As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 3, 2019
Securities Act File No. 333-225967
Investment Company Act File No. 811-23358
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☒ | |||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 | ☒ | |||
Post-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ | |||
and | ||||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT | ||||
UNDER | ||||
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☒ | |||
Amendment No. 2 | ☒ |
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
One Buckhead Plaza
3060 Peachtree Road NW, Suite 500
Atlanta, Georgia 30305
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(404) 953-4900
Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code:
Dory S. Black, Esq., President
c/o Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC
One Buckhead Plaza
3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies of communications to:
Douglas P. Dick Stephen T. Cohen Dechert LLP 1900 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 |
Michael K. Hoffman Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP Four Times Square New York, New York 10036 |
Kevin T. Hardy Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP 155 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 |
Approximate date of proposed public offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box. ☐
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
☒ |
when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c). |
If appropriate, check the following box:
☐ |
This amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed registration statement. |
☐ |
This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Title of Securities
Being Registered |
Amount Being
Registered |
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (1) |
Amount of Registration Fee (2) |
||||
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | ||||||||
Total |
50,000 | $20.00 | $1,000,000 | $124.50 | ||||
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(1) |
Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, solely for the purposes of calculating the registration fee. |
(2) |
Previously paid. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION | May 3, 2019 |
Shares
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
The Fund. Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Fund) is a recently organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company.
Investment Objective . The Fund seeks current income with a secondary objective of total return. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Investment Strategies. In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund invests primarily in debt issued by financial institutions, including subordinated debt (sub-debt), unrated debt, senior debt and high yield securities, focusing on those in the U.S. community bank sector. The Fund may also invest in common equity, preferred equity, convertible securities and warrants of these institutions. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least a majority of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in securities issued by U.S. community banks. See Investment Objective and StrategiesCommunity Banking Sector Focus. To a lesser extent, but up to 50% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, under normal circumstances, the Fund may also invest in similar securities of other U.S. and foreign financial services companies that are not U.S. community banks and may be of any size. These companies may include, but are not limited to, banks, thrifts, finance companies, brokerage and advisory firms, insurance companies and financial holding companies. Together with U.S. community banks, these types of companies are referred to as financial institutions, and the Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of the value of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in securities of such financial institutions (measured at the time of purchase). The Fund also will target at least 80% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in debt issued by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured institutions that accept deposits and any holding company of such institutions (depository institutions), which includes community bank debt and securitizations of community bank debt. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 50% of its depository institution debt investments in debt investments rated investment grade by Standard & Poors Rating Group (S&P) or of equivalent quality rating by another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization, or if unrated, considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality based on the Advisers internal quantitative models. A significant portion of the Funds assets may be invested in investments rated below investment grade or that are unrated, including subordinated notes (commonly referred to the residual or equity tranche) in securitizations of community bank debt. Below investment grade securities (commonly referred to as high-yield securities or junk bonds) have predominantly speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns, which could cause losses.
Investing in Shares involves a high degree of risk. See Risks beginning on page 35 of this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
(continued on inside front cover page)
Public
offering price |
Sales
load(2) |
Estimated
offering costs(3) |
Proceeds,
after expenses, to the Fund |
|||||
Per Share | $20.00 | None | None | $20.00 | ||||
Total | $ | None | None | $ | ||||
Total assuming full exercise of overallotment option(1) | $ | None | None | $ |
(see notes on inside front cover page)
The underwriters expect to deliver the Shares to purchasers on or about , 2019.
UBS Investment Bank | ||||||||
Wells Fargo Securities | ||||||||
Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods A Stifel Company |
||||||||
Oppenheimer & Co. | ||||||||
RBC Capital Markets |
B. Riley Wealth Management | Bancroft Capital, LLC | Brookline Capital Markets | ||
D.A. Davidson & Co. | Incapital | Janney Montgomery Scott | ||
JonesTrading | Ladenburg Thalmann | Maxim Group LLC | ||
National Securities Corporation | Newbridge Securities Corporation | Pershing LLC | ||
Sandler ONeill + Partners, L.P. | Wedbush Securities Inc. |
(continued | on inside front cover page) |
(1) | The Fund has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional Shares at the public offering price within 45 days of the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any. |
(2) | The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, compensation of up to $0.60 per Share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering, which aggregate amount will not exceed % of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering. Separately, the Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, upfront structuring fees to UBS Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, and may pay certain other qualifying Underwriters a structuring fee in connection with the offering. The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay a fee to Click IPO Securities, LLC in exchange for consulting services provided by a consultant to Click IPO Securities, LLC relating to the design, structuring and marketing strategies of the Fund in an amount equal to $ . The Adviser (and not the Fund) has also agreed to pay Destra Capital Investments LLC for distribution assistance in connection with this offering of up to $ . See Underwriting. |
(3) | The Adviser has agreed to pay all organizational expenses of the Fund and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Fund is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Adviser. See Summary of fees and expenses. |
(continued | on inside front cover page) |
Limited Term. The Fund will terminate on or before May 31, 2031 (the Termination Date); provided, that if the Board of Trustees (Board) believes that, under then-current market conditions, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so, the Fund may extend the Termination Date: (i) once for up to one year ( i.e. , up to May 31, 2032), and (ii) once for up to an additional six months ( i.e. , up to November 30, 2032), in each case upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder (as defined below) approval. In addition, as of a date within twelve months preceding the Termination Date, the Board may cause the Fund to conduct a tender offer to all Shareholders to purchase Shares (as defined below) of the Fund at a price equal to the net asset value (NAV) per Share on the expiration date of the tender offer (an Eligible Tender Offer). The Board has established that, following an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund must have at least $100 million of net assets to ensure the continued viability of the Fund (the Termination Threshold). In an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund will offer to purchase all Shares held by each Shareholder; provided, that if the number of properly tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling less than the Termination Threshold, the Eligible Tender Offer will be terminated and no Common Shares will be repurchased pursuant to the Eligible Tender Offer. Instead, the Fund will begin (or continue) liquidating its portfolio and proceed to terminate on or before the Termination Date. The Adviser will pay all costs and expenses associated with the making of an Eligible Tender Offer, other than brokerage and related transaction costs associated with disposition of portfolio investments in connection with the Eligible Tender Offer, which will be borne by the Fund and its Shareholders. An Eligible Tender Offer would be made, and Shareholders would be notified thereof, in accordance with the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) and the applicable tender offer rules thereunder (including Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E under the Exchange Act). If the number of properly tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling greater than the Termination Threshold, all Shares properly tendered and not withdrawn will be purchased by the Fund pursuant to the terms of the Eligible Tender Offer. See RisksLimited Term Risk. Following the completion of an Eligible Tender Offer, the Board may eliminate the Termination Date upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. In making a decision to eliminate the Termination Date to provide for the Funds perpetual existence, the Board will take such actions with respect to the continued operations of the Fund as it deems to be in the best interests of the Fund, based on market conditions at such time, the extent of Shareholder participation in the Eligible Tender Offer and all other factors deemed relevant by the Board in consultation with the investment adviser to the Fund, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the Adviser), taking into account that the Adviser may have a potential conflict of interest in seeking to convert to a perpetual trust. The Fund is not a so called target date or life cycle fund whose asset allocation becomes more conservative over time as its target date, often associated with retirement, approaches. In addition, the Fund is not a target term fund whose investment objective is to return its original NAV on the termination date. The Funds investment objective and policies are not designed to seek to return to investors that purchase Shares in this offering their initial investment of $20.00 per Share on the Termination Date or in an Eligible Tender Offer, and such investors and investors that purchase Shares after the completion of this offering may receive more or less than their original investment upon termination or in an Eligible Tender Offer. See RisksLimited Term Risk.
No Prior History. Because the Fund is recently organized, its common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share (the Shares), have no history of public trading. The shares of closed-end investment companies often trade at a discount from their NAV, which may increase investors risk of loss. The returns earned by holders of the Shares (Shareholders) who purchase their Shares in this offering and sell their Shares below NAV will be reduced. This risk may be greater for investors who intend to sell their Shares in a relatively short period after completion of the public offering.
Investment Adviser. The investment adviser to the Fund is Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the Adviser or Angel Oak), an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act). The Adviser oversees the management of the Funds activities and is responsible for making investment decisions for the Funds portfolio. Angel Oak manages approximately $9.4 billion in assets specializing in structured and corporate credit as of February 28, 2019. Angel Oak was formed and has been investing in structured credit since 2009.
ii
Leverage. The Fund may use leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Initially, the Fund expects to use leverage through borrowings from certain financial institutions or reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e. , a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and the leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions or derivatives that have the effect of leverage in an aggregate amount up to 40% of the Funds Managed Assets (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Funds accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes) (Managed Assets) immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund intends to enter into a credit facility within twelve months after the completion of this offering. The Funds use of leverage is subject to risks and will cause the Funds NAV per Share to be more volatile than if leverage were not used. See Leverage and RisksLeverage Risk.
Listing. It is expected that the Shares will be approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol FINS, subject to notice of issuance.
Investors should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If any such information or statements are given or made, investors should not rely upon such information or representations. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer to sell to, or a solicitation of an offer to buy from, any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This prospectus speaks as of the date set forth below. Investors should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.
You should read this prospectus, which contains important information about the Fund, before deciding whether to invest in the Shares, and you should retain it for future reference. This prospectus sets forth concisely the information about the Fund that a prospective investor ought to know before investing. The Statement of Additional Information, dated , 2019, as it may be supplemented, containing additional information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. You may request a free copy of the Statement of Additional Information, the table of contents of which is on page 94 of this prospectus, annual and semi-annual reports to Shareholders, when available, and other information about the Fund, and make Shareholder inquiries by calling (855) 751-4324; by writing to the Fund at c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services at P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701; or from the Funds website (www.angeloakcapital.com). You also may obtain a copy of the Statement of Additional Information (and other information regarding the Fund) from the Securities and Exchange Commissions website ( http://www.sec.gov ).
The Funds Shares are not deposits or obligations of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and Shares are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other government agency.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither the Fund nor the Underwriters have authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither the Fund nor the Underwriters are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary (such as broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by calling .
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Fund, you can call to let the Fund know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held in your account if you invest through a financial intermediary or all funds held with the fund complex if you invest directly with the Fund.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of contents of the Statement of Additional Information |
94 |
This is only a summary and does not contain all of the information that a prospective investor should consider before investing in the Fund. Before investing, a prospective investor in the Fund should carefully read the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information.
THE FUND
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (Fund) is a newly organized Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund will have a limited term unless otherwise determined by the Funds Board of Trustees (Board). See Limited Term and RisksLimited Term Risk.
The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and intends to comply with the requirements to qualify annually, as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code).
THE OFFERING
The Fund is offering common shares of beneficial interest (Shares and the holders of such Shares, Shareholders) at $20.00 per Share through a group of underwriters led by UBS Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. You must purchase at least 50 Shares ($1,000) in this offering. The Fund has given the Underwriters an option to purchase up to additional Shares within 45 days of the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any. See Underwriting. The investment adviser to the Fund, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the Adviser or Angel Oak), has agreed to pay underwriting compensation of up to $0.60 per Share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering, which aggregate amount will not exceed % of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering. The Adviser also has agreed to pay all of the Funds organizational expenses and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Fund is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Adviser.
In April 2018, a similar closed-end fund which was to be advised by the Adviser commenced a public offering, but that offering was never completed and that funds registration statement was withdrawn in May 2018 (the Prior Offering). This offering is unrelated to the Prior Offering and the Fund is a newly-formed closed-end fund, which is separate and distinct from the fund offered in the Prior Offering. In making a determination to invest in the Fund, an investor should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and should not rely on any information that may have been received in connection with the Prior Offering or of which the investor is aware that related to the Prior Offering.
WHO MAY WANT TO INVEST
The Fund may be an appropriate investment for long-term investors seeking the potential for:
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current income and total return; |
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a 12-year term; |
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exposure to securities issued by financial institutions; and |
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access to professional asset management by the Adviser. |
1
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks current income with a secondary objective of total return. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund invests primarily in debt issued by financial institutions, including subordinated debt (or sub-debt), unrated debt, senior debt and high yield securities, focusing on those in the U.S. community bank sector. The Fund may also invest in common equity, preferred equity, convertible securities, warrants, and trust-preferred securities (TruPS) of those institutions. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least a majority of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in debt securities issued by U.S. community banks. See Investment Objective and StrategiesCommunity Banking Sector Focus.
To a lesser extent, but up to 50% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, under normal circumstances, the Fund may also invest in similar securities of other U.S. and foreign financial services companies that are not U.S. community banks and may be of any size. These companies may include, but are not limited to, banks, thrifts, finance companies, brokerage and advisory firms, insurance companies and financial holding companies. Together with U.S. community banks, these types of companies are referred to as financial institutions.
The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of the value of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in the securities of financial institutions (measured at the time of purchase). For purposes of the Funds 80% investment policy, the Fund may invest in debt securities, including sub-debt, unrated debt, senior debt, preferred securities, high yield securities, and TruPS; equity securities, including common equity, preferred equity, convertible securities, and warrants; Structured Products (as defined herein), including community bank debt securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations, including equity and junior debt tranches of such instruments; or derivative instruments that invest substantially all of their assets in securities issued by or are linked to, or otherwise provide investment exposure to, businesses in the financial institutions sector. Such derivative instruments will be valued on a mark-to-market basis. The Funds 80% investment policy is not fundamental and may be changed without Shareholder approval. The Fund will provide Shareholders with 60 days notice of any change in its 80% investment policy.
The Fund also will target at least 80% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in debt issued by FDIC insured institutions that accept deposits and any holding company of such institutions (depository institutions), which includes community bank debt and securitizations of community bank debt. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 50% of its depository institution debt investments in debt investments rated investment grade by Standard & Poors Rating Group (S&P) or of equivalent quality rating by another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization, or if unrated, considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality based on the Advisers internal quantitative models. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in debt securities rated CCC+ or below by S&P or Fitch Ratings or Caa1 or below by Moodys Investors Service.
The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest no more than 30% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in securities issued by non-U.S. issuers.
The Fund generally will invest no more than 5% of its depository institution investments in any one depository institution.
2
The Funds portfolio will be deemed to be non-diversified under the 1940 Act, meaning it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a single or limited number of issuers than a diversified fund. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will concentrate its investments ( i.e. , invest 25% or more of its total assets (measured at the time of purchase)) in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials.
The Fund may invest indirectly in securities issued by community banks and other financial institutions through Structured Products and credit derivatives. In particular, the Fund may invest in equity and junior debt tranches of community bank debt securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations, which are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of unsecured, subordinated loans made to, and unsecured, subordinated debentures, notes or other securities issued by, community banks or other financial institutions (Structured Products). The Fund may also invest in other securities and instruments that are related to these Structured Products or that the Adviser believes are consistent with the Funds investment objective, including senior debt tranches of community bank debt securitizations. These investments provide indirect exposure to, and focus on, the same types of direct investments that the Fund makes in community banks and financial institutions and, accordingly, the Funds investments in Structured Products and credit derivatives that provide exposure to community banks and other financial institutions are considered an investment in community banks and financial institutions. The Fund uses such instruments to seek to complement its overall strategy and enhance the diversity of its holdings.
The Fund does not have a policy to target a particular average maturity or duration and may invest in bonds of any maturity or duration. Maturity refers to the length of time until a bonds principal is repaid with interest. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a securitys yield, coupon, final maturity and call features, among other characteristics. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of three years, and interest rates increase (fall) by 1%, the portfolio would decline (increase) in value by approximately 3%. However, duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of instruments held by the Fund and, therefore, the Funds exposure to changes in interest rates.
The Fund may also incur leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. See Leverage.
Although the Fund normally seeks to invest substantially all of its assets in securities issued by financial institutions, the Fund reserves the ability to invest up to 20% of its assets in other types of securities and instruments (measured at the time of purchase). Additionally, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment strategy in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. If the Fund does so, it may not achieve its investment objective. The Fund may also choose not to take defensive positions.
The Fund may invest without limitation in securities ( e.g. , non-investment grade sub-debt and junior debt tranches of Structured Products) that are illiquid and expects that a substantial portion of its assets will be illiquid. The Fund may also invest in restricted securities.
Community banking focus
The Fund intends to pursue its investment objective by investing principally in public and privately-held community banks located throughout the United States. The Fund generally considers a community bank to mean banks, savings associations and their holding companies with less than $10 billion in consolidated assets that serve local markets. As of December 31, 2018, the community banking sector is a highly fragmented $3.0 trillion sector, comprised of over 5,400 banks located throughout the United States, including underserved rural, semi-rural, suburban and other niche markets. Community banks typically do not have exposure to non-U.S. credit and are focused on lending to borrowers in their distinct communities. As a result, the Adviser believes that community banks frequently have a better understanding of the local businesses they finance than larger banking organizations.
3
MARKET OPPORTUNITY
The number of commercial banks in the United States has been steadily declining for decades, and this trend is expected to continue given the many incentives that exist for community banks to acquire or merge with other institutions.
The resulting industry consolidation generally has had a favorable impact on the value of community bank sub-debt, especially those debt securities issued by smaller institutions, which tend to be acquired by larger and stronger banks. In most merger/acquisition scenarios the acquirer assumes the liabilities and continues to service any outstanding debt of the acquired institution. The outcome is often an upgrade in the overall perceived credit quality of the debt, leading to price appreciation.
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
The primary market for new debt issuance for depository financial institutions is about $100 billion annually. New issuance for banks with less than $30 billion in assets, the segment the Adviser finds most attractive, is expected by the Adviser to reach approximately $3 to $5 billion in 2019. The Adviser believes it can find attractive opportunities in banks at the smaller end of the asset size spectrum that are issuing unrated sub-debt. The Adviser believes there is an opportunity to identify community bank securities that will provide compelling risk-adjusted returns on an absolute basis. In addition, the Adviser believes these investments have the potential to provide returns that are more attractive relative to other opportunities in corporate credit. The Adviser also believes there is an opportunity for capital appreciation on unrated securities.
PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION
The Funds portfolio will consist primarily of:
Subordinated debt, senior debt and preferred securities of banks and diversified financial companies
Subordinated debt securities, sometimes also called junior debt or sub-debt, are debt securities for which the issuers obligations to make principal and interest payment are secondary to the issuers payment obligations to more senior debt securities. Such investments will consist primarily of debt issued by community banks or savings institutions (or their holding companies), which are subordinated to senior debt issued by the banks and deposits held by the bank, but are senior to trust preferred obligations, preferred stock and common stock issued by the bank. Many subordinated debt securities may be unrated and some may be considered high-yield securities or junk bonds. See High Yield Securities. Preferred securities may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return and are subject to many of the risks associated with debt securities, as well as issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. A companys preferred securities generally pay dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt.
Community bank subordinated debt securities and Structured Products collateralized by such securities typically have floating or variable interest rates based on the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or may have a fixed coupon for a period of years and then convert to a floating rate, and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to LIBOR, including the risks associated with the future replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate. See RisksLIBOR Risk.
4
High yield securities
The Fund may invest up to 50% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in below investment grade securities, including certain securities issued by U.S. community banks and other financial institutions. These high-yield securities (also known as junk bonds) will generally be rated BB or lower by S&P or of equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization, or if unrated, considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. There is no minimum credit quality for securities in which the Fund may invest, provided that not more than 15% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes may be invested in debt securities rated CCC+ or below by S&P or Fitch Ratings or Caa1 or below by Moodys Investors Service.
Structured Products
The Fund may invest in Structured Products, including community bank debt securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations (which may be referred to as collateralized debt securities or CDOs), which are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of unsecured, subordinated loans made to, and unsecured, subordinated debentures, notes or other securities issued by, community banks or other financial institutions. Some Structured Products have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, Structured Products are privately offered and sold (that is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for Structured Products that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. The senior and junior tranches of Structured Products collateralized by community bank debt securitizations typically have floating or variable interest rates based on LIBOR and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to LIBOR, including the risks associated with the future replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate. See RisksLIBOR Risk.
Subordinated/equity tranches of Structured Products. The Fund may also invest in the equity tranches of a Structured Product, which typically represent the first loss position in the Structured Product, are unrated and are subject to higher risks. Equity tranches of Structured Products typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity tranches will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates based on LIBOR.
Derivatives
Derivatives, which are instruments that have a value based on another instrument, exchange rate or index, may be used as substitutes for securities in which the Fund can invest. The Fund uses derivatives to gain or adjust exposure to markets, sectors, securities and currencies and to manage exposure to risks relating to creditworthiness, interest rate spreads, volatility and changes in yield curves. In certain market environments, the Fund may use interest rate swaps and futures contracts to help protect its portfolio from interest rate risk. The Fund may also invest in swaps, including total return swaps and credit default swaps, options and warrants. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest no more than 25% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in derivative instruments, excluding derivative instruments used for hedging purposes.
Convertible securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities which are preferred stocks or bonds that pay a fixed dividend or interest payment and are convertible into common stock or other equity interests at a specified price or conversion ratio during a specified period.
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Common and preferred stock
The Fund may invest in common stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
Trust preferred securities
The Fund may invest in TruPS, which are securities that are typically issued by banks and other financial institutions that combine the features of debt securities and preferred securities as well as certain features of equity securities. TruPS are typically issued by banks and other financial institutions, generally in the form of interest bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated business trust of a parent corporation, generally in the form of beneficial interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. Many TruPS are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by banks and other financial institutions and are not a direct obligation of banks and other financial institutions. The TruPS market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates. TruPS are typically issued with a final maturity date, although some (usually those of foreign issuers) are perpetual in nature. TruPS are typically junior and fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer and benefit from a guarantee that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor. In addition, TruPS typically permit an issuer to defer the payment of income for five years or more without triggering an event of default. Because of their subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer, the ability to defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on the TruPS have not been made), TruPS are often deemed to be a close substitute for traditional preferred securities. TruPS also possess many of the typical characteristics of equity securities due to their subordinated position in an issuers capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the issuers profitability as opposed to any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows.
International securities
The Fund may invest up to 30% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in the securities of non-U.S. issuers, including direct investments in companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets. The Fund intends to invest in securities of companies in developed markets.
CLOSED-END, LIMITED TERM FUND STRUCTURE AND ELIGIBLE TENDER OFFER
The Fund has been organized as a non-diversified closed-end management investment company. Closed-end funds differ from open-end funds (commonly known as mutual funds) in that closed-end fund Shareholders do not have the right to redeem their Shares on a daily basis.
The Fund will terminate on or before May 31, 2031 (the Termination Date); provided, that if the Board believes that, under then-current market conditions, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so, the Fund may extend the Termination Date: (i) once for up to one year ( i.e. , up to May 31, 2032), and (ii) once for up to an additional six months ( i.e. , up to November 30, 2032), in each case upon the affirmative vote of a
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majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. In determining whether to extend the Termination Date, the Board may consider the inability to sell the Funds assets in a time frame consistent with termination due to lack of market liquidity or other extenuating circumstances. Additionally, the Board may determine that market conditions are such that it is reasonable to believe that, with an extension, the Funds remaining assets will appreciate and generate income in an amount that, in the aggregate, is meaningful relative to the cost and expense of continuing the operation of the Fund.
Beginning one year before the Termination Date (the wind-down period), the Fund may begin liquidating all or a portion of the Funds portfolio, and may deviate from its investment policies and may not achieve its investment objective. See RisksLimited Term Risk. In addition, within twelve months preceding the Termination Date, the Board may (but is not required to) cause the Fund to conduct an Eligible Tender Offer. An Eligible Tender Offer would consist of a tender offer to all Shareholders to purchase Shares of the Fund at a price equal to the net asset value (NAV) per Share on the expiration date of the tender offer. The Board has established that, following an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund must have at least $100 million of net assets to ensure the continued viability of the Fund (the Termination Threshold).
In an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund will offer to purchase all Shares held by each Shareholder; provided, that if the number of properly tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling less than the Termination Threshold, the Eligible Tender Offer will be terminated and no Shares will be repurchased pursuant to the Eligible Tender Offer. Instead, the Fund will begin (or continue) liquidating its portfolio and proceed to terminate on or before the Termination Date. The Adviser will pay all costs and expenses associated with the making of an Eligible Tender Offer, other than brokerage and related transaction costs associated with disposition of portfolio investments in connection with the Eligible Tender Offer, which will be borne by the Fund and its Shareholders. An Eligible Tender Offer would be made, and Shareholders would be notified thereof, in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) and the applicable tender offer rules thereunder (including Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E under the Exchange Act).
If the number of properly tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling greater than the Termination Threshold, all Shares properly tendered and not withdrawn will be purchased by the Fund pursuant to the terms of the Eligible Tender Offer. See RisksLimited Term Risk. Following such completion of the Eligible Tender Offer, the Board may eliminate the Termination Date and convert the Fund to a perpetual trust upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act. In making such decision, the Board will take such actions with respect to the continued operations of the Fund as it deems to be in the best interests of the Fund, based on market conditions at such time, the extent of Shareholder participation in the Eligible Tender Offer and all other factors deemed relevant by the Board in consultation with the Adviser.
The Fund is not a so called target date or life cycle fund whose asset allocation becomes more conservative over time as its target date, often associated with retirement, approaches. In addition, the Fund is not a target term fund whose investment objective is to return its original NAV on the termination date. The Funds investment objective and policies are not designed to seek to return to investors that purchase Shares in this offering their initial investment of $20.00 per Share on the Termination Date or in an Eligible Tender Offer, and such investors and investors that purchase Shares after the completion of this offering may receive more or less than their original investment upon termination or in an Eligible Tender Offer. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws and RisksLimited Term Risk.
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LEVERAGE
The Fund may seek to enhance the level of its current distributions to its Shareholders through the use of leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not incur indebtedness if, immediately after incurring such indebtedness, the Fund would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of less than 300% ( i.e. , for every dollar of indebtedness outstanding, the Fund is required to have at least three dollars of total assets, including the proceeds of leverage). Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not issue preferred shares if, immediately after issuance, the Fund would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of less than 200% ( i.e. , for every dollar of preferred shares outstanding, the Fund is required to have at least two dollars of total assets, including the proceeds of leverage).
Initially, the Fund expects to use leverage through borrowings from certain financial institutions or the use of reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e. , a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and the leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions or derivatives that have the effect of leverage in an aggregate amount up to 40% of the Funds Managed Assets immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund intends to enter into a credit facility within twelve months after the completion of this offering. The Fund, however, does not intend to issue preferred shares during its first twelve months of operations.
Managed Assets includes total assets (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Funds accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes) (Managed Assets). In addition, the Fund may borrow for temporary, emergency or other purposes as permitted under the 1940 Act. Any such indebtedness would be in addition to the combined effective leverage ratio of 40% of Managed Assets (at the time of borrowing). The Funds leverage strategy may not be successful. By leveraging its investment portfolio, the Fund creates an opportunity for increased net income or capital appreciation. However, the use of leverage also involves risks, which can be significant. see RisksLeverage Risk. The Adviser intends to leverage the Fund only when it believes that the potential return on the additional investments acquired through the use of leverage is likely to exceed the costs incurred in connection with the use of leverage and is in the best interests of the Fund.
THE ADVISER
Angel Oak, an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act), oversees the management of the Funds activities and is responsible for making investment decisions for the Funds portfolio. Angel Oak manages approximately $9.4 billion in assets specializing in structured and corporate credit as of February 28, 2019. Angel Oak was formed and has been investing in structured credit since 2009. Angel Oak is located at One Buckhead Plaza, 3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. The Adviser is controlled by Michael A. Fierman, Sreeniwas V. Prabhu, and Brad A. Friedlander, each a Managing Partner of Angel Oak.
MANAGEMENT FEE
The Fund will pay the Adviser a monthly fee computed at the annual rate of 1.35% of the Funds average daily Managed Assets. If the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the Adviser for investment advisory and management services will be higher than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Funds Managed Assets, which includes the principal amount of
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outstanding borrowings from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e. , a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and the leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions. See Leverage.
The Adviser has voluntarily agreed to waive its management fee to 1.00% of the Funds Managed Assets for the first year of the Funds operations. The Adviser may not recoup from the Fund any amount waived pursuant to this arrangement.
EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse certain expenses (exclusive of any management fees, taxes, interest on borrowings, dividends on securities sold short, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses) to limit the Funds Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.25% of the Funds Managed Assets (the Expense Limit) through at least May 31, 2020 (the Limitation Period). The Expense Limit may be eliminated at any time by the Board, on behalf of the Fund, upon 60 days written notice to the Adviser. Prior to the end of the Limitation Period, the Expense Limit may not be terminated by the Adviser without the consent of the Board of Trustees. The Adviser may recoup from the Fund any waived amount or reimbursed expenses pursuant to the Expense Limit if such recoupment does not cause the Fund to exceed the current Expense Limit or the Expense Limit in place at the time of the waiver or reimbursement (whichever is lower) and the recoupment is made within three years after the end of the month in which the Adviser incurred the expense.
ADMINISTRATOR, FUND ACCOUNTANT, CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (Fund Services) acts as administrator and fund accountant to the Fund and U.S. Bank National Association (U.S. Bank) acts as the custodian to the Fund.
Pursuant to the Funds agreements with Fund Services and U.S. Bank, they will receive a portion of fees from the Fund for services performed as administrator, fund accountant and custodian, as applicable. Fund Services expects to receive a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, subject to an annual minimum amount.
Fund Services acts as transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent to the Fund.
DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund intends to make regular monthly cash distributions of all or a portion of its investment company taxable income (which includes ordinary income and short-term capital gains) to Shareholders. The Fund also intends to make annual distributions of its realized net capital gains (which is the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses). The Fund expects its initial distribution will be declared approximately 30 to 45 days, and paid approximately 45 to 60 days, after the completion of this offering. At times, the Fund may pay out less than all of its investment income or pay out accumulated undistributed income in addition to current net investment income. Distributions by the Fund may include a return of capital, if the Board determines that such distributions are in the best interests of Shareholders. Dividend and capital gains distributions generally are used to purchase additional Shares of the Fund. However, an investor can choose to receive distributions in cash. Dividend and capital gains distributions generally are taxable to Shareholders whether they are reinvested in Shares of the Fund or received in cash.
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DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
The Fund has established an automatic dividend reinvestment plan (the Plan). Under the Plan, distributions of dividends and capital gains are automatically reinvested in Shares of the Fund by Fund Services (Plan Agent). Unless a Shareholder indicates another option on the account application or otherwise opts-out, Shareholders holding at least one full Share of the Fund will be automatically enrolled in the Plan. Shareholders who receive distributions in the form of additional Shares will nonetheless be required to pay applicable federal, state or local taxes on the reinvested dividends but will not receive a corresponding cash distribution with which to pay any applicable tax. Shareholders who do not participate in the Plan will receive all distributions in cash. Reinvested dividends increase the Funds Managed Assets on which an advisory fee is payable to the Adviser. Shareholders who intend to hold their Shares through a broker or nominee should contact such broker or nominee regarding the Plan. It is expected that Shareholders will receive cash in any liquidating distribution from the Fund, regardless of their participation in the Plan. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan for more information and on how to withdraw from the Plan.
BOARD
The Board has overall responsibility for monitoring and overseeing the Funds management and operations. A majority of the Trustees are Independent Trustees. See Management of the Fund.
SUMMARY OF TAXATION
The Fund intends to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and intends to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that are currently distributed as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Shareholders, as applicable. To qualify and maintain its qualification as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund is required to meet certain specified source-of-income and asset diversification requirements, and is required to distribute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its net ordinary income and the excess, if any, of its realized net short-term capital gains over its realized net long-term capital losses each tax year to Shareholders, as applicable. See Distribution Policy and Tax Aspects.
INVESTOR SUPPORT SERVICES
The Fund has retained Destra Capital Investments LLC (Destra) to provide investor support services in connection with the ongoing operation of the Fund. Such services include providing ongoing contact with respect to the Fund and its performance with financial advisors that are representatives of financial intermediaries, communicating with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) specialist for the Shares, and with the closed-end fund analyst community regarding the Fund on a regular basis, and hosting and maintaining a website for the Fund. The Fund will pay Destra a services fee in an annual amount equal to 0.12% of the average aggregate daily value of the Funds Managed Assets during the Funds first year of operations and 0.10% of the average daily value of the Funds Managed Assets from the end of the Funds first year of operations through the Termination Date (as may be extended in accordance with the terms described herein. The compensation received by Destra pursuant to the investor support services agreement is for ongoing investor support services following the completion of this offering and is separate from the compensation Destra will receive for providing distribution assistance in connection with this offering.
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LISTING
It is expected that the Funds Shares will be approved for listing on the NYSE, subject to notice of issuance. See Description of Capital Structure. The trading or ticker symbol of the Shares is FINS. Shares of the Fund may trade at a discount the Funds NAV. See RisksMarket Discount Risk.
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL RISKS
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. There may be circumstances that could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. You should carefully consider the Funds investment risks before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit at a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
For a more complete discussion of the risks of investing in the Fund, see Risks. Shareholders should consider carefully the following principal risks before investing in the Fund.
Banks and diversified financials concentration risk
The Funds assets will be concentrated in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials, potentially exposing it to greater risks than companies that invest in multiple sectors. The Funds emphasis on community banks may make the Fund more economically vulnerable in the event of a downturn in the banking industry. Community banks may face heightened risks of failure during times of economic downturns, including those impacting a particular region, than larger banks. Community banks may also be subject to greater lending risks than larger banks, including the risks associated with mortgage loans. The ability of management of financial institutions to identify, measure, monitor and control the risks of an institutions activities and to ensure a financial institutions safe, sound and efficient operation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations are critical. Community banks may have fewer resources to devote towards employing and retaining strong management employees and implementing a thorough compliance program. Additionally, banking institutions are subject to substantial regulations that could adversely affect their ability to operate and the value of the Fund investments, including from future banking regulations. Ownership of the stock of certain types of regulated banking institutions may subject the Fund to additional regulations. Investments in banking institutions and transactions related to the Fund investments may require approval from one or more regulatory authorities. If the Fund were deemed to be a bank holding company or thrift holding company, bank holding companies or thrift holding companies that invest in the Fund would be subject to certain restrictions and regulations.
Closed-end fund risks
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company and designed primarily for long-term investors. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Shares of the Fund may trade at a discount the Funds NAV. See RisksMarket Discount Risk.
Conflicts of interest risk
There are significant and potential conflicts of interest that could impact the Funds investment returns, including the potential for portfolio managers to devote unequal time and attention to the management of the Fund and any other accounts managed; identify a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable
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for more than one client; and acquire material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from trading in certain potential investments. While the Fund generally may not purchase Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates directly from the issuer thereof, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, purchase Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates from third parties in secondary market transactions. The Fund does not currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored by the Adviser or an affiliate; however, to the extent the Fund does, it will do so only as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. To the extent that the Fund holds Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates, or holds Structured Products in which the Adviser or its affiliates also hold interests, certain conflicts of interest may arise. The Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the interests. Even if a secondary market exists, the Adviser or its affiliates at times may possess material non-public information that may restrict the Funds ability to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product. Additionally, because the amount of fees paid to the Adviser for its services is based on Managed Assets, the fees paid to the Adviser will be higher if the Fund uses leverage, which may create an incentive for the Adviser to leverage the Fund or increase the Funds use of leverage.
Convertible securities risk
Convertible securities may be subordinate to other securities. The total return for a convertible security may depend upon the performance of the underlying stock into which it can be converted. Issuers of convertible securities are often not as strong financially as those issuing securities with higher credit ratings, are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and typically are more vulnerable to changes in the economy, including a sustained period of rising interest rates, which could affect their ability to make interest and principal payments. If an issuer stops making interest and/or principal payments, the Fund could lose its entire investment.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that securities owned by the Fund will decline in value or the issuer of a security owned by the Fund will not be able to make interest or principal payments on the security when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial circumstances. Certain investments may be exposed to the credit risk of the counterparties with whom the Fund deals.
Derivatives risk
Derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets of the Fund; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivative instrument: the possible default of the other party to the transaction: and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. Certain derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss.
Distributions risk
The Funds distributions may include a return of capital, thus reducing a Shareholders cost basis in his or her Fund Shares and reducing the amount of capital available to the Fund for investment and likely increasing the Funds expense ratio. A Shareholder who receives a capital distribution may be subject to tax even though the Shareholder has experienced a net loss on his or her investment in the Fund. Any
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capital returned to Shareholders through distributions will be distributed after the payment of fees and expenses. Shareholders who periodically receive payment of a distribution consisting of a return of capital may he under the impression that they are receiving net income or profits when they are not. A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net income or profit.
Equity risk
Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. The equity market may experience declines and companies whose equity securities are in the Funds portfolio may not increase their earnings at the rate anticipated. The Funds NAV and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio securities.
Extension risk
When interest rates rise, certain obligations may be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall.
Fixed-income instruments risk
Investments in fixed-income instruments are subject to interest rate, credit, maturity, duration, prepayment and general market risk. The issuer of fixed-income instruments may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations.
Floating or variable rate securities risk
Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates (such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as comparable market interest rates. Conversely, floating or variable rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. The impact of interest rate changes on floating or variable rate securities is typically mitigated by the periodic interest rate reset of the investments. Floating or variable rate securities can be rated below investment grade or unrated; therefore, the Fund relies heavily on the analytical ability of the Adviser. Lower-rated floating or variable rate securities are subject to many of the same risks as high yield securities, although these risks are reduced when the instruments are senior and secured as opposed to many high yield securities that are junior and unsecured. Floating or variable rate securities are often subject to restrictions on resale, which can result in reduced liquidity.
General market risk
The capital markets may experience periods of disruption, instability and volatility. Such conditions may materially and adversely affect the markets globally and in the jurisdictions in which the Fund invests, which may have a negative impact on the Funds performance.
High-yield securities risk
The below investment grade instruments in which the Fund invests (also known as junk bonds) have predominantly speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns, which could cause losses. There is no minimum credit quality for securities in which the Fund may invest, provided that
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not more than 15% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes may be invested in debt securities rated CCC+ or below by S&P or Fitch Ratings or Caa1 or below by Moodys Investors Service.
Illiquid securities risk
It is expected that a substantial portion of the securities and instruments held by the Fund will not trade on any exchange and will be illiquid.
Interest rate risk
The Fund is exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates. When interest rates decline, the value of fixed rate securities can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of fixed rate securities can be expected to decline. Interest rates have been historically low for much of the time following the recent financial crises, and the risk that interest rates may increase may be greater than the likelihood they will decline or remain unchanged if the financial recovery continues.
International securities risk
International securities may be traded in undeveloped, inefficient and less liquid markets and may experience greater price volatility and changes in value.
Large investors risk
Ownership of Shares of the Fund may be concentrated among certain institutional investors who purchase Shares. The ownership of large numbers of Shares of the Fund by one or more institutional investors could, depending on the size of such ownership, result in such investors being in a position to exercise significant influence on matters put to a vote of Shareholders. Dispositions of Shares by large investors could adversely impact the market price and premium or discount to NAV at which the Shares trade. As a result of the concentration of a significant portion of the Funds outstanding Shares among a limited number of investors and the applicable restrictions on resale, the trading volume of Shares may be lesser than that of funds of a similar size whose shares are more widely held. As a result, there may be less secondary market liquidity for the Shares, the Shares may be subject to wider bid-ask spreads and the market price of the Shares may fluctuate more sharply.
Leverage risk
The Fund may use leverage, which will cause the Funds NAV to be more volatile than it would otherwise be, may cause the Fund to experience losses if earnings on the investments made with borrowed money do not cover the costs of borrowing and may increase the risk of investing with the Fund. In addition, when short-term interest rates rise without a corresponding increase in long-term interest rates, the benefits the Fund derives from leverage will be reduced, which may cause the Fund to reduce its distributions to Shareholders. A decline in the Funds NAV could affect the ability of the Fund to make dividend payments. If the asset coverage for preferred shares or debt securities declines to less than two hundred or three hundred percent, respectively (as a result of market fluctuations or otherwise), the Fund may have to sell a portion of its investments at an inopportune time.
LIBOR risk
Instruments in which the Fund invests may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund and issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests may also
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obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. Derivative instruments utilized by the Fund and/or issuers of instruments in which the Fund may invest may also reference LIBOR. The Fund also may utilize leverage or borrowings primarily based on LIBOR. In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. There is currently no definitive information regarding the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could have adverse impacts on newly issued financial instruments and existing financial instruments that reference LIBOR. The effect of a phase out of LIBOR on U.S. community bank subordinated debt and other instruments in which the Fund may invest is currently unclear. While some instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate setting methodology, not all instruments may have such provisions, and there is significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies. To the extent that any replacement rate utilized for community bank subordinated debt securities or other securities differs from that utilized for a Structured Product that holds those securities, the Structured Product would experience an interest rate mismatch between its assets and liabilities. Structured Products generally contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by requiring the Structured Products administrator to calculate a replacement rate primarily through dealer polling on the applicable measurement date. However, there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of the dealer polling processes, including the willingness of banks to provide such quotations. Recently, some Structured Products have included, or have been amended to include, language permitting the Structured Products investment manager to implement a market replacement rate upon the occurrence of certain material disruption events. However, not all Structured Products may adopt such provisions, nor can there be any assurance that Structured Products investment managers will undertake the suggested amendments when able. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could lead to significant short-term and long-term uncertainty and market instability. It remains uncertain how such changes would be implemented and the effects such changes would have on the Fund, issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests and financial markets generally.
Limited investment opportunities risk
The market for debt issued by financial institutions, particularly those financial institutions in the U.S. community bank sector, is more limited than the market for other debt issuances. There can be no assurance that sufficient investment opportunities will be available.
Limited operating history risk
The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end investment company with limited operating history.
Limited term risk
Unless the Fund completes an Eligible Tender Offer and converts to perpetual existence, the Fund will terminate on or about the Termination Date. The Fund is not a so called target date or life cycle fund whose asset allocation becomes more conservative over time as its target date, often associated with retirement, approaches. In addition, the Fund is not a target term fund whose investment objective is to return its original NAV on the termination date. The Funds investment objective and policies are not designed to seek to return to investors that purchase Shares in this offering their initial investment of $20.00 per Share on the Termination Date or in an Eligible Tender Offer, and such investors and investors that purchase Shares after the completion of this offering may receive more or less than their original investment upon termination or in an Eligible Tender Offer.
15
Because the assets of the Fund will be liquidated in connection with the termination, the Fund will incur transaction costs in connection with dispositions of portfolio securities. The Fund does not limit its investments to securities having a maturity date prior to the Termination Date and may be required to sell portfolio securities when it otherwise would not, including at times when market conditions are not favorable, which may cause the Fund to lose money. In particular, the Funds portfolio may still have large exposures to illiquid securities as the Termination Date approaches, and losses due to portfolio liquidation may be significant. During the wind-down period, beginning one year before the Termination Date, the Fund may begin liquidating all or a portion of the Funds portfolio, and may deviate from its investment policies and may not achieve its investment objective. During the wind-down period, the Funds portfolio composition may change as more of its portfolio holdings are called or sold and portfolio holdings are disposed of in anticipation of liquidation. The disposition of portfolio investments by the Fund could cause market prices of such instruments, and hence the NAV and market price of the Shares, to decline. In addition, disposition of portfolio investments will cause the Fund to incur increased brokerage and related transaction expenses. The Fund may receive proceeds from the disposition of portfolio investments that are less than the valuations of such investments by the Fund. Rather than reinvesting the proceeds of matured, called or sold securities, the Fund may invest such proceeds in short-term or other lower yielding securities or hold the proceeds in cash, which may adversely affect its performance and the market price of the Shares. The Fund may distribute the proceeds in one or more liquidating distributions prior to the final liquidation, which may cause fixed expenses to increase when expressed as a percentage of assets under management. Upon a termination, it is anticipated that the Fund will have distributed substantially all of its net assets to Shareholders, although securities for which no market exists or securities trading at depressed prices, if any, may be placed in a liquidating trust. Shareholders will bear the costs associated with establishing and maintaining a liquidating trust, if necessary. Securities placed in a liquidating trust may be held for an indefinite period of time until they can be sold or pay out all of their cash flows. The Fund cannot predict the amount, if any, of securities that will be required to be placed in a liquidating trust.
If the Fund conducts an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund may be required to dispose of portfolio investments in connection with any reduction in the Funds outstanding leverage necessary in order to maintain the Funds desired leverage ratios following a tender offer. The risks related to the disposition of securities in connection with the Funds termination also would be present in connection with the disposition of securities in connection with an Eligible Tender Offer. In addition, the Funds purchase of tendered Shares pursuant to a tender offer will have tax consequences for tendering Shareholders and may have tax consequences for non-tendering Shareholders. All Shareholders remaining after a tender offer will be subject to proportionately higher expenses due to the reduction in the Funds total assets. The reduction in the Funds total assets may also result in less investment flexibility, reduced diversification and greater volatility for the Fund, and may have an adverse effect on the Funds investment performance. See RisksLimited Term Risk.
The Adviser may have a conflict of interest in recommending to the Board that the Termination Date be eliminated and the Fund have a perpetual existence. The Fund is not required to conduct additional tender offers following an Eligible Tender Offer and conversion to perpetual existence. Therefore, remaining Shareholders may not have another opportunity to participate in a tender offer. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV, and as a result remaining Shareholders may only be able to sell their Shares at a discount to NAV. See RisksMarket Discount Risk.
16
Liquidity and valuation risk
It may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular investments within a reasonable time at a favorable price. The valuation of securities or instruments that lack a central trading place (such as fixed-income securities or instruments) may carry greater risk than those that trade on an exchange.
Management risk
The Funds financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if a significant investment fails to perform as expected.
Market discount risk
Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV, which is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds NAV could decrease as a result of its investment activities. Although the value of the Funds net assets is generally considered by market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell Shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of Shares will depend entirely upon whether the market price of Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investors purchase price for Shares. Because the market price of Shares will be determined by factors such as NAV, dividend and distribution levels (which are dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and demand for Shares, stability of dividends or distributions, trading volume of Shares, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether Shares will trade at, below or above NAV or at, below or above the initial public offering price. Shares of the Fund are designed primarily for long-term investors; investors in Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Maturity and duration risk
Prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed income instruments as interest rates change. In addition, a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a securitys yield, coupon, final maturity and call features, among other characteristics. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of three years, and interest rates increase (fall) by 1%, the portfolio would decline (increase) in value by approximately 3%.
Non-diversification risks
The Fund is classified as non-diversified under the 1940 Act. As a result, it can invest a greater portion of its assets in obligations of a single issuer than a diversified fund. The Fund may therefore be more susceptible than a diversified fund to being adversely affected by a single corporate, economic, political or regulatory occurrence.
Portfolio turnover risk
The Funds annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. The portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short- term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
17
Prepayment risk
During periods of declining interest rates, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower yielding securities, resulting in a possible decline in the Funds income and distributions to Shareholders.
Rating agencies risk
Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuers current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.
Regulatory and legal risk
Legal and regulatory changes, including those implemented in connection with respect to new and existing tax laws and Dodd-Frank, could occur, which may materially adversely affect the Fund.
Repurchase agreement risk
Repurchase agreements involve the risk that a seller will become subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings or fail to repurchase a security from the Fund.
Reverse repurchase agreement risk
Reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects the Fund to the risks of leverage, including increased volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all.
Risk relating to the Funds RIC status
To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to RICs and their Shareholders under the Code, the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements, and failure to do so could result in the loss of RIC status, which would require the Fund to pay income taxes on all of its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.
Senior debt, subordinated debt and preferred securities of banks and diversified financial companies risk
Banks may issue subordinated debt securities, which have a lower priority to full payment behind other more senior debt securities. In addition to the risks generally associated with fixed income instruments ( e.g. , interest rate risk, counterparty risk, credit risk, etc.), bank subordinated debt is also subject to risks inherent to banks. Because banks are highly regulated and operate in a highly competitive environment, it may be difficult for a bank to meet its debt obligations. Banks also may be affected by changes in legislation and regulations applicable to the financial markets. Bank subordinated debt is often issued by smaller community banks that may be overly concentrated in a specific geographic region, lack the capacity to comply with new regulatory requirements or lack adequate capital. Some preferred securities allow the issuer to convert its preferred stock into common stock, these preferred securities are often sensitive to declining common stock values. Preferred security values can be affected by changes in interest rates. Preferred securities may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be
18
subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities. Although the Fund will invest in securities and other obligations of FDIC-insured depository institutions and their affiliates, neither those securities and obligations nor your investment in the Fund will be protected by FDIC insurance.
Structured Products risk
Structured Products, including community bank debt securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations (which may be referred to as collateralized debt securities or CDOs), which are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of unsecured, subordinated loans made to, and unsecured, subordinated debentures, notes or other securities issued by, community banks or other financial institutions, are subject to the normal interest rate, default and other risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the risks of an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the Structured Product or other asset-backed security in which the Fund invests. The Fund generally may have the right to receive payments only from the Structured Product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying collateral assets. Such collateral may be insufficient to meet payment obligations and the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default. Also, the class of the Structured Product may be subordinate to other classes, values may be volatile, and disputes with the issuer may produce unexpected investment results. Structured Products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in certain Structured Products or other asset-backed securities may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. The Fund may invest in any tranche of a Structured Product, including the subordinated/equity tranches. If applicable accounting pronouncements or SEC staff guidance require the Fund to consolidate the Structured Products financial statements with the Funds financial statements, any debt issued by the Structured Product would be generally treated as if it were issued by the Fund for purposes of the asset coverage ratio applicable to the Fund. If the assets of a Structured Product are not consolidated with the Funds assets and liabilities, then the leverage incurred by such Structured Product may or may not be treated as borrowings by the Fund for purposes applicable limitations on the Funds ability to issue debt. In addition to the general risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in Structured Products are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. The activities of the issuers of certain Structured Products, including bank debt securitizations, will generally be directed by a collateral manager. In the Funds capacity as holder of interests in such a Structured Product, the Fund is generally not able to make decisions with respect to the management, disposition or other realization of any investment, or other decisions regarding the business and affairs, of the Structured Product. Consequently, the success of the securitizations in will depend, in part, on the financial and managerial expertise of the collateral manager. To the extent that an affiliate of the Adviser serves as the sponsor and/or collateral manager of a Structured Product in which the Fund invests, or the Adviser or its affiliates hold other interests in Structured Products in which the Fund invests, the Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the interests. Even if a secondary market exists, the Adviser or its affiliates at times may possess material non-public information that may restrict the Funds ability to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product. The Fund does not currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored by the Adviser or an affiliate; however, to the extent the Fund does, it will do so only as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
19
Additional risks relating to investing in the subordinated/equity tranche of Structured Products. Up to all of the Funds investments in Structured Products may be in the subordinated/equity tranches. Investments in the equity tranches of Structured Products typically represent the first loss position, are unrated and are subject to greater risk. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the Structured Product in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first by the owners of the equity interests, which may include the Fund. Any equity interests that the Fund holds in a Structured Product will not be secured by the assets of the Structured Product or guaranteed by any party, and the Fund will rank behind all creditors of the Structured Product, including the holders of the secured notes issued by the Structured Product. Equity interests are typically subject to certain payment restrictions in the indenture governing the senior tranches. Accordingly, equity interests may not be paid in full, may be adversely impacted by defaults by a relatively small number of underlying assets held by the Structured Product and may be subject to up to 100% loss. Structured Products may be highly levered, and therefore equity interests may be subject to a higher risk of loss, including the potential for total loss. The market value of equity interests may be significantly affected by a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, changes in the market value of the collateral held by the securitization, defaults and recoveries on that collateral and other risks associated with that collateral. The leveraged nature of equity interest is likely to magnify these impacts. Equity interests typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity interests will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates. While the payments on equity interest will be variable, equity interests may not offer the same level of protection against changes in interest rates as other floating rate instruments. Equity interests are typically illiquid investments and subject to extensive transfer restrictions, and no party is under any obligation to make a market for equity interests. At times, there may be no market for equity interests, and the Fund may not be able to sell or otherwise transfer equity interests at their fair value, or at all, in the event that it determines to sell them.
Trust preferred securities risk
The risks associated with TruPS include those risks typically associated with debt securities and preferred securities, including the risk of default. Because the issuer is typically able to defer or skip payments for up to five years without being in default, distributions may not be made for extended periods of time. Holders of TruPS generally have limited voting rights to control the activities of the trust and no voting rights with respect to the parent corporation. The market for TruPS may be limited due to restrictions on resale, and the market value may be more volatile than those of conventional debt securities. Many TruPS are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by banks and other financial institutions and are not a direct obligation of banks and other financial institutions.
Uncertain tax treatment risk
Investments in below investment grade instruments and certain other investments may present special tax issues for the Fund because U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear. Although the Fund will seek to address these issues to the extent necessary to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax, no assurances can be given that the Fund will not be adversely affected as a result of such issues.
Unrated securities risk
The Fund may purchase unrated securities which are not rated by a rating agency. Unrated securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the Adviser may not accurately evaluate the securitys comparative credit rating.
20
U.S. Government securities risks
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or GSEs, including, for example, pass-through certificates issued by Ginnie Mae, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies or GSEs, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency or GSE, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies or GSEs, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. Government securities held by the Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.
Accordingly, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment that entails substantial risks, and prospective investors should invest in the Fund only if they can sustain a complete loss of their investment.
21
The following table illustrates the aggregate fees and expenses that the Fund expects to incur and that Shareholders can expect to bear directly or indirectly. The expenses shown in the table are based on estimated amounts for the Funds first full year of operations and assume that the Fund issues 5,000,000 Shares. The table below assumes that the Fund borrows money through a credit facility for investment purposes in an amount approximately equal to 33.3% of the Funds Managed Assets (after the leverage is incurred). The Funds actual expenses may vary from the estimated expenses shown in the table and, all other things being equal, will increase as a percentage of net assets attributable to Shares if the Fund issues less than 5,000,000 Shares. See Management of the Fund.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses |
|
|||
Sales load paid by Shareholders (1) |
None | |||
Offering Expenses Borne by the Fund (2) (3) |
None | |||
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan Fees (4) |
None | |||
(As a Percentage
of Average Net Assets Attributable to Shares (i.e., Common Shares)) |
||||
Annual Fund Expenses |
||||
Management Fee (5) |
2.03 | % | ||
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds (6) |
2.25 | % | ||
Other Expenses (7) |
0.34 | % | ||
|
|
|||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
4.62 | % | ||
|
|
(1) | The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, underwriting compensation of up to $0.60 per Share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering, which aggregate amount will not exceed % of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering. The Fund is not obligated to repay such underwriting compensation paid by the Adviser. |
(2) | The Adviser has agreed to pay all organizational expenses of the Fund and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Fund is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Adviser. |
(3) | The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay from its own assets, upfront structuring fees to , , and . See UnderwritingAdditional Compensation to be Paid by the Adviser and Other Relationships. The Adviser (and not the Fund) has also agreed to pay Destra for distribution assistance in connection with this offering. |
(4) | There will be no charges with respect to Shares issued directly by the Fund under the dividend reinvestment plan. However, whenever Shares are purchased or sold on the NYSE or otherwise on the open market, each participant will pay a pro rata portion of brokerage trading fees. Currently, dividend reinvestment plan participants that direct a sale of Shares through the Plan Agent are subject to a fee of $25.00 plus a sales commission of $4.95. |
(5) | The Adviser will receive a fee at an annual rate of 1.35% of the average daily value of the Funds Managed Assets. The management fee percentage calculation assumes the use of leverage by the Fund. To derive the annual management fee as a percentage of the Funds net assets (which are the Funds total assets less all of the Funds liabilities), the Funds estimated Managed Assets (approximately $150,000,000) were multiplied by the annual management fee rate and then divided by the Funds estimated net assets (approximately $100,000,000). |
(6) | Assumes the use of leverage through a credit facility in an amount equal to approximately 33.3% of the Funds Managed Assets (after the leverage is incurred), and assumes the cost of borrowings is 4.25%. The Fund intends to enter into a credit facility within twelve months after the completion of this offering. |
(7) |
Other expenses include accounting, legal and auditing fees of the Fund, fees payable to the Independent Trustees and payments by the Fund to Destra under an Investor Support Services Agreement between the Fund and |
22
Summary of fees and expenses
Destra. See Investor Support Services. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts the Fund expects to pay during the year ending January 31, 2020. |
EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Shares, assuming (1) total annual expenses of 4.62% of net assets attributable to the Shares and (2) a 5% annual return. The example assumes that the estimated Total Annual Expenses set forth in the Annual Expenses table are accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV per Share. The example does not reflect the impact of any fee waivers, see discussion of fee waivers below in Management Fee. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||
$46 |
$139 | $233 | $471 |
The example and the expenses in the tables above should not be considered a representation of the Funds future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown.
While the example assumes a 5.0% annual return, as required by the SEC, the Funds performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5.0%. For a more complete description of the various fees and expenses borne directly and indirectly by the Fund, see Fund Expenses and Management Fee.
23
The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on June 14, 2018. The Fund will have an approximate 12-year limited term unless otherwise determined by the Funds Board. As a newly organized entity, the Fund has no operating history. The Funds principal office is located at One Buckhead Plaza, 3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30305, and its telephone number is 404-953-4900.
The net proceeds of this offering of Shares will be approximately $ ($ if the Underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full). The Fund currently intends to fully invest substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering in accordance with its investment objective and policies within three months after receipt thereof. However, certain investments may be delayed up to an additional three months if suitable investments are unavailable at the time or for other reasons, such as market volatility and lack of liquidity in the markets of suitable investments.
Investment objective and strategies
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks current income with a secondary objective of total return. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund invests primarily in debt issued by financial institutions, including sub-debt, unrated debt, senior debt and high yield securities, focusing on those in the U.S. community bank sector. The Fund may also invest in common equity, preferred equity, convertible securities, warrants and TruPS of these institutions. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least a majority of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes (measured at the time of purchase) in debt securities issued by U.S. community banks. See Community Banking Sector Focus.
To a lesser extent, but up to 50% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, under normal circumstances, the Fund may also invest in similar securities of other U.S. and foreign financial services companies that are not U.S. community banks and may be of any size. These companies may include, but are not limited to, banks, thrifts, finance companies, brokerage and advisory firms, insurance companies and financial holding companies. Together with U.S. community banks, these types of companies are referred to as financial institutions.
The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of the value of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in the securities of financial institutions (measured at the time of purchase). For purposes of the Funds 80% investment policy, the Fund may invest in debt securities, including sub-debt, unrated debt, senior debt, preferred securities, high yield securities, and TruPS; equity securities, equity securities, including common equity, preferred equity, convertible securities and warrants; Structured Products (as defined herein), including community bank debt
24
Investment objective and strategies
securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations, including equity and junior debt tranches of such instruments; or derivative instruments that invest substantially all of their assets in securities issued by or are linked to, or otherwise provide investment exposure to, financial institutions. Such derivative instruments will be valued on a mark-to-market basis. The Funds 80% investment policy is not fundamental and may be changed without Shareholder approval. The Fund will provide Shareholders with 60 days notice of any change in its 80% investment policy.
The Fund also will target at least 80% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in debt issued by depository institutions, which are FDIC insured institutions that accept deposits and any holding company of such institutions, which includes community bank debt and securitizations of community bank debt. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 50% of its depository institution debt investments in debt investments rated investment grade by S&P or of equivalent quality rating by another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization, or if unrated, considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality based on the Advisers internal quantitative models. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in debt securities rated CCC+ or below by S&P or Fitch Ratings or Caa1 or below by Moodys Investors Service.
The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest no more than 30% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in securities issued by non-U.S. issuers.
The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest no more than 5% of its depository institution investments in any one depository institution.
The Funds portfolio will be deemed to be a non-diversified under the 1940 Act, meaning it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a single or limited number of issuers than a diversified fund. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will concentrate its investments ( i.e. , invest 25% or more of its total assets (measured at the time of purchase)) in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials.
The Fund may invest indirectly in securities issued by community banks and other banking-related businesses through Structured Products and credit derivatives. In particular, the Fund may invest in equity and junior debt tranches of community bank debt securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations, which are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of unsecured, subordinated loans made to, and unsecured, subordinated debentures, notes or other securities issued by, community banks or other banking-related businesses (Structured Products). The Fund may also invest in other securities and instruments that are related to these Structured Products or that the Adviser believes are consistent with the Funds investment objective, including senior debt tranches of community bank debt securitizations. These indirect investments provide exposure to and focus on the same types of direct investments that the Fund makes in community banks and banking-related businesses and, accordingly, the Funds investments in Structured Products and credit derivatives that provide exposure to community banks and other banking-related business are considered an investment in financial institutions. The Fund uses such instruments to seek to complement its overall strategy and enhance the diversity of its holdings.
The Fund does not have a policy to target a particular average maturity or duration and may invest in bonds of any maturity or duration. Maturity refers to the length of time until a bonds principal is repaid with interest. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a securitys yield, coupon, final maturity and call features, among other characteristics. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of three years, and interest rates increase (fall)
25
Investment objective and strategies
by 1%, the portfolio would decline (increase) in value by approximately 3%. However, duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of instruments held by the Fund and, therefore, the Funds exposure to changes in interest rates.
The Fund may incur leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. See Leverage. The Fund may invest in restricted securities.
Although the Fund normally seeks to invest substantially all of its assets in securities of financial institutions, the Fund reserves the ability to invest up to 20% of its assets in other types of securities and instruments (measured at the time of purchase). Additionally, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment strategy in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. If the Fund does so, it may not achieve its investment objective. The Fund may also choose not to take defensive positions.
The Fund may invest without limitation in securities ( e.g. , non-investment grade sub-debt and junior debt tranches of Structured Products) that are illiquid and expects that a substantial portion of its assets will be illiquid. The Fund may also invest in restricted securities.
COMMUNITY BANKING SECTOR FOCUS
The Fund intends to pursue its investment objective by investing principally in public and privately-held community banks located throughout the United States. The Fund generally considers a community bank to mean banks, savings associations and their holding companies with less than $10 billion in consolidated assets that serve local markets. As of December 31, 2018, the community banking sector is a highly fragmented $3.0 trillion sector, comprised of over 5,400 banks located throughout the United States, including underserved rural, semi-rural, suburban and other niche markets. Community banks typically do not have exposure to non-U.S. credit and are focused on lending to borrowers in their distinct communities. As a result, the Adviser believes that community banks frequently have a better understanding of the local businesses they finance than larger banking organizations. Many of these community banks are well established, having been in business on average for more than 75 years, and having survived many economic cycles, including the most recent financial crisis. The Fund intends to direct investments in numerous issuers differentiated by asset sizes, business models and geographies. To a lesser extent, the Fund may also invest in similar securities of U.S. and foreign financial services companies of any size. These companies may include, but are not limited to, banks, thrifts, finance companies brokerage and advisory firms, insurance companies and financial holding companies.
There are various federal statutes that regulate community banks and U.S. banking institutions in general, including, the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the Federal Reserve Act, the National Bank Act, the Home Owners Loan Act of 1933 (the HOLA), the 1933 Act, the Exchange Act, the Investment Advisers Act and the 1940 Act. These federal statutes have been amended, often materially, over the years and may continue to be amended in the future, and the consequences of such future amendments may be materially adverse to the Funds investments or the financial services industry in general. In addition to these various federal statutes, federal regulatory agencies, including among others the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the OCC), the FDIC and the CFPB, together in certain cases with state banking regulatory agencies (individually, a Regulatory Agency or, collectively, the Regulatory Agencies), have adopted regulations and guidelines which are subject to interpretation, and which continue to be amended and revised and such amendments and revisions or a change in interpretation of existing regulations or
26
Investment objective and strategies
guidelines may be materially adverse to the Funds portfolio companies or the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials in general. Much of the regulatory framework that has been developed is intended to protect depositors, the FDIC and the banking system in general and, as such, stockholders in such regulated institutions may be disadvantaged, in some cases materially, by amendments and revisions to such statutes, regulations or guidelines, or interpretations thereof, or by the enforcement of such statutes and regulations by Regulatory Agencies.
MARKET OPPORTUNITY
In the wake of the recent economic recession, the banking system underwent a transformation in which banks became more stable due to higher capital requirements and increased regulatory oversight. The community banking space was one of the worst hit sectors during the crisis. Several hundred banks failed and many others were forced to merge into larger or stronger banks. Since then, the regulatory agencies have worked hard to strengthen the community banking sector to prevent the same thing from occurring again. Increased capital requirements, stricter underwriting standards, and enhanced regulatory oversight are just a few examples of how the community banking sector has changed in the past decade. In contrast to the broader corporate sector, where leverage has steadily increased to record levels, the banking sector as of December 31, 2018 has increased equity capital by more than a third since 2007.
Although prior to the financial crisis bank default rates were relatively low, the Adviser believes that banks in the wake of the financial crisis and continuing today are potentially more stable due to higher capital buffers, increased regulatory oversight and scrutiny, and enhanced loan underwriting standards.
At the same time as banks became more stable, there was significant consolidation in the banking industry, and the number of FDIC insured financial institutions in the U.S. has continued to decline. The number of commercial banks in the United States has been steadily declining for decades, and this trend is expected to continue given the many incentives that exist for community banks to acquire or merge with other institutions. Larger banks have continued to acquire smaller banks in an effort to boost profitability over the past few years. Economies of scale may be realized by larger institutions, which generally result in lower cost structures and improved efficiency ratios. Many smaller banks have found that the substantial increases in compliance costs associated with Dodd-Frank and other regulatory requirements have severely diminished the value of their business model.
Consequently, many of these banks are not meeting earnings targets and are up for sale. Acquirers are usually larger institutions, healthy enough to receive the necessary regulatory approval to engage in merger or acquisition activity.
This industry consolidation generally has had a favorable impact on the value of community bank sub-debt, especially those debt securities issued by smaller institutions, which tend to be acquired by larger and stronger banks. In most merger/acquisition scenarios the acquirer assumes the liabilities and continues to service any outstanding debt of the acquired institution. The outcome is often an upgrade in the overall perceived credit quality of the debt, leading to price appreciation. The Adviser believes the need for scale in the banking industry will drive further consolidation.
Going forward, the potential for less regulation of banks in the long term and higher interest rates in the near term could have a positive impact on bank earnings, especially for regional and community banks. Regulatory relief in the community banking sector would bring cost savings and enhanced efficiencies.
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Investment objective and strategies
Furthermore, as interest rates rise, a banks assets, particularly the assets of smaller banks, tend to reprice upward faster than its liabilities, resulting in an increased net interest margin. The Adviser believes that these factors may contribute to further spread tightening on sub-debt in the future.
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
The primary market for new debt issuance for depository financial institutions is about $100 billion annually. New issuance for banks with less than $30 billion in assets, the segment the Adviser finds most attractive, is expected by the Adviser to reach approximately $3 to $5 billion in 2019. The Adviser believes it can find attractive opportunities in banks at the smaller end of the asset size spectrum that are issuing unrated debt. Community bank sub-debt typically provides a high relative coupon.
Community banks are looking to raise capital to fund organic growth, potential consolidation activity, and refinance legacy government programs such as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and the Small Business Lending Fund (SBLF). Prior to the financial crisis (2000-07), community banks issued $70 billion in TruPS to meet capital requirements for growth and general corporate purposes. Following the financial crisis, Dodd-Frank limited bank holding companies ability to use TruPS and other hybrid capital instruments and placed restrictions on TruPS being considered Tier 1 capital. Bank sub-debt is considered Tier 2 capital, but most community banks do not have senior debt. During and after the financial crisis, many community banks issued debt to the U.S. Treasury in the TARP and SBLF programs. Now, most community bank TARP and SBLF issuances are beginning to reset to higher rates, incentivizing community banks to refinance.
The Adviser believes there is an opportunity to identify community bank securities that will provide compelling risk-adjusted returns on an absolute basis. In addition, the Adviser believes these investments have the potential to provide returns that are more attractive relative to other opportunities in corporate credit.
Unrated debt securities, in particular sub-debt, in which the Fund expects to focus its investments are typically issued by banks at the smaller end of the asset size spectrum. The Adviser believes there is an opportunity for capital appreciation on unrated deals because the lack of coverage and ratings from the rating agencies creates an opportunity for excess risk-adjusted spread. Smaller banks tend to have less complex business models and can generally focus on lending in their communities as opposed to being involved in various noncore activities or lending outside of their footprint. The Adviser also believes the potential exists to utilize reverse inquiry to gain access to attractive opportunities under the radar of major dealers and other investors in the space.
The Adviser believes its strong reputation and the deep relationships it has and individual members of its investment team have with issuers, underwriters, financial intermediaries and sponsors will support the Advisers execution of its business strategy. This segment of the finance sector is typically very difficult for retail investors to access. The dislocation in the space may result in higher returns.
THE INVESTMENT PROCESS
Idea generation
The Advisers portfolio managers utilize various data sources to generate investment ideas. Most of the idea generation and sourcing of potential alpha opportunities is driven by internal research and analysis (alpha refers to excess returns relative to a benchmark). In addition, portfolio managers and
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Investment objective and strategies
analysts regularly monitor market conditions, trade flows and trade execution. Active market participation provides a strong understanding of current market trends, which leads to formation of immediate views on the relative value of investment opportunities within the structured fixed income markets, thus generating new investment ideas in real time.
Angel Oaks investment committee meets frequently to discuss strategies in the context of current market events and their impact on the Fund, and existing approaches to each strategy are affirmed or altered based on these discussions. The Adviser makes its investment decisions based on its view of macroeconomic (i.e. , large-scale, economy-wide) trends as well as by identifying opportunities in the capital markets it believes are providing the greatest relative value.
Research
The Adviser uses a combination of proprietary fundamental and quantitative research to analyze opportunities. Fundamental analysis involves evaluating the value of an instrument based on the issuers financial profile, management and other considerations, while quantitative analysis refers to a data-oriented analysis of financial information, market trends and other factors. This discipline is conducted from a bottom-up ( i.e. opportunity-by-opportunity) perspective. The research teams risk modeling analysis provides a granular focus on seeking to mitigate credit risk.
Scenario analysis is conducted to help portfolio managers understand how an individual security would perform under a range of economic and capital market conditions. Scenario analysis is completed by applying multiple interest rate, credit and cash flow assumptions. Once the critical factors for individual security selection have been evaluated, a recommendation is made. The Adviser also makes use of various third-party analytical systems and uses proprietary models to confirm or eliminate results of non-proprietary models. Portfolio managers and analysts merge the outputs of these analytical models with their own views on future market and economic conditions to generate more qualified pre-purchase assumptions.
Portfolio construction
The Adviser will construct the portfolio investments in two ways. First, the Adviser will participate in the primary market via a syndicated transaction brought to market by a broker/dealer specializing in the banking sector. These deals have the potential to trade for higher prices in the secondary market and may allow the Fund to generate secondary trading profits. Second, the Adviser will source transactions in the secondary market. Although this may be infrequent, the Adviser believes it is well suited to take advantage of opportunities in the secondary market.
The Adviser will use fundamental analysis based on publicly available information to refine the pipeline of potential issuers. The Adviser will look for healthy, well capitalized institutions with a history of sound performance. The Adviser is not interested in banks that are attempting to fill a capital hole or address their asset quality challenges. Rather, the Adviser will look for those well capitalized institutions where capital can be utilized strategically.
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Investment objective and strategies
PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION
The Funds portfolio will consist primarily of:
Subordinated debt, senior debt and preferred securities of banks and diversified financial companies
Subordinated debt securities, sometimes also called junior debt, are debt securities for which the issuers obligations to make principal and interest payment are secondary to the issuers payment obligations to more senior debt securities. Such investments will consist primarily of debt issued by community banks or savings institutions (or their holding companies), which are subordinated to senior debt issued by the banks and deposits held by the bank, but are senior to trust preferred obligations, preferred stock and common stock issued by the bank. Many subordinated debt securities may be unrated and some may be considered high-yield securities or junk bonds. See High Yield Securities. Preferred securities may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return and are subject to many of the risks associated with debt securities, as well as issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. A companys preferred securities generally pay dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt.
Community bank subordinated debt securities and Structured Products collateralized by such securities typically have floating or variable interest rates based on the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or may have a fixed coupon for a period of years and then convert to a floating rate, and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to LIBOR, including the risks associated with the future replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate. See RisksLIBOR Risk.
High yield securities
The Fund may invest up to 50% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in below investment grade securities, including certain securities issued by U.S. community banks and other financial institutions. These high-yield securities (also known as junk bonds) will generally be rated BB or lower by S&P or will be of equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization, or if unrated, considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. There is no minimum credit quality for securities in which the Fund may invest, provided that not more than 15% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes may be invested in debt securities rated CCC+ or below by S&P or Fitch Ratings or Caa1 or below by Moodys Investors Service.
Structured Products
The Fund may invest in certain Structured Products, including community bank debt securitizations. The risks of an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the Structured Product in which the Fund invests. Some Structured Products have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, Structured Products are privately offered and sold (that is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for Structured Products that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal interest rate, default and other risks of fixed income securities, Structured Products carry additional risks, including the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments, the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default, the Fund may invest in Structured Products that are subordinate to other classes, values may
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Investment objective and strategies
be volatile and disputes with the issuer may produce unexpected investment results. The senior and junior tranches of Structured Products collateralized by community bank debt securitizations typically have floating or variable interest rates based on LIBOR and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to LIBOR, including the risks associated with the future replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate. See RisksLIBOR Risk.
Subordinated/equity tranches of Structured Products. The Fund may also invest in the equity tranches of a Structured Product, which typically represent the first loss position in the Structured Product, are unrated and are subject to higher risks. Equity tranches of Structured Products typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity tranches will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates based on LIBOR.
Derivatives
Derivatives, which are instruments that have a value based on another instrument, exchange rate or index, may be used as substitutes for securities in which the Fund can invest. The Fund uses derivatives to gain or adjust exposure to markets, sectors, securities and currencies and to manage exposure to risks relating to creditworthiness, interest rate spreads, volatility and changes in yield curves. In certain market environments, the Fund may use interest rate swaps and futures contracts to help protect its portfolio from interest rate risk. The Fund may also invest in swaps, including total return swaps and credit default swaps, options and warrants. The Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest no more than 25% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in derivative instruments, excluding derivative instruments used for hedging purposes.
International securities
The Fund may invest up to 30% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in the securities of non-U.S. issuers, including direct investments in companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets. The Fund intends to invest in securities of companies in developed markets. The Fund is not limited in the amount of assets it may invest in such international securities.
Convertible securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities which are preferred stocks or bonds that pay a fixed dividend or interest payment and are convertible into common stock or other equity interests at a specified price or conversion ratio during a specified period.
Common and preferred stock
The Fund may invest in common stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a companys stock price. The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a
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Investment objective and strategies
company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
Trust preferred securities
The Fund may invest in TruPS, which are securities that are typically issued by banks and other financial institutions that combine the features of corporate debt securities and preferred securities as well as certain features of equity securities. TruPS are typically issued by banks and other financial institutions, generally in the form of interest bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated business trust, generally in the form of beneficial interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. Many TruPS are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by banks and other financial institutions and are not a direct obligation of those banks and other financial institutions. The TruPS market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates. TruPS are typically issued with a final maturity date, although some (usually those of foreign issuers) are perpetual in nature. TruPS are typically junior and fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer and benefit from a guarantee that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor. In addition, TruPS typically permit an issuer to defer the payment of income for five years or more without triggering an event of default. Because of their subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer the ability to defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on the TruPS have not been made), TruPS are often deemed to be a close substitute for traditional preferred securities. TruPS also possess many of the typical characteristics of equity securities due to their subordinated position in an issuers capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the issuers profitability as opposed to any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows.
The Fund may use leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Initially, the Fund expects to use leverage through borrowings from certain financial institutions or reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e. , a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and leverage generated by reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions or derivatives that have the effect of leverage in an aggregate amount up to 40% of the Funds Managed Assets, including any assets purchased with borrowed money, immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund intends to enter into a credit facility within twelve months after the completion of this offering. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may use different types, combinations or amounts of leverage over time, based on the Advisers views concerning market conditions and investment opportunities. The Funds strategies relating to its use of leverage may not be successful, and the Funds use of leverage will cause the Funds NAV to be more volatile than it would otherwise be. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will leverage its assets or, to the extent the Fund does utilize leverage, what percentage of its assets such leverage will represent.
See RisksLeverage Risk.
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Leverage
CREDIT FACILITY
The Fund may enter into definitive agreements with respect to a credit facility in an aggregate amount up to 33 1/3% of the Funds Managed Assets immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund intends to enter into a credit facility within twelve months after the completion of this offering. See Description of Capital StructureCredit Facility.
ISSUANCE OF PREFERRED SHARES
Although the Fund is permitted, under the 1940 Act, to issue preferred shares (assuming no other senior security (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) is issued) in an amount equal to 50% of the value of the Funds total assets less liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act), the Fund does not intend to issue preferred shares during its first twelve months of operations. Any preferred shares issued by the Fund would have complete priority upon distribution of assets over the Shares. The issuance of preferred shares will leverage the Shares. The preferred shares may pay dividends at a fixed rate or at adjustable rates based on shorter-term interest rates, which would be determined periodically by an auction or remarketing process or formula. The adjustment period for preferred share dividends could be as short as one day or as long as a year or more. So long as the Funds portfolio is invested in securities that provide a higher rate of return than the dividend rate of the preferred shares, after taking expenses into consideration, the use of leverage will result in a higher rate of income than if the Fund were not leveraged. If the dividend rate of the preferred shares exceeds the rate of return on the Funds portfolio after taking expenses into consideration, the use of leverage will result in a lower rate of income than if the Fund were not leveraged.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Funds total assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness of the Fund not represented by senior securities (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act), is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (assuming no other senior security (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) is issued). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Funds total assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness of the Fund not represented by senior securities (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act), is at least 300% of the aggregate amount of such securities representing indebtedness and at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (assuming no other senior security (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) is issued). If preferred shares are issued, the Fund intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem preferred shares from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain coverage of any preferred shares of at least 200%. In addition, to the extent the Fund obtains ratings on the preferred shares, the terms of any preferred shares issued would be expected to include asset coverage maintenance provisions which will require a reduction of indebtedness or the redemption of the preferred shares in the event of non-compliance by the Fund and may also prohibit dividends and other distributions on the Shares in such circumstances. In order to meet redemption requirements, the Fund may have to liquidate portfolio securities. Such liquidations and redemptions, or reductions in indebtedness, would cause the Fund to incur related transaction costs and could result in capital losses to the Fund.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
Reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowings by the Fund under the 1940 Act. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements that involve the sale of securities held by the Fund to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, with an agreement that the Fund will repurchase the
33
Leverage
securities at an agreed upon price and date. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities to be purchased by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities, or that the other party may default on its obligation, so that the Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will segregate, and maintain, liquid assets having a dollar value equal to the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Funds obligations to repurchase the securities.
DERIVATIVES
In addition, the Fund may engage in certain derivatives transactions that have economic characteristics similar to leverage. To the extent the terms of such transactions obligate the Fund to make payments, the Fund intends to earmark or segregate cash or liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the current value of the amount then payable by the Fund under the terms of such transactions or otherwise cover such transactions in accordance with applicable interpretations of the staff of the SEC. As a result of such segregation or cover, the Funds obligations under such transactions will not be considered indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act, including the asset coverage requirements applicable to indebtedness under the 1940 Act, but the leverage effect of such transactions will be treated as portfolio leverage subject to the Funds policy not to use leverage in excess of 40% of its Managed Assets. To the extent that the Funds obligations under such transactions are not so segregated or covered, such obligations may be considered senior securities representing indebtedness under the 1940 Act and therefore subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement. The Funds calculation of its portfolio leverage includes leverage incurred by the Fund through portfolio transactions (reverse repurchase agreements or derivatives, such as swaps, futures or forward contracts), that have the effect of leverage. For the avoidance of doubt, the Funds calculation of its portfolio leverage does not include the leveraged nature of credit instruments, such as structured credit instruments, in which the Fund invests.
EFFECTS OF LEVERAGE
Assuming the utilization of leverage through borrowings of approximately 33.3% of the Funds Managed Assets, at an interest rate of 4.25% payable on such borrowings, the income generated by the Funds portfolio (net of non-leverage expenses) must exceed 2.13% in order to cover such interest payments and other expenses specifically related to borrowings. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates, used for illustration. Actual interest rates may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of securities held in the Funds portfolio) of 10%, 5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Fund. See Risks. The table further reflects the use of borrowings representing 33.3% of the Funds Managed Assets, net of expenses, and the Funds currently projected annual interest rate on its leverage of 4.50%.
Assumed Portfolio Total Return (Net of Expenses) |
(10 | )% | (5 | )% | 0 | % | 5 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||
Share Total Return |
(17.25 | )% | (9.75 | )% | (2.25 | )% | 5.25 | % | 12.75 | % |
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Leverage
Share Total Return is composed of two elements: the Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying interest on its leverage) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table above assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0% the Fund must assume that the interest it receives on its portfolio investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments.
Investors should carefully consider the risk factors described below before deciding on whether to make an investment in the Fund.
PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Banks and diversified financials concentration risk
Companies in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials are often subject to extensive governmental regulation and intervention, which may adversely affect the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must maintain. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the industries as a whole cannot be predicted. The Funds emphasis on community banks may make the Fund more economically vulnerable in the event of a downturn in the banking industry. Community banks may face heightened risks of failure during times of economic downturns than larger banks. Community banks may also be subject to greater lending risks than larger banks.
Certain risks may impact the value of investments in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials more severely than those of investments outside these industries, including the risks associated with companies that operate with substantial financial leverage. Companies in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials may also be adversely affected by increases in interest rates and loan losses, decreases in the availability of money or asset valuations, credit rating downgrades and adverse conditions in other related markets.
Insurance companies, in particular, may be subject to severe price competition and/or rate regulation, which may have an adverse impact on their profitability. Insurance companies are subject to extensive government regulation in some countries and can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, price and marketing competition, the imposition of premium rate caps or other changes in government regulation or tax law. Different segments of the insurance industry can be significantly affected by mortality and morbidity rates, environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.
During the financial crisis that began in 2007, the deterioration of the credit markets impacted a broad range of mortgage, asset-backed, auction rate, sovereign debt and other markets, including U.S. and non-U.S. credit and interbank money markets, thereby affecting a wide range of financial institutions and markets. A number of large financial institutions failed during that time, merged with stronger institutions or had significant government infusions of capital. Instability in the financial markets caused certain financial companies to incur large losses. Some financial companies experienced declines in the
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Risks
valuations of their assets, took actions to raise capital (such as the issuance of debt or equity securities), or even ceased operations. Some financial companies borrowed significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government-imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. Those actions caused the securities of many financial companies to decline in value.
The group of industries related to banks and diversified financials is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology failures have become increasingly frequent and have caused significant losses.
Risks specific to the bank and diversified financial group of industries also may include:
Asset quality and credit risk. When financial institutions loan money, commit to loan money or enter into a letter of credit or other contract with a counterparty, they incur credit risk, or the risk of losses if their borrowers do not repay their loans or their counterparties fail to perform according to the terms of their contract. The companies in which the Fund will invest offer a number of products which expose them to credit risk, including loans, leases and lending commitments, derivatives, trading account assets and assets held-for-sale. Financial institutions allow for and create loss reserves against credit risks based on an assessment of credit losses inherent in their credit exposure (including unfunded credit commitments). This process, which is critical to their financial results and condition, requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments, including forecasts of economic conditions and how these economic predictions might impair the ability of their borrowers to repay their loans. As is the case with any such assessments, there is always the chance that the financial institutions in which the Fund invests will fail to identify the proper factors or that they will fail to accurately estimate the impacts of factors that they identify. Failure to identify credit risk factors or the impact of credit factors may result in increased non-performing assets, which will result in increased loss reserve provisioning and reduction in earnings. Poor asset quality can also affect earnings through reduced interest income which can impair a banks ability to service debt obligations or to generate sufficient income for equity holders. Bank failure may result due to inadequate loss reserves, inadequate capital to sustain credit losses or reduced earnings due to non-performing assets. The Fund will not have control over the asset quality of the financial institutions in which the Fund will invest, and these institutions may experience substantial increases in the level of their non-performing assets which may have a material adverse impact on the Funds investments.
Capital risk. A banks capital position is extremely important to its overall financial condition and serves as a cushion against losses. U.S. banking regulators have established specific capital requirements for regulated banks. Federal banking regulators proposed amended regulatory capital regulations in response to the Dodd-Frank Act and the international capital and liquidity requirements set forth by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel III) protocols which would impose even more stringent capital requirements. In the event that a regulated bank falls below certain capital adequacy standards, it may become subject to regulatory intervention including, but not limited to, being placed into a FDIC-administered receivership or conservatorship. The regulatory provisions under which the regulatory authorities act are intended to protect depositors. The deposit insurance fund and the banking system are not intended to protect stockholders or other investors in other securities issued by a bank or its holding company. The effect of inadequate capital can have a potentially adverse consequence on the institutions financial condition, its ability to operate as a going concern and its ability to operate as a regulated financial institution and may have a material adverse impact on the Funds investments.
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Risks
Earnings risk. Earnings are the primary means for financial institutions to generate capital to support asset growth, to provide for loan losses and to support their ability to pay dividends to stockholders. The quantity as well as the quality of earnings can be affected by excessive or inadequately managed credit risk that may result in losses and require additions to loss reserves, or by high levels of market risk that may unduly expose an institutions earnings to volatility in interest rates. The quality of earnings may also be diminished by undue reliance on extraordinary gains, nonrecurring events, or favorable tax effects. Future earnings may be adversely affected by an inability to forecast or control funding and operating expenses, net interest margin compression improperly executed or ill-advised business strategies, or poorly managed or uncontrolled exposure to other risks. Deficient earnings can result in inadequate capital resources to support asset growth or insufficient cash flow to meet the financial institutions near term obligations. Under certain circumstances, this may result in the financial institution being required to suspend operations or the imposition of a cease-and-desist order by regulators which could potentially impair the Funds investments.
Management risk. The ability of management to identify, measure, monitor and control the risks of an institutions activities and to ensure a financial institutions safe, sound and efficient operation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations are critical. Depending on the nature and scope of an institutions activities, management practices may need to address some or all of the following risks: credit, market, operating, reputation, strategic, compliance, legal, liquidity and other risks. The Fund will not have direct or indirect control over the management of the financial institutions in which the Fund will invest and, given the Funds long-term investment strategy, it is likely that the management teams and their policies may change. The inability of management to operate their financial institution in a safe, sound and efficient manner in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, or changes in management of financial institutions in which the Fund invests, may have an adverse impact on the Funds investment.
Litigation risk. Financial institutions face significant legal risks in their businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain high. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against the companies in which the Fund invests could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to these companies, which in turn could seriously harm their business prospects. Legal liability or regulatory action against the companies in which the Fund invests could have material adverse financial effects on the Fund and adversely affect the Funds earnings and book value.
Market risk. The financial institutions in which the Fund will invest are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with the operations and activities including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, trading account assets and liabilities and derivatives of the financial institutions in which the Fund will invest. Market risk includes, but is not limited to, fluctuations in interest rates, equity and futures prices, changes in the implied volatility of interest rates, equity and futures prices and price deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual credit quality of the issuer. Accordingly, depending on the instruments or activities impacted, market risks can have wide ranging, complex adverse effects on the operations and overall financial condition of the financial institutions in which the Fund will invest as well as adverse effects on the Funds results from operations and overall financial condition.
Monetary policy risk. Monetary policies have had, and will continue to have, significant effects on the operations and results of financial institutions. There can be no assurance that a particular financial
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Risks
institution will not experience a material adverse effect on its net interest income in a changing interest rate environment. Factors such as the liquidity of the global financial markets, and the availability and cost of credit may significantly affect the activity levels of customers with respect to the size, number and timing of transactions. Fluctuation in interest rates, which affect the value of assets and the cost of funding liabilities, are not predictable or controllable, may vary and may impact economic activity in various regions.
Competition. The group of industries related to banks and diversified financials, including the banking sector, is extremely competitive, and it is expected that the competitive pressures will increase. Merger activity in the financial services industry has resulted in and is expected to continue to result in, larger institutions with greater financial and other resources that are capable of offering a wider array of financial products and services. The group of industries related to banks and diversified financials has become considerably more concentrated as numerous financial institutions have been acquired by or merged into other institutions. The majority of financial institutions in which the Fund will invest will be relatively small with significantly fewer resources and capabilities than larger institutions; this size differential puts them at a competitive disadvantage in terms of product offering and access to capital. Technological advances and the growth of e-commerce have made it possible for non-financial institutions and non-bank financial institutions to offer products and services that have traditionally been offered by banking and other financial institutions. It is expected that the cross-industry competition and inter-industry competition will continue to intensify and may be adverse to the financial institutions in which the Fund invests.
Regulatory risk. Financial institutions, including community banks, are subject to various state and federal banking regulations that impact how they conduct business, including but not limited to how they obtain funding, their ability to operate and the value of the Funds investments. Changes to these regulations could have an adverse effect on their operations and operating results and the Funds investments. The Fund expects to make long-term investments in financial institutions that are subject to various state and federal regulations and oversight. Congress, state legislatures and the various bank regulatory agencies frequently introduce proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the banking industry in response to the Dodd-Frank Act, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the CFPB) rulemaking or otherwise. The likelihood and timing of any proposals or legislation and the impact they might have on the Funds investments in financial institutions affected by such changes cannot be determined and any such changes may be adverse to the Funds investments. Ownership of the stock of certain types of regulated banking institutions may subject the Fund to additional regulations. Investments in banking institutions and transactions related to the Funds investments may require approval from one or more regulatory authorities. If the Fund were deemed to be a bank holding company or thrift holding company, bank holding companies or thrift holding companies that invest in the Fund would be subject to certain restrictions and regulations.
Closed-end fund risks
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company and designed primarily for long-term investors. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Shares of the Fund may trade at a discount the Funds NAV. See RisksMarket Discount Risk.
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Risks
Conflicts of interest risk
There are significant and potential conflicts of interest that could impact the Funds investment returns, including the potential for portfolio managers to devote unequal time and attention to the management of the Fund and any other accounts managed; identify a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one client; and acquire material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from trading in certain potential investments. While the Fund generally may not purchase Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates directly from the issuer thereof, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, purchase Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates from third parties in secondary market transactions. The Fund does not currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored by the Adviser or an affiliate; however, to the extent the Fund does, it will do so only as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. To the extent that the Fund holds Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates, or holds Structured Products in which the Adviser or its affiliates also hold interests, certain conflicts of interest may arise. The Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the interests. Additionally, because the amount of fees paid to the Adviser for its services is based on Managed Assets, the fees paid to the Adviser will be higher if the Fund uses leverage, which may create an incentive for the Adviser to leverage the Fund or increase the Funds use of leverage.
Convertible securities risk
The Fund may invest in convertible securities which are preferred stocks or bonds that pay a fixed dividend or interest payment and are convertible into common stock or other equity interests at a specified price or conversion ratio during a specified period. Although convertible bonds, convertible preferred stocks and other securities convertible into equity securities may have some attributes of income securities or debt securities, the Fund generally treats such securities as equity securities. By investing in convertible securities, the Fund may seek income, and may also seek the opportunity, through the conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock or other interests into which the securities are convertible, while potentially earning a higher fixed rate of return than is ordinarily available in common stocks. While the value of convertible securities depends in part on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuers, the value of these securities will also change based on changes in the value of the underlying stock. Income paid by a convertible security may provide a limited cushion against a decline in the price of the security; however, convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stocks. Also, convertible bonds generally pay less income than non-convertible bonds.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that securities owned by the Fund will decline in value or the issuer of a security owned by the Fund will not be able to make interest or principal payments on the security when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial circumstances. Certain investments may be exposed to the credit risk of the counterparties with whom the Fund deals.
Derivatives risks
The Funds derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying asset, rate or index, which creates the possibility that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying asset, rate or index; the loss
39
Risks
of principal; the possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding, or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund may invest may, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Adviser to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Funds derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain.
The derivative instruments and techniques that the Fund may principally use include:
Futures. A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Funds initial investment in such contracts.
Options. If the Fund buys an option, it buys a legal contract giving it the right to buy or sell a specific amount of the underlying instrument or futures contract on the underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium paid by the Fund. If the Fund sells an option, it sells to another person the right to buy from or sell to the Fund a specific amount of the underlying instrument or futures contract on the underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium received by the Fund. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived option transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. The prices of options can be highly volatile and the use of options can lower total returns.
Swaps. A swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. Most swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the payments are made on a net basis ( i.e. , the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Funds obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. Swap agreements are particularly subject to counterparty credit, liquidity, valuation, correlation and leverage risk. Certain standardized swaps are now subject to mandatory central clearing requirements and others are now required to be exchange-traded. While central
40
Risks
clearing and exchange-trading are intended to reduce counterparty and liquidity risk, they do not make swap transactions risk-free. Swaps could result in losses if interest rate or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality changes are not correctly anticipated by the Fund or if the reference index, security or investments do not perform as expected. The Funds use of swaps may include those based on the credit of an underlying security, commonly referred to as credit default swaps. Where the Fund is the buyer of a credit default swap contract, it would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract only in the event of a default or similar event by a third party on the debt obligation. If no default occurs, the Fund would have paid to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract and received no benefit from the contract. When the Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay an amount equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation upon the default or similar event of that obligation. The use of credit default swaps can result in losses if the Funds assumptions regarding the creditworthiness of the underlying obligation prove to be incorrect. The Fund will cover its swap positions by segregating an amount of cash and/or liquid securities as required by the 1940 Act and applicable SEC interpretations and guidance from time to time. In cases where the Fund is the writer, or seller, of a swap agreement, the segregated amount will be equal to the full, un-netted amount of the Funds contractual obligation (the notional amount).
Distributions risk
The Funds distributions may include a return of capital, thus reducing a Shareholders cost basis in his or her Fund Shares and reducing the amount of capital available to the Fund for investment and likely increasing the Funds expense ratio. A Shareholder who receives a capital distribution may be subject to tax even though the Shareholder has experienced a net loss on his or her investment in the Fund. Shareholders who periodically receive payment of a distribution consisting of a return of capital may be under the impression that they are receiving net income or profits when they are not. A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net income or profit.
Equity risk
The Funds investments in equity securities may subject the Fund to volatility and the following risks: (i) prices of stock may fall over short or extended periods of time; (ii) cyclical movements of the equity market may cause the value of the Funds securities to fluctuate drastically from day to day; and (iii) individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and or economic trends and developments.
In general, stock values are affected by activities specific to the company as well as general market, economic and political conditions. The NAV of the Fund and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio securities. The market value of securities in which the Fund invests is based upon the markets perception of value and is not necessarily an objective measure of the securities value. Other general market risks include: (i) the market may not recognize what the Adviser believes to be the true value or growth potential of the stocks held by the Fund; (ii) the earnings of the companies in which the Fund invests will not continue to grow at expected rates, thus causing the price of the underlying stocks to decline; (iii) the smaller a companys market capitalization, the greater the potential for price fluctuations and volatility of its stock due to lower trading volume for the stock, less publicly available information about the company and less liquidity in the market for the stock; (iv) the potential for price fluctuations in the stock of a medium capitalization company may be greater than that of a large capitalization company; (v) the Advisers judgment as to the growth potential or value of a stock may prove to be wrong; and (vi) a decline in investor demand for the stocks held by the Fund also may adversely affect the value of the securities.
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Risks
Extension risk
Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.
Fixed-income instruments risks
Changes in interest rates generally will cause the value of fixed-income instruments held by the Fund to vary inversely to such changes. Prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed income instruments as interest rates change. In addition, a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a securitys yield, coupon, final maturity and call features, among other characteristics. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of three years, and interest rates increase (fall) by 1%, the portfolio would decline (increase) in value by approximately 3%. However, duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of instruments held by a fund and, therefore, the Funds exposure to changes in interest rates. A fund with a negative average portfolio duration may increase in value when interest rates rise, and generally incurs a loss when interest rates decline. If an issuer calls or redeems an instrument held by a fund during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might need to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore may not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates.
Fixed-income instruments that are fixed-rate are generally more susceptible than floating rate instruments to price volatility related to changes in prevailing interest rates. The prices of floating rate fixed-income instruments tend to have less fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates, but will have some fluctuation, particularly when the next interest rate adjustment on such security is further away in time or adjustments are limited in amount over time. The Fund may invest in short-term securities that, when interest rates decline, affect the Funds yield as these securities mature or are sold and the Fund purchases new short-term securities with lower yields. Subordinated debt securities that receive payments of interest and principal after other more senior security holders are paid carry the risk that the issuer will not be able to meet its obligations and that the subordinated investments may lose value. An obligors willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner may be affected by its cash flow.
Floating or variable rate securities risk
Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates (such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as comparable market interest rates. Conversely, floating or variable rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. The impact of interest rate changes on floating or variable rate securities is typically mitigated by the periodic interest rate reset of the investments. Floating or variable rate securities can be rated below investment grade or unrated; therefore, the Fund relies heavily on the analytical ability of the Adviser. Lower-rated floating or variable rate securities are subject to many of the same risks as high yield securities, although these risks are reduced when the instruments are senior and secured as opposed to many high yield securities that are junior and unsecured. Floating or variable rate securities are often subject to restrictions on resale, which can result in reduced liquidity.
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Risks
General market risk
The NAV of the Fund and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio securities. The market value of securities in which the Fund invests is based upon the markets perception of value and is not necessarily an objective measure of the securities value. Other general market risks include: (i) the market may not recognize what the Adviser believes to be the true value or growth potential of the securities held by the Fund; (ii) the earnings of the companies in which the Fund invests will not continue to grow at expected rates, thus causing the price of the underlying securities to decline; (iii) the smaller a companys market capitalization, the greater the potential for price fluctuations and volatility of its securities due to lower trading volume for the stock, less publicly available information about the company and less liquidity in the market for the stock; (iv) the potential for price fluctuations in the securities of a medium capitalization company may be greater than that of a large capitalization company; (v) the Advisers judgment as to the growth potential or value of a security may prove to be wrong; and (vi) a decline in investor demand for the securities held by the Fund also may adversely affect the value of the securities.
High-yield securities risks
Below investment grade instruments are commonly referred to as junk or high-yield instruments and are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Lower grade instruments may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is likely that a prolonged or deepening economic recession could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such instruments to repay principal and pay interest thereon, increase the incidence of default for such instruments and severely disrupt the market value of such instruments. There is no minimum credit quality for securities in which the Fund may invest, provided that not more than 15% of the Funds net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes may be invested in debt securities rated CCC+ or below by S&P or Fitch Ratings or Caa1 or below by Moodys Investors Service.
Lower grade instruments, though higher yielding, are characterized by higher risk. The retail secondary market for lower grade instruments, which are often thinly traded or subject to irregular trading, may be less liquid than that for higher rated instruments. Such instruments can be more difficult to sell and to value than higher rated instruments because there is generally less public information available about such securities. As a result, subjective judgment may play a greater role in valuing such instruments. Adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain instruments or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Funds NAV. Because of the substantial risks associated with investments in lower grade instruments, investors could lose money on their investment in the Fund, both in the short-term and the long-term.
Illiquid securities risks
It is expected that a substantial portion of the securities and instruments in which the Fund invests will not trade on any exchange and will be illiquid. The Fund may also invest in restricted securities. Investments in restricted securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Funds assets invested in illiquid securities if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase these securities.
Illiquid and restricted securities may be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid and restricted securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which may adversely affect the price that the Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of such securities. Illiquid and restricted securities are also more difficult to value,
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Risks
especially in challenging markets. The Advisers judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of the Funds assets in illiquid and restricted securities may restrict the Funds ability to take advantage of market opportunities. To dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered, thereby enabling the Fund to sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the securities. In either case, the Fund would bear market risks during that period. Liquidity risk may impact the Funds ability to meet Shareholder repurchase requests and as a result, the Fund may be forced to sell securities at inopportune prices.
Certain fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. Fixed-income instruments may not be listed on any national securities exchange and no active trading market may exist for certain of the fixed-income instruments in which the Fund will invest. Where a secondary market exists, the market for some fixed-income instruments may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. In addition, dealer inventories of certain securities are at historic lows in relation to market size, which indicates a potential for reduced liquidity as dealers may be less able to make markets for certain fixed-income securities. Certain Structured Products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. Structured products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in Structured Products may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities.
Interest rate risk
Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.
International securities risks
Certain foreign countries may impose exchange control regulations, restrictions on repatriation of profit on investments or of capital invested, local taxes on investments and restrictions on the ability of issuers of non-U.S. securities to make payments of principal and interest to investors located outside the country, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, including seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the imposition of economic sanctions, different legal systems and laws relating to bankruptcy and creditors rights and the potential inability to enforce legal judgments, all of which could cause the Fund to lose money on its investments in non-U.S. securities. The cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates, as many external debt obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international interest rates. Because non-U.S. securities may trade on days when the Funds Shares are not priced, NAV may change at times when the Funds Shares cannot be sold.
Foreign banks and securities depositories at which the Fund holds its international securities and cash may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business and may be subject to only limited or no regulatory oversight. Additionally, many foreign governments do not supervise and regulate stock
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Risks
exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities to the same extent as does the United States and may not have laws to protect investors that are comparable to U.S. securities laws. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets may result in delays in payment for or delivery of securities not typically associated with settlement and clearance of U.S. investments.
Less information may be publicly available with respect to foreign issuers than is available with respect to U.S. companies. Accounting standards in non-U.S. countries may differ from U.S. accounting standards. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be more difficult to completely and accurately assess a companys financial condition.
The volume of transactions on foreign stock exchanges is generally lower than the volume of transactions on U.S. exchanges. Therefore, the market for securities that trade on foreign stock exchanges may be less liquid and their prices may be more volatile than securities that trade on U.S. securities. In recent years, the European financial markets have experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns in, or rising government debt levels of, several European countries. These events may spread to other countries in Europe, including countries that do not use the Euro. These events may affect the value and liquidity of certain of the Funds investments.
Large investors risk
Ownership of Shares of the Fund may be concentrated among certain institutional investors who purchase Shares. The ownership of large numbers of Shares of the Fund by one or more institutional investors could, depending on the size of such ownership, result in such investors being in a position to exercise significant influence on matters put to a vote of Shareholders. Dispositions of Shares by large investors could adversely impact the market price and premium or discount to NAV at which the Shares trade. As a result of the concentration of a significant portion of the Funds outstanding Shares among a limited number of investors and the applicable restrictions on resale, the trading volume of Shares may be lesser than that of funds of a similar size whose shares are more widely held. As a result, there may be less secondary market liquidity for the Shares, the Shares may be subject to wider bid-ask spreads and the market price of the Shares may fluctuate more sharply.
Leverage risk
Although the Fund presently intends to utilize leverage, there can be no assurance that the Fund will do so, or that, if utilized, it will be successful during any period in which it is employed. Leverage is a speculative technique that exposes the Fund to greater risk and higher costs than if it were not implemented. The Fund anticipates using leverage through borrowings from certain financial institutions or the use of reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e., a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and the leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions or derivatives that have the effect of leverage in an aggregate amount up to 40% of the Funds Managed Assets immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Advisers assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. Managed Assets includes assets attributable to financial leverage instruments of any form. The Funds total leverage, either through borrowings, preferred stock issuance or effective leverage, may not exceed 40% of the Funds Managed Assets.
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Risks
The use of leverage through borrowing of money or the issuance of preferred shares to purchase additional securities creates an opportunity for increased net investment income, but also creates risks for the holders of Shares, including increased variability of the Funds net income, distributions and/or NAV in relation to market changes. Increases and decreases in the value of the Funds portfolio will be magnified when the Fund uses leverage. As a result, leverage may cause greater changes in the Funds NAV, which could have a material adverse impact on the Funds business, financial condition and results of operations. The Fund will also have to pay interest and dividends on its borrowings, which may reduce the Funds current income. This interest expense may be greater than the Funds current income on the underlying investment. The Funds leveraging strategy may not be successful. The use of leverage to purchase additional investments creates an opportunity for increased Share dividends, but also creates special risks and considerations for the Shareholders, including:
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The likelihood of greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the Shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage; |
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The risk that fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings and short-term debt or in the interest or dividend rates on any leverage that the Fund must pay will reduce the return to the Shareholders; |
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The effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged, may result in a greater decline in the market price of the Shares; |
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When the Fund uses financial leverage, the investment advisory fees payable to the Adviser will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage, including periods when the Fund is losing money, and because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Funds Managed Assets there may be a financial incentive to the Adviser to increase the Funds use of leverage and create an inherent conflict of interests; |
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Leverage increases operating costs, which will be borne entirely by the Shareholders and may reduce total return; and |
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Certain types of borrowings and issuances of preferred stock by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and Fund composition requirements. |
The Adviser intends to leverage the Fund only when it believes that the potential return on the additional investments acquired through the use of leverage is likely to exceed the costs incurred in connection with the use of leverage and is in the best interests of the Fund. To seek to manage any potential conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with its use of leverage, the Adviser will periodically review its performance and use of leverage with the Board.
If the Fund enters into a credit facility, the Fund may be required to prepay outstanding amounts or incur a penalty rate of interest upon the occurrence of certain events of default. The Fund would also likely have to indemnify the lenders under the credit facility against liabilities they may incur in connection therewith. In addition, the Fund expects that any credit facility would contain covenants that, among other things, likely would limit the Funds ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change certain of its investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations, and require asset coverage ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve against interest or principal payments and expenses.
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Risks
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that the interest income earned on the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest expense and fund expenses, that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase and that the securities may not be returned to the Fund. There is no assurance that reverse repurchase agreements can be successfully employed.
The Fund may in the future issue preferred shares as a form of financial leverage. Any such preferred shares of the Fund would be senior to the Funds Shares, such that holders of preferred shares would have priority over the distribution of the Funds assets, including dividends and liquidating distributions. If preferred shares are issued and outstanding, holders of the preferred shares would elect two trustees of the Fund, voting separately as a class.
A decline in the Funds NAV could affect the ability of the Fund to make dividend payments. If the asset coverage for preferred shares or debt securities declines to less than two hundred or three hundred percent, respectively (as a result of market fluctuations or otherwise), the Fund may have to sell a portion of its investments at an inopportune time.
LIBOR risk
Instruments in which the Fund invests may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund and issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests may also obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. Derivative instruments utilized by the Fund and/or issuers of instruments in which the Fund may invest may also reference LIBOR. The Fund also may utilize leverage or borrowings primarily based on LIBOR. Regulators and law-enforcement agencies from a number of governments, including entities in the United States, Japan, Canada and the United Kingdom, have conducted or are conducting civil and criminal investigations into whether the banks that contributed to the British Bankers Association, or the BBA, in connection with the calculation of daily LIBOR may have been manipulating or attempting to manipulate LIBOR. Several financial institutions have reached settlements with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the U.S. Department of Justice Fraud Section and the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority in connection with investigations by such authorities into submissions made by such financial institutions to the bodies that set LIBOR and other interbank offered rates. Additional investigations remain ongoing with respect to other major banks. There can be no assurance that there will not be additional admissions or findings of rate-setting manipulation or that manipulations of LIBOR or other similar interbank offered rates will not be shown to have occurred. ICE Benchmark Administration Limited assumed the role of LIBOR administrator from the BBA on February 1, 2014. Any new administrator of LIBOR may make methodological changes to the way in which LIBOR is calculated or may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of LIBOR.
In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. There is currently no definitive information regarding the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could have adverse impacts on newly issued financial instruments and existing financial instruments which reference LIBOR. The effect of a phase out of LIBOR on U.S. community bank subordinated debt and other instruments in which the Fund may invest is currently unclear. While some instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate setting methodology, not all instruments may have such provisions, and there is significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies. To the extent that any replacement rate utilized for community bank subordinated debt securities or other securities
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Risks
differs from that utilized for a Structured Product that holds those loans, the Structured Product would experience an interest rate mismatch between its assets and liabilities. Structured Products generally contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by requiring the Structured Products administrator to calculate a replacement rate primarily through dealer polling on the applicable measurement date. However, there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of the dealer polling processes, including the willingness of banks to provide such quotations. Recently, some Structured Products have included, or have been amended to include, language permitting the Structured Products investment manager to implement a market replacement rate upon the occurrence of certain material disruption events. However, not all Structured Products may adopt such provisions, nor can there be any assurance that Structured Products investment managers will undertake the suggested amendments when able. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could lead to significant short-term and long-term uncertainty and market instability. It remains uncertain how such changes would be implemented and the effects such changes would have on the Fund, issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests and financial markets generally.
In the past, the level of three-month LIBOR has experienced significant fluctuations. Historical levels, fluctuations and trends of three-month LIBOR are not necessarily indicative of future levels. Any historical upward or downward trend in three-month LIBOR is not an indication that three-month LIBOR is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time during a particular floating rate period, and historical levels of three-month LIBOR should not be taken into account as an indication of its future performance.
Limited investment opportunities risk
Certain markets in which the Fund may invest are extremely competitive for attractive investment opportunities and, as a result, there may be reduced expected investment returns. The market for debt issued by financial institutions, particularly those financial institutions in the U.S. community bank sector, is more limited than the market for other debt issuances. There can be no assurance that sufficient investment opportunities will be available. The Funds primary competitors in providing financing and capital to community banks include public and private funds, commercial banks, investment banks, correspondent banks, commercial financing companies, high net worth individuals, private equity funds and hedge funds. Some of the Funds competitors may be substantially larger than the Fund and may have access to greater financial, technical and marketing resources that the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to identify or successfully pursue attractive investment opportunities in such environments. Among other factors, competition for suitable investments from other pooled investment vehicles and other classes of investors may reduce the availability of investment opportunities. Certain of the Funds competitors may not be subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on the Fund as an investment company or to the source-of-income, asset diversification and distribution requirements the Fund intends to satisfy to qualify as a RIC. Certain competitors may also have higher risk tolerances or different risk assumptions, which could allow them to consider a wider array of investment opportunities than the Fund intends to consider. There has been significant growth in the number of firms organized to make investments similar to those which the Fund intends to make, which may result in increased competition to the Fund in obtaining suitable investments. Additionally, the Adviser may have to allocate the available investment opportunities between various other Funds and accounts managed by the Adviser with similar investment strategies. Such allocation decisions will be made subject to the Advisers Trade Aggregation and Allocation Policies and Procedures. There may also be competition to sell investments. If many investment funds that pursue similar strategies were forced to liquidate positions at the same time, market liquidity would be reduced, which may cause prices to drop, and volatility to increase and may exacerbate the losses of the Fund.
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Risks
Limited operating history risk
The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end investment company with limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors in the Fund have limited track record or history for the Fund on which to base their investment decision. The Fund is subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that the Fund will not achieve its investment objective.
Limited term risk
Unless the Fund completes an Eligible Tender Offer and converts to perpetual existence, the Fund will terminate on or about the Termination Date. The Fund is not a so called target date or life cycle fund whose asset allocation becomes more conservative over time as its target date, often associated with retirement, approaches. In addition, the Fund is not a target term fund whose investment objective is to return its original NAV on the termination date. The Fund s investment objective and policies are not designed to seek to return to investors that purchase Shares in this offering their initial investment of $20.00 per Share on the Termination Date or in an Eligible Tender Offer, and such investors and investors that purchase Shares after the completion of this offering may receive more or less than their original investment upon termination or in an Eligible Tender Offer. See RisksMarket Discount Risk.
Because the assets of the Fund will be liquidated in connection with the termination, the Fund will incur transaction costs in connection with dispositions of portfolio securities. The Fund does not limit its investments to securities having a maturity date prior to the Termination Date and may be required to sell portfolio securities when it otherwise would not, including at times when market conditions are not favorable, which may cause the Fund to lose money. In particular, the Funds portfolio may still have large exposures to illiquid securities as the Termination Date approaches, and losses due to portfolio liquidation may be significant. During the wind-down period, beginning one year before the Termination Date, the Fund may begin liquidating all or a portion of the Funds portfolio, and may deviate from its investment policies and may not achieve its investment objective. During the wind-down period, the Funds portfolio composition may change as more of its portfolio holdings are called or sold and portfolio holdings are disposed of in anticipation of liquidation. The disposition of portfolio investments by the Fund could cause market prices of such instruments, and hence the NAV and market price of the Shares, to decline. In addition, disposition of portfolio investments will cause the Fund to incur increased brokerage and related transaction expenses. The Fund may receive proceeds from the disposition of portfolio investments that are less than the valuations of such investments by the Fund. Rather than reinvesting the proceeds of matured, called or sold securities, the Fund may invest such proceeds in short-term or other lower yielding securities or hold the proceeds in cash, which may adversely affect its performance and the market price of the Shares. The Fund may distribute the proceeds in one or more liquidating distributions prior to the final liquidation, which may cause fixed expenses to increase when expressed as a percentage of assets under management. Upon a termination, it is anticipated that the Fund will have distributed substantially all of its net assets to Shareholders, although securities for which no market exists or securities trading at depressed prices, if any, may be placed in a liquidating trust. Shareholders will bear the costs associated with establishing and maintaining a liquidating trust, if necessary. Securities placed in a liquidating trust may be held for an indefinite period of time until they can be sold or pay out all of their cash flows. The Fund cannot predict the amount, if any, of securities that will be required to be placed in a liquidating trust.
If the Fund conducts an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund anticipates that funds to pay the aggregate purchase price of Shares accepted for purchase pursuant to the tender offer will be first derived from any
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Risks
cash on hand and then from the proceeds from the sale of portfolio investments held by the Fund. In addition, the Fund may be required to dispose of portfolio investments in connection with any reduction in the Funds outstanding leverage necessary in order to maintain the Funds desired leverage ratios following a tender offer. The risks related to the disposition of securities in connection with the Funds termination also would be present in connection with the disposition of securities in connection with an Eligible Tender Offer. It is likely that during the pendency of a tender offer, and possibly for a time thereafter, the Fund will hold a greater than normal percentage of its total assets in cash and cash equivalents, which may impede the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective and decrease returns to Shareholders. If the Funds tax basis for the investments sold is less than the sale proceeds, the Fund will recognize capital gains, which the Fund will be required to distribute to Shareholders. In addition, the Funds purchase of tendered Shares pursuant to a tender offer will have tax consequences for tendering Shareholders and may have tax consequences for non-tendering Shareholders. The purchase of Shares by the Fund pursuant to a tender offer will have the effect of increasing the proportionate interest in the Fund of non-tendering Shareholders. All Shareholders remaining after a tender offer will be subject to proportionately higher expenses due to the reduction in the Funds total assets resulting from payment for the tendered Shares. Such reduction in the Funds total assets may also result in less investment flexibility, reduced diversification and greater volatility for the Fund, and may have an adverse effect on the Funds investment performance.
The Fund is not required to conduct an Eligible Tender Offer. If the Fund conducts an Eligible Tender Offer, there can be no assurance that the number of tendered Shares would not result in the Funds net assets totaling less than the Termination Threshold, in which case the Eligible Tender Offer will be terminated, no Shares will be repurchased pursuant to the Eligible Tender Offer and the Fund will terminate on or before the Termination Date (subject to possible extensions). Following the completion of an Eligible Tender Offer in which the number of tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling greater than the Termination Threshold, the Board may eliminate the Termination Date upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. Thereafter, the Fund will have a perpetual existence. The Adviser may have a conflict of interest in recommending to the Board that the Termination Date be eliminated and the Fund have a perpetual existence. The Fund is not required to conduct additional tender offers following an Eligible Tender Offer and conversion to perpetual existence. Therefore, remaining Shareholders may not have another opportunity to participate in a tender offer. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV, and as a result remaining Shareholders may only be able to sell their Shares at a discount to NAV.
Liquidity and valuation risks
It may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular investments within a reasonable time at a favorable price. The capacity of traditional fixed-income market makers has not kept pace with the consistent growth in the fixed-income markets in recent years, which has led to reductions in the capacity of such market makers to engage in fixed-income trading and, as a result, dealer inventories of corporate fixed-income and floating rate instruments are at or near historic lows relative to market size. These concerns may be more pronounced in the case of high yield fixed-income and floating rate instruments than higher quality fixed-income instruments. Market makers tend to provide stability and liquidity to debt-securities markets through their intermediary services, and their reduced capacity and number could lead to diminished liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income markets. In addition, the Funds ability to sell an instrument under favorable conditions may be negatively impacted by, among other things, the sale of the same or similar instruments by other market participants at the same time.
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Risks
To the extent that there is not an established liquid market for instruments in which the Fund invests, or there is a reduced number or capacity of traditional market makers with respect to certain instruments, trading in such instruments may be relatively inactive or irregular. In addition, during periods of reduced market liquidity or market turmoil, or in the absence of readily accessible market quotations for an investment in the Funds portfolio, the ability of the Fund to assign an accurate daily value to that investment may be limited and the Adviser may be required to perform a fair valuation of the instrument. Fair value determinations are inherently subjective and reflect good faith judgments based on available information. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the determination of an instruments fair value, conducted in accordance with the Funds valuation procedures, will in fact approximate the price at which the Fund could sell that instrument at the time of the fair valuation. The Fund relies on various sources of information to value investments and calculate NAV. The Fund may obtain pricing information from third parties that are believed to be reliable. In certain cases, this information may be unavailable or this information may be inaccurate because of errors by the third parties, technological issues, absence of current or reliable market data or otherwise, which could impact the Funds ability to accurately value its investments or calculate its NAV.
Liquidity and valuation risks may be more pronounced in a rising interest rate environment, and the Fund that hold a significant percentage of fair valued or otherwise difficult to value securities may be particularly susceptible to the risks associated with valuation. For additional information about valuation determinations, see Determination of Net Asset Value. Portions of the Funds portfolio that are fair valued or difficult to value vary from time to time. The Funds Shareholder reports contain detailed information about the Funds holdings that are fair valued or difficult to value, including values of such holdings as of the dates of the reports.
Management risk
The Fund is actively managed and its performance may reflect the Advisers ability to make decisions which are suited to achieving the Funds investment objective. Due to its active management, the Fund could under-perform other funds with similar investment objective.
Market discount risk
Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV, which is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds NAV could decrease as a result of its investment activities. Although the value of the Funds net assets is generally considered by market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell Shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of Shares will depend entirely upon whether the market price of Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investors purchase price for Shares. Because the market price of Shares will be determined by factors such as NAV, dividend and distribution levels (which are dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and demand for Shares, stability of dividends or distributions, trading volume of Shares, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether Shares will trade at, below or above NAV or at, below or above the initial public offering price. Shares of the Fund are designed primarily for long-term investors; investors in Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Maturity and duration risk
Prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed income instruments as interest rates change. In addition, a fund with a longer average portfolio
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Risks
duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a securitys yield, coupon, final maturity and call features, among other characteristics. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of three years, and interest rates increase (fall) by 1%, the portfolio would decline (increase) in value by approximately 3%.
Non-diversification risks
The Fund is classified as non-diversified under the 1940 Act. A non-diversified fund is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. Consequently, the securities of a particular issuer or a small number of issuers may constitute a significant portion of the Funds investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the Funds performance or subject the Funds Shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Portfolio turnover risk
The Funds annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. The portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Prepayment risk
When interest rates decline, fixed income securities with stated interest rates may have their principal paid earlier than expected. This may result in the Fund having to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates, which can reduce the returns of the Fund.
Rating agencies risk
Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuers current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.
Regulatory and legal risks
U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and other regulators regularly adopt new regulations and legislatures enact new statutes that affect the investments held by the Fund, the strategies used by the Fund or the level of regulation or taxation that applies to the Fund. For example, the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, among other things, significantly changes the taxation of business entities (including by significantly lowering corporate tax rates), the deductibility of interest expense, and the timing in which certain income items are recognized (potentially including, in certain cases, income from debt and other financial instruments). These statutes and regulations may impact the investment strategies, performance, costs and operations of the Fund or the taxation of its Shareholders.
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Risks
Changes in government legislation, regulation and/or intervention may change the way the Adviser or the Fund is regulated, affect the expenses incurred directly by the Fund and the value of its investments and limit and/or preclude the Funds ability to implement, or increase the Funds costs associated with implementing, its investments strategies. Changes to tax laws and regulations may also result in certain tax consequences for the Fund and/or investors. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences. Moreover, government regulation may have unpredictable and unintended effects. In addition to exposing the Fund to potential new costs and expenses, additional regulation or changes to existing regulation may also require changes to the Funds investment practices. The Adviser cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the Funds ability to achieve its respective investment objective.
Repurchase agreement risks
Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. Repurchase agreements involve the risk that a seller will become subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings or fail to repurchase a security from the Fund. In such situations, the Fund may incur losses including as a result of (i) a possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) a possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period, and (iii) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Reverse repurchase agreement risks
A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale by the Fund of a debt obligation to a party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement by the Fund to repurchase that debt obligation from that party on a future date at a higher price. Similar to borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects the Fund to the risks of leverage, including increased volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of collateral held by the Fund, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of securities. Reverse repurchase agreements also create Fund expenses and require that the Fund have sufficient cash available to purchase the debt obligations when required. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the debt obligation that is the subject of the reverse repurchase agreement could decline significantly below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the security.
Risks relating to the Funds RIC status
To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to a RIC and its Shareholders under the Code, the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. Very generally, to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in stock or other securities. The Fund must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of each of its taxable years. Failure to meet these diversification requirements on the last day of a quarter may result in the Fund having to dispose of certain investments quickly to prevent the loss of RIC
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Risks
status. Any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices or times, and may result in substantial losses to the Fund. In addition, to be eligible for the special tax treatment accorded RICs, the Fund must meet the annual distribution requirement, requiring it to distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (generally its taxable ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, and determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and its net tax-exempt income (if any), to its Shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of its distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on the Fund and its Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions to re-qualify as a RIC.
Certain of the Funds investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a taxable year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in debt obligations that will be treated as having market discount and/or OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Additionally, some of the Structured Products or issuers in which the Fund invests may be considered passive foreign investment companies, or under certain circumstances, controlled foreign corporations. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income, the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of its Shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize gain or loss on such liquidations; in the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, the Fund Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than they would in the absence of such transactions. Furthermore, under proposed treasury regulations, certain income derived by the Fund from a passive foreign investment company or controlled foreign corporation would generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the income test applicable to RICs only to the extent the applicable issuer makes current distributions of the corresponding income to the Fund. The proposed regulations, if adopted, would apply to taxable years beginning on or after 90 days after the regulations are published as final.
Senior debt, subordinated debt and preferred securities of banks and diversified financial companies risk
Banks may issue subordinated debt securities, which have a lower priority to full payment behind other more senior debt securities. This means, for example, that if the issuing bank were to become insolvent, subordinated debt holders may not receive a full return of their principal because the bank would have to satisfy the claims of senior debt holders first. To the extent a bank in which the Fund invests were to be placed into a FDIC-administered receivership or conservatorship, the Fund would not be entitled to the same rights that it would have as a creditor in a typical bankruptcy proceeding, and creditors of failed banking organizations typically receive little or no recovery. See RisksBanks and Diversified Financials Concentration RiskCapital risk. In addition to the risks generally associated with fixed income instruments ( e.g. , interest rate risk, credit risk, etc.), bank subordinated debt is also subject to risks inherent to banks. Because banks are highly regulated and operate in a highly competitive environment, it may be difficult for a bank to meet its debt obligations. Banks also may be affected by changes in legislation and regulations applicable to the financial markets. This is especially true in light
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Risks
of the large amount of regulatory developments in recent years. Bank subordinated debt is often issued by smaller community banks that may be overly concentrated in a specific geographic region, lack the capacity to comply with new regulatory requirements or lack adequate capital. Smaller banks may also have a lower capacity to withstand negative developments in the market in general. If any of these or other factors were to negatively affect a banks operations, the bank could fail to make payments on its debt obligations, which would hurt the Funds bank subordinated debt investments.
Preferred securities are subject to risks associated with both equity and debt instruments. Because some preferred securities allow the issuer to convert its preferred stock into common stock, preferred securities are often sensitive to declining common stock values. In addition, certain preferred securities contain provisions that allow an issuer to skip or defer distributions, which may be more likely when the issuer is less able to make dividend payments as a result of financial difficulties. Preferred securities can also be affected by changes in interest rates, especially if dividends are paid at a fixed rate, and may also include call features in favor of the issuer. In the event of redemptions by the issuer, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable or favorable rates of return. Preferred securities are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuers capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities.
Although the Fund will invest in securities and other obligations of FDIC-insured depository institutions and their affiliates, neither those securities and obligations nor your investment in the Fund will be protected by FDIC insurance.
Structured Products risks
The Structured Products in which the Fund may invest include community bank debt securitizations and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations (which may be referred to as collateralized debt securities or CDOs), which are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of unsecured, subordinated loans made to, and unsecured, subordinated debentures, notes or other securities issued by, community banks or other financial institutions. Holders of Structured Products bear risks of the underlying assets and are subject to counterparty risk. The Fund (and other investors in the Structured Product) ultimately bear the credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Most Structured Products are issued in multiple tranches that offer investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, which are often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity. The Fund may invest in any tranche of a Structured Product, including the subordinated/equity tranches.
The ability of the Structured Product to make distributions will be subject to various limitations, including the terms and covenants of the debt it issues. For example, performance tests (based on interest coverage or other financial ratios or other criteria) may restrict the Funds ability, as holder of the equity interests in a Structured Product, to receive cash flow from these investments. There is no assurance any such performance tests will be satisfied. Also, a Structured Product may take actions that delay distributions in order to preserve ratings and to keep the cost of present and future financings lower or the Structured Product may be obligated to retain cash or other assets to satisfy over-collateralization requirements commonly provided for holders of the Structured Products debt. As a result, there may be a lag, which could be significant, between the repayment or other realization on a loan or other assets in, and the distribution of cash out of, a Structured Product, or cash flow may be completely restricted for the life of the Structured Product. If the Fund does not receive cash flow from any such Structured Product that is necessary to satisfy the annual distribution requirement for maintaining the Funds RIC
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Risks
status, and the Fund is unable to obtain cash from other sources necessary to satisfy this requirement, the Fund could fail to maintain its status as a RIC, which would have a material adverse effect on the Funds financial performance.
If applicable accounting pronouncements or SEC staff guidance require the Fund to consolidate the Structured Products financial statements with the Funds financial statements, any debt issued by the Structured Product would be generally treated as if it were issued by the Fund for purposes of the asset coverage ratio applicable to the Fund. Further, there can be no assurance that a bankruptcy court, in the exercise of its broad equitable powers, would not order that the Funds assets and liabilities be substantively consolidated with those of a Structured Product, rather than kept separate, and that creditors of the Structured Product would have claims against the consolidated bankruptcy estate (including the Funds assets). If a Structured Product is not consolidated with the Fund, the Funds only interest in the Structured Product will be the value of its retained subordinated interest and the income allocated to it, which may be more or less than the cash the Fund received from the Structured Product, and none of the Structured Products liabilities would be reflected as the Funds liabilities. If the assets of a Structured Product are not consolidated with the Funds assets and liabilities, then the leverage incurred by such Structured Product may or may not be treated as borrowings by the Fund for purposes applicable limitations on the Funds ability to issue debt.
The Fund generally may have the right to receive payments only from the Structured Product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying collateral assets. While certain Structured Products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in Structured Products generally pay their share of the Structured Products administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of assets underlying Structured Products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of Structured Products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a Structured Product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer-term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below-market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the Structured Products owned by the Fund.
The activities of the issuers of certain Structured Products, including bank debt securitizations, will generally be directed by a collateral manager. In the Funds capacity as holder of interests in such a Structured Product, the Fund is generally not able to make decisions with respect to the management, disposition or other realization of any investment, or other decisions regarding the business and affairs, of the Structured Product. Consequently, the success of the securitizations in will depend, in part, on the financial and managerial expertise of the collateral manager. Subject to certain exceptions, any change in the investment professionals of the collateral manager will not present grounds for termination of the collateral management agreement. In addition, such investment professionals may not devote all of their professional time to the affairs of the Structured Product. There can be no assurance that for any Structured Product, in the event that underlying instruments are prepaid, the collateral manager will be able to reinvest such proceeds in new instruments with equivalent investment returns. If the collateral manager cannot reinvest in new instruments with equivalent investment returns, the interest proceeds available to pay interest on the Structured Product may be adversely affected. The Structured Products in which the Fund invests are generally not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act. As investors in these Structured Products, the Fund is not afforded the protections that shareholders in an investment company registered under the 1940 Act would have.
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Risks
Certain Structured Products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. Structured products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in Structured Products may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. An active dealer market may exist for certain of these investments that can be resold in Rule 144A transactions, but there can be no assurance that such a market will exist or will be active enough for the Fund to sell such securities. In addition, certain Structured Products may not be purchased or sold as easily as publicly traded securities, and, historically, the trading volume has been small relative to other markets. Structured Products may encounter trading delays due to their unique and customized nature, and transfers may require the consent of an agent bank and/or borrower. To the extent a trading market exists for a Structured Product, the market value may be affected by a variety of factors, including changes in the market value or dividends paid by the underlying collateral of the Structured Product; prepayments, defaults and recoveries on the underlying collateral; and other risks associated with the underlying collateral. The leveraged nature of equity interests in Structured Products are likely to magnify the adverse impact of such factors on equity interests in Structured Products. Because of the limited market, there may be less information available to investors regarding the underlying assets of a Structured Product than if the investors invested directly in the debt of the underlying obligors.
In addition to the general risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in Structured Products are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
To the extent that an affiliate of the Adviser serves as the sponsor and/or collateral manager of a Structured Product in which the Fund invests, or the Adviser or its affiliates hold other interests in Structured Products in which the Fund invests, the Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the interests. Even if a secondary market exists, the Adviser or its affiliates at times may possess material non-public information that may restrict the Funds ability to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product. The Fund does not currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored by the Adviser or an affiliate; however, to the extent the Fund does, it will do so only as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
Additional risks relating to investing in the subordinated/equity tranche of Structured Products. Up to all of the Funds investments in Structured Products may be in the subordinated/equity tranches. Investments in the equity tranches of Structured Products typically represent the first loss position, are unrated and are subject to greater risk. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the Structured Product in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first by the owners of the equity interests, which may include the Fund. Any equity interests that the Fund holds in a Structured Product will not be secured by the assets of the Structured Product or guaranteed by any party, and the Fund will rank behind all creditors of the Structured Product, including the holders of the secured notes issued by the Structured Product. Equity interests are typically subject to certain payment restrictions in the indenture governing the senior tranches. Accordingly, equity interests may not be
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Risks
paid in full, may be adversely impacted by defaults by a relatively small number of underlying assets held by the Structured Product and may be subject to up to 100% loss. Structured Products may be highly levered, and therefore equity interests may be subject to a higher risk of loss, including the potential for total loss. The market value of equity interests may be significantly affected by a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, changes in the market value of the collateral held by the securitization, defaults and recoveries on that collateral and other risks associated with that collateral. The leveraged nature of equity interest is likely to magnify these impacts. Equity interests typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity interests will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates. While the payments on equity interest will be variable, equity interests may not offer the same level of protection against changes in interest rates as other floating rate instruments. Equity interests are typically illiquid investments and subject to extensive transfer restrictions, and no party is under any obligation to make a market for equity interests. At times, there may be no market for equity interests, and the Fund may not be able to sell or otherwise transfer equity interests at their fair value, or at all, in the event that it determines to sell them.
Trust preferred securities risk
The risks associated with TruPS include those risks typically associated with debt securities and preferred securities, including the risk of default. TruPS are typically subordinated to other classes of debt of the bank or other financial institution. As a result, the risk of recovery in case of default is higher for these securities than senior debt securities. Because the issuer is typically able to defer or skip payments for up to five years without being in default, distributions may not be made for extended periods of time. These securities are also subject to prepayment risk. Holders of TruPS generally have limited voting rights to control the activities of the trust and no voting rights with respect to the parent corporation. The market for TruPS may be limited due to restrictions on resale, and the market value may be more volatile than those of conventional debt securities. Many TruPS are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by banks and financial institutions and are not a direct obligation of banks and other financial institutions.
Uncertain tax treatment risk
The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments and certain other investments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease accruing interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. Although the Fund will seek to address these and other issues to the extent necessary to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax, no assurances can be given that the Fund will not be adversely affected as a result of such issues.
Unrated securities risks
The Fund may purchase unrated securities which are not rated by a rating agency if the Adviser determines that the security is of comparable quality to a rated security that the Fund may purchase. Unrated securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the
58
Risks
Adviser may not accurately evaluate the securitys comparative credit rating. Analysis of creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality debt securities. To the extent that the Fund purchases unrated securities, the Funds success in achieving its investment objective may depend more heavily on the Advisers creditworthiness analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in rated securities.
U.S. Government securities risks
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or GSEs, including, for example, pass-through certificates issued by Ginnie Mae, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies or GSEs, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency or GSE, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies or GSEs, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. Government securities held by the Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.
OTHER RISKS RELATING TO THE FUND
Cybersecurity risks
Cybersecurity refers to the combination of technologies, processes and procedures established to protect information technology systems and data from unauthorized access, attack or damage. The Fund and its respective affiliates and third-party service providers are subject to cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity risks have significantly increased in recent years, and the Fund could suffer material losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future. The Funds and its respective affiliates and third-party service providers computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize confidential and other information, including nonpublic personal information and sensitive business data, processed and stored in, and transmitted through, computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in the Funds operations or the operations of its respective affiliates and third-party service providers. This could result in financial losses to the Fund and its Shareholders. These failures or breaches may also result in disruptions to business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Funds ability to calculate its NAV, process Shareholder transactions or otherwise transact business with Shareholders; impediments to trading; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines; penalties; reputational damage; reimbursement or other compensation costs; or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in an attempt to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Fund has established risk management systems and business continuity plans designed to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity. However, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially since the Fund does not directly control the cybersecurity systems of issuers or third-party service providers. The Fund and its Shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
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Risks
Other investment companies risks
To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies that invest in fixed-income securities, risks associated with investments in other investment companies will include fixed-income securities risks. In addition to the brokerage costs associated with the Funds purchase and sale of the underlying securities, ETFs, mutual funds and closed-end funds incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. As a result, the Funds Shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of the ETFs, mutual funds and closed-end funds, in addition to Fund expenses. Because the Fund is not required to hold shares of underlying funds for any minimum period, it may be subject to, and may have to pay, short-term redemption fees imposed by the underlying funds. ETFs are subject to additional risks such as the fact that the market price of its shares may trade above or below its NAV or an active market may not develop. The Fund has no control over the investments and related risks taken by the underlying funds in which it invests. The 1940 Act and the rules and regulations adopted under that statute impose conditions on investment companies which invest in other investment companies, and as a result, the Fund is generally restricted on the amount of shares of another investment company to shares amounting to no more than 3% of the outstanding voting shares of such other investment company.
In addition to risks generally associated with investments in mutual fund securities, ETFs and closed-end funds are subject to the following risks that do not apply to traditional mutual funds: (i) the market price of an ETFs or closed-end funds shares may be above or below its NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETFs and closed-end funds shares may not develop or be maintained; (iii) the ETF or closed-end fund may employ an investment strategy that utilizes high leverage ratios; (iv) trading of an ETFs or closed-end funds shares may be halted if the listing exchanges officials deem such action appropriate; and (v) underlying ETF or closed-end fund shares may be de-listed from the exchange or the activation of market-wide circuit breakers (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) may temporarily stop stock trading.
TRUSTEES
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust (Declaration of Trust) and By-Laws (By-Laws), the Funds business and affairs are managed under the direction of the Board, which has overall responsibility for monitoring and overseeing the Funds management and operations. The Board consists of seven members, five of whom are considered Independent Trustees. The Trustees are subject to removal or replacement in accordance with Delaware law and the Declaration of Trust. The Trustees serving on the Board were elected by the organizational Shareholder of the Fund. The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the Trustees.
Angel Oak serves as the Funds investment adviser pursuant to the terms of the investment advisory agreement between the Fund and Angel Oak (the Investment Advisory Agreement) and subject to the authority of, and any policies established by, the Board. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser manages the Funds investment portfolio, directs purchases and sales of portfolio securities and reports thereon to the Funds officers and Trustees regularly.
The Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, oversees and monitors the Funds investment performance. After an initial two-year term, the Board will review, on an annual basis, the Investment Advisory Agreement to determine, among other things, whether the fees payable thereunder are reasonable in light of the services provided.
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Management of the Fund
INVESTMENT PERSONNEL
The Advisers investment team includes:
Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu is Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser and a Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Prior to co-founding the Adviser in 2009, Mr. Prabhu was the Chief Investment Officer of the $25 billion investment portfolio at Washington Mutual Bank for three years and was also part of the macro asset strategy team at the bank. Prior to joining Washington Mutual Bank, Mr. Prabhu worked for six years at SunTrust Bank in Atlanta, where he was responsible for investment strategies and served as head portfolio manager for the $3 billion commercial mortgage backed securities portfolio. He began his career at SunTrust in 1998 as a bank analyst focused on asset/liability management and liquidity strategies. Mr. Prabhu holds a B.B.A. in Economics from Georgia College and State University and an M.B.A. in Finance from Georgia State University.
Johannes Palsson is a Managing Director of the Adviser and a Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Palssons primary focus is on investment research and management of community and regional bank debt across the firms strategies. Prior to joining the Adviser in 2011, Mr. Palsson served as chief financial officer for The Brand Banking Company where he managed the overall finance function. He began his career at SunTrust Robinson Humphrey in 1996 where the scope of his responsibilities included interest rate risk modeling and investment strategies. Mr. Palsson holds a finance degree from Georgia State University and an M.B.A. from Emory Universitys Goizueta Business School.
Navid Abghari is a Senior Portfolio Manager of the Adviser and a Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Prior to joining the Adviser in 2015, Mr. Abghari was an Executive Director at J.P. Morgan Securities in New York where he was responsible for managing the U.S. bespoke tranche trading desk and U.S. hedging activities of the global bespoke tranche exposure. Mr. Abghari holds a B.B.A. in Economics and Finance from the University of Georgia, graduating Summa Cum Laude with Highest Honors.
Cheryl Pate, CFA ® is a Senior Portfolio Analyst at the Adviser and a Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Ms. Pate has more than 15 years experience in financial services and primarily focuses on investment research in the community and regional bank debt space. Ms. Pate joined the Adviser in 2017 from Morgan Stanley, where she spent 10 years in equity research focusing on the financial sector. Ms. Pate led the Consumer & Specialty Finance research team as an Executive Director and Senior Lead Analyst. Ms. Pates research coverage included the consumer finance, specialty finance, mortgage servicing/originations, mortgage REIT, payments, fintech and banking industries. Ms. Pate holds a B.S. in Commerce (Finance) from the University of British Columbia and an M.B.A. from Duke Universitys Fuqua School of Business.
The Funds Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including their compensation structure, other accounts managed and ownership of Shares of the Fund.
ADMINISTRATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services acts as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent/dividend dispersing agent to the Fund pursuant to respective agreements. Fund Services provides certain administrative services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Funds independent contractors and agents; preparation for signature
61
Management of the Fund
by an officer of the Fund of all documents required to be filed for compliance by the Fund with applicable laws and regulations excluding those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including NAV and yield; responding to Shareholder inquiries; and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund, and providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund Shares.
Pursuant to the Funds agreements with Fund Services, Fund Services will receive fees from the Fund for services performed as administrator, fund accountant and custodian. Fund Services expects to receive a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, subject to an annual minimum amount.
CUSTODIAN
U.S. Bank, which has its principal office at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as custodian for the Fund.
The Adviser bears all of its own costs incurred in providing investment advisory services to the Fund. As described below, however, the Fund bears all other expenses incurred in the business and operation of the Fund.
Expenses borne directly by the Fund include:
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brokerage and commission expenses; |
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all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian and accounting services agent; |
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interest charges on any borrowings; |
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costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily NAV and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act; |
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taxes, if any; |
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a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of the Funds Shareholders and the Board that are properly payable by the Fund; |
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salaries and expenses of officers of the Fund, including without limitation the reimbursement of the Adviser for a portion of the Funds |
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Chief Compliance Officer, and fees and expenses of members of the Board or members of any advisory board or committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the Adviser; |
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insurance premiums on property or personnel of the Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond insurance; |
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Fund expenses
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the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other communications for distribution to existing Shareholders; |
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legal, auditing and accounting fees; |
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all or any portion of trade association dues or educational program expenses determined appropriate by the Board; |
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fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its Shares for sale under federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; |
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fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its Shares for listing on the NYSE or such other exchange on which the Funds Shares may be listed; |
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all expenses of maintaining and servicing Shareholder accounts, including all charges for transfer, Shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing and reinvesting, Share repurchases and other agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and |
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all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as herein otherwise prescribed. |
EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse certain expenses (exclusive of any management fees, taxes, interest on borrowings, dividends on securities sold short, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses) to limit the Funds Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.25% of the Funds Managed Assets (the Expense Limit) through at least May 31, 2020 (the Limitation Period). The Expense Limit may be eliminated at any time by the Board, on behalf of the Fund, upon 60 days written notice to the Adviser. Prior to the end of the Limitation Period, the Expense Limit may not be terminated by the Adviser without the consent of the Board of Trustees. The Adviser may recoup from the Fund any waived amount or reimbursed expenses pursuant to the Expense Limit if such recoupment does not cause the Fund to exceed the current Expense Limit or the Expense Limit in place at the time of the waiver or reimbursement (whichever is lower) and the recoupment is made within three years after the end of the month in which the Adviser incurred the expense.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND OFFERING COSTS
Organizational costs include, among other things, the cost of organizing as a Delaware statutory trust, including the cost of legal services and other fees pertaining to the Funds organization. The Funds initial offering costs include, among other things, legal, accounting, printing and other expenses pertaining to this offering. The Adviser has agreed to pay all organizational expenses of the Fund and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Fund is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Adviser.
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, and in consideration of the advisory services provided by the Adviser to the Fund, the Adviser is entitled to a Management Fee. The Management Fee is calculated and payable monthly in arrears at the annual rate of 1.35% of the average daily value of the Funds Managed Assets.
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Fund expenses
The Adviser has voluntarily agreed to waive its management fee to 1.00% of the Funds Managed Assets for the first year of the Funds operations. The Adviser may not recoup from the Fund any amount waived pursuant to this arrangement.
The Adviser and its affiliates, at their own expense and out of their own assets, may make payments to, or enter into arrangements with, financial intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services, arrangements, significant investments in Fund Shares or other activities that the Adviser and its affiliates believe may, among other things, benefit the Funds business, facilitate investment in Fund Shares or otherwise benefit the Funds Shareholders. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
APPROVAL OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds semi-annual report on Form N-CSR for the period ending July 31, 2019, which will be publicly filed with the SEC.
Determination of net asset value
The Funds NAV is calculated at the close of trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business (the NYSE is closed on weekends, most federal holidays and Good Friday). The Funds NAV is calculated by dividing the value of the Funds total assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus liabilities (including accrued expenses) by the total number of Shares outstanding.
The Funds assets generally are valued at their market value. If market prices are not readily available (including when they are not reliable), or if an event occurs after the close of the trading market but before the calculation of the NAV that materially affects the values, assets may be valued at a fair value, pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. For example, the Fund may be obligated to fair value a foreign security because many foreign markets operate at times that do not coincide with those of the major U.S. markets. Events that could affect the values of foreign portfolio holdings may occur between the close of the foreign market and the time of determining the NAV, and would not otherwise be reflected in the NAV. When pricing securities using the fair value guidelines established by the Board, the Fund (with the assistance of its service providers) seeks to assign the value that represents the amount that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon a current sale of the securities. In this regard, the Adviser, pursuant to the terms of the investment advisory agreement with the Fund, has agreed to provide the Funds pricing information that the Adviser reasonably believes may assist in the determination of fair value consistent with requirements under the 1940 Act and the Funds valuation procedures. The Funds fair value guidelines include the consideration of pricing information from one or more third-party pricing sources, which information is monitored by the Adviser daily. The Board oversees the Advisers implementation of the fair value guidelines established by the Board.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, given the subjectivity inherent in fair valuation and the fact that events could occur after NAV calculation, the actual market prices for a security may differ from the fair value of that security as determined by the Fund at the time of NAV calculation. Thus, discrepancies between fair values and actual market prices may occur on a regular and recurring basis. These discrepancies do not necessarily indicate that the Funds fair value methodology is inappropriate. Once a security is fair valued, the Fund will re-examine the appropriateness of the fair values on a regular basis. In addition, the
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Determination of net asset value
Fund and its service providers conduct systematic comparisons of transacted prices for sold positions and the most recent valuations, including fair values, on a monthly basis. To the extent the Fund invests in other mutual funds, the Funds NAV is calculated based, in part, upon the NAVs of such mutual funds; the prospectuses for those mutual funds in which the Fund may invest describe the circumstances under which those mutual funds will use fair value pricing, which, in turn, affects their NAVs.
Because the Fund relies on various sources to calculate its NAV, the Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third-party service providers and data sources. The Funds NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of the Funds NAV and/or the inability to calculate its NAV over extended time periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds and/or other accounts may experience the following potential conflicts: The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Investment decisions for client accounts are also made consistent with a clients individual investment objective and needs. Accordingly, there may be circumstances when purchases or sales of securities for one or more client accounts will have an adverse effect on other clients. The Adviser may seek to manage such competing interests by, among other things, having a portfolio manager focus on a particular investment discipline and/or reviewing performance differences between similarly managed accounts on a periodic basis to ensure that any such differences are attributable by differences in investment guidelines and timing of cash flows. The Adviser also maintains a Code of Ethics to establish standards and procedures for the detection and prevention of activities by which persons having knowledge of the investments and investment intentions of the Fund may abuse their fiduciary duties to the Fund.
If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one client, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible accounts. There has been significant growth in the number of firms organized to make investments similar to those which the Fund intends to make, which may result in increased competition to the Fund in obtaining suitable investments. Because the Adviser manages other funds and accounts with similar investments strategies as the Fund that seek to invest in these limited investment opportunities, the Adviser may have to allocate available investment opportunities among the Fund and other funds and accounts it manages. To deal with these situations, the Adviser has adopted Trade Aggregation and Allocation Policies and Procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts. In accordance with these procedures, at times, the Fund may receive a smaller portion of an investment opportunity than desired or certain investment opportunities may be allocated to other funds or accounts managed by the Adviser as part of the allocation procedures.
From time to time, the Fund and other funds or accounts managed by the Adviser may make investments at different levels of an issuers capital structure or otherwise in different classes of an issuers securities. These investments could inherently give rise to conflicts of interest between or among the Fund and the other holders of various classes of securities. The Adviser and its clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which the Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect
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Conflicts of interest
on the Fund. Prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Funds investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of the Adviser and its clients, and Fund transactions may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
Through the various activities of the Adviser and its affiliates, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may acquire material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from trading in certain potential investments that the Fund otherwise might have purchased or sold.
With respect to securities transactions for clients, the Adviser determines which dealer to use to execute each order. However, the Adviser may direct securities transactions to a particular dealer for various reasons including receipt of research or participation interests in initial public offerings that may or may not benefit the Fund. To deal with these situations, the Adviser has adopted procedures to help ensure best execution of all client transactions.
Additionally, because the amount of fees paid to the Adviser for its services is based on Managed Assets, the fees paid to the Adviser will be higher if the Fund uses leverage, which may create an incentive for the Adviser to leverage the Fund or increase the Funds use of leverage.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for any other account or investment company that is or may in the future become advised by the Adviser or its affiliates. Investment decisions are the product of many factors, including basic suitability for the particular client involved. Likewise, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. In addition, two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event, each days transactions in such security are, insofar as is possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which, in the Advisers opinion, is in the best interest of the affected accounts and is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of a portfolio security for one client could have an adverse effect on another client that has a position in that security. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for the Fund and other client accounts managed by the Adviser occurs contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated to obtain any price advantages available to large denomination purchases or sales.
While the Fund generally may not purchase Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates directly from the issuer thereof, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, purchase Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates from third parties in secondary market transactions. The Fund does not currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored by the Adviser or an affiliate; however, to the extent the Fund does, it will do so only as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. To the extent that the Fund holds Structured Products sponsored by the Adviser or its affiliates, or holds Structured Products in which the Adviser or its affiliates also hold interests, certain conflicts of interest may arise. The Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the interests. Even if a secondary market exists, the Adviser or its affiliates at times may possess material non-public information that may restrict the Funds ability to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product.
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Closed-end funds differ from traditional, open-end management investment companies (mutual funds) in that closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a securities exchange and do not redeem their shares at the option of the Shareholder. By comparison, mutual funds issue securities that are redeemable and typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares. The Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors; you should not purchase Shares if you intend to sell them shortly after purchase. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at prices lower than their NAV. The Fund cannot predict whether the Shares will trade at, above or below NAV. In addition to NAV, the trading price of the Shares may be affected by such factors as the Funds dividend stability, dividend levels, which are in turn affected by expenses, and market supply and demand.
The Fund intends to distribute to Shareholders all or a portion of its investment company taxable income monthly and net capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Fund expects its initial distribution will be declared approximately 30 to 45 days, and paid approximately 45 to 60 days, after the completion of this offering. At times, in order to maintain a stable level of distributions, the Fund may pay out less than all of its investment income or pay out accumulated undistributed income in addition to current net investment income. Dividend and capital gains distributions generally are used to purchase additional Shares of the Fund. However, an investor can choose to receive distributions in cash. Pursuant to the Funds dividend reinvestment plan (the Plan), dividend and capital gains distributions generally are taxable to Shareholders whether they are reinvested in Shares of the Fund or received in cash. Because not all investors can participate in the Plan, you should contact your broker or nominee to confirm that you are eligible to participate in the Plan.
The 1940 Act currently limits the number of times the Fund may distribute long-term capital gains in any tax year, which may increase the variability of the Funds distributions and result in certain distributions being comprised more heavily of long-term capital gains eligible for favorable income tax rates. In the future, the Adviser may seek Board approval to implement a managed distribution plan for the Fund. The managed distribution plan would be implemented pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC granting the Fund an exemption from Section 19(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 19b-1 thereunder to permit it to include long-term capital gains as a part of its regular distributions to Shareholders more frequently than would otherwise be permitted by the 1940 Act (generally once or twice per year). If the Fund implements a managed distribution plan, it would do so without a vote of the Shareholders.
Expenses of the Fund will be accrued each day. To the extent that the Funds net investment income for any year exceeds the total monthly distributions paid during the year, the Fund will make a special distribution at or near year-end of such excess amount as may be required. Over time, all of the Funds investment company taxable income will be distributed.
At least annually, the Fund intends to distribute any net capital gains (which is the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital loss) or, alternatively, to retain all or a portion of the years net capital gains and pay federal income tax on the retained gain. As provided under federal tax law, if elected by the Fund Shareholders of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year will include their attributable share of the retained gain in their income for the year as a long-term capital gains, and will be entitled to a tax credit or refund for the tax deemed paid on their behalf by the Fund. The Fund may treat the cash value of tax credit and refund amounts in connection with retained capital gains as a substitute for equivalent cash distributions.
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Distribution policy
The tax treatment and characterization of the Funds distributions may vary substantially from time to time because of the nature of the Funds investments. If the Funds total monthly distributions in any year exceed the amount of its earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any such excess would be characterized as a return of capital for federal income tax purposes. Under the 1940 Act, for any distribution that includes amounts from sources other than net income (calculated on a book basis), the Fund is required to provide Shareholders a written statement regarding the components of such distribution. Such a statement will be provided at the time of any distribution believed to include any such amounts. A return of capital is a distribution to Shareholders that is not attributable to the Funds earnings but represents a return of part of the Shareholders investment. If the Funds distributions exceed the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the Shareholders tax basis in the Shares (thus reducing a Shareholders adjusted tax basis in his or her Shares), and thereafter as capital gains assuming the Shares are held as a capital asset. Upon the sale of Shares, a Shareholder generally will recognize capital gains or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and the Shareholders adjusted tax basis in the Shares sold. For example, in year one, a Shareholder purchased 100 Shares at $10 per Share. In year two, the Shareholder received a $1-per-Share return of capital distribution, which reduced the basis in each Share by $1, to give the Shareholder an adjusted basis of $9 per Share. In year three, the Shareholder sells the 100 Shares for $15 per Share. Assuming no other transactions during this period, the Shareholder would have a capital gain in year three of $6 per Share ($15 minus $9) for a total capital gain of $600. This is intended as an example and is not indicative of the amount or character of any future distributions by the Fund or the NAV or sale price of the Shares.
Shareholders may automatically reinvest some or all of their distributions in additional Shares under the Plan. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
Pursuant to the Funds Plan, distributions of dividends and capital gains are automatically reinvested in Shares of the Fund by Fund Services, as Plan Agent. Unless a Shareholder indicates another option on the account application or otherwise opts-out, Shareholders holding at least one full Share of the Fund will be automatically enrolled in the Plan. Shareholders who do not participate in the Plan will receive all distributions in cash.
If the Fund declares a dividend or distribution payable either in cash or in Shares of the Fund and the market price of Shares on the payment date for the distribution or dividend equals or exceeds the Funds NAV per Share, the Fund will issue Shares to participants at a value equal to the higher of NAV or 95% of the market price. The number of additional Shares to be credited to each participants account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the distribution or dividend by the higher of NAV or 95% of the market price. If the market price is lower than NAV, or if dividends or distributions are payable only in cash, then participants will receive Shares purchased by the Plan Agent on participants behalf on the NYSE or otherwise on the open market. If the market price exceeds NAV before the Plan Agent has completed its purchases, the average per Share purchase price may exceed NAV, resulting in fewer Shares being acquired than if the Fund had issued new Shares.
There are no brokerage charges with respect to Shares issued directly by the Fund. However, whenever Shares are purchased or sold on the NYSE or otherwise on the open market, each participant will pay a pro rata portion of brokerage trading fees. Currently, dividend reinvestment plan participants that direct the sale of Shares through the Plan Agent are subject to a $25.00 fee plus a sales commission of $4.95.
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Dividend reinvestment plan
The reinvestment of dividends and net capital gains distributions does not relieve participants of any income tax that may be payable on such dividends or distributions.
Purchases of additional Shares of the Fund will be made on the open market. There is no transaction fee, and each participant will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection with purchases made on the open market. Shareholders can also sell Fund Shares held in the Plan account at any time by contacting the Plan Agent by telephone or in writing. The Plan Agent will mail a check to you (less applicable brokerage trading fees) on the settlement date, which is three business days after your Shares have been sold. If you choose to sell your Shares through your broker, you will need to request that the Plan Agent electronically transfer your Shares to your broker through the Direct Registration System.
Shareholders participating in the Plan may withdraw from the Plan at any time by contacting the Plan Agent by telephone or in writing. Such termination will be effective immediately if the notice is received by the Plan Agent prior to any dividend or distribution record date; otherwise, such termination will be effective on the first trading day after the payment date for such dividend or distribution, with respect to any subsequent dividend or distribution. If you withdraw, your Shares will be credited to your account; or, if you wish, the Plan Agent will sell your full and fractional Shares and send you the proceeds, less a fee currently set at $25.00 and less a sales commission currently set at $4.95. If a Shareholder does not maintain at least one whole Share in the Plan account, the Plan Agent may terminate such Shareholders participation in the Plan after written notice. Upon termination, Shareholders will be sent a check for the cash value of any fractional Share in the Plan account, less any applicable broker commissions and taxes. Experience under the Plan may indicate that changes are desirable. Accordingly, the Fund and the Plan Agent reserve the right to amend or terminate the Plan. Participants generally will receive written notice at least 60 days before the effective date of any amendment. In the case of termination, participants will receive written notice at least 60 days before the record date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by the Fund.
All correspondence or additional information about the Plan should be directed to Fund Services in writing at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.
Certain provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
The Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board. This could have the effect of depriving Shareholders of an opportunity to sell their Shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over the Fund. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund. The trustees are divided into three classes, designated class I, class II, and class III. The term of class I will expire on the date of the first annual meeting of Shareholders, or special meeting in lieu thereof; the term of class II will expire on the date of the second annual meeting of Shareholders, or special meeting in lieu thereof; and the term of class III will expire on the date of the third annual meeting of Shareholders, or special meeting in lieu thereof. At each annual meeting, one class of trustees will be elected to a three-year term. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. A Trustee may be removed from office for cause only, and only by action of at least 75% of the outstanding Shares of the classes or series of Shares entitled to vote for the election of such Trustee, in addition to a written instrument, signed by at least 75% of the remaining trustees.
The Declaration of Trust grants special approval rights with respect to certain matters to members of the Board who qualify as Continuing Trustees, which term means trustees who either (i) have been
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Certain provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
members of the Board for a period of at least 36 months (or since the commencement of the Funds operations, if less than 36 months) or (ii) were nominated to serve as members of the Board by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board.
The Declaration of Trust requires the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the entire Board and holders of at least 75% of the Funds Shares outstanding and entitled to vote, if any, to authorize certain Fund transactions not in the ordinary course of business, including a merger, consolidation or Share exchange; certain issuances or transfers by the Fund of the Funds Shares (except as may be pursuant to a public offering, the Funds dividend reinvestment plan or upon exercise of any stock subscription rights); certain sales, leases, exchanges, mortgages, pledges, transfers or other dispositions of Fund assets; the dissolution, liquidation or termination of the Fund or a series or class of Shares; the issuance of any securities of the Fund to any principal Shareholder for cash, except as part of an offering in which the principal Shareholder has no special right to participate as compared to other holders of the same class of Shares; or any Shareholder proposal regarding specific investment decisions (unless the transaction is authorized by both a majority of the trustees and 75% of the Continuing Trustees (in which case no Shareholder authorization would be required by the Declaration of Trust, but may be required in certain cases under the 1940 Act)). The Declaration of Trust also requires the affirmative vote or consent of holders of a majority of the trustees and of holders of at least 75% of the Funds Shares outstanding and entitled to vote to authorize a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company.
The Board may from time to time grant other voting rights to Shareholders with respect to these and other matters, certain of which are required by the 1940 Act.
The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a third party. These provisions also provide, however, the advantage of potentially requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid and facilitating the continuity of the Funds investment objective and policies. The provisions of the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws described above could have the effect of discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The Board has considered the foregoing anti-takeover provisions and concluded that they are in the best interests of the Fund and its Shareholders.
The foregoing is intended only as a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws, both of which are on file with the SEC.
The Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of Shareholder personal liability for debts or obligations or any other form of personal liability in connection with the property or actions of the Fund.
For the purposes of calculating a majority of the outstanding voting securities under the Declaration of Trust, each class and series of the Fund will vote together as a single class, except to the extent required by the 1940 Act or the Declaration of Trust, with respect to any class or series of Shares. If a separate class vote is required, the applicable proportion of Shares of the class or series, voting as a separate class or series, also will be required.
The Board has determined that provisions with respect to the Board and the Shareholder voting requirements described above, which voting requirements are greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the 1940 Act, are in the best interest of Shareholders generally. For a more complete explanation, see the full text of these provisions in the Declaration of Trust, which is on file with the SEC.
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Certain provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS; INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE OF EXPENSES
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, Trustees and officers of the Fund will not be subject in such capacity to any personal liability to the Fund or Shareholders, unless the liability arises from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for the Trustees or officers duty.
Except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust, the Fund will indemnify and hold harmless any current or former Trustee or officer of the Fund against any liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) relating to the defense of any claim, action, suit or proceeding with which such person is involved or threatened while and with respect to acting in the capacity of a Trustee or officer of the Fund, except with respect to matters in which such person did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of the Fund. In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Fund will not indemnify any Trustee or officer for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties of his or her position. The Fund will provide indemnification to Trustees and officers prior to a final determination regarding entitlement to indemnification as described in the Declaration of Trust.
The Fund has entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement with Angel Oak. The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard for its obligations and duties thereunder, the Adviser is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss the Fund suffers.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Fund will advance the expenses of defending any action for which indemnification is sought if the Fund receives an undertaking by the indemnitee which provides that the indemnitee will reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification.
NUMBER OF TRUSTEES; APPOINTMENT OF TRUSTEES; VACANCIES; REMOVAL
The Declaration of Trust provides that the number of Trustees shall be no less than two (2) and no more than ten (10), as determined in writing by a majority of the Trustees then in office. As set forth in the Declaration of Trust, a Trustees term of office shall continue until his or her death, resignation or removal. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, individuals may be appointed by the Trustees at any time to fill vacancies on the Board by the appointment of such persons by a majority of the Trustees then in office. Each Trustee shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been appointed pursuant to the Declaration of Trust. To the extent that the 1940 Act requires that Trustees be elected by Shareholders, any such Trustees will be elected by a plurality of all Shares voted at a meeting of Shareholders at which a quorum is present.
The Declaration of Trust provides that any Trustee may be removed from office for cause only, and only by action of at least 75% of the outstanding Shares of the classes or series of Shares entitled to vote for the election of such Trustee, in addition to a written instrument, signed by at least 75% of the remaining trustees.
ACTION BY SHAREHOLDERS
The Declaration of Trust provides that Shareholder action can be taken only at a meeting of Shareholders or by unanimous written consent in lieu of a meeting. Subject to the 1940 Act, the
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Certain provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
Declaration of Trust or a resolution of the Board specifying a greater or lesser vote requirement, the affirmative vote of a majority of Shares present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the Shareholders with respect to any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders.
AMENDMENT OF DECLARATION OF TRUST AND BY-LAWS
Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Board may amend the Declaration of Trust without any vote of Shareholders. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Board has the exclusive power to amend or repeal the bylaws or adopt new bylaws at any time.
NO APPRAISAL RIGHTS
In certain extraordinary transactions, some jurisdictions provide the right to dissenting Shareholders to demand and receive the fair value of their Shares, subject to certain procedures and requirements set forth in such statute. Those rights are commonly referred to as appraisal rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that Shares shall not entitle Shareholders to appraisal rights.
CONFLICT WITH APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS
The Declaration of Trust provides that if and to the extent that any provision of the Declaration of Trust conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the provisions under the Code applicable to the Fund as a RIC or other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of the Declaration of Trust or affect the validity of any action taken or omitted to be taken prior to such determination.
POTENTIAL CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
The Fund may be converted to an open-end investment company at any time if approved by the holders of the majority of the Funds Shares outstanding and entitled to vote, provided that, unless otherwise required by law, any preferred shares that may be issued by the Fund in the future may carry the right to vote separately on such a conversion. It also is possible that a supermajority of preferred shares could be required to approve a conversion, or that preferred shares may have other rights with respect to a conversion. Any affirmative vote or consent of Shareholders or preferred Shareholders shall be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of the Shares otherwise required by law or any agreement between the Fund and any national securities exchange. In the event of conversion, the Shares would cease to be listed on the NYSE or other national securities exchange. Any preferred shares would need to be redeemed and all or portion of any borrowings may need to be repaid upon conversion to an open-end investment company. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their NAV, less such redemption charge or contingent deferred sales charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of a redemption. The Fund would expect to pay all such redemption requests in cash, but would intend to reserve the right to pay redemption requests in a combination of cash or securities. If such partial payment in securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in converting such securities to cash. If the Fund were converted to an open-end fund, it is likely that new Shares may be sold at NAV plus a sales load. In addition, to the extent the Fund is merged, consolidated or converted into an open-end registered investment company, it may no longer be able to use the same
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Certain provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
investment strategies. In particular, if the Fund were to operate as an open-end investment company, it would be required to hold a greater amount of liquid assets and would be more limited in the amount of leverage it could employ, which could impact the Funds performance.
Limited term and Eligible Tender Offer
The Fund will terminate on or before the Termination Date; provided, that if the Board believes that under then-current market conditions it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so, the Fund may extend the Termination Date (i) once for up to one year ( i.e., up to May 31, 2032), and (ii) once for up to an additional six months ( i.e., up to November 30, 2032), in each case upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. In addition, as of a date within twelve months preceding the Termination Date, the Board may cause the Fund to conduct an Eligible Tender Offer, which is a tender offer by the Fund to all Shareholders to purchase Shares of the Fund at a price equal to the NAV per Share on the expiration date of the tender offer. Following the completion of an Eligible Tender Offer, the Board may eliminate the Termination Date and convert the Fund to a perpetual trust upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval.
The Fund is not a so called target date or life cycle fund whose asset allocation becomes more conservative over time as its target date, often associated with retirement, approaches. In addition, the Fund is not a target term fund whose investment objective is to return its original NAV on the termination date. The Funds investment objective and policies are not designed to seek to return to investors that purchase Shares in this offering their initial investment of $20.00 per Share on the Termination Date or in an Eligible Tender Offer, and such investors and investors that purchase Shares after the completion of this offering may receive more or less than their original investment upon termination or in an Eligible Tender Offer.
Upon its termination, the Fund will distribute substantially all of its net assets to Shareholders, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated, of the Fund, as may be determined by the Board Trustees. During the wind-down period, beginning one year before the Termination Date, the Fund may begin liquidating all or a portion of the Funds portfolio, and may deviate from its investment policies, including its policy of investing at least 80% of the value of its net assets in the securities of financial institutions and may not achieve its investment objective. During the wind-down period, the Funds portfolio composition may change as more of its portfolio holdings are called or sold and portfolio holdings are disposed of in anticipation of liquidation. Rather than reinvesting the proceeds of matured, called or sold securities, the Fund may invest such proceeds in short-term or other lower yielding securities or hold the proceeds in cash, which may adversely affect its performance. The Funds distributions during the wind-down period may decrease, and such distributions may include a return of capital. The Fund may distribute the proceeds in one or more liquidating distributions prior to the final liquidation, which may cause fixed expenses to increase when expressed as a percentage of assets under management. It is expected that Shareholders will receive cash in any liquidating distribution from the Fund, regardless of their participation in the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan. However, if on the Termination Date the Fund owns securities for which no market exists or securities trading at depressed prices, such securities may be placed in a liquidating trust. Shareholders generally will realize capital gain or loss upon the termination of the Fund in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash or other property received by the Shareholder (including any property deemed received by reason of its being placed in a liquidating trust) and the Shareholders adjusted tax basis in Shares of the Fund for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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Limited term and Eligible Tender Offer
If the Board believes that under then-current market conditions it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so, the Fund may extend the Termination Date (i) once for up to one year ( i.e., up to May 31, 2032), and (ii) once for up to an additional six months ( i.e., up to November 30, 2032), in each case upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. In determining whether to extend the Termination Date, the Board may consider the inability to sell the Funds assets in a time frame consistent with termination due to lack of market liquidity or other extenuating circumstances. Additionally, the Board may determine that market conditions are such that it is reasonable to believe that, with an extension, the Funds remaining assets will appreciate and generate income in an amount that, in the aggregate, is meaningful relative to the cost and expense of continuing the operation of the Fund.
The Board may cause the Fund to conduct an Eligible Tender Offer. An Eligible Tender Offer would consist of a tender offer to all Shareholders to purchase Shares of the Fund at a price equal to the NAV per Share on the expiration date of the tender offer, which shall be as of a date within twelve months preceding the Termination Date. The Board has established that, following an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund must have at least $100 million of net assets to ensure the continued viability of the Fund (the Termination Threshold). In an Eligible Tender Offer, the Fund will offer to purchase all Shares held by each Shareholder; provided, that if the number of properly tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling less than the Termination Threshold, the Eligible Tender Offer will be terminated and no Shares will be repurchased pursuant to the Eligible Tender Offer. Instead, the Fund will begin (or continue) liquidating its portfolio and proceed to terminate on or before the Termination Date.
If the number of properly tendered Shares would result in the Funds net assets totaling greater than the Termination Threshold, all Shares properly tendered and not withdrawn will be purchased by the Fund pursuant to the terms of the Eligible Tender Offer. See RisksLimited Term Risk. Following such completion of the Eligible Tender Offer, the Board may eliminate the Termination Date and convert the Fund to a perpetual trust upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. In making a decision to eliminate the Termination Date to provide for the Funds perpetual existence, the Board will take such actions with respect to the continued operations of the Fund as it deems to be in the best interests of the Fund, based on market conditions at such time, the extent of Shareholder participation in the Eligible Tender Offer and all other factors deemed relevant by the Board in consultation with the Adviser taking into account that the Adviser may have a potential conflict of interest in recommending to the Board that the Termination Date be eliminated and the Fund have a perpetual existence.
An Eligible Tender Offer would be made, and Shareholders would be notified thereof, in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Exchange Act and the applicable tender offer rules thereunder (including Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E under the Exchange Act). The repurchase of tendered Shares by the Fund in a tender offer would be a taxable event to Shareholders. The Adviser will pay all costs and expenses associated with the making of an Eligible Tender Offer, other than brokerage and related transaction costs associated with disposition of portfolio investments in connection with the Eligible Tender Offer, which will be borne by the Fund and its Shareholders.
An Eligible Tender Offer may be commenced upon approval of a majority of the Trustees, without Shareholder approval. The Fund is not required to conduct an Eligible Tender Offer. If no Eligible Tender Offer is conducted, the Fund will liquidate on or before the Termination Date (subject to extension as described above), unless the limited term provisions of the Declaration of Trust are amended with the vote of Shareholders, as described below.
74
Description of capital structure
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Funds issuance of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest of each class. Shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations organized for profit incorporated in the State of Delaware and therefore generally will not be personally liable for the Funds debts or obligations. The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of Shareholders in compliance with the requirements of the NYSE.
SHARES
Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, all Shares, when consideration for Shares is received by the Fund, will be fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to Shareholders if, as and when authorized and declared by the Board. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, Shares will have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Fund, and will be freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by law or contract. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board shall have the power to repurchase or redeem Shares. In the event of the Funds dissolution, after the Fund pays or adequately provides for the payment of all claims and obligations of the Fund, and upon the receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements deemed necessary by the Board, each Share will be entitled to receive, according to its respective rights, a pro rata portion of the Funds assets available for distribution for the applicable class, subject to any preferential rights of holders of the Funds outstanding preferred shares, if any. Each whole Share will be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share will be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. However, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or otherwise determined by the Board, classes of the Fund will vote separately from each other. Shareholders shall be entitled to vote on all matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust or a resolution of the Board. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Fund is not required to hold annual meetings of Shareholders. The Fund only expects to hold Shareholder meetings to the extent required by the 1940 Act or pursuant to special meetings called by the Board or a majority of Shareholders.
CREDIT FACILITY
The Fund may enter into definitive agreements with respect to a credit facility in an aggregate amount up to 33 1/3% of the Funds Managed Assets immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund expects that such a credit facility would contain covenants that, among other things, likely will limit the Funds ability to pay dividends in certain circumstances, incur additional debt and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations, and may require asset coverage ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion of its total assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Fund expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant, negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will enter into an agreement for a credit facility on terms and conditions representative of the foregoing, or that additional material terms will not apply. In addition, if entered into, any such credit facility may in the future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit facilities having substantially different terms.
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Description of capital structure
PREFERRED SHARES AND OTHER SECURITIES
Although the Fund does not currently intend to issue preferred shares, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may, subject to the Funds investment policies and restrictions and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Fund to issue securities of the Fund other than Shares (including preferred shares, debt securities or other senior securities), by action of the Board without the approval of Shareholders. The Board may determine the terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of such securities as the Board sees fit.
Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund must, immediately after the issuance of any preferred shares, have an asset coverage of at least 200%. Asset coverage means the ratio by which the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), bears to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness of the Fund, if any, plus the aggregate liquidation preference of the preferred shares. If the Fund issues preferred shares in the future, the Fund will limit such issuance so that the total amount of leverage outstanding will not exceed 40% of the Funds Managed Assets. If the Fund seeks a rating of the preferred shares, asset coverage requirements, in addition to those set forth in the 1940 Act, may be imposed. The liquidation value of the preferred shares is expected to equal their aggregate original purchase price plus redemption premium, if any, together with any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (on a cumulative basis), whether or not earned or declared. The terms of the preferred shares, including their dividend rate, voting rights, liquidation preference and redemption provisions, will be determined by the Board (subject to applicable law and the Declaration of Trust) if and when it authorizes the preferred shares. The Fund may issue preferred shares that provide for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through an auction or remarketing procedure, although the terms of the preferred shares may also enable the Fund to lengthen such intervals. At times, the dividend rate as redetermined on the Funds preferred shares may approach or exceed the Funds current income after expenses on the investment of proceeds from the preferred shares and the Funds leveraged capital structure would result in a lower rate of current income to Shareholders than if the Fund were not so structured.
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, the terms of any preferred shares may entitle the holders of preferred shares to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus redemption premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not earned or declared and on a cumulative basis) before any distribution of assets is made to Shareholders. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the preferred Shareholders would not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.
Preferred shares could be issued with rights and preferences that would adversely affect Shareholders. Preferred shares could also be used as an antitakeover device. Every issuance of preferred shares will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (i) immediately after issuance of preferred shares and before any distribution is made with respect to the shares and before any purchase of shares is made, the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference of such preferred Shares together with the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference or aggregate value of all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of the Funds total assets after deducting the amount of such distribution or purchase price, as the case may be; and (ii) the holders of preferred shares, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two Trustees at all times and to elect a majority of the Trustees if distributions on such preferred shares are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred shares.
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Description of capital structure
If the Fund issues preferred shares, the Fund expects that it will be subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for preferred shares issued by the Fund. These guidelines are expected to impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines would impede the Adviser from managing the Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies.
The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the Fund and an investment in the Fund. The discussion below provides general tax information related to an investment in the Fund, but does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund and does not address any state, local, non-U.S. or other tax consequences. It is based on the Code and U.S. Treasury regulations thereunder and administrative pronouncements, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a Shareholders particular circumstances, including (but not limited to) alternative minimum tax consequences and tax consequences applicable to Shareholders subject to special tax rules, such as certain financial institutions; dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting; persons holding Shares as part of a hedging transaction, wash sale, conversion transaction or integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to Shares; entities classified as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes; insurance companies; U.S. Shareholders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or tax-exempt entities, including individual retirement accounts or Roth IRAs. As with any taxable investment, Shareholders may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax on their income (including taxable income from the Fund), depending on their individual circumstances. Unless otherwise noted, the following discussion applies only to a Shareholder that holds Shares as a capital asset and is a U.S. Shareholder. A U.S. Shareholder generally is a beneficial owner of Shares who is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
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a trust if it (a) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A prospective Shareholder that is a partner in a partnership holding Shares should consult his, her or its tax advisors with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares.
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Tax aspects
The discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice. Tax laws are complex and often change, and Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
TAXATION OF THE FUND
The Fund intends to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and intends to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes as dividends to Shareholders. To qualify as a RIC in any tax year, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy both a source of income test and asset diversification tests. The Fund will satisfy these tests if (i) at least 90% of the Funds gross income for such tax year consists of dividends; interest; payments with respect to certain securities loans; gains from the sale or other disposition of shares, securities or foreign currencies; other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such shares, securities or currencies; and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (such income, Qualifying RIC Income); and (ii) the Funds holdings are diversified so that, at the end of each quarter of such tax year, (a) at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash equivalents, securities of other RICs, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested (x) in securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships. The Funds share of income derived from a partnership other than a qualified publicly-traded partnership will be treated as Qualifying RIC Income only to the extent that such income would have constituted Qualifying RIC Income if derived directly by the Fund. A qualified publicly-traded partnership is generally defined as an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes if (1) interests in such entity are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (2) less than 90% of its gross income for the relevant tax year consists of Qualifying RIC Income. The Code provides that the Treasury Department may by regulation exclude from Qualifying RIC Income foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the RICs principal business of investing in shares or securities (or options and futures with respect to shares or securities). The Fund anticipates that, in general, its foreign currency gains will be directly related to its principal business of investing in shares and securities.
In addition, to maintain RIC tax treatment, the Fund must distribute on a timely basis with respect to each tax year dividends of an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income and its net tax-exempt interest income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, to Shareholders (the 90% distribution requirement). If the Fund qualifies as a RIC and satisfies the 90% distribution requirement, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its investment company taxable income and net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes as dividends to Shareholders (including amounts that are reinvested pursuant to a dividend reinvestment program). In general, a RICs investment company taxable income for any tax year is its taxable income, determined without regard to net capital gains and with certain other adjustments. The Fund intends to distribute all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt interest income (if any) and net capital gains on an annual basis. Any taxable income, including any net capital gains, that the Fund does not distribute in a timely manner, will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates.
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If the Fund retains any net capital gains for reinvestment, it may elect to treat such capital gains as having been distributed to Shareholders. If the Fund makes such an election, each Shareholder will be required to report its share of such undistributed net capital gains as long-term capital gain and will be entitled to claim its share of the U.S. federal income taxes paid by the Fund on such undistributed net capital gains as a credit against its own U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and to claim a refund on a properly-filed U.S. federal income tax return to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability. In addition, each Shareholder will be entitled to increase the adjusted tax basis of its Shares by the difference between its share of such undistributed net capital gain and the related credit. There can be no assurance that the Fund will make this election if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain for a tax year.
As a RIC, the Fund will be, subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed amounts for each calendar year (the 4% excise tax). To avoid the 4% excise tax, the Fund must distribute in respect of each calendar year dividends of an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary taxable income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) generally for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year and (3) any ordinary income and capital gains for previous calendar years that were not distributed during those calendar years. For purposes of determining whether the Fund has met this distribution requirement, the Fund will be deemed to have distributed any income or gains previously subject to U.S. federal income tax. Furthermore, any distribution declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to Shareholders, of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following calendar year, will be treated for tax purposes as if it had been paid on December 31 of the calendar year in which the distribution was declared. The Fund generally intends to avoid the imposition of the 4% excise tax, but there can be no assurance in this regard.
If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC or fails to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in respect of any tax year, the Fund would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income, including its net capital gains, even if such income were distributed, and all distributions out of earnings and profits would be taxed as ordinary dividend income. Such distributions generally would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of certain corporate Shareholders and may be eligible to be qualified dividend income in the case of certain non-corporate Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and make distributions (any of which could be subject to interest charges) before re-qualifying for taxation as a RIC. If the Fund fails to satisfy either the income test or asset diversification test described above, in certain cases, however, the Fund may be able to avoid losing its status as a RIC by timely providing notice of such failure to the IRS, curing such failure and possibly paying an additional tax or penalty.
Some of the investments that the Fund is expected to make, such as investments in debt instruments having market discount and/or treated as issued with OID, may cause the Fund to recognize income or gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes prior to the receipt of any corresponding cash or other property. As a result, the Fund may have difficulty meeting the 90% distribution requirement necessary to maintain RIC tax treatment. Because this income will be included in the Funds investment company taxable income for the tax year it is accrued, the Fund may be required to make a distribution to Shareholders to meet the distribution requirements described above, even though the Fund will not have received any corresponding cash or property. The Fund may be required to borrow money, dispose of other securities or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose.
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Tax aspects
There may be uncertainty as to the appropriate treatment of certain of the Funds investments for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In particular, the Fund expects to invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments, TruPS and convertible securities. U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to such instruments are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund should recognize interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. The 2017 tax legislation amended certain income recognition rules, but the details of the application of the amended legislation remain subject to regulatory guidance. Although the Fund will seek to address these and other issues, to the extent necessary, in connection with the Funds general intention to distribute sufficient income to qualify, and maintain its qualification to be subject to tax as a RIC and to minimize the risk that it becomes subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax, no assurances can be given that the Fund will not be adversely affected as a result of such issues.
Income received by the Fund from sources outside the United States may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries, thereby reducing income available to the Fund. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. The Fund generally intends to conduct its investment activities to minimize the impact of foreign taxation, but there is no guarantee that the Fund will be successful in this regard. If more than 50% of the value of the Funds total assets at the close of its tax year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to elect to pass-through to the Fund the foreign source amount of income deemed earned and the respective amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If the Fund so elects, each Shareholder would be required to include in gross income, even though not actually received, each Shareholders pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by the Fund, but would be treated as having paid its pro rata share of such foreign taxes and would therefore be allowed to either deduct such amount in computing taxable income or use such amount as a foreign tax credit against federal income tax (but not both), in each case subject to various limitations.
The Fund may invest in shares of foreign companies that are classified under the Code as passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). In general, a foreign company is considered a PFIC if at least 50% of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. In general under the PFIC rules, an excess distribution received with respect to PFIC shares is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Fund held the PFIC shares. The Fund generally will be subject to tax on the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is allocated to the Funds holding period in prior tax years (and an interest factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such prior tax years) even though the Fund distributes the corresponding income to Shareholders. Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC shares as well as certain distributions and other income with respect to a PFIC. All excess distributions are taxable as ordinary income.
The Fund may be eligible to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC shares. Under one such election ( i.e. , a QEF election), the Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions are received from the PFIC. If this election is made, the special rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. Alternatively, the Fund may be able to elect to mark its PFIC shares to market, resulting in any unrealized gains at the Funds tax year end being treated as though they were recognized and reported as ordinary income. Any mark-to-market losses and any loss from an actual disposition of the PFIC shares would be deductible as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included in income in prior tax years with respect to shares in the same PFIC.
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Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income, gain or loss with respect to PFIC shares, as well as subject the Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC shares, the amount that must be distributed to Fund Shareholders, and which will be recognized by Fund Shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC shares. Note that distributions from a PFIC are not eligible for the reduced rate of tax on distributions of qualified dividend income as discussed below.
Some of the Structured Products in which the Fund invests may be PFICs, which are generally subject to the tax consequences described above. Investment in certain equity interests of Structured Products that are subject to treatment as PFICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes may cause the Fund to recognize income in a tax year in excess of the Funds distributions from such Structured Products, PFICs and the Funds proceeds from sales or other dispositions of equity interests in other Structured Products and other PFICs during that tax year. As a result, the Fund generally would be required to distribute such income to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs. The IRS recently issued final regulations that generally treat the Funds income inclusion with respect to a PFIC with respect to which the Fund has made a QEF election as Qualifying RIC Income either if (A) there is a current distribution out of the earnings and profits of the PFIC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to the Funds business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies.
If the Fund holds more than 10% of the interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation (CFC), including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in a Structured Product treated as CFC, the Fund may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each tax year from such foreign corporation of an amount equal to the Funds pro rata share of the foreign corporations earnings for such tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution to the Fund during such tax year. This deemed distribution is required to be included in the income of certain U.S. shareholders of a CFC, such as the Fund, regardless of whether a U.S. shareholder has made a QEF election with respect to such CFC. The Fund is generally required to distribute such income in order to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs, even to the extent the Funds income from a CFC exceeds the distributions from the CFC and the Funds proceeds from the sales or other dispositions of CFC stock during that tax year. In general, a foreign corporation will be treated as a CFC for U.S. federal income tax purposes if more than 50% of the shares of the foreign corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A U.S. Shareholder, for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the combined voting power or value of all classes of shares of a corporation. The IRS recently issued final regulations that generally treat the Funds income inclusion with respect to a CFC as Qualifying RIC Income either if (A) there is a distribution out of the earnings and profits of the CFC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to the Funds business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies.
The functional currency of the Fund, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is the U.S. dollar. Gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that occur between the time the Fund accrues interest income or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are respectively characterized as ordinary income or ordinary loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Similarly, on the sale of other disposition of certain investments, including debt securities, certain forward contracts, as well as other derivative financial instruments, denominated in a foreign
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currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are generally treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Code as section 988 gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of the Funds investment company taxable income subject to distribution to Fund Shareholders as ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the amount of income that the Fund must distribute to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and to prevent application of an excise tax on undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a tax year, the Fund would not be able to distribute amounts considered dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and any distributions during a tax year made by the Fund before such losses were recognized would be re-characterized as a return of capital to Fund Shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, rather than as ordinary dividend income, and would reduce each Fund Shareholders tax basis in Fund Shares.
If the Fund utilizes leverage through the issuance of preferred shares or borrowings, it will be prohibited from declaring a distribution or dividend if it would fail the applicable asset coverage test(s) under the 1940 Act after the payment of such distribution or dividend. In addition, certain covenants in credit facilities or indentures may impose greater restrictions on the Funds ability to declare and pay dividends on Fund Shares. Limits on the Funds ability to pay dividends on Fund Shares may prevent the Fund from meeting the distribution requirements described above and, as a result, may affect the Funds ability to be subject to tax as a RIC or subject the Fund to income tax or undistributed income or the 4% excise tax. The Fund endeavors to avoid restrictions on its ability to make distribution payments. If the Fund is precluded from making distributions on Fund Shares because of any applicable asset coverage requirements, the terms of preferred shares (if any) may provide that any amounts so precluded from being distributed, but required to be distributed by the Fund to enable the Fund to satisfy the distribution requirements that would enable the Fund to be subject to tax as a RIC, will be paid to the holders of preferred shares as a special distribution. This distribution can be expected to decrease the amount that holders of preferred shares would be entitled to receive upon repurchase or liquidation of such preferred shares.
Certain of the Funds investments are expected to be subject to special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (1) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (2) convert lower-taxed long-term capital gains into higher-taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (3) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss, the deductibility of which is more limited, (4) adversely affect when a purchase or sale of shares or securities is deemed to occur, (5) adversely alter the intended characterization of certain complex financial transactions, (6) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (7) treat dividends that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income as non-qualified dividend income, (8) treat dividends that would otherwise be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction as ineligible for such treatment and (9) produce income that will not constitute Qualifying RIC Income. The application of these rules could cause the Fund to be subject to U.S. federal income tax or the 4% excise tax and, under certain circumstances, could affect the Funds status as a RIC. The Fund monitors its investments and may make certain tax elections to mitigate the effect of these provisions.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Fund has qualified and maintain its qualification as a RIC and has satisfied the distribution requirements described above.
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TAXATION OF U.S. SHAREHOLDERS
Distributions
Distributions of the Funds ordinary income and net short-term capital gains will, except as described below with respect to distributions of qualified dividend income, generally be taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income to the extent such distributions are paid out of the Funds current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Properly reported distributions (or deemed distributions, as described above), if any, of net capital gains will be taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time a Shareholder has owned Shares. The ultimate tax characterization of the Funds distributions made in a tax year cannot be determined until after the end of the tax year. As a result, the Fund may make total distributions during a tax year in an amount that exceeds the current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund. A distribution of an amount in excess of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated by a Shareholder as a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce the Shareholders tax basis in its Shares. To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the Shareholders tax basis in its Shares, the excess will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of Shares. Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional Shares. Generally, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Shareholder receiving Shares under a dividend reinvestment program will be treated as having received a distribution equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead.
A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund, thereby reducing the tax basis of their investment. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholders original investment.
It is expected that a substantial portion of the Funds income will consist of ordinary income. For example, interest and OID derived by the Fund characterized as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, gain derived by the Fund from the disposition of debt instruments with market discount (generally, securities with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance acquired by the Fund at a price below the lesser of their stated redemption price at maturity or accreted value, in the case of securities with OID) will be characterized as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the market discount that has accrued, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, at the time of such disposition, unless the Fund makes an election to accrue market discount on a current basis. In addition, certain of the Funds investments will be subject to other special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may affect the character, increase the amount and/or accelerate the timing of distributions to Shareholders.
Properly reported distributions made by the Fund to a corporate Shareholder will qualify for the dividends-received deduction only to the extent that the distributions are attributable to qualifying dividends received by the Fund. In addition, any portion of the Funds dividends otherwise qualifying for the dividends-received deduction will be disallowed or reduced if the corporate Shareholder fails to satisfy certain requirements, including a holding period requirement, with respect to its Shares. Properly reported distributions of an individual or other non-corporate Shareholder will be treated as qualified dividend income to such Shareholder to the extent of the Funds qualified dividend income and generally will be taxed at long-term capital gain rates, provided the Shareholder satisfies the applicable holding period and other requirements. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends from domestic corporations and dividends from foreign corporations that meet certain specified criteria. Given
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the Funds investment strategy, it is not expected that a significant portion of the distributions made by the Fund will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction or the reduced rates applicable to qualified dividend income.
If a person acquires Shares shortly before the record date of a distribution, the price of the Shares may include the value of the distribution, and the person will be subject to tax on the distribution even though economically it may represent a return of his, her or its investment in such Shares.
Distributions paid by the Fund generally will be treated as received by a Shareholder at the time the distribution is made. However, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a distribution that is paid during the following tax year as if it had been paid during the tax year in which the income or gains supporting the distribution was earned. If the Fund makes such an election, the Shareholder will still be treated as receiving the distribution in the tax year in which the distribution is received. In this instance, however, any distribution declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to Shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following calendar year, will be treated for tax purposes as if it had been received by Shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which the distribution was declared.
Shareholders will be notified annually, as promptly as practicable after the end of each calendar year, as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions, and Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional Shares will receive a report as to the NAV of those Shares.
Sale or exchange of shares
The repurchase or transfer of Shares (including in connection with termination of the Fund) may result in a taxable gain or loss to the tendering Shareholder. Different tax consequences may apply for tendering and non-tendering Shareholders in connection with a repurchase offer. For example, if a Shareholder does not tender all of his or her Shares, such repurchase may be treated as a dividend (as opposed to a sale or exchange) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and may result in deemed distributions to non-tendering Shareholders. On the other hand, Shareholders holding Shares as capital assets who tender all of their Shares (including Shares deemed owned by Shareholders under constructive ownership rules) will be treated as having sold their Shares and generally will recognize capital gain or loss. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount received for the Shares and the Shareholders adjusted tax basis in the relevant Shares. Such gain or loss generally will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Shareholder has held such Shares as capital assets for more than one year. Otherwise, the gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Losses realized by a Shareholder on the sale or exchange of Shares held as capital assets for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of any distribution of long-term capital gains received (or deemed received, as discussed above) with respect to such Shares. In addition, no loss will be allowed on a sale or other disposition of Shares if the Shareholder acquires (including through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) Shares, or enters into a contract or option to acquire Shares, within 30 days before or after any disposition of such Shares at a loss. In such a case, the basis of the Shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Under current law, net capital gains recognized by non-corporate Shareholders are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax at lower rates than the rates applicable to ordinary income.
Corporate U.S. Shareholders currently are subject to U.S. federal income tax on net capital gain at the same rate as ordinary income. Non-corporate Shareholders with net capital losses for a tax year ( i.e. ,
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capital losses in excess of capital gains) generally may deduct up to $3,000 of such losses against their ordinary income each tax year. Any net capital losses of a non-corporate Shareholder in excess of $3,000 generally may be carried forward and used in subsequent tax years as provided in the Code. Corporate Shareholders generally may not deduct any net capital losses for a tax year, but may carry back such losses for three tax years or carry forward such losses for five tax years.
Medicare tax
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from repurchases or other taxable dispositions of Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such persons modified adjusted gross income (in the case of an individual) or adjusted gross income (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts. U.S. persons that are individuals, estates or trusts are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability of this tax to their income and gains in respect of their investment in the Fund.
Certain reporting requirements
Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a Shareholder recognizes losses with respect to Shares of $2 million or more for an individual Shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate Shareholder, the Shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct Shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Reporting of adjusted cost basis information is required for covered securities, which generally include shares of a RIC acquired after January 1, 2012, to the IRS and to taxpayers. Shareholders should contact their Financial Intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.
Backup withholding and information reporting
Information returns will be filed with the IRS in connection with payments on Shares and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of Shares. A Shareholder will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments if it fails to provide the payor with its correct taxpayer identification number (generally, in the case of a U.S. resident Shareholder, on an IRS Form W-9) and to make required certifications or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. Corporate Shareholders and certain other Shareholders generally are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against the applicable Shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
TAXATION OF NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS
Whether an investment in the Fund is appropriate for a non-U.S. Shareholder (as defined below) will depend upon that investors particular circumstances. An investment in the Fund by a non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences. Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors before investing in Shares.
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Tax aspects
The U.S. federal income taxation of a Shareholder that is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate or a foreign corporation, as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes (a non-U.S. Shareholder), depends on whether the income that the Shareholder derives from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the Shareholder.
If the income that a non-U.S. Shareholder derives from the Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such non-U.S. Shareholder, distributions of investment company taxable income (including any deemed distributions with respect to a repurchase offer) will generally be subject to a U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate provided under an applicable treaty). Alternatively, if the income that a non-U.S. Shareholder derives from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. Shareholder, the Fund will not be required to withhold U.S. federal tax if the non-U.S. Shareholder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although such income will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the manner described below and at the rates applicable to U.S. residents. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to this 30% withholding tax applicable to non-U.S. Shareholders.
A non-U.S. Shareholder whose income from the Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on capital gains distributions, any amounts retained by the Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of Shares. If, however, such a non-U.S. Shareholder is a nonresident alien individual and is physically present in the United States for 183 days or more during the tax year and meets certain other requirements such capital gains distributions, undistributed capital gains and gains from the sale or exchange of Shares will be subject to a 30% U.S. tax.
Furthermore, properly reported distributions by the Fund and received by non-U.S. Shareholders are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax when they (a) are paid by the Fund in respect of the Funds qualified net interest income ( i.e., the Funds U.S. source interest income, subject to certain exceptions, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income), or (b) are paid by the Fund in connection with the Funds qualified short-term capital gains (generally, the excess of the Funds net short-term capital gains over the Funds long-term capital losses for such tax year). However, depending on the circumstances, the Fund may designate all, some or none of the Funds potentially eligible distributions as derived from such qualified net interest income or from such qualified short-term capital gains, and a portion of such distributions ( e.g. , derived from interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding. Moreover, in the case of Shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may have withheld amounts even if the Fund reported all or a portion of a distribution as exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax. To qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. Shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. tax residency status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E, IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8IMY or IRS Form W-8EXP, or an acceptable substitute or successor form). There can be no assurance as to what portion, if any, of the Funds distributions would qualify for favorable treatment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gains. An investment in the Shares by a non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences as compared to a direct investment in the assets in which the Fund will invest.
If the income from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a non-U.S. Shareholder, any distributions of investment company taxable income, capital gains distributions, amounts retained by the Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of Shares will be subject to U.S. income tax, on a net income basis, in the same manner, and at the rates applicable to, U.S. persons. If such a non-U.S. Shareholder is a corporation, it may also be subject to the U.S. branch profits tax.
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Tax aspects
A non-U.S. Shareholder other than a corporation may be subject to backup withholding on net capital gains distributions that are otherwise exempt from withholding tax or on distributions that would otherwise be taxable at a reduced treaty rate if such Shareholder does not certify its non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establish an exemption.
If the Fund distributes net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions, a non-U.S. Shareholder will be entitled to a U.S. federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the Shareholders allocable share of the tax the Fund pays on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. To obtain the refund, the non-U.S. Shareholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. Shareholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a federal income tax return.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act provisions of the Code, withholding of U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) is required on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements in the Code designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts.
Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required.
The tax consequences to a non-U.S. Shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may differ from those described herein. Non-U.S. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, including the potential application of the U.S. estate tax.
OTHER TAXES
Shareholders may be subject to state, local and non-U.S. taxes applicable to their investment in the Fund. In those states or localities, entity-level tax treatment and the treatment of distributions made to Shareholders under those jurisdictions tax laws may differ from the treatment under the Code. Accordingly, an investment in Shares may have tax consequences for Shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in the Funds portfolio investments. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.
The Fund has retained Destra Capital Investments LLC (Destra) to provide investor support services in connection with the ongoing operation of the Fund. Such services include providing ongoing contact with respect to the Fund and its performance with financial advisors that are representatives of financial intermediaries, communicating with the NYSE specialist for the Shares, and with the closed-end fund analyst community regarding the Fund on a regular basis, and hosting and maintaining a website for the Fund. The Fund will pay Destra a services fee in an annual amount equal to 0.12% of the average aggregate daily value of the Funds Managed Assets during the Funds first year of operations and 0.10% of the average daily value of the Funds Managed Assets from the end of the Funds first year of operations through the Termination Date (as may be extended in accordance with the terms described herein. The compensation received by Destra pursuant to the investor support services agreement is for ongoing investor support services following the completion of this offering and is separate from the compensation Destra will receive for providing distribution assistance in connection with this offering.
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The underwriters named below (the Underwriters), acting through UBS Securities LLC, 1285 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10019; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, 550 South Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28202; Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., 787 7th Avenue, New York, New York 10019; Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., 85 Broad Street, New York, New York 10004; and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, 200 Vesey Street, New York, New York 10281, as their representatives (the Representatives), have severally agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of an underwriting agreement with the Fund and the Adviser (the Underwriting Agreement), to purchase from the Fund the number of Shares set forth opposite their respective names. The Underwriters are committed to purchase and pay for all such Shares (other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below) if any are purchased.
Underwriter |
Number of
Shares |
|||
UBS Securities LLC |
||||
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC |
||||
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. |
||||
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. |
||||
RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
||||
B. Riley Wealth Management, Inc. |
||||
Bancroft Capital, LLC |
||||
Brookline Capital Markets, a Division of CIM Securities, LLC |
||||
D.A. Davidson & Co. |
||||
Incapital LLC |
||||
Janney Montgomery Scott, LLC |
||||
JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC |
||||
Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. |
||||
Maxim Group LLC |
||||
National Securities Corporation |
||||
Newbridge Securities Corporation |
||||
Pershing LLC |
||||
Sandler ONeill & Partners, L. P. |
||||
Wedbush Securities Inc. |
||||
|
|
|||
Total |
||||
|
|
If an Underwriter fails to purchase the Shares it has agreed to purchase, the Underwriting Agreement provides that one or more substitute underwriters may be found, the purchase commitments of the remaining Underwriters may be increased or the Underwriting Agreement may be terminated.
The Fund has granted to the Underwriters an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional Shares to cover over-allotments, if any, at the initial offering price. The Underwriters may exercise such option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments incurred in the sale of the Shares offered hereby. To the extent that the Underwriters exercise this option, each of the Underwriters will have a firm commitment, subject to certain conditions, to purchase an additional number of Shares proportionate to such Underwriters initial commitment.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the Shares included in this offering are subject to approval of certain legal matters by counsel and certain other conditions.
88
Underwriting
Investors purchasing Shares in this offering will not be charged a sales load. The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, compensation of up to $0.60 per Share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering, which aggregate amount will not exceed % of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering. See Additional Compensation to be Paid by the Adviser, below. The Representatives have advised the Fund that the Underwriters may pay up to $ per Share from such compensation to selected dealers who sell the Shares and that such dealers may reallow a concession of up to $ per Share to certain other dealers who sell Shares.
Investors must pay for any Shares purchased on or before , 2019.
The Adviser (and not the Fund) will pay all organizational expenses of the Fund and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Fund is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Adviser.
The Adviser has agreed to pay expenses related to the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with the review by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) of the terms of the sale of the Common Shares, in an amount not to exceed $25,000, and the filing fees incident to the filing of this offering with FINRA.
In addition, the Adviser has agreed to pay costs and expenses of counsel to the Underwriters and out of pocket expenses related to the offering payable by the Underwriters in an amount not to exceed $250,000.00 in the event that this offering is not completed, and to pay 50% of fees and expenses of counsel to the Underwriters and out of pocket expenses related to the offering payable by the Underwriters in an amount not to exceed $125,000.00 in the event that aggregate gross proceeds of this offering (excluding any exercise of the overallotment option) is less than $100 million.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public or private market for the Shares or any other securities of the Fund. Consequently, the offering price for the Shares was determined by negotiation among the Fund and the Representatives. There can be no assurance, however, that the price at which the Shares sell after this offering will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the Underwriters or that an active trading market in the Shares will develop and continue after this offering. The Funds Shares are expected to be listed on the NYSE under the trading or ticker symbol FINS, subject to notice of issuance.
In connection with the requirements for listing the Shares on the NYSE, the Underwriters have undertaken to sell lots of 100 or more Shares to a minimum of 400 beneficial owners in the United States. The minimum investment requirement is 50 Shares.
The Fund and the Adviser have each agreed to indemnify the several Underwriters for or to contribute to the losses arising out of certain liabilities, including liabilities under the 1933 Act, or to contribute to payments the Underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities, except in the cases of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of applicable obligations and duties.
The Fund has agreed not to offer, sell or register with the SEC any additional equity securities of the Fund, other than issuances (1) of Shares hereby, (2) of preferred shares or (3) pursuant to the Funds dividend reinvestment plan, for a period of 180 days after the date of the Underwriting Agreement without the prior written consent of the Representatives.
Certain types of investors, including employees of the Adviser and its affiliates or strategic partners, who have indicated an interest in purchasing Shares in this offering have agreed that for a period of 180 days
89
Underwriting
from the date of this prospectus, such party will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, on behalf of the Underwriters, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of or agree to sell or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or hedge any Shares or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares, provided, however, that in such party may sell or otherwise dispose of Shares pursuant to certain limited exceptions. The Representatives in their sole discretion may release any of the securities subject to these lock-up agreements at any time.
In connection with this offering, the Underwriters may purchase and sell Shares in the open market. These transactions may include over-allotment and stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover syndicate short positions created in connection with this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Shares and syndicate short positions involve the sale by the Underwriters of a greater number of Shares than they are required to purchase from the Fund in this offering. The Underwriters also may impose a penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers in respect of the Shares sold in this offering for their account may be reclaimed by the syndicate if such Shares are repurchased by the syndicate in stabilizing or covering transactions. These activities may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the Shares, which may be higher than the price that might otherwise prevail in the open market; and these activities, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time without notice. These transactions may be effected on the NYSE or otherwise.
In connection with the offering, certain of the Underwriters or selected dealers may distribute prospectuses electronically.
The Fund anticipates that from time to time certain of the Underwriters may act as brokers or dealers in connection with the execution of the Funds portfolio transactions after they have ceased to be Underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, may act as brokers while they are Underwriters. Certain Underwriters have performed investment banking and advisory services for the Adviser and its affiliates from time to time, for which they have received customary fees and expenses. Certain Underwriters may, from time to time, engage in transactions with or perform services for the Adviser and its affiliates in the ordinary course of business.
ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION TO BE PAID BY THE ADVISER AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS
The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay from its own assets, underwriting compensation of up to $0.60 per Share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering, which aggregate amount will not exceed % of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering. Such per share underwriting compensation payable by the Adviser may be reduced with respect to the purchase of Shares by certain types of investors, including employees of the Adviser and its affiliates or strategic partners; individuals purchasing Shares through certain types of fee-based advisory accounts; and individuals purchasing Shares through accounts with certain registered investment advisors.
The Adviser (and not the Fund) has also agreed to pay, from its own assets, to each of UBS Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC a fee for advice relating to the structure, design and organization of the Fund as well as for services related to the sale and distribution of the Funds Shares in the amount of $ , $ , $ , $ , and $ , respectively. If the over-allotment option is not exercised, the structuring fee paid to each of UBS Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., Oppenheimer & Co.
90
Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC will not exceed %, %, %, %, and %, respectively, of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering.
The Adviser has entered into a distribution agreement with Destra under which Destra provides assistance to the Adviser with respect to distribution of the Shares. The fees and reimbursement of expenses due pursuant to this distribution agreement will be paid exclusively by the Adviser (and not the Fund). The Adviser has agreed to compensate Destra, including reimbursement of expenses, in the amount of up to $ . If the over-allotment option is not exercised, the compensation paid to Destra will not exceed % of the total public offering price. Destra is a registered broker-dealer and a member of FINRA and may be deemed an underwriter for purposes of this offering under the 1933 Act, although Destra will not purchase or resell any of the Shares in connection with the offering.
The Adviser has entered into a consulting arrangement with a consultant to Click IPO Securities, LLC pursuant to which the consultant will provide the Adviser with advice regarding the design, structuring and marketing strategies of the Fund. The Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay a consulting fee to Click IPO Securities, LLC in the amount of $ . If the over-allotment option is not exercised, the compensation paid to Click IPO Securities, LLC will not exceed % of the total public offering price. Click IPO Securities, LLC is a registered broker-dealer and a member of FINRA and may participate as an underwriter in the offering.
The sum of all compensation to the Underwriters in connection with this public offering of Shares, including the underwriting compensation payable by the Adviser, the structuring fees, and all forms of additional payments to the Underwriters, the payments to Click IPO Securities, LLC, the payments to Destra pursuant to the distribution agreement and certain other expenses will not exceed % of the total public offering price of the Shares sold in this offering.
91
For accounting purposes, the Funds fiscal year and tax year is expected to end on January 31. As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar year, a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the sources of the distributions paid by the Fund to Shareholders for tax purposes will be furnished to Shareholders subject to IRS reporting. In addition, the Fund will prepare and transmit to Shareholders an unaudited semi-annual and an audited annual report within 60 days after the close of the period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act.
Custodian, administrator and transfer agent
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, which has its principal office at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, acts as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent to the Fund. U.S. Bank, which has its principal office at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, acts as the custodian to the Fund.
Dechert LLP, 1900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Fund. Certain legal matters will be passed on for the Underwriters by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, 155 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
This prospectus concisely provides the information that a prospective investor should know about the Fund before investing. Investors are advised to read this prospectus carefully and to retain it for future reference. Additional information about the Fund, including the Statement of Additional Information, dated , 2019, has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. The Statement of Additional Information and, when available, the Funds annual and semi-annual reports and other information filed with the SEC, can be obtained upon request and without charge by writing to the Fund at c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services at P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, by calling (855) 751-4324 or by visiting the Funds website at www.angeloakcapital.com. The table of contents of the Statement of Additional Information appears on page 94 of this prospectus. Investors may request the Funds Statement of Additional Information, annual and semi-annual reports, when available, and other information about the Fund or make Shareholder inquiries by calling (855) 751-4324 or by visiting www.angeloakcapital.com. In addition, the contact information provided above may be used to request additional information about the Fund and to make Shareholder inquiries. The Statement of Additional Information, other material incorporated by reference into this prospectus and other information about the Fund is also available on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov . The address of the SECs website is provided solely for the information of prospective investors and is not intended to be an active link.
92
The Fund does not disclose any nonpublic personal information about Shareholders or former Shareholders to nonaffiliated third parties except to service or manage the Shareholders account or as permitted by law. Furthermore, the Fund restricts access to the personal information of Shareholders to employees of the Adviser or service providers (for example, to a transfer agent or administrator) who need that information to provide services to the Shareholder. If a Shareholder closes his or her account, the Fund will continue to adhere to its privacy policy with respect to the nonpublic personal information of that Shareholder. The disposal of nonpublic personal information shall be done in a secure manner as described in the Advisers compliance manual. The Fund maintains physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the non-public personal information of its Shareholders.
Inquiries concerning the Fund and the Shares should be directed to:
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
93
The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, dated May 3, 2019
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
, 2019
This Statement of Additional Information (the SAI) provides additional information to the Prospectus for Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Fund) dated , 2019 as it may be amended from time to time. This SAI is not a prospectus and should only be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. You may obtain the Prospectus without charge by writing to the Angel Oak Funds, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services at P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, by calling (855) 751-4324 or by visiting the Funds website at www.angeloakcapital.com.
Investors in the Fund will be informed of the Funds progress through periodic reports. Financial statements certified by an independent registered public accounting firm will be submitted to Shareholders at least annually. Once available, copies of the Annual Report to Shareholders may be obtained upon request, without charge, by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number listed above.
1 | ||||
18 | ||||
29 | ||||
30 | ||||
31 | ||||
32 | ||||
39 | ||||
39 | ||||
40 | ||||
F-1 | ||||
F-3 |
The Funds principal investment strategies and the risks associated with the same are described in the Prospectus Summary and Investment Objective and Strategies and Risks sections of the Prospectus. The following discussion provides additional information about those principal investment strategies and related risks, as well as information about investment strategies (and related risks) that the Fund may utilize, even though they are not considered to be principal investment strategies. Accordingly, an investment strategy (and related risk) that is described below, but which is not described in the Prospectus, should not be considered to be a principal strategy (or related risk) applicable to the Fund.
Borrowing. The Fund may borrow for investment purposes and for other purposes permitted by the 1940 Act. Under current law as interpreted by the SEC and its staff, the Fund may borrow money in the amount of up to one-third of the Funds total assets for any purpose and up to 5% of the Funds total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. The Funds total assets include the amounts being borrowed. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect to permitted borrowings. Borrowing tends to amplify the effects on the Funds net asset value (NAV) of any change in the Funds portfolio securities. Borrowing subjects the Fund to costs in the form of interest, which the Fund may not recover through investment earnings. The Fund may also be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. These types of requirements would increase the cost of borrowing to the Fund over the stated interest rate.
Cash Investments. When Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (Angel Oak or the Adviser) believes market, economic or political conditions are unfavorable for investors, the Adviser may invest up to 100% of the Funds net assets in cash, cash equivalents or other short-term investments. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, or the U.S. economy. The Adviser also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity.
Collateralized Debt Obligations ( CDOs ). The Fund may invest in CDOs. A CDO is a security backed by a pool of bonds, loans and other debt obligations. CDOs are not limited to investing in one type of debt and accordingly, a CDO may own corporate bonds, commercial loans, asset-backed securities, residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and emerging market debt. The CDOs securities are typically divided into several classes, or bond tranches, that have differing levels of investment grade or credit tolerances. Most CDO issues are structured in a way that enables the senior bond classes and mezzanine classes to receive investment-grade credit ratings. Credit risk is shifted to the most junior class of securities. If any defaults occur in the assets backing a CDO, the senior bond classes are first in line to receive principal and interest payments, followed by the mezzanine classes and finally by the lowest rated (or non-rated) class, which is known as the equity tranche. Similar in structure to a collateralized mortgage obligation (described above) CDOs are unique in that they represent different types of debt and credit risk.
Collateralized Loan Obligations ( CLOs ). The Fund may invest in CLOs, which are debt instruments typically backed by a pool of loans. The risks of an investment in a CLO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CLO in which the Fund invests. Some CLOs have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold (that is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal interest rate, default and other risks of fixed income securities, CLOs carry additional risks, including the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments, the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default, the Fund may invest in CLOs that are subordinate to other classes, values may be volatile, and disputes with the issuer may produce unexpected investment results.
Convertible Securities . The Fund may invest in convertible securities which are preferred stocks or bonds that pay a fixed dividend or interest payment and are convertible into common stock or other equity interests at a specified price or conversion ratio during a specified period. Although convertible bonds, convertible preferred stocks, and other securities convertible into equity securities may have some attributes of income securities or debt securities, the Fund generally treats such securities as equity securities. By investing in convertible securities, the Fund may seek income, and may also seek the opportunity, through the conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock or other interests into which the securities are convertible, while potentially earning a higher fixed rate of return than is ordinarily available in common stocks. While the value of convertible securities depends in part on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuers, the value of these securities will also change based on changes in the value of the underlying stock. Income paid by a convertible security may provide a limited cushion against a decline in the price of the security; however, convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stocks. Also, convertible bonds generally pay less income than non-convertible bonds.
1
The Fund may invest in contingent securities structured as contingent convertible securities, also known as CoCos. Contingent convertible securities are a hybrid debt securities typically issued by non-U.S. banks and are designed to behave like bonds in times of economic health and either convert into equity at a predetermined share price or are written down in value based on the specific terms of the individual security if a pre-specified trigger event occurs. Unlike traditional convertible securities, the conversion of a contingent convertible security from debt to equity is contingent and will occur only in the case of a trigger event. Trigger events vary by instrument and are defined by the documents governing the contingent convertible security. Trigger events may include a decline in the issuers capital below a specified threshold level, increase in the issuers risk weighted assets, the share price of the issuer falling to a particular level for a certain period of time and certain regulatory events.
Contingent convertible securities are subject to the credit, interest rate, high yield security, foreign security and markets risks associated with bonds and equities, and to the risks specific to convertible securities in general. Contingent convertible securities are also subject to additional risks specific to their structure including conversion risk. Because trigger events are not consistently defined among contingent convertible securities, this risk is greater for contingent convertible securities that are issued by banks with capital ratios close to the level specified in the trigger event.
In addition, coupon payments on contingent convertible securities are discretionary and may be cancelled by the issuer at any point, for any reason, and for any length of time. Due to the uncertainty surrounding coupon payments, contingent convertible securities may be volatile and their price may decline rapidly in the event that coupon payments are suspended.
Convertible contingent securities are a newer form of instrument and the regulatory environment for these instruments continues to evolve. Because the market for contingent convertible securities is evolving, it is uncertain how the larger market for contingent convertible securities would react to a trigger event or coupon suspension applicable to a single issuer.
Corporate Debt Securities. Corporate debt securities are long- and short-term debt obligations issued by companies (such as publicly issued and privately placed bonds, notes and commercial paper). The Adviser considers corporate debt securities to be of investment grade quality if they are rated BBB or higher by Standard & Poors (S&P), a division of the McGraw Hill Companies, or Baa or higher by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys), or if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Investment grade debt securities generally have adequate to strong protection of principal and interest payments. In the lower end of this category, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than in higher rated categories.
Credit Linked Notes ( CLNs ). The Fund may invest in CLNs. A CLN is a security with an embedded credit default swap allowing the issuer to transfer a specific credit risk to credit investors.
Cybersecurity Risk. As technology becomes more integrated into the Funds operations, the Fund will face greater operational risks through breaches in cybersecurity. A breach in cybersecurity refers to both intentional and unintentional events that may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, or lose operational capacity. This in turn could cause the Fund to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and/or financial loss. Cybersecurity threats may result from unauthorized access to the Funds digital information systems ( e.g. , through hacking or malicious software coding), but may also result from outside attacks such as denial-of-service attacks ( i.e. , efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). In addition, because the Fund works closely with third-party service providers ( e.g. , administrators, transfer agents, custodians and sub-advisers), cybersecurity breaches at such third-party service providers may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cybersecurity breaches. The same is true for cybersecurity breaches at any of the issuers in which the Fund may invest. While the Fund has established risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity, there can be no assurance that such measures will succeed.
Derivative Instruments. The Funds derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets of the Fund, which creates the possibility that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying assets in the Funds portfolio; the loss of principal; the possible default of the other party to the transaction and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security.
The counterparty risk for cleared derivative transactions is generally lower than for uncleared over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in
2
effect, guarantees the parties performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing house, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Fund.
Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund may invest may, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Adviser to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Funds derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain.
OTC derivatives may be more difficult to purchase, sell or value than other investments. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract may be adversely affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund would continue to be required to make cash payments of variation (or mark-to-market) margin in the event of adverse price movements. In such a situation, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The inability to close derivatives transactions positions also could have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. OTC derivatives that are not cleared are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligation to complete the transaction with the Fund. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the Funds contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the Funds rights as a creditor ( e.g. , the Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). In addition, the use of certain derivatives may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of income or short-term capital gains (generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates).
The derivatives markets have become subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. In particular, in the United States the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act) regulates the OTC derivatives market by, among other things, requiring many derivative transactions to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expanding entity registration requirements, imposing business conduct requirements on dealers and requiring banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. Rulemaking proposed or implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategies, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or may change availability of certain investments.
The Funds investments in regulated derivatives instruments, such as swaps, futures and options, will be subject to maximum position limits established by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) and U.S. and foreign futures exchanges. Under the exchange rules all accounts owned or managed by advisers, such as the Adviser, their principals and affiliates would be combined for position limit purposes. To comply with the position limits established by the CFTC and the relevant exchanges, the Adviser may in the future reduce the size of positions that would otherwise be taken for the Fund or not trade in certain markets on behalf of the Fund to avoid exceeding such limits. A violation of position limits by the Adviser could lead to regulatory action resulting in mandatory liquidation of certain positions held by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will liquidate positions held on behalf of all the Advisers accounts in a proportionate manner or at favorable prices, which may result in substantial losses to the Fund. Such policies could affect the nature and extent of derivatives use by the Fund.
Swaps. The Fund may invest in credit default swaps, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, equity swaps, currency swaps and other types of swaps. Such transactions are subject to market risk, liquidity risk, risk of default by the other party to the transaction, known as counterparty risk, regulatory risk and risk of imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets and may involve commissions or other costs.
A credit default swap agreement may reference one or more debt securities or obligations that are not currently held by the Fund. The Fund is permitted to enter into a credit default swap as either the protection buyer or seller in the discretion of the Adviser. When
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buying protection under a credit default swap, the Fund is generally obligated to pay the protection seller an upfront or periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract until a credit event occurs, such as a default of the reference obligation. If no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through the terminate date. However, if a credit event does occur, the Fund may receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for the face amount of the obligations underlying the swap, the value of which may have significantly decreased. When selling protection under a credit default swap, the Fund receives an upfront or periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that a credit event does not occur. However, as the seller of protection, the Fund effectively adds leverage to its portfolio because it gains exposure to the notional amount of the swap. Entering into a credit default swap may subject the Fund to greater risk than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps also involve illiquidity risk, counter-party risk (for OTC swaps) and credit risk.
Swap agreements are primarily entered into by institutional investors and the value of such agreements may be extremely volatile. Certain swap agreements are traded OTC between two parties, while other more standardized swaps must be transacted through a Futures Commission Merchant and centrally cleared or exchange-traded. While central clearing and exchange-trading are intended to reduce counterparty credit and liquidity risk, they do not make a swap transaction risk-free. The current regulatory environment regarding swap agreements is subject to change. The Adviser will continue to monitor these developments, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Funds ability to enter into swap agreements.
The swap market has matured in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid; however there is no guarantee that the swap market will continue to provide liquidity and may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The inability to close derivative positions also could have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates or currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. In a total return swap, the Fund pays the counterparty a floating short-term interest rate and receive in exchange the total return of underlying loans or debt securities. The Fund bears the risk of default on the underlying loans or debt securities, based on the notional amount of the swap and, therefore, incurs a form of leverage. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation.
The Fund will cover its swap positions by segregating an amount of cash and/or liquid securities as required by the 1940 Act and applicable SEC interpretations and guidance from time to time.
Options and Futures Risk. The Fund may utilize options, including equity options, futures contracts and so-called synthetic options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible financial intermediaries. Options transactions may be effected on securities exchanges or in the OTC market. When options are purchased OTC, the Funds portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options may also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options also may include options on baskets of specific securities.
The Fund may purchase call and put options on specific securities, and may write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objectives. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option for American options or only at expiration for European options. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of such an option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. A covered put option is a put option with respect to which cash or liquid securities have been placed in a segregated account on the books of or with a custodian to fulfill the obligation undertaken. The sale of such an option exposes the seller during the term of the option to a decline in price of the underlying security while depriving the seller of the opportunity to invest the segregated assets.
The Fund may close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same underlying security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option.
Engaging in transactions in futures contracts and options involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a
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particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses.
A market could become unavailable if one or more exchanges were to stop trading options or it could become unavailable with respect to options on a particular underlying security if the exchanges stopped trading options on that security. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events ( e.g. , volume exceeds clearing capability) were to interrupt normal exchange operations. If an options market were to become illiquid or otherwise unavailable, an option holder would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising and an options seller or writer would remain obligated until it is assigned an exercise or until the option expires.
If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is usually halted as well. Holders and writers of options will then be unable to close out their positions until options trading resumes, and they may be faced with considerable losses if the security reopens at a substantially different price. Even if options trading is halted, holders of options will generally be able to exercise them. However, if trading has also been halted in the underlying security, option holders face the risk of exercising options without knowing the securitys current market value. If exercises do occur when trading of the underlying security is halted, the party required to deliver the underlying security may be unable to obtain it, which may necessitate a postponed settlement and/or the fixing of cash settlement prices.
Structured Notes. Structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate and/or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. The value of the principal of and/or interest on structured notes is determined by reference to changes in the return, interest rate or value at maturity of a specific asset, reference rate or index (the reference instrument) or the relative change in two or more reference instruments. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased, depending upon changes in the applicable reference instruments. Structured notes may be positively or negatively indexed, so that an increase in value of the reference instrument may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or value of the structured note at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the structured note at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference; therefore, the value of such note may be very volatile. Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference instrument. Structured notes may also be more volatile, less liquid and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities. In order to cover structured notes, the Fund, to the extent required by the SEC, will designate assets to cover its obligations with respect to such instruments.
Dollar Rolls. A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by the Fund of a security concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase a similar security at a later date at an agreed-upon price. A dollar roll may be considered a borrowing giving rise to leverage. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate and a similar maturity as those sold, but the assets collateralizing these securities may have different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, the Fund will not be entitled to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in additional investments, and the income from these investments will generate income for the Fund. If such income does not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities subject to the Funds forward purchase commitment may decline below, or the market value of the securities subject to the Funds forward sale commitment may increase above, the exercise price of the forward commitment. In the event the buyer of the securities files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of the proceeds of the current sale portion of the transaction may be restricted.
Equity Securities.
Common and Preferred Stock . The Fund may invest in common stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a companys stock price.
The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
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The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the markets perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a companys worth. If you invest in the Fund, you should be willing to accept the risks of the stock market and should consider an investment in the Fund only as a part of your overall investment portfolio.
Warrants. The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are securities, typically issued with preferred stock or bonds that give the holder the right to purchase a given number of shares of common stock at a specified price and time. The price of the warrant usually represents a premium over the applicable market value of the common stock at the time of the warrants issuance. Warrants have no voting rights with respect to the common stock, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid market for the resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations due to adverse market conditions or other factors and failure of the price of the common stock to rise. If the warrant is not exercised within the specified time period, it becomes worthless.
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), Holding Company Depositary Receipts (HOLDRs), New York Registered Shares (NYRs) or American Depositary Shares (ADSs). ADRs typically are issued by a U.S. bank or trust company, evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign company, and are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. EDRs are issued by European financial institutions and typically trade in Europe and GDRs are issued by European financial institutions and typically trade in both Europe and the United States. HOLDRs trade on the American Stock Exchange and are fixed baskets of U.S. or foreign stocks that give an investor an ownership interest in each of the underlying stocks. NYRs, also known as Guilder Shares since most of the issuing companies are Dutch, are dollar-denominated certificates issued by foreign companies specifically for the U.S. market. ADSs are shares issued under a deposit agreement that represents an underlying security in the issuers home country. (An ADS is the actual share trading, while an ADR represents a bundle of ADSs.) The Fund invests in depositary receipts to obtain exposure to foreign securities markets. For purposes of the Funds investment policies, the Funds investments in an ADR will be considered an investment in the underlying securities of the applicable foreign company.
Unsponsored depositary receipts may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these receipts generally bear all the costs of the depositary receipt facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs of a sponsored depositary receipt. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored depositary receipt may be under no obligation to distribute Shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Accordingly, available information concerning the issuer may not be current and the prices of unsponsored depositary receipts may be more volatile than the prices of sponsored depositary receipts.
European Securities. European countries can be significantly affected by the actions of their own individual governments as well as the actions of other European institutions, such as the European Union (EU), the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the European Central Bank. The EU is an intergovernmental and supranational union consisting of 28 member states. One of the key responsibilities of the EU is to create and administer a unified trade policy. The member states created the EMU that established different stages and commitments that member states need to follow to achieve greater economic policy coordination and monetary cooperation. Member states relinquish their monetary control to the European Central Bank and use a single unified currency, the euro.
Investments in Europe are also subject to currency risks. Further, because many countries are dependent on foreign exports, any fluctuations in the euro exchange rate could have a negative effect on an issuers profitability and performance.
The EU has been extending its influence to the east as it has accepted several new Eastern European countries as members. Some of the new members remain burdened by the inherited inefficiencies of centrally planned economies. Additionally, these countries are dependent on Western Europe for trade and credit. The current and future status of the EU continues to be the subject of political and regulatory controversy, with widely differing views both within and between member countries.
The European financial markets have experienced uncertainty over the past few years, largely because of concerns about rising government debt levels and increased budget deficits. Political and regulatory responses to address structural and policy issues have created even greater instability throughout the region. The high levels of public debt increases the likelihood that certain European issuers will either default or restructure their debt obligations, which would have a negative effect on asset values. The use of austerity measures in countries such as Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal and Ireland during times in which the eurozone has high levels of unemployment has limited economic growth. European countries can be adversely affected by the tight fiscal and monetary controls that the EMU requires its members to comply with.
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In a recent referendum, citizens of the United Kingdom (the UK) voted to withdraw from the EU, which caused significant volatility in global financial markets. In March 2017, the UK formally triggered Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, launching a two-year period of negotiations regarding the terms of the UKs withdrawal from the EU (commonly referred to as Brexit). There is still significant uncertainty regarding the potential consequences and precise timeframe for Brexit. During this period of uncertainty, the UK and European economies and the broader global economy may experience increased volatility and illiquidity, and companies that conduct a significant amount of business in the UK or Europe may experience lower revenue and/or profit growth, all of which may adversely affect the value of the Funds investments. The Brexit also may cause additional member states to contemplate departing from the EU, which would likely perpetuate political and economic instability in the region and cause additional market disruption in global financial markets.
Exchange-Traded Notes. The Fund may invest in exchange-traded notes (ETNs). ETNs are a type of senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by financial institutions that combines both aspects of bonds and exchange traded funds (ETFs). An ETNs returns are based on the performance of a market index minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETNs maturity, at which time the issuer will pay a return linked to the performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees.
Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments and principal is not protected. ETNs are subject to credit risk and the value of an ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuers credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuers credit rating, and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Funds decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.
ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will accept, or a court will uphold, how the Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress have considered proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.
An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form.
The market value of ETN shares may differ from their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.
Financial Sector Risk. The Fund will invest in securities tied to the financial sector. Companies in the financial sector of an economy are often subject to extensive governmental regulation and intervention, which may adversely affect the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must maintain. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financial sector, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The Funds emphasis on community banks may make the Fund more economically vulnerable in the event of a downturn in the banking industry. Community banks may face heightened risks of failure during times of economic downturns that larger banks. Community banks may also be subject to greater lending risks than larger banks.
Certain risks may impact the value of investments in the financial sector more severely than those of investments outside this sector, including the risks associated with companies that operate with substantial financial leverage. Companies in the financial sector may also be adversely affected by increases in interest rates and loan losses, decreases in the availability of money or asset valuations, credit rating downgrades and adverse conditions in other related markets.
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Fixed Income Securities. The Fund may invest in fixed income securities. Even though interest-bearing securities are investments that promise a stable stream of income, the prices of such securities are affected by changes in interest rates. In general, fixed income security prices rise when interest rates fall and fall when interest rates rise. Securities with shorter maturities, while offering lower yields, generally provide greater price stability than longer term securities and are less affected by changes in interest rates. The values of fixed income securities also may be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entities. Once the rating of a portfolio security has been changed, the Fund will consider all circumstances deemed relevant in determining whether to continue to hold the security.
Fixed income investments bear certain risks, including credit risk, or the ability of an issuer to pay interest and principal as they become due. Generally, higher yielding bonds are subject to more credit risk than lower yielding bonds. Interest rate risk refers to the fluctuations in value of fixed income securities resulting from the inverse relationship between the market value of outstanding fixed income securities and changes in interest rates. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the market value of fixed income investments and a decline in interest rates will tend to increase their value.
Call risk is the risk that an issuer will pay principal on an obligation earlier than scheduled or expected, which would accelerate cash flows from, and shorten the average life of, the security. Bonds are typically called when interest rates have declined. In the event of a bond being called, the Adviser may have to reinvest the proceeds in lower yielding securities to the detriment of the Fund.
Extension risk is the risk that an issuer may pay principal on an obligation slower than expected, having the effect of extending the average life and duration of the obligation. This typically happens when interest rates have increased.
A number of factors, including changes in a central banks monetary policies or general improvements in the economy, may cause interest rates to rise. Fixed income securities with longer durations are more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations, making them more volatile. This means their prices are more likely to experience a considerable reduction in response to a rise in interest rates.
High Yield Securities. When investing in fixed income securities, the Fund may purchase securities regardless of their rating, including fixed income securities rated below investment grade securities rated below investment grade are often referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. Investments in securities rated below investment grade that are eligible for purchase by the Fund are described as speculative by Moodys, S&P and Fitch. Investments in lower rated corporate debt securities generally provide greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk. These high yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high yield may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.
High yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. The prices of high yield securities have been found to be more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high yield security prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, the Fund by investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to obtain recovery. In the case of high yield securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than securities that pay interest periodically and in cash.
The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which the Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the daily NAV of the shares. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.
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The use of credit to evaluate high yield securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated. The Adviser does not rely solely on credit ratings when selecting securities for the Fund, and develops its own analysis of issuer credit quality. If a credit rating agency changes the rating of a portfolio security held by the Fund, the Fund may retain the security if the Adviser deems it in the best interest of Shareholders.
Hybrid Securities. Preferred stock, including trust-preferred stocks, has a preference in liquidation (and, generally dividends) over common stock but is subordinated in liquidation to debt. As a general rule the market value of preferred stocks with fixed dividend rates and no conversion rights varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, with the price determined by the dividend rate. Some preferred stocks are convertible into other securities (for example, common stock) at a fixed price and ratio or upon the occurrence of certain events. The market price of convertible preferred stocks generally reflects an element of conversion value. Because many preferred stocks lack a fixed maturity date, these securities generally fluctuate substantially in value when interest rates change; such fluctuations often exceed those of long-term bonds of the same issuer. Some preferred stocks pay an adjustable dividend that may be based on an index, formula, auction procedure or other dividend rate reset mechanism. In the absence of credit deterioration, adjustable rate preferred stocks tend to have more stable market values than fixed rate preferred stocks. All preferred stocks are also subject to the same types of credit risks of the issuer as corporate bonds. In addition, because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of an issuer, deterioration in the credit rating of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar yield characteristics. Preferred stocks may be rated by
S&P and Moodys although there is no minimum rating which a preferred stock must have (and a preferred stock may not be rated) to be an eligible investment for the Fund. The Adviser expects, however, that generally the preferred stocks in which the Fund invests will be rated at least CCC by S&P or Caa by Moodys or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Advisor. Preferred stocks rated CCC by S&P are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay preferred stock obligations and represent the highest degree of speculation among securities rated between BB and CCC; preferred stocks rated Caa by Moodys are likely to be in arrears on dividend payments. Moodys rating with respect to preferred stocks does not purport to indicate the future status of payments of dividends.
Illiquid Securities. The Fund may invest in illiquid securities ( i.e. , securities that are not readily marketable). Illiquid securities include, but are not limited to, restricted securities (securities the disposition of which is restricted under the federal securities laws), securities that may only be resold pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act) but that are deemed to be illiquid; and repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days. The Adviser determines and monitors the liquidity of the portfolio securities and reports periodically on its decisions to the Board. In making such determinations it takes into account a number of factors in reaching liquidity decisions, including but not limited to: (1) the frequency of trades and quotations for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer.
An institutional market has developed for certain restricted securities. Accordingly, contractual or legal restrictions on the resale of a security may not be indicative of the liquidity of the security. If such securities are eligible for purchase by institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act or other exemptions, the Adviser may determine that the securities are liquid.
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the 1933 Act. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell. Illiquid securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees.
Industrial Development Bonds. The Fund may invest in municipal securities, such as industrial development bonds that are backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental user (such as hospitals and airports). Municipal securities are issued to obtain funds for a variety of public purposes, including general financing for state and local governments, or financing for specific projects or public facilities. Municipal securities are classified as general obligation or revenue bonds or notes. Private activity bonds and industrial revenue bonds do not carry the pledge of the credit of the issuing municipality, but generally are guaranteed by the corporate entity on whose behalf they are issued.
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Municipal leases are entered into by state and local governments and authorities to acquire equipment and facilities such as fire and sanitation vehicles, telecommunications equipment, and other assets. Municipal leases (which normally provide for title to the leased assets to pass eventually to the government issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt-issuance limitations of many state constitutions and statutes are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of non-appropriation clauses that provide that the governmental issuer has no obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or periodic basis.
International Securities . The Fund may invest directly in international securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers as well as gains or proceeds realized from the sale or other disposition of international securities may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the imposition of economic sanctions, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. The establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations. In addition, investing in international securities will generally result in higher commissions than investing in similar domestic securities.
Decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Funds assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Funds assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
Investing in emerging markets can have more risk than investing in developed foreign markets. The risks of investing in these markets may be exacerbated relative to investments in foreign markets. Governments of developing and emerging market countries may be more unstable as compared to more developed countries. Developing and emerging market countries may have less developed securities markets or exchanges, and legal and accounting systems. It may be more difficult to sell securities at acceptable prices and security prices may be more volatile than in countries with more mature markets. Currency values may fluctuate more in developing or emerging markets. Developing or emerging market countries may be more likely to impose government restrictions, including confiscatory taxation, expropriation or nationalization of a companys assets, and restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies. In addition, emerging markets may impose restrictions on the Funds ability to repatriate investment income or capital and thus, may adversely affect the operations of the Fund. Certain emerging markets may impose constraints on currency exchange and some currencies in emerging markets may have been devalued significantly against the U.S. Dollar. For these and other reasons, the prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities of companies in developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect these risks may have on the Fund.
Investment Company Securities. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, closed-end funds and open-end (mutual) funds (also called underlying funds). The Fund may invest in inverse ETFs, including leveraged ETFs. Inverse ETFs seek to provide investment results that match a certain percentage of the inverse of the results of a specific index on a daily or monthly basis.
To the extent such underlying funds are index-based, these underlying funds will generally attempt to replicate the performance of a particular index. An underlying fund may not always hold all of the same securities as the index it attempts to track. An underlying fund may use statistical sampling techniques to attempt to replicate the returns of an index. Statistical sampling techniques attempt to match the investment characteristics of the index and the fund by taking into account such factors as capitalization, industry exposures, dividend yield, price/earnings (P/E) ratio, price/book (P/B) ratio, and earnings growth. An underlying fund may not track the index perfectly because differences between the index and the funds portfolio can cause differences in performance. In addition, expenses and transaction costs, the size and frequency of cash flow into and out of the fund, and differences between how and when the fund and the index are valued can cause differences in performance.
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When the Fund invests in underlying funds it will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses payable directly by the underlying fund. In connection with its investments in other investment companies, the Fund will incur higher expenses, many of which may be duplicative. Furthermore, because the Fund invests in shares of ETFs and underlying funds their performances are directly related to the ability of the ETFs and underlying funds to meet their respective investment objectives, as well as the allocation of the Funds assets among the ETFs and underlying funds by the Adviser. Accordingly, the Funds investment performance will be influenced by the investment strategies of and risks associated with the ETFs and underlying funds in direct proportion to the amount of assets the Fund allocates to the ETFs and underlying funds utilizing such strategies.
Investments in ETFs involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks, including risks that: (1) the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other instrument; (2) an ETF, to the extent such ETF is index-based, may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weightings of securities or number of stocks held; (3) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (4) an ETF, to the extent such ETF is index-based, may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETFs NAV. Additionally, investments in fixed income ETFs involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in fixed income securities, including the risk of fluctuation in market value based on interest rates rising or declining and risks of a decrease in liquidity, such that no assurances can be made that an active trading market for underlying ETFs will be maintained.
There is also a risk that the underlying funds or ETFs may terminate due to extraordinary events. For example, any of the service providers to the underlying fund or ETF, such as the trustee or sponsor, may close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the underlying fund or ETF, and the underlying fund or ETF may not be able to find a substitute service provider. Also, the underlying fund or ETF may be dependent upon licenses to use the various indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names. If these licenses are terminated, the respective underlying fund or ETF may also terminate. In addition, an underlying fund or ETF may terminate if its net assets fall below a certain amount. Although the Fund believes that in the event of the termination of an underlying fund or ETF, the Fund will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate underlying fund or ETF tracking the same market index or another index covering the same general market, there can be no assurance that shares of an alternate underlying fund or ETF would be available for investment at that time.
Inverse and leveraged ETFs are subject to additional risks not generally associated with traditional ETFs. To the extent that the Fund invests in inverse ETFs, the value of the Funds investments will decrease when the index underlying the ETFs benchmark rises, a result that is the opposite from traditional equity or bond funds. The NAV and market price of leveraged or inverse ETFs are usually more volatile than the value of the tracked index or of other ETFs that do not use leverage. This is because inverse and leveraged ETFs use investment techniques and financial instruments that may be considered aggressive, including the use of derivative transactions and short selling techniques. The use of these techniques may cause the inverse or leveraged ETFs to lose more money in market environments that are adverse to their investment strategies than other funds that do not use such techniques.
Generally, under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), a fund may not acquire shares of another investment company (including ETFs) if, immediately after such acquisition, (i) such fund would hold more than 3% of the other investment companys total outstanding shares, (ii) if such funds investment in securities of the other investment company would be more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the fund, or (iii) if more than 10% of such funds total assets would be invested in investment companies. The SEC has granted orders for exemptive relief to certain ETFs that permit investments in those ETFs by other investment companies (such as the Fund) in excess of these limits. The Fund may invest in ETFs that have received such exemptive orders from the SEC, pursuant to the conditions specified in such orders. In accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(F)(i) of the 1940 Act, the Fund may also invest in ETFs that have not received such exemptive orders as long as the Fund (and all of is affiliated persons, including the Adviser) do not acquire more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such underlying ETF, unless otherwise permitted to do so pursuant to permission granted by the SEC. If the Fund seeks to redeem shares of an underlying ETF purchased in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F), the underlying ETF is not obligated to redeem an amount exceeding 1% of the underlying ETFs outstanding shares during a period of less than 30 days.
On December 19, 2018, the SEC published a proposed rule that, if adopted, would change the regulation of fund of funds arrangements. The SEC is currently seeking public comments on numerous aspects of the proposed rule, and as a result the nature of any final regulations is uncertain at this time. Such regulations could permit closed-end funds to invest in other investment companies
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in excess of the limits of section 12(d)(1), including those described above. The Adviser cannot predict the effects of these regulations on the Funds portfolio. The Adviser intends to monitor developments and seeks to manage the Funds portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Funds investment objective, but there can be no assurance that they will be successful in doing so.
Money Market Funds . The Fund may invest in underlying money market funds that either seek to maintain a stable $1 NAV (stable NAV money market funds) or that have a share price that fluctuates (variable NAV market funds). Although an underlying stable share price money market fund seeks to maintain a stable $1 NAV, it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in such a money market fund. Because the share price of an underlying variable NAV market fund will fluctuate, when the Fund sells the shares it owns they may be worth more or less than what the Fund originally paid for them. In addition, neither type of money market fund is designed to offer capital appreciation. Certain underlying money market funds may impose a fee upon the sale of shares or may temporarily suspend the ability to sell shares if such funds liquidity falls below required minimums.
Municipal Securities. Municipal securities include, among other instruments, general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, municipal leases, certificates of participation, private activity bonds, and moral obligation bonds, as well as short-term, tax-exempt obligations such as municipal notes and variable rate demand obligations. The yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including prevailing interest rates and the condition of the general money market and the municipal securities market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issuer. The market value of municipal securities will vary with changes in interest rate levels and as a result of changing evaluations of the ability of bond issuers to meet interest and principal payments.
To be tax-exempt, municipal securities must meet certain regulatory requirements. If a municipal security fails to meet such requirements, the interest may be taxable, which could impact the value of the security.
General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the issuers full faith and credit and taxing authority for the payment of principal and interest. The taxing authority of any governmental entity may be limited, however, by provisions of its state constitution or laws, and an entitys creditworthiness will depend on many factors, including potential erosion of its tax base due to population declines, natural disasters, declines in the states industrial base or inability to attract new industries, economic limits on the ability to tax without eroding the tax base, state legislative proposals or voter initiatives to limit ad valorem real property taxes and the extent to which the entity relies on Federal or state aid, access to capital markets or other factors beyond the states or entitys control. Accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuers maintenance of its tax base.
Revenue Bonds. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects, including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; port, airport, and mass transit facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source. An investment in revenue bonds is subject to greater risk of delay or non-payment if revenue does not accrue as expected or if other conditions are not met for reasons outside the control of the Fund. Conversely, if revenue accrues more quickly than anticipated, the Fund may receive payment before expected and have difficulty reinvesting the proceeds on equally favorable terms.
Private activity bonds are, in most cases, revenue bonds. Private activity bonds are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated facilities. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. Therefore, the repayment of such bonds generally depends on the revenues of a private entity. Continued ability of a private entity to generate sufficient revenues for the payment of principal and interest on such bonds will be affected by many factors including the size of the entity, capital structure, demand for its products or services, competition, general economic conditions, government regulation and the entitys dependence on revenues for the operation of the particular facility being financed.
Moral Obligation Bonds. The Fund also may invest in moral obligation bonds, which are normally issued by special purpose public authorities. If an issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of such bonds becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality in question.
Municipal Lease Obligations and Certificates of Participation. Municipal leases and certificates of participation involve special risks not normally associated with general obligations or revenue bonds. Leases and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which normally provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the governmental issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt issuance limitations are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of
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non-appropriation clauses that relieve the governmental issuer of any obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. In addition, such leases or contracts may be subject to the temporary abatement of payments in the event that the governmental issuer is prevented from maintaining occupancy of the lease premises or utilizing the leased equipment. Although the obligations may be secured by the leased equipment or facilities, the disposition of the property in the event of non-appropriation or foreclosure might prove difficult, time consuming and costly, and may result in a delay in recovering or the failure to fully recover ownership of the assets.
Certificates of participation, which represent interests in unmanaged pools of municipal leases or installment contracts, involve the same risks as the underlying municipal leases. In addition, the Fund may be dependent upon the municipal authority issuing the certificate of participation to exercise remedies with respect to the underlying securities. Certificates of participation also entail a risk of default or bankruptcy, both of the issuer of the municipal lease and also the municipal agency issuing the certificate of participation.
Operational Risk. An investment in the Fund involves operational risk arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. Any of these errors, failures or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there is no guarantee that the Fund will not suffer losses due to operational risk.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may engage in repurchase agreement transactions involving the type of securities in which it is permitted to invest. Repurchase agreements are transactions by which the Fund purchases a security and simultaneously commits to resell that security to the seller (a bank or securities dealer) at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date (usually within seven days of purchase). The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon rate or date of maturity of the purchased security. Repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in the underlying securities. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by the seller, the Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. The exercise of the Funds right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans by an investment company under the 1940 Act. The Fund will not invest more than 33 1/3% of its net assets in repurchase agreements.
The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the seller of the agreements defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities at a time when the value of these securities has declined, the Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of them. If the seller of the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a bankruptcy court may determine that the underlying securities are collateral not within the control of the Fund and therefore subject to sale by the trustee in bankruptcy. Finally, it is possible that the Fund may not be able to substantiate their interest in the underlying securities. While the management of the Fund acknowledges these risks, it is expected that they can be controlled through stringent security selection criteria and careful monitoring procedures.
Restricted Securities. Within its limitation on investment in illiquid securities, the Fund may purchase restricted securities that generally can be sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the federal securities laws, or in a registered public offering. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If during such a period adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security. Restricted securities that can be offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act (144A Securities) and are determined to be liquid are not subject to the limitations on illiquid securities.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements . The Fund may engage in reverse repurchase agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements that involve the sale of securities held by the Fund to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, with an agreement that the Fund will repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price and date. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. The Fund may employ reverse repurchase agreements (i) for temporary emergency purposes or to meet repurchase requests so as to avoid liquidating other portfolio securities during unfavorable market conditions; (ii) to cover short-term cash requirements resulting from the timing of trade settlements or (iii) to take advantage of market situations where the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the transaction is greater than the interest expense of the transaction.
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Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities to be purchased by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities, or that the other party may default on its obligation, so that the Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will segregate, and maintain, liquid assets having a dollar value equal to the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Funds obligations to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowings by the Fund under the 1940 Act.
Securitizations. To the extent permissible under applicable laws and regulations, including the federal interagency credit risk retention rules, codified at 17 C.F.R. Part 246 (the U.S. Risk Retention Rules) and applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the Fund may securitize certain of its investments by selling certain assets to a Structured Product (or the sponsor of a Structured Product) and retaining all or most of the exposure to the performance of these investments in the form of an equity investment in the Structured Product (Securitization). The Fund expects that the primary use of any funds generated from Securitizations will be to make investments in portfolio securities, distribute cash to holders of the Shares and pay operating expenses, including debt service to the extent the Fund borrows or issues senior securities to fund its investments. In addition, the Fund may also invest in Structured Products sponsored by third parties.
Further, to the extent permissible under applicable laws and regulations, including the U.S. Risk Retention Rules and applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, or to the extent that alternative Securitization structures are developed in the market that would permit the Fund to enter into Securitizations, the Fund also may enter into Securitizations to finance its investments, including through the formation of one or more Structured Products, while retaining all or most of the exposure to the performance of these investments in the form of any equity investment in the Structured Product. Any Securitization would involve contributing or selling a pool of assets to a special purpose entity, and that entity selling debt interests on a non-recourse or limited-recourse basis to purchasers. These Securitizations may be formed by the Fund, entered into through joint venture arrangements or, as noted above, sponsored by a third party.
Up to all of the Funds investments in or exposure to Securitizations and/or Structured Products may be in the equity tranches, which typically represent the first loss position in the Securitization or Structured Product. The Fund will not invest more than 30% of its net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes in Securitizations.
The Fund may be limited in its ability to enter into Securitizations due to applicable laws and regulations, including the interplay of the 1940 Act restrictions on principal and joint transactions and the U.S. Risk Retention Rules adopted pursuant to Section 941 of Dodd-Frank. The Fund cannot assure you that, under current applicable laws, regulations and interpretations, administrative guidance and positions of the SEC, the SEC staff or other regulatory authorities or future modifications to such laws, regulations, interpretations, guidance or positions, the Fund would be able to enter into Securitizations on a timely basis, on attractive terms or at all or that alternative Securitization structures will be developed in the market that would permit the Fund to enter into securitizations.
With respect to Securitizations sponsored by a third party, there is a limited number of potential third-party sponsors for such Securitizations and the Fund may not find a suitable third-party sponsor, which may impact the Funds ability to enter into Securitizations on favorable terms or at all. In addition, to the extent the Fund sells securities to a third-party sponsor that forms a Structured Product, the Fund and the Adviser will no longer be able to make investment decisions related to those assets and will have no influence over the asset management of the portfolio underlying the Structured Product. However, the Fund may be exposed to the performance of those assets through its interest in the Structured Products that it purchases. As a result, the Fund will be relying on the third party, and the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective may depend in part on the performance of each third party in its role as sponsor. Among other things, the Fund may be subject to the risk that the third party disposes of the assets in the Structured Product, unilaterally unwinds the Structured Product, fails to meet expectations in managing the Structured Product or otherwise is unable to perform its duties, subjecting the Fund to potential losses. As a result, the values of the portfolios underlying a Structured Product could decrease as a result of decisions made by a third-party sponsor. In addition, in certain circumstances, the Fund may indemnify the third-party sponsor of a Structured Product in connection with the Funds sale or transfer of assets to the Structured Product, which may expose the Fund to additional risks of loss. Also, to the extent the Fund is unable to enter into Securitizations, the Funds performance and distributions could be negatively impacted. In addition, the Fund may be subject to the risk that a regulator could view the Fund, rather than a third party, as the appropriate sponsor of a Structured Product for purposes of the U.S. Risk Retention Rules, due to the facts and circumstances of the Securitization, which could result in the Fund being required, among other things, to pay damages, transfer interest and/or acquire additional asset-backed securities in the related Securitization (which may or may not be available at such time for acquisition) or be subject to cease and desist orders or other regulatory action.
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If the Fund creates a Structured Product, the Fund will depend on distributions from that Structured Products assets out of that Structured Products earnings and cash flows to enable the Fund to make distributions to Shareholders. The ability of the Structured Product to make distributions will be subject to various limitations, including the terms and covenants of the debt it issues. For example, performance tests (based on interest coverage or other financial ratios or other criteria) may restrict the Funds ability, as holder of the equity interests in the Structured Product, to receive cash flow from these investments. There is no assurance any such performance tests will be satisfied. Also, a Structured Product may take actions that delay distributions in order to preserve ratings and to keep the cost of present and future financings lower or the Structured Product may be obligated to retain cash or other assets to satisfy over-collateralization requirements commonly provided for holders of the Structured Products debt. As a result, there may be a lag, which could be significant, between the repayment or other realization on a loan or other assets in, and the distribution of cash out of, a Structured Product, or cash flow may be completely restricted for the life of the Structured Product. If the Fund does not receive cash flow from any such Structured Product that is necessary to satisfy the annual distribution requirement for maintaining the Funds RIC status, and the Fund is unable to obtain cash from other sources necessary to satisfy this requirement, the Fund could fail to maintain its status as a RIC, which would have a material adverse effect on the Funds financial performance.
A Securitization entered into through a joint venture would pose the risk that there is a limited number of potential joint venture partners and the Fund may not find a joint venture partner, which may impact the Funds ability to enter into Securitizations on favorable terms or at all. In addition, a joint venture would pose certain risks that would not be present under other Securitization arrangements. These risks include the potential for a joint venture partner to become insolvent or bankrupt or to engage in fraud or other misconduct. In addition, the Fund could be required to share decision-making authority with a joint venture partner regarding certain major decisions affecting the ownership of the joint venture, including decisions relating to the disposition of the joint ventures property or the contribution of additional capital. Further, a joint venture partner could have or, through change of circumstances ( e.g. , a change in control of the joint venture partner), come to have economic or business interests that conflict with those of the Fund. A joint venture partner may also be structured differently from the Fund for tax purposes, which could give rise to conflicts of interest or jeopardize the Funds ability to qualify as a RIC. In addition, the terms of any joint venture could restrict the Funds power to sell or transfer its interests in a Structured Product to a third party, which could result in reduced liquidity. In addition to the foregoing, certain rules prohibiting the Fund from transacting with affiliates, mainly Section 17(a) and Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act, may limit or prohibit the Funds ability to enter into certain joint venture arrangements.
The Fund and/or other investors in the Structured Product ultimately bear the credit risk of the underlying collateral. In addition, a decline in the credit quality of loans in a Structured Product due to poor operating results of the relevant borrower, declines in the value of loan collateral or increases in defaults, among other things, may force a Structured Product to sell certain assets at a loss, reducing its earnings and, in turn, cash potentially available for distribution to the Fund for distribution to the Shareholders. The Fund will not be responsible for and will have no influence over the day-to-day management, administration or any other aspect of the borrowers in the loans underlying the Structured Product. As a result, the values of the portfolios underlying a Structured Product could decrease as a result of decisions made by management of such borrowers.
Up to all of the Funds investments in or exposure to Securitizations and/or Structured Products may be in the equity tranches. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the Structured Product in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first by the Fund as owner of the equity interests. Any equity interests that the Fund retains in a Structured Product will not be secured by the assets of the Structured Product and the Fund will rank behind all creditors of the Structured Product. Even though the Fund expects some of the loans that it contributes to any such Securitization to be rated below investment grade, because the Structured Products portfolio of loans would secure all of the debt issued by such vehicle, a portion of such debt may be rated investment grade, subject in each case to market conditions that may require such portion of the debt to be over collateralized and various other restrictions. If applicable accounting pronouncements or SEC staff guidance require the Fund to consolidate the Structured Products financial statements with the Funds financial statements, any debt issued by the Structured Product would be generally treated as if it were issued by the Fund for purposes of the asset coverage ratio applicable to the Fund. Further, there can be no assurance that a bankruptcy court, in the exercise of its broad equitable powers, would not order that the Funds assets and liabilities be substantively consolidated with those of a Structured Product, rather than kept separate, and that creditors of the Structured Product would have claims against the consolidated bankruptcy estate (including the Funds assets). If a Structured Product is not consolidated with the Fund, the Funds only interest in the Structured Product will be the value of its retained subordinated interest and the income allocated to it, which may be more or less than the cash the Fund received from the Structured Product, and none of the Structured Products liabilities would be reflected as the Funds liabilities. If the assets of a Structured Product are not consolidated with the Funds assets and liabilities, then the leverage incurred by such Structured Product may or may not be treated as borrowings by the Fund for purposes applicable limitations on the Funds ability to issue debt.
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Short Sales. The Fund may make short sales as part of its overall portfolio management strategies or to offset a potential decline in value of a security. The Fund may engage in short sales with respect to stocks, ETFs and other securities. A short sale involves the sale of a security that is borrowed from a broker or other institution to complete the sale. The Fund may engage in short sales with respect to securities it owns, as well as securities that it does not own. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to acquire, convert or exchange securities to replace the borrowed security (also known as covering the short position) at a time when the security sold short have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Funds investment performance may also suffer if the Fund is required to close out a short position earlier than it had intended. The Fund must segregate assets determined to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, or otherwise cover its positions in a permissible manner. The Fund will be required to pledge its liquid assets to the broker to secure its performance on short sales. As a result, the assets pledged may not be available to meet the Funds needs for immediate cash or other liquidity. In addition, the Fund may be subject to expenses related to short sales that are not typically associated with investing in securities directly, such as costs of borrowing and margin account maintenance costs associated with the Funds open short positions. These types of short sales expenses are sometimes referred to as the negative cost of carry, and will tend to cause the Fund to lose money on a short sale even in instances where the price of the security sold short does not change over the duration of the short sale. Dividend expenses on securities sold short are not covered under the Advisors expense limitation agreements with the Fund and, therefore, these expenses will be borne by the Shareholders of the Fund.
Subordinated Debt Securities. Subordinated debt securities, sometimes also called junior debt are debt securities for which the issuers obligations to make principal and interest payment are secondary to the issuers payment obligations to more senior debt securities. Subordinated debt securities are subject to the same risks as other fixed income securities and are also subject to increased credit risk because the issuer, by definition, has issued other, more senior debt securities. The Fund may invest in subordinated debt securities, including those issued by banks.
U.S. Government Obligations. U.S. Government securities include direct obligations issued by the United States Treasury, such as U.S. Treasury bills (maturities of one year or less), U.S. Treasury notes (maturities of one to ten years) and U.S. Treasury bonds (generally maturities of greater than ten years). They also include U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities that issue or guarantee securities, such as the Federal Home Loan Banks, The Federal National Mortgage Association and the Student Loan Marketing Association. Except for U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, others by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencies obligations, while still others, such as the Student Loan Marketing Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assess a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.
The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 20082009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt limit negotiations may impact the U.S. long term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities . The Fund may invest in variable and floating rate securities. Fixed Income securities that have variable or floating rates of interest may, under certain limited circumstances, have varying principal amounts. These securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula, usually with reference to one or more interest rate indices or market interest rates (the underlying index). The interest paid on these securities is a function primarily of the underlying index upon which the interest rate adjustments are based. These adjustments minimize changes in the market value of the obligation. Similar to fixed rate debt instruments, variable and floating rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuers creditworthiness. The rate of interest on securities may be tied to U.S. Government securities or indices on those securities as well as any other rate of interest or index.
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Variable and floating rate demand notes of corporations are redeemable upon a specified period of notice. These obligations include master demand notes that permit investment of fluctuating amounts at varying interest rates under direct arrangements with the issuer of the instrument. The issuer of these obligations often has the right, after a given period, to prepay the outstanding principal amount of the obligations upon a specified number of days notice.
Certain securities may have an initial principal amount that varies over time based on an interest rate index, and, accordingly, the Fund might be entitled to less than the initial principal amount of the security upon the securitys maturity. The Fund intends to purchase these securities only when the Adviser believes the interest income from the instrument justifies any principal risks associated with the instrument. The Adviser may attempt to limit any potential loss of principal by purchasing similar instruments that are intended to provide an offsetting increase in principal. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to limit the effects of principal fluctuations and, accordingly, the Fund may incur losses on those securities even if held to maturity without issuer default.
There may not be an active secondary market for any particular floating or variable rate instruments, which could make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of the instrument during periods that the Fund is not entitled to exercise any demand rights it may have. The Fund could, for this or other reasons, suffer a loss with respect to those instruments. The Adviser monitors the liquidity of the Funds investments in variable and floating rate instruments, but there can be no guarantee that an active secondary market will exist.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments. The Fund may purchase securities offered on a when-issued and forward commitment basis (including a delayed delivery basis). Securities purchased on a when-issued or forward commitment basis are securities not available for immediate delivery despite the fact that a market exists for those securities. A purchase is made on a delayed delivery basis when the transaction is structured to occur sometime in the future.
When these transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within two months after the transaction, but delayed settlements beyond two months may be negotiated. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made for the securities purchased by the purchaser and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. At the time the Fund makes the commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or forward commitment, the Fund will record the transaction as a purchase and thereafter reflect the value each day of such securities in determining its NAV.
Zero- Coupon, Delayed Interest and Capital Appreciation Securities . Zero-coupon, delayed interest, pay-in-kind (PIK) and capital appreciation securities are securities that make no periodic interest payments, but are sold at a discount from their face value. The buyer recognizes a rate of return determined by the gradual appreciation of the security, which is redeemed at face value on a specified maturity date. The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity, as well as market interest rates, liquidity of the security, and the issuers perceived credit quality. The discount, in the absence of financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the final maturity date approaches. If the issuer defaults, the Fund may not receive any return on its investment. Because such securities bear no interest and generally compound periodically at the rate fixed at the time of issuance, their value generally is more volatile than the value of other fixed income securities. Since such bondholders do not receive interest payments, when interest rates rise, zero-coupon, delayed interest and capital appreciation securities fall more dramatically in value than bonds paying interest on a current basis. When interest rates fall, zero-coupon, delayed interest and capital appreciation securities rise more rapidly in value because the bonds reflect a fixed rate of return. An investment in zero-coupon, delayed interest and capital appreciation securities may cause the Fund to recognize income and make distributions to Shareholders before it receives any cash payments on its investment. To generate cash to satisfy distribution requirements, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise would have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of Fund shares.
PIK securities may be debt obligations or preferred shares that provide the issuer with the option of paying interest or dividends on such obligations in cash or in the form of additional securities rather than cash. Similar to zero-coupon bonds and delayed interest securities, PIK securities are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK securities that are debt securities can be either senior or subordinated debt and generally trade flat ( i.e. , without interest). The trading price of PIK debt securities generally reflects the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last interest payment.
17
Fundamental. The investment policies described below have been adopted by the Fund with respect to the Fund and are fundamental (Fundamental), i.e. , they may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. As used in the Prospectus and this SAI, the term majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund means the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented at such meeting; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Except for those investment policies specifically identified as fundamental in the Prospectus and this SAI, the Funds investment objective as described in the Prospectus and all other investment policies and practices described in the Prospectus and this SAI are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without the approval of Shareholders.
The fundamental policies adopted with respect to the Fund are as follows:
1. Borrowing Money. The Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act.
2. Senior Securities. The Fund may issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act, as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act.
3. Underwriting. The Fund may act as an underwriter of securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act, to the extent permitted under the 1933 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Real Estate. The Fund may purchase or sell real estate to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act. This includes that the Fund may (i) acquire or lease office space for its own use, (ii) invest in instruments of issuers that deal in real estate or are engaged in the real estate business, including real estate investment trusts, (iii) invest in instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, (iv) hold and sell real estate or mortgages on real estate acquired through default, liquidation, or other distributions of an interest in real estate as a result of the Funds ownership of such instruments.
5. Commodities. The Fund may purchase or sell commodities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act. The Fund may purchase or sell options or futures contracts, invest in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or invest in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.
6. Loans. The Fund may make loans to other persons to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act.
7. Concentration. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets (measured at the time of purchase) in the group of industries related to banks and diversified financials.
The following are interpretations of the fundamental investment policies of the Fund and may be revised without Shareholder approval, consistent with current laws and regulations as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time:
Borrowing Money. Under current law as interpreted by the SEC and its staff, the Fund may borrow money in the amount of up to one-third of the Funds total assets for any purpose and up to 5% of the Funds total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. The Funds total assets include the amounts being borrowed. To limit the risks that accompany borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain at all times an asset coverage of 300% of the amount of its borrowings. The Fund expects to use proceeds from borrowing for investment purposes and to satisfy Shareholder repurchase requests.
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Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by an investment company evidencing indebtedness, including the issuance of debt or preferred shares of beneficial interest. Current law, as interpreted by the SEC and its staff, provides that, in the case of a senior security representing indebtedness, a closed-end investment company must have asset coverage of 300% immediately after such issuance, and no dividends on the companys stock may be made unless the indebtedness generally has an asset coverage at that time of 300%. In the case of a class of senior security representing a stock, a closed-end investment company must have asset coverage of 200% immediately after such issuance, and no dividends on the companys stock may be made unless the preferred stock generally has an asset coverage at that time of 200%. Shareholders of preferred stock also must have the right, as a class, to elect at least two trustees at all times and to elect a majority of trustees if dividends on their stock are unpaid in certain amounts.
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities generally involves an investment company purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. The Funds limitation with respect to underwriting securities is not applicable to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities (including restricted securities), the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under certain federal securities laws.
Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment companys ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Funds limitation with respect to investing in real estate is not applicable to investments in securities or mortgages or loans that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from purchasing or selling mortgage-related securities or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts).
Commodities. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment companys ability to invest in commodities, but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Fund may hold commodities acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from purchasing or selling options or futures contracts, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or from investing in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.
Loans. Under current law as interpreted by the SEC and its staff, the Fund may not lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties (this restriction does not apply to purchases of debt securities or repurchase agreements). Subject to this limitation, the Fund may make loans, for example: (a) by loaning portfolio securities; (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements; (c) by making loans secured by real estate; (d) by making loans to affiliated funds as permitted by the SEC; or (e) by purchasing non-publicly offered debt securities. For purposes of this limitation, the term loans shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.
Concentration. Under current SEC and SEC staff interpretation, the Fund would concentrate its investments if 25% or more of the Funds total assets would be invested in securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry. For purposes of this limitation, there is no limit on: (1) investments in U.S. Government securities, in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, or in tax-exempt securities issued by the states, territories, or possessions of the United States (municipal securities), excluding private activity municipal securities whose principal and interest payments are derived principally from the assets and revenues of a non-governmental entity; or (2) investments in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction provided that the Fund does not invest greater than 25% in a particular industry. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest in one or more investment companies; provided that, the Fund treats the assets of the investment companies in which it invests as its own for purposes of this policy.
With respect to the percentages adopted by the Fund as maximum limitations on its investment policies and limitations, an excess above the fixed percentage will not be a violation of the policy or limitation unless the excess results immediately and directly from the acquisition of any security or the action taken. This paragraph does not apply to fundamental policy 1.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing policies, any investment company, whether organized as a trust, association or corporation, or a personal holding company, may be merged or consolidated with or acquired by the Fund, provided that if such merger, consolidation or acquisition results in an investment in the securities of any issuer prohibited by said paragraphs, the Fund shall, within 90 days after the consummation of such merger, consolidation or acquisition, dispose of all of the securities of such issuer so acquired or such portion thereof as shall bring the total investment therein within the limitations imposed by said paragraphs above as of the date of consummation.
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MANAGEMENT
Trustees and Officers
The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Fund, including general supervision and review of the investment activities of the Fund. The Board, in turn, elects the officers of the Fund, who are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Fund. Unless otherwise indicated in the table below, the address of each Trustee and officer of the Fund is c/o Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, One Buckhead Plaza, 3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. Additional information about the Trustees and officers of the Fund is provided in the table below.
Name and Year of Birth |
Positions with the
Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex (1) Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years |
|||||
Independent Trustees of the Fund (2) |
||||||||||
Ira P. Cohen 1959 |
Independent Trustee,
Chairman |
Trustee since 2018, Chairman since 2018; indefinite terms | Executive Vice President, Recognos Financial (investment industry data analysis provider) (since 2015); Independent financial services consultant (since 2005). | 5 | Trustee, Valued Advisers Trust (since 2010) (11 portfolios); Trustee, Griffin Institutional Credit Fund (since April 2014) (2 portfolios); Trustee, Angel Oak Funds Trust (since 2014) (4 portfolios); Trustee, Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund (since 2017). | |||||
Alvin R. Albe, Jr. 1953 |
Independent Trustee | Since 2018; indefinite term | Retired; Senior Advisor, The TCW Group, Inc. (asset manager) (2008 2013). | 5 | Director, Syntroleum Corporation (renewable energy firm) (19882014); Trustee, Angel Oak Funds Trust (since 2014) (4 portfolios); Trustee, Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund (since 2017). |
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(1) |
The Fund Complex includes each series of Angel Oak Funds Trust and the Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund. |
(2) |
The Trustees of the Fund who are not interested persons of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act (Independent Trustees). |
21
Name and Year of Birth |
Positions with the Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
|
|||
Officers of the Fund
|
||||||
Dory S. Black, Esq. 1975 | President | Since 2018; indefinite term | General Counsel, Angel Oak (since 2014); General Counsel, EARNEST Partners, LLC (investment management firm) (2014); Vice-President and Assistant General Counsel, GE Asset Management Incorporated (20042014). | |||
Adam Langley 1967 | Chief Compliance Officer | Since 2018; indefinite term | Chief Compliance Officer, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (since 2015); Chief Compliance Officer, Angel Oak Funds Trust (2015) and Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund (since 2017); Chief Compliance Officer, Angel Oak Capital Partners II, LLC (since 2016); Chief Compliance Officer, Buckhead One Financial Opportunities, LLC (since 2017); Chief Compliance Officer, Angel Oak Consulting Group Portfolio Management, LLC (2015-2017); Compliance Manager, Invesco Advisers, Ltd. (20132015); Compliance Officer, Macquarie Group (2013); Chief Compliance Officer, Aspen Partners, Ltd. (20032013). | |||
Lu Chang, CFA, FRM, CAIA 1975 | Secretary | Since 2018; indefinite term | Chief Risk Officer, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (since 2014); Vice-President and Finance Manager, Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC (investment advisory firm) (20042014). | |||
Daniel Fazioli
1981 |
Treasurer | Since 2018; indefinite term | Controller, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (since 2015); Controller, Tang Capital Partners, LP (20142015); Associate, Goldman Sachs & Company, Inc. (20102014). |
Additional Information Concerning the Board of Trustees.
The Role of the Board
The Board oversees the management and operations of the Fund. Like all mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Fund is the responsibility of the various service providers to the Fund, such as the Adviser, administrator, the custodian and the transfer agent, each of whom are discussed in greater detail in this SAI. The Board has appointed various senior
22
employees of the Adviser as officers of the Fund, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Funds operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and the service providers. For example, the Treasurer reports as to financial reporting matters. In addition, the Adviser provides regular reports on the investment strategy and performance of the Fund. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Funds compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. These reports are provided as part of the Boards regular Board meetings, which are typically held quarterly, and involve the Boards review of recent operations. While Angel Oak compensates the CCO for his services to the Fund, the Fund reimburses Angel Oak for a portion of the CCOs salary.
Board Structure, Leadership
The Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform its oversight function effectively. It has established three standing committeesan Audit, Financial and Administrative Oversight Committee, a Nominating, Governance and Compliance Oversight Committee and a Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committeethat are discussed in greater detail below under Fund Committees. At least a majority of the Board is comprised of Independent Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser, the principal underwriter or their affiliates. The Committees are each comprised entirely of Independent Trustees.
The Board has an Independent Chairman. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Funds Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the designation of Chairman does not impose on Mr. Cohen any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board. As Chairman, Mr. Cohen acts as a spokesperson for the Trustees in between meetings of the Board, serves as a liaison for the Trustees with the Funds service providers, officers, and legal counsel to discuss ideas informally, and participates in setting the agenda for meetings of the Board and separate meetings or executive sessions of the Independent Trustees. As noted, the majority of the Board is comprised of Independent Trustees, and the Board believes that maintaining a Board that has a majority of Independent Trustees allows the Board to operate in a manner that provides for an appropriate level of independent oversight and action. In accordance with applicable regulations regarding the governance of the Fund, the Independent Trustees have an opportunity to meet in a separate quarterly executive session in conjunction with each quarterly meeting of the Board during which they may review matters relating to their independent oversight of the Fund.
The Board reviews annually the structure and operation of the Board and its committees. The Board has determined that the composition of the Board and the function and composition of its various committees provide the appropriate means and communication channels to address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
As part of its oversight function, the Board of Trustees receives and reviews various risk management reports and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements ( e.g. , investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks), the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Audit, Financial and Administrative Oversight Committee meets with the Treasurer and the Funds independent registered public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Funds financial reporting function. The Board and Nominating, Governance and Compliance Oversight Committee meet regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance and operational risks and how they are managed. The Board and Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committee also receive reports from the Adviser and its Chief Risk Officer as to investment and other risks of the Fund.
Information about Each Trustees Qualification, Experience, Attributes or Skills
The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (Trustee Attributes) appropriate to their continued service as Trustees of the Fund in light of the Funds business and structure. In addition to a demonstrated record of business and/or professional accomplishment, each of the Trustees has demonstrated a commitment to discharging their oversight duties as trustees in the interests of Shareholders. The Board annually conducts a self-assessment wherein the effectiveness of the Board is reviewed.
In addition to the information provided in the table above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and his Trustee Attributes.
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Mr. Prabhus Trustee Attributes.
Mr. Prabhu has over 15 years of experience in the financial services and investment management industry and co-founded the Adviser in 2009. Mr. Prabhu has served in a variety of management roles throughout his career. The Board believes that Mr. Prabhus experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
Mr. Cohens Trustee Attributes.
Mr. Cohen has over 35 years of experience in the financial services industry. He has served as Executive Vice President of Recognos Financial, a premier provider of semantic data analysis for the financial services industry, since 2015, and he has been an independent financial services consultant since 2005. Mr. Cohen has served a variety of management roles for various financial and investment companies throughout his career. Additionally, Mr. Cohen served as an independent trustee of the trust in which the Advisers first mutual fund was launched. The Board believes that Mr. Cohens experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
Mr. Albes Trustee Attributes.
Mr. Albe has over 30 years of experience in the investment management industry, including having served as executive management for a large asset management firm and its affiliated investment companies. Mr. Albe is a Certified Public Accountant (non-practicing) and has past experience as a member of the board and audit committee of a publicly held company. Mr. Albe is an audit committee financial expert of the Fund. The Board believes that Mr. Albes experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
Mr. Schapperts Trustee Attributes.
Mr. Schappert has over 40 years of experience in the investment management industry. He has been an independent financial services consultant for his own consulting business, Schappert Consulting, LLC, since 2008 and has served a variety of management roles for various financial and investment companies throughout his career. The Board believes that Mr. Schapperts experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
Ms. Mullins Trustee Attributes.
Ms. Mullins worked in the Asset Management and Mutual Funds industry at Raymond James from 1990-2010 and her experience includes accounting, compliance, and operations. Ms. Mullins retired as Chief Financial Officer of Eagle Family of Funds (now Carillon Family of Funds) in 2010. Since 2014, Ms. Mullins has been an independent contractor with SWM Advisors, an SEC-registered investment adviser. In addition to this experience, Ms. Mullins also has experience serving as a Trustee for Valued Advisors Trust since 2013 and as its Chairperson since 2017. The Board believes that Ms. Mullins experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
Mr. Stueves Trustee Attributes.
Mr. Stueve has worked in the asset management and investment company industry for 32 years and has held senior leadership roles in the business functions and for service providers to investment companies. Mr. Stueve served as Executive Vice President and Director of Retail Sales at AIM Investments from 2002 to 2007, where he integrated the companys distribution channels during an acquisition by Invesco. He was with Ridgeworth Investments from 2007 to 2017, serving as President and Global Head of Distribution. Mr. Stueve also has board experience as member of the Executive Committee for Mutual Fund Education Alliance from 2011 to 2013, and as its Chairman from 2013 to 2016. The Board believes that Mr. Stueves experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
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Mr. Dunlaps Trustee Attributes.
Mr. Dunlap has served as a Managing Director and Senior Portfolio Manager for Angel Oak since 2009. In addition to serving as portfolio manager for Angel Oak funds, Mr. Dunlap is responsible of managing Angel Oaks separately managed account clients, including depository institutions. Prior to joining Angel Oak, he spent six years with SunTrust Robinson Humphrey where he focused on marketing and structuring interest rate derivatives products. He previously was with Wachovia supporting the agency mortgage pass-through trading desk. The Board believes that Mr. Dunlaps experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Fund.
Fund Committees
The Fund has three standing committees: the Audit, Financial and Administrative Oversight Committee, the Nominating, Governance and Compliance Oversight Committee and the Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committee.
The Audit, Financial and Administrative Oversight Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The function of the Audit, Financial and Administrative Oversight Committee is to review the scope and results of the annual audit of the Fund and any matters bearing on the audit or the Funds financial statements and to ensure the integrity of the Funds financial reporting. The Audit, Financial and Administrative Oversight Committee also recommends to the Board of Trustees the annual selection of the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, and it reviews and pre-approves audit and certain non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. The Committee also assists the Board in overseeing the review of financial and administrative reports and discussing with the Funds management financial and administrative matters relating to the Fund.
The Nominating, Governance and Compliance Oversight Committee, comprised of all the Independent Trustees, is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees. The Committee has a policy in place for considering Trustee candidates recommended by Shareholders. Nomination submissions must be accompanied by all information relating to the recommended nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations or proxy statements for the election of Trustees, as well as information sufficient to evaluate the individuals qualifications. Nomination submissions must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the Shareholders. In addition, a nominee must provide such additional information as reasonably requested by the Committee. The Committee will consider recommendations by Shareholders for up to one year from receipt. Nomination submissions should be sent to:
Secretary, Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
c/o Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC
3060 Peachtree Road NW, Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
The Committee also assists the full Board in connection with matters relating to the compliance of the Fund and its service providers with applicable laws. The Committee meets on an as needed basis.
The Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committee, comprised of all the Independent Trustees, oversees valuation matters of the Fund delegated to the Advisers Valuation Committee, including the fair valuation determinations and methodologies proposed and utilized by the Pricing Committee, reviews the Funds valuation procedures and their application by the Advisers Valuation Committee, reviews pricing errors and procedures for calculation of NAV of the Fund and responds to other matters deemed appropriate by the Board. The Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committee also oversees the policies, procedures, practices and systems relating to identifying and managing the various risks that are or may be applicable to the Fund. The Committee shall not assume any day-to-day risk management functions or activities. The Adviser and other service providers (Fund management) are responsible for the day-to-day implementation, maintenance, and administration of policies, procedures, systems and practices designed to identify, monitor and control risks to which the Fund is or may be exposed. The Chief Risk Officer of the Adviser oversees Fund managements execution of its risk management responsibilities. The actions of the Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committee are reviewed and ratified by the Board. The Valuation and Risk Management Oversight Committee meets at least annually.
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Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares and Other Interests
The table below shows for each Trustee, the amount of the Funds equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee, and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Fund, as of December 31, 2018 and stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by the Trustees in Family of Investment Companies |
||
Non-Interested Trustees | ||||
Alvin R. Albe, Jr. |
A | E | ||
Ira P. Cohen |
A | A | ||
Andrea N. Mullins |
A | A | ||
Keith M. Schappert |
A | E | ||
James E. Stueve |
A | A | ||
Interested Trustee | ||||
Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu |
A | E | ||
Samuel R. Dunlap |
A | A |
Furthermore, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family own securities beneficially or of record in the Adviser, the Funds principal underwriter or any of their affiliates.
Compensation
The table shows the estimated compensation to be paid to the Trustees for services for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2020, from the Fund Complex. The Fund Complex consists of the Fund as well as Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund and Angel Oak Funds Trust, affiliated registrants not discussed in this SAI.
Effective November 1, 2018, those Trustees who are not employees of the Adviser receive an annual retainer of $50,000 (pro-rated for any periods less than one year), as well as reimbursement for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings. Each Independent Trustee also receives a fee of $10,000 for each regularly scheduled meeting attended in person. In addition, each Committee Chairman receives additional annual compensation of $12,000 (pro-rated for any periods less than one year). The Fund does not have any pension nor retirement plans.
Prior to November 1, 2018, those Trustees who were not employees of the Adviser received an annual retainer of $40,000 (pro-rated for any periods less than one year), as well as reimbursement for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings. Each Independent Trustee also received a fee of $8,500 for each regularly scheduled meeting attended in person. The Fund does not have any pension or retirement plans. Effective November 1, 2017, each Committee Chairman receives additional annual compensation of $12,000 (pro-rated for any periods less than one year).
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Name of Person/Position |
Aggregate Compensation
from the Fund |
Total Compensation
from the Fund and Fund Complex Paid to Trustees (1) |
||||||
Non-Interested Trustees | ||||||||
Alvin R. Albe, Jr., Trustee |
$ | 9,471 | $ | 102,000 | ||||
Ira P. Cohen, Chairman |
$ | 9,471 | $ | 102,000 | ||||
Andrea N. Mullins, Trustee |
$ | 9,471 | $ | 102,000 | ||||
Keith M. Schappert, Trustee |
$ | 9,471 | $ | 102,000 | ||||
James E. Stueve, Trustee |
$ | 9,471 | $ | 102,000 | ||||
Interested Trustee | ||||||||
Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu, Trustee |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Samuel R. Dunlap, Trustee |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 |
(1) |
The Fund Complex consists of Angel Oak Funds Trust and Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund, each an affiliated registrant not discussed in this SAI. |
Investment Adviser
The Funds Adviser is Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, One Buckhead Plaza, 3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC was formed in 2009 by Michael A. Fierman, Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu and Brad A. Friedlander, each a Managing Partner of the Adviser.
Under the terms of the investment advisory agreement (the Agreement), the Adviser manages the Funds investments subject to oversight by the Board of Trustees. As compensation for its management services, the Fund is obligated to pay the Adviser a fee calculated and payable monthly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.35% of the average daily value of the Funds Managed Assets.
The Adviser has voluntarily agreed to waive its management fee to 1.00% of the Funds Managed Assets for the first year of the Funds operations. The Adviser may not recoup from the Fund any amount waived pursuant to this arrangement.
The Adviser retains the right to use the name Angel Oak in connection with another investment company or business enterprise with which the Adviser is or may become associated. The Funds right to use the name Angel Oak automatically ceases 90 days after termination of the Agreement and may be withdrawn by the Adviser on 90 days written notice.
The Adviser may make payments to banks or other financial institutions that provide Shareholder services and administer Shareholder accounts. If a bank or other financial institution were prohibited from continuing to perform all or a part of such services, management of the Fund believes that there would be no material impact on the Fund or Shareholders. Banks and other financial institutions may charge their customers fees for offering these services to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory authorities, and the overall return to those Shareholders availing themselves of the bank services will be lower than to those Shareholders who do not. The Fund may from time to time purchase securities issued by banks and other financial institutions that provide such services; however, in selecting investments for the Fund, no preference will be shown for such securities.
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About the Portfolio Managers
Sreeniwas V. Prabhu, Johannes Palsson, Navid Abghari, and Cheryl Pate are the Portfolio Managers of the Fund. As of January 31, 2019, the Portfolio Managers were responsible for managing the following types of accounts for the Adviser, other than the Fund(s) for which they serve as a portfolio manager:
Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu
Number and Assets of Other Accounts |
Number and Assets of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is
Performance Based |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment
Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |||||||||||||||||
8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 7,450,004,393 | $ | 1,343,330,581 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 658,639,405 | 0 |
Johannes Palsson
Number and Assets of Other Accounts |
Number and Assets of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is
Performance Based |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment
Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 131,556,187 | $ | 82,868,108 | $ | 128,306,540 | $ | 0 | $ | 82,868,108 | 0 |
Navid Abghari
Number and Assets of Other Accounts | Number and Assets of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Performance Based | |||||||||||||||||||||
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment
Companies |
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 131,556,187 | $ | 884,438,340 | $ | 128,306,540 | $ | 0 | $ | 199,747,164 | 0 |
Cheryl Pate
Number and Assets of Other Accounts | Number and Assets of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Performance Based | |||||||||||||||||||||
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment
Companies |
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 131,556,187 | $ | 82,868,108 | $ | 128,306,540 | $ | 0 | $ | 82,868,108 | 0 |
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Compensation: The Portfolio Managers receive an annual base salary from the Adviser. Mr. Prabhu has an ownership interest in the Adviser and may receive distributions from the Adviser, which may come from profits generated by the Adviser. Each of the Portfolio Managers is eligible to receive a discretionary bonus, which is based on: profitability of the Adviser; assets under management; investment performance of managed accounts; compliance with the Advisers policies and procedures; contribution to the Advisers goals and objectives; anticipated compensation levels of competitor firms; effective research; role and responsibilities; client satisfaction; asset retention; teamwork; leadership and risk management.
Potential Conflicts of Interest : Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds and/or other accounts may experience the following potential conflicts: The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Investment decisions for client accounts are also made consistent with a clients individual investment objective and needs. Accordingly, there may be circumstances when purchases or sales of securities for one or more client accounts will have an adverse effect on other clients. The Adviser may seek to manage such competing interests by: (1) having a portfolio manager focus on a particular investment discipline; (2) utilizing a quantitative model in managing accounts and/or (3) reviewing performance differences between similarly managed accounts on a periodic basis to ensure that any such differences are attributable by differences in investment guidelines and timing of cash flows. The Adviser also maintains a Code of Ethics to establish standards and procedures for the detection and prevention of activities by which persons having knowledge of the investments and investment intentions of the Fund may abuse their fiduciary duties to the Fund.
If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one client, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible accounts. To deal with these situations, the Adviser has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts.
With respect to securities transactions for clients, the Adviser determines which broker to use to execute each order. However, the Adviser may direct securities transactions to a particular broker/dealer for various reasons including receipt of research or participation interests in initial public offerings that may or may not benefit the Fund. To deal with these situations, the Adviser has adopted procedures to help ensure best execution of all client transactions.
Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where the Adviser has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of one but not all accounts for which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.
The Fund is required to show the dollar amount ranges of the portfolio managers beneficial ownership of shares of the Fund as of the date of this SAI:
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund |
|
Sreeni V. Prabhu |
none | |
Johannes Palsson |
none | |
Navid Abghari |
none | |
Cheryl Pate |
none |
REPURCHASE OF SHARES AND OTHER DISCOUNT MEASURES
Because shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their NAVs, the Board has determined that from time to time it may be in the best interest of the Shareholders for the Fund to take certain actions intended to reduce such discount. The Board, in consultation with the Adviser, will review at least annually the possibility of open market repurchases and/or tender offers for the Shares and will consider such factors as the market price of the Shares, the NAV of the Shares, the liquidity of the assets of the Fund, the effect on the Funds expenses, whether such transactions would impair the Funds status as a RIC or result in a failure to comply with applicable asset coverage requirements, general economic conditions and such other events or conditions, which may have a material effect on the Funds ability to consummate such transactions. There are no assurances that the Board will, in fact, decide to undertake either of these actions or, if undertaken, that such actions will result in the Shares trading at a price which is equal to or approximates their NAV.
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In recognition of the possibility that the Shares might trade at a discount to NAV and that any such discount may not be in the interest of the Funds Shareholders, the Board, in consultation with the Adviser, from time to time may review the possible actions to reduce any such discount.
How Securities are Purchased and Sold
Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are fixed income securities (for instance, money market instruments and bonds, notes and bills) usually are principal transactions. In a principal transaction, the party from whom the Fund purchases or to whom the Fund sells is acting on their own behalf (and not as the agent of some other party such as its customers). These securities normally are purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for the securities. There usually are no brokerage commissions paid for these securities.
Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are equity securities (for instance common stock and preferred stock) are generally effected: (1) if the security is traded on an exchange, through brokers who charge commissions; and (2) if the security is traded in the over-the-counter markets, in a principal transaction directly from a market maker. In transactions on stock exchanges, commissions are negotiated. When transactions are executed in an over-the-counter market, the Adviser will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary to obtain best execution, the Adviser will utilize the services of others.
The price of securities purchased from underwriters includes a disclosed fixed commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and prices of securities purchased from dealers serving as market makers reflects the spread between the bid and asked price.
In the case of fixed income and equity securities traded in the over-the-counter markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup.
Commissions Paid
As of the date of this SAI, there were no brokerage commissions because the Fund had not yet commenced investment operations.
Adviser Responsibility for Purchases and Sales
The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of securities with broker-dealers selected by and in the discretion of the Adviser. The Fund does not have any obligation to deal with a specific broker or dealer in the execution of portfolio transactions. Allocations of transactions to brokers and dealers and the frequency of transactions are determined by the Adviser in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of the applicable Fund rather than by any formula.
The Adviser seeks best execution for all portfolio transactions. This means that the Adviser seeks the most favorable price and execution available. The Advisers primary consideration in executing transactions for the Fund is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner and at the most favorable price available.
Choosing Broker-Dealers
The Fund may not always pay the lowest commission or spread available. Rather, in determining the amount of commissions (including certain dealer spreads) paid in connection with securities transactions, the Adviser takes into account factors such as size of the order, difficulty of execution, efficiency of the executing brokers facilities (including the research services described below) and any risk assumed by the executing broker.
Consistent with applicable rules and the Advisers duties, the Adviser may consider payments made by brokers effecting transactions for the Fund. These payments may be made to the Fund or to other persons on behalf of the Fund for services provided to the Fund for which those other persons would be obligated to pay.
The Adviser may also utilize a broker and pay a slightly higher commission if, for example, the broker has specific expertise in a particular type of transaction (due to factors such as size or difficulty), or it is efficient in trade execution.
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Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers
From time to time, the Fund may acquire and hold securities issued by its regular brokers and dealers or the parents of those brokers and dealers. For this purpose, regular brokers and dealers are the 10 brokers or dealers that: (1) received the greatest amount of brokerage commissions during the Funds last fiscal year; (2) engaged in the largest amount of principal transactions for portfolio transactions of the Fund during the Funds last fiscal year; or (3) sold the largest amount of the Funds shares during the Funds last fiscal year. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund did not hold any securities of its regular brokers or dealers or their parent companies because the Fund had not yet commenced investment operations.
Obtaining Research from Brokers
The Adviser has full brokerage discretion. The Adviser evaluates the range and quality of a brokers services in placing trades such as securing best price, confidentiality, clearance and settlement capabilities, promptness of execution and the financial stability of the broker-dealer. The Adviser may give consideration to research services furnished by brokers to the Adviser for its use and may cause the Fund to pay these brokers a higher amount of commission than may be charged by other brokers. This research is designed to augment the Advisers own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. This research may include reports that are common in the industry such as industry research reports and periodicals, quotation systems, software for portfolio management and formal databases. Typically, the research will be used to service all of the Adviser accounts, although a particular client may not benefit from all the research received on each occasion. The Adviser fees are not reduced by reason of receipt of research services. Most of the brokerage commissions for research are for investment research on specific companies or industries. And, because the Adviser will follow a limited number of securities most of the commission dollars spent on research will directly benefit clients and the Funds investors.
Counterparty Risk
The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Funds transactions and intends to enter into a transaction only when it believes that the counterparty presents minimal and appropriate credit risks.
Transactions through Affiliates
The Adviser may effect brokerage transactions through affiliates of the Adviser (or affiliates of those persons) pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund.
Other Accounts of the Adviser
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for any other account or investment company that is or may in the future become advised by the Adviser or its affiliates. Investment decisions are the product of many factors, including basic suitability for the particular client involved. Likewise, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. In addition, two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event, each days transactions in such security are, insofar as is possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which, in the Advisers opinion, is in the best interest of the affected accounts and is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of a portfolio security for one client could have an adverse effect on another client that has a position in that security. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for the Fund and other client accounts managed by the Adviser occurs contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated to obtain any price advantages available to large denomination purchases or sales.
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the Policies) on behalf of the Fund which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Adviser, subject to the Boards continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and its Shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisers Proxy Policies (as defined below) and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. The Adviser has also adopted the following Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Advisers Proxy Policies).
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In its role as investment adviser to the Fund, the Adviser has adopted those proxy voting policies adopted by the Fund. To the extent that the Funds policies do not cover potential voting issues with respect to proxies received by the Fund, the Fund has delegated to the Adviser the authority to act on its behalf to promote the Funds investment objective, subject to the provisions of the Funds policies regarding resolution of a conflict of interest with respect to the Adviser.
The Adviser will vote proxies in the best interests of the Fund. The Adviser will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the election of directors and the selection of auditors, absent conflicts of interest ( e.g. , an auditors provision of non-audit services). The Adviser will generally vote against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or cause unequal voting rights. In reviewing proposals, the Adviser may also consider the opinion of management, the effect on management, the effect on Shareholder value and the issuers business practices.
The Adviser recognizes that under certain circumstances it may have a conflict of interest in voting proxies on behalf of the Fund. A conflict of interest, means any circumstance when the Adviser (including officers, directors, agents and employees) knowingly does business with, receives compensation from, or sits on the board of, a particular issuer or closely affiliated entity, and, therefore, may appear to have a conflict of interest between its own interests and the interests of fund Shareholders in how proxies of that issuer are voted. The Adviser has adopted the Funds procedures as they relate to the resolution of conflicts of interest with respect to voting shares of the Fund.
The Fund will file a Form N-PX, with the Funds complete proxy voting record for the 12 months ended June 30, no later than August 31st of each year. Form N-PX for the Fund will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free (855) 751-4324 and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
The tax information set forth in the Prospectus and the information in this section relates solely to Federal income tax law and assumes that the Fund qualifies as a RIC (as discussed below). Such information is only a summary of certain key Federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its Shareholders and is in addition to the information provided in the Prospectus. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the Federal tax treatment of the Fund or the tax implications to Shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning.
This Taxation section is subject to the qualifications set forth in the Prospectus under the heading Tax Aspects is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and applicable regulations in effect on the date of the Prospectus. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its Shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
All investors should consult their own tax advisors as to the Federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
Qualification as a RIC
The Fund intends, for each tax year, to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code.
Federal Income Tax Consequences of Qualification
As a RIC, the Fund will generally not be subject to Federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (that is, taxable interest, dividends, net short-term capital gains and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses) and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes to Shareholders. To be subject to tax as a RIC, generally the Fund must satisfy the following requirements:
|
The Fund must distribute an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of its net tax-exempt interest, if any, each tax year (certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of its tax year are considered distributions attributable to the previous tax year for purposes of satisfying this requirement (Distribution Requirement)). |
32
|
The Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each tax year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities, or other income (including gains from options and futures contracts) derived from its business of investing in securities and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships. |
|
The Fund must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Funds tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Funds assets must consist of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities and securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, or in two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. |
While the Fund presently intends to make cash distributions (including distributions reinvested in Fund shares) for each tax year in an aggregate amount sufficient to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and eliminate Federal income tax, the Fund may use equalization accounting (in lieu of making some or all cash distributions) for those purposes. To the extent that the Fund uses equalization accounting it will allocate a portion of its undistributed investment company taxable income and net capital gain to repurchases of Fund shares and will correspondingly reduce the amount of such income and gain that it distributes in cash. If the IRS determines that the Funds allocation is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any tax year, the Fund may be liable for Federal income and/or excise tax, and, if the Distribution Requirement has not been met, may also be unable to continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC (see discussion below on what happens if the Fund fails to qualify for that treatment).
Failure to Qualify
If for any tax year the Fund does not qualify as a RIC, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to Shareholders, and the dividends will generally be taxable to the Shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and make distributions (any of which could be subject to interest charges) before re-qualifying for taxation as a RIC. If the Fund fails to satisfy either the income test or asset diversification test described above, in certain cases, however, the Fund may be able to avoid losing its status as a RIC by timely providing notice of such failure to the IRS, curing such failure and possibly paying an additional tax or penalty.
Failure to qualify as a RIC would thus have a negative impact on the Funds income and performance. It is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a RIC in any given tax year.
Fund Distributions
The Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net tax-exempt interest (if any) for each tax year. Distributions paid to you out of such income generally would be characterized as ordinary income. A portion of these distributions may qualify for the dividends-received deduction when paid to certain corporate Shareholders to the extent of dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met.
A portion of the Funds distributions paid to individuals may be treated as qualified dividend income, which is subject to a reduced maximum Federal income tax rate. A properly reported distribution is treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that the Fund receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund and the Shareholder. To the extent the Funds distributions are attributable to other sources, such as interest or capital gains, such distributions are not treated as qualified dividend income.
Given the Funds investment strategies, it is not expected that a significant portion of the Funds dividends will be eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income or the dividends-received deduction.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from repurchases or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such persons modified adjusted gross income (in the case of an individual) or adjusted gross income (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
33
The Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its net capital gain for each tax year. These distributions generally are made only once a year, usually in November or December, but the Fund may make additional distributions of net capital gain at any time during the year. These distributions to you generally would be characterized as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held shares. These distributions do not qualify for the dividends-received deduction.
The Fund intends to operate, each year, using a fiscal and taxable year ending January 31.
Distributions by the Fund that do not constitute ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income or capital gain dividends generally will be treated as a return of capital. Return of capital distributions reduce your tax basis in the shares and are treated as gain from the sale of the shares to the extent your basis would be reduced below zero.
All distributions by the Fund will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether the distribution is paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund (or of another fund). If you receive distributions in the form of additional shares, you will be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of shares.
You may purchase shares with a NAV at the time of purchase that reflects undistributed net investment income or recognized capital gain, or unrealized appreciation in the value of the assets of the Fund. Distributions of these amounts are taxable to you in the manner described above, although the distribution economically constitutes a return of capital to you.
Ordinarily, you are required to take distributions by the Fund into account in the year in which they are made. A distribution declared in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to Shareholders of record on a specified date in those months, however, is deemed to be paid by the Fund and received by you on December 31 of that calendar year if the distribution is actually paid in January of the following year.
The Fund will send you information annually as to the Federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year.
The Fund will be treated as a publicly offered regulated investment company (within the meaning of Section 67 of the Code) if either (i) shares of the Fund are held by at least 500 persons at all times during a taxable year, (ii) shares of the Fund are treated as regularly traded on an established securities market or (iii) shares of the Fund are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering (within the meaning of section 4 of the 1933 Act). If the Fund is not treated as a publicly offered RIC for any calendar year, for purposes of computing the taxable income of U.S. Shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates, (i) the Funds earnings will be computed without taking into account such U.S. Shareholders allocable shares of the management fees paid to the Funds investment adviser and certain of the Funds other expenses, (ii) each such U.S. Shareholder will be treated as having received or accrued a dividend from the Fund in the amount of such U.S. Shareholders allocable share of these fees and expenses for the calendar year, (iii) each such U.S. Shareholder will be treated as having paid or incurred such U.S. Shareholders allocable share of these fees and expenses for the calendar year and (iv) each such U.S. Shareholders allocable share of these fees and expenses will be treated as miscellaneous itemized deductions by such U.S. Shareholder. Miscellaneous itemized deductions are not deductible for taxable years that begin after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026, and thereafter generally (i) will be deductible only to the extent that they exceed 2% of the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer, (ii) will not be deductible for purposes of the alternative minimum tax and (iii) will be subject to the overall limitation on itemized deductions under Section 68 of the Code.
Certain Tax Rules Applicable to Fund Transactions
For Federal income tax purposes, when put and call options purchased by the Fund expire unexercised, the premiums paid by the Fund give rise to short- or long-term capital losses at the time of expiration (depending on the length of the respective exercise periods for the options). When put and call options written by the Fund expire unexercised, the premiums received by the Fund give rise to short-term capital gains at the time of expiration. When the Fund exercises a call, the purchase price of the underlying security is increased by the amount of the premium paid by the Fund. When the Fund exercises a put, the proceeds from the sale of the underlying security are decreased by the premium paid. When a put or call written by the Fund is exercised, the purchase price (selling price in the case of a call) of the underlying security is decreased (increased in the case of a call) for tax purposes by the premium received.
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Some of the debt securities that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt securities that are issued with original issue discount (OID). Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. Additionally, some of the debt securities that may be acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income. The Fund generally will be required to distribute dividends to Shareholders representing discount on debt securities that is currently includable in income, even though cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay such dividends may be obtained from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund.
The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease accruing interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Certain listed options, regulated futures contracts and forward currency contracts are considered Section 1256 contracts for Federal income tax purposes. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each tax year are marked to market and treated for Federal income tax purposes as though sold for fair market value on the last business day of the tax year. Gains or losses realized by the Fund on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses. The Fund can elect to exempt its Section 1256 contracts that are part of a mixed straddle (as described below) from the application of Section 1256 of the Code.
Any option, futures contract or other position entered into or held by the Fund in conjunction with any other position held by the Fund may constitute a straddle for Federal income tax purposes. A straddle of which at least one, but not all, the positions are Section 1256 contracts, may constitute a mixed straddle. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the character and timing of the Funds gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that: (1) the loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle may not be recognized to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (2) the Funds holding period in straddle positions being suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in a gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (3) the losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions which are part of a mixed straddle and which are non-Section 1256 contracts being treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (4) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (5) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred. Various elections are available to the Fund, which may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to mixed straddles. In general, the straddle rules described above do not apply to any straddles held by the Fund if all of the offsetting positions consist of Section 1256 contracts.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, gains or losses from the disposition of foreign currencies, from the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency or from the disposition of a forward contract, futures contract or similar financial instrument denominated in a foreign currency which are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the asset and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses, referred to under the Code as Section 988 gains or losses, increase or decrease the amount of the Funds investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its Shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of the Funds net capital gain.
The Fund may invest in shares of foreign corporations (including equity interests in certain CLOs) which may be treated as passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) under the Code. In general, a foreign corporation is treated as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. If the Fund receives a so-called excess distribution with respect to PFIC stock, the Fund itself may be subject to a tax on a portion of the excess
35
distribution, whether or not the corresponding income is distributed by the Fund to Shareholders. In general, under the PFIC rules, an excess distribution is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Fund held the PFIC shares. The Fund itself will be subject to tax on the portion, if any, of an excess distribution that is so allocated to prior Fund tax years and an interest factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had been payable in such prior tax years. Certain distributions from a PFIC as well as gain from the sale of PFIC shares are treated as excess distributions. Excess distributions are characterized as ordinary income even though, absent application of the PFIC rules, certain excess distributions might have been characterized as capital gain.
The Fund may be eligible to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC shares. Under an election that currently is available in some circumstances, the Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether distributions are received from the PFIC in a given tax year. If this election were made, the special rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply.
Alternatively, the Fund may elect to mark-to-market its PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year, with the result that unrealized gains would be treated as though they were realized and reported as ordinary income. Any mark-to-market losses would be deductible as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included in income in prior tax years.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income with respect to PFIC shares, as well as subject the Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC shares, the amount that must be distributed to Shareholders, and which will be taxed to Shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC shares. The IRS recently issued final regulations that generally treat the Funds income inclusion with respect to a PFIC with respect to which the Fund has made a QEF election as Qualifying RIC Income either if (A) there is a current distribution out of the earnings and profits of the PFIC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to the Funds business of investing in stock, securities or currencies.
If the Fund holds more than 10% of the interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) (including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in a CLO treated as CFC), the Fund may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each tax year from such foreign corporation in an amount equal to the Funds pro rata share of the corporations income for the tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution during such year. In general, a foreign corporation will be classified as a CFC if more than 50% of the shares of the corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A U.S. Shareholder, for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the combined voting power or value of all classes of shares of a corporation. If the Fund is treated as receiving a deemed distribution from a CFC, the Fund will be required to include such distribution in the Funds investment company taxable income regardless of whether the Fund receives any actual distributions from such CFC, and the Fund must distribute such income to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs. The IRS recently issued final regulations that generally treat the Funds income inclusion with respect to a CFC as Qualifying RIC Income either if (A) there is a distribution out of the earnings and profits of the CFC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to the Funds business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies.
The Fund might invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued (but may apply with retroactive effect) a portion of the Funds income from a REMIC or a TMP, or from real estate investment trust (REIT) that is attributable to the REITs residual interest in a REMIC or a TMP (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion), will be subject to Federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Fund, will generally be allocated to Shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such Shareholders, with the same consequences as if the Shareholders held the related REMIC or TMP residual interest directly.
36
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to Shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions) and (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income. In addition, because the Code provides that excess inclusion income is ineligible for treaty benefits, a RIC must withhold tax on excess inclusions attributable to its foreign Shareholders at a 30% rate of withholding, regardless of any treaty benefits for which a Shareholder is otherwise eligible.
Federal Excise Tax
A 4% nondeductible excise tax is imposed on a RIC that fails to distribute in each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of: (1) 98% of its ordinary taxable income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year; (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period ended on October 31 of the calendar year; and (3) all ordinary taxable income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed or taxed during such years and on which the RIC did not incur any Federal income tax. The balance of the Funds income must be distributed during the next calendar year. The Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to income tax for any tax year ending in the calendar year.
The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions of its ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the excise tax. Investors should note, however, that the Fund might in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make sufficient distributions to avoid the imposition of any excise tax liability.
Sale, Exchange or Repurchase of Shares
In general, you will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or repurchase of Fund shares (including in connection with a termination of the Fund) in an amount equal to the difference between the proceeds of the sale, exchange or repurchase and your adjusted tax basis in the shares. All or a portion of any loss so recognized may be disallowed if you purchase (for example, by reinvesting dividends) shares of the Fund within 30 days before or after the sale, exchange or repurchase (a wash sale). If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares purchased. In general, any gain or loss arising from the sale, exchange or repurchase of Fund shares will be considered capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares were held for longer than one year. Any capital loss arising from the sale, exchange or repurchase of shares held for six months or less, however, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of distributions of net capital gain received on such shares. In determining the holding period of such shares for this purpose, any period during which your risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales or similar transactions is not counted. Capital losses in any tax year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income.
The repurchase or transfer of shares may result in a taxable gain or loss to a tendering Shareholder. Different tax consequences may apply for tendering and non-tendering Shareholders in connection with a repurchase offer. For example, if a Shareholder does not tender all of his or her shares (including shares deemed owned by Shareholders under constructive ownership rules) or does not meet certain other requirements, such repurchase may not be treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and instead would be treated as a dividend to the extent of the Funds earnings and profits), and may result in deemed distributions to non-tendering Shareholders. On the other hand, Shareholders holding shares as capital assets who tender all of their shares (including shares deemed owned by Shareholders under constructive ownership rules) or meet certain other requirements will be treated as having sold their shares and generally will recognize capital gain or loss. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount received for the shares and the Shareholders adjusted tax basis in the relevant shares. Such gain or loss generally will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Shareholder has held such shares as capital assets for more than one year. Otherwise, the gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
The Fund (or its administrative agent) is required to report to the IRS and furnish to Shareholders the cost basis information for sale transactions of shares. Shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best cost basis method for their tax situation. Shareholders that hold their shares through a financial intermediary should contact such financial intermediary with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.
37
Backup Withholding
The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury backup withholding on taxable distributions and the proceeds of repurchases of shares paid to you if you: (1) have failed to provide your correct taxpayer identification number; (2) are otherwise subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly; or (3) have failed to certify to the Fund that you are not subject to backup withholding or that you are a C corporation or other exempt recipient. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather any amounts so withheld may be credited against your Federal income tax liability or refunded if proper documentation is provided.
State and Local Taxes
The tax rules of the various states of the U.S. and their local jurisdictions with respect to an investment in the Fund can differ from the Federal income taxation rules described above. These state and local rules are not discussed herein. You are urged to consult your tax advisor as to the consequences of state and local tax rules with respect to an investment in the Fund.
Foreign Income Tax
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries as well as gains or the proceeds from the sale or other disposition of foreign securities may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that may entitle the Fund to a reduced rate of such taxes or exemption from taxes on such income. It is impossible to know the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Funds assets to be invested within various countries cannot be determined. If more than 50% of the value of the Funds total assets at the close of its tax year consists of stocks or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible and intends to file an election with the IRS to pass through to its Shareholders the amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund subject to certain exceptions. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to do so. Pursuant to this election, you will be required to: (1) include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund; (2) treat your pro rata share of such foreign taxes as having been paid by you and (3) either deduct such pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing your taxable income or treat such foreign taxes as a credit against Federal income taxes. You may be subject to rules which limit or reduce your ability to fully deduct, or claim a credit for, your pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund.
Foreign Shareholders
The foregoing discussion relates only to U.S. Federal income tax law as applicable to U.S. persons ( i.e. , U.S. citizens and residents and U.S. domestic corporations, trusts and estates). Shareholders who are not U.S. persons (foreign Shareholders) should consult their tax advisers regarding U.S. and foreign tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund including the likelihood that taxable distributions to them would be subject to withholding of U.S. tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate for eligible investors). An investment in the Fund may also be included in determining a foreign Shareholders U.S. estate tax liability.
Properly designated dividends received by a foreign Shareholder from a RIC are generally exempt from U.S. Federal withholding tax when they (i) were paid in respect of the RICs qualified net interest income (generally, the RICs U.S. source interest income, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income), or (ii) are paid in connection with the RICs qualified short-term capital gains (generally, the excess of the RICs net short-term capital gain over the RICs long-term capital loss for such taxable year). There can be no assurance that the Fund may designate all, some or none of the Funds potentially eligible dividends as derived from such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains, and a portion of the Funds distributions ( e.g. , interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding. Furthermore, in the case of Fund shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may have withheld U.S. Federal income tax, even if the Fund designated all or a portion of such potentially eligible dividends as having been derived from qualified net interest or income or from qualified short-term capital gains.
Withholding of U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) is required on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. The information required to be reported includes the identity and taxpayer identification number of each account holder and transaction activity within the holders account. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required.
38
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any class of the outstanding Fund. Shareholders holding greater than 25% interest in the Fund may be deemed to be a control person of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. As of the date of this SAI, there were no control persons or principal Shareholders of the Fund.
Administrator, Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (Fund Services), 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, acts as administrator, accounting agent and transfer agent to the Fund pursuant to respective agreements. Fund Services provides certain administrative services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Funds independent contractors and agents; preparation for signature by an officer of the Fund of all documents required to be filed for compliance by the Fund with applicable laws and regulations excluding those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including NAV and yield; responding to Shareholder inquiries and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund, and providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares.
Pursuant to the Funds administration agreements with Fund Services, Fund Services will receive fees from the Fund for services performed as administrator, transfer agent and fund accountant. Fund Services expects to receive a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, subject to an annual minimum amount.
The Fund paid no administration and fund accounting fees to Fund Services as of the date of this SAI because the Fund had not yet commenced investment operations.
Custodian
U.S. Bank National Association (U.S. Bank) is the custodian for the Fund and safeguards and controls the Funds cash and securities, determines income and collects interest on Fund investments. U.S. Banks address is 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. The custodian does not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund. Fund Services and U.S. Bank are affiliated entities under the common control of U.S. Bancorp.
Independent Public Accounting Firm
Cohen & Company, Ltd., 1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800, Cleveland, OH 44115 (the Auditor), has been selected as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. The Auditor will perform an annual audit of the Funds financial statements and will provide financial, tax and accounting services as requested.
Legal Counsel
Dechert LLP, 1900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Fund.
39
Code of Ethics
The Fund and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, which are designed to eliminate conflicts of interest between the Fund and personnel of the Fund and the Adviser. The codes permit such personnel to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, subject to certain limitations.
Registration Statement
This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Funds registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered hereby. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, are available on the SECs website at www.sec.gov or may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, are qualified by, reference to the copy of such contract or other documents filed as exhibits to the registration statement.
40
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Statement
As of April 1, 2019
Table of Contents
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
F-2 | ||||
F-3 | ||||
F-5 |
F-1
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
April 1, 2019
Angel Oak
Financial Strategies Income Term Trust |
||||
Assets: |
||||
Cash |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Total Assets |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Liabilities: |
| |||
|
|
|||
Total Liabilities |
| |||
|
|
|||
Net Assets: |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Net Assets Consist of: Paid in Capital |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Shares of common stock outstanding |
5,000 | |||
|
|
|||
Net asset value and offering price per share |
$ | 20.00 | ||
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.
F-2
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
April 1, 2019
1. |
Organization |
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Fund), a Delaware statutory trust organized on June 14, 2018, is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), as amended. The investment objective of the Fund is to seek current income with a secondary objective of total return. There are an unlimited number of authorized shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 per share. As of April 1, 2019, the Fund has had no operations other than those actions relating to organizational and registration matters, including the sale and issuance to Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the Adviser) of 5,000 shares at an aggregate purchase price of $100,000. The proceeds of the 5,000 shares were held in cash.
The Fund will terminate on or before May 29, 2031 (the Termination Date); provided, that if the Board of Trustees (Board) believes that, under then-current market conditions, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so, the Fund may extend the Termination Date: (i) once for up to one year ( i.e. , up to May 29, 2032), and (ii) once for up to an additional six months ( i.e. , up to November 29, 2032), in each case upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board and without Shareholder approval. In addition, as of a date within twelve months preceding the Termination Date, the Board may cause the Fund to conduct a tender offer to all Shareholders to purchase shares of the Fund at a price equal to the net asset value per Share on the expiration date of the tender offer.
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial statement in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The Fund follows the investment company accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Codification Topic 946 Financial Services-Investment Companies.
(a) |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(b) Indemnifications
Under the Funds organizational documents, the Fund will indemnify its officers and trustees for certain liabilities that may arise from performance of their duties to the Fund. Additionally, in the normal course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of representatives and warranties which provide general indemnifications. The Funds maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred.
(c) Federal Income Taxes
The Fund intends to elect and continuously qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If so qualified, the Fund generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes substantially all of its net investment income and capital gains to shareholders. The Fund generally intends to operate in a manner such that it will not be liable for federal income or excise taxes. The Fund has adopted financial reporting rules regarding recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The Fund recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of April 1, 2019, the Fund did not incur any interest or penalties.
F-3
3. |
Agreements |
(a) |
Investment Advisory Agreement |
The Fund has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement (the Agreement) with the Adviser. The Advisers primary place of business is at One Buckhead Plaza, 3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. Pursuant to the Agreement, and in consideration of the advisory services provided by the Adviser to the Fund, the Adviser is entitled to a management fee. The management fee is calculated and payable monthly in arrears at the annual rate of 1.35% of the average daily value of the Funds Managed Assets (total assets of the Fund, including assets attributable to leverage, minus liabilities).
The Fund may seek to enhance the level of its current distributions to its shareholders through the use of leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Initially, the Fund expects to use leverage through borrowings from certain financial institutions or the use of reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage in an aggregate amount up to 40% of the Funds Managed Assets immediately after giving effect to the leverage.
The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive or limit its fees and to assume other expenses of the Fund so that the total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund do not exceed 0.25% of the Funds average daily gross assets through May 31, 2020. The operating expense limitation does not apply to management fees, taxes, interest on borrowings, dividends on securities sold short, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, expense incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses. The contractual arrangement may only be changed or eliminated by the Board upon 60 days written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser may recoup from the Fund any waived amount or reimbursed expenses pursuant to this agreement if such recoupment does not cause the Fund to exceed the current expense limit or the expense limit in place at the time of the waiver or reimbursement (whichever is lower) and the recoupment is made within 36 months following the month in which the waiver and/or reimbursement occurred.
(b) |
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent |
The custodian to the Fund is U.S. Bank, N.A., located at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI 53212. The administrator and transfer agent to the Fund is U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, an affiliate of U.S. Bank, N.A., located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202.
4. |
Organizational and Offering Costs |
Organizational costs consist of costs incurred to establish the Fund and enable it legally to do business. Offering costs include state registration fees and legal fees regarding the preparation of the initial registration statement. These organization and offering expenses were paid by the Adviser and will not be subject to reimbursement by the Fund.
5. |
Related Parties |
At April 1, 2019, the officers and certain trustees of the Fund were also employees of the Adviser.
6. |
Beneficial Ownership |
The beneficial ownership, either directly or indirectly, of 25% or more of the voting securities of a fund creates a presumption of control of such fund, under Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act. At April 1, 2019, the Adviser owned, as record shareholder, 100% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
7. |
Subsequent Events |
Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date the statement of assets and liabilities was issued and has determined that there are no material events that would require adjustment to disclosure in the Funds financial statement through this date.
F-4
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholder and Board of Trustees of
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
Opinion on the Financial Statement
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Fund) as of April 1, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statement). In our opinion, the financial statement presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of April 1, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
This financial statement is the responsibility of the Funds management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Funds financial statement based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statement, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement. Our procedures included confirmation of cash owned as of April 1, 2019, by correspondence with the custodian. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statement. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We have served as the auditor for one or more investment companies advised by Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC since 2011.
COHEN & COMPANY, LTD.
Cleveland, Ohio
April 29, 2019
F-5
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25. |
Financial Statements and Exhibits |
(5) |
Distribution Assistance Agreement between Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC and Destra Capital Investments LLC.*** | |||||
(6) |
Expense Limitation Agreement.*** | |||||
(l) |
Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP.**** |
|||||
(m) |
Not applicable. |
|||||
(n) |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*** |
|||||
(o) |
Not applicable. |
|||||
(p) |
Subscription Agreement.*** |
|||||
(q) |
Not applicable. |
|||||
(r) |
(1) |
Code of Ethics of the Registrant.*** | ||||
(2) |
Code of Ethics of Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC.* | |||||
(s) |
(1) |
Powers of Attorney dated June 21, 2018.* | ||||
(2) |
Powers of Attorney dated March 4, 2019.** | |||||
(t) |
Not applicable. |
* |
Incorporated by reference to the Registrants Initial Registration Statement on Form N-2, filed June 28, 2018. |
** |
Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2, filed March 21, 2019. |
*** |
Filed herewith. |
**** |
To be filed by amendment. |
Item 26. |
Marketing Arrangements |
See Underwriting Agreement to be provided by amendment.
Item 27. |
Other Expenses of Issuance or Distribution |
The approximate expenses in connection with the offering are as follows:
Registration and Filing Fees |
* | |||
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Fees |
* | |||
New York Stock Exchange Fees |
* | |||
Cost of Printing and Engraving |
* | |||
Accounting Fees and Expenses |
* | |||
Legal Fees and Expenses |
* | |||
Miscellaneous |
* | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
* |
* |
To be filed by amendment. |
Item 28. |
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant |
None.
Item 29. |
Number of Holder of Securities |
As of , 2019:
Title of Class |
Number of
Record Holders |
|
Common Shares |
1 |
Item 30. |
Indemnification |
Reference is made to Article VII, Section 3 of Registrants Declaration of Trust, which is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit (a)(2).
Reference is made to Section 11 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, a form of which is filed herewith as Exhibit (g).
Reference is made to Section 9 of the Underwriting Agreement, to be filed by amendment.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), may be permitted to the trustees, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by the trustees, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by the trustees, officer or controlling person, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. |
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser |
Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC serves as the investment adviser to the Registrant. Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC is engaged in the investment advisory business. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC and each of its executive officers and directors is or has been, during the last two fiscal years, engaged for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, reference is made to the information set forth in Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLCs Form ADV (File No. 801-70670), as filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference.
Item 32. |
Location of Accounts and Records |
The books, accounts and other documents required by Section 31(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of:
Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, One Buckhead Plaza, 3060 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30305 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the Registrant).
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 (records relating to its function as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent).
U.S. Bank National Association, 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53212 (records relating to its function as custodian).
Item 33. |
Management Services |
Not applicable.
Item 34. |
Undertakings |
1. |
Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its Shares until it amends the prospectus filed herewith if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus. |
2. |
Not applicable. |
3. |
Not applicable. |
4. |
Not applicable. |
5. |
The Registrant undertakes that: |
a. |
For purposes of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and |
b. |
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
6. |
The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Atlanta and State of Georgia on the 3rd day of May, 2019.
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
(A Delaware statutory trust)
|
||
By: |
/s/ Dory S. Black |
|
Dory S. Black | ||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date |
||
/s/ Alvin R. Albe, Jr.* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
Alvin R. Albe, Jr. | ||||
/s/ Ira P. Cohen* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
Ira P. Cohen | ||||
/s/ Andrea N. Mullins* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
Andrea N. Mullins | ||||
/s/ Keith M. Schappert* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
Keith M. Schappert | ||||
/s/ James E. Stueve* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
James E. Stueve | ||||
/s/ Sreeniwas V. Prabhu* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
Sreeniwas V. Prabhu | ||||
/s/ Samuel R. Dunlap, III* |
Trustee | May 3, 2019 | ||
Samuel R. Dunlap, III | ||||
/s/ Dory S. Black |
President | May 3, 2019 | ||
Dory S. Black | ||||
/s/ Daniel Fazioli Daniel Fazioli |
Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer |
May 3, 2019 |
*By: |
/s/ Dory S. Black |
|
Dory S. Black Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to Powers of Attorney |
EXHIBIT INDEX
(e) |
Terms and Conditions of Dividend Reinvestment Plan | |
(g) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC | |
(j) |
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association | |
(k)(1) |
Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC | |
(k)(2) |
Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC | |
(k)(3) |
Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC | |
(k)(4) |
Investor Support Services Agreement between the Registrant and Destra Capital Investments LLC | |
(k)(5) |
Distribution Assistance Agreement between Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC and Destra Capital Investments LLC | |
(k)(6) |
Expense Limitation Agreement | |
(n) |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
(p) |
Subscription Agreement | |
(r)(1) |
Code of Ethics of the Registrant |
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
FORM OF DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
Introduction
Under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan) for Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Company), dividends and/or distributions to a holder of the Companys common shares of beneficial interest (each, a Common Share and, collectively Common Shares) will automatically be reinvested in additional Common Shares of the Company. Each shareholder that participates in the Plan (each, a Participant and collectively, Participants) may elect to have net investment income dividends and distributions distributed in cash ( i.e. , opt-out). For any Participant, dividends and/or distributions on such shareholders Common Shares will be reinvested by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the Plan Administrator), as agent for shareholders in administering the Plan, in additional Common Shares, as set forth below. Participation in the Plan is completely voluntary, and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by notice if received and processed by the Plan Administrator prior to the dividend record rate; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Participants who hold their Common Shares through a broker or other nominee and who wish to elect to receive any dividends and distributions in cash must contact their broker or nominee.
Plan Details
1. |
The Plan Administrator will open an account for each holder of Common Shares under the Plan in the same name in which such holder of Common Shares is registered. Whenever the Company declares a dividend or other distribution (together, a Dividend) payable in cash, non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and Participants will receive the equivalent in Common Shares. The Common Shares will be acquired by the Plan Administrator for the Participants accounts, depending upon the circumstances described below, either through (i) receipt of additional unissued but authorized Common Shares from the Company (Newly Issued Common Shares) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding Common Shares on the open market (Open-Market Purchases) on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere. |
2. |
If, on the payment date for any Dividend, the closing market price plus estimated per share fees (which include any brokerage commissions the Plan Administrator is required to pay) is equal to or greater than the net asset value (NAV) per Common Share, the Plan Administrator will invest the Dividend amount in Newly Issued Common Shares on behalf of the Participants. The number of Newly Issued Common Shares to be credited to each Participants account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the Dividend by the NAV per Common Share on the payment date; provided that, if the NAV is less than or equal to 95% of the closing market value on the payment date, the dollar amount of the Dividend will be divided by 95% of the closing market price per Common Share on the payment date. If, on the payment date for any Dividend, the NAV per Common Share is greater than the closing market value plus per share fees, the Plan Administrator will invest the Dividend amount in Common Shares acquired on behalf of the Participants in Open-Market Purchases. In the event of a market discount on the payment date for any Dividend, the Plan Administrator will have until the last business day before the next date on which the Common Shares trade on an ex-dividend basis or 30 days after the payment date for such Dividend, whichever is sooner (the Last Purchase Date), to invest the Dividend amount in Common Shares acquired in Open-Market Purchases. It is contemplated that the Company will pay monthly income Dividends. Therefore, the period during which Open-Market Purchases can be made will exist only from the payment date of each Dividend through the date before the next ex-dividend date which typically will be approximately ten days. If, before the Plan Administrator has completed its Open-Market Purchases, the market price per Common Share exceeds the NAV per Common Share, the average per Common Share purchase price paid by the Plan Administrator may exceed the NAV of the Common Shares, resulting in the acquisition of fewer Common Shares than if the Dividend had been paid in Newly Issued Common Shares on the Dividend payment date. Because of the foregoing difficulty with respect to Open-Market Purchases, the Plan provides that if the Plan Administrator is unable to invest the full Dividend amount in Open-Market Purchases during the purchase period or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Plan Administrator may cease making Open-Market Purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the Dividend amount in Newly Issued Common Shares at the NAV per Common Share at the close of business on the Last Purchase Date provided that, if the NAV is less than or equal to 95% of the then current market price per Common Share, the dollar amount of the Dividend will be divided by 95% of the market price on the payment date. |
3. |
The Plan Administrator maintains all Participants accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by Participants for tax records. Common Shares in the account of each Participant will be held by the Plan Administrator on behalf of the Participant, and each shareholder proxy will include those shares purchased or received pursuant to the Plan. The Plan Administrator will forward all proxy solicitation materials to Participants and vote proxies for Common Shares held under the Plan in accordance with the instructions of the Participants. |
4. |
In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Administrator will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified from time to time by the record shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Plan. |
5. |
There will be no charges with respect to Common Shares issued directly by the Company. However, each Participant will pay a per Common Share fee incurred in connection with Open Market Purchases. The automatic reinvestment of Dividends will not relieve Participants of any Federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividend. Participants that request a sale of Common Shares through the Plan Administrator will be subject to a sales fee for Common Share sold. All per Common Share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Plan Administrator is required to pay. |
6. |
The Company reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan. There is no direct service charge to Participants with regard to purchases in the Plan; however, the Company reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the Participants. |
7. |
These terms and conditions shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. |
8. |
All correspondence or questions concerning the Plan should be directed to the Plan Administrator, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, in writing to 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202. |
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
with
ANGEL OAK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC
THIS INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT is made as of the 26 th day of April, 2019, by and between Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (hereinafter called the Fund) and Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability corporation (hereinafter called the Adviser).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Fund is a management investment company and will be registered as such under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act), prior to the commencement of operations; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and is engaged in the business of supplying investment advice as an independent contractor; and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain the Adviser to render certain investment management and services pursuant to the terms and provisions of this Agreement, and the Adviser desires to furnish said advice and services; and
WHEREAS , the Adviser may retain sub-advisers (the Sub-Advisers) to render portfolio management services to the Fund pursuant to Investment Sub-Advisory Agreements between the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the parties to this Agreement, intending to be legally bound hereby, mutually agree as follows:
1. APPOINTMENT OF ADVISER. The Fund hereby employs the Adviser and the Adviser hereby accepts such employment, to render investment advice and related services, including the oversight of the portfolio management services to be rendered by any Sub-Advisers and the purchase and sale of securities held in the portfolio of the Fund, with respect to the assets of the Fund for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board of Trustees or Trustees).
2. DUTIES OF ADVISER
(a) GENERAL DUTIES. The Adviser shall act as investment adviser to the Fund and shall supervise investments of the Fund on behalf of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Funds governing documents, including, without limitation, the Funds Declaration of Trust and By-Laws; the Funds prospectus,
statement of additional information and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and procedures as the Trustees may impose from time to time in writing to the Adviser (collectively, the Investment Policies). In providing such services, the Adviser may also manage and oversee delegated sub-advisory services to be rendered by the Sub-Advisers to the Fund and shall at all times adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities laws, applicable state securities laws, the Internal Revenue Code, the Uniform Commercial Code and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Adviser shall: (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to the investment of the Funds assets and the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Fund, including the taking of such steps as may be necessary to implement such advice and recommendations ( i.e. , placing the orders); (ii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund, subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Board of Trustees; (iii) vote proxies for the Fund, file ownership reports under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act), for the Fund, and take other actions on behalf of the Fund; (iv) maintain the books and records required to be maintained by the Fund except to the extent arrangements have been made for such books and records to be maintained by the administrator or another agent of the Fund; (v) furnish reports, statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters related to the investment of the Funds assets which the Funds administrator or distributor or the officers of the Fund may reasonably request; (vi) render to the Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports with respect to the Funds investment activities as the Board may reasonably request; and (vii) subject to the authority of the Fund, shareholder approval and any applicable exemptive relief from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 15(a) and Rule 18f-2 of the Investment Company Act, have full authority to retain Sub-Advisers to provide certain investment advisory services to the Fund noted herein, and may delegate certain of its duties hereunder to a Sub-Adviser and pay the Sub-Adviser a portion of the compensation received by the Adviser hereunder; provided, however, that the Adviser shall remain fully liable for all of its obligations under this Agreement.
(b) BROKERAGE. The Adviser shall be responsible for, but may delegate, decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, for broker-dealer selection, and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates, provided that the Adviser shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the Adviser without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or dealer from the Board of Trustees. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser may rely on a list of Adviser-approved brokers or dealers selected based on criteria, including: the brokers integrity, ethics and trustworthiness regarding any relations and agreements with the Adviser and its clients; the brokers ability to generate investment ideas that consistently lead to value creation for the Advisers clients; the brokers speed and quality of trade execution to minimize market price impact and maximize value for the Advisers clients; the brokers capability to provide services at the lowest possible cost to the Advisers clients; availability of and the Advisers direct access to broker research analysts and strategists; sufficient, competent broker personnel and support staff; the quality, depth and effectiveness of the brokers investment research; the quality and effectiveness of trading ideas and their evaluation after-the-fact; the timely acknowledgement and correction of trade errors; the efficient clearance and settlement of trades; and the brokers overall ability to provide best execution for the Advisers clients. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
2
Subject to such policies as the Board of Trustees may determine and consistent with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Adviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Advisers overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund. Subject to the same policies and legal provisions, the Adviser is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or statistical material, or other services, to the Fund, the Adviser, or any affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser shall determine, and the Adviser shall report on such allocations regularly to the Fund, indicating the broker-dealers to whom such allocations have been made and the basis therefore.
On occasions when the Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as of other clients, the Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Adviser in the manner it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
3. REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ADVISER
(a) The Adviser shall use its best judgment and efforts in rendering the advice and services to the Fund as contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) The Adviser shall maintain all licenses and registrations necessary to perform its duties hereunder in good order.
(c) The Adviser shall conduct its operations at all times in conformance with the Advisers Act, the Investment Company Act, and any other applicable state and/or self-regulatory organization regulations.
(d) The Adviser shall maintain errors and omissions insurance in an amount at least equal to that disclosed to the Board of Trustees in connection with their approval of this Agreement.
4. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. The Adviser shall, for all purposes herein, be deemed to be an independent contractor, and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided and authorized to do so, have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way, or in any way be deemed an agent for the Fund. It is expressly understood and agreed that the services to be rendered by the Adviser to the Fund under the provisions of this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Adviser shall be free to render similar or different services to others so long as its ability to render the services provided for in this Agreement shall not be impaired thereby.
3
5. ADVISERS PERSONNEL
(a) The Adviser shall, at its own expense, maintain such staff and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the Adviser shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Adviser to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information, advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and assistance as the Adviser or the Board of Trustees may desire and reasonably request and any compliance staff and personnel required by the Adviser.
(b) As stated above, at its own expense, the Adviser may carry out any of its obligations under this Agreement by retaining, subject to the direction and control of the Board, one or more Sub-Advisers. The Adviser may with respect to the Fund: (i) evaluate, select, and recommend Sub-Advisers to manage all or a portion of the Funds assets; (ii) allocate and, when appropriate, reallocate the Funds assets among multiple Sub-Advisers; (iii) terminate any Fund Sub-Adviser; (iv) monitor and evaluate each Sub-Advisers performance; and (v) implement procedures reasonably designed to seek to ensure that Sub-Advisers comply with the Funds investment objective, policies, and restrictions. Despite the Advisers ability to retain Sub-Advisers to perform certain duties set forth in Section 2 of this Agreement, the Adviser shall retain overall responsibility for the general management and investment of the Funds assets.
6. EXPENSES
(a) With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Adviser shall be responsible for: (i) providing the personnel, office space and equipment reasonably necessary for the operation of the Fund; (ii) the expenses of printing and distributing extra copies of the Funds prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders); (iii) the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings convened for the primary benefit of the Adviser; (iv) the fees of any Sub-Advisers; and (v) any costs of liquidating or reorganizing the Fund (unless such cost is otherwise allocated by the Board of Trustees). If the Adviser has agreed to limit the operating expenses of the Fund, the Adviser also shall be responsible on a monthly basis for any operating expenses that exceed the agreed upon expense limit.
(b) The Fund is responsible for and has assumed the obligation for payment of all of its expenses, other than as stated in Subparagraph 6(a) above, including but not limited to: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian, shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net asset value and of maintaining its books
4
of account required under the Investment Company Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of the Funds shareholders and the Board of Trustees that are properly payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers of the Fund, including without limitation the Funds Chief Compliance Officer, and fees and expenses of members of the Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the Adviser; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; all or any portion of trade association dues or educational program expenses determined appropriate by the Board of Trustees; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for listing on the New York Stock Exchange or such other exchange on which the Funds shares may be listed; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing and reinvesting, share repurchases, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as herein otherwise prescribed.
(c) The Adviser may voluntarily or contractually absorb certain Fund expenses.
(d) To the extent the Adviser incurs any costs by assuming expenses which are an obligation of the Fund as set forth herein, the Fund shall promptly reimburse the Adviser for such costs and expenses, except to the extent the Adviser has otherwise agreed to bear such expenses. To the extent the services for which the Fund is obligated to pay are performed by the Adviser, the Adviser shall be entitled to recover from the Fund to the extent of the Advisers actual costs for providing such services. In determining the Advisers actual costs, the Adviser may take into account an allocated portion of the salaries and overhead of personnel performing such services.
7. INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND MANAGEMENT FEE
(a) The Fund shall pay to the Adviser, and the Adviser agrees to accept, as full compensation for all services furnished or provided to the Fund pursuant to this Agreement, an annual management fee at a rate of 1.35% of the Funds average daily Managed Assets, as such term is defined herein. For purposes of calculating the management fee, Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Funds accrued liabilities (other than Fund liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).
(b) The management fee shall be accrued daily by the Fund and paid to the Adviser on the first business day of the succeeding month.
(c) The initial fee under this Agreement shall be payable on the first business day of the first month following the effective date of this Agreement and shall be prorated as set forth below. If this Agreement is terminated prior to the end of any month, the fee to the Adviser shall be prorated for the portion of any month in which this Agreement is in effect which is not a complete month
5
according to the proportion which the number of calendar days in the month during which the Agreement is in effect bears to the number of calendar days in the month, and shall be payable within ten (10) days after the date of termination.
(d) The fee payable to the Adviser under this Agreement will be reduced to the extent of any receivable owed by the Adviser to the Fund and as required under any expense limitation applicable to the Fund.
(e) The Adviser voluntarily may reduce any portion of the compensation or reimbursement of expenses due to it pursuant to this Agreement and may agree to make payments to limit the expenses which are the responsibility of the Fund under this Agreement. Any such reduction or payment shall be applicable only to such specific reduction or payment and shall not constitute an agreement to reduce any future compensation or reimbursement due to the Adviser hereunder or to continue future payments. Any such reduction will be agreed to prior to accrual of the related expense or fee and will be estimated daily and reconciled and paid on a monthly basis.
(f) Any such reductions made by the Adviser in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Funds obligation are subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Adviser, if so requested by the Adviser, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. Under the expense limitation agreement, the Adviser may recoup reimbursements made in any fiscal year of the Fund over the following three fiscal years. Any such reimbursement is also contingent upon Board of Trustees review and approval at the time the reimbursement is made. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Funds payment of current ordinary operating expenses.
(g) The Adviser may agree not to require payment of any portion of the compensation or reimbursement of expenses otherwise due to it pursuant to this Agreement. Any such agreement shall be applicable only with respect to the specific items covered thereby and shall not constitute an agreement not to require payment of any future compensation or reimbursement due to the Adviser hereunder.
8. NO SHORTING; NO BORROWING. The Adviser agrees that neither it nor any of its officers or employees shall take any short position in the shares of the Fund. This prohibition shall not prevent the purchase of such shares by any of the officers or employees of the Adviser or any trust, pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for such persons or affiliates thereof, at a price not less than the net asset value thereof at the time of purchase, as allowed pursuant to rules promulgated under the Investment Company Act. The Adviser agrees that neither it nor any of its officers or employees shall borrow from the Fund or pledge or use the Funds assets in connection with any borrowing not directly for the Funds benefit. For this purpose, failure to pay any amount due and payable to the Fund for a period of more than thirty (30) days shall constitute a borrowing.
9. CONFLICTS WITH FUNDS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAWS. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to require the Fund to take any action contrary to the Funds Declaration of Trust, By-Laws, or any applicable statute or regulation, or to relieve or deprive the Board of Trustees of its responsibility for and control of the conduct of the affairs of the Fund. In this connection, the Adviser acknowledges that the Trustees retain ultimate plenary authority over the Fund and may take any and all actions necessary and reasonable to protect the interests of shareholders.
6
10. REPORTS AND ACCESS. The Adviser agrees to supply such information to the Funds administrator and to permit such compliance inspections by the Funds administrator as shall be reasonably necessary to permit the administrator to satisfy its obligations and respond to the reasonable requests of the Board of Trustees.
11. ADVISERS LIABILITIES AND INDEMNIFICATION
(a) The Adviser shall have responsibility for the accuracy and completeness (and liability for the lack thereof) of the statements in the Funds offering materials (including the prospectus, the statement of additional information, advertising and sales materials), except for information supplied by the administrator or the Fund or another third party for inclusion therein.
(b) The Adviser shall be liable to the Fund for any loss (including brokerage charges) incurred by the Fund as a result of any improper investment made by the Adviser in contradiction of the Investment Policies.
(c) In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Adviser, the Adviser shall not be subject to liability to the Fund or to any shareholder of the Fund for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security by the Fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, federal securities laws and certain state laws impose liabilities under certain circumstances on persons who have acted in good faith, and therefore nothing herein shall in any way constitute a waiver or limitation of any rights which the Fund or any shareholder of the Fund may have under any federal securities law or state law.
(d) Each party to this Agreement shall indemnify and hold harmless the other party and the shareholders, directors, officers and employees of the other party (any such person, an Indemnified Party) against any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense (including the reasonable cost of investigating and defending any alleged loss, liability, claim, damage or expenses and reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) arising out of the Indemnified Partys performance or non-performance of any duties under this Agreement provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect any Indemnified Party against any liability to which such Indemnified Party would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of duties hereunder or by reason of reckless disregard of obligations and duties under this Agreement.
(e) No provision of this Agreement shall be construed to protect any Trustee or officer of the Fund, or officer of the Adviser, from liability in violation of Sections 17(h) and (i) of the Investment Company Act.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY; TRADING FOR ADVISERS OWN ACCOUNT. The Funds employment of the Adviser is not an exclusive arrangement. The Fund may from time to time employ other individuals or entities to furnish it with the services provided for herein. Likewise, the Adviser may act as investment adviser for any other person, and shall not in any way be limited
7
or restricted from buying, selling or trading any securities for its or their own accounts or the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting, provided, however, that the Adviser expressly represents that it will undertake no activities which will adversely affect the performance of its obligations to the Fund under this Agreement; and provided further that the Adviser will adhere to a code of ethics governing employee trading and trading for proprietary accounts that conforms to the requirements of the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act and has been approved by the Board of Trustees.
13 TERM
This Agreement shall become effective at the time the Fund commences operations pursuant to an effective amendment to the Funds Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and shall remain in effect for a period of two (2) years, unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided. This Agreement shall continue in effect thereafter for additional periods not exceeding one year so long as such continuation is approved at least annually by: (i) the Board of Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement nor interested persons thereof, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The terms majority of the outstanding voting securities and interested persons shall have the meanings as set forth in the Investment Company Act.
14. RIGHT TO USE NAME
The Adviser warrants that the Funds name is not deceptive or misleading and that the Adviser has rights to any distinctive names used by the Fund. The Fund acknowledges that its use of any distinctive name is derivative of its relationship with the Adviser. The Fund may use the name connected with the Adviser or any name derived from or using the name of the Adviser only for so long as this Agreement or any extension, renewal or amendment hereof remains in effect. Within 60 days from such time as this Agreement shall no longer be in effect, the Fund shall cease to use such name or any other name connected with the Adviser.
15. TERMINATION; NO ASSIGNMENT
(a) This Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time without payment of any penalty, by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, upon 60 days written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days written notice to the Fund. In the event of a termination, the Adviser shall cooperate in the orderly transfer of the Funds affairs and, at the request of the Board of Trustees, transfer any and all books and records of the Fund maintained by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund.
(b) This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of any transfer or assignment thereof, as defined in the Investment Company Act.
16. NONPUBLIC PERSONAL INFORMATION. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the Adviser agrees on behalf of itself and its managers, members, officers, and employees: (1) to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund (a) all records and other information relative to the Funds prior, present, or potential shareholders (and clients of said shareholders) and (b) any Nonpublic Personal Information, as defined under Section
8
248.3(t) of Regulation S-P (Regulation S-P), promulgated under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the G-L-B Act); and (2) except after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, not to use such records and information for any purpose other than the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, or as otherwise permitted by Regulation S-P or the G-L-B Act, and if in compliance therewith, the privacy policies adopted by the Fund and communicated in writing to the Adviser. Such written approval shall not be unreasonably withheld by the Fund and may not be withheld where the Adviser may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt or other proceedings for failure to comply after being requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities.
17. ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE. The Adviser acknowledges that, in compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended, the USA PATRIOT Act, and any implementing regulations thereunder (together, AML Laws), the Fund has adopted an Anti-Money Laundering Policy. The Adviser agrees to comply with the Funds Anti-Money Laundering Policy and the AML Laws, as the same may apply to the Adviser, now and in the future. The Adviser further agrees to provide to the Fund and/or the Funds administrator such reports, certifications and contractual assurances as may be reasonably requested by the Fund. The Fund may disclose information regarding the Adviser to governmental and/or regulatory or self-regulatory authorities to the extent required by applicable law or regulation and may file reports with such authorities as may be required by applicable law or regulation.
18. CERTIFICATIONS; DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. The Adviser acknowledges that, in compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) and the implementing regulations promulgated there under, the Fund is required to make certain certifications and has adopted disclosure controls and procedures. To the extent reasonably requested by the Fund, the Adviser agrees to use its best efforts to assist the Fund in complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and implementing the Funds disclosure controls and procedures. The Adviser agrees to inform the Fund of any material development related to the Fund that the Adviser reasonably believes is relevant to the Funds certification obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
19. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute or rule, or shall be otherwise rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.
21. CAPTIONS. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
22. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any federal law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
9
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their duly authorized officers, all on the day and year first above written.
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST |
|
By: | /s/ Dory S. Black | |||
Name: Dory S. Black | ||||
Title: President |
ANGEL OAK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC
|
By: | /s/ Sreeniwas V. Prabhu | |
Name: Sreeniwas V. Prabhu | ||
Title: Managing Partner
|
10
CUSTODY AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into by and between ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST, a Delaware statutory trust (the Fund), and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION , a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America with its principal place of business at Minneapolis, Minnesota (the Custodian).
WHEREAS, the Fund will be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as a closed-end management investment company; and
WHEREAS, the Custodian is a bank having the qualifications prescribed in Section 26(a)(1) of the 1940 Act; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Trustees (as defined below) intends to delegate to the Custodian the responsibilities set forth in Rule 17f-5(c) under the 1940 Act and the Custodian is willing to undertake the responsibilities and serve as the foreign custody manager for the Fund; and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain the Custodian to act as custodian of its cash and securities; and
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Whenever used in this Agreement, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings set forth below unless the context otherwise requires:
1.01 Authorized Person means any Officer or person (including an investment advisor or other agent) who has been designated by written notice as such from the Fund or the Funds investment advisor or other agent and is named in Exhibit A attached hereto. Such officer or person shall continue to be an Authorized Person until such time as the Custodian receives Written Instructions from the Fund or the Funds investment advisor or other agent that any such person is no longer an Authorized Person.
1.02 Board of Trustees shall mean the trustees from time to time serving under the Funds Declaration of Trust and Bylaws, as amended from time to time.
1.03 Book-Entry System shall mean a federal book-entry system as provided in Subpart O of Treasury Circular No. 300, 31 CFR 306, in Subpart B of 31 CFR Part 350, or in such book-entry regulations of federal agencies as are substantially in the form of such Subpart O.
1
1.04 Business Day shall mean any day recognized as a settlement day by The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., and any other day for which the Fund computes the net asset value of Shares of the Fund.
1.05 Eligible Foreign Custodian has the meaning set forth in Rule 17f-5(a)(1) under the 1940 Act, including a majority-owned or indirect subsidiary of a U.S. Bank (as defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act), a bank holding company meeting the requirements of an Eligible Foreign Custodian (as set forth in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act or by other appropriate action of the SEC), or a foreign branch of a Bank (as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act) meeting the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act; the term does not include any Eligible Securities Depository.
1.06 Eligible Securities Depository shall mean a system for the central handling of securities as that term is defined in Rule 17f-4 and 17f-7 under the 1940 Act.
1.07 Foreign Securities means any of the Funds investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States and such cash and cash equivalents as are reasonably necessary to effect the Funds transactions in such investments.
1.08 Fund Custody Account shall mean any of the accounts in the name of the Fund, which is provided for in Section 3.02 below.
1.09 IRS shall mean the Internal Revenue Service.
1.10 FINRA shall mean the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. .
1.11 Officer shall mean the Chairman, President, any Vice President, any Assistant Vice President, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer, or any Assistant Treasurer of the Fund.
1.12 Proper Instructions shall mean Written Instructions.
1.13 SEC shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
1.14 Securities shall include, without limitation, common and preferred stocks, bonds, call options, put options, debentures, notes, bank certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, mortgage-backed securities or other obligations, and any certificates, receipts, warrants or other instruments or documents representing rights to receive, purchase or subscribe for the same, or evidencing or representing any other rights or interests therein, or any similar property or assets that the Custodian or its agents have the facilities to clear and service.
1.15 Securities Depository shall mean The Depository Trust Company and any other clearing agency registered with the SEC under Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act), which acts as a system for the central handling of Securities where all Securities of any particular class or series of an issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of the Securities.
2
1.16 Shares shall mean, with respect to the Fund, the shares of beneficial interest issued by the Fund on account of the Fund.
1.17 Sub-Custodian shall mean and include (i) any branch of a U.S. bank, as that term is defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act, and (ii) any Eligible Foreign Custodian, as that term is defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act, having a contract with the Custodian which the Custodian has determined will provide reasonable care of assets of the Fund based on the standards specified in Section 3.03 below. Such contract shall be in writing and shall include provisions that provide: (i) for indemnification or insurance arrangements (or any combination of the foregoing) such that the Fund will be adequately protected against the risk of loss of assets held in accordance with such contract; (ii) that the Foreign Securities will not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of the Sub-Custodian or its creditors except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration, in the case of cash deposits, liens or rights in favor of creditors of the Sub-Custodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar laws; (iii) that beneficial ownership for the Foreign Securities will be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration; (iv) that adequate records will be maintained identifying the assets as belonging to the Fund or as being held by a third party for the benefit of the Fund; (v) that the Funds independent public accountants will be given access to those records or confirmation of the contents of those records; and (vi) that the Fund will receive periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of the Funds assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from the Funds account or a third party account containing assets held for the benefit of the Fund. Such contract may contain, in lieu of any or all of the provisions specified in (i)-(vi) above, such other provisions that the Custodian determines will provide, in their entirety, the same or a greater level of care and protection for Fund assets as the specified provisions.
1.18 Written Instructions shall mean (i) written communications received by the Custodian and signed by an Authorized Person (ii) communications by facsimile or e-mail or any other such system from one or more persons reasonably believed by the Custodian to be an Authorized Person, or (iii) communications between electronic devices.
ARTICLE II.
APPOINTMENT OF CUSTODIAN
2.01 Appointment . The Fund hereby appoints the Custodian as custodian of all Securities and cash owned by or in the possession of the Fund at any time during the period of this Agreement, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and the Custodian hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the services and duties set forth in this Agreement. The Fund hereby delegates to the Custodian, subject to Rule 17f-5(b) under the 1940 Act, the responsibilities with respect to the Funds Foreign Securities, and the Custodian hereby accepts such delegation as foreign custody manager with respect to the Fund. The services and duties of the Custodian shall be confined to those matters expressly set forth herein, and no implied duties are assumed by or may be asserted against the Custodian hereunder.
3
2.02 Documents to be Furnished . The following documents, including any amendments thereto, will be provided contemporaneously with the execution of the Agreement to the Custodian by the Fund:
(a) |
A copy of the Funds Declaration of Trust, certified by the Secretary; |
(b) |
A copy of the Funds Bylaws, certified by the Secretary or other Authorized Person; |
(c) |
A copy of the resolution of the sole initial trustee of the Fund appointing the Custodian, certified by the Secretary or other Authorized Person; |
(d) |
A copy of the current prospectus of the Fund (the Prospectus); |
(e) |
A certification of the Chairman or the President and the Secretary or other Authorized Person of the Fund setting forth the names and signatures of the current Officers of the Fund and other Authorized Persons; and |
(f) |
An executed authorization required by the Shareholder Communications Act of 1985, attached hereto as Exhibit C . |
2.03 Notice of Appointment of Transfer Agent . The Fund agrees to notify the Custodian in writing of the appointment, termination or change in appointment of any transfer agent of the Fund, except that if the Fund appoints an affiliate of the Custodian to serve as transfer agent of the Fund, the Custodian hereby waives the Funds obligation to provide such written notice.
ARTICLE III.
CUSTODY OF CASH AND SECURITIES
3.01 Segregation . All Securities and non-cash property held by the Custodian for the account of the Fund (other than Securities maintained in a Securities Depository, Eligible Securities Depository or Book-Entry System) shall be physically segregated from other Securities and non-cash property in the possession of the Custodian (including the Securities and non-cash property of the other series of the Fund, if applicable) and shall be identified as subject to this Agreement.
3.02 Fund Custody Accounts . The Custodian shall open and maintain in its trust department a custody account in the name of the Fund coupled with the name of the Fund, subject only to draft or order of the Custodian, in which the Custodian shall enter and carry all Securities, cash and other assets of the Fund which are delivered to it.
3.03 Appointment of Agents .
(a) |
In its discretion, the Custodian may appoint one or more Sub-Custodians to establish and maintain arrangements with (i) Eligible Securities Depositories or (ii) Eligible Foreign Custodians that are members of the Sub-Custodians network to hold Securities and cash of the Fund and to carry out such other provisions of this Agreement as it may determine; provided, however, that the appointment of any such agents and maintenance of any |
4
Securities and cash of the Fund shall be at the Custodians expense and shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its obligations or liabilities under this Agreement. The Custodian shall be liable for the actions of any Sub-Custodians (regardless of whether assets are maintained in the custody of a Sub-Custodian, a member of its network or an Eligible Securities Depository) appointed by it as if such actions had been done by the Custodian. |
(b) |
If, after the initial appointment of Sub-Custodians by the Board of Trustees in connection with this Agreement, the Custodian wishes to appoint other Sub-Custodians to hold property of the Fund, it will so notify the Fund and make the necessary determinations as to any such new Sub-Custodians eligibility under Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act. |
(c) |
In performing its delegated responsibilities as foreign custody manager to place or maintain the Funds assets with a Sub-Custodian, the Custodian will determine that the Funds assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the country in which the Funds assets will be held by that Sub-Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1) under the 1940 Act. |
(d) |
The agreement between the Custodian and each Sub-Custodian acting hereunder shall contain the required provisions set forth in Rule 17f-5(c)(2) under the 1940 Act. |
(e) |
At the end of each calendar quarter, the Custodian shall provide written reports notifying the Board of Trustees of the withdrawal or placement of the Securities and cash of the Fund with a Sub-Custodian and of any material changes in the Funds arrangements. Such reports shall include an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with any Eligible Securities Depositories. The Custodian shall promptly take such steps as may be required to withdraw assets of the Fund from any Sub-Custodian arrangement that has ceased to meet the requirements of Rule 17f-5 or Rule 17f-7 under the 1940 Act, as applicable, and shall notify the Board of Trustees as promptly as practicable under the circumstances of such action. |
(f) |
With respect to its responsibilities under this Agreement, including, without limitation, this Section 3.03, the Custodian hereby warrants to the Fund that it agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of property of the Fund. The Custodian further warrants that the Funds assets will be subject to reasonable care if maintained with a Sub-Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation: (i) the Sub-Custodians practices, procedures, and internal controls for certificated securities (if applicable), its method of keeping custodial records, and its security and data protection practices; (ii) whether the Sub-Custodian has the requisite financial strength to provide reasonable care for Fund assets; (iii) the Sub-Custodians general reputation and standing and, in the case of a Securities Depository, the Securities Depositorys operating history and number of participants; and (iv) whether the Fund will have jurisdiction over and be able to enforce judgments against the Sub-Custodian, such as by virtue of the existence of any offices of the Sub-Custodian in the United States or the Sub-Custodians consent to service of process in the United States. |
5
(g) |
The Custodian shall establish a system or ensure that its Sub-Custodian has established a system to monitor on a continuing basis (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Funds assets with a Sub-Custodian or Eligible Foreign Custodians who are members of a Sub-Custodians network; (ii) the performance of the contract governing the Funds arrangements with such Sub-Custodian or Eligible Foreign Custodians members of a Sub-Custodians network; and (iii) the custody risks of maintaining assets with an Eligible Securities Depository. The Custodian must promptly notify the Fund or its investment adviser of any material change in these risks. |
(h) |
The Custodian shall use commercially reasonable efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to Foreign Securities to which the Fund shall be entitled and shall credit such income, as collected, to the Fund. In the event that extraordinary measures are required to collect such income, the Fund and Custodian shall consult as to the measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures. |
3.04 Delivery of Assets to Custodian . The Fund shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Custodian all of the Funds Securities, cash and other investment assets, including (i) all payments of income, payments of principal and capital distributions received by the Fund with respect to such Securities, cash or other assets owned by the Fund at any time during the period of this Agreement, and (ii) all cash received by the Fund for the issuance of Shares. The Custodian shall not be responsible for such Securities, cash or other assets until actually received by it.
3.05 Securities Depositories and Book-Entry Systems . The Custodian may deposit and/or maintain Securities of the Fund in a Securities Depository or in a Book-Entry System, subject to the following provisions:
(a) |
The Custodian, on an on-going basis, shall deposit in a Securities Depository or Book-Entry System all Securities eligible for deposit therein and shall make use of such Securities Depository or Book-Entry System to the extent possible and practical in connection with its performance hereunder, including, without limitation, in connection with settlements of purchases and sales of Securities, loans of Securities, and deliveries and returns of collateral consisting of Securities. |
(b) |
Securities of the Fund kept in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository shall be kept in an account (Depository Account) of the Custodian in such Book-Entry System or Securities Depository which includes only assets held by the Custodian as a fiduciary, custodian or otherwise for customers. |
(c) |
The records of the Custodian with respect to Securities of the Fund maintained in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository shall, by book-entry, identify such Securities as belonging to the Fund. |
(d) |
If Securities purchased by the Fund are to be held in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, the Custodian shall pay for such Securities upon: (i) receipt of advice from the Book-Entry System or Securities Depository that such Securities have been transferred to the Depository Account; and (ii) the making of an entry on the books and |
6
records of the Custodian to reflect such payment and transfer for the account of the Fund. If Securities sold by the Fund are held in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, the Custodian shall transfer such Securities upon (i) receipt of advice from the Book-Entry System or Securities Depository that payment for such Securities has been transferred to the Depository Account; and (ii) the making of an entry on the books and records of the Custodian to reflect such transfer and payment for the account of the Fund. |
(e) |
The Custodian shall provide the Fund with copies of any report (obtained by the Custodian from a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository in which Securities of the Fund are kept) on the internal accounting controls and procedures for safeguarding Securities deposited in such Book-Entry System or Securities Depository. |
(f) |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Custodian shall be liable to the Fund for any loss or damage to the Fund resulting from: (i) the use of a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository by reason of any negligence, fraud or willful misconduct on the part of the Custodian or any Sub-Custodian; or (ii) failure of the Custodian or any Sub-Custodian to enforce effectively such rights as it may have against a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository. At its election, the Fund shall be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claim against a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository or any other person from any loss or damage to the Fund arising from the use of such Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, if and to the extent that the Fund has not been made whole for any such loss or damage. |
(g) |
With respect to its responsibilities under this Section 3.05 and pursuant to Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act, the Custodian hereby warrants to the Fund that it agrees to (i) exercise due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards in discharging its duty as a securities intermediary to obtain and thereafter maintain such assets, (ii) provide, promptly upon request by the Fund, such reports as are available concerning the Custodians internal accounting controls and financial strength, and (iii) require any Sub-Custodian to exercise due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards in discharging its duty as a securities intermediary to obtain and thereafter maintain assets corresponding to the security entitlements of its entitlement holders. |
3.06 Disbursement of Moneys from Fund Custody Account . Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall disburse moneys from the Fund Custody Account, but only in the following cases:
(a) |
For the purchase of Securities for the Fund but only in accordance with Section 4.01 of this Agreement and only (i) in the case of Securities (other than options on Securities, futures contracts and options on futures contracts), against the delivery to the Custodian (or any Sub-Custodian) of such Securities registered as provided in Section 3.09 below or in proper form for transfer, or if the purchase of such Securities is effected through a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 3.05 above; (ii) in the case of options on Securities, against delivery to the Custodian (or any Sub-Custodian) of such receipts as are required by the customs prevailing among dealers in such options; (iii) in the case of futures contracts and options on futures contracts, against delivery to the Custodian (or any Sub-Custodian) of evidence |
7
of title thereto in favor of the Fund or any nominee referred to in Section 3.09 below; and (iv) in the case of repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements entered into between the Fund and a bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System or between the Fund and a primary dealer in U.S. Government securities, against delivery of the purchased Securities either in certificate form or through an entry crediting the Custodians account at a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository with such Securities; |
(b) |
In connection with the conversion, exchange or surrender, as set forth in Section 3.07(f) below, of Securities owned by the Fund; |
(c) |
For the payment of any dividends or capital gain distributions declared by the Fund; |
(d) |
In payment of the repurchase price of Shares as provided in Section 5.01 below; |
(e) |
For the payment of any expense or liability incurred by the Fund, including, but not limited to, the following payments for the account of the Fund: interest; taxes; administration, investment advisory, accounting, auditing, transfer agent, custodian, trustee and legal fees; and other operating expenses of the Fund; in all cases, whether or not such expenses are to be in whole or in part capitalized or treated as deferred expenses; |
(f) |
For transfer in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA, relating to compliance with rules of the Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange (or of any similar organization or organizations) regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund; |
(g) |
For transfer in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund, the Custodian and a futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act, relating to compliance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and/or any contract market (or any similar organization or organizations) regarding account deposits in connection with transactions by the Fund; |
(h) |
For the funding of any uncertificated time deposit or other interest-bearing account with any banking institution (including the Custodian), which deposit or account has a term of one year or less; and |
(i) |
For any other proper purpose, but only upon receipt, in addition to Proper Instructions, specifying the amount and purpose of such payment, declaring such purpose to be a proper corporate purpose, and naming the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made. |
3.07 Delivery of Securities from Fund Custody Account . Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall release and deliver, or cause the Sub-Custodian to release and deliver, Securities from the Fund Custody Account but only in the following cases:
(a) |
Upon the sale of Securities for the account of the Fund but only against receipt of payment therefor in cash, by certified or cashiers check or bank credit; |
8
(b) |
In the case of a sale effected through a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.05 above; |
(c) |
To an offerors depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for Securities of the Fund; provided that, in any such case, the cash or other consideration is to be delivered to the Custodian; |
(d) |
To the issuer thereof or its agent (i) for transfer into the name of the Fund, the Custodian or any Sub-Custodian, or any nominee or nominees of any of the foregoing, or (ii) for exchange for a different number of certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units; provided that, in any such case, the new Securities are to be delivered to the Custodian; |
(e) |
To the broker selling the Securities, for examination in accordance with the street delivery custom; |
(f) |
For exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the issuer of such Securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such Securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement, including surrender or receipt of underlying Securities in connection with the issuance or cancellation of depository receipts; provided that, in any such case, the new Securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian; |
(g) |
Upon receipt of payment therefor pursuant to any repurchase or reverse repurchase agreement entered into by the Fund; |
(h) |
In the case of warrants, rights or similar Securities, upon the exercise thereof, provided that, in any such case, the new Securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian; |
(i) |
For delivery in connection with any loans of Securities of the Fund, but only against receipt of such collateral as the Fund shall have specified to the Custodian in Proper Instructions; |
(j) |
For delivery as security in connection with any borrowings by the Fund requiring a pledge of assets by the Fund, but only against receipt by the Custodian of the amounts borrowed; |
(k) |
Pursuant to any authorized plan of liquidation, reorganization, merger, consolidation or recapitalization of the Fund; |
(l) |
For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA, relating to compliance with the rules of the Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange (or of any similar organization or organizations) regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund; |
(m) |
For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund, the Custodian and a futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange |
9
Act, relating to compliance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and/or any contract market (or any similar organization or organizations) regarding account deposits in connection with transactions by the Fund; |
(n) |
For any other proper corporate purpose, but only upon receipt, in addition to Proper Instructions, specifying the Securities to be delivered, specifying the amount and purpose of such payment, declaring such purpose to be a proper corporate purpose, and naming the person or persons to whom delivery of such Securities shall be made; or |
(o) |
To brokers, clearing banks or other clearing agents for examination or trade execution in accordance with market custom; provided that in any such case the Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such securities prior to receiving payment for such securities except as may arise from the Custodians own negligence, fraud or willful misconduct. |
3.08 Actions Not Requiring Proper Instructions . Unless otherwise instructed by the Fund, the Custodian shall with respect to all Securities held for the Fund:
(a) |
Subject to Section 9.04 below, collect on a timely basis all income and other payments to which the Fund is entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business; |
(b) |
Present for payment and, subject to Section 9.04 below, collect on a timely basis the amount payable upon all Securities that may mature or be called, redeemed, or retired, or otherwise become payable; |
(c) |
Endorse for collection, in the name of the Fund, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; |
(d) |
Surrender interim receipts or Securities in temporary form for Securities in definitive form; |
(e) |
Execute, as custodian, any necessary declarations or certificates of ownership under the federal income tax laws or the laws or regulations of any other taxing authority now or hereafter in effect, and prepare and submit reports to the IRS and the Fund at such time, in such manner and containing such information as is prescribed by the IRS; |
(f) |
Hold for the Fund, either directly or, with respect to Securities held therein, through a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, all rights and similar Securities issued with respect to Securities of the Fund; and |
(g) |
In general, and except as otherwise directed in Proper Instructions, attend to all non-discretionary details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with Securities and other assets of the Fund. |
3.09 Registration and Transfer of Securities . All Securities held for the Fund that are issued or issuable only in bearer form shall be held by the Custodian in that form, provided that any such Securities shall be held in a Book-Entry System if eligible therefor. All other Securities held for the Fund may be registered in the name of the Fund, the Custodian, a Sub-Custodian or
10
any nominee thereof, or in the name of a Book-Entry System, Securities Depository or any nominee of either thereof. The records of the Custodian with respect to the Funds Foreign Securities that are maintained with a Sub-Custodian in an account that is identified as belonging to the Custodian for the benefit of its customers shall identify those securities as belonging to the Fund. The Fund shall furnish to the Custodian appropriate instruments to enable the Custodian to hold or deliver in proper form for transfer, or to register in the name of any of the nominees referred to above or in the name of a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository, any Securities registered in the name of the Fund.
3.10 Records .
(a) |
The Custodian shall maintain complete and accurate records with respect to Securities, cash or other property held for the Fund, including (i) journals or other records of original entry containing an itemized daily record in detail of all receipts and deliveries of Securities and all receipts and disbursements of cash; (ii) ledgers (or other records) reflecting (A) Securities in transfer, (B) Securities in physical possession, (C) monies and Securities borrowed and monies and Securities loaned (together with a record of the collateral therefor and substitutions of such collateral), (D) dividends and interest received, and (E) dividends receivable and interest receivable; (iii) canceled checks and bank records related thereto; and (iv) all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement. The Custodian shall keep such other books and records of the Fund as the Fund shall reasonably request, or as may be required by the 1940 Act, including, but not limited to, Section 31 of the 1940 Act and Rule 31a-2 promulgated thereunder. |
(b) |
All such books and records maintained by the Custodian shall (i) be maintained in a form acceptable to the Fund and in compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, (ii) be the property of the Fund and at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be made available upon request for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of the Fund and employees or agents of the SEC, and (iii) if required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, be preserved for the periods prescribed in Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 under the 1940 Act. |
3.11 Fund Reports by Custodian . The Custodian shall furnish the Fund with a daily activity statement and a summary of all transfers to or from each Fund Custody Account on the day following such transfers. At least monthly, the Custodian shall furnish the Fund with a detailed statement of the Securities and moneys held by the Custodian and the Sub-Custodians for the Fund under this Agreement.
3.12 Other Reports by Custodian . As the Fund may reasonably request from time to time, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with reports on the internal accounting controls and procedures for safeguarding Securities which are employed by the Custodian or any Sub-Custodian.
3.13 Proxies and Other Materials . The Custodian shall cause all proxies relating to Securities that are not registered in the name of the Fund to be promptly executed by the registered holder of such Securities, without indication of the manner in which such proxies are
11
to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to such Securities. With respect to the foreign Securities, the Custodian will use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder rights, subject to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where such securities are issued. The Fund acknowledges that local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of the Fund to exercise shareholder rights.
3.14 Information on Corporate Actions . The Custodian shall promptly deliver to the Fund all information received by the Custodian and pertaining to Securities being held by the Fund with respect to optional tender or exchange offers, calls for redemption or purchase, expiration of rights or other similar transactions (collectively, Corporate Events). If the Fund desires to take action with respect to any Corporate Event, the Fund shall notify the Custodian at least three Business Days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take such action (the Notification Deadline); provided, however, that if the Fund notifies the Custodian in connection with Corporate Events on or after the Notification Deadline, the Custodian shall use reasonable efforts to take any such action or exercise any such rights in respect of Corporate Events on or after the Notification Deadline. The Fund will provide or cause to be provided to the Custodian all relevant information for any Security which has unique put/option provisions at least three Business Days prior to the beginning date of the tender period.
ARTICLE IV.
PURCHASE AND SALE OF INVESTMENTS OF THE FUND
4.01 Purchase of Securities . Promptly upon each purchase of Securities for the Fund, Written Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian, specifying (i) the name of the issuer or writer of such Securities, and the title or other description thereof, (ii) the number of shares, principal amount (and accrued interest, if any) or other units purchased, (iii) the date of purchase and settlement, (iv) the purchase price per unit, (v) the total amount payable upon such purchase, and (vi) the name of the person to whom such amount is payable. The Custodian shall upon receipt of such Securities purchased by the Fund pay out of the moneys held for the account of the Fund the total amount specified in such Written Instructions to the person named therein. The Custodian shall not be under any obligation to pay out moneys to cover the cost of a purchase of Securities for the Fund, if in the Fund Custody Account there is insufficient cash available to the Fund for which such purchase was made.
4.02 Liability for Payment in Advance of Receipt of Securities Purchased . In any and every case where payment for the purchase of Securities for the Fund is made by the Custodian in advance of receipt of the Securities purchased and in the absence of specified Written Instructions to so pay in advance, the Custodian shall be liable to the Fund for such payment.
4.03 Sale of Securities . Promptly upon each sale of Securities by the Fund, Written Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian, specifying: (i) the name of the issuer or writer of such Securities, and the title or other description thereof; (ii) the number of shares, principal amount (and accrued interest, if any), or other units sold; (iii) the date of sale and settlement, (iv) the sale price per unit; (v) the total amount payable upon such sale; and (vi) the person to whom
12
such Securities are to be delivered. Upon receipt of the total amount payable to the Fund as specified in such Written Instructions, the Custodian shall deliver such Securities to the person specified in such Written Instructions. Subject to the foregoing, the Custodian may accept payment in such form as shall be satisfactory to it, and may deliver Securities and arrange for payment in accordance with the customs prevailing among dealers in Securities.
4.04 Delivery of Securities Sold . Notwithstanding Section 4.03 above or any other provision of this Agreement, the Custodian, when instructed to deliver Securities against payment, shall be entitled, if in accordance with generally accepted market practice, to deliver such Securities prior to actual receipt of final payment therefor. In any such case, the Fund shall bear the risk that final payment for such Securities may not be made or that such Securities may be returned or otherwise held or disposed of by or through the person to whom they were delivered, and the Custodian shall have no liability for any for the foregoing.
4.05 Payment for Securities Sold . In its sole discretion and from time to time, the Custodian may credit the Fund Custody Account, prior to actual receipt of final payment thereof, with: (i) proceeds from the sale of Securities which it has been instructed to deliver against payment; (ii) proceeds from the redemption of Securities or other assets of the Fund; and (iii) income from cash, Securities or other assets of the Fund. Any such credit shall be conditional upon actual receipt by Custodian of final payment and may be reversed if final payment is not actually received in full. The Custodian may, in its sole discretion and from time to time, permit the Fund to use funds so credited to the Fund Custody Account in anticipation of actual receipt of final payment. Any such funds shall be repayable immediately upon demand made by the Custodian at any time prior to the actual receipt of all final payments in anticipation of which funds were credited to the Fund Custody Account.
4.06 Advances by Custodian for Settlement . The Custodian may, in its sole discretion and from time to time, advance funds to the Fund to facilitate the settlement of the Funds transactions in the Fund Custody Account. Any such advance shall be repayable immediately upon demand made by Custodian.
ARTICLE V.
REPURCHASE OF FUND SHARES
5.01 Transfer of Funds . From such funds as may be available for the purpose in the relevant Fund Custody Account, and upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying that the funds are required to repurchase Shares of the Fund, the Custodian shall wire each amount specified in such Proper Instructions to or through such bank or broker-dealer as the Fund may designate.
5.02 No Duty Regarding Paying Banks . Once the Custodian has wired amounts to a bank or broker-dealer pursuant to Section 5.01 above, the Custodian shall not be under any obligation to effect any further payment or distribution by such bank or broker-dealer.
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ARTICLE VI.
SEGREGATED ACCOUNTS
Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of the Fund, into which account or accounts may be transferred cash and/or Securities, including Securities maintained in a Depository Account:
(a) |
in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA (or any futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act), relating to compliance with the rules of the Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange (or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or any registered contract market), or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund; |
(b) |
for purposes of segregating cash or Securities in connection with securities options purchased or written by the Fund or in connection with financial futures contracts (or options thereon) purchased or sold by the Fund; |
(c) |
which constitute collateral for loans of Securities made by the Fund; |
(d) |
for purposes of compliance by the Fund with requirements under the 1940 Act for the maintenance of segregated accounts by registered investment companies in connection with reverse repurchase agreements and when-issued, delayed delivery and firm commitment transactions; and |
(e) |
for other proper corporate purposes, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions, setting forth the purpose or purposes of such segregated account and declaring such purposes to be proper corporate purposes. |
Each segregated account established under this Article VI shall be established and maintained for the Fund only. All Proper Instructions relating to a segregated account shall specify the Fund.
ARTICLE VII.
COMPENSATION OF CUSTODIAN
7.01 Compensation . The Custodian shall be compensated for providing the services set forth in this Agreement in accordance with the fee schedule set forth on Exhibit B hereto (as amended from time to time). The Custodian shall also be reimbursed for such miscellaneous expenses as set forth on Exhibit B hereto and are reasonably incurred and documented by the Custodian in performing its duties hereunder. The Fund shall pay all such fees and reimbursable expenses within 30 calendar days following receipt of the billing notice, except for any fee or expense subject to a good faith dispute. The Fund shall notify the Custodian in writing within 30 calendar days following receipt of each invoice if the Fund is disputing any amounts in good faith. The Fund shall pay such disputed amounts within 10 calendar days of the day on which the parties agree to the amount to be paid. With the exception of any fee or expense the Fund is
14
disputing in good faith as set forth above, unpaid invoices shall accrue a finance change of 1 1 ⁄ 2 % per month after the due date. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, amounts owed by the Fund to the Custodian shall only be paid out of the assets and property of the particular Fund involved.
7.02 Overdrafts . The Fund is responsible for maintaining an appropriate level of short term cash investments to accommodate cash outflows. The Fund may obtain a formal line of credit for potential overdrafts of its custody account. In the event of an overdraft or in the event the line of credit is insufficient to cover an overdraft, the overdraft amount or the overdraft amount that exceeds the line of credit will be charged in accordance with the fee schedule set forth on Exhibit B hereto (as amended from time to time).
ARTICLE VIII.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
8.01 Representations and Warranties of the Fund . The Fund hereby represents and warrants to the Custodian, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that:
(a) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(b) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; and |
(c) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its charter, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. |
8.02 Representations and Warranties of the Custodian . The Custodian hereby represents and warrants to the Fund, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that:
(a) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(b) |
It is a U.S. Bank as defined in section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act. |
15
(c) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Custodian in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Custodian, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; and |
(d) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its charter, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. |
ARTICLE IX.
CONCERNING THE CUSTODIAN
9.01 Standard of Care . The Custodian shall exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. The Custodian shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with its duties under this Agreement, except a loss arising out of or relating to the Custodians (or a Sub-Custodians) refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement (or any sub-custody agreement), applicable law or from its (or a Sub-Custodians) bad faith, negligence, fraud or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement (or any sub-custody agreement). The Custodian shall be entitled to rely on and may act upon the written advice of external counsel on all matters relating to this Agreement, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice. The Custodian shall promptly notify the Fund of any action taken or omitted by the Custodian pursuant to advice of counsel.
9.02 Actual Collection Required . The Custodian shall not be liable for, or considered to be the custodian of, any cash belonging to the Fund or any money represented by a check, draft or other instrument for the payment of money, until the Custodian or its agents actually receive such cash or collect on such instrument.
9.03 No Responsibility for Title, etc. So long as and to the extent that it is in the exercise of reasonable care, the Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any property or evidence of title thereto received or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement.
9.04 Limitation on Duty to Collect . Custodian shall not be required to enforce collection, by legal means or otherwise, of any money or property due and payable with respect to Securities held for the Fund if such Securities are in default or payment is not made after due demand or presentation.
9.05 Reliance Upon Documents and Instructions . The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonably rely upon any certificate, notice or other instrument in writing received by it and reasonably believed by it to be genuine. The Custodian shall be entitled to rely upon any Written Instructions actually received by it pursuant to this Agreement.
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9.06 Cooperation .
(a) |
The Custodian shall cooperate with and supply necessary information to the entity or entities appointed by the Fund to keep the books of account of the Fund and/or compute the value of the assets of the Fund. The Custodian shall take all such reasonable actions as the Fund may from time to time request to enable the Fund to obtain, from year to year, favorable opinions from the Funds independent accountants with respect to the Custodians activities hereunder in connection with (i) the preparation of the Funds reports on Form N-SAR, Form N-CSR and any other reports required by the SEC or any future registration statement on Form N-2, and (ii) the fulfillment by the Fund of any other requirements of the SEC. |
(b) |
The Custodian shall perform its duties hereunder in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and provide any sub-certifications reasonably requested by the Fund in connection with any certification required of the Fund pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or any rules or regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder. |
(c) |
In order to assist the Fund in satisfying the requirements of Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act (the Rule), the Custodian will provide the Funds Chief Compliance Officer with reasonable access to the Custodians fund records relating to the services provided by it under this Agreement, and will provide quarterly compliance reports and related certifications regarding any Material Compliance Matter (as defined in the Rule) involving the Custodian that affect or could affect the Fund. |
ARTICLE X.
INDEMNIFICATION
10.01 Indemnification by Fund . The Fund shall indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian, any Sub-Custodian and any nominee thereof (each, an Indemnified Party and collectively, the Indemnified Parties) from and against any and all actual claims, demands, losses, reasonable expenses and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) that an Indemnified Party may actually sustain or incur or that may be asserted against an Indemnified Party by any person arising directly or indirectly (i) from the fact that Securities are registered in the name of any such nominee, (ii) from any action taken or omitted to be taken by the Custodian or such Sub-Custodian (a) at the request or direction of or in reasonable reliance on the advice of the Fund, or (b) upon Proper Instructions, or (iii) from the performance of its obligations under this Agreement or any sub-custody agreement, provided that neither the Custodian nor any such Sub-Custodian shall be indemnified and held harmless from and against any such claim, demand, loss, expense or liability arising out of or relating to its refusal or failure to comply or act in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (or any sub-custody agreement), or from its bad faith, negligence, fraud or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement (or any sub-custody agreement). The Custodian and Sub-Custodian shall act in good faith in a commercially reasonable manner to mitigate any losses, expenses or liabilities they may suffer. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of the Fund, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement provided that the Funds continuing obligations to indemnify Custodian after the termination of this
17
Agreement shall relate to solely those claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) sustained in connection with Custodians provision of services pursuant to this Agreement. As used in this paragraph, the terms Custodian and Sub-Custodian shall include their respective directors, officers and employees. The Custodian shall endeavor to provide the Fund such reasonable estimates, including reasonable estimates related to amounts incurred for services provided hereunder, in connection with claims for which Custodian seeks indemnity from the Fund.
10.02 Indemnification by Custodian . The Custodian shall indemnify and hold harmless the Fund from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) that the Fund may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against the Fund by any person arising directly or indirectly out of any action taken or omitted to be taken by an Indemnified Party as a result of the Indemnified Partys refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement (or any sub-custody agreement), or from its bad faith, negligence, fraud or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement (or any sub-custody agreement). This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of the Custodian, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. As used in this paragraph, the term Fund shall include the Funds trustees, officers and employees.
10.03 Security . If the Custodian advances cash or Securities to the Fund for any purpose, either at the Funds request or as otherwise contemplated in this Agreement, or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee incurs, in connection with its performance under this Agreement, any claim, demand, loss, expense or liability (including reasonable attorneys fees) (except such as may arise from its or its nominees bad faith, negligence, fraud or willful misconduct), then, in any such event, any property at any time held for the account of the Fund shall be security therefor, and should the Fund fail to promptly repay or indemnify the Custodian, the Custodian shall be entitled to utilize available cash of such Fund and to dispose of other assets of such Fund to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement or indemnification.
10.04 Miscellaneous.
(a) |
Neither party to this Agreement shall be liable to the other party for consequential, special or punitive damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
(b) |
The indemnity provisions of this Article shall indefinitely survive the termination and/or assignment of this Agreement. |
(c) |
In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this Article shall apply, it is understood that if in any case the indemnitor may be asked to indemnify or hold the indemnitee harmless, the indemnitor shall be fully and promptly advised of all pertinent facts concerning the situation in question, and it is further understood that the indemnitee will use all reasonable care to notify the indemnitor promptly concerning any situation that presents or appears likely to present the probability of a claim for indemnification. The indemnitor shall have the option to defend the indemnitee against any claim that may be the subject of this indemnification. In the event that the indemnitor so elects, it will so notify the indemnitee and thereupon the indemnitor shall take over complete defense of |
18
the claim, and the indemnitee shall in such situation initiate no further legal or other expenses for which it shall seek indemnification under this Article X. The indemnitee shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnitor will be asked to indemnify the indemnitee except with the indemnitors prior written consent. |
(d) |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, any amounts owed or liabilities incurred by the Fund shall be satisfied solely from the assets of the Fund and not any other entity or person. |
ARTICLE XI.
FORCE MAJEURE
Neither the Custodian nor the Fund shall be liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fires; floods; wars; civil or military disturbances; acts of terrorism; sabotage; strikes; epidemics; riots; power failures; computer failure and any such circumstances beyond its reasonable control as may cause interruption, loss or malfunction of utility, transportation, computer (hardware or software) or telephone communication service; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority; governmental actions; or inability to obtain labor, material, equipment or transportation; provided, however, that in the event of a failure or delay, the Custodian: (i) shall not discriminate against the Fund in favor of any other customer of the Custodian in making computer time and personnel available to input or process the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (ii) shall use its best efforts to ameliorate the effects of any such failure or delay.
ARTICLE XII.
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
12.01 The Custodian agrees on behalf of itself and its directors, officers, and employees to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund, all records and other information relative to the Fund and prior, present, or potential shareholders of the Fund (and clients of said shareholders), and not to use such records and information for any purpose other than the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except: (i) after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where the Custodian may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply; (ii) when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, although the Custodian will promptly report such disclosure to the Fund if disclosure is permitted by applicable law and regulation; or (iii) when so requested by the Fund. Records and other information which have become known to the public through no wrongful act of the Custodian or any of its employees, agents or representatives, and information that was already in the possession of the Custodian prior to receipt thereof from the Fund or its agent, shall not be subject to this paragraph.
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12.02 Further, the Custodian will adhere to the privacy policies adopted by the Fund pursuant to Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, as may be modified from time to time. In this regard, the Custodian shall have in place and maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards reasonably designed to protect the security, confidentiality and integrity of, and to prevent unauthorized access to or use of, records and information relating to the Fund and its shareholders.
ARTICLE XIII.
EFFECTIVE PERIOD; TERMINATION
13.01 Effective Period . This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above and will continue in effect for a period of three (3) years.
13.02 Termination . This Agreement may be terminated by either party upon giving 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Subsequent to the end of the three (3) year period, this Agreement continues until one party gives 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter notice period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by either party upon the breach of the other party of any material term of this Agreement if such breach is not cured within 15 days of notice of such breach to the breaching party specifying in reasonable detail the nature of such breach. In addition, the Fund may, at any time, immediately terminate this Agreement in the event of (i) the liquidation, dissolution or merger of the Fund, or (ii) the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the Custodian or its affiliates by regulatory authorities or upon the happening of any like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction.
13.03 Early Termination . In the absence of any material breach of this agreement, should the Fund elect to terminate this agreement prior to the end of the three (3) year term, the Fund agrees to pay the following fees:
a) |
All monthly fees through the life of the Agreement including the repayment of any negotiated discounts; |
b) |
All miscellaneous fees associated with converting services to successor service provider; |
c) |
All fees associated with any record retention and/or tax reporting obligations that may not be eliminated due to the conversion to a successor service provider, as agreed upon by both parties; |
d) |
All miscellaneous costs associated with a) thru c) above. |
13.04 Appointment of Successor Custodian . If a successor custodian shall have been appointed by the Board of Trustees, the Custodian shall, upon receipt of a notice from the Fund, on such specified date of termination (i) deliver directly to the successor custodian all Securities (other than Securities held in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository) and cash then owned by the Fund and held by the Custodian as custodian, and (ii) transfer any Securities held in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository to an account of or for the benefit of the Fund at the successor custodian, provided that the Fund shall have paid to the Custodian all fees,
20
expenses and other amounts to the payment or reimbursement of which it shall then be entitled. In addition, the Custodian shall, at the expense of the Fund, transfer to such successor all relevant books, records, correspondence, and other data established or maintained by the Custodian under this Agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Fund (if such form differs from the form in which the Custodian has maintained the same, the Fund shall pay any expenses associated with transferring the data to such form), and will cooperate in the transfer of such duties and responsibilities, including provision for assistance from the Custodians personnel in the establishment of books, records, and other data by such successor. Upon such delivery and transfer, the Custodian shall be relieved of all obligations under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Custodian terminates this Agreement or if termination results from failure to perform in accordance with this Agreement or the Custodian transfers this Agreement to an affiliate, the transfer to the successor shall be at the reasonable expense of the Custodian.
13.05 Failure to Appoint Successor Custodian . If a successor custodian is not designated by the Fund on or before the date of termination of this Agreement, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company of its own selection, which bank or trust company: (i) is a bank as defined in the 1940 Act; and (ii) has aggregate capital, surplus and undivided profits as shown on its most recent published report of not less than $25 million, all Securities, cash and other property held by the Custodian under this Agreement and to transfer to an account of or for the Fund at such bank or trust company all Securities of the Fund held in a Book-Entry System or Securities Depository. Upon such delivery and transfer, such bank or trust company shall be the successor custodian under this Agreement and the Custodian shall be relieved of all obligations under this Agreement. In addition, under these circumstances, all books, records and other data of the Fund shall be returned to the Fund.
ARTICLE XIV.
CLASS ACTIONS
The Custodian shall use its best efforts to identify and file claims for the Fund involving any class action litigation that impacts any security the Fund may have held during the class period. The Fund agrees that the Custodian may file such claims on its behalf and understands that it may be waiving and/or releasing certain rights to make claims or otherwise pursue class action defendants who settle their claims. Further, the Fund acknowledges that there is no guarantee these claims will result in any payment or partial payment of potential class action proceeds and that the timing of such payment, if any, is uncertain.
However, the Fund may instruct the Custodian to distribute class action notices and other relevant documentation to the Fund or its designee and, if it so elects, will relieve the Custodian from any and all liability and responsibility for filing class action claims on behalf of the Fund.
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ARTICLE XV.
MISCELLANEOUS
15.01 Compliance with Laws . The Fund has and retains primary responsibility for all compliance matters relating to the Fund, including but not limited to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the policies and limitations of the Fund relating to its portfolio investments as set forth in its prospectus and statement of additional information on Form N-2. The Custodians services hereunder shall not relieve the Fund of its responsibilities for assuring such compliance or the Board of Directors oversight responsibility with respect thereto.
15.02 Amendment . This Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by written agreement executed by the Custodian and the Fund, and authorized or approved by the Board of Trustees.
15.03 Assignment . This Agreement shall extend to and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not be assignable by the Fund without the written consent of the Custodian, or by the Custodian without the written consent of the Fund accompanied by the authorization or approval of the Board of Trustees.
15.04 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflicts of law principles. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control, and nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the 1940 Act or any rule or order of the SEC thereunder.
15.05 No Agency Relationship . Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or empower either party to act as agent for the other party to this Agreement, or to conduct business in the name, or for the account, of the other party to this Agreement.
15.06 Services Not Exclusive . Nothing in this Agreement shall limit or restrict the Custodian from providing services to other parties that are similar or identical to some or all of the services provided hereunder.
15.07 Invalidity. Any provision of this Agreement which may be determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. In such case, the parties shall in good faith modify or substitute such provision consistent with the original intent of the parties.
15.08 Notices . Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given on the date delivered personally or by courier service, or three days after sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or on the date sent and confirmed received by facsimile transmission to the other partys address set forth below:
22
Notice to the Custodian shall be sent to:
U.S Bank, N.A.
1555 N. Rivercenter Dr., MK-WI-S302
Milwaukee, WI 53212
Attn: Tom Fuller
Phone: 414-905-6118
Fax: 866-350-5066
and notice to the Fund shall be sent to:
Angel Oak Financial Strategic Income Term Trust
One Buckhead Plaza
3060 Peachtree Road, NW
Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
Attn: General Counsel
Phone: 404-637-0426
Fax: 404-951-4988
15.09 Multiple Originals . This Agreement may be executed on two or more counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
15.10 No Waiver . No failure by either party hereto to exercise, and no delay by such party in exercising, any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof. The exercise by either party hereto of any right hereunder shall not preclude the exercise of any other right, and the remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided at law or in equity.
15.11 References to Custodian . The Fund shall not circulate any written material that contains any reference to the Custodian without the prior written approval of the Custodian, excepting written material contained in the Prospectus or statement of additional information for the Fund and such other written material as merely identifies the Custodian as custodian for the Fund. The Fund shall submit written material requiring approval to the Custodian in draft form, allowing sufficient time for review by the Custodian and its counsel prior to any deadline for publication.
15.12 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, together with any exhibits, attachments, appendices or schedules expressly referenced herein, sets forth the sole and complete understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements relating thereto, whether written or oral, between the parties.
15.13 Trust Limitations . This Agreement is executed by the Fund and the obligations hereunder are not binding on any of the trustees, officers or shareholders of the Fund individually but are binding only on the Fund and the assets and property of the Fund.
23
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date last written below.
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIC INCOME TERM TRUST | ||
By: | /s/ Dory S. Black_ | |
Name: | Dory S. Black | |
Title: | President | |
Date: | 8/1/18 |
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | ||
By: | /s/ Anita M. Zagrodnik | |
Name: | Anita M. Zagrodnik | |
Title: | Senior Vice President | |
Date: | 8/1/18 |
24
Exhibit A
AUTHORIZED PERSONS
Set forth below are the names and specimen signatures of the persons authorized by the Fund to administer the Fund Custody Accounts.
Name |
Telephone/Fax Number |
Signature |
||
25
Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement - Angel Oak Financial Strategic Income Term Fund
Custody Services Fee Schedule March 2018
Annual Fee Based Upon Market Value per Fund
basis point on average daily market value of all long securities and cash held in the portfolio
Minimum annual fee per fund $
Plus portfolio transaction fees
Portfolio Transaction Fees
|
$ Book entry DTC transaction, Federal Reserve transaction, principal paydown |
|
$ Repurchase agreement, reverse repurchase agreement, time deposit/CD or other non-depository transaction |
|
$ Option/SWAPS/future contract written, exercised or expired |
|
$ Mutual fund trade, Margin Variation Wire and outbound Fed wire |
|
$ Physical security transaction |
|
$ Check disbursement (waived if U.S. Bancorp is Administrator) |
A transaction is a purchase/sale of a security, free receipt/free delivery, maturity, tender or exchange.
Miscellaneous Expenses
All other miscellaneous fees and expenses, including but not limited to the following, will be separately billed as incurred:
including but not limited to expenses incurred in the safekeeping, delivery and receipt of securities, shipping, transfer fees, deposit withdrawals at custodian (DWAC) fees, SWIFT charges, negative interest charges and extraordinary expenses based upon complexity.
Additional Services
|
Additional fees apply for global servicing. Fund of Fund expenses quoted separately. |
|
$ per Sub Advisor |
|
$ Segregated custody account |
|
No charge for the initial conversion free receipt. |
|
Overdrafts charged to the account at , unless a line of credit is in place |
In addition to the fees described above, additional fees may be charged to the extent that changes to applicable laws, rules or regulations require additional work or expenses related to services provided (e.g., compliance with new liquidity risk management and reporting requirements).
Fees are calculated pro rata and billed monthly.
26
Exhibit B (continued)
Additional Global Sub-Custodial Services Annual Fee Schedule
COUNTRY |
INSTRUMENT |
SAFEKEEPING
(BPS) |
TRANSACTION
FEE |
COUNTRY |
INSTRUMENT |
SAFEKEEPING
(BPS) |
TRANSACTION
FEE |
COUNTRY |
INSTRUMENT |
SAFEKEEPING
(BPS) |
TRANSACTION
FEE |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Argentina |
All | 13.0 | $ | 35 | Guinea Bissau | All | 44.0 | $ | 125 | Pakistan | All | 26.0 | $ | 80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
All | 1.0 | $ | 15 | Hong Kong | All | 2.0 | $ | 20 | Peru | All | 39.0 | $ | 85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Austria |
All | 2.0 | $ | 20 | Hungary | All | 22.0 | $ | 60 | Philippines | All | 5.0 | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bahrain |
All | 44.0 | $ | 115 | Iceland | All | 13.0 | $ | 45 | Poland | All | 13.0 | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bangladesh |
All | 35.0 | $ | 120 | India | All | 9.0 | $ | 85 | Portugal | All | 5.5 | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Belgium |
All | 1.5 | $ | 25 | Indonesia | All | 6.0 | $ | 70 | Qatar | All | 40.0 | $ | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benin |
All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | Ireland | All | 2.0 | $ | 15 | Romania | All | 31.0 | $ | 80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bermuda |
All | 13.0 | $ | 50 | Israel | All | 11.0 | $ | 30 | Russia | Equities | 33.0 | $ | 165 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Botswana |
All | 22.0 | $ | 40 | Italy | All | 2.0 | $ | 25 | Senegal | All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brazil |
All | 8.0 | $ | 20 | Ivory Coast | All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | Singapore | All | 2.0 | $ | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgaria |
All | 35.0 | $ | 65 | Japan | All | 1.0 | $ | 10 | Slovak Republic | All | 22.0 | $ | 90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Burkina Faso |
All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | Jordan | All | 35.0 | $ | 100 | Slovenia | All | 22.0 | $ | 90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada |
All | 1.0 | $ | 5 | Kazakhstan | All | 53.0 | $ | 120 | South Africa | All | 2.0 | $ | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cayman Islands* |
All | 1.0 | $ | 10 | Kenya | All | 26.0 | $ | 40 | South Korea | All | 5.5 | $ | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Channel Islands* |
All | 1.5 | $ | 20 | Kuwait | All | 35.0 | $ | 120 | Spain | All | 1.0 | $ | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chile |
All | 18.0 | $ | 50 | Latvia | Equities | 13.0 | $ | 60 | Sri Lanka | All | 13.0 | $ | 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
China |
All | 11.0 | $ | 45 | Lebanon | All | 22.0 | $ | 75 | Swaziland | All | 26.0 | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Colombia |
All | 35.0 | $ | 80 | Lithuania | All | 18.0 | $ | 40 | Sweden | All | 1.0 | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costa Rica |
All | 13.0 | $ | 50 | Luxembourg | All | 4.0 | $ | 20 | Switzerland | All | 1.0 | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Croatia |
All | 31.0 | $ | 55 | Malaysia | All | 3.5 | $ | 40 | Taiwan | All | 13.0 | $ | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cyprus |
All | 13.0 | $ | 50 | Mali | All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | Thailand | All | 3.5 | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech Republic |
All | 11.0 | $ | 25 | Malta | All | 20.0 | $ | 60 | Togo | All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Denmark |
All | 2.0 | $ | 25 | Mauritius | All | 26.0 | $ | 80 | Tunisia | All | 35.0 | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ecuador |
All | 31.0 | $ | 55 | Mexico | All | 2.0 | $ | 10 | Turkey | All | 11.0 | $ | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egypt |
All | 28.0 | $ | 65 | Morocco | All | 31.0 | $ | 80 | UAE | All | 40.0 | $ | 105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estonia |
All | 6.0 | $ | 20 | Namibia | All | 26.0 | $ | 40 | United Kingdom | All | 1.0 | $ | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Euromarkets** |
All | 1.00 | $ | 5 | Netherlands | All | 2.0 | $ | 15 | Ukraine | All | 21.0 | $ | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finland |
All | 2.5 | $ | 25 | New Zealand | All | 2.5 | $ | 25 | Uruguay | All | 45.0 | $ | 55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
France |
All | 1.0 | $ | 15 | Niger | All | 35.0 | $ | 125 | Venezuela | All | 35.0 | $ | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germany |
All | 1.0 | $ | 15 | Nigeria | All | 26.0 | $ | 40 | Vietnam | All | 20.0 | $ | 85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ghana |
All | 22.0 | $ | 40 | Norway | All | 2.0 | $ | 25 | Zambia | All | 26.0 | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greece |
All | 8.0 | $ | 35 | Oman | All | 45.0 | $ | 115 | Zimbabwe | All | 26.0 | $ | 40 |
Safekeeping and transaction fees are assessed on security and currency transactions.
* |
Additional customer documentation and indemnification will be required prior to establishing accounts in these markets. |
** |
Tiered by market value:<$5 billion: 1 bp, >$5 billion and <$10 billion: .75 bps; >$10 billion: .50 bps. |
** |
Euromarkets - Non-Eurobonds: Surcharges vary by local market. |
A monthly base fee per fund will apply based on the number of foreign securities held. If no global assets are held within a given month, the monthly base charge will not apply for that month.
|
125 foreign securities: $ ; 2650 foreign securities: $ ; Over 50 foreign securities: $ |
|
Euroclear Eurobonds only. Eurobonds are held in Euroclear at a standard rate, but other types of securities (including but not limited to equities, domestic market debt and mutual funds) will be subject to a surcharge. In addition, certain transactions that are delivered within Euroclear or from a Euroclear account to a third party depository or settlement system, will be subject to a surcharge. |
|
For all other markets specified in above grid, surcharges may apply if a security is held outside of the local market. |
Miscellaneous Expenses
|
Tax reclaims that have been outstanding for more than 6 (six) months with the client will be charged $ per claim. |
|
Charges incurred by U.S. Bank, N.A. directly or through sub-custodians for account opening fees, local taxes, stamp duties or other local duties and assessments, stock exchange fees, foreign exchange transactions, postage and insurance for shipping, facsimile reporting, extraordinary telecommunications fees, proxy services and other shareholder communications, recurring administration fees, negative interest charges, overdraft charges or other expenses which are unique to a country in which the client or its clients is investing will be passed along as incurred. |
27
|
A surcharge may be added to certain miscellaneous expenses listed herein to cover handling, servicing and other administrative costs associated with the activities giving rise to such expenses. Also, certain expenses are charged at a predetermined flat rate. |
|
SWIFT reporting and message fees. |
28
Exhibit C to the Custody Agreement
SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS ACT AUTHORIZATION
The Shareholder Communications Act of 1985 requires banks and trust companies to make an effort to permit direct communication between a company which issues securities and the shareholder who votes those securities.
Unless you specifically require us to NOT release your name and address to requesting companies, we are required by law to disclose your name and address.
Your yes or no to disclosure will apply to all securities U.S. Bank holds for you now and in the future, unless you change your mind and notify us in writing.
YES | U.S. Bank is authorized to provide the Funds name, address and security position to requesting companies whose stock is owned by the Company. | |||
X NO | U.S. Bank is NOT authorized to provide the Funds name, address and security position to requesting companies whose stock is owned by the Company. |
Angel Oak Financial Strategic Income Term Fund | ||
By: | /s/ Dory S. Black | |
Title: | President | |
Date: | 8/1/18 |
29
TRANSFER AGENT SERVICING AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into by and between ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST a Delaware statutory trust (the Fund), and U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC , a Wisconsin limited liability company (USBFS).
WHEREAS, the Fund will be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as a closed-end management investment company and shares of the Fund will be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act and together with the 1940 Act, the Acts); and
WHEREAS, USBFS is, among other things, in the business of administering transfer and dividend disbursing agent functions for the benefit of its customers; and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain USBFS to provide transfer and dividend disbursing agent services.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby agree as follows:
1. |
Appointment of USBFS as Transfer Agent |
The Fund hereby appoints USBFS as transfer agent of the Fund on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and USBFS hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the services and duties set forth in this Agreement. The services and duties of USBFS shall be confined to those matters expressly set forth herein, and no implied duties are assumed by or may be asserted against USBFS hereunder.
2. |
Services and Duties of USBFS |
USBFS shall provide the following transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent services to the Fund:
A. |
Receive and process all orders for the purchase, exchange, transfer and/or repurchase of shares in accordance with applicable rules under the 1940 Act and other applicable regulations, and as specified in the Funds prospectus (the Prospectus). |
B. |
Process purchase orders with prompt delivery, where appropriate, of payment and supporting documentation to the shareholder based on the shareholders or the Funds custodian instructions, and record the appropriate number of shares being held in the appropriate shareholder account. |
C. |
Process repurchase requests received in good order and, where relevant, deliver appropriate documentation to the Funds custodian. |
D. |
Pay proceeds upon receipt from the Funds custodian, where relevant, in accordance with the instructions of shareholders participating in a repurchase offer. |
E. |
Process transfers of shares in accordance with the shareholders instructions, after receipt of appropriate documentation from the shareholder as specified in the Prospectus. |
F. |
Prepare and transmit payments for, or apply reinvestment of, dividends and distributions declared by the Fund, after deducting any amount required to be withheld by any applicable laws, rules and regulations and in accordance with shareholder instructions. |
G. |
Serve as the Funds agent in connection with accumulation, open account or similar plans (e.g., periodic investment plans). |
H. |
Make changes to shareholder records, including, but not limited to, address changes in plans (e.g., automatic investment, dividend reinvestment). |
I. |
Handle any load and multi-class processing, including rights of accumulation and purchases by letters of intent in accordance with the Prospectus. |
J. |
Record the issuance of shares of the Fund and maintain, pursuant to Rule 17Ad-10(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), a record of the total number of shares of each Fund which are authorized, issued and outstanding. |
K. |
Prepare ad-hoc reports as necessary at prevailing rates. |
L. |
Mail shareholder reports and Prospectuses to current shareholders. |
M. |
Prepare and file U.S. Treasury Department Forms 1099 and other appropriate information returns required with respect to dividends, distributions and repurchases for all shareholders. |
N. |
Provide shareholder account information upon a shareholders or the Funds requests and prepare and mail confirmations and statements of account to shareholders for all purchases, repurchases and other confirmable transactions as agreed upon with the Fund. |
O. |
Mail requests for shareholders certifications under penalties of perjury and pay on a timely basis to the appropriate federal or state authorities any taxes to be withheld on dividends and distributions paid by the Fund, all as required by applicable federal and state tax laws and regulations. |
P. |
Answer correspondence from shareholders, securities brokers and others relating to USBFSs duties hereunder within required time periods established by applicable regulation. |
Q. |
Reimburse the Fund each month for all material losses resulting from as of processing errors for which USBFS is responsible in accordance with the as of processing guidelines set forth on Exhibit A hereto. |
R. |
Calculate average assets held in shareholder accounts for purposes of paying Rule 12b-1 and/or shareholder servicing fees as directed by a Fund. |
2
S. |
Provide service and support to financial intermediaries including but not limited to trade placements, settlements and corrections. |
T. |
Perform its duties hereunder in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and provide any sub-certifications reasonably requested by the Fund in connection with any certification required of the Fund pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or any rules or regulations promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) thereunder, provided the same shall not be deemed to change USBFS standard of care as set forth herein. |
U. |
In order to assist the Fund in satisfying the requirements of Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act (the Rule), USBFS will provide the Funds Chief Compliance Officer with reasonable access to USBFS Fund records relating to the services provided by it under this Agreement, and will provide quarterly compliance reports and related certifications regarding any Material Compliance Matter (as defined in the Rule) involving USBFS that affect or could affect the Fund. |
3. |
Lost Shareholder Due Diligence Searches and Servicing |
The Fund hereby acknowledges that USBFS has an arrangement with an outside vendor to conduct lost shareholder searches required by Rule 17Ad-17 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Costs associated with such searches will be passed through to the Fund as a miscellaneous expense in accordance with the fee schedule set forth in Exhibit B hereto. If a shareholder remains lost and the shareholders account unresolved after completion of the mandatory Rule 17Ad-17 search, the Fund hereby authorizes vendor to enter, at its discretion, into fee sharing arrangements with the lost shareholder (or such lost shareholders representative or executor) to conduct a more in-depth search in order to locate the lost shareholder before the shareholders assets escheat to the applicable state. The Fund hereby acknowledges that USBFS is not a party to these arrangements and does not receive any revenue sharing or other fees relating to these arrangements. Furthermore, the Fund hereby acknowledges that vendor may receive up to 35% of the lost shareholders assets as compensation for its efforts in locating the lost shareholder.
4. |
Anti-Money Laundering and Red Flag Identity Theft Prevention Programs |
The Fund acknowledges that it has had an opportunity to review, consider and comment upon the written procedures provided by USBFS describing various tools used by USBFS which are designed to promote the detection and reporting of potential money laundering activity and identity theft by monitoring certain aspects of shareholder activity as well as written procedures for verifying a customers identity (collectively, the Procedures). Further, the Fund and USBFS have each determined that the Procedures, as part of the Funds overall anti-money laundering program and red flag identity theft prevention program, are reasonably designed to prevent the Fund from being used for money laundering or the financing of terrorist activities and to achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act, Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 and the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the implementing regulations thereunder.
Based on this determination, the Fund hereby instructs and directs USBFS to implement the Procedures on the Funds behalf, as such may be amended or revised from time to
3
time. It is contemplated that these Procedures will be amended from time to time by the parties as additional regulations are adopted and/or regulatory guidance is provided relating to the Funds anti-money laundering and identity theft responsibilities.
USBFS agrees to provide to the Fund:
(a) |
Prompt written notification of any transaction or combination of transactions that USBFS believes, based on the Procedures, evidence money laundering or identity theft activities in connection with the Fund or any shareholder of the Fund; |
(b) |
Prompt written notification of any customer(s) that USBFS reasonably believes, based upon the Procedures, to be engaged in money laundering or identity theft activities, provided that the Fund agrees not to communicate this information to the customer; |
(c) |
Any reports received by USBFS from any government agency or applicable industry self-regulatory organization pertaining to USBFSs anti-money laundering monitoring or the red flag identity theft prevention program on behalf of the Fund; |
(d) |
Prompt written notification of any action taken in response to anti-money laundering violations or identity theft activity as described in (a), (b) or (c) immediately above; and |
(e) |
Certified annual and quarterly reports of its monitoring and customer identification activities on behalf of the Fund. |
The Fund hereby directs, and USBFS acknowledges, that USBFS shall (i) permit federal regulators access to such information and records maintained by USBFS and relating to USBFS implementation of the Procedures, on behalf of the Fund, as they may request, and (ii) permit such federal regulators to inspect USBFS implementation of the Procedures on behalf of the Fund.
5. |
Compensation |
USBFS shall be compensated for providing the services set forth in this Agreement in accordance with the fee schedule set forth on Exhibit B hereto (as amended from time to time). USBFS shall also be reimbursed for such miscellaneous expenses set forth in Exhibit B as are reasonably incurred and documented by USBFS in performing its duties hereunder. The Fund shall pay all such fees and reimbursable expenses within 30 calendar days following receipt of the billing notice, except for any fee or expense subject to a good faith dispute. The Fund shall notify USBFS in writing within 30 calendar days following receipt of each invoice if the Fund is disputing any amounts in good faith. The Fund shall pay such disputed amounts within 10 calendar days of the day on which the parties agree to the amount to be paid. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, amounts owed by the Fund to USBFS shall only be paid out of assets and property of the Fund.
4
6. |
Representations and Warranties |
A. |
The Fund hereby represents and warrants to USBFS, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that: |
(1) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(2) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; |
(3) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its declaration of trust, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement; and |
(4) |
A registration statement under the 1940 Act and the 1933 Act will be made effective prior to the effective date of this Agreement and will remain effective during the term of this Agreement, and appropriate state securities law filings will be made prior to the effective date of this Agreement and will continue to be made during the term of this Agreement as necessary to enable the Fund to make a continuous public offering of its shares. |
B. |
USBFS hereby represents and warrants to the Fund, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that: |
(1) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(2) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by USBFS in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of USBFS, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; |
(3) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding |
5
on it and no provision of its charter, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement; and |
(4) |
It is a registered transfer agent under the Exchange Act. |
7. |
Standard of Care; Indemnification; Limitation of Liability |
A. |
USBFS shall exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. USBFS shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with its duties under this Agreement, including losses resulting from mechanical breakdowns or the failure of communication or power supplies beyond USBFSs control, except any losses arising out of or relating to USBFSs refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement or applicable law, or its bad faith, fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if USBFS has exercised reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Fund shall indemnify and hold harmless USBFS from and against any and all actual claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) that USBFS may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against USBFS by any person arising out of any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in performing the services hereunder (i) in accordance with the foregoing standards, or (ii) in reasonable reliance upon any written or oral instruction provided to USBFS by any duly authorized officer of the Fund, as approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the Board of Trustees), except for any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities arising out of or relating to USBFSs refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement or from its bad faith, fraud, negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. USBFS shall act in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner to mitigate any losses, expenses or liabilities it may suffer. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of the Fund, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. As used in this paragraph, the term USBFS shall include USBFSs directors, officers and employees. USBFS shall endeavor to provide the Fund such reasonable estimates, including reasonable estimates related to amounts incurred for services provided hereunder, in connection with claims for which USBFS seeks indemnity from the Fund. |
USBFS shall indemnify and hold the Fund harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) that the Fund may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against the Fund by any person arising out of any action taken or omitted to be taken by USBFS as a result of USBFSs refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, or from its bad faith, fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of USBFS, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. As used in this paragraph, the term Fund shall include the Funds trustees, officers and employees.
Neither party to this Agreement shall be liable to the other party for: (i) any consequential, special or punitive damages under any provision of this
6
Agreement; or (ii) any delay by reason of circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including acts of civil or military authority, national emergencies, labor difficulties, fire, mechanical breakdown, flood or catastrophe, acts of God, insurrection, war, terrorism, riots or failure beyond its control of transportation or supply.
In the event of a mechanical breakdown or failure of communication or power supplies beyond its reasonable control, USBFS shall take all reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions for any period that such interruption continues. USBFS will make every reasonable effort to restore any lost or damaged data and correct any errors resulting from such a breakdown at the expense of USBFS. USBFS agrees that it shall, at all times, have reasonable business continuity and disaster recovery contingency plans with appropriate parties, making reasonable provision for emergency use of electrical data processing equipment to the extent appropriate equipment is available. Representatives of the Fund shall be entitled to inspect USBFSs premises and operating capabilities at any time during regular business hours of USBFS, upon reasonable notice to USBFS. Moreover, USBFS shall provide the Fund, at such times as the Fund may reasonably require, copies of reports rendered by independent accountants on the internal controls and procedures of USBFS relating to the services provided by USBFS under this Agreement.
Notwithstanding the above, USBFS reserves the right to reprocess and correct administrative errors at its own expense.
B. |
In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this section shall apply, it is understood that if in any case the indemnitor may be asked to indemnify or hold the indemnitee harmless, the indemnitor shall be fully and promptly advised of all pertinent facts concerning the situation in question, and it is further understood that the indemnitee will use all reasonable care to notify the indemnitor promptly concerning any situation that presents or appears likely to present the probability of a claim for indemnification. The indemnitor shall have the option to defend the indemnitee against any claim that may be the subject of this indemnification. In the event that the indemnitor so elects, it will so notify the indemnitee and thereupon the indemnitor shall take over complete defense of the claim, and the indemnitee shall in such situation initiate no further legal or other expenses for which it shall seek indemnification under this section. The indemnitee shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnitor will be asked to indemnify the indemnitee except with the indemnitors prior written consent. |
C. |
The indemnity and defense provisions set forth in this Section 7 shall indefinitely survive the termination and/or assignment of this Agreement. |
D. |
If USBFS is acting in another capacity for the Fund pursuant to a separate agreement, nothing herein shall be deemed to relieve USBFS of any of its obligations in such other capacity. |
8. |
Data Necessary to Perform Services |
The Fund or its agent shall furnish to USBFS the data reasonably necessary to perform the services described herein at such times and in such form as mutually agreed upon.
7
9. |
Proprietary and Confidential Information |
USBFS agrees on behalf of itself and its directors, officers, and employees to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund, all records and other information relative to the Fund and prior, present, or potential shareholders of the Fund (and clients of said shareholders), and not to use such records and information for any purpose other than the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except (i) after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where USBFS may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, (ii) when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, provided that USBFS shall promptly inform the Fund of such request if permitted by applicable law, or (iii) when so requested by the Fund. Records and other information which have become known to the public through no wrongful act of USBFS or any of its employees, agents or representatives, and information that was already in the possession of USBFS prior to receipt thereof from the Fund or its agent, shall not be subject to this paragraph.
Further, USBFS will adhere to the privacy policies adopted by the Fund pursuant to Title V of the Gramm Leach Bliley Act, as may be modified from time to time. In this regard, USBFS shall have in place and maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards reasonably designed to protect the security, confidentiality and integrity of, and to prevent unauthorized access to or use of, records and information relating to the Fund and its shareholders. In addition, USBFS shall implement and maintain an effective information security program reasonably designed to protect information relating to shareholders (such information, Personal Information), which program of the Fund shall include sufficient administrative, technical and physical safeguards and written policies and procedures reasonably designed to (a) insure the security and confidentiality of such Personal Information; (b) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such Personal Information, including identity theft; and (c) protect against unauthorized access to or use of such Personal Information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to the Fund or any shareholder (the Information Security Program). The Information Security Program shall comply with reasonable information security practices within the transfer agency industry. Upon written request from the Fund, USBFS shall provide a written description of its Information Security Program to the Fund.
8
USBFS shall promptly notify the Fund in writing of any breach of security, misuse or misappropriation of, or unauthorized access to (in each case, whether actual or alleged) any Personal Information (any or all of the foregoing referred to individually and collectively for purposes of this provision as a Security Breach). USBFS shall promptly investigate and remedy, and bear the reasonable cost associated with notification of any affected party, including printing, mailing, service center response and one (1) year of credit monitoring per affected individual, if necessary, to address any Security Breach. USBFS shall bear the cost of the Security Breach only if USBFS is determined to be responsible for such Security Breach or for failure to prevent such Security Breach. In addition to, and without limiting the foregoing, USBFS shall promptly cooperate with the Fund or any of its affiliates regulators at USBFS expense (only if USBFS is determined to be responsible for its Security Breach) to prevent, investigate, cease or mitigate any Security Breach, including but not limited to investigating, bringing claims or actions and giving information and testimony.
10. |
Records |
USBFS shall keep records relating to the services to be performed hereunder in the form and manner, and for such period, as it may deem advisable and is agreeable to the Fund, but not inconsistent with the rules and regulations of appropriate government authorities, in particular, Section 31 of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. USBFS agrees that all such records prepared or maintained by USBFS relating to the services to be performed by USBFS hereunder are the property of the Fund and will be preserved, maintained, and made available in accordance with such applicable sections and rules of the 1940 Act and will be promptly surrendered to the Fund or its designee on and in accordance with its request.
11. |
Compliance with Laws |
The Fund has and retains primary responsibility for all compliance matters relating to the Fund, including but not limited to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the policies and limitations of the Fund relating to its portfolio investments as set forth in its Prospectus and statement of additional information. USBFSs services hereunder shall not relieve the Fund of its responsibilities for assuring such compliance or the Board of Trustees oversight responsibility with respect thereto.
12. |
Duties in the Event of Termination |
In the event that, in connection with the termination of this Agreement, a successor to any of USBFSs duties or responsibilities hereunder is designated by the Fund by written notice to USBFS, USBFS will promptly, upon such termination and at the expense (which shall include only reasonable and documented miscellaneous costs) of the Fund, transfer to such successor all relevant books, records, correspondence, and other data established or maintained by USBFS under this Agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Fund (if such form differs from the form in which USBFS has maintained the same, the Fund shall pay any reasonable and documented miscellaneous expenses associated with transferring the data to such form), and will cooperate in the transfer of such duties and responsibilities, including provision for assistance from USBFSs personnel in the establishment of books, records, and other data by such successor. The Fund shall also pay any fees associated with record retention and/or tax reporting obligations that may not be eliminated due to a conversion to a successor provider. If no such successor is designated, then such books, records and other data shall be returned to the Fund.
9
13. |
Term of Agreement; Amendment |
This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above and will continue in effect for a period of three (3) years. This Agreement may be terminated by either party upon giving 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Subsequent to the end of the three (3) year period, this Agreement continues until one party gives 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter notice period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by any party upon the breach of the other party of any material term of this Agreement if such breach is not cured within 15 days of notice of such breach to the breaching party specifying in reasonable detail the nature of such breach. In addition, the Fund may, at any time, immediately terminate this Agreement in the event of: (i) the liquidation or dissolution of the Fund, or (ii) the appointment of conservator or receiver for USBFS or its affiliates by regulatory authorities or upon the happening of any like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction. This Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by written agreement executed by USBFS and the Fund, and authorized or approved by the Board of Trustees.
14. |
Early Termination |
In the absence of any material breach of this Agreement, should the Fund elect to terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the three (3) year term, the Fund agrees to pay the following fees:
a. |
all monthly fees through the life of the Agreement, including the repayment of any negotiated discounts; |
b. |
all fees associated with converting services to successor service provider; |
c. |
all fees associated with any record retention and/or tax reporting obligations that may not be eliminated due to the conversion to a successor service provider; |
d. |
all miscellaneous costs associated with a-c above. |
15. |
Assignment |
This Agreement shall extend to and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not be assignable by the Fund without the written consent of USBFS, or by USBFS without the written consent of the Fund accompanied by the authorization or approval of the Funds Board of Trustees.
16. |
Governing Law |
This Agreement shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflicts of law principles. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control, and nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the 1940 Act or any rule or order of the SEC thereunder.
10
17. |
No Agency Relationship |
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or empower either party to act as agent for the other party to this Agreement, or to conduct business in the name, or for the account, of the other party to this Agreement.
18. |
Services Not Exclusive |
Nothing in this Agreement shall limit or restrict USBFS from providing services to other parties that are similar or identical to some or all of the services provided hereunder.
19. |
Invalidity |
Any provision of this Agreement which may be determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. In such case, the parties shall in good faith modify or substitute such provision consistent with the original intent of the parties.
20. |
Notices |
Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given on the date delivered personally or by courier service, or three days after sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or on the date sent and confirmed received by facsimile transmission to the other partys address set forth below:
Notice to USBFS shall be sent to:
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Attn: President
Notice to the Fund shall be sent to:
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
One Buckhead Plaza
3060 Peachtree Road, NW
Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
Attn: General Counsel
20. |
Multiple Originals |
This Agreement may be executed on two or more counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
21. |
Entire Agreement |
11
This Agreement, together with any exhibits, attachments, appendices or schedules expressly referenced herein, sets forth the sole and complete understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements relating thereto, whether written or oral, between the parties.
22. |
Trust Limitations |
This Agreement is executed by the Fund and the obligations hereunder are not binding on any of the trustees, officers or shareholders of the Fund individually but are binding only on the Fund and the assets and property of the Fund.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date last written below.
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
By: | /s/ Dory S. Black | |
Name: Title: Date: |
Dory S. Black President 8/1/18 |
U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: | /s/ Anita M. Zagrodnik | |
Name: Title: Date: |
Anita M. Zagrodnik Senior Vice President 8/1/18 |
12
Exhibit A to the
Fund Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement
As of Processing Policy
USBFS will reimburse the Fund for any Net Material Loss that may exist on the Funds books and for which USBFS is responsible, at the end of each calendar month. Net Material Loss shall be defined as any remaining loss, after netting losses against any gains, which impacts the Funds net asset value per share by at least ½ cent. Gains and losses will be reflected on the Funds daily share sheet, and the Fund will be reimbursed for any net material loss on a monthly basis. USBFS will reset the as of ledger each calendar month so that any losses which do not exceed the materiality threshold of ½ cent will not be carried forward to the next succeeding month. USBFS will notify the advisor to the Fund on the daily share sheet of any losses for which the advisor may be held accountable.
13
Exhibit B to the
Fund Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement
Transfer Agent Services Fee Schedule at March 2018
Investor Services/Stock Transfer Agency Fee Schedule
Annual Service Charges to the Fund
Base Fee Per CUSIP (Annual Income Distributions) |
$ per year | |
Base Fee Per CUSIP (Monthly/Quarterly Income Distributions) |
$ per year | |
Open Accounts |
$ per open account | |
Closed Accounts |
$ per closed account |
Private and Interval Funds*
Base Fee Per Fund |
$ per year | |
Additional class |
$ per year | |
Open Accounts |
$ per open account | |
Closed Accounts |
$ per closed account |
Plus Annual Fee Based Upon Average Assets for all closed end / interval funds in the complex*
basis point on the first $
basis point on the balance
CUSIP Setup
|
CUSIP Setup Fee beyond the initial CUSIP in the closed end/interval fund complex: $ |
Miscellaneous Expenses
All other miscellaneous fees and expenses, including but not limited to the following, will be separately billed as incurred:
brokerage fees, telephone toll-free lines, inbound calls, mailing, sorting and postage, stationery, envelopes, service/data conversion, AML verification services, special reports, record retention, lost shareholder search, disaster recovery charges, Fed wire charges, shareholder/dealer print out (daily confirms, investor confirms, tax, checks, and commissions), voice response (VRU) maintenance and development, data communication and implementation charges, return mail processing, travel, FATCA and other compliance mailings.
Additional Services
Additional services not included above shall be mutually agreed upon and documented on the Additional Services fee schedule Available but not included above are the following services- client Web data access, client dedicated line data access, programming charges, physical certificate processing, CUSIP setup and additional services mutually agreed upon.
In addition to the fees described above, additional fees may be charged to the extent that changes to applicable laws, rules or regulations require additional work or expenses related to services provided (e.g., compliance with new liquidity risk management and reporting requirements).
Fees are calculated pro rata and billed monthly.
The monthly fee for an open account shall be charged in the month during which an account is opened through the month in which such account is closed. The monthly fee for a closed account shall be charged in the month following the month during which such account is closed.
14
FUND ADMINISTRATION SERVICING AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into by and between ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST, a Delaware statutory trust (the Fund), and U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC , a Wisconsin limited liability company (USBFS).
WHEREAS , the Fund will be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) as a closed-end, management investment company and shares of the Fund will be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act and together with the 1940 Act, the Acts); and
WHEREAS , USBFS is, among other things, in the business of providing fund administration services for the benefit of its customers; and
WHEREAS , the Fund desires to retain USBFS to provide fund administration services to the Fund.
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby agree as follows:
1. |
Appointment of USBFS as Administrator |
The Fund hereby appoints USBFS as administrator of the Fund on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and USBFS hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the services and duties set forth in this Agreement. The services and duties of USBFS shall be confined to those matters expressly set forth herein, and no implied duties are assumed by or may be asserted against USBFS hereunder.
2. |
Services and Duties of USBFS |
USBFS shall provide the following administration services to the Fund:
A. |
General Fund Management: |
(1) |
Act as liaison among Fund service providers, including, but not limited to, the Funds investment adviser, external legal counsel, accounting and audit firms and external compliance consultants. |
(2) |
Supply: |
a. |
Office facilities (which may be in USBFS, or an affiliates or the Funds own offices). |
b. |
Non-investment-related statistical and research data as requested. |
(3) |
Coordinate the Funds board of trustees (the Board of Trustees) or the Trustees) communications, such as: |
a. |
Prepare meeting agendas and resolutions, with the assistance of Fund counsel. |
b. |
Prepare reports for the Board of Trustees based on financial and administrative data. |
c. |
Assist with the selection of the independent auditor. |
d. |
Secure and monitor fidelity bond and director and officer liability coverage, and make the necessary Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) filings relating thereto. |
e. |
Prepare minutes of meetings of the Board of Trustees, committees of the Board of Trustees, as agreed upon by both parties and Fund shareholders. |
f. |
Recommend dividend declarations to the Board of Trustees and prepare and distribute to appropriate parties notices announcing declaration of dividends and other distributions to shareholders. |
g. |
Attend Board of Trustees meetings and meetings of committees of the Board of Trustees, as agreed upon by both parties and present materials for Trustees review at such meetings. |
(4) |
Audits: |
a. |
For the annual Fund audit, prepare appropriate schedules and materials, provide requested information the independent auditors and facilitate the audit process. |
b. |
For SEC or other regulatory audits, provide requested information to the SEC or other regulatory agency and facilitate the audit process. |
c. |
For all audits, provide office facilities, as needed. |
(5) |
Assist with overall operations of the Fund. |
(6) |
Pay Fund expenses upon written authorization from the Fund. |
(7) |
Keep the Funds governing documents, including its declaration of trust, bylaws and minute books, but only to the extent such documents are provided to USBFS by the Fund or its representatives for safe keeping. |
B. |
Compliance: |
(1) |
Regulatory Compliance: |
a. |
Monitor compliance with the Acts requirements, including: |
(i) |
Asset and diversification tests. |
(ii) |
Total return and SEC yield calculations. |
(iii) |
Maintenance of books and records pursuant to Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act. |
(iv) |
Code of ethics requirements pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act for the disinterested Trustees. |
b. |
Monitor the Funds compliance with the policies and investment limitations as set forth in its prospectus (the Prospectus) and statement of additional information (the SAI). |
2
c. |
Perform its duties hereunder in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and provide any sub-certifications reasonably requested by the Fund in connection with: (i) any certification required of the Fund pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the SOX Act) or any rules or regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder, and (ii) the operation of USBFS compliance program as it relates to the Fund provided the same shall not be deemed to change USBFS standard of care as set forth herein. |
d. |
In order to assist the Fund in satisfying the requirements of Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act (the Rule), USBFS will provide the Funds Chief Compliance Officer with reasonable access to USBFS Fund records relating to the services provided by it under this Agreement, and will provide quarterly compliance reports and related certifications regarding any Material Compliance Matter (as defined in the Rule) involving USBFS that affect or could affect the Fund. |
e. |
Monitor applicable regulatory and operational service issues, and update Board of Trustees periodically. |
(2) |
Blue Sky Compliance: |
a. |
Prepare and file with the appropriate state securities authorities any and all required compliance filings relating to the qualification of the securities of the Fund so as to enable the Fund to make a continuous offering of its shares in all states and applicable U.S. territories. |
b. |
Monitor status and maintain registrations in each state and applicable U.S. territories. |
c. |
Provide updates regarding material developments in state securities regulation. |
(3) |
SEC Registration and Reporting: |
a. |
Assist Fund counsel in annual updates, or any other amendments or supplements, of the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2. |
b. |
Prepare and file annual and semiannual shareholder reports, Form N-SAR/Form N-CEN, Form N-CSR, Form N-Q/Form N-PORT filings. Coordinate the printing, filing and mailing of Prospectuses and shareholder reports, and amendments and supplements thereto. |
c. |
Prepare and file beneficial ownership reports pursuant to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
d. |
Prepare and file notifications of repurchase offers on Form N-23c-3 pursuant to Rule 23c-3. |
e. |
File fidelity bond under Rule 17g-1. |
f. |
Monitor sales of Fund shares and ensure that such shares are properly registered or qualified, as applicable, with the SEC and the appropriate state authorities. |
g. |
Assist Fund counsel in preparation of proxy statements and information statements, as requested by the Fund. |
3
(4) |
IRS Compliance: |
a. |
Monitor the Funds status as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), including without limitation, review of the following: |
(i) |
Diversification requirements. |
(ii) |
Qualifying income requirements. |
(iii) |
Distribution requirements. |
b. |
Calculate required distributions (including excise tax distributions). |
C. |
Financial Reporting: |
(1) |
Provide financial data required by the Prospectus and SAI. |
(2) |
Prepare financial reports for officers, shareholders, tax authorities, performance reporting companies, the Board of Trustees, the SEC, and the independent registered public accounting firm. |
(3) |
Supervise the Funds custodian and fund accountants in the maintenance of the Funds general ledger and in the preparation of the Funds financial statements, including oversight of expense accruals and payments, the determination of net asset value and the declaration and payment of dividends and other distributions to shareholders. |
(4) |
Compute the yield, total return, expense ratio and portfolio turnover rate of the Fund. |
(5) |
Monitor expense accruals and make adjustments as necessary; notify the Funds management of any adjustments expected to materially affect the Funds expense ratio. |
(6) |
Prepare financial statements, which include, without limitation, the following items: |
a. |
Statement of Cash Flows (if applicable). |
b. |
Schedule of Investments. |
c. |
Statement of Assets and Liabilities. |
d. |
Statement of Operations. |
e. |
Statement of Changes in Net Assets. |
f. |
Financial Highlights. |
(7) |
Pursuant to Rule 31a-1(b)(9) of the 1940 Act, prepare quarterly broker security transaction summaries. |
D. |
Tax Reporting: |
(1) |
Provide the Funds management and independent accountant with tax reporting information pertaining to the Fund and available to USBFS as required in a timely manner. |
(2) |
Prepare for the review of the independent accountants and/or Fund management the federal and state tax returns including, without limitation, Form 1120 RIC and applicable state returns including any necessary schedules. USBFS will prepare annual Fund federal and state income tax return filings as authorized by and based on the instructions received by Fund management and/or its independent accountant. |
4
(3) |
Calculate the annual excise distribution amounts for the review and approval of Fund management and/or its independent accountant. |
(4) |
Prepare Fund financial statement tax footnote disclosures for the review and approval of Fund Management and/or its independent accountant. |
(5) |
Prepare and file on behalf of Fund management Form 1099 MISC Forms for payments to disinterested Trustees and other qualifying service providers. |
(6) |
Monitor wash sale losses. |
(7) |
Calculate Qualified Dividend Income (QDI) for qualifying Fund shareholders. |
E. |
Repurchase Offers: |
Provide the coordination and processing of all repurchase offers as stipulated in the prospectus. This will include:
(1) |
the tabulation and calculation of requested shares for repurchase; |
(2) |
calculation of total shares available for repurchase; |
(3) |
calculation of actual percentage of requested shares to be redeemed; |
(4) |
calculation of repurchase fee (if any); |
(5) |
preparing and filing notifications of repurchase offers on Form 23c-3; and |
(6) |
coordinating the printing, filing and mailing of notifications of repurchase offers |
3. |
Compensation |
USBFS shall be compensated for providing the services set forth in this Agreement in accordance with the fee schedule set forth on Exhibit A hereto (as amended from time to time). USBFS shall also be reimbursed for such miscellaneous expenses set forth on Exhibit A hereto as are reasonably incurred and documented by USBFS in performing its duties hereunder. The Fund shall pay all such fees and reimbursable expenses within thirty (30) calendar days following receipt of the billing notice, except for any fee or expense subject to a good faith dispute. The Fund shall notify USBFS in writing within thirty (30) calendar days following receipt of each invoice if the Fund is disputing any amounts in good faith. The Fund shall pay such disputed amounts within ten (10) calendar days of the day on which the parties agree to the amount to be paid. With the exception of any fee or expense the Fund is disputing in good faith as set forth above, unpaid invoices shall accrue a finance charge of 1 1 ⁄ 2 % per month after the due date. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, amounts owed by the Fund to USBFS shall only be paid out of the assets and property of the Fund.
4. |
License of Data; Warranty; Termination of Rights |
A. |
USBFS has entered into an agreement with MSCI index data services (MSCI), Standard & Poor Financial Services LLC (S&P) and FactSet Research Systems Inc. (FACTSET) which obligates USBFS to include a list of required provisions in this Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B . The index data services being provided to the Fund by USBFS pursuant hereto (collectively, the Data) are |
5
being licensed, not sold, to the Fund. The provisions in Exhibit B shall not have any affect upon the standard of care and liability USBFS has set forth in Section 6 of this Agreement. |
B. |
The Fund agrees to indemnify and hold harmless USBFS, its information providers, and any other third party identified to the Fund as being involved in or related to the making or compiling of the Data, their affiliates and subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (such information providers and other third parties, collectively, Data Providers) from and against any claims, losses, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees and costs, as incurred, arising in and any manner out of the Funds or any third partys use of, or inability to use, the Data or any material breach by the Fund of any provision contained in this Agreement. The immediately preceding sentence shall not have any effect upon the standard of care and liability of USBFS as set forth in Section 6 of this Agreement. |
5. |
Representations and Warranties |
A. |
The Fund hereby represents and warrants to USBFS, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that: |
(1) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(2) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; and |
(3) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its declaration of trust, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. |
B. |
USBFS hereby represents and warrants to the Fund, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that: |
6
(1) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(2) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by USBFS in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of USBFS, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; and |
(3) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its charter, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. |
6. |
Standard of Care; Indemnification; Limitation of Liability |
A. |
USBFS shall exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. USBFS shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with its duties under this Agreement, including losses resulting from mechanical breakdowns or the failure of communication or power supplies beyond USBFS control, except any losses arising out of or relating to USBFS refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, applicable law, or from its bad faith, fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if USBFS has exercised reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Fund shall indemnify and hold harmless USBFS from and against any and all actual claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees and expenses) that USBFS may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against USBFS by any person arising out of any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in performing the services hereunder (i) in accordance with the foregoing standards, or (ii) in reasonable reliance upon any written or oral instruction provided to USBFS by any duly authorized officer of the Fund, as approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund, except for any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities arising out of or relating to USBFS refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement or applicable law, or its bad faith, fraud, negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of the Fund, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. USBFS shall act in a commercially reasonable manner to mitigate any losses, expenses or liabilities it may suffer. As used in this paragraph, the term USBFS shall include USBFS directors, officers and |
7
employees. USBFS shall endeavor to provide the Fund such reasonable estimates, including reasonable estimates related to amounts incurred for services provided hereunder, in connection with claims for which USBFS seeks indemnity from the Fund. |
USBFS shall indemnify and hold the Fund harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees and expenses) that the Fund may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against the Fund by any person arising out of any action taken or omitted to be taken by USBFS as a result of USBFS refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement or applicable law, or its bad faith, fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of USBFS, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. As used in this paragraph, the term Fund shall include the Funds Trustees, officers and employees.
Neither party to this Agreement shall be liable to the other party for (i) any consequential, special or punitive damages under any provision of this Agreement; or (ii) any delay by reason of circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including acts of civil or military authority, national emergencies, labor difficulties, fire, mechanical breakdown, flood or catastrophe, acts of God, insurrection, war, terrorism, riots, or failure beyond its reasonable control, of transportation or supply.
In the event of a mechanical breakdown or failure of communication or power supplies beyond its control, USBFS shall take all reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions for any period that such interruption continues. USBFS will make every reasonable effort to restore any lost or damaged data and correct any errors resulting from such a breakdown at the expense of USBFS. USBFS agrees that it shall, at all times, have reasonable business continuity and disaster recovery contingency plans with appropriate parties, making reasonable provision for emergency use of electrical data processing equipment to the extent appropriate equipment is available. Representatives of the Fund shall be entitled to inspect USBFS premises and operating capabilities at any time during regular business hours of USBFS, upon reasonable notice to USBFS. Moreover, USBFS shall provide the Fund, at such times as the Fund may reasonably require, copies of reports rendered by independent registered public accounting firms on the internal controls and procedures of USBFS relating to the services provided by USBFS under this Agreement.
Notwithstanding the above, USBFS reserves the right to reprocess and correct administrative errors at its own expense.
B. |
In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this section shall apply, it is understood that if in any case the indemnitor may be asked to indemnify or |
8
hold the indemnitee harmless, the indemnitor shall be fully and promptly advised of all pertinent facts concerning the situation in question, and it is further understood that the indemnitee will use all reasonable care to notify the indemnitor promptly concerning any situation that presents or appears likely to present the probability of a claim for indemnification. The indemnitor shall have the option to defend the indemnitee against any claim that may be the subject of this indemnification. In the event that the indemnitor so elects, it will so notify the indemnitee and thereupon the indemnitor shall take over complete defense of the claim, and the indemnitee shall in such situation initiate no further legal or other expenses for which it shall seek indemnification under this section. The indemnitee shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnitor will be asked to indemnify the indemnitee except with the indemnitors prior written consent. |
C. |
The indemnity and defense provisions set forth in this Section 6 shall indefinitely survive the termination and/or assignment of this Agreement. |
D. |
If USBFS is acting in another capacity for the Fund pursuant to a separate agreement, nothing herein shall be deemed to relieve USBFS of any of its obligations in such other capacity. |
E. |
In conjunction with the tax services provided to the Fund by USBFS hereunder, USBFS shall not be deemed to act as an income tax return preparer for any purpose including as such term is defined under Section 7701(a)(36) of the Code, or any successor thereof. Any information provided by USBFS to a Fund for income tax reporting purposes with respect to any item of income, gain, loss, or credit will be performed solely in USBFS administrative capacity. USBFS shall not be required to determine, and shall not take any position with respect to whether, the reasonable belief standard described in Section 6694 of the Code has been satisfied with respect to any income tax item. The Fund, and any appointees thereof, shall have the right to inspect the transaction summaries produced and aggregated by USBFS, and any supporting documents thereto, in connection with the tax reporting services provided to the Fund by USBFS. USBFS shall not be liable for the provision or omission of any tax advice with respect to any information provided by USBFS to the Fund. The tax information provided by USBFS shall be pertinent to the data and information made available to us, and is neither derived from nor construed as tax advice. |
7. |
Data Necessary to Perform Services |
The Fund or its agent shall furnish to USBFS the data reasonably necessary to perform the services described herein at such times and in such form as mutually agreed upon.
8. |
Proprietary and Confidential Information |
USBFS agrees on behalf of itself and its directors, officers, and employees to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund, all records and other
9
information relative to the Fund and prior, present, or potential shareholders of the Fund (and clients of said shareholders), and not to use such records and information for any purpose other than the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except (i) after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where USBFS may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, (ii) when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, provided that USBFS will promptly notify the Fund of such request if permitted by applicable law, or (iii) when so requested by the Fund. Records and other information which have become known to the public through no wrongful act of USBFS or any of its employees, agents or representatives, and information that was already in the possession of USBFS prior to receipt thereof from the Fund or its agent, shall not be subject to this paragraph.
Further, USBFS will adhere to the privacy policies adopted by the Fund pursuant to Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, as may be modified from time to time. In this regard, USBFS shall have in place and maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards reasonably designed to protect the security, confidentiality and integrity of, and to prevent unauthorized access to or use of, records and information relating to the Fund and its shareholders.
9. |
Force Majeure |
Neither USBFS nor the Fund shall be liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fires; floods; wars; civil or military disturbances; acts of terrorism; sabotage; strikes; epidemics; riots; power failures; computer failure and any such circumstances beyond its reasonable control as may cause interruption, loss or malfunction of utility, transportation, computer (hardware or software) or telephone communication service; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority; governmental actions; or inability to obtain labor, material, equipment or transportation; provided, however, that in the event of a failure or delay, USBFS: (i) shall not discriminate against the Fund in favor of any other customer of USBFS in making computer time and personnel available to input or process the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (ii) shall use its best efforts to ameliorate the effects of any such failure or delay.
10. |
Records |
USBFS shall keep records relating to the services to be performed hereunder in the form and manner, and for such period, as it may deem advisable and is agreeable to the Fund, but not inconsistent with the rules and regulations of appropriate government authorities, in particular, Section 31 of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. USBFS agrees that all such records prepared or maintained by USBFS relating to the services to be performed by USBFS hereunder are the property of the Fund and will be preserved, maintained, and made available in accordance with such applicable sections and rules of the 1940 Act and will be
10
promptly surrendered to the Fund or its designee on and in accordance with its request.
11. |
Compliance with Laws |
The Fund has and retains primary responsibility for all compliance matters relating to the Fund, including but not limited to, compliance with the 1940 Act, the Code, the SOX Act, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the policies and limitations of the Fund relating to its portfolio investments as set forth in its Prospectus and SAI. USBFS services hereunder shall not relieve the Fund of its responsibilities for assuring such compliance or the Board of Trustees oversight responsibility with respect thereto.
12. |
Term of Agreement; Amendment |
This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above and will continue in effect for a period of three (3) years. This Agreement may be terminated by either party upon giving 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Subsequent to the end of the three (3) year term, this Agreement continues until one party gives 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter notice period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by any party upon the breach of the other party of any material term of this Agreement if such breach is not cured within 15 days of notice of such breach to the breaching party specifying in reasonable detail the nature of such breach. In addition, the Fund may, at any time, immediately terminate this Agreement in the event of: (i) the liquidation, dissolution or merger of the Fund, or (ii) the appointment of conservator or receiver for USBFS or its affiliates by regulatory authorities or upon the happening of any like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction. This Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by written agreement executed by USBFS and the Fund, and authorized or approved by the Board of Trustees.
13. |
Early Termination . In the absence of any material breach of this Agreement, should the Fund elect to terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the three (3) year term, the Fund agrees to pay the following fees: |
a. |
all monthly fees through the life of the Agreement, including the repayment of any negotiated discounts; |
b. |
all fees associated with converting services to successor service provider; |
c. |
all fees associated with any record retention and/or tax reporting obligations that may not be eliminated due to the conversion to a successor service provider; |
d. |
all miscellaneous costs associated with a. to c. above. |
14. |
Duties in the Event of Termination |
In the event that, in connection with termination, a successor to any of USBFSs duties or responsibilities hereunder is designated by the Fund by written notice to
11
USBFS, USBFS will promptly, upon such termination and at the expense (which shall include only reasonable and documented miscellaneous costs) of the Fund, transfer to such successor all relevant books, records, correspondence, and other data established or maintained by USBFS under this Agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Fund (if such form differs from the form in which USBFS has maintained the same, the Fund shall pay any reasonable and documented miscellaneous expenses associated with transferring the data to such form), and will cooperate in the transfer of such duties and responsibilities, including provision for assistance from USBFSs personnel in the establishment of books, records, and other data by such successor. If no such successor is designated, then such books, records and other data shall be returned to the Fund.
15. |
Assignment |
This Agreement shall extend to and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not be assignable by the Fund without the written consent of USBFS, or by USBFS without the written consent of the Fund accompanied by the authorization or approval of the Funds Board of Trustees.
16. |
Governing Law |
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflicts of law principles. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the Acts, the latter shall control, and nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the Acts or any rule or order of the SEC thereunder.
17. |
No Agency Relationship |
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or empower either party to act as agent for the other party to this Agreement, or to conduct business in the name, or for the account, of the other party to this Agreement.
18. |
Services Not Exclusive |
Nothing in this Agreement shall limit or restrict USBFS from providing services to other parties that are similar or identical to some or all of the services provided hereunder.
19. |
Invalidity |
Any provision of this Agreement that may be determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. In such case, the parties shall in good faith modify or substitute such provision consistent with the original intent of the parties.
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20. |
Legal-Related Services |
Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to appoint USBFS and its officers, directors and employees as the Fund attorneys, form attorney-client relationships or require the provision of legal advice. The Fund acknowledges that in-house USBFS attorneys exclusively represent USBFS and rely on outside counsel retained by the Fund to review all services provided by in-house USBFS attorneys and to provide independent judgment on the Funds behalf. Because no attorney-client relationship exists between in-house USBFS attorneys and the Fund, any information provided to USBFS attorneys may not be privileged and may be subject to compulsory disclosure under certain circumstances. USBFS represents that it will maintain the confidentiality of information disclosed to its in-house attorneys on a best efforts basis.
21. |
Notices |
Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given on the date delivered personally or by courier service, or three days after sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or on the date sent and confirmed received by facsimile transmission to the other partys address set forth below:
Notice to USBFS shall be sent to:
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Attn: President
and notice to the Fund shall be sent to:
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
One Buckhead Plaza
3060 Peachtree Road, NW
Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
Attn: General Counsel
Phone: (404) 637-0426
22. |
Multiple Originals |
This Agreement may be executed on two or more counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
13
23. |
Entire Agreement |
This Agreement, together with any exhibits, attachments, appendices or schedules expressly referenced herein, sets forth the sole and complete understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements relating thereto, whether written or oral, between the parties.
24. |
Trust Limitations |
This Agreement is executed by the Fund and the obligations hereunder are not binding on any of the trustees, officers or shareholders of the Fund individually but are binding only on the Fund and the assets and property of the Fund.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date last written below.
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
By: | /s/ Dory S. Black | |
Name: Title: Date: |
Dory S. Black President 8/1/18 |
U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: | /s/ Anita M. Zagrodnik | |
Name: Title: Date: |
Anita M. Zagrodnik Senior Vice President 8/1/18 |
14
Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement
Fund Administration & Fund Accounting Services Fee Schedule at March 2018
Fund Administration & Fund Accounting
Annual Fee Based Upon Average Total Assets for all closed end / interval funds in the complex
basis points on the first $
basis points on the balance
Minimum Annual Fee: $ per fund - $ for the first 12 months following each funds live date
NOTE: Conversion, multiple classes, master/feeder and multiple manager funds, and extraordinary services quoted separately.
All schedules subject to change depending upon use of unique security type requiring special pricing or accounting arrangements.
Data Services
Pricing Services
|
$ Domestic Equities, Options, ADRs, Foreign Equities, Futures, Forwards, Currency Rates, Mutual Funds, ETFs |
|
$ Domestic Corporates, Domestic Convertibles, Domestic Governments, Domestic Agencies, Mortgage Backed, Municipal Bonds |
|
$ CMOs, Money Market Instruments, Foreign Corporates, Foreign Convertibles, Foreign Governments, Foreign Agencies, Asset Backed, High Yield |
|
$ Interest Rate Swaps, Foreign Currency Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Total Return Bullet Swaps |
|
$ Bank Loans |
|
$ Swaptions |
|
$ Intraday money market funds pricing, up to 3 times per day |
|
$ Credit Default Swaps |
|
$ per Month Manual Security Pricing (> per day) |
Pricing fees to be charged for use of BAML through IDC are as follows:
Tier 1: $
Tier 2: $
Tier 3: $
Tier 4: $
Tier 5: $
Each securitys Tier to be charged is determined by the pricing vendor. Rates subject to change based on changes in costs from the underlying pricing service.
NOTE: Prices above are based on using BAML through IDC as the primary pricing service, with U.S. Bancorp pricing service as secondary source when BAML prices are not designated by Trust, which may vary by security type and are subject to change. Use of alternative and/or additional sources may result in additional fees. Pricing vendors may designate certain securities as hard to value or as a non-standard security type, such as CLOs and CDOs, which may result in additional fees.
Corporate Action and Factor Services (security paydown)
|
$ per Foreign Equity Security per Month |
|
$ per Domestic Equity Security per Month |
|
$ per CMOs, Asset Backed, Mortgage Backed Security per Month |
Third Party Administrative Data Charges (descriptive data for each security)
|
$ per security per month for fund administrative data |
Miscellaneous Expenses
All other miscellaneous fees and expenses, including but not limited to the following, will be separately billed as incurred:
Fair Value Services, SWIFT processing, customized reporting, third-party data provider costs,(including Bloomberg, S&P, Moodys, Morningstar, GICS, MSCI, Lipper, etc.), postage, stationery, programming, special reports, proxies, insurance, EDGAR/XBRL filing, tax e-filing, PFIC monitoring, wash sale reporting (Gainskeeper), retention of records, federal and state regulatory filing fees, expenses from Board of directors meetings, third party auditing and legal expenses, and conversion expenses (if necessary).
In addition to the fees described above, additional fees may be charged to the extent that changes to applicable laws, rules or regulations require additional work or expenses related to services provided (e.g., compliance with new liquidity risk management and reporting requirements). Fees are calculated pro rata and billed monthly.
15
Exhibit A (continued)
Fund Administration & Compliance Portfolio Services Supplemental Fee Schedule
Section 15(c) Reporting
|
$ per fund per first class |
|
$ / additional class report |
16
Exhibit B to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement
REQUIRED PROVISIONS OF MSCI, S&P and FACTSET
|
The Fund shall represent that it will use the Data solely for internal purposes and will not redistribute the Data in any form or manner to any third party. |
|
The Fund shall represent that it will not use or permit anyone else to use the Data in connection with creating, managing, advising, writing, trading, marketing or promoting any securities or financial instruments or products, including, but not limited to, funds, synthetic or derivative securities (e.g., options, warrants, swaps, and futures), whether listed on an exchange or traded over the counter or on a private-placement basis or otherwise or to create any indices (custom or otherwise). |
|
The Fund shall represent that it will treat the Data as proprietary to MSCI, S&P and FACTSET. Further, the Fund shall acknowledge that MSCI, S&P and FACTSET are the sole and exclusive owners of the Data and all trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property rights in or to the Data. |
|
The Fund shall represent that it will not (i) copy any component of the Data, (ii) alter, modify or adapt any component of the Data, including, but not limited to, translating, decompiling, disassembling, reverse engineering or creating derivative works, or (iii) make any component of the Data available to any other person or organization (including, without limitation, the Funds present and future parents, subsidiaries or affiliates) directly or indirectly, for any of the foregoing or for any other use, including, without limitation, by loan, rental, service bureau, external time sharing or similar arrangement. |
|
The Fund shall be obligated to reproduce on all permitted copies of the Data all copyright, proprietary rights and restrictive legends appearing on the Data. |
|
The Fund shall acknowledge that it assumes the entire risk of using the Data and shall agree to hold MSCI, S&P or FACTSET harmless from any claims that may arise in connection with any use of the Data by the Fund. |
|
The Fund shall acknowledge that MSCI, S&P and FACTSET may, in its sole and absolute discretion and at any time, terminate USBFS right to receive and/or use the Data. |
|
The Fund shall acknowledge that MSCI, S&P and FACTSET are third party beneficiaries of the Customer Agreement between S&P, MSCI and FACTSET and USBFS, entitled to enforce all provisions of such agreement relating to the Data. |
THE DATA IS PROVIDED TO THE FUND ON AN AS IS BASIS. USBFS, ITS INFORMATION PROVIDERS, AND ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY INVOLVED IN OR RELATED TO THE MAKING OR COMPILING OF THE DATA MAKE NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE DATA (OR THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE USE THEREOF). USBFS, ITS INFORMATION PROVIDERS AND ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY INVOLVED IN OR RELATED TO THE MAKING OR COMPILING OF THE DATA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
17
THE FUND ASSUMES THE ENTIRE RISK OF ANY USE THE FUND MAY MAKE OF THE DATA. IN NO EVENT SHALL USBFS, ITS INFORMATION PROVIDERS OR ANY THIRD PARTY INVOLVED IN OR RELATED TO THE MAKING OR COMPILING OF THE DATA, BE LIABLE TO THE FUND , OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY, FOR ANY DIRECT OR INDIRECT DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR THE INABILITY OF THE FUND TO USE THE DATA, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, EVEN IF USBFS, ANY OF ITS INFORMATION PROVIDERS, OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY INVOLVED IN OR RELATED TO THE MAKING OR COMPILING OF THE DATA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF OR OTHERWISE MIGHT HAVE ANTICIPATED THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
18
FUND ACCOUNTING SERVICING AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into by and between ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIC INCOME TERM TRUST, a Delaware statutory trust (the Fund), and U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC , a Wisconsin limited liability company (USBFS).
WHEREAS, the Fund will be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as a closed-end management investment company and shares of the Fund will be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act and together with the 1940 Act, the Acts); and
WHEREAS, USBFS is, among other things, in the business of providing accounting services to investment companies; and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain USBFS to provide accounting services.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants herein contained, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby agree as follows:
1. |
Appointment of USBFS as Fund Accountant |
The Fund hereby appoints USBFS as fund accountant of the Fund on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and USBFS hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the services and duties set forth in this Agreement. The services and duties of USBFS shall be confined to those matters expressly set forth herein, and no implied duties are assumed by or may be asserted against USBFS hereunder.
2. |
Services and Duties of USBFS |
USBFS shall provide the following accounting services to the Fund:
A. |
Portfolio Accounting Services: |
(1) |
Maintain portfolio records on a trade date+1 basis using security trade information communicated from the Funds investment adviser. |
(2) |
For each valuation date, obtain prices from a pricing source approved by the board of trustees of the Fund (the Board of Trustees) and apply those prices to the portfolio positions. For those securities where market quotations are not readily available, the Board of Trustees shall approve, in good faith, procedures for determining the fair value for such securities. |
(3) |
Identify interest and dividend accrual balances as of each valuation date and calculate gross earnings on investments for each accounting period. |
1
(4) |
Determine gain/loss on security sales and identify them as short-term or long-term; account for periodic distributions of gains or losses to shareholders and maintain undistributed gain or loss balances as of each valuation date. |
(5) |
On a daily basis, reconcile cash of the Fund with the Funds custodian. |
(6) |
Transmit a copy of the portfolio valuation to the Funds investment adviser daily. |
(7) |
Review the impact of current days activity on a per share basis, and review changes in market value. |
B. |
Expense Accrual and Payment Services: |
(1) |
For each valuation date, calculate the expense accrual amounts as directed by the Fund as to methodology, rate or dollar amount. |
(2) |
Process and record payments for Fund expenses upon receipt of written authorization from the Fund. |
(3) |
Account for Fund expenditures and maintain expense accrual balances at the level of accounting detail, as agreed upon by USBFS and the Fund. |
(4) |
Provide expense accrual and payment reporting. |
C. |
Fund Valuation and Financial Reporting Services: |
(1) |
Account for Fund share purchases, sales, exchanges, transfers, dividend reinvestments, and other Fund share activity as reported by the Funds transfer agent on a timely basis. |
(2) |
Determine net investment income (earnings) for the Fund as of each valuation date. Account for periodic distributions of earnings to shareholders and maintain undistributed net investment income balances as of each valuation date. |
(3) |
Maintain a general ledger and other accounts, books, and financial records for the Fund. |
(4) |
Determine the net asset value of the Fund according to the accounting policies and procedures set forth in the Funds current prospectus. |
(5) |
Calculate per share net asset value, per share net earnings, and other per share amounts reflective of Fund operations at such time as required by the nature and characteristics of the Fund. |
2
(6) |
Communicate to the Fund, at an agreed upon time, the per share net asset value for each valuation date. |
(7) |
Prepare monthly reports that document the adequacy of accounting detail to support month-end ledger balances. |
(8) |
Prepare monthly security transactions listings. |
D. |
Tax Accounting Services: |
(1) |
Maintain accounting records for the investment portfolio of the Fund to support the tax reporting required for regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). |
(2) |
Maintain tax lot detail for the Funds investment portfolio. |
(3) |
Calculate taxable gain/loss on security sales using the tax lot relief method designated by the Fund. |
(4) |
Provide the necessary financial information to calculate the taxable components of income and capital gains distributions to support tax reporting to the shareholders. |
E. |
Compliance Control Services: |
(1) |
Support reporting to regulatory bodies and support financial statement preparation by making the Funds accounting records available to the Fund, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), and the independent accountants. |
(2) |
Maintain accounting records required by the 1940 Act and regulations provided thereunder. |
(3) |
Perform its duties hereunder in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and provide any sub-certifications reasonably requested by the Fund in connection with any certification required of the Fund pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the SOX Act) or any rules or regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder, provided the same shall not be deemed to change USBFS standard of care as set forth herein. |
(4) |
In order to assist the Fund in satisfying the requirements of Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act (the Rule), USBFS will provide the Funds Chief Compliance Officer with reasonable access to USBFS Fund records relating to the services provided by it under this Agreement, and will provide quarterly compliance reports and related certifications regarding any Material Compliance Matter (as defined in the Rule) involving USBFS that affect or could affect the Fund. |
3
(5) |
Cooperate with the Funds independent accountants and take all reasonable action in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement to ensure that the necessary information is made available to such accountants for the expression of their opinion on the Funds financial statements without any qualification as to the scope of their examination. |
3. |
License of Data; Warranty; Termination of Rights |
A. |
The valuation information and evaluations being provided to the Fund by USBFS pursuant hereto (collectively, the Data) are being licensed, not sold, to the Fund. The Fund has a limited license to use the Data only for purposes necessary to valuing the Funds assets and reporting to regulatory bodies (the License). The Fund does not have any license nor right to use the Data for purposes beyond the intentions of this Agreement including, but not limited to, resale to other users or use to create any type of historical database. The License is non-transferable and not sub-licensable. The Funds right to use the Data cannot be passed to or shared with any other entity. |
The Fund acknowledges the proprietary rights that USBFS and its suppliers have in the Data.
B. |
THE FUND HEREBY ACCEPTS THE DATA AS IS, WHERE IS, WITH NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE OR ANY OTHER MATTER. |
C. |
USBFS may stop supplying some or all Data to the Fund if USBFS suppliers terminate any agreement to provide Data to USBFS. Also, USBFS may stop supplying some or all Data to the Fund if USBFS reasonably believes that the Fund is using the Data in violation of the License, or breaching its duties of confidentiality provided for hereunder, or if any of USBFS suppliers demand that the Data be withheld from the Fund. USBFS will provide notice to the Fund of any termination of provision of Data as soon as reasonably possible. |
4. |
Pricing of Securities |
A. |
For each valuation date, USBFS shall obtain prices from a pricing source recommended by USBFS and approved by the Board of Trustees and apply those prices to the portfolio positions of the Fund. For those securities where market quotations are not readily available, the Board of Trustees shall approve, in good faith, procedures for determining the fair value for such securities. |
If the Fund desires to provide a price that varies from the price provided by the pricing source, the Fund shall promptly notify and supply USBFS with the price
4
of any such security on each valuation date. All pricing changes made by the Fund will be in writing and must specifically identify the securities to be changed by CUSIP, name of security, new price or rate to be applied, and, if applicable, the time period for which the new price(s) is/are effective.
B. |
In the event that the Fund at any time receives Data containing evaluations, rather than market quotations, for certain securities or certain other data related to such securities, the following provisions will apply: (i) evaluated securities are typically complicated financial instruments. There are many methodologies (including computer-based analytical modeling and individual security evaluations) available to generate approximations of the market value of such securities, and there is significant professional disagreement about which method is best. No evaluation method, including those used by USBFS and its suppliers, may consistently generate approximations that correspond to actual traded prices of the securities; (ii) methodologies used to provide the pricing portion of certain Data may rely on evaluations; however, the Fund acknowledges that there may be errors or defects in the software, databases, or methodologies generating the evaluations that may cause resultant evaluations to be inappropriate for use in certain applications; and (iii) the Fund assumes all responsibility for edit checking, external verification of evaluations, and ultimately the appropriateness of using Data containing evaluations, regardless of any efforts made by USBFS and its suppliers in this respect. |
5. |
Changes in Accounting Procedures |
Any resolution passed by the Board of Trustees that affects accounting practices and procedures under this Agreement shall be effective upon written receipt of notice and acceptance by USBFS.
6. |
Changes in Equipment, Systems, Etc. |
USBFS reserves the right to make changes from time to time, as it deems advisable, relating to its systems, programs, rules, operating schedules and equipment, so long as such changes do not adversely affect the services provided to the Fund under this Agreement.
7. |
Compensation |
USBFS shall be compensated for providing the services set forth in this Agreement in accordance with the fee schedule set forth on Exhibit A hereto (as amended from time to time). USBFS shall also be reimbursed for such miscellaneous expenses set forth in Exhibit A hereto as are reasonably incurred and documented by USBFS in performing its duties hereunder. The Fund shall pay all such fees and reimbursable expenses within 30 calendar days following receipt of the billing notice, except for any fee or expense subject to a good faith dispute. The Fund shall notify USBFS in writing within 30 calendar days following receipt of each invoice if the Fund is disputing any amounts in good faith. The Fund shall pay such disputed amounts within 10 calendar days of the day
5
on which the parties agree to the amount to be paid. With the exception of any fee or expense the Fund is disputing in good faith as set forth above, unpaid invoices shall accrue a finance charge of 1 1 ⁄ 2 % per month after the due date. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, amounts owed by the Fund to USBFS shall only be paid out of the assets and property of the Fund.
8. |
Representations and Warranties |
A. |
The Fund hereby represents and warrants to USBFS, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that: |
(1) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(2) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; and |
(3) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its declaration of trust, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. |
B. |
USBFS hereby represents and warrants to the Fund, which representations and warranties shall be deemed to be continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, that: |
(1) |
It is duly organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with full power to carry on its business as now conducted, to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; |
(2) |
This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by USBFS in accordance with all requisite action and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of USBFS, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties; and |
6
(3) |
It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its charter, bylaws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. |
9. |
Standard of Care; Indemnification; Limitation of Liability |
A. |
USBFS shall exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. Neither USBFS nor its suppliers shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund or any third party in connection with its duties under this Agreement, including losses resulting from mechanical breakdowns or the failure of communication or power supplies beyond USBFS control, except any losses arising out of or relating to USBFS refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement or applicable law, or its bad faith, fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if USBFS has exercised reasonable care in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Fund shall indemnify and hold harmless USBFS and its suppliers from and against any and all actual claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) that USBFS or its suppliers may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against USBFS or its suppliers by any person arising out of or related to (X) any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in performing the services hereunder (i) in accordance with the foregoing standards, or (ii) in reasonable reliance upon any written or oral instruction provided to USBFS by any duly authorized officer of the Fund, as approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund, or (Y) the Data, or any information, service, report, analysis or publication derived therefrom, provided that USBFS shall be liable for any errors or omissions in its own calculations contained in such information, service, report or analysis, except for any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities arising out of or relating to USBFS refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement or its bad faith, fraud, negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of the Fund, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. USBFS will act in a commercially reasonable manner to mitigate any losses, expenses or liabilities it may suffer. As used in this paragraph, the term USBFS shall include USBFS directors, officers and employees. USBFS shall endeavor to provide the Fund such reasonable estimates, including reasonable estimates related to amounts incurred for services provided hereunder, in connection with claims for which USBFS seeks indemnity from the Fund. |
The Fund acknowledges that the Data are intended for use as an aid to institutional investors, registered brokers or professionals of similar sophistication in making informed judgments concerning securities. The Fund accepts
7
responsibility for, and acknowledges it exercises its own independent judgment in, its selection of the Data, its selection of the use or intended use of such, and any results obtained. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to be a waiver of any rights existing under applicable law for the protection of investors.
USBFS shall indemnify and hold the Fund harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, expenses, and liabilities of any and every nature (including reasonable attorneys fees) that the Fund may sustain or incur or that may be asserted against the Fund by any person arising out of any action taken or omitted to be taken by USBFS as a result of USBFS refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, or from its bad faith, fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. This indemnity shall be a continuing obligation of USBFS, its successors and assigns, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. As used in this paragraph, the term Fund shall include the Funds trustees, officers and employees.
In the event of a mechanical breakdown or failure of communication or power supplies beyond its control, USBFS shall take all reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions for any period that such interruption continues. USBFS will make every reasonable effort to restore any lost or damaged data and correct any errors resulting from such a breakdown at the expense of USBFS. USBFS agrees that it shall, at all times, have reasonable business continuity and disaster recovery contingency plans with appropriate parties, making reasonable provision for emergency use of electrical data processing equipment to the extent appropriate equipment is available. Representatives of the Fund shall be entitled to inspect USBFS premises and operating capabilities at any time during regular business hours of USBFS, upon reasonable notice to USBFS. Moreover, USBFS shall provide the Fund, at such times as the Fund may reasonably require, copies of reports rendered by independent accountants on the internal controls and procedures of USBFS relating to the services provided by USBFS under this Agreement.
Notwithstanding the above, USBFS reserves the right to reprocess and correct administrative errors at its own expense.
In no case shall either party be liable to the other for (i) any special, indirect or consequential damages, loss of profits or goodwill (even if advised of the possibility of such); (ii) any delay by reason of circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including acts of civil or military authority, national emergencies, labor difficulties, fire, mechanical breakdown, flood or catastrophe, acts of God, insurrection, war, terrorism, riots, or failure beyond its reasonable control of transportation or power supply; or (iii) any claim that arose more than one year prior to the institution of suit therefor.
B. |
In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this section shall apply, it is understood that if in any case the indemnitor may be asked to indemnify or |
8
hold the indemnitee harmless, the indemnitor shall be fully and promptly advised of all pertinent facts concerning the situation in question, and it is further understood that the indemnitee will use all reasonable care to notify the indemnitor promptly concerning any situation that presents or appears likely to present the probability of a claim for indemnification. The indemnitor shall have the option to defend the indemnitee against any claim that may be the subject of this indemnification. In the event that the indemnitor so elects, it will so notify the indemnitee and thereupon the indemnitor shall take over complete defense of the claim, and the indemnitee shall in such situation initiate no further legal or other expenses for which it shall seek indemnification under this section. The indemnitee shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnitor will be asked to indemnify the indemnitee except with the indemnitors prior written consent. |
C. |
The indemnity and defense provisions set forth in this Section 9 shall indefinitely survive the termination and/or assignment of this Agreement. |
D. |
If USBFS is acting in another capacity for the Fund pursuant to a separate agreement, nothing herein shall be deemed to relieve USBFS of any of its obligations in such other capacity. |
10. |
Notification of Error |
The Fund will notify USBFS of any discrepancy between USBFS and the Fund, including, but not limited to, failing to account for a security position in the Funds portfolio, upon the later to occur of: (i) three business days after receipt of any reports rendered by USBFS to the Fund; (ii) three business days after discovery of any error or omission not covered in the balancing or control procedure; or (iii) three business days after receiving notice from any shareholder regarding any such discrepancy.
11. |
Data Necessary to Perform Services |
The Fund or its agent shall furnish to USBFS the data reasonably necessary to perform the services described herein at such times and in such form as mutually agreed upon.
12. |
Proprietary and Confidential Information |
A. |
USBFS agrees on behalf of itself and its directors, officers, and employees to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund, all records and other information relative to the Fund and prior, present, or potential shareholders of the Fund (and clients of said shareholders), and not to use such records and information for any purpose other than the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except (i) after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where USBFS may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, (ii) when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, provided that USBFS will promptly notify the Fund of |
9
such request if permitted by applicable law, or (iii) when so requested by the Fund. Records and other information which have become known to the public through no wrongful act of USBFS or any of its employees, agents or representatives, and information that was already in the possession of USBFS prior to receipt thereof from the Fund or its agent, shall not be subject to this paragraph. |
Further, USBFS will adhere to the privacy policies adopted by the Fund pursuant to Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, as may be modified from time to time. In this regard, USBFS shall have in place and maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards reasonably designed to protect the security, confidentiality and integrity of, and to prevent unauthorized access to or use of, records and information relating to the Fund and its shareholders.
B. |
The Fund, on behalf of itself and its trustees, officers, and employees, will maintain the confidential and proprietary nature of the Data and agrees to protect it using the same efforts, but in no case less than reasonable efforts, that it uses to protect its own proprietary and confidential information. |
13. |
Records |
USBFS shall keep records relating to the services to be performed hereunder in the form and manner, and for such period, as it may deem advisable and is agreeable to the Fund, but not inconsistent with the rules and regulations of appropriate government authorities, in particular, Section 31 of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. USBFS agrees that all such records prepared or maintained by USBFS relating to the services to be performed by USBFS hereunder are the property of the Fund and will be preserved, maintained, and made available in accordance with such applicable sections and rules of the 1940 Act and will be promptly surrendered to the Fund or its designee on and in accordance with its request.
14. |
Compliance with Laws |
The Fund has and retains primary responsibility for all compliance matters relating to the Fund, including but not limited to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Code, the SOX Act, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the policies and limitations of the Fund relating to its portfolio investments as set forth in its current prospectus and statement of additional information. USBFS services hereunder shall not relieve the Fund of its responsibilities for assuring such compliance or the Board of Trustees oversight responsibility with respect thereto.
15. |
Term of Agreement; Amendment |
This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above and will continue in effect for a period of three (3) years. This Agreement may be terminated by either party upon giving 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter notice period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Subsequent to the end of the
10
three (3) year period, this Agreement continues until one party gives 90 days prior written notice to the other party or such shorter notice period as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by any party upon the breach of the other party of any material term of this Agreement if such breach is not cured within 15 days of notice of such breach to the breaching party specifying in reasonable detail the nature of such breach. In addition, the Fund may, at any time, immediately terminate this Agreement in the event of: (i) the liquidation, dissolution or merger of the Fund, or (ii) the appointment of conservator or receiver for USBFS or its affiliates by regulatory authorities or upon the happening of any like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction. This Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by written agreement executed by USBFS and the Fund, and authorized or approved by the Board of Trustees.
16. |
Early Termination |
In the absence of any material breach of this Agreement, should the Fund elect to terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the three (3) year term, the Fund agrees to pay the following fees:
a. |
all monthly fees through the life of the Agreement, including the repayment of any negotiated discounts; |
b. |
all fees associated with converting services to successor service provider; |
c. |
all fees associated with any record retention and/or tax reporting obligations that may not be eliminated due to the conversion to a successor service provider; |
d. |
all miscellaneous costs associated with a. to c. above. |
17. |
Duties in the Event of Termination |
In the event that, in connection with termination, a successor to any of USBFS duties or responsibilities hereunder is designated by the Fund by written notice to USBFS, USBFS will promptly, upon such termination and at the expense (which shall include only reasonable and documented miscellaneous costs) of the Fund, transfer to such successor all relevant books, records, correspondence and other data established or maintained by USBFS under this Agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Fund (if such form differs from the form in which USBFS has maintained the same, the Fund shall pay any reasonable and documented miscellaneous expenses associated with transferring the data to such form), and will cooperate in the transfer of such duties and responsibilities, including provision for assistance from USBFS personnel in the establishment of books, records and other data by such successor. If no such successor is designated, then such books, records and other data shall be returned to the Fund.
18. |
Assignment |
This Agreement shall extend to and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not be
11
assignable by the Fund without the written consent of USBFS, or by USBFS without the written consent of the Fund accompanied by the authorization or approval of the Funds Board of Trustees.
19. |
Governing Law |
This Agreement shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflicts of law principles. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control, and nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the 1940 Act or any rule or order of the SEC thereunder
20. |
No Agency Relationship |
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or empower either party to act as agent for the other party to this Agreement, or to conduct business in the name, or for the account, of the other party to this Agreement.
21. |
Services Not Exclusive |
Nothing in this Agreement shall limit or restrict USBFS from providing services to other parties that are similar or identical to some or all of the services provided hereunder.
22. |
Invalidity |
Any provision of this Agreement which may be determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. In such case, the parties shall in good faith modify or substitute such provision consistent with the original intent of the parties.
23. |
Notices |
Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given on the date delivered personally or by courier service, or three days after sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or on the date sent and confirmed received by facsimile transmission to the other partys address set forth below:
Notice to USBFS shall be sent to:
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
12
Attention:
Phone:
Fax:
and notice to the Fund shall be sent to:
Angel Oak Financial Strategic Income Term Trust
One Buckhead Plaza
3060 Peachtree Road, NW
Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
Attention: General Counsel
Phone: (404) 637-0426
Fax: (404) 953-4988
24. |
Multiple Originals |
This Agreement may be executed on two or more counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
25. |
Entire Agreement |
This Agreement, together with any exhibits, attachments, appendices or schedules expressly referenced herein, sets forth the sole and complete understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements relating thereto, whether written or oral, between the parties.
26. |
Trust Limitations |
This Agreement is executed by the Fund and the obligations hereunder are not binding on any of the trustees, officers or shareholders of the Fund individually but are binding only on the Fund and the assets and property of the Fund.
Signatures on the following page
13
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date last written below.
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIC INCOME TERM TRUST
By: |
/s/ Dory S. Black |
|
Name: | Dory S. Black | |
Title: | President | |
Date: | 8/1/18 |
U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: |
/s/ Anita M. Zagrodnik |
|
Name: | Anita M. Zagrodnik | |
Title: | Senior Vice President | |
Date: | 8/1/18 |
14
Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement
Fund Administration & Fund Accounting Services Fee Schedule at March, 2018
Fund Administration & Fund Accounting
Annual Fee Based Upon Average Total Assets for all closed end / interval funds in the complex
basis points on the first $
basis points on the balance
Minimum Annual Fee: $ per fund$ for the first 12 months following each funds live date
NOTE: Conversion, multiple classes, master/feeder and multiple manager funds, and extraordinary services quoted separately.
All schedules subject to change depending upon use of unique security type requiring special pricing or accounting arrangements.
Data Services
Pricing Services
|
$ Domestic Equities, Options, ADRs, Foreign Equities, Futures, Forwards, Currency Rates, Mutual Funds, ETFs |
|
$ Domestic Corporates, Domestic Convertibles, Domestic Governments, Domestic Agencies, Mortgage Backed, Municipal Bonds |
|
$ CMOs, Money Market Instruments, Foreign Corporates, Foreign Convertibles, Foreign Governments, Foreign Agencies, Asset Backed, High Yield |
|
$ Interest Rate Swaps, Foreign Currency Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Total Return Bullet Swaps |
|
$ Bank Loans |
|
$ Swaptions |
|
$ Intraday money market funds pricing, up to 3 times per day |
|
$ Credit Default Swaps |
|
$ per Month Manual Security Pricing (> per day) |
Pricing fees to be charged for use of BAML through IDC are as follows:
Tier 1: $
Tier 2: $
Tier 3: $
Tier 4: $
Tier 5: $
Each securitys Tier to be charged is determined by the pricing vendor. Rates subject to change based on changes in costs from the underlying pricing service.
NOTE: Prices above are based on using BAML through IDC as the primary pricing service, with U.S. Bancorp pricing service as secondary source when BAML prices are not designated by Trust, which may vary by security type and are subject to change. Use of alternative and/or additional sources may result in additional fees. Pricing vendors may designate certain securities as hard to value or as a non-standard security type, such as CLOs and CDOs, which may result in additional fees.
Corporate Action and Factor Services (security paydown)
|
$ per Foreign Equity Security per Month |
|
$ per Domestic Equity Security per Month |
|
$ per CMOs, Asset Backed, Mortgage Backed Security per Month |
Third Party Administrative Data Charges (descriptive data for each security)
|
$ per security per month for fund administrative data |
Miscellaneous Expenses
All other miscellaneous fees and expenses, including but not limited to the following, will be separately billed as incurred:
Fair Value Services, SWIFT processing, customized reporting, third-party data provider costs,(including Bloomberg, S&P, Moodys, Morningstar, GICS, MSCI, Lipper, etc.), postage, stationery, programming, special reports, proxies, insurance, EDGAR/XBRL filing, tax e-filing, PFIC monitoring, wash sale reporting (Gainskeeper), retention of records, federal and state regulatory filing fees, expenses from Board of directors meetings, third party auditing and legal expenses, and conversion expenses (if necessary).
In addition to the fees described above, additional fees may be charged to the extent that changes to applicable laws, rules or regulations require additional work or expenses related to services provided (e.g., compliance with new liquidity risk management and reporting requirements). Fees are calculated pro rata and billed monthly.
15
SECONDARY MARKET SUPPORT SERVICES AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made as of March 20, 2019, by and among Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust, a closed-end investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and organized as a Delaware statutory trust (Fund), Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Adviser), and Destra Capital Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Destra).
WHEREAS, the Fund is operated as a closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act and its common shares (Common Shares) are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act);
WHEREAS, Adviser is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and is the investment adviser to the Fund; and
WHEREAS, the Fund and Adviser wish to retain Destra to provide the Services (as defined herein) under the terms and conditions stated herein, and Destra is willing to provide such Services for the compensation set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants contained herein, and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. |
APPOINTMENT. The Fund and Adviser hereby retains Destra to furnish, and Destra hereby agrees to furnish, the Services. |
2. |
SERVICES AND DUTIES OF DESTRA. From the date of this Agreement until the termination or expiration of this Agreement, Destra shall: |
(a) |
provide ongoing contact with respect to the Fund and its performance with financial advisors that are representatives of financial intermediaries, including providing investor relations materials (to the extent deemed advisable by Destra) that are prepared by, or reviewed and approved by, the Adviser and/or the Fund, with a view to keeping such financial advisors informed regarding the benefits to their clients of investing in the Fund; |
(b) |
respond to questions from shareholders, prospective shareholders, financial advisors and the public regarding the Fund; |
(c) |
communicate with the stock exchange specialist for the Funds shares, and with the closed-end fund analyst community regarding the Fund on a regular basis (no less frequently than quarterly); |
(d) |
host an annual conference or meetings with the closed-end fund analyst community at which the Fund and its portfolio managers will be highlighted; |
(e) |
at the election of the Fund, host the Funds website and maintain such website with such information about the Fund as is initially agreed by Destra, Adviser and the Fund, with performance, financial and other data regarding the Fund to be provided to Destra by the Fund or Adviser promptly as such data becomes available, and with such other information about the Fund to be provided to Destra by the Fund or Adviser from time to time. Such services shall include the following: |
(i) |
ensure all updates to the Funds website are completed within a timely manner; |
(ii) |
provide data, software and hardware security protections for the Funds website consistent with best industry practices, including but not limited to use of network firewalls, the latest patches and restrictive access to data networks and server equipment; secure or back-up all data, files, file systems and other material used on the Funds website and storing such material (i) in a different city from where such website is hosted and (ii) in a manner that can be retrieved easily and economically in the case of data and file loss; |
(iii) |
restore promptly the operation of the Funds website in the event of disaster or other event that halts or significantly interferes with the operation of the servers hosting the Funds website; |
(iv) |
provide periodic check-ups to ensure the Funds website is up to date, that the Funds domain name directs and resolves to the Funds website and that all links within the Funds website function as intended; |
(v) |
provide information of each time the Funds website is accessed and indicating the time allotment as well as the materials accessed and providing such information to management of the Fund on a quarterly basis (unless reasonably requested by management of the Fund more frequently); and |
(vi) |
provide necessary ongoing technical assistance with respect to subclauses (i) through (v); |
(f) |
provide quarterly reports to the Fund and its Board of Trustees summarizing Destras activities in respect of the Fund; and |
(g) |
at the election of the Fund, assist in the solicitation of proxies from shareholders; |
(h) |
in the event the Fund conducts a rights offering or a secondary offering of securities, at the request of the Fund, assist in the structuring of the offering and the development of communications to the public and to financial advisers regarding the offerings; |
(i) |
be available to assist in the development of communications regarding modifications to the Funds structure, dividends, investment policies or otherwise; |
(j) |
make necessary filings with FINRA or other regulators of Fund communications with the public and assure compliance by the Fund with applicable regulatory requirements in connection with communications to the public, as well as financial intermediaries and analysts; |
(k) |
maintain a dedicated toll-free number for shareholder support and marketing requests on an ongoing basis; and |
(l) |
provide such other services as to which the Fund and Destra may from time to time mutually agree (collectively, (a) through (g), the Services). |
Destra acknowledges and agrees that it is not authorized to provide any information or make any representation regarding the Fund or the Common Shares other than (i) information contained in the Funds public statements or filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) and (ii) any other information approved in writing by the Fund for use by Destra in connection with the performance of the Services by Destra.
3. |
COMPLIANCE WITH THE FUNDS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAW. In all matters pertaining to the performance of this Agreement, Destra will act in accordance with the written directions of the Adviser and the Fund, and will conform to, and comply with, the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and state securities laws and regulations. |
4. |
EXCLUSIVITY. The services of Destra hereunder are not deemed to be exclusive, and Destra and its officers, employees and affiliates may without the prior written consent of the Fund, render such services to others. |
5. |
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF DESTRA. |
(a) |
Destra represents and warrants that (i) it has obtained all necessary registrations, licenses and approvals in order to perform the Services contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) is registered as a registered investment adviser with the SEC. Destra covenants to maintain all necessary registrations, licenses and approvals to perform the Services contemplated by this Agreement in effect during the term of this Agreement. |
(b) |
Destra agrees that it shall promptly notify Adviser and the Fund (i) in the event that the SEC or any other authority (including any self-regulatory or state authority) has censured its activities, functions or operations, |
3
suspended or revoked any registration, license or approval, or has commenced proceedings or an investigation that may result in any of these actions, (ii) before there is a change of control of Destra or any change in the senior management of Destra or (iii) of any change to Destra that is reasonably expected to adversely affect its ability to perform the Services contemplated by this Agreement. |
(c) |
Destra represents and warrants that (i) it is a validly existing entity and has full limited liability company power and authority to perform its obligations under this Agreement, (ii) this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on its behalf and constitutes its binding and enforceable obligation in accordance with its terms and (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the incurrence of the obligations herein set forth and the performance of the Services will not constitute a breach of, or default under, its constituent documents, other instruments to which Destra is a party or by which Destra is bound or affected, or under any order, rule or regulation applicable to it of any court or any governmental body or administrative agency having jurisdiction over it. |
(d) |
Destra acknowledges that it shall act as an independent contractor in providing the Services. |
(e) |
Destra acknowledges and agrees that none of the Fund, or the legal or accounting advisors to the Fund with respect to the Fund, is an advisor to Destra as to legal, tax, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction and Destra shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the Services contemplated hereby. |
(f) |
Destra represents and warrants that (i) it has not compensated, directly or indirectly, any third party in connection with securing the Fund as a client and (ii) it will not share its fees with any third party, without the prior written consent of the Fund. |
(g) |
Destra acknowledges that all rights and interests to the Funds domain name are owned by the Fund. |
6. |
PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES STANDARDS. |
(a) |
Destra shall perform the Services (i) using sound, commercial practices and in a competent and professional manner by personnel who are knowledgeable, qualified and trained in performing each of the Services and (ii) in accordance with any written direction by the Fund in order for the Fund to ensure that such Services are in compliance with the Funds legal, regulatory and compliance obligations. |
4
(b) |
Destra shall cooperate with the authorized directors, officers, employees, subcontractors and agents of the Fund in performing Services as reasonably requested by the Fund. |
(c) |
Destra shall use best industry practices to scan for any computer viruses, worms, time bombs, Trojan horses or other harmful or destructive code in performing the Services, as applicable. |
(d) |
Destra shall ensure that the Funds domain name shall direct and resolve to the Funds website. |
(e) |
At the election of the Fund, Destra shall ensure that the Funds website and the related Services performed hereunder, as applicable, shall conform to and operate in accordance with functional and technical specifications, as agreed by Destra and the Fund. |
(f) |
At the election of the Fund, Destra shall operate the Funds website such that the Funds website shall not infringe, violate, misappropriate or misuse the patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, privacy rights or other intellectual property of any party; provided, that, Destra shall not be responsible for any material, marks or intellectual property provided by the Fund. |
(g) |
At the election of the Fund, Destra shall operate the Funds website, including the collection and processing of data relating to persons, in a manner not to infringe on any applicable law, including without limitation applicable privacy laws. |
7. |
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE FUND. |
(a) |
The Fund agrees with Destra that it shall promptly notify Destra (i) in the event that the SEC or any other regulatory authority has censured in writing the Funds or the Advisers activities, functions or operations, suspended or revoked any registration, license or approval, or has commenced proceedings that may result in any of these actions, (ii) in the event that there is a change of control of the Fund or (iii) of any change to the Fund that materially and adversely affects the Funds ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement. |
(b) |
The Fund represents and warrants to Destra that (i) it is a validly existing entity and has the corporate power and authority under applicable laws and by its organizational documents to perform its obligations under this Agreement, (ii) this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on its behalf and constitutes its binding and enforceable obligation in accordance with its terms, and (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the incurrence of its obligations herein set |
5
forth and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein will not constitute a breach of, or default under, its constituent documents, other instruments to which the Fund is a party or by which the Fund is bound or affected, or under any order, rule or regulation applicable to it of any court or any governmental body or administrative agency having jurisdiction over. |
8. |
COMPENSATION. |
(a) |
As compensation for the Services to be provided by Destra under this Agreement, Adviser shall pay to Destra a monthly services fee calculated in an annual amount equal to (i) 0.12% (12 bps) of the average aggregate daily value of the Funds Managed Assets for one year commencing on upon the IPO listing and (ii) an annual amount equal to 0.10% (10 bps) of the average aggregate daily value of the Funds Managed Assets if the Funds Managed Assets are less than $500 million or 0.07% (7 bps) if the Funds Managed Assets are greater than $500 million determined on the anniversary of the IPO listing from year 2 through the full term of the Fund. Such fee shall be accrued and paid in the same manner, over the same period and paid on the same day as the Advisers investment advisory fee is paid by the Fund pursuant to that certain investment advisory agreement between the Fund and Adviser (the Services Fee). |
(b) |
If this Agreement is terminated, other than pursuant to Sections 11(b)(ii), Adviser shall pay within 30 days of the termination date to Destra the pro-rata portion of the Services Fee computed on the average aggregate daily Managed Assets for the unpaid period preceding the termination date. |
9. |
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF DESTRA. Destra will not be liable for any act or omission or for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by the Adviser or the Fund in connection with the performance of the Services by Destra under this Agreement, except a loss directly or indirectly resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on Destras part in the performance of its duties, from the reckless disregard by Destra of its duties under this Agreement or the material breach by Destra of any of Destras representations, warranties or covenants hereunder (Destra Disabling Conduct). |
The Fund agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Destra, and any person who controls Destra within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (collectively, Destra Indemnified Persons), against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees of one counsel incurred in connection therewith) which Destra Indemnified Persons may incur arising out of or relating to providing the Services under this Agreement, but only to the extent that such claims, demands, liabilities and expenses do not arise out of or are not based upon Destra Disabling Conduct.
6
10. |
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF THE FUND. The Fund will not be liable for any act or omission or for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by Destra in connection with the performance of the Funds duties under this Agreement, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from the reckless disregard by it of its duties under this Agreement or the material breach by the Fund of any of the Funds representations, warranties or covenants hereunder (Fund Disabling Conduct). |
Destra agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Fund, the Adviser, each of their officers, directors and agents, and any person who controls the Adviser or the Fund within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (collectively, Fund Indemnified Persons), against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees of one counsel for the Fund incurred in connection therewith) that any Fund Indemnified Persons may incur arising out of or relating to (i) Destra Disabling Conduct with respect to the provision of services under this this Agreement; (ii) Destras material breach of any of its obligations, representations, warranties or covenants contained in this Agreement; or (iii) Destras failure to comply with any applicable laws or regulations, but only to the extent that such claims, demands, liabilities and expenses do not arise out of or are not based upon Fund Disabling Conduct.
11. |
TERM; TERMINATION. |
(a) |
The term of this Agreement shall run through the full term of the Fund estimated to be 12 years (the Term) 1 . |
(b) |
This Agreement may be terminated before the expiration of the Term solely as follows: |
(i) |
by Destra in the event of a material breach of this Agreement by the Fund and such material breach goes uncured for five days, upon 10 days prior written notice to the Fund; |
(ii) |
by the Fund in the event of a material breach of this Agreement by Destra and such material breach goes uncured for five days, upon 10 days prior written notice to Destra; |
(iii) |
by the Fund on 60 days written notice to Destra; provided, that, in the event that the Fund terminates the Agreement, Adviser shall be responsible for payment the Services Fee for the remainder of the Term; |
(iv) |
by Destra on 60 days written notice to the Fund; and |
7
(v) |
by the express written mutual agreement of all of the parties hereto. |
(c) |
Section 9, Section 10, Section 11(d) and Sections 12 through 25 shall survive any termination of this Agreement. |
(d) |
Upon termination of this Agreement by either party, Destra agrees to relinquish any and all materials and files relating to the Funds website, along with all user name/passwords and links associated with the Funds website. |
12. |
WEBSITE. |
(a) |
The Fund hereby reserves all rights in and to the trademarks, trade names, trade devices, symbols, insignias, service marks, logos, slogans and other indicia of origin and proprietary identifying symbols that the Adviser, the Fund or any of their affiliates owns or any abbreviation, contraction, designation or simulation thereof used by the Adviser or the Fund or any of their affiliates (the Marks). Destra and its employees, agents, contractors and representatives shall not make use of the Marks, except as authorized in writing by the Adviser or the Fund (as the case may be) in connection with Destra providing the Services. Nothing in this Agreement transfers any rights in any Marks to Destra or its employees, agents, contractors or representatives. |
(b) |
Destra agrees and acknowledges that the Fund owns all right, title, and interest, in or to, the Funds website, the source code underlying the Funds website, any patentable inventions or copyrightable material that Destra develops specifically for the purpose of performing the Services for the Fund, including any moral rights, and that any such copyrightable material is a work made for hire. To the extent that ownership of the Funds website, the source code underlying the Funds website, any such patentable inventions or copyrightable material are not vested in the Fund, Destra hereby assigns all right, title, and interest, in or to, any rights under copyright, patent or otherwise to the Fund. Destra further agrees to execute, or to cause Destras employees, agents, contractors or representatives to execute, any documents or do such other acts as the Fund may reasonably require in order to confirm the Funds ownership in any such copyrights or patents with the appropriate governmental authority. Any intellectual property rights licensed by Destra for the purposes of performing the Services shall be assignable to the Fund upon the Funds request, unless the Fund gives prior, written consent to enter such a license. |
13. |
AMENDMENT OF THIS AGREEMENT. This Agreement may not be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by written agreement executed by all the parties hereto. |
8
14. |
CONFIDENTIALITY. Destra and the Fund each acknowledge that it may obtain certain confidential information of the other parties to this Agreement, or, in the case of Destra, of the Adviser, the Fund and shareholders of the Fund, during the performance of its duties under this Agreement and each party hereto agrees to treat all such confidential information as proprietary information of the applicable party and to keep such information confidential by using the same care and discretion it uses with respect to its own confidential information, property and trade secrets; provided, that a party may disclose confidential information if (i) such disclosure is approved in writing by the applicable party from which the confidential information originates or (ii) such disclosure is required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including, for the avoidance of doubt, disclosures required in any document filed, provided or furnished with or to the SEC or other regulatory authority), or such disclosure is made in response to a valid request by a regulatory authority. If Destra is required or requested to disclose confidential information of the Fund or the Adviser pursuant to (ii) above, Destra shall immediately notify the Fund, or the Adviser, as the case may be, in order to provide the Fund or the Adviser, as the case may be, the opportunity to pursue such legal or other action as such parties may desire to prevent the release of such confidential information, and such party agrees to provide reasonable assistance to any party seeking to prevent the release of such confidential information, at the expense of the requesting party. For purposes of this Agreement, confidential information does not include information which, without any breach of Destra or the Fund of the foregoing, (1) is or becomes publicly available (other than in breach of this Agreement or a violation of a confidentiality obligation owed to a party hereto), (2) is in the possession of Destra or the Fund (as the case may be) prior to disclosure by the other party, (3) is independently developed by Destra or the Fund (as the case may be) outside the scope of this Agreement and without use of confidential information or (4) is rightfully obtained by Destra or the Fund (as the case may be) from third parties who have no duty of confidentiality to the Fund or Destra, respectively. |
15. |
GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles of conflict of laws of any jurisdiction to the contrary. |
16. |
SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. Each party hereto agrees that it shall bring any action or proceeding in respect of any questions, claims, disputes, remedies or damages arising out of or related to this Agreement or the transactions contained in or contemplated hereby exclusively in the United States District Court for Illinois or any Illinois State court sitting in DuPage County (the Chosen Courts), and, solely in connection with claims arising under this Agreement or the transactions that are the subject hereof (i) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Chosen Courts, (ii) waives and agrees not to assert any objection to laying venue in any such action or proceeding in the Chosen Courts, (iii) waives any objection that the Chosen Courts are an inconvenient forum or do not have jurisdiction over any party and (iv) agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by applicable |
9
legal requirements. EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS. |
17. |
BOOKS AND RECORDS |
(a) |
In compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, Destra hereby agrees that all records which it may maintain for the Fund are the property of the Fund and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Fund any of such records upon request. |
(b) |
Destra hereby agrees to furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with Services that Destra renders pursuant to this Agreement which may be requested in order to ascertain whether the operations of the Adviser and/or the Fund are being conducted in a manner consistent with applicable laws and regulations. Subject to the proviso below, if Destra is required or requested to provide any information or reports to regulatory authorities, Destra shall immediately notify the Adviser and the Fund in order to provide the Adviser and the Fund the opportunity to pursue such legal or other action as it may desire to prevent the release of the information or reports, and Destra agrees to provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Fund in seeking to prevent the release of the information, in each case; provided, that such disclosure by Destra is not prohibited by applicable law. |
18. |
BENEFIT TO OTHERS. The understandings contained in this Agreement are for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns and, except as specifically contemplated herein with respect to Destra Indemnified Persons and Fund Indemnified Persons, they shall not be construed as conferring, and are not intended to confer, any rights on any other persons except the Fund. For the avoidance of doubt, the Fund is an express third-party beneficiary of this Agreement. |
19. |
BINDING NATURE OF AGREEMENT; NO ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, except that no party may assign or transfer its rights nor delegate its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of other parties hereto. Any assignment not in accordance with this Section 19 shall be void ab initio. |
20. |
EXECUTION IN COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against the any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts hereof, individually or taken together, shall bear the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as signatories. |
10
21. |
ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, oral or written, except as herein contained. The express terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. This Agreement may not be modified or amended other than by an agreement in writing. |
22. |
WAIVERS. Neither the failure nor any delay on the part of any party to this Agreement to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver. |
23. |
CONSTRUCTION. The captions of this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. |
24. |
SEVERABILITY. If any provision (or part thereof) of this Agreement is held illegal, invalid or unenforceable by a final decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, statute, rule, regulation, law or ordinance, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to replace such provision with a legal, suitable and equitable substitute therefor in order to carry out, so far as may be valid and enforceable, the intent and purpose of such illegal, invalid or unenforceable proviso and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. |
25. |
NOTICES. |
All notices required or permitted to be sent under this Agreement shall be sent:
If to the Fund, to:
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
3060 Peachtree Rd NW | ||
Atlanta, Georgia 30305 |
If to Adviser, to:
Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC
11
3060 Peachtree Rd NW | ||
Atlanta, Georgia 30305 |
With a copy emailed to: dory.black@angeloakcapital.com
If to Destra, to:
Destra Capital Advisors LLC
444 West Lake Street
Suite 1700
Chicago, Illinois 60606
With a copy emailed to: legal@destracapital.com
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
12
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused the instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the day and year first above written.
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust | ||||
By: /s/ Dory S. Black | ||||
Name: Dory S. Black | ||||
Title: President |
Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC | ||||
By: /s/ Dory S. Black | ||||
Name: Dory S. Black | ||||
Title: General Counsel |
Destra Capital Advisors LLC | ||||
By: /s/ Jane H. Shissler | ||||
Name: Jane H. Shissler | ||||
Title: General Counsel |
DISTRIBUTION ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT
This Distribution Assistance Agreement (the Agreement) is made as of March 20, 2019, by and among Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Adviser), and Destra Capital Investments LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Destra).
R ECITALS :
1. |
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Fund) is an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the 1940 Act), and has filed a registration statement on Form N-2, as amended (the Registration Statement), relating to the initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Fund (the Common Shares, and such offering, the Offering); |
2. |
The Fund is operated as a closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act and the Common Shares are expected to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the Exchange Act), and listed for public trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE); |
3. |
Destra is registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA); and |
4. |
The Adviser serves as the investment adviser to the Fund and wishes to retain Destra to provide the distribution assistance and marketing services as described herein under the terms and conditions stated herein, and Destra is willing to provide such services for the compensation set forth herein. |
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants contained herein, and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. |
APPOINTMENT. The Adviser hereby retains Destra to furnish, and Destra hereby agrees to furnish, in accordance with the highest commercial standards, the services set forth in Section 2 below (the Services). |
2. |
SERVICES AND DUTIES OF DESTRA. At such times and to the extent that the Adviser or the Fund may reasonably request, Destra will use its reasonable best efforts to assist the Fund and Adviser with the distribution of the Common Shares in the Offering by: |
(a) |
distribution of the Common Shares and to generally provide wholesale services with respect to the Common Shares for the Offering; |
(b) |
providing such assistance as the Adviser or the Fund may reasonably request in connection with structuring the Fund and its investment strategies and policies, in conjunction with discussions with the lead managing underwriters, and developing and coordinating a targeted road show with respect to the Offering; |
(c) |
support in preparing or customizing marketing materials for use by, and presentations to the sales networks at, broker-dealers and other intermediaries that have agreed to distribute the Common Shares in the Offering; |
(d) |
organizing and hosting meetings with key financial advisers at such broker-dealers and other intermediaries, analysts and other entities that participate in the initial distribution of closed-end funds; |
(e) |
making such written and other reports and recommendations to the Adviser and the Fund with respect to the distribution of the Common Shares in the Offering as the Adviser or the Fund may reasonably request; |
(f) |
replying to requests for information from broker-dealers and other intermediaries concerning the Fund, the Offering and/or the Common Shares; |
(g) |
preparing and discussing with representatives of the Adviser, the Fund, and the lead underwriters of the Offering the sales materials of the Fund, including with respect to the compliance of the content of such sales materials with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), the FINRA or any state securities authority; |
(h) |
assisting in the drafting of press releases in connection with the Offering and providing sales support and marketing services customary for an initial public offering (including any overallotment) of common shares of a closed-end management investment company; and |
(i) |
providing such other services with respect to the distribution of the Common Shares in the Offering as the Adviser or the Fund may reasonably request from time to time. |
Destra acknowledges and agrees that it is not authorized to provide any information or make any representation regarding the Adviser, the Fund or the Common Shares other than (i) information contained in the Funds Registration Statement (or such other information approved in advance in writing by the Adviser or the Fund for use by Destra in connection with the performance of the Services provided by Destra hereunder), (ii) the final preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement, printed and made available by the Fund for use in connection with the Offering and the related marketing efforts, (iii) any sales literature and advertising materials approved in advance in writing by the Adviser or the Fund for use by Destra in connection with the performance of the Services provided by Destra hereunder and (iv) other information approved in advance in writing by the Adviser or the Fund for use by Destra in connection with the performance of the Services provided by Destra hereunder.
2
3. |
COMPLIANCE WITH THE FUNDS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAW. In all matters pertaining to the performance of this Agreement, Destra will act in conformity with the provisions of the governing documents of the Fund, each as amended or restated from time to time, and the Registration Statement related to Destras performance of the Services in connection with the distribution of the Common Shares in the Offering, and in accordance with the directions of the Adviser and the Fund, and will conform to, and comply with, the requirements of applicable federal, state and foreign law, including, without limitation, the 1940 Act, the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, NYSE rules and regulations, FINRA rules and regulations and state securities laws and regulations. |
4. |
EXCLUSIVITY. The Services provided by Destra hereunder are not deemed to be exclusive, and Destra and its officers, employees and affiliates may, without the prior written consent of the Adviser or the Fund, render such services to others, except that during the term of this Agreement: (i) Destra will not launch, or aid in launching, in the public markets any other registered closed-end fund offering with an investment strategy substantially similar to that of the Fund during the period from the launch of the Offering through the closing of the Offering (including the expiration of any overallotment or Green Shoe period), without the prior written consent of the Adviser and (ii) Destra will make the Fund the sole focus of Destras distribution services for closed-end funds that has an investment strategy of primarily investing in debt issued by financial institutions in any material respect for the period from the launch of the Offering through the closing of the Offering (including the expiration of any overallotment or Green Shoe period); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit Destra from distributing the funds for which it serves as distributor, sub-distributor or sub-wholesaler as of the date of this Agreement or filing, or aiding in the filing of a registration statement for such a closed-end fund following the closing of the Offering (exclusive of any overallotment or Green Shoe period) or entering into an agreement to provide services similar to those under this Agreement for such closed-end fund the offering of shares of which shall occur during a period other than the period from the launch of the Offering through the Closing (as defined below) of the Offering (including the expiration of any overallotment or Green Shoe period). For greater certainty, the launch of the Offering for purposes of this Agreement is the date that the Funds definitive preliminary prospectus (also known as the red herring prospectus) is printed and first made available by the Fund for use in connection with the Offering and the related marketing efforts. The parties understand and agree that, subject to the termination provisions in Section 11, the launch of the Offering may take place at any time during the continuance of this Agreement at the discretion of the Adviser and the Fund, and that Destra must observe the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) above regardless of any agreement or arrangements it has entered into to provide services for another closed-end fund whose offering period may overlap with the period from the eventual launch of the Offering through the closing of the Offering. |
3
5. |
REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS OF DESTRA. |
(a) |
Destra represents and warrants that (i) it has obtained all necessary registrations, licenses and approvals in order to perform the Services contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) is registered as a broker-dealer with the SEC and is in good standing with FINRA. Destra covenants to maintain all necessary registrations, licenses and approvals to perform the Services contemplated by this Agreement in effect during the term of this Agreement. |
(b) |
Destra agrees that it shall promptly notify the Adviser and the Fund (i) in the event that the SEC, FINRA or any other authority (including any self -regulatory or state authority) has censured its activities, functions or operations, suspended or revoked any registration, license or approval, or has commenced proceedings or an investigation that may result in any of these actions, (ii) before there is a change of control of Destra or any change in the senior management of Destra or (iii) of any change to Destra that may be reasonably expected to adversely affect its ability to perform the Services contemplated by this Agreement. |
(c) |
Destra represents and warrants that (i) it is a validly existing entity under the laws of the State of Delaware and has full limited liability company power and authority to perform its obligations under this Agreement, (ii) this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on its behalf and constitutes its binding and enforceable obligation in accordance with its terms and (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the incurrence of the obligations herein set forth and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein will not constitute a breach of, or default under, its constituent documents, other instruments to which Destra is a party or by which Destra is bound or affected, or under any order, rule or regulation applicable to it of any court or any governmental body or administrative agency having jurisdiction over it. |
(d) |
Destra acknowledges that it shall act as an independent contractor in providing Services pursuant to this Agreement. |
(e) |
Destra acknowledges and agrees that neither the Adviser nor the Fund, nor the legal or accounting advisors to the Adviser or the Fund, is an advisor to Destra as to legal, tax, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction and Destra shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the Services contemplated hereby. |
(f) |
Destra represents and warrants that (i) it has not compensated, directly or indirectly, any third party in connection with securing the Adviser or the Fund as a client and (ii) it will not share its fees with any third party, without the prior written consent of the Adviser and the Fund. |
4
6. |
REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS OF THE ADVISER. |
(a) |
The Adviser agrees with Destra that it shall promptly notify Destra (i) in the event that the SEC or any other regulatory authority has censured in writing the Advisers activities, functions or operations, suspended or revoked any registration, license or approval, or has commenced proceedings that may result in any of these actions and which would materially affect the Fund or the Offering, (ii) in the event that there is a change of control of the Adviser or (iii) of any change to the Adviser that materially and adversely affects the Advisers ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement. |
(b) |
The Adviser represents and warrants to Destra that (i) it is a validly existing entity and has full limited liability company power and authority to perform its obligations under this Agreement, (ii) this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on its behalf and constitutes its binding and enforceable obligation in accordance with its terms, (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the incurrence of its obligations herein set forth and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein will not constitute a breach of, or default under, its constituent documents, other instruments to which the Adviser is a party or by which the Adviser is bound or affected, or under any order, rule or regulation applicable to it of any court or any governmental body or administrative agency having jurisdiction over it and (iv) the Adviser will be registered prior to the consummation of the Offering as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and in any state where registration as such is required, except to the extent any such failure to register would not have a material adverse effect on the Advisers ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement. |
7. |
COMPENSATION. As compensation for the Services to be provided by Destra under this Agreement, the Adviser shall pay to Destra a distribution fee, due and payable upon the closing date of the Offering (the Closing), in an amount equal to (i) 0.20% (20 bps) on all Common Shares sold in the Offering by Destras wholesaling representatives, and 0.10% (10 bps) on all Common Shares sold in the Offering by wholesaling representatives of the Advisers affiliate, in all cases including any Common Shares sold pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of their Green Shoe option. Adviser agrees that the sales compensation for the wholesaling representatives of the Advisers affiliate shall be similar to the sales compensation of Destras wholesaling representatives, and no case below 0.10% (10 bps) on all Common Shares sold in the Offering. |
8. |
REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES. |
(a) |
Within 15 days following the earlier to occur of (i) the completion of the Offering, including any proposed overallotment or Green Shoe period, or (ii) the determination by the lead underwriters of the Offering that the Offering will not be completed, the Adviser shall pay or reimburse Destra for all Destra Road Show Expenses (as defined below). |
5
(b) |
In the event that this Agreement is terminated prior to the Closing, other than pursuant to Section 11(a)(i), Adviser shall bear one hundred percent (100%) of any Destra Road Show Expenses. In the event that this Agreement is terminated prior to the Closing pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii), Destra shall bear one hundred percent (100%) of any Destra Road Show Expenses. |
(c) |
As used in this Section 8: |
Destra Road Show Expenses means, and is limited to, reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Destra up to $450,000 in the aggregate (and any amount above $450,000 upon the approval of Adviser) in connection with the road show for the Offering (including reasonable costs for travel, lodging, meals, printing, shipping and mailing) and marketing expenses in related to schedulers and arranging and executing webinars, conference calls and pre-launch training. For the avoidance of doubt, Destra Road Show Expenses shall not include, without the prior written consent of Adviser, any expenses incurred for the chartering of planes or following the completion of the road show. Adviser is responsible for all of Advisers expenses associated with its personnel regardless of functional responsibility in connection with the road show for the Offering (including reasonable costs for travel, lodging, meals, printing, shipping and mailing).
(d) |
Any obligation of Adviser to reimburse any expenses to Destra for Destra Road Show Expenses will be satisfied by payment or reimbursement of the required amount to Destra, subject to applicable law. Except as provided in this Section 8, Destra shall not be entitled to be reimbursed by Adviser or the Fund or any of their affiliates for any expenses or costs other than Destra Road Show Expenses. |
9. |
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF DESTRA. Destra will not be liable for any act or omission or for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by the Adviser or the Fund in connection with the performance of Destras duties under this Agreement, except a loss directly or indirectly resulting from willful misfeasance or gross negligence on Destras part in the performance of its duties, from the reckless disregard by Destra of its duties under this Agreement or the material breach by Destra of any of Destra s representations, warranties or covenants hereunder (Destra Disabling Conduct). |
The Adviser agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Destra, and each of its officers, trustees, directors and agents, and any person who controls Destra, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (collectively, Destra Indemnified Persons), against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees of one counsel incurred in connection therewith) which Destra Indemnified Persons may incur arising
6
out of or relating to (i) Adviser Disabling Conduct with respect to any of its obligations under this Agreement and as investment adviser to the Fund; (ii)Adviser s material breach of any of its obligations, representations, warranties or covenants contained in this Agreement s or covenants contained in this Agreement; or (iii) the Advisers failure to comply, on behalf of itself and the Fund, with any applicable laws or regulations, but only to the extent that such claims, demands, liabilities and expenses do not arise out of or are not based upon Destra Disabling Conduct.
10. |
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF THE ADVISER AND THE FUND. Neither the Adviser nor the Fund will be liable for any act or omission or for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by Destra in connection with the performance of the Advisers duties under this Agreement, except (in the case of the Adviser and not the Fund) for a loss resulting from willful misfeasance or gross negligence on the Advisers part in the performance of its duties or from the reckless disregard by it of its duties under this Agreement or the material breach by the Adviser of any of the Advisers representations, warranties or covenants hereunder (Adviser Disabling Conduct). |
Destra agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Adviser and the Fund, each of their officers, trustees, directors and agents, and any person who controls the Adviser or the Fund within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (collectively, Adviser Indemnified Persons), against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable and documented out -of-pocket costs of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees of one counsel for each of the Adviser and the Fund incurred in connection therewith) that any Adviser Indemnified Persons may incur arising out of or relating to (i) Destra Disabling Conduct with respect to the provision of Services under this this Agreement; (ii) Destras material breach of any of its obligations, representations, warranties or covenants contained in this Agreement or (iii) Destras failure to comply with any applicable laws or regulations, but only to the extent that such claims, demands, liabilities and expenses do not arise out of or are not based upon Adviser Disabling Conduct.
11. |
TERMINATION. |
(a) |
This Agreement may be terminated solely as follows: |
(i) |
by Destra in the event of a material breach of this Agreement by the Adviser, upon 10 days prior written notice to the Adviser and the Fund; provided, however, that a determination by the lead underwriters that the Offering will not be completed shall not be deemed to be a material breach of this Agreement; |
(ii) |
by the Adviser in the event of a material breach of this Agreement by Destra, upon 10 days prior written notice to Destra; provided, however, that a determination by the lead underwriters that the Offering will not be completed shall not be deemed to be a material breach of this Agreement; |
7
(iii) |
by the express written mutual agreement of all of the parties hereto (including, but not limited to, following a determination based upon discussions with prospective lead managing underwriters that the Offering is not likely to occur within the time frame set forth in (iv) below; and |
(iv) |
by any of the parties on or after [ ], if the Offering has not commenced by that date. |
(b) |
Upon termination of this Agreement other than pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii), the Adviser shall promptly pay to Destra the reimbursement of Destra Road Show Expenses as set forth by Section 8(b). The Adviser shall owe no other fees or expenses upon termination to Destra including, by way of clarification, fees contemplated by Section 7. |
(c) |
Sections 9, 10 and 12 through 23 shall survive any termination of this Agreement. |
12. |
AMENDMENT OF THIS AGREEMENT. This Agreement may not be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by written agreement executed by all the parties hereto. |
13. |
CONFIDENTIALITY / PRIVACY. Destra and the Adviser each acknowledge that it may obtain certain confidential information of the other parties to this Agreement, or, in the case of Destra, of the Fund and shareholders of the Fund, during the performance of its duties under this Agreement, and each party hereto agrees to treat all such confidential information as proprietary information of the applicable party and to keep such information confidential by using the same care and discretion it uses with respect to its own confidential information, property and trade secrets; provided, that a party may disclose confidential information if (i) such disclosure is approved in writing by the applicable party from which the confidential information originates or (ii) such disclosure is required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including, for the avoidance of doubt, disclosures required in any document filed, provided or furnished with or to the SEC, FINRA or other regulatory authority), or such disclosure is required to be made in response to a valid request by a regulatory authority having jurisdiction; and provided further that the Adviser may disclose material terms of the Agreement to underwriters of the Fund and in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information for the Fund. If Destra is required or requested to disclose confidential information of the Adviser or the Fund pursuant to (ii) above, Destra shall immediately notify the Adviser or the Fund, as the case may be, in order to provide the Adviser or the Fund, as the case may be, the opportunity to pursue such legal or other action as such parties may desire to prevent the release of such confidential information, and such party agrees to provide reasonable assistance to any party seeking to prevent the release of such confidential information, at the expense of the requesting party. For purposes of this Agreement, confidential information does not include information which, without any breach of Destra, the Fund or the Adviser of the foregoing, (1) is or becomes publicly available (other than in breach of this Agreement or a violation of a confidentiality obligation owed to a party hereto), |
8
(2) is in the possession of Destra, the Fund or the Adviser (as the case may be) prior to disclosure by the other party, (3) is independently developed by Destra, the Fund or the Adviser (as the case may be) outside the scope of this Agreement and without use of confidential information or (4) is rightfully obtained by Destra, the Fund or the Adviser (as the case may be) from third parties who have no duty of confidentiality to the Adviser, the Fund or Destra, respectively.
In the performance of its obligations under this Agreement and in respect of any information provided to Destra in connection with this Agreement, Destra agrees to comply with all applicable laws and regulations related to the collection, storage, handling, processing and transfer of non-public personal information (Applicable Data Security Laws), including without limitation the Massachusetts Standards for the Protection of Personal Information, 201 CMR 17.00, et. seq., and to implement and maintain appropriate security measures to protect the confidentiality, security and integrity of non-public personal information in the manner provided for under and to the extent required by all such Applicable Data Security Laws.
14. |
GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles of conflict of laws of any jurisdiction to the contrary. |
15. |
BOOKS AND RECORDS |
(a) |
In compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act and other applicable law, Destra hereby agrees that all records which it may maintain for the Fund or the Adviser, as the case may be, are the property of the Adviser or the Fund, as the case may be, and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Adviser or the Fund, as the case may be, any of such records upon request. |
(b) |
Destra hereby agrees to furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with Services that Destra renders pursuant to this Agreement which may be requested in order to ascertain whether the operations of the Adviser and/or the Fund are being conducted in a manner consistent with applicable laws and regulations. Subject to the proviso below, if Destra is required or requested to provide any information or reports to regulatory authorities, Destra shall immediately notify the Adviser and the Fund in order to provide the Adviser and the Fund the opportunity to pursue such legal or other action as it may desire to prevent the release of the information or reports, and Destra agrees to provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Fund in seeking to prevent the release of the information, in each case; provided, that such disclosure by Destra is not prohibited by applicable law. |
16. |
BENEFIT TO OTHERS. The understandings contained in this Agreement are for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and the Fund and their respective successors and assigns and, except as specifically contemplated herein with respect to Destra Indemnified Persons and Adviser Indemnified Persons, they shall not be construed as conferring, and are not |
9
intended to confer, any rights on any other persons except the Fund. For the avoidance of doubt, the Fund is an express third-party beneficiary of this Agreement. |
17. |
BINDING NATURE OF AGREEMENT; NO ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, except that no party may assign or transfer its rights nor delegate its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of other parties hereto; provided, that the Adviser may assign its rights or obligations, in whole or in part, under this Agreement to the Fund. Any assignment not in accordance with this Section 17 shall be void ab initio. |
18. |
EXECUTION IN COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against the any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts hereof, individually or taken together, shall bear the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as signatories. |
19. |
ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, oral or written, except as herein contained. The express terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. This Agreement may not be modified or amended other than by an agreement in writing. |
20. |
WAIVERS. Neither the failure nor any delay on the part of any party to this Agreement to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver. |
21. |
CONSTRUCTION. The captions of this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. |
22. |
SEVERABILITY. If any provision (or part thereof) of this Agreement is held illegal, invalid or unenforceable by a final decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, statute, rule, regulation, law or ordinance, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to replace such provision with a legal, suitable and equitable substitute therefor in order to carry out, so far as may be valid and enforceable, the intent and purpose of such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. |
10
23. |
NOTICES. |
All notices required or permitted to be sent under this Agreement shall be sent:
If to the Adviser, to:
Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC |
||
3060 Peachtree Road NW |
||
Atlanta, GA 30305 |
||
With copies emailed to: dory.black@angeloakcapital.com |
||
If to Destra, to: |
||
Destra Capital Investments LLC 444 West Lake Street | ||
Suite 1700 | ||
Chicago, IL 60606 |
With copies emailed to: |
dominic.martellaro@destracapital.com legal@destracapital.com |
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
11
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused the instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the day and year first above written.
ANGEL OAK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC |
By: |
/s/ Dory S. Black |
Name: |
Dory S. Black |
Title: |
General Counsel |
DESTRA CAPITAL INVESTMENTS LLC |
By: |
/s/ Jane H. Shissler |
Name: |
Jane H. Shissler |
Title: |
General Counsel |
12
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
OPERATING EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
THIS OPERATING EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT, dated as of April 26, 2019, is made and entered into by and between the Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the Trust or the Fund), and Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the Adviser).
WHEREAS , the Adviser has been appointed the investment adviser of the Fund pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Fund and the Adviser (the Advisory Agreement); and
WHEREAS , the Fund is responsible for, and has assumed the obligation for, payment of certain expenses pursuant to the Advisory Agreement that have not been assumed by the Adviser; and
WHEREAS , the Adviser desires to limit the Funds Operating Expenses (as that term is defined in Paragraph 2 of this Agreement) pursuant to the terms and provisions of this Agreement, and the Fund desires to allow the Adviser to implement those limits;
NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the covenants and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the parties, intending to be legally bound hereby, mutually agree as follows:
1. LIMIT ON OPERATING EXPENSES . The Adviser hereby agrees, subject to Section 2 hereof, to reduce the fees payable to it under the Advisory Agreement between the Fund and the Adviser, and/or reimburse other expenses of the Fund, until the applicable date listed on Schedule A attached hereto, to the extent necessary to limit the current operating expenses of the Fund (exclusive of any management fees, front-end sales loads, taxes, interest on borrowings, dividends on securities sold short, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses (collectively, the Excluded Expenses) and inclusive of organizational expenses), to the amount of the Maximum Operating Expense Limit as set forth in Schedule A. In the event that the current operating expenses of the Fund, as accrued each month, exceeds its Maximum Operating Expense Limit, the Adviser will reduce the fees payable to it and/or pay to the Fund, on a monthly basis, the excess expense within 15 calendar days, or such other period as determined by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), of being notified that an excess payment is due. In the event that the Board determines that an excess expense payment due date be other than 15 calendar days, the Fund will provide the Adviser with ten (10) calendar days written notice prior to the implementation of such other excess expense payment due date.
2. DEFINITION . For purposes of this Agreement, the term Operating Expenses with respect to the Fund is defined to include all expenses necessary or appropriate for the operation of the Fund, but it does not include any Excluded Expenses.
3. REIMBURSEMENT OF FEES AND EXPENSES . The Fund agrees to pay to the Adviser the amount of fees (including any amounts foregone through limitation or reimbursed
pursuant to Section 1 hereof) that, but for Section 1 hereof, would have been payable by the Fund to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement or which have been reimbursed in accordance with Section 1 (the Deferred Fees), subject to the limitations provided in this Section. Such repayment shall be made monthly, but only if the operating expenses of the Fund (exclusive of any Excluded Expenses), without regard to such repayment, are at an annual rate (as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund) equal to or less than the Maximum Operating Expense Limit for the Fund, as set forth on Schedule A. Furthermore, the amount of Deferred Fees paid by the Fund in any month shall be limited so that the sum of: (a) the amount of such payment and (b) the other operating expenses of the Fund (exclusive of any Excluded Expenses) do not exceed the above-referenced Maximum Operating Expense Limit for the Fund.
Deferred Fees with respect to any fiscal year of the Fund shall not be payable by the Fund to the extent that the amounts payable by the Fund pursuant to the preceding paragraph during the period ending three years after the end of the month in which the Adviser incurred the expense are not sufficient to pay such Deferred Fees.
4. TERM . This Agreement shall become effective on the date specified herein and shall remain in effect indefinitely and for a period ending no sooner than the applicable date listed on Schedule A attached hereto, unless sooner terminated as provided in Section 5 of this Agreement.
5. TERMINATION . This Agreement may be terminated at any time, and without payment of any penalty, by the Board, on behalf of the Fund, upon sixty (60) days written notice to the Adviser. This Agreement may not be terminated by the Adviser without the consent of the Board, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This Agreement will automatically terminate if the Advisory Agreement is terminated, with such termination effective upon the effective date of the Advisory Agreements termination.
6. ASSIGNMENT . This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned without the written consent of the other party.
7. SEVERABILITY . If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute or rule, or shall be otherwise rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.
8. GOVERNING LAW . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any federal law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
- 2 -
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES TERM TRUST | ANGEL OAK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC |
By: |
/s/ Dory S. Black |
By: |
/s/ Sreeniwas V. Prabhu |
|||||
Name: | Dory S. Black | Name: | Sreeniwas V. Prabhu | |||||
Title: | President | Title: | Managing Partner |
- 3 -
SCHEDULE A
OPERATING EXPENSE LIMITS
April 26, 2019
Fund Name |
Maximum Operating
Expense Limit* |
Termination Date | ||||
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust |
0.25 | % | May 31, 2020 |
* |
Expressed as a percentage of a Funds average daily gross assets. |
- 4 -
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-2 of our report dated April 29, 2019, relating to the financial statement of Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust, as of April 1, 2019, and to the references to our firm included in or made a part of this Pre-Effective Amendment under the Securities Act of 1933 and Pre-Effective Amendment under the Investment Company Act of 1940 to the Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust Registration Statement on Form N-2.
Cohen & Company, Ltd.
Cleveland, Ohio
April 29, 2019
April 1, 2019
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
3060 Peachtree Road, NW
Suite 500
Atlanta, GA 30305
Re: |
Subscription for the Purchase of Shares of Beneficial Interest of the |
Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust
Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned hereby subscribes to purchase 5,000 shares of beneficial interest of the Angel Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (the Company) in the aggregate amount of $100,000 as the initial capital of the Company.
The undersigned acknowledges that such shares of the Company are being purchased in accordance with Section 14 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, to establish the requisite net worth for the Company for purposes of Section 14 and that such purchase is being made for investment purposes only and not for distribution purposes.
Very truly yours, |
ANGEL OAK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC |
/s/ Dan Fazioli |
Dan Fazioli |
Chief Accounting Officer |
One Buckhead Plaza | 3060 Peachtree Road NW, Suite 500 | Atlanta, GA 30309 | 404.953.4900 | angeloakcapital.com
ANGEL OAK FUNDS TRUST
ANGEL OAK STRATEGIC CREDIT FUND
ANGEL OAK FINANCIAL STRATEGIES INCOME TERM TRUST
CODE OF ETHICS (TRUST CODE)
Angel Oak Funds Trust, Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund, and Angel Oak Financial Strategies Income Term Trust (each, a Trust and together, the Trusts) on behalf of the Trusts and the Trusts respective series, if any, (each, a Fund and collectively, the Funds) adopt as the Trusts code of ethics the code of ethics of the Funds investment adviser, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (the Adviser), as amended from time to time (the Adviser Code), with the following changes:
1. |
Definitions . |
(a) |
Access Person means any Advisory Person of the Funds. All of the Funds trustees and officers are presumed to be Access Persons of the Funds. |
(b) |
Advisory Person means (i) any trustee, officer or employee of the Funds or of any company in a control relationship to the Funds, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of Reportable Securities by the Funds, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (ii) any natural person in a control relationship to the Funds who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Funds with regard to the purchase or sale of Reportable Securities by the Fund. |
(c) |
Access Person under the Trust Code shall not include any individual who is required to file reports under the Adviser Code. |
(d) |
Any trustee of the Trusts who is not an interested person of the Funds within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act) (Independent Trustee), shall not be deemed to be an Access Person as that term is used in the Adviser Code. |
(e) |
Any officer of the Funds who is not an employee, manager, member, director or officer of the Adviser (Unaffiliated Officer) shall not be deemed to be an Access Person as that term is used in the Adviser Code. |
(f) |
The Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) for purposes of the Trust Code shall be the Trusts CCO as appointed by each Trusts board of trustees from time to time. |
(g) |
The term Reportable Security in connection with the reporting requirements set forth below shall include all securities (as defined in section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act), but shall not include shares of open-end mutual funds, direct obligations of the U.S. government, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements. |
Code of Ethics | Page 1 |
2. |
Reporting Requirements for Independent Trustees and Unaffiliated Officers . |
(a) |
Reporting Requirements for Independent Trustees . An Independent Trustee need only report a transaction in a Reportable Security in a quarterly transaction report if such trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a trustee of the Trusts, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately before or after the date of the transaction by the trustee, such Reportable Security was purchased or sold by a Fund or was being considered by a Fund or the Adviser for purchase or sale by the Fund. An Independent Trustee need not report any transactions effected for Reportable Securities held in any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control. Independent Trustees are not subject to the requirements relating to Initial or Annual Holdings Reports or any of the other requirements set forth in the Reporting Requirements section of the Adviser Code, except for the quarterly transaction reports described above. Independent Trustees need not complete and return a quarterly transaction report when there are no transactions to report. On or about the end of each quarter, the Funds administrator shall remind each Independent Trustee of the need to report applicable securities transactions, and the absence of a response from an Independent Trustee shall be deemed to mean the Independent Trustee had no transactions to report for the respective period. |
(b) |
Reporting Requirements for Unaffiliated Officers . |
(i) |
Initial and Annual Holdings Report . Each Unaffiliated Officer shall, no later than 10 days after the person becomes an Access Person, file an initial holdings report with information no older than 45 days, and, within 45 days after December 31 of each year, file an annual holdings report with the Trusts CCO containing the following information: |
(A) |
the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Reportable Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person; |
(B) |
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and |
(C) |
The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
Code of Ethics | Page 2 |
(ii) |
Quarterly Transactions Report . Each Unaffiliated Officer shall, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, file a quarterly transactions report with the Trusts CCO containing the following information: |
(A) |
Quarterly Transactions . With respect to any transaction during the quarter in a Reportable Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership: |
(1) |
The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Reportable Security involved; |
(2) |
The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); |
(3) |
The price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; |
(4) |
The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and |
(5) |
The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
(B) |
New Accounts . With respect to any account established during the quarter by the Access Person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person: |
(1) |
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person established the account; |
(2) |
The date the account was established; and |
(3) |
The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
(c) |
The CCO or his designee will identify each Access Person who is under a duty to make reports under the Trust Code and will inform these persons of such duty. |
3. |
Administration of the Trust Code . |
(a) |
General Rule . The Trusts must use reasonable diligence and institute procedures reasonably necessary to prevent violations of the Trust Code. |
(b) |
Written Report to Boards of Trustees . No less frequently than annually, each Trust must furnish to its board of trustees, and the boards of trustees must consider, a written report that: |
(i) |
Describes any issues arising under the Trust Code or procedures since the last report to the boards of trustees, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Trust Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and |
Code of Ethics | Page 3 |
(ii) |
Certifies that the Trust has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Trust Code. |
(c) |
Sanctions . A sanction, if any, to be imposed on an Independent Trustee may be imposed not by the Adviser but rather by a majority of the other, uninvolved trustees of the Trusts. |
Adopted: October 16, 2014; Reviewed/Amended: October 9, 2015, June 10, 2016, June 9, 2017 (no changes), September 28, 2017, March 28, 2018, June 21, 2018.
Code of Ethics | Page 4 |