DESCRIPTION OF OUR DEPOSITARY SHARES

The following is a summary of the material provisions of the forms of depositary agreement and depositary receipt we may issue from time to time. This summary is not complete. Accordingly, we strongly encourage you to refer to these documents for a complete understanding of them, copies of which are or will be included or incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

General

We may issue depositary shares representing proportional fractional interests in common shares or preference shares which will be evidenced by depositary receipts. We will deposit the underlying common shares or preference shares with a depositary pursuant to a deposit agreement among us, the depositary, and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares (such agreement, the “Deposit Agreement”). Subject to the terms of the Deposit Agreement, each holder of a depositary share will be entitled, through the depositary, in proportion to the applicable fraction of the common share or preference share represented by such depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the common shares or preference shares represented thereby (including dividend, voting, redemption and liquidation rights) as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Dividends and Other Distributions

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the depositary will distribute any cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the deposited common shares or preference shares, including any additional amounts as described in the applicable prospectus supplement, to the record holders of depositary shares relating to the underlying common shares or preference shares in proportion to the number of depositary shares held by the holders. If we make a distribution on the deposited common shares or preference shares other than in cash, the depositary will distribute any property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled to those distributions, unless it determines that the distribution cannot be made proportionally among those holders or that it is not feasible to make a distribution. In that event, the depositary may, with our approval, sell the property and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to the holders of the depositary shares.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

Subject to Bermuda law, if we redeem preference shares represented by the depositary shares, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption of the preference shares held by the depositary.

Whenever we redeem preference shares held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem, as of the same redemption date, the number of depositary shares representing preference shares so redeemed. If fewer than all of the outstanding depositary shares are redeemed, the depositary will select the depositary shares to be redeemed pro rata or in such other manner as we may determine to be fair and equitable. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the depositary will mail notice of redemption to record holders of the depositary receipts not less than 30 and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption of the preference shares and a corresponding number of depositary shares.

Voting Deposited Common Shares or Preference Shares

Because each depositary share will represent a fractional interest in a common share or preference share, holders of depositary receipts will be entitled to a fraction of a vote per deposited common share or preference share under the circumstances in which holders of such deposited common shares or preference shares are entitled to a vote.

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When the depositary receives notice of any meeting at which the holders of any deposited common shares or preference shares are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such common shares or preference shares. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date, which will be the same date as the record date for the common shares or preference shares, may instruct the depositary to vote the amount of the common shares or preference shares represented by the holder’s depositary shares. To the extent possible, the depositary will vote the amount of the common shares or preference shares represented by depositary shares in accordance with the instructions it receives. We will agree to take all reasonable actions that the depositary determines are necessary to enable the depositary to vote as instructed. If the depositary does not receive specific instructions from the holders of any depositary shares representing the common shares or preference shares, it will not vote the amount of the common shares or preference shares represented by such depositary shares.

Preemptive and Conversion Rights

Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, the holders of the depositary shares do not have any preemptive or conversion rights.

Depositary, Transfer Agent and Registrar

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, Computershare, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. will be the depositary for the depositary shares. Computershare Trust Company, N.A. will be the transfer agent and registrar for the depositary shares.

Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement

We and the depositary may generally amend the form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the Deposit Agreement at any time without the consent of the holders of depositary shares. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by holders of depositary shares representing at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.

The Deposit Agreement may be terminated by us or the depositary if:

Fees, Charges and Expenses

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements regarding any depositary shares we may offer. We will also pay all charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the common shares or the preference shares and the initial issuance of the depositary shares, all withdrawals and any redemption or repurchase, as applicable, of deposited common shares or preference shares. All other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges are at the expense of holders of depositary shares.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the depositary may resign at any time by delivering a notice to us of its election to do so. We may remove the depositary at any time by providing notice. Any such resignation or removal will take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its

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acceptance of such appointment. The successor depositary must, generally, be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and be a person with a principal office in the United States and having a combined capital and surplus (along with its affiliates) of at least $50 million. If a successor is not appointed within 60 days, the outgoing depositary may petition a court to do so.

Miscellaneous

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the depositary will not be liable for any delays or failures in performance of its obligations under the Deposit Agreement resulting from acts beyond its reasonable control. The depositary will not be obligated to appear in, prosecute or defend any legal proceeding relating to any depositary shares or deposited common shares or preference shares unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished.

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DESCRIPTION OF AXIS CAPITAL DEBT SECURITIES

The following is a summary of the material terms and conditions of the forms of indentures and debt securities we may issue from time to time. The summary is not complete. Accordingly, we strongly encourage you to refer to these documents for a complete understanding of them, copies of which are or will be included or incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

For purposes of the description set forth under “Description of AXIS Capital Debt Securities,” references to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” refer to AXIS Capital and not to any of its subsidiaries.

Senior Debt Indenture, Subordinated Debt Indenture and Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture

We may issue debt securities, consisting of notes, debentures or other indebtedness, from time to time in one or more series. We will issue any senior debt securities pursuant to the senior debt indenture dated as of November 15, 2004 between AXIS Capital and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. Such senior debt indenture is referred to in this prospectus as the “senior debt indenture.” We will issue any subordinated debt securities pursuant to a subordinated debt indenture to be entered into between AXIS Capital and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. Such subordinated debt indenture is referred to in this section as the “subordinated debt indenture.” We will issue any junior subordinated debt securities pursuant to a junior subordinated debt indenture to be entered into between AXIS Capital and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. Such junior subordinated debt indenture is referred to in this section as the “junior subordinated debt indenture.” The senior debt indenture, the subordinated debt indenture and the junior subordinated debt indenture are collectively referred to in this section as the “indentures.”

The senior debt indenture is substantially the same as the subordinated debt indenture and the junior subordinated debt indenture except that (1) the senior debt indenture, unlike the subordinated debt indenture and the junior subordinated debt indenture, restricts the ability of AXIS Capital to dispose of its restricted subsidiaries and to use the shares of its restricted subsidiaries to secure any of its indebtedness, unless it grants a similar security interest in these subsidiary shares to the holders of the debt securities issued pursuant to the senior debt indenture and (2) the subordinated debt indenture and junior subordinated debt indenture, unlike the senior debt indenture, provide for debt securities that are specifically made junior in right of payment to other specified indebtedness of AXIS Capital. None of the senior debt indenture, the subordinated debt indenture or the junior subordinated debt indenture limits the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness that we may issue from time to time.

Senior, Subordinated and Junior Subordinated Debt Securities

The debt securities will be our unsecured senior, subordinated or junior subordinated obligations. The term “senior” is generally used to describe debt obligations that entitle the holder to receive payment of principal and interest upon the happening of specified events prior to the holders of “subordinated” debt and “junior subordinated” debt. The term “subordinated” is generally used to describe debt obligations that entitle the holder to receive payment of principal and interest upon the happening of specified events prior to the holders of “junior subordinated” debt. Events that can trigger the right of (i) holders of senior debt securities to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments to the holders of subordinated and junior subordinated indebtedness and (ii) holders of subordinated debt securities to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments to the holders of junior subordinated indebtedness include insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, receivership, reorganization or an event of default under the senior debt indenture or the subordinated debt indenture, as applicable.

We may issue the senior debt securities pursuant to the senior debt indenture in one or more series. All series of senior debt securities issued under the senior debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The senior debt securities also will rank equally with all our other unsecured indebtedness, other than unsecured indebtedness expressly designated by the holders thereof to be subordinate to our senior debt securities.

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We may issue the subordinated debt securities pursuant to the subordinated debt indenture in one or more series. All series of subordinated debt securities issued under the subordinated debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The debt securities issued under the subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate in right of payment in respect of principal, any premium or interest on and any additional amounts owing under the subordinated debt securities to all our senior indebtedness in the manner described below under the caption “—Subordination Under the Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

We may issue the junior subordinated debt securities pursuant to the junior subordinated debt indenture in one or more series. All series of junior subordinated debt securities issued under the junior subordinated debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The debt securities issued under the junior subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate in right of payment in respect of principal, any premium or interest on and any additional amounts owing under the junior subordinated debt securities to all our senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness in the manner described below under the caption “—Subordination Under the Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

AXIS Capital is a holding company and has no direct operations. The ability of AXIS Capital to make payments on its debt securities depends almost exclusively on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends and make intercompany transfers. AXIS Capital’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to significant regulatory restrictions limiting their ability to declare and pay dividends. See “Risk Factors” and our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year.

Additionally, the senior debt securities issued pursuant to the senior debt indenture, the subordinated debt securities issued under the subordinated debt indenture and the junior subordinated debt securities issued under the junior subordinated debt indenture will effectively each be subordinated to any indebtedness of our subsidiaries. In the event of a bankruptcy, receivership, state-ordered rehabilitation, liquidation or similar event involving a subsidiary, the assets of that subsidiary would be used to satisfy claims of policyholders and creditors of the subsidiary rather than our creditors. As a result of the application of the subsidiary’s assets to satisfy claims of policyholders and creditors, the value of the stock of the subsidiary would be diminished and perhaps rendered worthless. Any such diminution in the value of the shares of our subsidiaries would adversely impact our financial condition and possibly impair our ability to meet our obligations on the debt securities. In addition, any liquidation of the assets of any of our subsidiaries to satisfy claims of the subsidiary’s policyholders and creditors might make it impossible for such subsidiary to pay dividends to us. This inability to pay dividends would further impair our ability to satisfy our obligations under the debt securities.

Further, in the event of a bankruptcy or other liquidation event involving a distribution of assets to satisfy our outstanding indebtedness or an event of default under a loan agreement relating to the secured indebtedness, the holders of our secured indebtedness would be entitled to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments on debt securities issued under the senior debt indenture, the subordinated debt indenture and the junior subordinated debt indenture.

Prospectus Supplements

A prospectus supplement will describe the terms of each series of debt securities we offer, including, to the extent applicable:

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Holders of the debt securities may present their securities for exchange and may present registered debt securities for transfer in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as limited by the applicable indenture, we will provide these services without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the exchange or transfer.

Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate as specified in the prospectus supplement. In addition, if specified in the prospectus supplement, we may sell debt securities bearing no interest or interest at

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a rate that at the time of issuance is below the prevailing market rate, or at a discount below their stated principal amount. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to these discounted debt securities.

We may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on any interest payment date, to be determined by referring to one or more currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity indices or other factors. Holders of such debt securities may receive a principal amount on any principal payment date, or interest payments on any interest payment date, that are greater or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates, depending upon the value on such dates of applicable currency, commodity, equity index or other factors. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to how we will determine the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, as well as the currencies, commodities, equity indices or other factors to which the amount payable on that date relates and certain additional tax considerations.

Covenants Applicable to the Debt Securities

Limitations on Liens. Under the senior debt indenture, so long as any debt securities are outstanding, neither we nor any of our restricted subsidiaries may use any voting stock of a restricted subsidiary as security for any of our debt or other obligations unless any debt securities issued under the senior debt indenture are secured to the same extent as that debt or other obligation. This restriction does not apply to liens existing at the time a corporation becomes our restricted subsidiary or any renewal or extension of existing liens and does not apply to shares of subsidiaries that are not “restricted subsidiaries.”

The senior debt indenture defines “restricted subsidiaries” as (1) AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Company and AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited; (2) any other present or future subsidiary of AXIS Capital, the consolidated total assets of which constitute at least 20% of our total consolidated assets; and (3) any successor to any such subsidiary. As of September 30, 2019, the consolidated total assets of each of AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Company, AXIS Re SE (and their respective holding companies: AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited and AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited) constituted at least 20% of our total consolidated assets.

Consolidation, Merger, Amalgamation and Sale of Assets. The indentures provide that we will not (1) consolidate with or merge or amalgamate into a third party, (2) sell, other than for cash, all or substantially all of our assets to any third party or (3) purchase all or substantially all of the assets of any third party, unless:

In the context of a consolidation, merger or amalgamation or sale or purchase of assets, the successor entity is the entity that assumes or otherwise becomes obligated for the rights and obligations of the other party or parties to the transaction.

The limitations on the transactions described above do not apply to a recapitalization, change of control or highly leveraged transaction unless the transaction involves a transaction enumerated above. In addition, the

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indentures do not include any provisions that would increase interest, provide an option to dispose of securities at a fixed price or otherwise protect debt security holders in the event of any recapitalization, change of control or highly leveraged transaction.

Restrictions on Dispositions. The senior debt indenture provides that, except in a transaction otherwise governed by such indenture, neither we nor any of our restricted subsidiaries may issue, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of the voting stock of a restricted subsidiary so long as any of the debt securities remain outstanding. However, exceptions to this restriction include situations where:

The senior debt indenture does not restrict the merger or consolidation of an AXIS Capital subsidiary, including a restricted subsidiary, into or with another person or the transfer of assets from an AXIS Capital subsidiary, including a restricted subsidiary, to any other person, including us or another of our subsidiaries.

Commission Reports. Under the indentures we are required to provide to the trustee, within 15 days after we file such annual and quarterly reports, information, documents and other reports with the SEC, copies of our annual report and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the trustee is for informational purposes only and the trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including our compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates). The trustee shall be under no obligation to analyze or make any credit decisions with respect to reports or other information received by it, but shall hold such reports and other information solely for the benefit of, and review by, the security holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will be deemed to have satisfied these requirements if (i) we have filed such reports, information or documents with the SEC via the EDGAR (or successor) filing system or (ii) we have made such reports, information or documents otherwise available electronically.

Events of Default

Unless we provide other or substitute events of default in a prospectus supplement, the following events will constitute an event of default under the applicable indenture with respect to a series of debt securities:

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The indentures provide that, under limited conditions specified in the indentures, where an event of default occurs and is continuing, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 33% in aggregate principal amount of each affected series of debt securities issued under the relevant indenture (voting as separate classes), may declare the principal and accrued interest of all the affected debt securities to be due and payable immediately. A similar right exists for the trustee and the holders of not less than 33% of all outstanding debt securities issued under an indenture, in the event of a default in the performance of any covenants or agreements applicable to all outstanding debt securities. Under the senior debt indenture, if an event of default occurs involving certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, all unpaid principal of all the securities then outstanding, and interest accrued thereon, if any, shall be due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder.

Upon conditions specified in the indentures, however, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the affected outstanding series of debt securities, or of all the debt securities as the case may be, voting as a single class, may waive past defaults under the indentures. Such a waiver may not occur where there is a continuing default in payment of principal, any premium or interest on the affected debt securities.

The indentures entitle the trustee to obtain assurances of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it by the debt security holders against the costs, expenses and liabilities for any actions taken by the trustee at the request of the security holders. The right of the trustee to indemnity or security is subject to the trustee carrying out its duties with a level of care or standard of care that is generally acceptable and reasonable under the circumstances. An indemnity or indemnification is an undertaking by one party to reimburse another upon the occurrence of an anticipated loss.

Subject to the right of the trustee to indemnification as described above and except as otherwise described in the indentures, the indentures provide that the holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the affected outstanding debt securities of each series, treated as one class, may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding to exercise any trust or power conferred in the indentures or for any remedy available to the trustee.

The indentures provide that no holders of debt securities may institute any action against us, except for actions for payment of overdue principal, any premium or interest or any additional amounts, unless:

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The indentures provide that we will file annually with the trustee a certificate either stating that no default exists or specifying any default that does exist.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Except as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, we can discharge and defease our obligations under the applicable indenture and debt securities as set forth below and as provided in the indentures. For purposes of the indentures, obligations with respect to debt securities are discharged and defeased when, through the fulfillment of the conditions summarized below, we are released and discharged from performing any further obligations under the relevant indenture with respect to the debt securities. Covenant defeasance occurs when we are released from performing any further obligations under specific covenants in the relevant indenture relating to the debt securities.

Except as set forth in the prospectus supplement, we may elect to be discharged from any and all future obligations with respect to debt securities of a particular series or debt securities within a particular series if the debt securities that remain outstanding (1) have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation, (2) have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year or (3) are scheduled for redemption within one year. We may make such discharge by irrevocably depositing cash with the trustee in an amount sufficient to pay in full the principal, any premium, interest and additional amounts on the relevant debt securities when due.

Except as set forth in the prospectus supplement, we may elect to defease and be discharged from all of our obligations contained in the indentures or from specific obligations under the covenants contained in the indentures with respect to any debt securities of or within a series. We may make this defeasance election by irrevocably depositing cash or U.S. government obligations with the trustee in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay in full the principal, any premium, interest and additional amounts on the relevant debt securities when due.

As a condition to any such defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must provide the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the affected debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance and will be taxed by the U.S. federal government on the same amounts, in the same manner, and at the same times as if the defeasance had not occurred. This opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance of all obligations with respect to any debt securities, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or a change in applicable U.S. federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture.

We may exercise our defeasance option notwithstanding any prior covenant defeasance upon the affected debt securities. If we exercise our defeasance option, payment of the affected debt securities may not be accelerated because of an event of default. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option, payment of the affected debt securities may not be accelerated by reason of a default or an event of default with respect to the covenants which have been defeased. If, however, acceleration of the indebtedness under the debt securities occurs by reason of another event of default, the value of the money and government obligations in the defeasance trust on the date of acceleration could be less than the principal and interest then due on the affected securities because the required defeasance deposit is based upon scheduled cash flow rather than market value, which will vary depending upon interest rates and other factors.

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Modification of the Indentures

The indentures provide that we and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of outstanding debt securities to:

The indentures also permit us and the trustee, with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of outstanding affected debt securities of all series issued under the relevant indenture, voting as one class, to change, in any manner, the relevant indenture and the rights of the holders of debt securities of each such series issued under that indenture. However, the consent of each holder of an affected debt security is required for changes that:

The subordinated debt indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior debt securities that would be adversely affected by the amendment. The junior subordinated debt indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding junior subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities that would be adversely affected by the amendment.

Payment of Additional Amounts

Unless otherwise described in a prospectus supplement, we will make all payments of principal of and premium, if any, interest and any other amounts on, or in respect of, the debt securities without withholding or deduction at source for, or on account of, any present or future taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever nature imposed or levied by or on behalf of Bermuda or any other jurisdiction in which we are organized (each, a “taxing jurisdiction”) or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein,

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unless such taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges are required to be withheld or deducted by (1) the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of a taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein or (2) an official position regarding the application, administration, interpretation or enforcement of any such laws, regulations or rulings (including, without limitation, a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a taxing authority in a taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof). If a withholding or deduction at source is required, we will, subject to the limitations and exceptions described below, pay to the holder of any debt securities such additional amounts as may be necessary so that every net payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or any other amount made to such holder, after the withholding or deduction, will not be less than the amount provided for in such debt security or in the indenture to be then due and payable.

We will not be required to pay any additional amounts for or on account of:

In addition, we will not pay additional amounts with respect to any payment of principal of, or premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on, any such debt security to any holder who is a fiduciary or partnership or other than the sole beneficial owner of such debt security if such payment would be required by the laws of the relevant taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or relevant taxing authority thereof or therein) to be included in the income for tax purposes of a beneficiary or settlor with respect to such fiduciary or a member of such partnership or a beneficial owner to the extent such beneficiary, settlor, member or beneficial owner would not have been entitled to such additional amounts had it been the holder of the debt security.

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Redemption for Tax Purposes

Unless otherwise described in a prospectus supplement, we may redeem the debt securities of a series at our option, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts, if any, to the date fixed for redemption, at any time we receive an opinion of counsel that as a result of (1) any change in or amendment to the laws or treaties (or any regulations or rulings promulgated under these laws or treaties) of Bermuda or any other taxing jurisdiction (or of any political subdivision or taxation authority affecting taxation) or any change in the application or official interpretation of such laws, treaties, regulations or rulings, (2) any action taken by a taxing authority of Bermuda or any other taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or taxing authority affecting taxation) which action is generally applied or is taken with respect to us, or (3) a decision rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction in Bermuda or any other taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision) whether or not such decision was rendered with respect to us, there is a substantial probability that we will be required as of the next interest payment date to pay additional amounts with respect to the debt securities of such series as provided in “—Payment of Additional Amounts” above and such requirements cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures (consistent with practices and interpretations generally followed or in effect at the time such measures could be taken) then available. If we elect to redeem the debt securities under this provision, we will give written notice of such election to the trustee and the holders of the debt securities. Interest on the debt securities will cease to accrue unless we default in the payment of the redemption price.

Subordination Under the Subordinated Debt Indenture

The subordinated debt indenture provides that payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to debt securities issued under the subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in that indenture, to all our senior indebtedness.

The subordinated debt indenture defines senior indebtedness as the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to all our indebtedness, whether incurred prior to or after the date of the indenture:

Senior indebtedness also includes all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, and amendments, modifications and supplements to, the indebtedness listed above.

Senior indebtedness does not include:

The subordinated debt indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness that we can incur.

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The holders of all senior indebtedness will be entitled to receive payment of the full amount due on that indebtedness before the holders of any subordinated debt securities receive any payment on account of such subordinated debt securities, in the event:

We may not make any payment of the principal or interest on the subordinated debt securities during a continued default in payment of any senior indebtedness or if any event of default exists under the terms of any senior indebtedness.

Subordination Under the Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture

The junior subordinated debt indenture provides that payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to debt securities issued under the junior subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in that indenture, to all our senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness. The definition and description of senior indebtedness in the junior subordinated debt indenture is the same as the definition and description of senior indebtedness in the subordinated debt indenture as described above under the caption “—Subordination Under the Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

The junior subordinated debt indenture defines subordinated indebtedness as the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to (1) all our subordinated indebtedness, whether incurred prior to or after the date of the junior subordinated indenture, and (2) all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, and amendments, modifications and supplements to, any such subordinated indebtedness, other than any indebtedness which, by its terms or the terms of the instrument creating or evidencing it, is subordinate in right of payment to or pari passu with the junior subordinated debt securities.

The junior subordinated debt indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness that we can incur.

The holders of all senior indebtedness and all subordinated indebtedness will be entitled to receive payment of the full amount due on that indebtedness before the holders of any junior subordinated debt securities receive any payment on account of such junior subordinated debt securities, in the event:

We may not make any payment of the principal or interest on the junior subordinated debt securities during a continued default in payment of any senior indebtedness or any subordinated indebtedness or if any event of default exists under the terms of any senior indebtedness or any subordinated indebtedness.

Conversion Rights

The terms of debt securities of any series that are convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares or our other securities will be described in an applicable prospectus supplement. These terms will describe whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. These terms may

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include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common shares or our other securities to be received by the holders of debt securities would be subject to adjustment. Any such conversion or exchange will comply with applicable Bermuda law, our memorandum of association and bye-laws.

Governing Law

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. Each of AXIS Capital and the trustee, and each holder of our debt securities by its acceptance thereof irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right to a jury trial.

The Indenture Trustees

The Bank of New York Mellon, formerly known as The Bank of New York, acts as the trustee under the senior debt indenture and will act as trustee under the subordinated debt indenture and the junior subordinated debt indenture. The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. acts as trustee under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, acts as trustee under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, will act as trustee under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture, will act as trustee under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture, will act as trustee under the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture, will act as trustee under the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture and as institutional trustee.

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR WARRANTS

The following is a summary of the material terms and conditions of the forms of warrant agreement and warrant certificate representing each warrant. This summary is not complete. Accordingly, we strongly encourage you to refer to these documents for a complete understanding of them, copies of which are or will be included or incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Warrants may be issued independently or together with any securities and may be attached to or separate from the securities. The warrants will be issued under warrant agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The applicable prospectus supplement will state whether any of the general provisions summarized below do not apply to the warrants being offered. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the various factors considered in determining the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued and the exercise price of such warrants.

Warrants

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of warrants we offer, the warrant agreement relating to the warrants and the certificates representing the warrants, including, to the extent applicable:

Certificates representing warrants will be exchangeable for new certificates representing warrants of different denominations, and warrants may be exercised at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Before the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the shares or debt securities issuable upon exercise and will not be entitled to payment of dividends on shares or principal of or any premium or interest on debt securities issuable upon exercise.

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Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase, or receive cash value determined in whole or in part by reference to the performance, level or value of, one or more of the following:

Each, security, instrument, measure or event described above is referred to as “warrant property.”

The prospectus supplement or supplements will describe what we may deliver to satisfy our obligations with respect to any warrants.

No holder of a warrant will, as such, have any rights of a holder of the warrant property purchasable under or referenced in the warrant, including any right to receive interest, dividends, distributions or other payments thereunder. Any securities deliverable by us with respect to any warrants will be freely transferable by the holder.

Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date described in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon receipt of payment and the certificate representing the warrant properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other offices indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the securities issuable upon exercise. If less than all of the warrants represented by the certificate are exercised, a new certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants.

Warrant Agreements Will Not Generally be Qualified Under Trust Indenture Act

Warrant agreements will not generally be qualified as indentures, and warrant agents will not generally be required to qualify as trustees, under the Trust Indenture Act. Therefore, holders of warrants issued under a warrant agreement may not have the protection of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to their warrants.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders

In the case of any warrants issued under warrant agreements that are not qualified as indentures under the Trust Indenture Act, each warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the issuance and exercise of the applicable warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any registered holder of or owner of a beneficial interest in any warrant. A warrant agent will not be obligated to take any action on behalf of those holders or owners to protect their rights under the warrants.

Holders may, without the consent of the applicable warrant agent, enforce by appropriate legal action, on their own behalf, their right to exercise their warrants, to receive debt securities, in the case of debt warrants, and to receive delivery of warrant property or payment, if any, for their warrants, in the case of other warrants.

Governing Law

Unless otherwise stated in the prospectus supplement or supplements, the warrants and each warrant agreement will be governed by New York law.

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DESCRIPTION OF AXIS FINANCE DEBT SECURITIES AND AXIS CAPITAL DEBT GUARANTEES

The following is a summary of the material terms and conditions of the forms of indentures and debt securities AXIS Finance may issue from time to time. The summary is not complete. Accordingly, we strongly encourage you to refer to these documents for a complete understanding of them, copies of which are or will be included or incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

For purposes of the description set forth under “Description of AXIS Finance Debt Securities and AXIS Capital Debt Guarantees,” references to “AXIS Finance” refer to AXIS Finance and not to any subsidiaries and references to “AXIS Capital” refer to AXIS Capital and not to any of its subsidiaries.

The AXIS Finance Senior Debt Indenture, the AXIS Finance Subordinated Debt Indenture and the AXIS Finance Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture

AXIS Finance, an indirect and wholly owned subsidiary of AXIS Capital, may issue debt securities, consisting of notes, debentures or other indebtedness, from time to time in one or more series. The debt securities of AXIS Finance will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by AXIS Capital, but will not be guaranteed by any subsidiaries of AXIS Capital. AXIS Finance will issue any senior debt securities pursuant to the senior debt indenture dated as of March 23, 2010 among AXIS Finance, as issuer, AXIS Capital, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Such senior debt indenture is referred to in this prospectus as the “AXIS Finance senior debt indenture.” AXIS Finance will issue any subordinated debt securities pursuant to a subordinated debt indenture to be entered into among AXIS Finance, as issuer, AXIS Capital, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Such subordinated debt indenture is referred to in this section as the “AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture.” AXIS Finance will issue any junior subordinated debt securities pursuant to a junior subordinated debt indenture to be entered into among AXIS Finance, as issuer, AXIS Capital, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Such junior subordinated debt indenture is referred to in this section as the “AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture.” The AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture are collectively referred to in this section as the “AXIS Finance indentures.”

The AXIS Finance senior debt indenture is substantially the same as the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture except that (1) the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, unlike the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture, restricts the ability of AXIS Capital to dispose of its restricted subsidiaries and to use the shares of its restricted subsidiaries to secure any of its indebtedness, unless it grants a similar security interest in these subsidiary shares to the holders of the debt securities issued pursuant to the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture and (2) the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture, unlike the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, provide for debt securities that are specifically made junior in right of payment to other specified indebtedness of AXIS Finance. None of the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture or the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture limits the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness that AXIS Finance may issue, or that AXIS Capital may guarantee, from time to time.

Senior, Subordinated and Junior Subordinated Debt Securities

The debt securities will be AXIS Finance’s unsecured senior, subordinated or junior subordinated obligations. The term “senior” is generally used to describe debt obligations that entitle the holder to receive payment of principal and interest upon the happening of specified events prior to the holders of “subordinated” debt and “junior subordinated” debt. The term “subordinated” is generally used to describe debt obligations that

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entitle the holder to receive payment of principal and interest upon the happening of specified events prior to the holders of “junior subordinated” debt. Events that can trigger the right of (i) holders of senior debt securities to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments to the holders of subordinated and junior subordinated indebtedness and (ii) holders of subordinated debt securities to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments to the holders of junior subordinated indebtedness include insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, receivership, reorganization or an event of default under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture or the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture, as applicable.

AXIS Finance may issue the senior debt securities pursuant to the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture in one or more series. All series of senior debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The senior debt securities also will rank equally with all of AXIS Finance’s other unsecured indebtedness, other than unsecured indebtedness expressly designated by the holders thereof to be subordinate to its senior debt securities.

AXIS Finance may issue the subordinated debt securities pursuant to the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture in one or more series. All series of subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate in right of payment in respect of principal, any premium or interest owing under the subordinated debt securities to all of AXIS Finance’s senior indebtedness in the manner described below under the caption “—Subordination Under the AXIS Finance Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

AXIS Finance may issue the junior subordinated debt securities pursuant to the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture in one or more series. All series of junior subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate in right of payment in respect of principal and any premium or interest owing under the junior subordinated debt securities to all of AXIS Finance’s senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness in the manner described below under the caption “—Subordination Under the AXIS Finance Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

AXIS Finance is a finance subsidiary with no operations or assets other than in such capacity, and AXIS Capital is a holding company and has no direct operations. Accordingly, the credit character of the AXIS Finance debt securities is comparable to debt issued by a holding company. The ability of AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital to make payments on the debt securities and the guarantee depends almost exclusively on the ability of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries to pay dividends and make intercompany transfers. The notes will be effectively subordinated to the obligations of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries, other than AXIS Finance, meaning that holders of the notes will have a junior position to the claims of creditors of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries (including policyholders, trade creditors, debt holders, taxing authorities, guarantee holders and preference shareholders) on their assets and earnings. AXIS Capital’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to significant regulatory restrictions limiting their ability to declare and pay dividends. See “Risk Factors” and our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year.

Additionally, the senior debt securities issued pursuant to the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, the subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture, the junior subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture and the guarantees will effectively be subordinated to any indebtedness of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries. In the event of a bankruptcy, receivership, state-ordered rehabilitation, liquidation or similar event involving a subsidiary, the assets of that subsidiary would be used to satisfy claims of policyholders and creditors of the subsidiary rather than its creditors. As a result of the application of the subsidiary’s assets to satisfy claims of policyholders and creditors, the value of the stock of the subsidiary would be diminished and perhaps rendered worthless. Any such diminution in the value of the shares of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries would adversely impact its financial condition and possibly impair its ability to meet its obligations on the guarantees. In addition, any liquidation of the assets of any of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries to satisfy claims of the subsidiary’s policyholders and creditors

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might make it impossible for such subsidiary to pay dividends to AXIS Capital. This inability to pay dividends would further impair AXIS Capital’s ability to satisfy its obligations under the guarantees.

Further, in the event of a bankruptcy or other liquidation event involving a distribution of assets to satisfy AXIS Finance’s or AXIS Capital’s outstanding indebtedness or an event of default under a loan agreement relating to the secured indebtedness, the holders of AXIS Finance’s or AXIS Capital’s secured indebtedness would be entitled to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments on debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture.

Guarantees

The payment obligations of AXIS Finance pursuant to the debt securities will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by AXIS Capital. None of the subsidiaries of AXIS Capital will guarantee or have an obligation in respect of the debt securities.

Prospectus Supplements

A prospectus supplement will describe the terms of each series of debt securities AXIS Finance offers and the related guarantees, including, to the extent applicable:

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Holders of the debt securities may present their securities for exchange and may present registered debt securities for transfer in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as limited by the applicable indenture, AXIS Finance will provide these services without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the exchange or transfer.

Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate as specified in the prospectus supplement. In addition, if specified in the prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance may sell debt securities bearing no interest or interest at a rate that at the time of issuance is below the prevailing market rate, or at a discount below their stated principal amount. AXIS Finance will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to these discounted debt securities.

AXIS Finance may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on any interest payment date, to be determined by referring to one or more currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity indices or other factors. Holders of such debt securities may receive a principal amount on any principal payment date, or interest payments on any interest payment date, that are greater or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates, depending upon the value on such dates of applicable currency, commodity, equity index or other factors. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to how AXIS Finance will determine the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, as well as the currencies, commodities, equity indices or other factors to which the amount payable on that date relates and certain additional tax considerations.

Covenants Applicable to the Debt Securities

Limitations on Liens. Under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, so long as any debt securities are outstanding, neither AXIS Capital nor any of its restricted subsidiaries may use any voting stock of a restricted subsidiary as security for any of its respective debt or other obligations unless any AXIS Finance debt securities and related guarantee issued under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture are secured to the same extent as that debt or other obligation. This restriction does not apply to liens existing at the time a corporation becomes AXIS Capital’s restricted subsidiary or any renewal or extension of existing liens and does not apply to shares of subsidiaries that are not “restricted subsidiaries.”

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The AXIS Finance senior debt indenture defines “restricted subsidiaries” as (1) AXIS Specialty Limited; (2) any other present or future subsidiary of AXIS Capital, the consolidated total assets of which constitute at least 20% of its total consolidated assets; and (3) any successor to any such subsidiary. As of September 30, 2019, the consolidated total assets of each of AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Company, AXIS Re SE (and their respective holding companies, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited and AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited) constituted at least 20% of AXIS Capital’s total consolidated assets.

Consolidation, Merger, Amalgamation and Sale of Assets. The AXIS Finance indentures provide that AXIS Finance or AXIS Capital will not (1) consolidate with or merge or amalgamate into a third party, (2) sell, other than for cash, all or substantially all of its assets to any third party or (3) purchase all or substantially all of the assets of any third party, unless:

In the context of a consolidation, merger or amalgamation or sale or purchase of assets, the successor entity is the entity that assumes or otherwise becomes obligated for the rights and obligations of the other party or parties to the transaction.

The limitations on the transactions described above do not apply to a recapitalization, change of control or highly leveraged transaction unless the transaction involves a transaction enumerated above. In addition, the AXIS Finance indentures do not include any provisions that would increase interest, provide an option to dispose of securities at a fixed price or otherwise protect debt security holders in the event of any recapitalization, change of control or highly leveraged transaction.

The indentures relating to the AXIS Finance debt securities permits the surviving entity following a consolidation, merger or certain other action of the issuer or the guarantor to be organized under the laws of jurisdictions other than the United States or Bermuda. It is possible as a result that the jurisdiction of organization of such a surviving entity could impose withholding on payments made on the AXIS Finance debt securities. The terms of the AXIS Finance debt securities do not provide for the payment of additional amounts to holders in such a circumstance.

Restrictions on Dispositions. The AXIS Finance senior debt indenture provides that, except in a transaction otherwise governed by such indenture, neither AXIS Capital nor any of its restricted subsidiaries may issue, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of the voting stock of a restricted subsidiary so long as any of the AXIS Finance debt securities remain outstanding. However, exceptions to this restriction include situations where:

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The AXIS Finance senior debt indenture does not restrict the merger or consolidation of an AXIS Capital subsidiary into or with another person or the transfer of assets from a restricted subsidiary of AXIS Capital to any other person, including AXIS Finance, AXIS Capital or another of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries.

Commission Reports. Under the AXIS Finance indentures, AXIS Capital is required to provide to the trustee, within 15 days after it files such annual and quarterly reports, information, documents and other reports with the SEC, copies of its annual report and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which it is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the trustee is for informational purposes only and the trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including AXIS Finance’s or AXIS Capital’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates). The trustee shall be under no obligation to analyze or make any credit decisions with respect to reports or other information received by it, but shall hold such reports and other information solely for the benefit of, and review by, the security holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, AXIS Capital will be deemed to have satisfied these requirements if (i) AXIS Capital has filed such reports, information or documents with the SEC via the EDGAR (or successor) filing system or (ii) AXIS Capital has made such reports, information or documents otherwise available electronically.

Events of Default

Unless AXIS Finance provides other or substitute events of default in a prospectus supplement, the following events will constitute an event of default under the applicable indenture with respect to a series of debt securities:

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The AXIS Finance indentures provide that, under limited conditions specified in the AXIS Finance indentures, where an event of default occurs and is continuing, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 33% in aggregate principal amount of each affected series of debt securities issued under the relevant AXIS Finance indenture (voting as a single class) may declare the principal and accrued interest of all the affected debt securities to be due and payable immediately. A similar right exists for the trustee and the holders of not less than 33% of all outstanding debt securities issued under an indenture, in the event of a default in the performance of any covenants or agreements applicable to all outstanding debt securities. Under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture, if an event of default occurs involving certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, all unpaid principal of all the securities then outstanding, and interest accrued thereon, if any, shall be due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder.

Upon conditions specified in the AXIS Finance indentures, however, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the affected outstanding series of debt securities, or of all the debt securities as the case may be, voting as a single class, may waive past defaults under the AXIS Finance indentures. Such a waiver may not occur where there is a continuing default in payment of principal, any premium or interest on the affected debt securities.

The AXIS Finance indentures entitle the trustee to obtain assurances of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it by the debt security holders against the costs, expenses and liabilities for any actions taken by the trustee at the request of the security holders. The right of the trustee to indemnity or security is subject to the trustee carrying out its duties with a level of care or standard of care that is generally acceptable and reasonable under the circumstances. An indemnity or indemnification is an undertaking by one party to reimburse another upon the occurrence of an anticipated loss.

Subject to the right of the trustee to indemnification as described above and except as otherwise described in the AXIS Finance indentures, the AXIS Finance indentures provide that the holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the affected outstanding debt securities of each series, treated as one class, may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding to exercise any trust or power conferred in the AXIS Finance indentures or for any remedy available to the trustee.

The AXIS Finance indentures provide that no holders of debt securities may institute any action against AXIS Finance, except for actions for payment of overdue principal, any premium or interest, unless:

The AXIS Finance indentures provide that AXIS Finance will file annually with the trustee a certificate either stating that no default exists or specifying any default that does exist.

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Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Except as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital can discharge and defease obligations of AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital under the applicable indenture, debt securities and guarantees as set forth below and as provided in the AXIS Finance indentures. For purposes of the AXIS Finance indentures, obligations with respect to debt securities and guarantees are discharged and defeased when, through the fulfillment of the conditions summarized below, AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital are released and discharged from performing any further obligations under the relevant AXIS Finance indenture with respect to the debt securities. Covenant defeasance occurs when AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital are released from performing any further obligations under specific covenants in the relevant AXIS Finance indenture relating to the debt securities.

Except as set forth in the prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital may elect to be discharged from any and all future obligations with respect to debt securities of a particular series and the related guarantees or debt securities within a particular series and the related guarantees if the debt securities that remain outstanding (1) have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation, (2) have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year or (3) are scheduled for redemption within one year. AXIS Finance or AXIS Capital may make such discharge by irrevocably depositing cash with the trustee in an amount sufficient to pay in full the principal, any premium, and interest on the relevant debt securities when due.

Except as set forth in the prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital may elect to defease and be discharged from all of their obligations contained in the AXIS Finance indentures or from specific obligations under the covenants contained in the AXIS Finance indentures with respect to any debt securities of or within a series and the related guarantees. AXIS Finance or AXIS Capital may make this defeasance election by irrevocably depositing cash or U.S. government obligations with the trustee in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay in full the principal of and any premium and interest on the relevant debt securities when due.

As a condition to any such defeasance or covenant defeasance, AXIS Finance must provide the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the affected debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance and will be taxed by the U.S. federal government on the same amounts, in the same manner, and at the same times as if the defeasance had not occurred. This opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance of all obligations with respect to any debt securities, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the IRS or a change in applicable U.S. federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture.

AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital may exercise the defeasance option notwithstanding any prior covenant defeasance upon the affected debt securities and guarantees. If AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital exercise the defeasance option, payment of the affected debt securities and guarantees may not be accelerated because of an event of default. If AXIS Finance and AXIS Capital exercise the covenant defeasance option, payment of the affected debt securities and related guarantees may not be accelerated by reason of a default or an event of default with respect to the covenants which have been defeased. If, however, acceleration of the indebtedness under the debt securities and related guarantees occurs by reason of another event of default, the value of the money and government obligations in the defeasance trust on the date of acceleration could be less than the principal and interest then due on the affected securities because the required defeasance deposit is based upon scheduled cash flow rather than market value, which will vary depending upon interest rates and other factors.

Modification of the AXIS Finance Indentures

The AXIS Finance indentures provide that AXIS Finance, AXIS Capital and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of outstanding debt securities to:

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The AXIS Finance indentures also permit AXIS Finance, AXIS Capital and the trustee, with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of outstanding affected debt securities of all series issued under the relevant indenture, voting as one class, to change, in any manner, the relevant indenture and the rights of the holders of debt securities of each such series issued under that indenture. However, the consent of each holder of an affected debt security is required for changes that:

The AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior debt securities that would be adversely affected by the amendment. The AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding junior subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities that would be adversely affected by the amendment.

Subordination Under the AXIS Finance Subordinated Debt Indenture

The AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture provides that payment of the principal, any premium and interest with respect to debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in that indenture, to all AXIS Finance’s senior indebtedness.

The AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture defines senior indebtedness as the principal of and any premium and interest on all its indebtedness, whether incurred prior to or after the date of the indenture:

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AXIS Finance senior indebtedness also includes all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, and amendments, modifications and supplements to, the indebtedness listed above.

AXIS Finance senior indebtedness does not include:

The AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness that AXIS Finance can incur.

The holders of all AXIS Finance senior indebtedness will be entitled to receive payment of the full amount due on that indebtedness before the holders of any AXIS Finance subordinated debt securities receive any payment on account of such subordinated debt securities, in the event:

AXIS Finance may not make any payment of the principal or interest on the subordinated debt securities during a continued default in payment of any AXIS Finance senior indebtedness or if any event of default exists under the terms of any AXIS Finance senior indebtedness.

The obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees will be subordinated obligations of AXIS Capital. As such, the rights of holders to receive payment pursuant to guarantees will be subordinated in right of payment to the rights of holders of senior indebtedness of AXIS Capital. The subordination provisions described above with respect to AXIS Finance’s obligations under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt securities apply equally to the obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees.

Subordination Under the AXIS Finance Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture

The AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture provides that payment of the principal, any premium and interest with respect to debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in that indenture, to all AXIS Finance’s senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness. The definition and description of senior indebtedness in the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture is the same as the definition and description of senior indebtedness in the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture as described above under the caption “—Subordination Under the AXIS Finance Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

The AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture defines subordinated indebtedness as the principal of and any premium and interest on (1) all AXIS Finance’s subordinated indebtedness, whether incurred prior to or after the date of the AXIS Finance junior subordinated indenture, and (2) all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, and amendments, modifications and supplements to, any such subordinated indebtedness, other than any indebtedness which, by its terms or the terms of the instrument creating or evidencing it, is subordinate in right of payment to or pari passu with the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt securities.

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The AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness that AXIS Finance can incur.

The holders of all AXIS Finance senior indebtedness and all AXIS Finance subordinated indebtedness will be entitled to receive payment of the full amount due on that indebtedness before the holders of any AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt securities receive any payment on account of such junior subordinated debt securities, in the event:

AXIS Finance may not make any payment of the principal or interest on the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt securities during a continued default in payment of any AXIS Finance senior indebtedness or any AXIS Finance subordinated indebtedness or if any event of default exists under the terms of any AXIS Finance senior indebtedness or any AXIS Finance subordinated indebtedness.

The obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees will be junior subordinated obligations of AXIS Capital. As such, the rights of holders to receive payment pursuant to guarantees will be subordinated in right of payment to the rights of holders of senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness of AXIS Capital. The subordination provisions described above with respect to AXIS Finance’s obligations under the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt securities apply equally to the obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees.

Conversion Rights

The terms of debt securities of any series that are convertible into or exchangeable for common shares or other securities of AXIS Finance will be described in an applicable prospectus supplement. These terms will describe whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at the option of AXIS Finance. These terms may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of common shares or other securities of AXIS Finance to be received by the holders of debt securities would be subject to adjustment. Any such conversion or exchange will comply with applicable Delaware law and the memorandum of association and bye-laws of AXIS Finance.

Governing Law

The AXIS Finance indentures, the debt securities and the guarantees will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. Each of AXIS Finance, AXIS Capital and the trustee, and each holder of AXIS Finance debt securities by its acceptance thereof irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right to a jury trial.

The Indenture Trustees

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. acts as trustee under the AXIS Finance senior debt indenture and will act as trustee under the AXIS Finance subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance junior subordinated debt indenture. The Bank of New York Mellon, formerly known as The Bank of New York, acts as the trustee under the AXIS Capital senior debt indenture and will act as trustee under the AXIS Capital subordinated debt indenture, the AXIS Capital junior subordinated debt indenture and as institutional trustee.

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DESCRIPTION OF AXIS FINANCE PLC DEBT SECURITIES AND AXIS CAPITAL DEBT GUARANTEES

The following is a summary of the material terms and conditions of the forms of indentures and debt securities AXIS Finance PLC may issue from time to time. The summary is not complete. Accordingly, we strongly encourage you to refer to these documents for a complete understanding of them, copies of which are or will be included or incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

For purposes of the description set forth under “Description of AXIS Finance PLC Debt Securities and AXIS Capital Debt Guarantees,” references to “AXIS Finance PLC” refer to AXIS Finance PLC and not to any subsidiaries and references to “AXIS Capital” refer to AXIS Capital and not to any of its subsidiaries.

The AXIS Finance PLC Senior Debt Indenture, the AXIS Finance PLC Subordinated Debt Indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture

AXIS Finance PLC, an indirect and wholly owned subsidiary of AXIS Capital, may issue debt securities, consisting of notes, debentures or other indebtedness, from time to time in one or more series. The debt securities of AXIS Finance PLC will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by AXIS Capital, but will not be guaranteed by any subsidiaries of AXIS Capital. AXIS Finance PLC will issue any senior debt securities pursuant to the senior debt indenture dated as of March 13, 2014 among AXIS Finance PLC, as issuer, AXIS Capital, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Such senior debt indenture is referred to in this prospectus as the “AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture.” AXIS Finance PLC will issue any subordinated debt securities pursuant to a subordinated debt indenture to be entered into among AXIS Finance PLC, as issuer, AXIS Capital, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Such subordinated debt indenture is referred to in this section as the “AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture.” AXIS Finance PLC will issue any junior subordinated debt securities pursuant to a junior subordinated debt indenture to be entered into among AXIS Finance PLC, as issuer, AXIS Capital, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Such junior subordinated debt indenture is referred to in this section as the “AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture.” The AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture are collectively referred to in this section as the “AXIS Finance PLC indentures.”

The AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture is substantially the same as the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture except that (1) the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, unlike the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture, restricts the ability of AXIS Capital to dispose of its restricted subsidiaries and to use the shares of its restricted subsidiaries to secure any of its indebtedness, unless it grants a similar security interest in these subsidiary shares to the holders of the debt securities issued pursuant to the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture and (2) the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture, unlike the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, provide for debt securities that are specifically made junior in right of payment to other specified indebtedness of AXIS Finance PLC. None of the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture or the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture limits the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness that AXIS Finance PLC may issue, or that AXIS Capital may guarantee, from time to time.

Senior, Subordinated and Junior Subordinated Debt Securities

The debt securities will be AXIS Finance PLC’s unsecured senior, subordinated or junior subordinated obligations. The term “senior” is generally used to describe debt obligations that entitle the holder to receive

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payment of principal and interest upon the happening of specified events prior to the holders of “subordinated” debt and “junior subordinated” debt. The term “subordinated” is also generally used to describe debt obligations that entitle the holder to receive payment of principal and interest upon the happening of specified events prior to the holders of “junior subordinated” debt. Events that can trigger the right of (i) holders of senior debt securities to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments to the holders of subordinated and junior subordinated indebtedness and (ii) holders of subordinated debt securities to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments to the holders of junior subordinated indebtedness include insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, receivership, reorganization or an event of default under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture or the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture, as applicable.

AXIS Finance PLC may issue the senior debt securities pursuant to the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture in one or more series. All series of senior debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The senior debt securities also will rank equally with all of AXIS Finance PLC’s other unsecured indebtedness, other than unsecured indebtedness expressly designated by the holders thereof to be subordinate to its senior debt securities.

AXIS Finance PLC may issue the subordinated debt securities pursuant to the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture in one or more series. All series of subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate in right of payment in respect of principal, any premium or interest on and any additional amounts owing under the subordinated debt securities to all of AXIS Finance PLC’s senior indebtedness in the manner described below under the caption “—Subordination Under the AXIS Finance PLC Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

AXIS Finance PLC may issue the junior subordinated debt securities pursuant to the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture in one or more series. All series of junior subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture will be equal in ranking. The debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate in right of payment in respect of principal, any premium or interest on and any additional amounts owing under the junior subordinated debt securities to all of AXIS Finance PLC’s senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness in the manner described below under the caption “—Subordination Under the AXIS Finance PLC Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

AXIS Finance PLC is a finance subsidiary with no operations or assets other than in such capacity, and AXIS Capital is a holding company and has no direct operations. Accordingly, the credit character of the AXIS Finance PLC debt securities is comparable to debt issued by a holding company. The ability of AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital to make payments on the debt securities and the guarantee depends almost exclusively on the ability of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries to pay dividends and make intercompany transfers. The notes will be effectively subordinated to the obligations of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries, other than AXIS Finance PLC, meaning that holders of the notes will have a junior position to the claims of creditors of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries (including policyholders, trade creditors, debt holders, taxing authorities, guarantee holders and preference shareholders) on their assets and earnings. AXIS Capital’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to significant regulatory restrictions limiting their ability to declare and pay dividends. See “Risk Factors” and our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year.

Additionally, the senior debt securities issued pursuant to the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, the subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture, the junior subordinated debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture and the guarantees will effectively be subordinated to any indebtedness of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries. In the event of a bankruptcy, receivership, state-ordered rehabilitation, liquidation or similar event involving a subsidiary, the assets of that subsidiary would be used to satisfy claims of policyholders and creditors of the subsidiary rather than its creditors. As a result of the application of the subsidiary’s assets to satisfy claims of policyholders and

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creditors, the value of the stock of the subsidiary would be diminished and perhaps rendered worthless. Any such diminution in the value of the shares of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries would adversely impact its financial condition and possibly impair its ability to meet its obligations on the guarantees. In addition, any liquidation of the assets of any of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries to satisfy claims of the subsidiary’s policyholders and creditors might make it impossible for such subsidiary to pay dividends to AXIS Capital. This inability to pay dividends would further impair AXIS Capital’s ability to satisfy its obligations under the guarantees.

Further, in the event of a bankruptcy or other liquidation event involving a distribution of assets to satisfy AXIS Finance PLC’s or AXIS Capital’s outstanding indebtedness or an event of default under a loan agreement relating to the secured indebtedness, the holders of AXIS Finance PLC’s or AXIS Capital’s secured indebtedness would be entitled to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments on debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture.

Guarantees

The payment obligations of AXIS Finance PLC pursuant to the debt securities will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by AXIS Capital. None of the subsidiaries of AXIS Capital will guarantee or have an obligation in respect of the debt securities.

Prospectus Supplements

A prospectus supplement will describe the terms of each series of debt securities AXIS Finance PLC offers and the related guarantees, including, to the extent applicable:

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Holders of the debt securities may present their securities for exchange and may present registered debt securities for transfer in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as limited by the applicable indenture, AXIS Finance PLC will provide these services without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the exchange or transfer.

Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate as specified in the prospectus supplement. In addition, if specified in the prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance PLC may sell debt securities bearing no interest or interest at a rate that at the time of issuance is below the prevailing market rate, or at a discount below their stated principal amount. AXIS Finance PLC will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to these discounted debt securities.

AXIS Finance PLC may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on any interest payment date, to be determined by referring to one or more currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity indices or other factors. Holders of such debt securities may receive a principal amount on any principal payment date, or interest payments on any interest payment date, that are greater or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates, depending upon the value on such dates of applicable currency, commodity, equity index or other factors. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to how AXIS Finance PLC will determine the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, as well as the currencies, commodities, equity indices or other factors to which the amount payable on that date relates and certain additional tax considerations.

Covenants Applicable to the Debt Securities

Limitations on Liens. Under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, so long as any debt securities are outstanding, neither AXIS Capital nor any of its restricted subsidiaries may use any voting stock of a restricted

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subsidiary as security for any of its respective debt or other obligations unless any AXIS Finance PLC debt securities and related guarantee issued under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture are secured to the same extent as that debt or other obligation. This restriction does not apply to liens existing at the time a corporation becomes AXIS Capital’s restricted subsidiary or any renewal or extension of existing liens and does not apply to shares of subsidiaries that are not “restricted subsidiaries.”

The AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture defines “restricted subsidiaries” as (1) AXIS Specialty Limited; (2) any other present or future subsidiary of AXIS Capital, the consolidated total assets of which constitute at least 20% of its total consolidated assets; and (3) any successor to any such subsidiary. As of September 30, 2019, the consolidated total assets of each of AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Company, AXIS Re SE (and their respective holding companies, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited and AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited) constituted at least 20% of AXIS Capital’s total consolidated assets.

Consolidation, Merger, Amalgamation and Sale of Assets. The AXIS Finance PLC indentures provide that AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital will not (1) consolidate with or merge or amalgamate into a third party, (2) sell, other than for cash, all or substantially all of its assets to any third party or (3) purchase all or substantially all of the assets of any third party, unless:

In the context of a consolidation, merger or amalgamation or sale or purchase of assets, the successor entity is the entity that assumes or otherwise becomes obligated for the rights and obligations of the other party or parties to the transaction.

The limitations on the transactions described above do not apply to a recapitalization, change of control or highly leveraged transaction unless the transaction involves a transaction enumerated above. In addition, the AXIS Finance PLC indentures do not include any provisions that would increase interest, provide an option to dispose of securities at a fixed price or otherwise protect debt security holders in the event of any recapitalization, change of control or highly leveraged transaction.

The indentures relating to the AXIS Finance PLC debt securities permits the surviving entity following a consolidation, merger or certain other action of the issuer or the guarantor to be organized under the laws of jurisdictions other than the United States or Bermuda. It is possible as a result that the jurisdiction of organization of such a surviving entity could impose withholding on payments made on the AXIS Finance PLC debt securities.

Restrictions on Dispositions. The AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture provides that, except in a transaction otherwise governed by such indenture, neither AXIS Capital nor any of its restricted subsidiaries may issue, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of the voting stock of a restricted subsidiary so long as any

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of the AXIS Finance PLC debt securities remain outstanding. However, exceptions to this restriction include situations where:

The AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture does not restrict the merger or consolidation of an AXIS Capital subsidiary into or with another person or the transfer of assets from a restricted subsidiary of AXIS Capital to any other person, including AXIS Finance PLC, AXIS Capital or another of AXIS Capital’s subsidiaries.

Commission Reports. Under the AXIS Finance PLC indentures, AXIS Capital is required to provide to the trustee, within 15 days after it files such annual and quarterly reports, information, documents and other reports with the SEC, copies of its annual report and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which it is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the trustee is for informational purposes only and the trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including AXIS Finance PLC’s or AXIS Capital’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates). The trustee shall be under no obligation to analyze or make any credit decisions with respect to reports or other information received by it, but shall hold such reports and other information solely for the benefit of, and review by, the security holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, AXIS Capital will be deemed to have satisfied these requirements if (i) AXIS Capital has filed such reports, information or documents with the SEC via the EDGAR (or successor) filing system or (ii) AXIS Capital has made such reports, information or documents otherwise available electronically.

Events of Default

Unless AXIS Finance PLC provides other or substitute events of default in a prospectus supplement, the following events will constitute an event of default under the applicable indenture with respect to a series of debt securities:

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The AXIS Finance PLC indentures provide that, under limited conditions specified in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures, where an event of default occurs and is continuing, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 33% in aggregate principal amount of each affected series of debt securities issued under the relevant AXIS Finance PLC indenture (voting as a single class) may declare the principal and accrued interest of all the affected debt securities to be due and payable immediately. A similar right exists for the trustee and the holders of not less than 33% of all outstanding debt securities issued under an indenture, in the event of a default in the performance of any covenants or agreements applicable to all outstanding debt securities. Under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture, if an event of default occurs involving certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, all unpaid principal of all the securities then outstanding, and interest accrued thereon, if any, shall be due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder.

Upon conditions specified in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures, however, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the affected outstanding series of debt securities, or of all the debt securities as the case may be, voting as a single class, may waive past defaults under the AXIS Finance PLC indentures. Such a waiver may not occur where there is a continuing default in payment of principal, any premium or interest on the affected debt securities.

The AXIS Finance PLC indentures entitle the trustee to obtain assurances of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it by the debt security holders against the costs, expenses and liabilities for any actions taken by the trustee at the request of the security holders. The right of the trustee to indemnity or security is subject to the trustee carrying out its duties with a level of care or standard of care that is generally acceptable and reasonable under the circumstances. An indemnity or indemnification is an undertaking by one party to reimburse another upon the occurrence of an anticipated loss.

Subject to the right of the trustee to indemnification as described above and except as otherwise described in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures, the AXIS Finance PLC indentures provide that the holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the affected outstanding debt securities of each series, treated as one class, may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding to exercise any trust or power conferred in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures or for any remedy available to the trustee.

The AXIS Finance PLC indentures provide that no holders of debt securities may institute any action against AXIS Finance PLC, except for actions for payment of overdue principal, any premium or interest or any additional amounts, unless:

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The AXIS Finance PLC indentures provide that AXIS Finance PLC will file annually with the trustee a certificate either stating that no default exists or specifying any default that does exist.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Except as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital can discharge and defease obligations of AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital under the applicable indenture, debt securities and guarantees as set forth below and as provided in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures. For purposes of the AXIS Finance PLC indentures, obligations with respect to debt securities and guarantees are discharged and defeased when, through the fulfillment of the conditions summarized below, AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital are released and discharged from performing any further obligations under the relevant AXIS Finance PLC indenture with respect to the debt securities. Covenant defeasance occurs when AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital are released from performing any further obligations under specific covenants in the relevant AXIS Finance PLC indenture relating to the debt securities.

Except as set forth in the prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital may elect to be discharged from any and all future obligations with respect to debt securities of a particular series and the related guarantees or debt securities within a particular series and the related guarantees if the debt securities that remain outstanding (1) have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation, (2) have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year or (3) are scheduled for redemption within one year. AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital may make such discharge by irrevocably depositing cash with the trustee in an amount sufficient to pay in full the principal, any premium, interest and additional amounts on the relevant debt securities when due.

Except as set forth in the prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital may elect to defease and be discharged from all of their obligations contained in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures or from specific obligations under the covenants contained in the AXIS Finance PLC indentures with respect to any debt securities of or within a series and the related guarantees. AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital may make this defeasance election by irrevocably depositing cash or U.S. government obligations with the trustee in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay in full the principal, any premium, interest and additional amounts on the relevant debt securities when due.

As a condition to any such defeasance or covenant defeasance, AXIS Finance PLC must provide the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the affected debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance and will be taxed by the U.S. federal government on the same amounts, in the same manner, and at the same times as if the defeasance had not occurred. This opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance of all obligations with respect to any debt securities, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the IRS or a change in applicable U.S. federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture.

AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital may exercise the defeasance option notwithstanding any prior covenant defeasance upon the affected debt securities and guarantees. If AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital exercise the defeasance option, payment of the affected debt securities and guarantees may not be accelerated because of an event of default. If AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital exercise the covenant defeasance option,

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payment of the affected debt securities and related guarantees may not be accelerated by reason of a default or an event of default with respect to the covenants which have been defeased. If, however, acceleration of the indebtedness under the debt securities and related guarantees occurs by reason of another event of default, the value of the money and government obligations in the defeasance trust on the date of acceleration could be less than the principal and interest then due on the affected securities because the required defeasance deposit is based upon scheduled cash flow rather than market value, which will vary depending upon interest rates and other factors.

Modification of the AXIS Finance PLC Indentures

The AXIS Finance PLC indentures provide that AXIS Finance PLC, AXIS Capital and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of outstanding debt securities to:

The AXIS Finance PLC indentures also permit AXIS Finance PLC, AXIS Capital and the trustee, with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of outstanding affected debt securities of all series issued under the relevant indenture, voting as one class, to change, in any manner, the relevant indenture and the rights of the holders of debt securities of each such series issued under that indenture. However, the consent of each holder of an affected debt security is required for changes that:

The AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior debt securities that would be adversely affected by the amendment. The AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding junior subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities that would be adversely affected by the amendment.

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Payment of Additional Amounts

Unless otherwise described in a prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital will make all payments of principal of and premium, if any, interest and any other amounts on, or in respect of, the debt securities or the related guarantees without withholding or deduction at source for, or on account of, any present or future taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever nature imposed or levied by or on behalf of the United Kingdom or Bermuda or any other jurisdiction in which AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital is organized (each, a “taxing jurisdiction”) or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, unless such taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges are required to be withheld or deducted by (1) the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of a taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein or (2) an official position regarding the application, administration, interpretation or enforcement of any such laws, regulations or rulings (including, without limitation, a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a taxing authority in a taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof). If a withholding or deduction at source is required, AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital will, subject to the limitations and exceptions described below, pay to the holder of any debt securities such additional amounts as may be necessary so that every net payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or any other amount made to such holder, after the withholding or deduction, will not be less than the amount provided for in such debt security or in the indenture to be then due and payable.

AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital will not be required to pay any additional amounts for or on account of:

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In addition, AXIS Finance PLC and AXIS Capital will not pay additional amounts with respect to any payment of principal of, or premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on, any such debt security or the related guarantee to any holder who is a fiduciary or partnership or other than the sole beneficial owner of such debt security if such payment would be required by the laws of the relevant taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or relevant taxing authority thereof or therein) to be included in the income for tax purposes of a beneficiary or settlor with respect to such fiduciary or a member of such partnership or a beneficial owner to the extent such beneficiary, settlor, member or beneficial owner would not have been entitled to such additional amounts had it been the holder of the debt security or the related guarantee.

Redemption for Tax Purposes

Unless otherwise described in a prospectus supplement, AXIS Finance PLC may redeem the debt securities of a series at its option, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts, if any, to the date fixed for redemption, at any time AXIS Finance PLC receives an opinion of counsel that as a result of (1) any change in or amendment to the laws or treaties (or any regulations or rulings promulgated under these laws or treaties) of the United Kingdom or Bermuda or any other taxing jurisdiction (or of any political subdivision or taxation authority affecting taxation) or any change in the application or official interpretation of such laws, treaties, regulations or rulings, (2) any action taken by a taxing authority of the United Kingdom or Bermuda or any other taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or taxing authority affecting taxation) which action is generally applied or is taken with respect to AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital, or (3) a decision rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction in the United Kingdom or Bermuda or any other taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision) whether or not such decision was rendered with respect to AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital, there is a substantial probability that AXIS Finance PLC or AXIS Capital will be required as of the next interest payment date to pay additional amounts with respect to the debt securities of such series as provided in “—Payment of Additional Amounts” above and such requirements cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures (consistent with practices and interpretations generally followed or in effect at the time such measures could be taken) then available. If AXIS Finance PLC elects to redeem the debt securities under this provision, AXIS Finance PLC will give written notice of such election to the trustee and the holders of the debt securities. Interest on the debt securities will cease to accrue unless AXIS Finance PLC defaults in the payment of the redemption price.

Subordination Under the AXIS Finance PLC Subordinated Debt Indenture

The AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture provides that payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in that indenture, to all AXIS Finance PLC’s senior indebtedness. The AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture defines senior indebtedness as the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to all its indebtedness, whether incurred prior to or after the date of the indenture:

AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness also includes all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, and amendments, modifications and supplements to, the indebtedness listed above.

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AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness does not include:

The AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness that AXIS Finance PLC can incur.

The holders of all AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness will be entitled to receive payment of the full amount due on that indebtedness before the holders of any AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt securities receive any payment on account of such subordinated debt securities, in the event:

AXIS Finance PLC may not make any payment of the principal or interest on the subordinated debt securities during a continued default in payment of any AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness or if any event of default exists under the terms of any AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness.

The obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees will be subordinated obligations of AXIS Capital. As such, the rights of holders to receive payment pursuant to guarantees will be subordinated in right of payment to the rights of holders of senior indebtedness of AXIS Capital. The subordination provisions described above with respect to AXIS Finance PLC’s obligations under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt securities apply equally to the obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees.

Subordination Under the AXIS Finance PLC Junior Subordinated Debt Indenture

The AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture provides that payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to debt securities issued under the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in that indenture, to all AXIS Finance PLC’s senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness. The definition and description of senior indebtedness in the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture is the same as the definition and description of senior indebtedness in the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture as described above under the caption “—Subordination Under the AXIS Finance PLC Subordinated Debt Indenture.”

The AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture defines subordinated indebtedness as the principal of and any premium and interest on and additional amounts with respect to (1) all AXIS Finance PLC’s subordinated indebtedness, whether incurred prior to or after the date of the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated indenture, and (2) all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, and amendments, modifications and supplements to, any such subordinated indebtedness, other than any indebtedness which, by its terms or the terms of the instrument creating or evidencing it, is subordinate in right of payment to or pari passu with the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt securities.

The AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness that AXIS Finance PLC can incur.

The holders of all AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness and all AXIS Finance PLC subordinated indebtedness will be entitled to receive payment of the full amount due on that indebtedness before the holders of

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any AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt securities receive any payment on account of such junior subordinated debt securities, in the event:

AXIS Finance PLC may not make any payment of the principal or interest on the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt securities during a continued default in payment of any AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness or any AXIS Finance PLC subordinated indebtedness or if any event of default exists under the terms of any AXIS Finance PLC senior indebtedness or any AXIS Finance PLC subordinated indebtedness.

The obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees will be junior subordinated obligations of AXIS Capital. As such, the rights of holders to receive payment pursuant to guarantees will be subordinated in right of payment to the rights of holders of senior indebtedness and subordinated indebtedness of AXIS Capital. The subordination provisions described above with respect to AXIS Finance PLC’s obligations under the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt securities apply equally to the obligations of AXIS Capital under its guarantees.

Conversion Rights

The terms of debt securities of any series that are convertible into or exchangeable for common shares or other securities of AXIS Finance PLC will be described in an applicable prospectus supplement. These terms will describe whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at the option of AXIS Finance PLC. These terms may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of common shares or other securities of AXIS Finance PLC to be received by the holders of debt securities would be subject to adjustment. Any such conversion or exchange will comply with applicable English law and the memorandum of association and bye-laws of AXIS Finance PLC.

Governing Law

The AXIS Finance PLC indentures, the debt securities and the guarantees will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. Each of AXIS Finance PLC, AXIS Capital and the trustee, and each holder of AXIS Finance PLC debt securities by its acceptance thereof irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right to a jury trial.

The Indenture Trustees

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. acts as trustee under the AXIS Finance PLC senior debt indenture and will act as trustee under the AXIS Finance PLC subordinated debt indenture and the AXIS Finance PLC junior subordinated debt indenture. The Bank of New York Mellon, formerly known as The Bank of New York, acts as the trustee under the AXIS Capital senior debt indenture and will act as trustee under the AXIS Capital subordinated debt indenture, the AXIS Capital junior subordinated debt indenture and as institutional trustee.

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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE UNITS

The following is a summary of the material terms and conditions of the forms of purchase contract agreement and purchase unit. This summary is not complete. Accordingly, we strongly encourage you to refer to these documents for a complete understanding of them, copies of which are or will be included or incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You should read the particular terms of the documents, which will be described in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any purchase contract or purchase unit. The purchase contracts and purchase units will be issued pursuant to documents to be entered into by us. We may issue purchase contracts representing contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, at a future date or dates, a specified or varying number or amount of:

Each, security, instrument, measure or event described above is referred to as “purchase contract property.” Alternatively, the purchase contracts may obligate us to purchase from holders, and obligate holders to sell to us, at a future date or dates, a specified or varying number or amount of purchase contract property. The price of purchase contract property may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are entered into or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the purchase contracts.

The purchase contracts may be entered into separately or as a part of a purchase unit that consists of (1) a purchase contract; (2) warrants and/or (3) debt securities, trust preferred securities or debt obligations of third parties (including U.S. treasury securities, other purchase contracts or common shares), that would secure the holders’ obligations to purchase or to sell, as the case may be, purchase contract property under the purchase contract. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders of the purchase units or vice-versa. These payments may be unsecured or prefunded and may be paid on a current or on a deferred basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under the contracts in a specified manner.

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BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT

Most offered securities will be book-entry (global) securities. Upon issuance, all book-entry securities will be represented by one or more fully registered global securities, without coupons. Each global security will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), a securities depository, and will be registered in the name of DTC or a nominee of DTC. DTC will thus be the only registered holder of these securities.

Purchasers of securities may only hold interests in the global securities through DTC if they are participants in the DTC system. Purchasers may also hold interests through a securities intermediary—banks, brokerage houses and other institutions that maintain securities accounts for customers—that has an account with DTC or its nominee. DTC will maintain accounts showing the security holdings of its participants, and these participants will in turn maintain accounts showing the security holdings of their customers. Some of these customers may themselves be securities intermediaries holding securities for their customers. Thus, each beneficial owner of a book-entry security will hold that security indirectly through various intermediaries.

A beneficial owner of a security is able to enjoy rights associated with ownership of the security, even though the beneficial owner is not recognized as the legal owners of the security. The interest of the beneficial owner in the security is considered the beneficial interest. The securities of each beneficial owner of a book-entry security will be evidenced solely by entries on the books of the beneficial owner’s securities intermediary. The actual purchaser of the securities will generally not be entitled to have the securities represented by the global securities registered in its name and will not be considered the owner under the terms of the securities and their governing documents. That means that we and any trustee, issuing and paying agent, registrar or other agent of ours for the securities will be entitled to treat the registered holder, DTC, as the holder of the securities for all purposes. In most cases, a beneficial owner will also not be able to obtain a paper certificate evidencing the holder’s ownership of securities. The book-entry system for holding securities eliminates the need for physical movement of certificates and is the system through which most publicly traded securities are held in the United States. However, the laws of some jurisdictions require some purchasers of securities to take physical delivery of their securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in book-entry securities.

The depositary or its nominee may only transfer a global security in its entirety and only in the following circumstances:

These restrictions on transfer would not apply after the depositary or its nominee, as applicable, exchanged the global security for registered securities issued in definitive form. A beneficial owner of book-entry securities represented by a global security may exchange the securities for definitive (paper) securities only if:

Unless we indicate otherwise, any global security that is so exchangeable will be exchangeable in whole for definitive securities in registered form, with the same terms and of an equal aggregate amount. Definitive securities will be registered in the name or names of the person or persons specified by DTC in a written instruction to the registrar of the securities. DTC may base its written instruction upon directions that it receives from its participants.

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In this prospectus, for book-entry securities, references to actions taken by security holders will mean actions taken by DTC upon instructions from its participants, and references to payments and notices of redemption to security holders will mean payments and notices of redemption to DTC as the registered holder of the securities for distribution to participants in accordance with DTC’s procedures. Each sale of a book-entry security will settle in immediately available funds through DTC unless otherwise stated.

We will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interest in the book-entry securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.

We expect that the depositary for any registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or any additional amounts with respect to the registered global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary.

We also expect that standing customer instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the registered global security owned through the participants.

Clearstream and Euroclear

Links have been established among DTC, Clearstream Banking S.A., Luxembourg (“Clearstream Banking SA”) and Euroclear Bank (“Euroclear”) (two international clearing systems that perform functions similar to those that DTC performs in the U.S.), to facilitate the initial issuance of book-entry securities and cross-market transfers of book-entry securities associated with secondary market trading.

Although DTC, Clearstream Banking SA and Euroclear have agreed to the procedures provided below in order to facilitate transfers, they are under no obligation to perform such procedures, and the procedures may be modified or discontinued at any time.

Clearstream Banking SA and Euroclear will record the ownership interests of their participants in much the same way as DTC, and DTC will record the aggregate ownership of each of the U.S. agents of Clearstream Banking SA and Euroclear, as participants in DTC.

When book-entry securities are to be transferred from the account of a DTC participant to the account of a Clearstream Banking SA participant or a Euroclear participant, the purchaser must send instructions to Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear through a participant at least one business day prior to settlement. Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear, as the case may be, will instruct its U.S. agent to receive book-entry securities against payment. After settlement, Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear will credit its participant’s account. Credit for the book-entry securities will appear on the next day (European time).

Because settlement is taking place during New York business hours, DTC participants can employ their usual procedures for sending book-entry securities to the relevant U.S. agent acting for the benefit of Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear participants. The sale proceeds will be available to the DTC seller on the settlement date. Thus, to the DTC participant, a cross-market transaction will settle no differently than a trade between two DTC participants.

When a Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear participant wishes to transfer book-entry securities to a DTC participant, the seller must send instructions to Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear through a participant at least one business day prior to settlement. In these cases, Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear will instruct its U.S. agent to transfer the book-entry securities against payment. The payment will then be reflected in the account of the Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear participant the following day, with the proceeds back-valued to the value date (which would be the preceding day, when settlement occurs in New York). If settlement is not completed on the intended value date (i.e., the trade fails), proceeds credited to the Clearstream Banking SA or Euroclear participant’s account would instead be valued as of the actual settlement date.

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CERTAIN TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following summary of our taxation and the taxation of an investment in our shares and debt securities is for general information only. This summary is based upon current law. Legislative, judicial or administrative changes, interpretations, clarifications or pronouncements may be forthcoming that could affect this summary, possibly, on a retroactive basis. We cannot be certain if, when or in what form such guidance may be provided and whether such guidance will have a retroactive effect. This summary does not address the taxation of an investment in any securities other than our shares and debt securities. Additional information regarding the specific tax effect of each offering of securities will be set forth in the related prospectus supplement. The tax treatment of a holder of shares or debt securities, or of a person treated as a holder of shares or debt securities for U.S. federal income, state, local or non-U.S. tax purposes, may vary depending on the holder’s particular situation. Prospective investors should carefully examine the related prospectus supplement and should consult their professional advisors concerning the possible tax consequences of an investment in the offered securities under the laws of their countries of citizenship, residence or domicile.

Taxation of AXIS Capital and Subsidiaries

Bermuda

Under current Bermuda law, there is no income, corporate or profits tax or withholding tax, capital gains tax or capital transfer tax payable by us. AXIS Capital, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments II Limited, AXIS Ventures Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Managers Limited and AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited have each obtained from the Minister of Finance under the Exempted Undertaking Tax Protection Act 1966 of Bermuda, as amended, an assurance that, in the event that Bermuda enacts legislation imposing tax computed on profits, income, any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance, then the imposition of any such tax shall not be applicable to AXIS Capital, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments II Limited, AXIS Ventures Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Managers Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited or to any of their respective operations, shares, debentures or other obligations, until March 31, 2035. AXIS Capital, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments II Limited, AXIS Ventures Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Managers Limited and AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited could be subject to taxes in Bermuda after that date. This assurance is subject to the proviso that it is not to be construed so as to prevent the application of any tax or duty to such persons as are ordinarily resident in Bermuda or to prevent the application of any tax payable in accordance with the provisions of the Land Tax Act 1967 of Bermuda or otherwise payable in relation to any property leased to AXIS Capital, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments II Limited, AXIS Ventures Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Managers Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited. AXIS Capital, AXIS Specialty Holdings Bermuda Limited, AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments Limited, AXIS Specialty Investments II Limited, AXIS Ventures Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Managers Limited and AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited each pay annual Bermuda government fees. AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Ventures Limited, AXIS Reinsurance Managers Limited and AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited pay annual insurance license fees. In addition, all entities employing individuals in Bermuda are required to pay a payroll tax and there are other sundry taxes payable, directly or indirectly, to the Bermuda government.

Ireland

The directors of each of AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited intend to manage each company’s affairs so that each of them is, and will continue to be, resident in Ireland for Irish tax purposes. Assuming that AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited are and

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will continue to be resident in Ireland for Irish tax purposes, such companies will be subject to Irish corporation tax on their worldwide income and capital gains.

Income derived by AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited, AXIS Re SE or AXIS Specialty Europe SE from any non-life insurance trade, any reinsurance trade or any Irish trade (i.e., a trade that is not carried on wholly outside of Ireland) will be subject to Irish corporation tax at the current rate of 12.5%. Other income (e.g., income from passive investments, income from some non-Irish trades and income from some dealings in land) will generally be subject to Irish corporation tax at the current rate of 25%. Published administrative statements of the Irish Revenue Commissioners suggest that investment income earned by AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Re SE will be taxed in Ireland at a rate of 12.5% provided that such investments either form part of the permanent capital required by regulatory authorities, or are otherwise integral to the insurance and reinsurance businesses carried on by those companies. Other investment income earned by AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited will generally be taxed in Ireland at a rate of 25%. Capital gains realized by AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited will generally be subject to Irish corporation tax at a rate of 33% except in the case of a disposal of a 5% trading subsidiary (a “substantial shareholding”) which is tax resident in the EU or a country with which Ireland has a double tax treaty which may qualify for an exemption from capital gains tax.

AXIS Specialty Europe SE operates through its branches in the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands. Profits realized by AXIS Specialty Europe SE from those branch activities will be subject to Irish corporation tax at the rates specified above notwithstanding that such profits may also be subject to taxation in the the jurisdication of each branch. A credit against the Irish corporation tax liability is available for tax paid in those jurisdictions on such profits, subject to the maximum credit being equal to the Irish corporation tax payable on such profits. Relief for any additional tax paid in those jurisdictions may be obtained by way of a tax deduction in Ireland, and any unrelieved tax may be carried forward as a tax credit against future profits.

AXIS Re SE carries on a trade in Switzerland through a branch. Profits realized by AXIS Re SE from branch activities in Switzerland will be subject to Irish corporation tax at the rates specified above notwithstanding that such profits may also be subject to taxation in Switzerland. A credit against the Irish corporation tax liability is available for tax paid in Switzerland on such profits, subject to the maximum credit being equal to the Irish corporation tax payable on such profits. Relief for any additional tax paid in Switzerland may be obtained by way of a tax deduction in Ireland, and any unrelieved tax may be carried forward as a tax credit against future profits.

As each of AXIS Re SE and AXIS Specialty Europe SE are Irish tax resident companies, distributions made by such companies to AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited will not be taken into account in computing the taxable income of AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited. Irish withholding tax will also not apply to distributions made by any of AXIS Re SE and AXIS Specialty Europe SE to AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited. Provided that the common shares of AXIS Capital are substantially and regularly traded on the NYSE, Irish withholding tax will not apply to distributions paid by AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited or AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited to AXIS Capital provided AXIS Capital has made an appropriate declaration, in prescribed form, to AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited or AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited.

None of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, other than AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited, will be resident in Ireland for Irish tax purposes unless the central management and control of such companies is, as a matter of fact, located in Ireland. See “Risk Factors.”

A company not resident in Ireland for Irish tax purposes can nevertheless be subject to Irish corporation tax if it carries on a trade through a branch or agency in Ireland or capital gains tax if it disposes of certain specified assets (e.g., Irish land, minerals or mineral rights, or shares deriving the greater part of their value directly or

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indirectly from such assets). In such cases, the charge to Irish corporation tax is limited to trading income connected with the branch or agency, and capital gains tax is limited to capital gains on the disposal of assets used in the branch or agency that are situated in Ireland at or before the time of disposal, and capital gains arising on the disposal of specified assets, with tax imposed at the rates discussed above.

United Kingdom

Each of AXIS Specialty UK Holdings Limited, AXIS Finance PLC, AXIS Managing Agency, Ltd., AXIS Corporate Capital UK Limited, AXIS Corporate Capital UK II Limited, Novae Group Limited, AXIS UK Services Limited, AXIS Underwriting Limited and Contessa Limited (“the UK Companies”) is a company incorporated and managed in the United Kingdom and is by virtue of its place of incorporation, resident in the United Kingdom and is subject to U.K. corporation tax on its worldwide profits (including revenue profits and capital gains). The maximum rate of U.K. corporation tax is currently 19% on profits of whatever description. Currently, no United Kingdom withholding tax applies to dividends paid by the UK Companies.

None of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, except for the UK Companies, is incorporated in the United Kingdom. Accordingly, except for the UK Companies, we should not be treated as being resident in the United Kingdom unless our central management and control is exercised in the United Kingdom. The concept of central management and control is indicative of the highest level of control of a company, which is wholly a question of fact. The directors of each of AXIS Capital and its subsidiaries, other than the UK Companies, intend to manage each company’s affairs so that none of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, other than the UK Companies, is resident in the United Kingdom for tax purposes.

A company not resident in the United Kingdom for corporation tax purposes can nevertheless be subject to U.K. corporation tax if it carries on a trade through a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom but the charge to U.K. corporation tax is limited to profits (including revenue profits and capital gains) connected with such permanent establishment. The definition of “permanent establishment” under U.K. law is consistent with various internationally recognized characteristics commonly used to define a “permanent establishment” for the purposes of the United Kingdom’s double tax treaties.

The directors of each of AXIS Capital and its subsidiaries, other than each of the UK Companies (which is resident in the United Kingdom) and AXIS Specialty Europe SE (which has a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom), intend that they will operate in such a manner so that none of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, other than the UK Companies and AXIS Specialty Europe SE, carry on a trade through a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, because neither case law nor U.K. statute definitively defines the activities that constitute trading in the United Kingdom through a permanent establishment, the U.K. tax authorities (Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs) might contend successfully that any of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, other than the UK Companies and AXIS Specialty Europe SE, is/are trading in the United Kingdom through a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom.

If any of the U.S. subsidiaries qualifying for benefits under the tax treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States were trading in the United Kingdom through a permanent establishment (as defined in that treaty), they would only be subject to U.K. corporation tax to the extent that any profits were attributable to that permanent establishment in the United Kingdom.

AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited should be entitled to the benefits of the tax treaty between Ireland and the United Kingdom if they are resident in Ireland. If AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited were trading in the U.K. through a permanent establishment (as defined in that treaty) and they were entitled to the benefits of the tax treaty between Ireland and the United Kingdom, they would only be subject to U.K. corporation tax to the extent that any profits were attributable to that permanent establishment in the United Kingdom.

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AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty U.S. Services, Inc. each have a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom (as defined in their respective tax treaties) and the profits attributable to that permanent establishment will be subject to United Kingdom corporation tax.

The United Kingdom has no income tax treaty with Bermuda.

There are circumstances in which companies that are neither resident in the United Kingdom nor entitled to the protection afforded by a double tax treaty between the United Kingdom and the jurisdiction in which they are resident may be exposed to income tax in the United Kingdom (other than by deduction or withholding) on the profits of a trade carried on there even if that trade is not carried on through a branch or agency. The directors of each of AXIS Capital and its subsidiaries intend that they will operate in such a manner that none of AXIS Capital and its subsidiaries will fall within the charge to income tax in the United Kingdom (other than by deduction or withholding) in this respect.

If any of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, other than the UK Companies, were treated as being resident in the United Kingdom for U.K. corporation tax purposes, or if any of AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries, other than AXIS Specialty Europe SE, were to be treated as carrying on a trade in the United Kingdom through a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom, our results of operations and your investment could be materially adversely affected.

United States

AXIS Specialty U.S. Services, Inc., AXIS Specialty U.S. Holdings, Inc. and AXIS Group Services, Inc. are Delaware corporations, AXIS Reinsurance Company is a New York corporation, AXIS Specialty Insurance Company is a Connecticut corporation and AXIS Surplus Insurance Company and AXIS Insurance Company are Illinois corporations, and as such each will be subject to taxation in the United States at the corporate rate which is currently 21%.

It is possible that legislation could be introduced and enacted by the current Congress or future Congresses that could have an adverse impact on AXIS Capital or its subsidiaries. Additionally, the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations regarding whether a company is engaged in a trade or business within the United States are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. AXIS Capital cannot be certain if, when or in what form such laws or interpretations may be provided and whether such guidance will have a retroactive effect.

A foreign corporation that is engaged in the conduct of a U.S. trade or business will be subject to U.S. tax as described below, unless entitled to the benefits of an applicable tax treaty. Whether business is being conducted in the United States is an inherently factual determination. Because the Code, regulations and court decisions fail to identify definitively activities that constitute being engaged in a trade or business in the United States, we cannot be certain that the IRS will not contend successfully that AXIS Capital and/or its non-U.S. subsidiaries are or will be engaged in a trade or business in the United States. A foreign corporation deemed to be so engaged would be subject to U.S. income tax at regular corporate rates, as well as the branch profits tax, on its income which is treated as effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business unless the corporation is entitled to relief under the permanent establishment provision of an applicable tax treaty, as discussed below. Such income tax, if imposed, would be based on effectively connected income computed in a manner generally analogous to that applied to the income of a U.S. corporation, except that a foreign corporation is generally entitled to deductions and credits only if it timely files a U.S. federal income tax return. In general, our Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries (as defined below) file protective U.S. federal income tax returns on a timely basis in order to preserve the right to claim income tax deductions and credits if it is ever determined that they are subject to U.S. federal income tax. The applicable federal income tax rates currently are 21% for a corporation’s effectively connected income and 30% for the additional “branch profits” tax.

If AXIS Specialty Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited is entitled to the benefits under the income tax treaty between Bermuda and the United States that applies to insurance enterprises (the “Bermuda

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Treaty”), AXIS Specialty Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited, as applicable, would not be subject to U.S. income tax on any income found to be effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business unless that trade or business is conducted through a permanent establishment in the United States. No regulations interpreting the Bermuda Treaty have been issued. Each of AXIS Specialty Limited and AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited currently intends to conduct its activities so that it does not have a permanent establishment in the United States, although we cannot be certain that we will achieve this result.

An insurance enterprise resident in Bermuda generally will be entitled to the benefits of the Bermuda Treaty if (1) more than 50% of its shares are owned beneficially, directly or indirectly, by individual residents of the United States or Bermuda or U.S. citizens and (2) its income is not used in substantial part, directly or indirectly, to make disproportionate distributions to, or to meet certain liabilities of, persons who are neither residents of either the United States or Bermuda nor U.S. citizens. We cannot be certain whether AXIS Specialty Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited is currently eligible for Bermuda Treaty benefits or will be eligible in the future because of factual and legal uncertainties regarding the residency and citizenship of AXIS Capital’s and AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited’s shareholders. AXIS Capital would not be eligible for treaty benefits because it is not an insurance company. We have conducted and intend to conduct substantially all of our non-U.S. operations outside the United States and to limit the U.S. contacts of AXIS Capital and its non-U.S. subsidiaries so that they should not be engaged in a trade or business in the United States.

Foreign insurance companies carrying on an insurance business within the United States have a certain minimum amount of effectively connected net investment income, determined in accordance with a formula that depends, in part, on the amount of U.S. risk insured or reinsured by such companies. If AXIS Specialty Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited is considered to be engaged in the conduct of an insurance business in the United States and it is not entitled to the benefits of the Bermuda Treaty in general (because it fails to satisfy one of the limitations on treaty benefits discussed above), the Code could subject a significant portion of AXIS Specialty Limited’s or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited’s, as applicable, investment income to U.S. income tax. In addition, while the Bermuda Treaty clearly applies to premium income, it is uncertain whether the Bermuda Treaty applies to other income such as investment income. If AXIS Specialty Limited or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited is considered engaged in the conduct of an insurance business in the United States and is entitled to the benefits of the Bermuda Treaty in general, but the Bermuda Treaty is interpreted to not apply to investment income, a significant portion of AXIS Specialty Limited’s or AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited’s investment income could be subject to U.S. income tax.

Under the income tax treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States (the “U.K. Treaty”), the UK Companies, if entitled to the benefits of the U.K. Treaty, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any income found to be effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business unless that trade or business is conducted through a permanent establishment in the United States. Each UK Company will generally be entitled to the benefits of the U.K. Treaty if, among other reasons, (1) during at least half of the days during the relevant taxable period, at least 50% of the applicable UK Company’s stock is beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by citizens or residents of the United States and the United Kingdom, and less than 50% of the applicable UK Company’s gross income for the relevant taxable period is paid or accrued, directly or indirectly, to persons who are not U.S. or U.K. residents in the form of payments that are deductible for purposes of U.K. taxation or (2) with respect to specific items of income, profit or gain derived from the United States, if such income, profit or gain is considered to be derived in connection with, or incidental to the applicable UK Company’s business conducted in the United Kingdom. Although we cannot be certain that each UK Company will be eligible for treaty benefits under the U.K. Treaty because of factual and legal uncertainties regarding (1) the residency and citizenship of AXIS Capital’s shareholders and (2) the interpretation of what constitutes income incidental to or connected with a trade or business in the United Kingdom, we will endeavor to so qualify. Each UK Company has conducted and intends to conduct its activities in a manner so that it should not have a permanent establishment in the United States (other than AXIS Corporate Capital UK Limited and AXIS Corporate Capital UK II Limited to the extent that any such permanent establishment is attributable to the operations of Lloyd’s of London of which it is a member), although we cannot be certain that we will achieve this result.

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Under the income tax treaty between Ireland and the United States (the “Irish Treaty”), each of AXIS Specialty Holdings Ireland Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Specialty Global Holdings Limited (collectively, the “Irish Subsidiaries”), if entitled to the benefits of the Irish Treaty, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any income determined to be effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business unless that trade or business is conducted through a permanent establishment in the United States. Each of the Irish Subsidiaries will generally be entitled to the benefits of the Irish Treaty if among other reasons, (1) at least 50% of the shares of AXIS Capital, measured by both vote and value, are owned by “qualified persons” (including individual Irish residents) or U.S. citizens or residents and 50% or less of each such company’s gross income for the relevant taxable period is paid or accrued directly or indirectly to persons who are not “qualified persons” or U.S. citizens or residents in the form of payments that are deductible for Irish income tax purposes or (2) each of the Irish Subsidiaries, respectively, are considered as engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business in Ireland and their effectively connected income is connected with or incidental to that trade or business. Although we cannot be certain that each of the Irish Subsidiaries will be eligible for Irish Treaty benefits because of factual and legal uncertainties regarding (1) the residency and citizenship of AXIS Capital’s shareholders and (2) the interpretation of what constitutes an active trade or business in Ireland and income incidental or connected thereto, we will endeavor to so qualify. The Irish Subsidiaries have conducted and intend to conduct their activities in a manner so that each of them should not have permanent establishments in the United States, although we cannot be certain that we will achieve this result.

Foreign corporations not engaged in a trade or business in the United States are nonetheless subject to U.S. income tax imposed by withholding on the gross amount of certain “fixed or determinable annual or periodic gains, profits and income” derived from sources within the United States (such as dividends and certain interest on investments), subject to exemption under the Code or reduction by applicable treaties. Generally under the U.K. Treaty, the U.S. withholding rate on dividends from less than 10% owned corporations is reduced to 15% and on interest is reduced to 0%, under the Irish Treaty the U.S. withholding rate on dividends from less than 10% owned corporations is reduced to 15% and on interest is reduced to 0%. The Bermuda Treaty does not reduce the U.S. withholding rate on U.S. sourced investment income.

The United States also imposes an excise tax on insurance and reinsurance premiums (the “FET”) paid to foreign insurers or reinsurers with respect to risks of a U.S. entity or individual located wholly or partly within the United States or risks of a non-U.S. entity or individual engaged in a trade or business in the United States which are located within the United States (“U.S. Situs Risks”). The rates of tax applicable to premiums paid to our Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries (as defined below) are 4% for casualty insurance premiums and 1% for reinsurance premiums. The FET does not currently apply to premiums paid to AXIS Re SE and AXIS Specialty Europe SE provided that they are entitled to the benefits of the Irish Treaty and the business for which the premiums are paid is not ceded to a reinsurer not entitled to a similar treaty based FET exemption.

Taxation of Holders of Our Shares

Bermuda Taxation

Currently, there is no Bermuda withholding or other tax payable on principal, interest or dividends paid to holders of our shares. In addition, we have obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, such tax shall not, until March 31, 2035, be applicable to our shares, except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda.

United States Taxation

The following summary sets forth the material U.S. federal income tax considerations related to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common shares. Unless otherwise stated, this summary deals only

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with shareholders that are U.S. Persons (as defined below) who purchase common shares in an offering, who did not own (directly or indirectly through foreign entities or constructively) shares of AXIS Capital prior to any offering and who hold their shares as capital assets within the meaning of section 1221 of the Code and as beneficial owners. The following discussion is only a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax matters as described herein and does not purport to address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular shareholder in light of such shareholder’s specific circumstances. In addition, the following summary does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to shareholders who may be subject to special rules, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, dealers in securities, traders in securities that adopt a mark-to-market method of tax accounting, tax-exempt organizations, U.S. expatriates, partnerships or other pass-through entities (or investors therein), persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, persons required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to our common shares as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, persons who are considered with respect to any of us as 10% U.S. Shareholders (as defined below) or persons who hold our shares as part of a hedging or conversion transaction or as part of a short sale or straddle. This discussion is based upon the Code, the U.S. Treasury regulations proposed and promulgated thereunder and any relevant administrative rulings and pronouncements or judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof and as currently interpreted, and does not take into account possible changes in such tax laws or interpretations thereof, which may apply retroactively. This discussion does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments within the United States, or any non-U.S. tax laws, that may be applicable to our shares or the holders of our shares and does not address the Medicare tax on net investment income or any aspect of U.S. federal taxation other than income taxation.

If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our shares, you should consult your tax advisors.

The following summary does not address tax considerations related to our preference shares, depositary shares, warrants, contracts to purchase shares or purchase units. If we issue any of these securities, we will describe the material U.S. federal income tax considerations in the applicable prospectus supplement.

For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. Person” means: (1) an individual citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a corporation or partnership, or entity treated as a corporation or partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, (4) a trust if either (a) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. Persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust or (b) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. Person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (5) any other person or entity that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if it were one of the foregoing.

Taxation of Distributions. Subject to the discussions below relating to the potential application of the controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”), related person insurance income (“RPII”) and passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules, cash distributions, if any, made with respect to our shares will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of AXIS Capital (as computed using U.S. tax principles). We believe dividends paid by us to non-corporate holders on our common shares should be eligible for treatment as “qualified dividend income” that is taxed at long-term capital gains rates (provided that such holders meet certain holding period and other requirements), because we believe our common shares should be characterized as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Dividends paid by us to corporate holders will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction. To the extent cash distributions, if any, made with respect to our shares exceed AXIS Capital’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, they will be treated first as a return of the shareholder’s basis in their shares to the extent thereof, and then as gain from the sale of a capital asset.

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Classification of AXIS Capital or its Non-U.S. Subsidiaries as Controlled Foreign Corporations. Each 10% U.S. Shareholder (as defined below) of a foreign corporation that is a CFC at any time during a taxable year, and who owns shares in the CFC, directly or indirectly through foreign entities, on the last day of the taxable year that the foreign corporation is a CFC, must include in its gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes its pro-rata share of the CFC’s “subpart F income,” even if the subpart F income is not distributed. “Subpart F income” of a foreign insurance corporation typically includes foreign personal holding company income (such as interest, dividends and other types of passive income), as well as insurance and reinsurance income (including underwriting and investment income) attributable to the insurance of risks situated outside the CFC’s country of incorporation. A foreign corporation is considered a CFC if 10% U.S. Shareholders own (directly, indirectly through foreign entities or by attribution by application of the constructive ownership rules of section 958(b) of the Code (i.e., “constructively”)) more than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares of such foreign corporation, or more than 50% of the total value of all shares of such corporation. For purposes of taking into account insurance income, which is a category of subpart F income, the term CFC also includes a foreign corporation in which more than 25% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares or more than 25% of the total value of all the shares is owned by 10% U.S. Shareholders, on any day of the taxable year of such corporation, if the gross amount of premiums or other consideration for the reinsurance or the issuing of insurance or annuity contracts exceeds 75% of the gross amount of all premiums or other consideration in respect of all risks. A “10% U.S. Shareholder” is a U.S. Person who owns (directly, indirectly through foreign entities or constructively) at least 10% of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of shares of the foreign corporation.

We believe that because of the dispersion of our share ownership, no U.S. Person who acquires shares of AXIS Capital in any offering directly or indirectly through one or more foreign entities should be treated as owning (directly, indirectly through foreign entities, or constructively), 10% or more of the total voting power or value of all classes of shares of AXIS Capital or any of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. It is possible, however, that our shares may not be as widely dispersed as we believe (due to, for example, the application of certain ownership attribution rules), and no assurance may be given that a U.S. Person who owns shares of AXIS Capital will not be characterized as a 10% U.S. Shareholder, in which case such U.S. Person may be subject to taxation under the CFC rules.

The RPII CFC Provisions. The following discussion generally is applicable only if the RPII of any of AXIS Specialty Limited, AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited, AXIS Re SE, AXIS Specialty Europe SE and AXIS Corporate Capital UK Limited (each a “Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary”), determined on a gross basis, is 20% or more of such company’s gross insurance income for the taxable year and the 20% Ownership Exception (as defined below) is not met. The following discussion generally would not apply for any fiscal year in which such company’s RPII falls below the 20% threshold or the 20% Ownership Exception is met. Although we cannot be certain, AXIS Capital believes that each of the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries meets the 20% Ownership Exception or the gross RPII of such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary as a percentage of its gross insurance income was in prior years of operations and will be for the foreseeable future below the 20% threshold for each tax year. Additionally, as AXIS Capital is not licensed as an insurance company, we do not anticipate that AXIS Capital will have insurance income, including RPII. This discussion does not address the tax treatment of any direct shareholders of AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited (or persons that indirectly own stock in AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited through foreign entities other than AXIS Capital and its subsidiaries). Direct shareholders of AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited (or persons that indirectly own stock in AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited through foreign entities other than AXIS Capital and its subsidiaries) should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the ownership of shares of AXIS Ventures Reinsurance Limited.

RPII is any “insurance income” (as defined below) attributable to policies of insurance or reinsurance with respect to which the person (directly or indirectly) insured is a “RPII shareholder” (as defined below) or a “related person” (as defined below) to such RPII shareholder. In general, and subject to certain limitations, “insurance income” is income (including premium and investment income) attributable to the issuing of any insurance or reinsurance contract that would be taxed under the portions of the Code relating to insurance

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companies if the income were the income of a domestic insurance company. For purposes of inclusion of the RPII of a Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary in the income of RPII shareholders, unless an exception applies, the term “RPII shareholder” means any U.S. Person who owns (directly or indirectly through foreign entities) any amount of such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary’s shares. Generally, the term “related person” for this purpose means someone who controls or is controlled by the RPII shareholder or someone who is controlled by the same person or persons that control the RPII shareholder. Control is measured by either more than 50% in value or more than 50% in voting power of shares applying certain constructive ownership principles. A corporation’s pension plan is ordinarily not a “related person” with respect to the corporation unless the pension plan owns, directly or indirectly through the application of certain constructive ownership rules, more than 50% measured by vote or value, of the shares of the corporation. Each Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary will be treated as a CFC under the RPII provisions if RPII shareholders are treated as owning (directly, indirectly through foreign entities or constructively) 25% or more of the shares of such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary by vote or value.

Where none of the exceptions below applies to a Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary, each U.S. Person directly or indirectly through foreign entities owning any shares in such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary on the last day of such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary’s taxable year on which it is a CFC under the RPII rules will be required to include in its gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes its share of the RPII of the company or companies, as the case may be, for the portion of the taxable year during which the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary was a CFC under the RPII provisions, determined as if all such RPII were distributed proportionately only to such U.S. Persons at that date, but limited by each such U.S. Person’s share of such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary’s current-year earnings and profits as reduced by the U.S. Person’s share, if any, of certain prior-year deficits in earnings and profits. The amount of RPII includible in the income of a RPII shareholder is based upon the net RPII income for the year after deducting related expenses such as losses, loss reserves and operating expenses.

RPII Exceptions. The special RPII rules do not apply to a Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary if (1) direct and indirect insureds and persons related to such insureds, whether or not U.S. Persons, are treated as owning (directly or indirectly through entities) less than 20% of the voting power and less than 20% of the value of the shares of the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary (the “20% Ownership Exception”), (2) RPII, determined on a gross basis, is less than 20% of gross insurance income of the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary for the taxable year (the “20% Gross Income Exception”), (3) the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary elects to be taxed on its RPII as if the RPII were effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, and to waive all treaty benefits with respect to RPII, and meets certain other requirements or (4) the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary elects to be treated as a U.S. corporation and waives all treaty benefits and meets certain other requirements. Although the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries expect to operate in a manner that is intended to ensure that each qualifies for the 20% Gross Income Exception or 20% Ownership Exception, we cannot be certain that we will achieve this result.

Computation of RPII. To determine how much RPII a Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary has earned in each taxable year, the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries may obtain and rely upon information from their insureds and reinsureds to determine whether any of the insureds, reinsureds or persons related thereto own (directly or indirectly through foreign entities) shares of AXIS Capital and are U.S. Persons. AXIS Capital may not be able to determine whether any of the underlying direct or indirect insureds to which the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries provide insurance or reinsurance are shareholders or related persons to such shareholders. Consequently, AXIS Capital may not be able to determine accurately the gross amount of RPII earned by each Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary in a given taxable year. For any year in which the 20% Gross Income Exception and the 20% Ownership Exception do not apply, AXIS Capital may also seek information from its shareholders as to whether beneficial owners of shares at the end of the year are U.S. Persons so that the RPII may be determined and apportioned among such persons. To the extent AXIS Capital is unable to determine whether a beneficial owner of shares is a U.S. Person, AXIS Capital may assume that such owner is not a U.S. Person, thereby increasing the per share RPII amount for all known RPII shareholders.

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If, as expected, the 20% Gross Income Exception or 20% Ownership Exception is met for each taxable year, RPII shareholders will not be required to include RPII in their taxable income.

Apportionment of RPII to U.S. Holders. Every RPII shareholder who owns common shares on the last day of any taxable year of a Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary in which the 20% Ownership Exception and 20% Gross Income Exception do not apply to such company should expect that for such year the RPII shareholder will be required to include in gross income its share of such company’s RPII for the portion of the taxable year during which such company was a CFC under the RPII provisions, whether or not distributed, even though it may not have owned the shares throughout such period. A RPII shareholder who owns our shares during such taxable year but not on the last day of the taxable year is not required to include in gross income any part of a Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiary’s RPII.

Basis Adjustments. A RPII shareholder’s tax basis in its shares will be increased by the amount of any RPII that the shareholder includes in income. The RPII shareholder may exclude from income the amount of any distributions by AXIS Capital out of previously taxed RPII income. The RPII shareholder’s tax basis in its shares will be reduced by the amount of such distributions that are excluded from income.

Uncertainty as to Application of RPII. The RPII provisions have never been interpreted by the courts or the Treasury Department in final regulations, and regulations interpreting the RPII provisions of the Code exist only in proposed form. It is not certain whether these regulations will be adopted in their proposed form or what changes or clarifications might ultimately be made thereto or whether any such changes, as well as any interpretation or application of RPII by the IRS, the courts or otherwise, might have retroactive effect. These provisions include the grant of authority to the Treasury Department to prescribe “such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this subsection, including . . . regulations preventing the avoidance of this subsection through cross insurance arrangements or otherwise.” Accordingly, the meaning of the RPII provisions and the application thereof to the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries is uncertain. In addition, we cannot be certain that the amount of RPII or the amounts of the RPII inclusions for any particular RPII shareholder, if any, will not be subject to adjustment based upon subsequent IRS examination. Any prospective investor considering an investment in our shares should consult his tax advisor as to the effects of these uncertainties.

Information Reporting. Under certain circumstances, U.S. Persons owning shares in a foreign corporation are required to file IRS Form 5471 with their U.S. federal income tax returns. Generally, information reporting on IRS Form 5471 is required by (1) a person who is treated as a RPII shareholder, (2) a 10% U.S. Shareholder of a foreign corporation that is a CFC at any time during the tax year of the foreign corporation, and who owned the shares on the last day of that year on which it was a CFC and (3) under certain circumstances, a U.S. Person who acquires shares in a foreign corporation and as a result thereof owns 10% or more of the voting power or value of such foreign corporation, whether or not such foreign corporation is a CFC. For any taxable year in which AXIS Capital determines that the 20% Ownership Exception and 20% Gross Income Exception do not apply to one or more of its Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries, and such subsidiaries have not elected to be taxed on their RPII under clause (3) of “—RPII Exceptions,” AXIS Capital will provide to all U.S. Persons registered as shareholders of its shares a completed IRS Form 5471 or the relevant information necessary to complete the form. Failure to file IRS Form 5471 may result in penalties.

Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Tax-exempt entities will be required to treat certain subpart F insurance income, including RPII, that is includible in income by the tax-exempt entity as unrelated business taxable income. Prospective investors that are tax-exempt entities are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the potential impact of the unrelated business taxable income provisions of the Code. A tax-exempt organization that is treated as a 10% U.S. Shareholder or a RPII shareholder also must file IRS Form 5471 in the circumstances described above.

Dispositions of Our Shares. Subject to the discussions below relating to the potential application of the Code section 1248 and PFIC rules, U.S. Persons generally should recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares in the same manner as on the sale, exchange

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or other disposition of any other shares held as capital assets. If the holding period for our shares exceeds one year, any gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Persons are currently eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation. Moreover, gain, if any, generally will be U.S. source gain and generally will constitute “passive category income” for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

Code section 1248 provides that if a U.S. Person sells or exchanges shares in a foreign corporation and such person owned, directly, indirectly through certain foreign entities or constructively, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of disposition when the corporation was a CFC, any gain from the sale or exchange of the shares will be treated as a dividend to the extent of the CFC’s earnings and profits (determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) during the period that the shareholder held the shares and while the corporation was a CFC (with certain adjustments). We believe that because of the dispersion of our share ownership, provisions in our organizational documents that limit voting power and other factors, no U.S. shareholder of AXIS Capital should be treated as owning (directly, indirectly through foreign entities or constructively) 10% or more of the total voting power of AXIS Capital. To the extent this is the case, the application of Code section 1248 under the regular CFC rules should not apply to dispositions of our shares. A 10% U.S. Shareholder may in certain circumstances be required to report a disposition of shares of a CFC by attaching IRS Form 5471 to the U.S. federal income tax or information return that it would normally file for the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. In the event this is determined necessary, AXIS Capital will provide a completed IRS Form 5471 or the relevant information necessary to complete the Form. Code section 1248 also applies to the sale or exchange of shares in a foreign corporation if the foreign corporation would be treated as a CFC for RPII purposes regardless of whether the shareholder is a 10% U.S. Shareholder or whether the 20% Gross Income Exception or the 20% Ownership Exception applies. Existing proposed regulations do not address whether Code section 1248 would apply if a foreign corporation is not a CFC but the foreign corporation has a subsidiary that is a CFC and that would be taxed as an insurance company if it were a domestic corporation. We believe, however, that this application of Code section 1248 under the RPII rules should not apply to dispositions of our shares because AXIS Capital will not be directly engaged in the insurance business. We cannot be certain, however, that the IRS will not interpret the proposed regulations in a contrary manner or that the Treasury Department will not amend the proposed regulations to provide that these rules will apply to dispositions of our shares. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the effects of these rules on a disposition of our shares.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. In general, a foreign corporation will be a PFIC during a given year if (1) 75% or more of its gross income constitutes “passive income” (the “75% test”) or (2) 50% or more of the average value of its assets, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, produce (or are held for the production of) passive income (the “50% test”). If AXIS Capital were characterized as a PFIC during a given year, U.S. Persons holding our shares would be subject to a penalty tax at the time of the sale at a gain of, or receipt of an “excess distribution” with respect to, their shares, unless such persons made a “qualified electing fund election” or “mark-to-market” election. It is uncertain that AXIS Capital would be able to provide its shareholders with the information necessary for a U.S. Person to make a “qualified electing fund” election. In general, a shareholder receives an “excess distribution” if the amount of the distribution is more than 125% of the average distribution with respect to the shares during the three preceding taxable years (or shorter period during which the taxpayer held the shares). In general, the penalty tax is equivalent to an interest charge on taxes that are deemed due during the period the shareholder owned the shares, computed by assuming that the excess distribution or gain (in the case of a sale) with respect to the shares was taken in equal portion at the highest applicable tax rate on ordinary income throughout the shareholder’s period of ownership. The interest charge is equal to the applicable rate imposed on underpayments of U.S. federal income tax for such period. In addition, a distribution paid by AXIS Capital to U.S. shareholders that is characterized as a dividend and is not characterized as an excess distribution would not be eligible for a reduced rate of tax on qualified dividend income if AXIS Capital were considered a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividend is paid or in the preceding taxable year. A U.S. Person that is a shareholder in a PFIC may be subject to certain additional information reporting requirements,

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including the filing of an IRS Form 8621. U.S. Persons are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding these requirements.

For the above purposes, passive income generally includes interest, dividends, annuities and other investment income. The PFIC rules provide that income “derived in the active conduct of an insurance business by a qualifying insurance corporation” is not treated as passive income. The PFIC provisions also contain a look-through rule under which a foreign corporation shall be treated, for purposes of determining whether it is a PFIC, as if it “received directly its proportionate share of the income” and as if it “held its proportionate share of the assets” of any other corporation in which it owns at least 25% of the value of the shares. Under the look-through rule, AXIS Capital should be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets and to have received its proportionate share of the income of its non-U.S. and U.S. insurance subsidiaries for purposes of the 75% test and the 50% test. Recent tax legislation limits the insurance income exception to a non-U.S. insurance company that is a “qualifying insurance corporation,” which generally means a non-U.S. insurance corporation that would be taxable as an insurance company if it were a U.S. corporation and maintains insurance liabilities of more than 25% of such company’s total assets for a taxable year (or maintains insurance liabilities that are at least equal to or exceed 10% of its assets and it satisfies a facts and circumstances test that requires a showing that the corporation is predominantly engaged in an insurance business and the failure to exceed the 25% threshold is due to runoff-related or rating-related circumstances) (the “reserve test”). We believe that our Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries have met this reserve test and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future, although no assurance may be given in this regard. Accordingly, none of the income or assets of the Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries should be treated as passive. Further, we expect that the passive income and assets (other than the shares of any indirect AXIS Capital subsidiary) of any other AXIS Capital subsidiary will be de minimis in each year of operations with respect to the overall income and assets of AXIS Capital. Thus, we believe that AXIS Capital has not been and should not be treated as a PFIC. We cannot be certain, however, that the IRS will not challenge this position and that a court will not sustain such challenge, as there is little guidance regarding the application of the PFIC provisions to an insurance company. The IRS did, however, recently issue proposed Treasury regulations that, among other things, would provide that the active conduct of an insurance business must include the performance of substantial insurance-related services by an insurance company’s own officers and employees (and the officers and employees of certain affiliates). Under the proposed Treasury regulations, the activities of independent contractors (e.g., independent brokers and investment managers) would not be sufficient to satisfy this requirement. Because our Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries do engage independent contractors in connection with their insurance businesses, if the proposed Treasury regulations were finalized in their proposed form, there is a risk that such Non-U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries would be considered PFICs, in which case AXIS Capital may also be a PFIC. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisor as to the recent proposed Treasury regulations (the application of which is not entirely clear) and the general effects of the PFIC rules.

Foreign Tax Credit. Because it is anticipated that U.S. Persons will own a majority of our shares, only a portion of the current income inclusions, if any, under the CFC, RPII and PFIC rules and of dividends paid by us (including any gain from the sale of our shares that is treated as a dividend under section 1248 of the Code) will be treated as foreign source income for purposes of computing a shareholder’s U.S. foreign tax credit limitations. We will consider providing shareholders with information regarding the portion of such amounts constituting foreign source income to the extent such information is reasonably available. It is also likely that substantially all of the “subpart F income,” RPII and dividends that are foreign source income will constitute “passive category income” for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Thus, it may not be possible for most shareholders to utilize excess foreign tax credits to reduce U.S. tax on such income.

Backup Withholding on Distributions and Disposition Proceeds. Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with distributions on our shares and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our shares unless the holder of the shares establishes an exemption from the information reporting rules. A holder of shares that does not establish such an exemption may be subject to U.S. backup withholding tax on these payments if the holder is not a corporation or other exempt recipient and/or fails to provide its taxpayer identification number or otherwise comply with the backup withholding rules. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment

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to a U.S. Person will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Person’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Person to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

Proposed U.S. Tax Legislation. It is possible that legislation could be introduced and enacted by the current Congress or future Congresses that could have an adverse impact on our shareholders.

Additionally, the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations regarding whether a company is a PFIC, or whether U.S. Persons would be required to include in their gross income the subpart F income or RPII of a CFC, are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. New regulations or pronouncements interpreting or clarifying such rules may be forthcoming. We cannot be certain if, when or in what form such regulations or pronouncements may be provided and whether such guidance will have a retroactive effect.

Taxation of Holders of Debt Securities

Bermuda Taxation

Currently there is no Bermuda withholding tax on interest paid on debt securities of AXIS Capital. In addition, we have obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, such tax shall not, until March 31, 2035, be applicable to our debentures, which would include the debt securities, except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda.

United Kingdom Taxation

Taxation of Holders of Debt Securities

United Kingdom Taxation of Holders of Debt Securities Issued by AXIS Finance PLC.

The following paragraphs are not, and are not intended to be, an exhaustive analysis of the United Kingdom tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposal of the debt securities. In particular, they only apply to persons who hold the debt securities as absolute beneficial owners and do not address the tax consequences which may be relevant to certain other categories of holders, for example, dealers in securities, financial institutions, banks, insurance companies, collective investment schemes or persons connected with us or clearance services, intermediaries or persons who benefit from special exemptions or rules. Moreover, the paragraphs below assume that the holders of the debt securities have invested in the debt securities for bona fide commercial purposes and not with the purpose of avoiding a liability for taxation. The comments below are not intended to be, nor should they be considered as, legal or tax advice. Holders of debt securities and prospective investors, who are in any doubt as to their tax position, should consult their own independent professional adviser immediately.

Payments of Interest on Debt Securities.

Payments of interest made in respect of the debt securities should not be subject to withholding or deduction for or on account of United Kingdom income tax provided that the debt securities are and remain at all times listed on a “recognized stock exchange” within the meaning of section 1005 of the United Kingdom Income Tax Act 2007 (“ITA 2007’’) and so are “quoted Eurobonds” for the purposes of section 987 of the ITA 2007. The New York Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange, the Irish Stock Exchange and the Luxembourg Stock Exchange are currently among those recognized for these purposes. Accordingly, so long as the particular series of debt securities is listed on one of such recognized exchanges, interest payments made on the debt securities will be payable without withholding or deduction for or on account of UK income tax. The applicable prospectus supplement will indicate the exchanges (if any) on which the debt securities are listed.

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Even if the debt securities do not qualify as “quoted Eurobonds” as noted above, interest on the debt securities may also be paid without withholding or deduction for or on account of United Kingdom income tax (subject to contrary direction from Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (“HMRC”)), if at the time the payment is made, the issuer reasonably believes the person beneficially entitled to the payment is either (a) a United Kingdom resident company; or (b) a non-United Kingdom resident company carrying on a trade in the United Kingdom through a permanent establishment where the payment is required to be brought into account in calculating the United Kingdom corporation tax liability of that company; or (c) an entity of the kind listed in section 936 of the ITA 2007 (which includes registered pension schemes, charities and local authorities) or a partnership of entities of the kind listed in section 937 of the ITA 2007 (which includes all of the foregoing) that is entitled to be paid gross.

In all other cases, an amount must be withheld on account of United Kingdom income tax at the basic rate (currently 20%), subject to any prior direction to the contrary under a double tax treaty.

Debt securities may be issued with a premium payable on redemption. The payment of such a redemption premium may be treated as a payment of interest for United Kingdom tax purposes.

Interest paid on the debt securities will have a United Kingdom source and accordingly may be subject to United Kingdom income tax or corporation tax for direct assessment. Where interest is paid free of any withholding or deduction, the interest will not be assessed to United Kingdom income or corporation tax in the hands of a holder of debt securities who is not resident in the United Kingdom, except where the holder of debt securities carries on a trade, profession or vocation through a United Kingdom branch or agency or carries on a trade through a United Kingdom permanent establishment in connection with which the interest is received or to which the debt securities are attributable, in which case (subject to exemptions for interest received by certain categories of agent such as investment managers) tax may be levied on the United Kingdom branch or agency, or permanent establishment.

United Kingdom Corporation Tax Payers

Depending on the terms and conditions of the particular series of debt securities, holders of debt securities within the charge to United Kingdom corporation tax should generally be treated for tax purposes as realising profits, gains or losses in respect of the debt securities under the “loan relationship” rules on a basis which is broadly in accordance with their statutory accounts, provided that the accounting treatment is in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice (as that term is defined for United Kingdom tax purposes). Such profits, gains, and losses (including those attributable to currency fluctuations) will be taken into account in computing taxable income for corporation tax purposes.

Other United Kingdom Tax Payers

Taxation of Chargeable Gains

An individual holder of debt securities who is resident in the United Kingdom, or who carries on a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency to which the debt securities are attributable, may have to account for capital gains tax in respect of any gains arising on a disposal (including a redemption) of the debt securities, unless the debt securities constitute “qualifying corporate bonds” (as defined in section 117 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992). Any capital gains would be calculated by comparing the sterling values at the time of acquisition and disposal. Accordingly, a taxable gain can arise even where the U.S. dollar amount received on a disposal is less than or the same as the U.S. dollar amount paid for the debt securities.

Accrued Income Scheme

On a disposal of the debt securities, any interest which has accrued since the last interest payment date may, depending on the terms of the relevant debt securities and in particular whether they are “deeply discounted

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securities,” be chargeable to tax as income under the rules of the “accrued income scheme” as set out in Part 12 of the ITA 2007, if that holder of debt securities is resident in the United Kingdom or carries on a trade in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency to which the debt securities are attributable.

Taxation of Discount

Depending on the issue price and redemption amount, the debt securities may constitute “deeply discounted securities” for the purposes of Chapter 8 of Part 4 of the Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005. If the debt securities are “deeply discounted securities,” any gain realised on redemption or transfer of the debt securities by a holder who is within the charge to United Kingdom income tax in respect of the debt securities will generally be taxable as income but such holder will not be able to claim relief from income tax in respect of costs incurred on the acquisition, transfer or redemption, or losses incurred on the transfer or redemption, of the debt securities.

Non-United Kingdom Tax Payers

Holders of debt securities who are resident in a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom and who are not resident in the United Kingdom or carrying on a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency (or, for holders who are companies, through a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom) to which the debt security is attributable should not generally be liable to United Kingdom taxation in respect of a disposal (including redemption) of a debt security.

Holders of debt securities who are individuals and who have ceased to be resident in the United Kingdom for a period of less than five years of assessment and who dispose of their debt securities during that period may be liable on return to the United Kingdom to United Kingdom taxation on chargeable gains arising during that period of absence, subject to any applicable exemptions or reliefs.

Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (“SDRT”)

No United Kingdom stamp duty or SDRT should be payable (i) upon the issue of the debt securities by AXIS Finance PLC or (ii) on agreements to transfer debt securities, provided that the relevant series of debt securities falls within the exemption for certain loan capital in section 79 Finance Act 1986.

In order to qualify for exemption, the debt securities must not (i) be convertible into, or carry a right to the acquisition of, shares or other securities; (ii) carry a right to interest the amount of which exceeds a reasonable commercial return on the nominal amount of the securities; (iii) (subject to certain exceptions) carry (or have carried) a right to interest the amount of which falls to be determined, to any extent, by reference to the results of, or any part of, a business or to the value of any property; or (iv) carry (or have carried) a right on repayment to an amount that exceeds the nominal amount of the securities and is not reasonably comparable with what is generally repayable (in respect of a similar nominal amount of capital) under the terms of issue of securities that are quoted on the London Stock Exchange, unless the amount payable on redemption is determined by reference to a UK domestic general prices index such as the retail price index (but not if the returns are linked to an equity index).

Provision of Information by and/or to HM Revenue and Customs

Holders of debt securities should note that, in certain circumstances, HMRC has power to obtain information (including the name and address of the beneficial owner of the interest) from any person in the United Kingdom who either pays or credits interest to, or receives interest with the benefit of, the holder of a debt security. Any such information obtained by HMRC may, in certain circumstances, be shared by HMRC with the tax authorities of the jurisdiction in which the holder is resident for tax purposes.

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United States Taxation

The following summary sets forth the material U.S. federal income tax considerations related to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the debt securities. Unless otherwise stated, this summary deals only with holders of debt securities who acquire the debt securities upon original issuance at their original issue price and who hold their debt securities as capital assets within the meaning of section 1221 of the Code and as beneficial owners. The following discussion is only a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax matters as described herein and does not purport to address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular debt security holder in light of such debt security holder’s specific circumstances. In addition, the following summary does not describe all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to holders of debt securities who may be subject to special rules, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, dealers in securities, traders in securities that adopt a mark-to-market method of tax accounting, tax-exempt organizations, U.S. expatriates, partnerships or other pass-through entities (or investors therein), U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, persons required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to the debt securities as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax or persons who hold the debt securities as part of a hedging or conversion transaction or as part of a short sale or straddle. This discussion is based upon the Code, the U.S. Treasury regulations proposed and promulgated thereunder and any relevant administrative rulings or pronouncements and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof and as currently interpreted, and does not take into account possible changes in such tax laws or interpretations thereof, which may apply retroactively. This discussion does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments within the United States, or any non-U.S. tax laws, that may be applicable to the debt securities or the holders of debt securities and does not address the Medicare tax on net investment income or any aspect of U.S. federal taxation other than income taxation. In addition, this discussion assumes that the debt securities are not issued at a premium, with original issue discount (“OID”), or in bearer form for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If any debt securities are issued at a premium, or with OID, or in bearer form, we will describe the material U.S. federal income tax consequences related to the purchase, ownership, and disposition of such debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.

If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds the debt securities, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding the debt securities, you should consult your tax advisors.

For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the debt securities that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (1) an individual citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a corporation, or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, (4) a trust if either (a) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust or (b) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (5) any other person or entity that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if it were one of the foregoing. For purposes of this discussion, a “non-U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of the debt securities that is a nonresident alien individual or a corporation, estate or trust that is not a U.S. holder.

U.S. Taxation of Holders of Debt Securities Issued by AXIS Capital or AXIS Finance PLC

U.S. Holders of Debt Securities

Interest Payments. Unless otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, interest paid to a U.S. holder on a debt security will be includible in such holder’s gross income as ordinary interest income in

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accordance with the holder’s regular method of tax accounting. In addition to interest on the debt securities (which includes any foreign tax withheld from the interest payments a U.S. holder receives), a U.S. holder will be required to include in income any additional amounts paid in respect of such foreign tax withheld. A U.S. holder may be entitled to deduct or credit this tax, subject to certain limitations (including that the election to deduct or credit foreign taxes applies to all of such holder’s foreign taxes for a particular tax year). Interest (including any additional amounts) on the debt securities generally will be treated as foreign source income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Special sourcing rules may apply, however, if the U.S. holder is a 10% U.S. Shareholder of the issuer of the debt securities, or a related person (within the meaning of section 267(b) of the Code) to any such 10% U.S. Shareholder. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, interest (including additional amounts) on the debt securities generally will constitute passive category income. A U.S. holder will generally be denied a foreign tax credit for foreign taxes imposed with respect to the debt securities where such holder does not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which such holder is not protected from risk of loss. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under such holders’ particular circumstances.

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Disposition of Debt Securities. Upon the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of a debt security, a U.S. holder will recognize taxable gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized on the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition (other than accrued but unpaid interest, which will be taxable as interest to the extent not previously included in income) and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such debt security. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a debt security generally will equal the cost of such debt security and any such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period in the debt security exceeds one year at the time of disposition of the debt security. For U.S. holders other than corporations, preferential tax rates may apply to such long-term capital gain compared to rates that may apply to ordinary income. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations. Any gain or loss realized by a U.S. holder on the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of a debt security generally will be treated as U.S. source gain or loss, as the case may be.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of interest on the debt securities and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of the debt securities unless the holder of the debt securities establishes an exemption from the information reporting rules. A holder of debt securities that does not establish such an exemption also may be subject to U.S. backup withholding tax on these payments if the holder fails to provide its taxpayer identification number or otherwise comply with the backup withholding rules. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

Non-U.S. Holders of Debt Securities

Interest and Disposition. In general (and subject to the discussion below under “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “Additional Withholding Requirements”), a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax with respect to payments of interest on, or gain upon the disposition of, debt securities, unless: (1) the interest or gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a trade or business in the United States; or (2) in the case of gain upon the disposition of debt securities, the non-U.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.

Interest or gain that is effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a trade or business in the United States generally will be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax in the same manner as if it were realized by a U.S. holder, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. In addition, if such non-U.S. holder is a corporation, such interest or gain may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as is provided by an applicable income tax treaty).

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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. If the debt securities are held by a non-U.S. holder through a non-U.S. (and non-U.S. related) broker or financial institution, information reporting and backup withholding generally would not be required. Information reporting, and possibly backup withholding, may apply if the debt securities are held by a non-U.S. holder through a U.S. (or U.S. related) broker or financial institution and the non-U.S. holder fails to provide appropriate information. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors concerning the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules.

U.S. Taxation of Debt Securities Issued by AXIS Finance

U.S. Holders of Debt Securities

Interest Payments. Unless otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, interest paid to a U.S. holder on a debt security will be includible in such holder’s gross income as ordinary interest income in accordance with the holder’s regular method of tax accounting. In addition, interest on the debt securities will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Disposition of Debt Securities. Upon the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of a debt security, a U.S. holder will recognize taxable gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized on the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition (other than accrued but unpaid interest, which will be taxable as interest to the extent not previously included in income) and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such debt security. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a debt security generally will equal the cost of such debt security and any such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period in the debt security exceeds one year at the time of disposition of the debt security. For U.S. holders other than corporations, preferential tax rates may apply to such long-term capital gain compared to rates that may apply to ordinary income. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations. Any gain or loss realized by a U.S. holder on the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of a debt security generally will be treated as U.S. source gain or loss, as the case may be.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of interest on the debt securities and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of the debt securities unless the holder of the debt securities establishes an exemption from the information reporting rules. A holder of debt securities that does not establish such an exemption also may be subject to U.S. backup withholding tax on these payments if the holder fails to provide its taxpayer identification number or otherwise comply with the backup withholding rules. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

Non-U.S. Holders of Debt Securities

U.S. Federal Withholding Tax. Subject to the discussion below under “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “Additional Withholding Requirements,” U.S. federal withholding tax will not apply to any payment of interest on a debt security, provided that:

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If a non-U.S. holder cannot satisfy the requirements described above, payments of interest made to such holder will be subject to a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax, unless the non-U.S. holder provides a properly executed:

The 30% U.S. federal withholding tax generally will not apply to any payment of principal or gain that a non-U.S. holder realizes on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of a debt security.

U.S. Federal Income Tax. If a non-U.S. holder is engaged in a trade or business in the United States and interest on the debt securities is effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment), then such holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that interest on a net income basis (although such holder will be exempt from the 30% U.S. federal withholding tax, provided the certification requirements discussed above in “—U.S. Federal Withholding Tax” are satisfied) in the same manner as if such holder were a United States person as defined under the Code. In addition, if a non-U.S. holder is a non-U.S. corporation, such holder may be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or lower applicable income tax treaty rate, if any) of such holder’s effectively connected earnings and profits, subject to adjustments.

Any gain realized on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of a debt security generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Generally, the amount of interest on the debt securities paid to a non-U.S. holder and the amount of tax, if any, withheld with respect to those payments must be reported to the IRS and such non-U.S. holder. Copies of the information returns reporting such interest payments and any withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides under the provisions of an applicable treaty.

In general, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to backup withholding with respect to payments on the debt securities that are made to such holder provided that the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a United States person as defined under the Code, and it has received from such holder the statement described above in the fifth bullet point under “—U.S. Federal Withholding Tax.”

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In addition, no information reporting or backup withholding will be required regarding the proceeds of the sale or other disposition of a debt security made within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries, if the payor receives the statement described above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the non-U.S. holder is a United States person as defined under the Code, or such holder otherwise establishes an exemption.

The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a non-U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the non-U.S. holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

Additional Withholding Requirements

Under the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, which was enacted in early 2010 and contains provisions from the former Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act of 2009 (“FATCA”), a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax may apply to interest on debt securities issued by AXIS Finance that is paid to (i) a “foreign financial institution” (as specifically defined in the legislation), whether such foreign financial institution is the beneficial owner or an intermediary, unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, report and disclose its U.S. “account” holders (as specifically defined in the legislation) and meets certain other specified requirements or (ii) a non-financial foreign entity, whether such non-financial foreign entity is the beneficial owner or an intermediary, unless such entity provides a certification that the beneficial owner of the payment does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each such substantial U.S. owner and certain other specified requirements are met. In certain cases, the relevant foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity may qualify for an exemption from, or be deemed to be in compliance with, these rules. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States with respect to FATCA may be subject to different rules.

In addition, it is possible that certain payments to holders of debt securities of AXIS Capital or AXIS Finance PLC or shareholders of AXIS Capital (other than a holder of debt or equity interests that are regularly traded on an established securities market) could be treated as “foreign pass-thru payments” that are subject to potential withholding under FATCA. Debt securities giving rise to foreign pass-thru payments will generally not be subject to withholding under FATCA if such obligations are issued on or prior to the date which is six months after the publication of final regulations defining the term foreign pass-thru payment. In addition, proposed U.S. Treasury regulations (upon which taxpayers may rely until final regulations are issued) provide that no withholding under FATCA will apply to foreign pass-thru payments before the date that is two years after the date of publication of final regulations defining the term foreign pass-thru payment.

You should consult your own tax advisor regarding FATCA and whether it may be relevant to your ownership and disposition of our shares and debt securities.

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CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise set out in a prospectus supplement or other supplement to this prospectus, and subject to the considerations discussed below, the securities offered hereby may be purchased by Plans (as defined below).

The following is a summary of certain considerations associated with the purchase of the securities by employee benefit plans that are subject to Title I of the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), plans, individual retirement accounts and other arrangements that are subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) or provisions under any federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code (collectively, “Similar Laws”), and entities whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement (each, a “Plan”).

General Fiduciary Matters

ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of a Plan subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (an “ERISA Plan”) and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan and its fiduciaries or other interested parties. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any discretionary authority or control over the administration of such an ERISA Plan or the management or disposition of the assets of such an ERISA Plan, or who renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation to such an ERISA Plan, is generally considered to be a fiduciary of the ERISA Plan.

In considering an investment of a portion of the assets of any Plan in the securities offered hereby, a fiduciary should determine whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan and the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code or any Similar Law relating to a fiduciary’s duties to the Plan including, without limitation, the prudence, diversification, delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.

Prohibited Transaction Issues

Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit ERISA Plans from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with persons or entities who are “parties in interest,” within the meaning of ERISA, or “disqualified persons,” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code, unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engaged in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. In addition, the fiduciary of the ERISA Plan that engaged in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. The acquisition and/or holding of securities offered hereby by an ERISA Plan with respect to which we are considered a party in interest or a disqualified person may constitute or result in a direct or indirect prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, unless the investment is acquired and is held in accordance with an applicable statutory, class or individual prohibited transaction exemption. In this regard, the U.S. Department of Labor has issued prohibited transaction class exemptions, or “PTCEs,” that may apply to the acquisition and holding of the securities. These class exemptions include, without limitation, PTCE 84-14 respecting transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers, PTCE 90-1 respecting insurance company pooled separate accounts, PTCE 91-38 respecting bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60 respecting life insurance company general accounts and PTCE 96-23 respecting transactions determined by in-house asset managers, although there can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such exemptions will be satisfied.

Because of the foregoing, the securities offered hereby should not be purchased or held by any person investing “plan assets” of any Plan, unless such purchase and holding will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA and the Code or similar violation of any applicable Similar Laws.

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Representation

Accordingly, by acceptance of a security offered hereby, each purchaser and subsequent transferee of a security will be deemed to have represented and warranted that either (i) no portion of the assets used by such purchaser or transferee to acquire or hold the securities offered hereby constitutes assets of any Plan or (ii) the purchase and holding of the securities offered hereby by such purchaser or transferee will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or similar violation under any applicable Similar Laws.

The foregoing discussion is general in nature and is not intended to be all inclusive. Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that fiduciaries, or other persons considering purchasing the securities offered hereby on behalf of, or with the assets of, any Plan, consult with their counsel regarding the potential applicability of ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code and any Similar Laws to such investment and whether an exemption would be applicable to the purchase and holding of the securities offered hereby.

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