As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 3, 2019
1933 Act File No. 333-232285
1940 Act File No. 811-22758
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
[X] REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
[X] Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1
[ ] Post-Effective Amendment No.
and
[X] REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
[X] Amendment No. 6
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
1633 Broadway
New York, New York 10019
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code)
(888) 877-4626
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
Ryan G. Leshaw
c/o Pacific Investment Management Company LLC
650 Newport Center Drive
Newport Beach, California 92660 (Name and Address (Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code) of Agent for Service)
Copies of Communications to:
David C. Sullivan, Esq. Ropes & Gray LLP Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street Boston, Massachusetts 02199 |
Douglas P. Dick, Esq. Adam T. Teufel, Esq. Dechert LLP 1900 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box [X].
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
[ ] when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c).
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Title of Securities Being Registered |
Amount Being
Registered(1) |
Proposed Maximum
Offering Price Per Unit |
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price(2) |
Amount of Registration
Fee(3) |
||||||||||||
Common Shares, par value $0.00001 |
$1,000,000,000 | $129,800 |
(1) |
There are being registered hereunder a presently indeterminate number of shares of common stock to be offered on an immediate, continuous or delayed basis. |
(2) |
Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee as required by Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933. |
(3) |
A registration fee of $121.20 was previously paid in connection with the Registrants initial filing on Form N-2 on June 24, 2019, resulting in a net registration fee amount of $129,678.80 transmitted prior to filing. |
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
Base Prospectus
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
$1,000,000,000 | Common Shares | |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund | PCI |
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019
The Fund. PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company that commenced operations on January 31, 2013, following the initial public offering of its common shares.
Investment Objectives. The Fund seeks current income as a primary objective and capital appreciation as a secondary objective.
Investment Strategy. The Fund utilizes a dynamic allocation strategy across multiple fixed income sectors, with an emphasis on opportunities in developed and emerging global credit markets. The Fund may invest in investment grade debt securities and below investment grade debt securities (commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds), including securities of stressed issuers. The Fund will be managed according to strategies that focus on credit quality, duration management and other risk management techniques. On behalf of the Fund, Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, the Funds investment manager (PIMCO or the Investment Manager), employs an active approach to allocation among multiple fixed income sectors based on, among other things, market conditions, valuation assessments and economic outlook, credit market trends and other economic factors. The Fund focuses on seeking the best income generating investment ideas across multiple fixed income sectors, with an emphasis on seeking opportunities in developed and emerging global credit markets.
(continued on following page)
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds website, pimco.com/literature, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically by visiting pimco.com/edelivery or by contacting your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you own these shares through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank, you may contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Fund, you can inform the Fund that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by calling 844.337.4626. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with the fund complex if you invest directly with the Fund or to all funds held in your account if you invest through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank.
(Continued from previous page)
The Funds common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.00001 per share (the Common Shares) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol PCI. The last reported sale price of the Common Shares, as reported by the NYSE on October 31, 2019, was $25.18 per Common Share. The net asset value (NAV) of the Common Shares at the close of business on October 31, 2019, was $22.80 per Common Share.
Investment in the Funds common shares involves substantial risks arising from, among other strategies, the Funds ability to invest in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or below BBB- by either S&P Global Ratings, a division of The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. (S&P), or Fitch, Inc. (Fitch)) or unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality, the Funds exposure to foreign and emerging markets securities and currencies and to mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, and the Funds use of leverage. Debt securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. The Funds exposure to foreign securities and currencies, and particularly to emerging markets securities and currencies, involves special risks, including foreign currency risk and the risk that the securities may decline in response to unfavorable political and legal developments, unreliable or untimely information or economic and financial instability. Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are subject to extension and prepayment risk and often have complicated structures that make them difficult to value. Because of the risks associated with
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investing in high yield securities, foreign and emerging market securities (and related exposure to foreign currencies) and mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, and
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using leverage, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative. Before investing in the Common Shares, you should read the discussion of the principal risks of investing in the Fund in Principal Risks of the Fund. Certain of these risks are summarized in Prospectus SummaryPrincipal Risks of the Fund.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will have a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero- to eight-year range), as calculated by the Investment Manager, although it may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. PIMCO believes that maintaining duration within this range offers flexibility and the opportunity for above-average returns while potentially limiting exposure to interest rate volatility and related risks.
Portfolio Contents. The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of mortgage-related securities and other debt instruments of varying maturities (the 80% policy).
Substantially all of the Funds portfolio may consist of below investment grade securities. The Fund may invest in debt securities of stressed or distressed issuers.
The Fund may invest without limit in securities of U.S. issuers and without limit in securities of foreign (non-U.S.) issuers, securities traded principally outside of the United States, and securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Fund may invest without limit in investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity (short-term investment grade sovereign debt), including short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries (this limitation does not apply to investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity). The rate of interest on an income-producing security may be fixed, floating or variable. As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund normally invests at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities.
The Fund may utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) involving the purchase or sale of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements and other derivative instruments for investment purposes, leveraging purposes or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio. The Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis and may engage in short sales.
The Fund may invest without limit in illiquid investments (i.e., investments that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities).
The Fund may make investments in debt instruments and other securities directly or through one or more wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries formed by the Fund (each, a Subsidiary). Each Subsidiary may invest, for example, in whole loans or in shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans, or any other security or other instrument that the Fund may hold directly. References herein to the Fund include references to a Subsidiary in respect of the Funds investment exposure. The allocation of the Funds portfolio in a Subsidiary will vary over time and might not always include all of the different types of investments described herein. The Fund will treat a Subsidiarys assets as assets of the Fund for purposes of determining compliance with various provisions of the 1940 Act applicable to the Fund, including those relating to investment policies (Section 8), capital structure and leverage (Section 18) and affiliated transactions and custody (Section 17).
The Fund may invest, either directly or indirectly through its wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiaries, in shares, certificates, notes or other securities issued by a special purpose entity (SPE) sponsored by an alternative lending platform or its affiliates (the Sponsor) that represent the right to receive
ii
principal and interest payments due on pools of whole loans or fractions of whole loans, which may (or may not) be issued by the Sponsor, held by the SPE (Alt Lending ABS). Any such Alt Lending ABS may be backed by consumer, residential or other loans.
When acquiring loans or purchasing Alt Lending ABS, the Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria. Accordingly, certain loans acquired by the Fund or any Alt Lending ABS purchased by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality.
Leverage. The Fund may obtain leverage through reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or borrowings, such as through bank loans or commercial paper and/or other credit facilities. The Fund may also enter into transactions other than those noted above that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, credit default swaps, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio. Depending upon market conditions and other factors, the Fund may or may not determine to add leverage following an offering to maintain or increase the total amount of leverage (as a percentage of the Funds total assets) that the Fund currently maintains, taking into account the additional assets raised through the issuance of Common Shares in such offering. The Fund utilizes certain kinds of leverage, such as reverse repurchase agreements and credit default swaps, opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of such leverage over time and from time to time based on PIMCOs assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. If the Fund determines to add leverage following an offering, it is not possible to predict with accuracy the precise amount of leverage that would be added, in part because it is not possible to predict the number of Common Shares that ultimately will be sold in an offering or series of offerings. To the extent that the Fund does not add additional leverage following an offering, the Funds total amount of leverage as a percentage of its total assets will decrease, which could result in a reduction of investment income available for distribution to Common Shareholders.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will limit its use of leverage from any combination of reverse repurchase agreements or dollar roll transactions (whether or not these instruments are covered), borrowings (i.e., loans or lines of credit from banks or other credit facilities), any future issuance of preferred shares and, to the extent described in this prospectusunder the section entitled Use of Leverage, credit default swaps, other swap agreements and futures contracts, such that the assets attributable to the use of such leverage will not exceed 50% of the Funds total assets (including, for purposes of the 50% limit, the amounts of leverage obtained through the use of such instruments). The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, also generally limits the extent to which the Fund may utilize uncovered reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings, together with any other senior securities representing indebtedness, to 33 1/3% of the Funds total net assets at the time utilized. See Use of Leverage. By using leverage, the Fund will seek to obtain a higher return for holders of common shares than if the Fund did not use leverage.
Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs involved. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be used or that it will be successful during any period in which it is employed. See Use of Leverage and Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that the Fund has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), using the shelf registration process. The Fund may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $1,000,000,000 of the Common Shares on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the Common Shares that the Fund may offer. Each time the Fund uses this prospectus to offer Common Shares, the Fund will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, which contain important information about the Fund, carefully before you invest in the Common Shares. Common Shares may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, through agents designated from time to time by the Fund, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The prospectus supplement relating to an offering will identify any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in the sale of Common Shares, and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between the Fund and its agents or underwriters, or among the Funds underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. See Plan of Distribution. The Fund may not sell any Common Shares through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery or deemed delivery of a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the particular offering of the Common Shares.
You should retain this prospectus and any prospectus supplement for future reference. A Statement of Additional Information, dated [ ], containing additional information about the Fund has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. You can review the table of contents of the Statement of Additional Information on page 76 of this prospectus. You may request a free copy of the Statement of Additional Information, request the Funds most recent annual and semiannual reports, request information about the Fund and make shareholder inquiries by calling toll-free (844)-337-4626 or by writing to the Fund at c/o Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019. The Funds Statement of Additional Information and most recent annual and semiannual reports are available, free of charge, on the Funds website (http://www.pimco.com). You can obtain the same information, free of charge, from the SECs website (http://www.sec.gov).
The Common Shares do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
Neither the U.S. SEC nor the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement. The Fund has not authorized any other person to provide you with inconsistent information. If anyone provides you with inconsistent information, you should not assume that the Fund has authorized or verified it. The Fund is not making an offer
iii
to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the dates on their respective front covers. The Funds business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since the date of this prospectus or the date of any prospectus supplement.
iv
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Table of Contents for the Statement of Additional Information |
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A-1 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
This is only a summary. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Funds common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.00001 per share (the Common Shares). You should review the more detailed information contained in this prospectus and in any related prospectus supplement and in the Statement of Additional Information, especially the information set forth under the heading Principal Risks of the Fund.
The Fund
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund commenced operations on January 31, 2013, following the initial public offering of its Common Shares.
The Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol PCI. As of October 31, 2019, the net assets of the Fund attributable to Common Shares were $3,147,296,632 and the Fund had outstanding 138,017,750 Common Shares. The last reported sale price of the Common Shares, as reported by the NYSE on October 31, 2019, was $25.18 per Common Share. The net asset value (NAV) of the Common Shares at the close of business on October 31, 2019, was $22.80 per Common Share. See Description of Capital Structure.
The Offering
The Fund may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $1,000,000,000 of the Common Shares on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. The Common Shares may be offered at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements. You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in the Common Shares. Common Shares may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, through agents designated from time to time by the Fund, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The prospectus supplement relating to an offering will identify any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in the sale of Common Shares, and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between the Fund and its agents or underwriters, or among the Funds underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. See Plan of Distribution. The Fund may not sell any Common Shares through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery or deemed delivery of a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the particular offering of the Common Shares.
Use of Proceeds
The net proceeds of an offering will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as set forth below. It is currently anticipated that the Fund will be able to invest substantially all of the net proceeds of an offering in accordance with its investment objectives and policies within approximately 30 days of receipt by the Fund, depending on the amount and timing of proceeds available to the Fund as well as the availability of investments consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies, and except to the extent proceeds are held in cash to pay dividends or expenses, or for temporary defensive purposes. See Use of Proceeds.
Investment Objectives and Policies
The Fund seeks current income as a primary objective and capital appreciation as a secondary objective. The Fund will seek to achieve its investment objectives by utilizing a dynamic asset allocation strategy among multiple fixed income sectors in the global credit markets, including corporate debt (including, among other things, fixed-, variable- and floating-rate bonds, bank loans, convertible securities and stressed debt securities issued by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) corporations or other business entities, including emerging market issuers), mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, government and sovereign debt, taxable municipal bonds and other fixed-, variable- and floating-rate income-producing securities of U.S. and foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest in investment grade debt securities and below investment grade debt securities (commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds), including securities of stressed and distressed issuers. The types of securities and instruments in which the Fund may invest are summarized under Portfolio Contents below. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives, and you could lose all of your investment in the Fund.
Portfolio Management Strategies
Dynamic Allocation Strategy. On behalf of the Fund, the Funds investment manager, Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO or the Investment Manager), employs an active approach to allocation among multiple fixed income sectors based on, among other things, market conditions, valuation assessments, economic outlook, credit market trends and other economic factors. With PIMCOs macroeconomic analysis as the basis for top-down investment decisions, including geographic and credit sector emphasis, the Fund focuses on seeking the best income generating investment ideas across multiple fixed income sectors, with an emphasis on seeking opportunities in developed and emerging global credit markets. PIMCO may choose to focus on particular countries/regions (e.g., U.S. vs. foreign), asset classes, industries and sectors to the exclusion of others at any time and from time to time based on market conditions and other factors. The relative value assessment within fixed income sectors draws on PIMCOs regional and sector specialist expertise. As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund will normally invest at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities. The Fund will observe other investment guidelines as summarized below.
Investment Selection Strategies. Once the Funds top-down, portfolio positioning decisions have been made as described above, PIMCO selects particular investments for the Fund by employing a bottom-up, disciplined credit approach which is driven by fundamental, independent research within each sector/asset class represented in the Fund, with a focus on identifying securities and other instruments with solid and/or improving fundamentals.
PIMCO utilizes strategies that focus on credit quality analysis, duration management and other risk management techniques. PIMCO attempts to
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund | Prospectus | 1 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
identify, through fundamental research driven by independent credit analysis and proprietary analytical tools, debt obligations and other income-producing securities that provide current income and/or opportunities for capital appreciation based on its analysis of the issuers credit characteristics and the position of the security in the issuers capital structure.
Consideration of yield is only one component of the portfolio managers approach in managing the Fund. PIMCO also attempts to identify investments that may appreciate in value based on PIMCOs assessment of the issuers credit characteristics, forecast for interest rates and outlook for particular countries/regions, currencies, industries, sectors and the global economy and bond markets generally.
Credit Quality. The Fund may invest without limit in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moodys or below BBB- by either S&P or Fitch), or unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. However, the Fund will not normally invest more than 20% of its total assets in debt instruments, other than mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, that are, at the time of purchase, rated CCC+ or lower by S&P and Fitch and Caa1 or lower by Moodys, or that are unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality to securities so rated. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities regardless of rating (i.e., of any credit quality). For purposes of applying the foregoing policy, in the case of securities with split ratings (i.e., a security receiving two different ratings from two different rating agencies), the Fund will apply the higher of the applicable ratings. The Fund may invest in securities of stressed issuers, which include securities at risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moodys or CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. Debt instruments of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. Debt instruments in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics. The Fund may, for hedging, investment or leveraging purposes, make use of credit default swaps, which are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation in the event of a default or other credit event by the issuer of the debt obligation.
Independent Credit Analysis. PIMCO relies primarily on its own analysis of the credit quality and risks associated with individual debt instruments considered for the Fund, rather than relying exclusively on rating agencies or third-party research. The Funds portfolio managers utilize this information in an attempt to minimize credit risk and to identify issuers, industries or sectors that are undervalued or that offer attractive yields relative to PIMCOs assessment of their credit characteristics. This aspect of PIMCOs capabilities will be particularly important to the extent that the Fund invests in high yield securities and in securities of emerging market issuers.
Duration Management. It is expected that the Fund normally will have a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to eight (0 to 8) year range), as calculated by PIMCO, although it may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. While the Fund seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Fund may invest. PIMCO believes that maintaining duration within this range offers flexibility and the opportunity for above-average returns while potentially limiting exposure to interest rate volatility and related risk. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates. The Funds duration strategy may entail maintaining a negative average portfolio duration from time to time, which would potentially benefit the portfolio in an environment of rising market interest rates, but would generally adversely impact the portfolio in an environment of falling or neutral market interest rates. PIMCO may also utilize certain strategies, including without limit investments in structured notes or interest rate futures contracts or swap, cap, floor or collar transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Funds portfolio, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that such strategies will be successful.
Portfolio Contents
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of mortgage-related securities and other debt instruments of varying maturities (the 80% policy). For purposes of the 80% policy, mortgage-related securities may include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBSs) and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property.
For purposes of the 80% policy, other debt instruments may include, without limitation, bonds, debentures, notes, and other debt securities of U.S. and foreign (non-U.S.) corporate and other issuers, including commercial paper; asset-backed securities issued on a public or private basis; U.S. Government securities; obligations of foreign governments or their sub-divisions, agencies and government sponsored enterprises and obligations of international agencies and supranational entities; municipal securities and other debt securities issued by states or local governments and their agencies, authorities and other government-sponsored enterprises, including taxable municipal securities (such as Build America Bonds); payment-in-kind securities; zero-coupon bonds; inflation-indexed bonds issued by both governments and corporations; structured notes, including hybrid or indexed securities; catastrophe bonds and other event-linked bonds; credit-linked notes; structured credit products; bank loans (including, among others, senior loans, delayed funding loans, revolving credit facilities and loan participations and assignments); preferred securities; convertible debt securities (i.e., debt securities that may be converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of common stock), including synthetic convertible debt securities (i.e., instruments created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security,
2 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
such as an income-producing security and the right to acquire an equity security and contingent convertible securities); and bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits and bankers acceptances. The rate of interest on an income-producing security may be fixed, floating or variable. At any given time and from time to time substantially all of the Funds portfolio may consist of below investment grade securities. The Fund may invest in debt securities of stressed issuers. The Funds investments in derivatives and other synthetic instruments that have economic characteristics similar to mortgage-related securities or other debt instruments will be counted toward satisfaction of this 80% policy.
The Fund may invest without limit in securities of U.S. issuers and without limit in securities of foreign (non-U.S.) issuers, securities traded principally outside of the United States, and securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Fund may invest without limit in investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity (short-term investment grade sovereign debt), including short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries (this limitation does not apply to investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity).
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund normally invests at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrates) in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities.
The Fund may utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) involving the purchase or sale of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements and other derivative instruments for investment purposes, leveraging purposes or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio. The Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis and may engage in short sales. For purposes of the Funds 80% policy, the Fund values its derivative instruments based on their market value.
The Fund will not normally invest directly in common stocks of operating companies. However, the Fund may own and hold common stocks in its portfolio from time to time in connection with a corporate action or the restructuring of a debt instrument or through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund. The Fund may invest in securities that have not been registered for public sale in the
U.S. or relevant non-U.S. jurisdiction, including without limitation securities eligible for purchase and sale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act), or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, and other securities issued in private placements. The Fund may also invest in securities of other investment companies, including, without limitation, ETFs, and may invest in foreign ETFs. The Fund may invest in REITs. The Fund may invest in securities of companies with any market capitalization, including small and medium capitalizations.
The Fund may invest without limit in illiquid investments (i.e., investments that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities).
The Fund may make investments in debt instruments and other securities directly or through one or more wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries formed by the Fund (each, a Subsidiary). Each Subsidiary may invest, for example, in whole loans or in shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans, or any other security or other instrument that the Fund may hold directly. References herein to the Fund include references to a Subsidiary in respect of the Funds investment exposure. The allocation of the Funds portfolio in a Subsidiary will vary over time and might not always include all of the different types of investments described herein.
The Fund may invest, either directly or indirectly through its wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiaries, in Alt Lending ABS backed by consumer, residential or other loans, issued by an SPE sponsored by an online or alternative lending platform or an affiliate thereof.
When acquiring loans or purchasing Alt Lending ABS, the Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria. Accordingly, certain loans acquired by the Fund or underlying any Alt Lending ABS purchased by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality.
Leverage
The Fund may obtain leverage through reverse repurchase agreements or borrowings, such as through bank loans or commercial paper or other credit facilities. The Fund may also enter into transactions other than those noted above that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, credit default swaps, dollar rolls, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will limit its use of leverage from any combination of (i) reverse repurchase agreements or dollar roll transactions (whether or not these instruments are covered as discussed below), (ii), borrowings (i.e., loans or lines of credit from banks or other credit facilities), (iii) any future issuance of preferred shares, and (iv) to the extent described below, credit default swaps, other swap agreements and futures contracts (whether or not these instruments are covered with segregated assets as discussed below) such that the assets attributable to the use of such leverage will not exceed 50% of the Funds total assets (including, for purposes of the 50% limit, the amounts of leverage obtained through the use of such instruments) (the 50% policy). For these purposes, assets attributable to the use of leverage from credit default swaps, other swap agreements and futures contracts will be determined based on the current market value of the instrument if it is cash settled or based on the notional value of the instrument if it is not cash settled. In addition, assets attributable to credit default swaps, other swap agreements or futures contracts will not be counted towards the 50% policy to the extent that the Fund owns offsetting positions or enters into offsetting transactions.
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Depending upon market conditions and other factors, the Fund may or may not determine to add leverage following an offering to maintain or increase the total amount of leverage (as a percentage of the Funds total assets) that the Fund currently maintains, taking into account the additional assets raised through the issuance of Common Shares in such offering. The Fund utilizes certain kinds of leverage, such as reverse repurchase agreements and credit default swaps, opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of such leverage over time and from time to time based on PIMCOs assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. If the Fund determines to add leverage following an offering, it is not possible to predict with accuracy the precise amount of leverage that would be added, in part because it is not possible to predict the number of Common Shares that ultimately will be sold in an offering or series of offerings. To the extent that the Fund does not add additional leverage following an offering, the Funds total amount of leverage as a percentage of its total assets will decrease, which could result in a reduction of investment income available for distribution to holders of the Funds Common Shares (Common Shareholders).
The net proceeds the Fund obtains from reverse repurchase agreements or other forms of leverage utilized, if any, will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. So long as the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the debt obligations and other investments purchased by the Fund exceeds the costs to the Fund of the leverage it utilizes, the investment of the Funds net assets attributable to leverage will generate more income than will be needed to pay the costs of the leverage. If so, and all other things being equal, the excess may be used to pay higher dividends to Common Shareholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from engaging in most forms of leverage representing indebtedness other than preferred shares (including the use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, bank loans, commercial paper or other credit facilities, credit default swaps, total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, to the extent that these instruments are not covered as described below) unless immediately after the issuance of the leverage the Fund has satisfied the asset coverage test with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness prescribed by the 1940 Act; that is, the value of the Funds total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, total net assets) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness to 33 1/3% of the Funds total net assets, including assets attributable to such leverage). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, this asset coverage test is satisfied. The Fund may (but is not required to) cover its commitments under reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, derivatives and certain other instruments by the segregation of liquid assets, or by entering into offsetting transactions or owning positions covering its obligations. To the extent that certain of these instruments are so covered, they will not be considered senior securities under the 1940 Act and therefore will not be subject to the 1940 Act 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to forms of senior securities representing indebtedness used by the Fund. However, reverse repurchase agreements and other such instruments, even if covered, represent a form of economic leverage and create special risks. The use of these forms of leverage increases the volatility of the Funds investment portfolio and could result in larger losses to Common Shareholders than if these strategies were not used. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk. To the extent that the Fund engages in borrowings, it may prepay a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default.
Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs involved. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls or borrowings, issue preferred shares or utilize any other forms of leverage (such as the use of derivatives strategies). If used, there can be no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategies will result in a higher yield on your Common Shares. When leverage is used, the NAV and market price of the Common Shares and the yield to Common Shareholders will be more volatile. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk. In addition, dividend, interest and other expenses borne by the Fund with respect to its use of reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls, borrowings or any other forms of leverage are borne by the Common Shareholders and result in a reduction of the NAV of the Common Shares. In addition, because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the Funds average daily total managed assets (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, borrowings and preferred shares), which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Shareholders, on the other hand.
Please see Use of Leverage and Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk in the body of this prospectus for additional information regarding leverage and related risks.
Investment Manager
PIMCO serves as the investment manager of the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the Board). PIMCO is responsible for managing the investment activities of the Fund and the Funds business affairs and other administrative matters. Dan Ivascyn, Mark R. Kiesel, Alfred T. Murata and Elizabeth O. MacLean are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
The Investment Manager receives an annual fee from the Fund, payable monthly, in an amount equal to 1.15% of the Funds average daily total managed assets. Total managed assets includes total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued
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Base Prospectus
liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings). For purposes of calculating total managed assets, the Funds derivative investments will be valued based on their market value.
PIMCO is located at 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA, 92660. Organized in 1971, PIMCO provides investment management and advisory services to private accounts of institutional and individual clients and to registered investment companies. PIMCO is a majority-owned indirect subsidiary of Allianz SE, a publicly traded European insurance and financial services company. As of September 30, 2019, PIMCO had approximately $1.88 trillion in assets under management.
Dividends and Distributions
The Fund makes regular monthly cash distributions to Common Shareholders at a rate based upon the past and projected net income of the Fund. Subject to applicable law, the Fund may fund a portion of its distributions with gains from the sale of portfolio securities and other sources. The Funds dividend policy, as well as the dividend rate that the Fund pays on its Common Shares, may vary as portfolio and market conditions change, and will depend on a number of factors. There can be no assurance that a change in market conditions or other factors will not result in a change in the Fund distribution rate or that the rate will be sustainable in the future.
The Fund generally distributes each year all of its net investment income and net short-term capital gains. In addition, at least annually, the Fund generally distributes net realized long-term capital gains not previously distributed, if any. The Fund may distribute less than the entire amount of net investment income earned in a particular period. The undistributed net investment income would be available to supplement future distributions. As a result, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular monthly period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during the period.
The tax treatment and characterization of the Funds distributions may vary significantly from time to time because of the varied nature of the Funds investments.
To the extent required by the 1940 Act and other applicable laws, absent an exemption, a notice will accompany each monthly distribution with respect to the estimated source (as between net income, gains or other capital source) of the distribution made. If the Fund estimates that a portion of one of its dividend distributions may be comprised of amounts from sources other than net income, the Fund will notify shareholders of record of the estimated composition of such distribution through a Section 19 Notice. For these purposes, the Fund estimates the source or sources from which a distribution is paid, to the close of the period as of which it is paid, in reference to its internal accounting records and related accounting practices. If, based on such accounting records and practices, it is estimated that a particular distribution does not include capital gains or paid-in surplus or other capital sources, a Section 19 Notice generally would not be issued. It is important to note that differences exist between the Funds daily internal accounting records and practices, the Funds financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and recordkeeping practices under income tax regulations. Accordingly, among other consequences, it is possible that the Fund may not issue a Section 19 Notice in situations where the Funds financial statements prepared later and in accordance with U.S. GAAP and/or the final tax character of those distributions might later report that the sources of those distributions included capital gains and/or a return of capital.
The tax characterization of the Funds distributions made in a taxable year cannot finally be determined until at or after the end of such taxable year. As a result, there is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Funds net investment income and net realized capital gains for the relevant year (including as reduced by any capital loss carry-forwards). For example, the Fund may distribute amounts early in the year that are derived from short-term capital gains, but incur net short-term capital losses later in the year, thereby offsetting short-term capital gains out of which the Fund has already made distributions. In such a situation, the amount by which the Funds total distributions exceed net investment income and net realized capital gains would generally be treated as a tax-free return of capital up to the amount of a shareholders tax basis in his or her Common Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of Common Shares. In general terms, a return of capital would occur where the Fund distribution (or portion thereof) represents a return of a portion of your investment, rather than net income or capital gains generated from your investment during a particular period. Although return of capital distributions are not taxable, such distributions would reduce the basis of a shareholders Common Shares and therefore may increase a shareholders capital gains, or decrease a shareholders capital loss, upon a sale of Common Shares, thereby potentially increasing a shareholders tax liability. The Fund will prepare and make available to shareholders detailed tax information with respect to the Funds distributions annually. See Tax Matters.
The 1940 Act currently limits the number of times the Fund may distribute long-term capital gains in any tax year, which may increase the variability of the Funds distributions and result in certain distributions being comprised more or less heavily than others of long-term capital gains currently eligible for favorable income tax rates.
Unless a Common Shareholder elects to receive distributions in cash, all distributions of Common Shareholders whose shares are registered with the plan agent will be automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares of the Fund under the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan. For more information on the Funds dividends and distributions, see Distributions and Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
Custodian and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as custodian of the Funds assets and also provides certain fund accounting and sub-administrative services to the Investment Manager on behalf of the Fund. American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC serves as the Funds transfer agent and dividend disbursement agent. See Custodian and Transfer Agent.
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as custodian of certain assets held by the Funds Subsidiaries.
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Listing
The Funds outstanding Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the trading or ticker symbol PCI, as will be the Common Shares offered in this prospectus, subject to notice of issuance.
Market Price of Shares
Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at prices lower than NAV. Shares of closed-end investment companies have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and during other periods traded at prices lower than NAV. The Fund cannot assure you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than NAV in the future. NAV will be reduced immediately following an offering by any sales load and/ or commissions and the amount of offering expenses paid or reimbursed by the Fund. See Use of Proceeds. In addition to NAV, market price may be affected by factors relating to the Fund such as dividend levels and stability (which will in turn be affected by Fund expenses, including the costs of any leverage used by the Fund, levels of interest payments by the Funds portfolio holdings, levels of appreciation/depreciation of the Funds portfolio holdings, regulation affecting the timing and character of Fund distributions and other factors), portfolio credit quality, liquidity, call protection, market supply and demand and similar factors relating to the Funds portfolio holdings. See Use of Leverage, Principal Risks of the Fund, Description of Shares and Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund in this prospectus, and see Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund in the Statement of Additional Information. The Common Shares are designed for long-term investors and should not be treated as trading vehicles.
Principal Risks of the Fund
The following is a summary of the principal risks associated with an investment in Common Shares of the Fund. Investors should also refer to Principal Risks of the Fund in this prospectus and Investment Objectives and Policies in the Statement of Additional Information for a more detailed explanation of these and other risks associated with investing in the Fund.
Market Discount Risk
As with any stock, the price of the Funds Common Shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If you sell your Common Shares, the price received may be more or less than your original investment. NAV of the Funds Common Shares will be reduced immediately following an offering by any sales load and/or commissions and offering expenses paid or reimbursed by the Fund in connection with such offering. The completion of an offering may result in an immediate dilution of the NAV per Common Share for all existing Common Shareholders. The Common Shares are designed for long-term investors and should not be treated as trading vehicles. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. The Common Shares may trade at a price that is less than the offering price for Common Shares issued pursuant to an offering. This risk may be greater for investors who sell their Common Shares relatively shortly after completion of an offering.
Market Risk
The market price of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, adverse changes to credit markets or adverse investor sentiment generally. The value of a security may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, market risk includes the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt the economy on a national or global level. The current contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events within the United States and abroad, such as the U.S. governments inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, has in the past resulted, and may in the future result, in a government shutdown, which could have an adverse impact on the Funds investments and operations. Additional and/or prolonged U.S. federal government shutdowns may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. Any market disruptions could also prevent the Fund from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner.
Current market conditions may pose heightened risks with respect to the Funds investment in fixed income securities. As discussed more under Principal Risks of the FundInterest Rate Risk, interest rates in the U.S. are near historically low levels. Any interest rate increases in the future could cause the value of any Fund that invests in fixed income securities to decrease. As such, fixed income securities markets may experience heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risk. If rising interest rates cause the Fund to lose enough value, the Fund could also face increased shareholder redemptions, which could force the Fund to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times or prices, therefore adversely affecting the Fund and its shareholders.
Exchanges and securities markets may close early, close late or issue trading halts on specific securities, which may result in, among other things, the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments at an advantageous time or accurately price its portfolio investments.
Asset Allocation Risk
The Funds investment performance depends upon how its assets are allocated and reallocated. A principal risk of investing in the Fund is that PIMCO may make less than optimal or poor asset allocation decisions. PIMCO employs an active approach to allocation among multiple fixed-income sectors, but there is no guarantee that such allocation techniques will produce the desired results. It is possible that PIMCO will focus on an investment that performs poorly or underperforms other investments under various market conditions. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund as a result of these allocation decisions.
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Base Prospectus
Management Risk
The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. PIMCO and each individual portfolio manager will apply investment techniques and risk analysis in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results. Certain securities or other instruments in which the Fund seeks to invest may not be available in the quantities desired. In addition, regulatory restrictions, actual or potential conflicts of interest or other considerations may cause PIMCO to restrict or prohibit participation in certain investments. In such circumstances, PIMCO or the individual portfolio managers may determine to purchase other securities or instruments as substitutes. Such substitute securities or instruments may not perform as intended, which could result in losses to the Fund. To the extent the Fund employs strategies targeting perceived pricing inefficiencies, arbitrage strategies or similar strategies, it is subject to the risk that the pricing or valuation of the securities and instruments involved in such strategies may change unexpectedly, which may result in reduced returns or losses to the Fund. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax restrictions, policies or developments may affect the investment techniques available to PIMCO and each individual portfolio manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. There also can be no assurance that all of the personnel of PIMCO will continue to be associated with PIMCO for any length of time. The loss of the services of one or more key employees of PIMCO could have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to realize its investment objectives.
In addition, the Fund may rely on various third-party sources to calculate its net asset value. As a result, the Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on service providers and service providers data sources. In particular, errors or systems failures and other technological issues may adversely impact the Funds calculations of its net asset value, and such net asset value calculation issues may result in inaccurately calculated net asset values, delays in net asset value calculation and/or the inability to calculate net asset values over extended periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Issuer Risk
The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets. A change in the financial condition of a single issuer may affect securities markets as a whole. These risks can apply to the Common Shares issued by the Fund and to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities and other instruments in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result of movements in interest rates.
A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic conditions, etc.). This is especially true under current conditions because interest rates and bond yields are near historically low levels. Thus, the Fund currently faces a heightened level of risk associated with rising interest rates and/or bond yields. This could be driven by a variety of factors, including but not limited to central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, increasing bond issuances or reduced market demand for low yielding investments.
Rising interest rates may result in a decline in value of the Funds fixed income investments and in periods of volatility.
Credit Risk
The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security (including a security purchased with securities lending collateral), or the counterparty to a derivatives contract, repurchase agreement or a loan of portfolio securities, is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The downgrade of the credit of a security held by the Fund may decrease its value. Securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. Measures such as average credit quality may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of the Fund. This is especially the case if the Fund consists of securities with widely varying credit ratings. Credit risk is greater to the extent the Fund uses leverage or derivatives in connection with the management of the Fund.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers.
The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, CMOs, commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, SMBSs and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. The Fund may also invest in other types of asset-backed securities, including collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), which include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities. See Portfolio ContentsMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in this prospectus and Investment Objectives and PoliciesMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in the Statement of Additional Information for a description of the various mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities in which the Fund may invest and their related risks.
Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages or other assets such as consumer loans or receivables held in trust and often involve risks that are different from or possibly more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. Generally, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of fixed rate mortgage-
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 7 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
related securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the Fund may exhibit additional volatility since individual mortgage holders are less likely to exercise prepayment options, thereby putting additional downward pressure on the value of these securities and potentially causing the Fund to lose money. The Funds investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-related securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. Payment of principal and interest on asset-backed securities may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities, and asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of any security interest in the related assets. See Principal Risks of the Fund Subprime Risks and Principal Risks of the FundMortgage Market Risk.
The Fund may also invest in the residual or equity tranches of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which may be referred to as subordinate mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities and interest-only mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities. The Fund expects that investments in subordinate mortgage-backed and other asset-backed instruments will be subject to risks arising from delinquencies and foreclosures, thereby exposing its investment portfolio to potential losses. Subordinate mortgage-backed and other asset-backed instruments are also subject to greater credit risk than those mortgage- backed or other asset-backed securities that are more highly rated.
Because an investment in the residual or equity tranche of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed instrument will be the first to bear losses incurred by such instrument, these investments may involve a significantly greater degree of risk than investments in other tranches of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed instruments.
Privately-Issued Mortgage-Related Securities Risk
There are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in pools created by non-governmental issuers. Privately-issued mortgage-related securities are also not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee.
Privately-issued mortgage-related securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Funds portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
Mortgage Market Risk
The mortgage markets in the United States and in various foreign countries have experienced extreme difficulties in the past that adversely affected the performance and market value of certain of the Funds mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential and commercial mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) may increase, and a decline in or flattening of housing and other real property values may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. In addition, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.
High Yield Securities Risk
In general, lower rated debt securities carry a greater degree of risk that the issuer will lose its ability to make interest and principal payments, which could have a negative effect on the NAV of the Funds Common Shares or Common Share dividends. Securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. High yield securities involve a greater risk of default and their prices are generally more volatile and sensitive to actual or perceived negative developments, such as a decline in the issuers revenues or revenues of underlying borrowers or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain rating agencies. The Fund may purchase distressed securities that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy, which involve heightened risks. See Principal Risks of the FundDistressed and Defaulted Securities Risk. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. Lower-rated securities are generally less liquid than higher-rated securities, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds ability to dispose of a particular security. For example, under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for below investment grade securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, and certain securities in the Funds portfolio may become illiquid or less liquid. As a result, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell these securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. See Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk. To the extent the Fund focuses on below investment grade debt obligations, PIMCOs capabilities in analyzing credit quality and associated risks will be particularly important, and there can be no assurance that PIMCO will be successful in this regard. See Portfolio Contents High Yield Securities for additional information. Due to the risks involved in investing in high yield securities, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.
The Funds credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency or PIMCO downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, PIMCO may consider factors including, but not limited to, PIMCOs assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. Analysis of creditworthiness may be more complex for issuers of high yield securities than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.
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Base Prospectus
Distressed and Defaulted Securities Risk
As noted above, the Fund may invest in the debt securities of financially distressed issuers, including those that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy. Investments in the securities of financially distressed issuers involve substantial risks. These securities may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default at the time of investment. In addition, these securities may fluctuate more in price, and are typically less liquid than other higher-rated debt securities. The Fund also will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when, and in what manner, and for what value obligations evidenced by securities of financially distressed issuers will eventually be satisfied (e.g., through a liquidation of the issuers assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization, or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). Defaulted obligations might be repaid only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.
Also among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of such issuer. PIMCOs judgments about the credit quality of a financially distressed issuer and the relative value of its securities may prove to be wrong.
Inflation-Indexed Security Risk
Inflation-indexed debt securities are subject to the effects of changes in market interest rates caused by factors other than inflation (real interest rates). In general, the value of an inflation-indexed security, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS,), tends to decrease when real interest rates increase and can increase when real interest rates decrease. Thus generally, during periods of rising inflation, the value of inflation-indexed securities will tend to increase and during periods of deflation, their value will tend to decrease. Interest payments on inflation-indexed securities are unpredictable and will fluctuate as the principal and interest are adjusted for inflation. There can be no assurance that the inflation index used (i.e., the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI)) will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Increases in the principal value of TIPS due to inflation are considered taxable ordinary income for the amount of the increase in the calendar year. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed debt security will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive the principal until maturity. Additionally, a CPI swap can potentially lose value if the realized rate of inflation over the life of the swap is less than the fixed market implied inflation rate (fixed breakeven rate) that the investor agrees to pay at the initiation of the swap. With municipal inflation-indexed securities, the inflation adjustment is integrated into the coupon payment, which is federally tax-exempt (and may be state tax-exempt). For municipal inflation-indexed securities, there is no adjustment to the principal value. Because municipal inflation-indexed securities are a small component of the municipal bond market, they may be less liquid than conventional municipal bonds.
Senior Debt Risk
Because it may invest in below-investment grade senior debt, the Fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk than funds that do not invest in such debt. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in senior debt. Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly available information and other factors may, in certain instances, make senior debt more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. Additionally, if the issuer of senior debt prepays, the Fund will have to consider reinvesting the proceeds in other senior debt or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates.
Loans and Other Indebtedness; Loan Participations and Assignments Risk
Loan interests may take the form of (i) direct interests acquired during a primary distribution or (ii) assignments of, novations of or participations in all or a portion of a loan acquired in secondary markets. In addition to credit risk and interest rate risk, the Funds exposure to loan interests may be subject to additional risks. For example, purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. Loans are subject to the risk that scheduled interest or principal payments will not be made in a timely manner or at all, either of which may adversely affect the value of the loan. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Funds share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer the Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, the collateral underlying a loan may be unavailable or insufficient to satisfy a borrowers obligation, and the Fund could become part owner of any collateral if a loan is foreclosed, subjecting the Fund to costs associated with owning and disposing of the collateral.
Investments in loans through a purchase of a loan or a direct assignment of a financial institutions interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks to the Fund. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become owner, in whole or in part, of any collateral, which could include, among other assets, real estate or other real or personal property, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and holding or disposing of the collateral.
In connection with purchasing loan participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the loan participation. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Certain loan participations may be structured in a manner designed to prevent purchasers of participations from being subject to the credit risk of the lender with respect to the participation, but even under such a structure, in the event of the lenders insolvency, the lenders servicing of the participation may be delayed and the assignability of the participation impaired.
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
The Fund may have difficulty disposing of loans and loan participations because to do so it will have to assign or sell such securities to a third party. Because there is no liquid market for many such securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Funds ability to dispose of particular loans and loan participations when that would be desirable, including in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for loans and loan participations also may make it more difficult for the Fund to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing the Funds portfolio.
To the extent the Fund acquires loans, including bank loans and alternative lending platform loans, the Fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call (or prepayment) risk, settlement risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. These instruments are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuers continuing ability to make principal and interest payments and may be more volatile than other types of securities. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in loans. In addition, the loans in which the Fund invests may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such loans may be comparatively illiquid relative to markets for other more liquid fixed income securities. Consequently, transactions in loans may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded securities. In connection with certain loan transactions, transaction costs that are borne by the Fund may include the expenses of third parties that are retained to assist with reviewing and conducting diligence, negotiating, structuring and servicing a loan transaction, and/or providing other services in connection therewith. Furthermore, the Fund may incur such costs in connection with loan transactions that are pursued by the Fund but not ultimately consummated (so-called broken deal costs).
Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may, in certain circumstances, make loans more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in the Fund being unable to realize full value for the loans and/or may result in the Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a loan for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to the Fund. Some loans may have extended trade settlement periods, including settlement periods of greater than 7 days, which may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. If an issuer of a loan prepays or redeems the loan prior to maturity, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other loans or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates. Because of the risks involved in investing in loans, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.
The Funds investments in subordinated and unsecured loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in secured loans. Subordinated or unsecured loans are lower in priority of payment to secured loans and are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt, which are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. Subordinated and unsecured loans generally have greater price volatility than secured loans and may be less liquid. There is also a possibility that originators will not be able to sell participations in subordinated or unsecured loans, which would create greater credit risk exposure for the holders of such loans. Subordinated and unsecured loans share the same risks as other below investment grade securities.
There may be less readily available information about most loans and the underlying borrowers than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the 1933 Act, or registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), and borrowers subject to the periodic reporting requirements of Section 13 of the Exchange Act. Loans may be issued by companies that are not subject to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reporting requirements and therefore may not be required to file reports with the SEC or may file reports that are not required to comply with SEC form requirements. In addition, such companies may be subject to a less stringent liability disclosure regime than companies subject to SEC reporting requirements. Loans may not be considered securities, and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws. Because there is limited public information available regarding loan investments, the Fund is particularly dependent on the analytical abilities of the Funds portfolio managers. These issues may be particularly pronounced with respect to loans made to individuals.
Economic exposure to loan interests through the use of derivative transactions may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the loan interest directly during a primary distribution, through direct originations, or through assignments of, novations of or participations in a loan acquired in secondary markets since, in addition to the risks described above, certain derivative transactions may be subject to leverage risk and greater illiquidity risk, counterparty risk, valuation risk and other risks.
Subprime Risk
Loans, and debt instruments collateralized by loans (including Alt Lending ABS), acquired by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality. Although there is no specific legal or market definition of subprime, subprime loans are generally understood to refer to loans made to borrowers that display poor credit histories and other characteristics that correlate with a higher default risk. Accordingly, subprime loans, and debt instruments secured by such loans (including Alt Lending ABS), have speculative characteristics and are subject to heightened risks, including the risk of nonpayment of interest or repayment of principal, and the risks associated with investments in high yield securities. In addition, these instruments could be subject to increased regulatory scrutiny. The Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria when acquiring loans or debt instruments collateralized by loans.
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Base Prospectus
Privacy and Data Security Laws
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) and other laws limit the disclosure of certain non-public personal information about a consumer to non-affiliated third parties and require financial institutions to disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with both affiliates and non-affiliated third parties. Many states and a number of non-U.S. jurisdictions have enacted privacy and data security laws requiring safeguards on the privacy and security of consumers personally identifiable information. Other laws deal with obligations to safeguard and dispose of private information in a manner designed to avoid its dissemination. Privacy rules adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and SEC implement GLBA and other requirements and govern the disclosure of consumer financial information by certain financial institutions, ranging from banks to private investment funds. U.S. platforms following certain models generally are required to have privacy policies that conform to these GLBA and other requirements. In addition, such platforms typically have policies and procedures intended to maintain platform participants personal information securely and dispose of it properly.
The Fund generally does not intend to obtain or hold borrowers non-public personal information, and the Fund intends to implement procedures designed to prevent the disclosure of borrowers non-public personal information to the Fund. However, service providers to the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries, including their custodians and the platforms acting as loan servicers for the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries, may obtain, hold or process such information. The Fund cannot guarantee the security of non-public personal information in the possession of such a service provider and cannot guarantee that service providers have been and will continue to comply with GLBA, other data security and privacy laws and any other related regulatory requirements. Violations of GLBA and other laws could subject the Fund to litigation and/or fines, penalties or other regulatory action, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have an adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may also face regulations related to privacy and data security in the other jurisdictions in which the Fund invests.
Platform Risk
If the Fund purchases Alt Lending ABS on an alternative lending platform, the Fund will have the right to receive principal and interest payments due on loans underlying the Alt Lending ABS only if the platform servicing the loans receives the borrowers payments on such loans and passes such payments through to the Fund. If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal or interest due, as (among other reasons) the Fund may not have direct recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its rights under the loan, whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated, the loan may be unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable to commence a legal proceeding against the defaulting borrower.
The Fund may have limited knowledge about the underlying loans and is dependent upon the platform for information regarding underlying loans. PIMCO may perform diligence on the platforms that issue the Alt Lending ABS or the underlying loans. Among other factors, PIMCO may evaluate the process by which each platform extends loans and loan-related services to borrowers, as well as general characteristics of the loans made available through each platform. PIMCO may also engage a loan verification agent or other third party to perform confirmatory diligence on samples of loans, either prior to or following purchase. Although the Fund conducts this diligence on the platforms, the Fund generally does not have the ability to independently verify the information provided by the platforms, other than payment information regarding loans and other alternative lending-related instruments owned by the Fund, which the Fund observes directly as payments are received. With respect to alternative lending instruments that the Fund purchases in the secondary market (i.e., not directly from an alternative lending platform), the Fund may not perform the same level of diligence on such platform or at all. The Fund may not review the particular characteristics of the loans collateralizing an Alt Lending ABS, but rather negotiate in advance with platforms the general criteria of the underlying loans. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the platforms ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each loan and borrower.
The Fund relies on the borrowers credit information, which is provided by the platforms. However, such information may be out of date, incomplete or inaccurate and may, therefore, not accurately reflect the borrowers actual creditworthiness. Platforms may not have an obligation to update borrower information, and, therefore, the Fund may not be aware of any impairment in a borrowers creditworthiness subsequent to the making of a particular loan. The platforms credit decisions and scoring models may be based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or prove to be ineffective or otherwise flawed. This could adversely affect loan pricing data and approval processes and could cause loans to be mispriced or misclassified, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the Funds performance.
In addition, the underlying loans, in some cases, may be affected by the success of the platforms through which they are facilitated. Therefore, disruptions in the businesses of such platforms may also negatively impact the value of the Funds investments. In addition, disruption in the business of a platform could limit or eliminate the ability of the Fund to invest in loans originated by that platform, and therefore the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of its diligence effort with respect to that platform.
Platforms are for-profit businesses that, as a general matter, generate revenue by collecting fees on funded loans from borrowers and by assessing a loan servicing fee on investors, which may be a fixed annual amount or a percentage of the loan or amounts collected. This business could be disrupted in multiple ways; for example, a platform could file for bankruptcy or a platform might suffer reputational harm from negative publicity about the platform or alternative lending more generally and the loss of investor confidence in the event that a loan facilitated through the platform is not repaid and the investor loses money on its investment. Many platforms and/or their affiliates have incurred operating losses since their inception and may continue to incur net losses in the future, particularly as their businesses grow and they incur additional operating expenses Platforms may also be forced to defend legal action taken by regulators or governmental bodies. Alternative lending is a newer industry operating in an evolving legal environment. Platforms may be subject to risk of litigation
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
alleging violations of law and/or regulations, including, for example, consumer protection laws, whether in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions. Platforms may be unsuccessful in defending against such lawsuits or other actions and, in addition to the costs incurred in fighting any such actions, platforms may be required to pay money in connection with the judgments, settlements or fines or may be forced to modify the terms of its borrower loans, which could cause the platform to realize a loss or receive a lower return on a loan than originally anticipated. Platforms may also be parties to litigation or other legal action in an attempt to protect or enforce their rights or those of affiliates, including intellectual property rights, and may incur similar costs in connection with any such efforts.
The Funds investments in Alt Lending ABS may expose the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer. Generally, such instruments are unsecured obligations of the issuer; an issuer that becomes subject to bankruptcy proceedings may be unable to make full and timely payments on its obligations to the Fund, even if the payments on the underlying loan or loans continue to be made timely and in full. In addition, when the Fund owns Alt Lending ABS, the Fund and its custodian generally does not have a contractual relationship with, or personally identifiable information regarding, individual borrowers, so the Fund will not be able to enforce underlying loans directly against borrowers and may not be able to appoint an alternative servicing agent in the event that a platform or third-party servicer, as applicable, ceases to service the underlying loans. Therefore, the Fund is more dependent on the platform for servicing than if the Fund had owned whole loans through the platform. Where such interests are secured, the Fund relies on the platform to perfect the Funds security interest. In addition, there may be a delay between the time the Fund commits to purchase an instrument issued by a platform, its affiliate or a special purpose entity sponsored by the platform or its affiliate and the issuance of such instrument and, during such delay, the funds committed to such an investment will not earn interest on the investment nor will they be available for investment in other alternative lending-related instruments, which will reduce the effective rate of return on the investment.
Reinvestment Risk
Income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Fund to invest in lower-yielding securities. The Fund also may choose to sell higher yielding portfolio securities and to purchase lower yielding securities to achieve greater portfolio diversification, because the portfolio managers believe the current holdings are overvalued or for other investment-related reasons. A decline in income received by the Fund from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on dividend levels and the market price, NAV and/or overall return of the Common Shares.
Call Risk
Call risk refers to the possibility that an issuer may exercise its right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuers credit quality). If an issuer calls a security in which the Fund has invested, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk
The Fund may invest in foreign (non-U.S.) securities and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than the Fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign (non-U.S.) securities are usually not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, and conditions and events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Funds investments in a foreign country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in foreign (non-U.S.) securities. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks associated with foreign (non-U.S.) investments. Foreign (non-U.S.) securities may also be less liquid and more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers.
The Fund may face potential risks associated with the referendum on the United Kingdoms continued membership in the EU, which resulted in a vote for the United Kingdom to leave the EU (commonly known as Brexit). Given the size and importance of the United Kingdoms economy, the vote to leave the EU may result in substantial volatility in foreign exchange markets and may lead to a sustained weakness in the British pounds exchange rate against the United States dollar, the euro and other currencies, which may impact Fund returns. The vote to leave the EU may also result in a sustained period of market uncertainty, as the United Kingdom seeks to negotiate the terms of its exit. In this regard, there is a significant degree of uncertainty about how negotiations relating to the United Kingdoms withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for Brexit. The vote to leave the EU may also destabilize some or all of the other EU member countries and/or the Eurozone. These developments could result in losses to the Fund, as there may be negative effects on the value of the Funds investments and/or on the Funds ability to enter into certain transactions or value certain investments, and these developments may make it more difficult for the Fund to exit certain investments at an advantageous time or price. Such events could result from, among other things, increased uncertainty and volatility in the United Kingdom, the EU and other financial markets; fluctuations in asset values; fluctuations in exchange rates; decreased liquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the United Kingdom, the EU or elsewhere; changes in the willingness or ability of financial and other counterparties to enter into transactions or the price and terms on which other counterparties are willing to transact; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which Fund investments are or become subject. Any of these events, as well as an exit or expulsion of an EU member state other than the United Kingdom from the EU, could negatively impact Fund returns.
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Base Prospectus
The Fund may invest in securities and instruments that are economically tied to Russia. Investments in Russia are subject to various risks such as political, economic, legal, market and currency risks. The risks include uncertain political and economic policies, short term market volatility, poor accounting standards, corruption and crime, an inadequate regulatory system, and unpredictable taxation. Investments in Russia are particularly subject to the risk that economic sanctions may be imposed by the United States and/or other countries. Such sanctionswhich may impact companies in many sectors, including energy, financial services and defense, among othersmay negatively impact the Funds performance and/or ability to achieve its investment objectives. The Russian securities market, as compared to U.S. markets, has significant price volatility, less liquidity, a smaller market capitalization and a smaller number of traded securities.
Emerging Markets Risk
Foreign investment risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in securities of issuers based in or doing business in emerging market countries or invests in securities denominated in the currencies of emerging market countries. Investing in securities of issuers based in or doing business in emerging markets entails all of the risks of investing in foreign securities noted above, but to a heightened degree. Also, investing in emerging market countries may entail purchases of securities of issuers that are insolvent, bankrupt or otherwise of questionable ability to satisfy their payment obligations as they become due, subjecting the Fund to a greater amount of credit risk and/or high yield risk. See Principal Risks of the Fund - Credit Risk and Principal Risks of the Fund - High Yield Securities Risk.
Investments in emerging market countries pose a greater degree of systemic risk (i.e., the risk of a cascading collapse of multiple institutions within a country, and even multiple national economies). The inter-relatedness of economic and financial institutions within and among emerging market economies has deepened over the years, with the effect that institutional failures and/or economic difficulties that are of initially limited scope may spread throughout a country, a region or even among all or most emerging market countries. This may undermine any attempt by the Fund to reduce risk through geographic diversification of its portfolio investments among emerging market countries.
There is also a risk that an emerging market government may take action that impedes or prevents the Fund from taking income and/or capital gains earned in the local currency and converting into U.S. dollars (i.e., repatriating local currency investments or profits). Certain emerging market countries have sought to maintain foreign exchange reserves and/or address the economic volatility and dislocations caused by the large international capital flows by controlling or restricting the conversion of the local currency into other currencies. This risk tends to become more acute when economic conditions otherwise worsen. There can be no assurance that if the Fund earns income or capital gains in an emerging market currency or PIMCO otherwise seeks to withdraw the Funds investments from a given emerging market country, capital controls imposed by such country will not prevent, or cause significant expense in, doing so.
Currency Risk
The Fund may engage in practices and strategies that will result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in which case the Fund will be subject to foreign currency risk. The Funds Common Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Common Shareholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, because a substantial portion of the Funds assets may be denominated directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, or in derivatives that provide exposure to foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, it will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries.
Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Funds portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Common Shareholders. As noted above, the Fund may (but is not required to) seek exposure to foreign currencies, or attempt to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. There is no assurance, however, that these strategies will be available or will be used by the Fund or, if used, that they will be successful. As a result, the Funds investments in foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund.
Redenomination Risk
Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the euro and the European Monetary Union (EMU) has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Funds portfolio investments. If one or more EMU countries were to stop using the euro as its primary currency, the Funds investments in such countries may be redenominated into a different or newly adopted currency. As a result, the value of those investments could decline significantly and unpredictably. In addition, securities or other investments that are redenominated may be subject to foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and valuation risk to a greater extent than similar investments currently denominated in euros. See Principal Risks of the Fund Currency Risk, Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk and Principal Risks of the FundValuation Risk. To the extent a currency used for redenomination purposes is not specified in respect of certain EMU-related investments, or should the euro cease to be used entirely, the currency in which such investments are denominated may be unclear, making such
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
investments particularly difficult to value or dispose of. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek judicial or other clarification of the denomination or value of such securities. There can be no assurance that if the Fund earns income or capital gains in a non-U.S. country or PIMCO otherwise seeks to withdraw the Funds investments from a given country, capital controls imposed by such country will not prevent, or cause significant expense in doing so.
U.S. Government Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in debt securities issued or guaranteed by agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government. Some U.S. Government securities, such as U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and mortgage-related securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or corporation. Although legislation has been enacted to support certain government sponsored entities, including the FHLBs, FHLMC and FNMA, there is no assurance that the obligations of such entities will be satisfied in full, or that such obligations will not decrease in value or default. It is difficult, if not impossible, to predict the future political, regulatory or economic changes that could impact the government sponsored entities and the values of their related securities or obligations. In addition, certain governmental entities, including FNMA and FHLMC, have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability or investment character of securities issued by these entities. See Investment Objectives and PoliciesMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in the Statement of Additional Information. U.S. Government debt securities generally involve lower levels of credit risk than other types of debt securities of similar maturities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. Government debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from such other securities. Like other debt securities, the values of U.S. Government securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Fluctuations in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income on existing portfolio securities but will be reflected in the Funds NAV.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Government Securities Risk
The Funds investments in debt obligations of foreign (non-U.S.) governments or their sub-divisions, agencies and government sponsored enterprises and obligations of international agencies and supranational entities (together Foreign Government Securities) can involve a high degree of risk. The foreign governmental entity that controls the repayment of debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entitys willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entitys policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. In the event of a default by a governmental entity, there may be few or no effective legal remedies for collecting on such debt. These risks are particularly severe with respect to the Funds investments in Foreign Government Securities of emerging market countries. See Principal Risks of the FundEmerging Markets Risk. Also, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth, and which may in turn diminish the value of the Funds holdings in emerging market Foreign Government Securities and the currencies in which they are denominated and/or pay revenues.
Convertible Securities Risk
Convertible securities are fixed income securities, preferred securities or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock of the issuer (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at either a stated price or a stated rate. The market values of convertible securities may decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, may increase as interest rates decline. A convertible securitys market value, however, tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than the convertible securitys conversion price. The conversion price is defined as the predetermined price at which the convertible security could be exchanged for the associated stock. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be influenced more by the yield of the convertible security. Thus, it may not decline in price to the same extent as the underlying common stock. In the event of a liquidation of the issuing company, holders of convertible securities may be paid before the companys common stockholders but after holders of any senior debt obligations of the company. Consequently, the issuers convertible securities generally entail less risk than its common stock but more risk than its debt obligations. Convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or not rated because they fall below debt obligations and just above common equity in order of preference or priority on the issuers balance sheet. See Principal Risks of the FundHigh Yield Securities Risk.
Synthetic Convertible Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (income-producing component) and the right to acquire an equity security (convertible component). The values of synthetic convertible securities will respond differently to market fluctuations than a traditional convertible security because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities or instruments, each with its own market value. Synthetic convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with derivatives. See Principal Risks of the FundDerivatives Risk. In addition, if the value of the underlying common stock or the level of the index involved in the convertible element falls below the strike price of the warrant or option, the warrant or option may lose all value.
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Base Prospectus
Contingent Convertible Securities Risk
The risks of investing in contingent convertible securities (CoCos) include, without limitation, the risk that interest payments will be cancelled by the issuer or a regulatory authority, the risk of ranking junior to other creditors in the event of a liquidation or other bankruptcy-related event as a result of holding subordinated debt, the risk of the Funds investment becoming further subordinated as a result of conversion from debt to equity, the risk that the principal amount due can be written down to a lesser amount, and the general risks applicable to fixed income investments, including interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk, any of which could result in losses to the Fund. CoCos may experience a loss absorption mechanism trigger event, which would likely be the result of, or related to, the deterioration of the issuers financial condition (e.g., a decrease in the issuers capital ratio) and status as a going concern. In such a case, with respect to contingent convertible securities that provide for conversion into common stock upon the occurrence of the trigger event, the market price of the issuers common stock received by the Fund will have likely declined, perhaps substantially, and may continue to decline, which may adversely affect the Funds net asset value.
Valuation Risk
When market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be unreliable, the Fund values its investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board. See Net Asset Value. Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a security or other asset. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value pricing will result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets, or that fair value pricing will reflect actual market value, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices, from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security or other asset.
Leverage Risk
The Funds use of leverage (as described under Use of Leverage in the body of this prospectus) creates the opportunity for increased Common Share net income, but also creates special risks for Common Shareholders. To the extent used, there is no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategies will be successful. Leverage is a speculative technique that may expose the Fund to greater risk and increased costs. The net proceeds that the Fund obtains from its use of reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls and/or borrowings (as well as from any future issuance of preferred shares) will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. Interest or other expenses payable by the Fund with respect to its reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls and borrowings for dividends payable with respect to any outstanding preferred shares will generally be based on shorter-term interest rates that would be periodically reset. If shorter-term interest rates rise relative to the rate of return on the Funds portfolio, the interest and other costs to the Fund of leverage (including interest expenses on reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings and the dividend rate on any outstanding preferred shares) could exceed the rate of return on the debt obligations and other investments held by the Fund, thereby reducing return to Common Shareholders. In addition, fees and expenses of any form of leverage used by the Fund will be borne entirely by the Common Shareholders (and not by preferred shareholders, if any) and will reduce the investment return of the Common Shares. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the Funds use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the Common Shares, and it may result in losses. In addition, any preferred shares issued by the Fund are expected to pay cumulative dividends, which may tend to increase leverage risk.
Leverage creates several major types of risks for Common Shareholders, including:
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the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of the Common Shares, and of the investment return to Common Shareholders, than a comparable portfolio without leverage;
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the possibility either that the Common Share dividends will fall if the interest and other costs of leverage rise, or that dividends paid on Common Shares will fluctuate because such costs vary over time; and
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the effects of leverage in a declining market or a rising interest rate environment, as leverage is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Common Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged and may result in a greater decline the market value of the Common Shares.
In addition, the counterparties to the Funds leveraging transactions and any preferred shareholders of the Fund will have priority of payment over the Funds Common Shareholders.
The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls to obtain leverage also involves special risks. For instance, the market value of the securities that the Fund is obligated to repurchase under a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll may decline below the repurchase price. See The Funds Investment Objectives and PoliciesPortfolio Contents and Other InformationReverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls.
In addition to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or borrowings (or a future issuance of preferred shares), the Fund may engage in other transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions). The Funds use of such transactions gives rise to associated leverage risks described above, and may adversely affect the Funds income, distributions and total returns to Common Shareholders. The Fund manages some of its derivative positions by segregating an amount of cash or liquid securities equal to the notional value or the market value, as applicable, of those positions. See Principal Risks of the FundSegregation and Coverage Risk. The Fund may also offset derivatives positions against one another or against other assets to manage effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. To the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it is leveraged through use of these derivative strategies. See Use of Leverage.
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Because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the average daily total managed assets of the Fund (including assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings) or to issue preferred shares, which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Shareholders, on the other hand.
Segregation and Coverage Risk
Certain portfolio management techniques, such as, among other things, using reverse repurchase agreements or dollar rolls, purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, entering into swap agreements, futures contracts or other derivative transactions, or engaging in short sales, may be considered senior securities unless steps are taken to segregate the Funds assets or otherwise cover its obligations. To avoid having these instruments considered senior securities, the Fund may segregate liquid assets with a value equal (on a daily mark-to-market basis) to its obligations under these types of leveraged transactions, enter into offsetting transactions or otherwise cover such transactions. See Use of Leverage in this prospectus. The Fund may be unable to use such segregated assets for certain other purposes, which could result in the Fund earning a lower return on its portfolio than it might otherwise earn if it did not have to segregate those assets in respect of, or otherwise cover such portfolio positions. To the extent the Funds assets are segregated or committed as cover, it could limit the Funds investment flexibility. Segregating assets and covering positions will not limit or offset losses on related positions.
Derivatives Risk
The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize a variety of derivative instruments (both long and short positions) for investment or risk management purposes, as well as to leverage its portfolio. The Fund may use derivatives to gain exposure to securities markets in which it may invest (e.g., pending investment of the proceeds of this offering in individual securities, as well as on an ongoing basis). The Fund may also use derivatives to add leverage to its portfolio. See Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage Risk. Derivatives transactions that the Fund may utilize include, but are not limited to, purchases or sales of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements. The Fund may also have exposure to derivatives, such as interest rate or credit default swaps, through investment in credit-linked trust certificates and other securities issued by special purpose or structured vehicles. The Funds use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this prospectus, such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, issuer risk, credit risk, leveraging risk, counterparty risk and management risk. See also Principal Risks of the FundSegregation and Coverage Risk. They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, the risk of unfavorable or ambiguous documentation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. The Funds use of derivatives also may affect the amount, timing or character of distributions to, and taxes payable by, Common Shareholders. See Tax Matters. Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative transactions are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for OTC derivatives transactions. For derivatives traded on an exchange or through a central counterparty, credit risk resides with the creditworthiness of the Funds clearing broker, or the clearinghouse itself, rather than with a counterparty in an OTC derivative transaction.
The regulation of the derivatives markets has increased over the past several years, and additional future regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability or reduce the liquidity of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.
Credit Default Swaps Risk
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller (if any), coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. When the Fund acts as a seller of a credit default swap, it is exposed to many of the same risks of leverage described herein since if an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk.
The market for credit default swaps has become more volatile in recent years as the creditworthiness of certain counterparties has been questioned and/or downgraded. The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the credit default swap contract (whether a clearing corporation in the case of a cleared credit default swap or another third party in the case of an uncleared credit default swap). If a counterpartys credit becomes significantly impaired, multiple requests for collateral posting in a short period of time could increase the risk that the Fund may not receive adequate collateral.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts and other instruments entered into by the Fund or held by special purpose or structured vehicles in which the Fund invests. In the event that the Fund enters into a derivative transaction with a counterparty that subsequently becomes insolvent or becomes the subject of a bankruptcy case, the derivative transaction may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Funds ability to realize its rights under the derivative instrument and its ability to distribute the proceeds could be adversely affected. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to
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Base Prospectus
perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery (including recovery of any collateral it has provided to the counterparty) in a dissolution, assignment for the benefit of creditors, liquidation, winding-up, bankruptcy, or other analogous proceeding. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative transaction would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative transaction and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to any underlying security or asset. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances.
Equity Securities and Related Market Risk
Subject to the Funds investment policies, the Fund may hold common stocks and other equity securities from time to time, including without limit those it has received through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund or in connection with the restructuring of a debt security. The market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. See Principal Risks of the FundIssuer Risk. The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than bonds and other debt securities. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. Credit ratings downgrades may also negatively affect securities held by the Fund. Even when markets perform well, there is no assurance that the investments held by the Fund will increase in value along with the broader market.
Preferred Securities Risk
In addition to equity securities risk (see Principal Risks of the FundEquity Securities and Related Market Risk), credit risk (see Principal Risks of the FundCredit Risk) and possibly high yield risk (see Principal Risks of the FundHigh Yield Securities Risk), investment in preferred securities involves certain other risks. Certain preferred securities contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distribution, the Fund may be required to include the amount of the deferred distribution in its taxable income for tax purposes although it does not currently receive such amount in cash. In order to receive the special treatment accorded to regulated investment companies and their shareholders under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and to avoid U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to distribute this income to shareholders in the tax year in which the income is recognized (without a corresponding receipt of cash). Therefore, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution in any such tax year an amount greater than the total amount of cash income the Fund actually received, and to sell portfolio securities, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, to obtain cash needed for these income distributions. Preferred securities often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuers call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuers capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred securities may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities and U.S. Government securities.
Private Placements Risk
A private placement involves the sale of securities that have not been registered under the 1933 Act, or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, to certain institutional and qualified individual purchasers, such as the Fund. In addition to the general risks to which all securities are subject, securities received in a private placement generally are subject to strict restrictions on resale, and there may be no liquid secondary market or ready purchaser for such securities. See Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk. Therefore, the Fund may be unable to dispose of such securities when it desires to do so, or at the most favorable time or price. Private placements may also raise valuation risks. See Principal Risks of the FundValuation Risk.
Confidential Information Access Risk
In managing the Fund, PIMCO may from time to time have the opportunity to receive material, non-public information (Confidential Information) about the issuers of certain investments, including, without limit, senior floating rate loans, other loans and related investments being considered for acquisition by the Fund or held in the Funds portfolio. Pursuant to applicable policies and procedures, PIMCO may (but is not required to) seek to avoid receipt of Confidential Information about such issuers so as to avoid possible restrictions on its ability to purchase and sell investments on behalf of the Fund and other clients to which such Confidential Information relates. In such circumstances, the Fund (and other PIMCO clients) may be disadvantaged in comparison to other investors, including with respect to the price the Fund pays or receives when it buys or sells an investment. Further, PIMCOs and the Funds abilities to assess the desirability of proposed consents, waivers or amendments with respect to certain investments may be compromised if they are not privy to available Confidential Information. PIMCO may also determine to receive such Confidential Information in certain circumstances under its applicable policies and procedures. If PIMCO intentionally or unintentionally comes into possession of Confidential Information, it may be unable, potentially for a substantial period of time, to purchase or sell investments to which such Confidential Information relates.
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Inflation/Deflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Funds investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of payments at future dates. As inflation increases, the real value of the Funds portfolio could decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Funds portfolio and Common Shares.
Risk of Regulatory Changes
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect the Fund and its ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New (or revised) laws or regulations may be imposed by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the SEC, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, these agencies are implementing a variety of new rules pursuant to financial reform legislation in the United States. The EU (and some other countries) are implementing similar requirements. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.
In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized under these statutes, regulations and otherwise to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The Fund and the Investment Manager have historically been eligible for exemptions from certain regulations. However, there is no assurance that the Fund and the Investment Manager will continue to be eligible for such exemptions.
Current rules related to asset backed securities may increase the cost to originators, securitizers and, in certain cases, asset managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest. The impact of the risk retention rules on the securitization markets is uncertain. These requirements may increase the costs to originators, securitizers, and, in certain cases, collateral managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest, which costs could be passed along to such Fund as an investor in such vehicles.
Regulatory Risk - London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
The Fund may invest in certain instruments including, but not limited to, repurchase agreements, collateralized loan obligations and mortgage-backed securities, that rely in some fashion upon LIBOR. LIBOR is an average interest rate, determined by the ICE Benchmark Administration, that banks charge one another for the use of short-term money. The United Kingdoms Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, has announced plans to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR and measures the cost of overnight borrowings through repurchase agreement transactions collateralized with U.S. Treasury securities). Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain, and they may vary depending on factors that include, but are not limited to: (i) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (ii) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. For example, certain of the Funds investments may involve individual contracts that have no existing fallback provision or language that contemplates the discontinuation of LIBOR, and those investments could experience increased volatility or illiquidity as a result of the transition process. In addition, interest rate provisions included in such contracts may need to be renegotiated in contemplation of the transition away from LIBOR. The transition may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund, including those described in this paragraph, or a reduction in the effectiveness of related Fund transactions such as hedges. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Fund.
Regulatory Risk Commodity Pool Operator
The CFTC has adopted regulations that subject registered investment companies and their investment advisers to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in futures, options on futures or commodities, swaps, or other financial instruments regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and the rules thereunder (commodity interests), or if the Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. The Investment Manager is registered as a commodity pool operator (CPO) under the CEA, however, with respect to the Fund, the Investment Manager has claimed an exclusion from registration as a CPO pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5. For the Investment Manager to remain eligible for this exclusion, the Fund must comply with certain limitations, including limits on its ability to use any commodity interests and limits on the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of such commodity interests. These limitations may restrict the Funds ability to pursue its investment objectives and strategies, increase the costs of implementing its strategies, result in higher expenses for the Fund, and/or adversely affect the Funds total return. Further, in the event the Investment Manager becomes unable to rely on the exclusion in CFTC Rule 4.5 with respect to the Fund and is required to register as a CPO with respect to the Fund, the Investment Manager will be subject to additional regulation and its expenses may increase.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell at the time that the Fund would like or at the price that the Fund believes such investments are currently worth. Illiquid investments may become harder to value, especially in changing markets. The Funds investments in illiquid investments may reduce the returns of the Fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid investments at an advantageous time or price or possibly require the Fund to dispose of other
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Base Prospectus
investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations, which could prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Additionally, the market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. To the extent that the Funds principal investment strategies involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign (non-U.S.) securities, Rule 144A securities, Regulation S securities, senior loans, illiquid sectors of fixed income securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/ or credit risk, the Fund will tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Further, fixed income securities with longer durations until maturity face heightened levels of liquidity risk as compared to fixed income securities with shorter durations until maturity. It may also be the case that other market participants may be attempting to liquidate fixed income holdings at the same time as the Fund, causing increased supply in the market and contributing to liquidity risk and downward pricing pressure. See Principal Risks of the FundValuation Risk.
The Alt Lending ABS in which the Fund invests are typically not listed on any securities exchange and not registered under the 1933 Act. In addition, the Fund anticipates that these instruments may only be sold to a limited number of investors and may have a limited or non-existent secondary market. Accordingly, the Fund currently expects that certain of its investments in Alt Lending ABS will face heightened levels of liquidity risk. Although currently, there is generally no active reliable, secondary market for certain Alt Lending ABS, a secondary market for these alternative lending-related instruments may develop.
Tax Risk
The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such, so that it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net investment income or net short-term or long-term capital gains, that are distributed (or deemed distributed, as described below) to shareholders. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must meet certain asset diversification tests and at least 90% of its gross income for such year must consist of certain types of qualifying income. Foreign currency gains will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement. However, the U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations in the future that could treat some or all of the Funds foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby jeopardizing the Funds status as a regulated investment company for all years to which the regulations are applicable. Income derived from some commodity-linked derivatives is not qualifying income, and the treatment of income from some other commodity-linked derivatives is uncertain, for purposes of the 90% gross income test. If for any taxable year the Fund were to fail to meet the income or diversification test described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax and, in the case of a diversification test failure, disposing of certain assets.
If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company under the Code, and were ineligible to or did not otherwise cure such failure, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates and, when such income is distributed, shareholders would be subject to a further tax to the extent of the Funds current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The wars with Iraq and Afghanistan and similar conflicts and geopolitical developments, their aftermath and substantial military presence in Afghanistan, along with instability in North Korea, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine, Yemen and the Middle East, possible terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, growing social and political discord in the United States, the European debt crisis, the response of the international communitythrough economic sanctions and otherwiseto Russias recent annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine and posture vis-a-vis Ukraine, further downgrade of U.S. Government securities, the outbreak of infectious diseases such as Ebola and other similar events may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The potential costs of rebuilding infrastructure cannot be predicted with any certainty. Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 closed some of the U.S. securities markets for a four-day period and similar future events cannot be ruled out. The war and occupation, terrorism and related geopolitical risks have led, and may in the future lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, such as the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in early 2011, and systemic market dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008, if repeated, could be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could have an acute effect on individual issuers or related groups of issuers. These risks also could adversely affect individual issuers and securities markets, interest rates, secondary trading, ratings, credit risk, inflation, deflation and other factors relating to the Funds investments and the market value and NAV of the Funds Common Shares.
Subsidiary Risk
By investing through its Subsidiaries, the Fund is exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiaries investments. The Subsidiaries are not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act and are not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act, although each Subsidiary is managed pursuant to the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund applicable to it. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the jurisdiction in which a Subsidiary is organized could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and could adversely affect the Fund.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
The Investment Manager manages the Fund without regard generally to restrictions on portfolio turnover. Trading in fixed income securities does not generally involve the payment of brokerage commissions, but does involve indirect transaction costs. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
reinvestments in other securities. The higher the rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund, the higher these transaction costs borne by the Fund generally will be. Such sales may result in realization of taxable capital gains (including short-term capital gains, which are generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates when distributed net of short-term capital losses and net long-term capital losses), and may adversely affect the Funds after-tax returns. See Tax Matters.
Operational Risk
An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.
Cyber Security Risk
As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund has become potentially more susceptible to operational and informational security risks resulting from breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional cyber events that may, among other things, cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, and/or destruction, lose operational capacity, result in the unauthorized release or other misuse of confidential information, or otherwise disrupt normal business operations.
Cyber security failures or breaches may result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. These failures or breaches may also result in disruptions to business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Funds ability to calculate its NAV, process shareholder transactions or otherwise transact business with shareholders; impediments to trading; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines; penalties; reputational damage; reimbursement or other compensation costs; additional compliance costs and cyber security risk management costs and other adverse consequences. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in an attempt to prevent any cyber incidents in the future.
There is also a risk that cyber security breaches may not be detected. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Potential Conflicts of Interest RiskAllocation of Investment Opportunities
The Investment Manager is involved worldwide with a broad spectrum of financial services and asset management activities and may engage in the ordinary course of business in activities in which its interests or the interests of its clients may conflict with those of the Fund. The Investment Manager may provide investment management services to other funds and discretionary managed accounts that follow an investment program similar to that of the Fund. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Investment Manager intends to engage in such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for its services. The results of the Funds investment activities may differ from those of the Funds affiliates, or another account managed by the Funds affiliates, and it is possible that the Fund could sustain losses during periods in which one or more of the Funds affiliates and/or other accounts managed by the Investment Manager or its affiliates, including proprietary accounts, achieve profits on their trading.
Repurchase Agreements Risk
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, in which the Fund purchases a security from a bank or broker-dealer, which agrees to repurchase the security at the Funds cost plus interest within a specified time. If the party agreeing to repurchase should default, the Fund will seek to sell the securities which it holds. This could involve procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and which may not be terminated within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the agreements are considered illiquid investments. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund.
Structured Investments Risk
The Fund may invest in structured products, including, structured notes, credit-linked notes and other types of structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk. The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indexes and securities underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) are generally influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. Structured products generally entail risks associated with derivative instruments. See Principal Risks of the FundDerivatives Risk.
Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk
The Fund may invest in CLOs. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans issued by banks, corporations or any other public or private entity or person, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate or mezzanine loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CLOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. The cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche which generally bears losses in connection with the first defaults, if any, on the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to provide some measure of protection to the other, more senior tranches from defaults. A senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults and aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of an investment in a CLO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CLO in which the Fund invests. Normally,
20 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
CLOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid investments; however, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs allowing a CLO to qualify under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CLOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from the collateral will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the risk that the Fund may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or others and may produce unexpected investment results.
Rule 144A Securities Risk
Rule 144A permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the Fund, to trade in privately placed securities that have not been registered for sale under the 1933 Act.
Certain Affiliations
Certain broker-dealers may be considered to be affiliated persons of the Fund and/or the Investment Manager due to their possible affiliations with Allianz SE, the ultimate parent of the Investment Manager. Absent an exemption from the SEC or other regulatory relief, the Fund is generally precluded from effecting certain principal transactions with affiliated brokers, and its ability to purchase securities being underwritten by an affiliated broker or a syndicate including an affiliated broker, or to utilize affiliated brokers for agency transactions, is subject to restrictions. This could limit the Funds ability to engage in securities transactions and take advantage of market opportunities.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The Funds Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the Declaration) includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. See Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust. These provisions in the Declaration could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then-current market price of the Common Shares or at NAV.
Fund Distribution Rates
Although the Fund may seek to maintain level distributions, the Funds distribution rates may be affected by numerous factors, including but not limited to changes in realized and projected market returns, fluctuations in market interest rates, Fund performance, and other factors. There can be no assurance that a change in market conditions or other factors will not result in a change in the Funds distribution rate or that the rate will be sustainable in the future.
For instance, during periods of low or declining interest rates, the Funds distributable income and dividend levels may decline for many reasons. For example, the Fund may have to deploy uninvested assets (whether from purchases of Fund shares, proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations or other sources) in new, lower yielding instruments. Additionally, payments from certain instruments that may be held by the Fund (such as variable and floating rate securities) may be negatively impacted by declining interest rates, which may also lead to a decline in the Funds distributable income and dividend levels.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 21 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
The following table is intended to assist investors in understanding the fees and expenses (annualized) that an investor in Common Shares of the Fund would bear, directly or indirectly, as a result of an offering. The table reflects the use of leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements in an amount equal to 45.55% of the Funds total managed assets (including assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements), which reflects approximately the percentage of the Funds total managed assets attributable to such leverage as of June 30, 2019, and shows Fund expenses as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares. The percentage above does not reflect the Funds use of other forms of economic leverage, such as credit default swaps or other derivative instruments. The table and example below are based on the Funds capital structure as of June 30, 2019. The extent of the Funds assets attributable to leverage following an offering, and the Funds associated expenses, are likely to vary (perhaps significantly) from these assumptions.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
Sales load (as a percentage of offering price)(1) |
[--]% | |
Offering Expenses Borne by Common Shareholders (as a percentage of offering price)(2) |
[--]% | |
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(3) |
None |
1 In the event that the Common Shares to which this prospectus relates are sold to or through underwriters or dealer managers, a corresponding prospectus supplement will disclose the applicable sales load and/or commission.
2 The related prospectus supplement will disclose the estimated amount of offering expenses, the offering price and the offering expenses borne by the Fund and indirectly by all of its Common Shareholders as a percentage of the offering price.
3 You will pay brokerage charges if you direct your broker or the plan agent to sell your Common Shares that you acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan. You may also pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection with open-market purchases pursuant to the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
Annual Expenses
Percentage of
Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares (reflecting leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements) |
||
Management Fees(1) |
2.10% | |
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds(2) |
2.51% | |
Other Expenses(3) |
0.02% | |
Total Annual Expenses |
4.63% |
1 Management Fees include fees payable to the Investment Manager for advisory services and for supervisory, administrative and other services. The Fund pays for the advisory, supervisory and administrative services it requires under what is essentially an all-in fee structure (the unified management fee). Pursuant to an investment management agreement, PIMCO is paid a Management Fee of 1.15% of the Funds average daily total managed assets. The Fund (and not PIMCO) will be responsible for certain fees and expenses, which are reflected in the table above, that are not covered by the unified management fee under the investment management agreement. Please see Management of the Fund Investment Management Agreement for an explanation of the unified management fee and definition of total managed assets.
2 Reflects the Funds use of leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2019, which represented 45.55% of the Funds total managed assets (including assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements) as of that date, at an annual interest rate cost to the Fund of 2.94%, which is based on market conditions as of June 30, 2019. See Use of LeverageEffects of Leverage. The actual amount of interest expense borne by the Fund will vary over time in accordance with the level of the Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or borrowings and variations in market interest rates. Borrowing expense is required to be treated as an expense of the Fund for accounting purposes. Any associated income or gains (or losses) realized from leverage obtained through such instruments is not reflected in the Annual Expenses table above, but would be reflected in the Funds performance results.
3 Other expenses are estimated for the Funds current fiscal year ending June 30, 2020.
Example
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Common Shares of the Fund, assuming (1) that the Funds net assets do not increase or decrease, (2) that the Fund incurs total annual expenses of 4.63% of net assets attributable to Common Shares in years 1 through 10 (assuming assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements representing 45.55% of the Funds total managed assets) and (3) a 5% annual return(1):
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | 46 | $ | 140 | $ | 234 | $ | 472 |
(1) The example above should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be higher or lower than those shown. The example assumes that the estimated Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds and Other Expenses set forth in the Annual Expenses table are accurate, that the rate listed under Total Annual Expenses remains the same each year and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% annual return shown in the example. The example does not include commissions or estimated offering expenses, which would cause the expenses shown in the example to increase. In connection with an offering of Common Shares, the prospectus supplement will set forth an example including sales load and estimated offering costs.
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund | Prospectus | 22 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
The information in the table below for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, June 30, 2018, June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, the period ended June 30, 2015,(1)and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 is derived from the Funds financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), whose report on such financial statements is contained in the Funds June 30, 2019 Annual Report and is incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional Information.
1 On December 16, 2014, the Board approved a change of the Funds fiscal year end from December 31 to June 30. Information is provided for the stub period from January 1, 2015 through the Funds new fiscal year end of June 30, 2015.
Investment Operations |
Less Distributions(b) | Common Share | Ratios/Supplemental Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected
Per Share Data for the Year or Period Ended^: |
Net
Asset Value Beginning of Year or Period |
Net Investment
Income(Loss)(a) |
Net
Realized/ Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
Total |
From Net
Investment Income |
From
Net Realized Capital Gains |
Tax
Basis Return of Capital |
Total |
Increase
Resulting from At- the- market Offering |
Offering
Cost Charged to Paid In Capital |
Net
Asset Value End of Year or Period |
Market
Price End of Year or Period |
Total
Investment Return(c) |
Net Assets
Applicable to Common Shareholders (000s) |
Expenses(d) |
Expenses
Excluding Waivers(d) |
Expenses
Expenses(d) |
Expenses
Excluding Interest Expense and Waivers(d) |
Net
Investment Income (Loss) |
Portfolio
Turnover Rate |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PIMCO
Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (Consolidated) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
06/30/2019 |
$ | 23.74 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 2.16 | $ | (2.32 | ) | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.00 | $ | (2.32 | ) | $ | N/A | $ | N/A | $ | 23.58 | $ | 23.89 | 12.21 | % | $ | 3,244,970 | 4.63 | % | 4.63 | % | 2.11 | % | 2.11 | % | 8.11 | % | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
06/30/2018 |
22.91 | 1.95 | 0.85 | 2.80 | (1.97 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (1.97 | ) |
|
N/
A |
|
N/A | 23.74 | 23.57 | 15.03 | 3,257,195 | 4.20 | 4.20 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 8.30 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
06/30/2017 |
20.43 | 1.62 | 3.46 | 5.08 | (2.60 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (2.60 | ) |
|
N/
A |
|
N/A | 22.91 | 22.32 | 32.10 | 3,144,154 | 3.80 | 3.80 | 2.09 | 2.09 | 7.41 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
06/30/2016 |
23.00 | 2.01 | (2.40 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (2.18 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (2.18 | ) |
|
N/
A |
|
N/A | 20.43 | 19.13 | 6.69 | 2,804,003 | 3.20 | 3.20 | 2.03 | 2.03 | 9.63 | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
01/01/2015 - 06/30/2015(e) |
22.83 | 0.76 | 0.35 | 1.11 | (0.94 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.94 | )(f) |
|
N/
A |
|
N/A | 23.00 | 20.18 | 2.23 | 3,155,689 | 2.63 | * | 2.63 | * | 1.97 | * | 1.97 | * | 6.71 | * | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12/31/2014 |
24.04 | 1.79 | (0.53 | ) | 1.26 | (2.47 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (2.47 | ) |
|
N/
A |
|
(0.00 | ) | 22.83 | 20.65 | 2.68 | 3,132,146 | 2.36 | 2.36 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 7.29 | 35 |
^ |
A zero balance may reflect actual amounts rounding to less than $0.01 or 0.01%. |
* |
Annualized |
(a) |
Per share amounts based on average number of common shares outstanding during the year or period. |
(b) |
The tax characterization of distributions is determined in accordance with Federal income tax regulations. See Note 2, Distributions - Common Shares, in the Notes to Financial Statements for more information. |
(c) |
Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of a common share at the market price on the first day and a sale of a common share at the market price on the last day of each year or period reported. Dividends and distributions, if any, are assumed, for purposes of this calculation, to be reinvested at prices obtained under the Funds dividend reinvestment plan. Total investment return does not reflect brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase or sale of Fund shares. |
(d) |
Ratio includes interest expense primarily relates to participation in borrowing and financing transactions. See Note 5 in the Notes to Financial Statements for more information. |
(e) |
Fiscal year end changed from December 31st to June 30th. |
(f) |
Total distributions for the period ended June 30, 2015 may be lower than prior fiscal years due to fiscal year end changes resulting in a reduction of the amount of days in the period ended June 30, 2015. |
23-24 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
The net proceeds of an offering will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as set forth below. It is currently anticipated that the Fund will be able to invest substantially all of the net proceeds of an offering in accordance with its investment objectives and policies within approximately 30 days of receipt by the Fund, depending on the amount and timing of proceeds available to the Fund as well as the availability of investments consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies, and except to the extent proceeds are held in cash to pay dividends or expenses, or for temporary defensive purposes. Pending such investment, it is anticipated that the proceeds of an offering will be invested in high grade, short-term securities, credit linked trust certificates, and/or high yield securities index future contracts or similar derivative instruments designed to give the Fund exposure to the securities and markets in which it intends to invest while the Investment manager selects specific investments.
The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on September 27, 2012, pursuant to an Agreement and Declaration of Trust governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Fund commenced operations on January 31, 2013, following the initial public offering of its Common Shares.
Investment Objectives and Policies
When used in this prospectus, the term invest includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly by investing in derivatives or through its wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiaries. The Fund may be exposed to the different types of investments described below through its investments in its Subsidiaries. The allocation of the Funds portfolio in a Subsidiary will vary over time and might not always include all of the different types of investments described herein.
The Fund seeks current income as a primary objective and capital appreciation as a secondary objective. The Fund will seek to achieve its investment objectives by utilizing a dynamic asset allocation strategy among multiple fixed income sectors in the global credit markets, including corporate debt (including, among other things, fixed-, variable- and floating-rate bonds, bank loans, convertible securities and stressed debt securities issued by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) corporations or other business entities, including emerging market issuers), mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, government and sovereign debt, taxable municipal bonds and other fixed-, variable- and floating-rate income-producing securities of U.S. and foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest in investment grade debt securities and below investment grade debt securities (commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds), including securities of stressed and distressed issuers. The types of securities and instruments in which the Fund may invest are summarized under Portfolio Contents below. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives, and you could lose all of your investment in the Fund.
The Fund cannot change its investment objectives without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A majority of the outstanding shares (whether voting together as a single class or voting as a separate class) means (i) 67% or more of such shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of those shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of such shares, whichever is less.
Portfolio Management Strategies
Dynamic Allocation Strategy. On behalf of the Fund, the Funds investment manager, Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO or the Investment Manager), employs an active approach to allocation among multiple fixed income sectors based on, among other things, market conditions, valuation assessments, economic outlook, credit market trends and other economic factors. With PIMCOs macroeconomic analysis as the basis for top-down investment decisions, including geographic and credit sector emphasis, the Fund focuses on seeking the best income generating investment ideas across multiple fixed income sectors, with an emphasis on seeking opportunities in developed and emerging global credit markets. PIMCO may choose to focus on particular countries/regions (e.g., U.S. vs. foreign), asset classes, industries and sectors to the exclusion of others at any time and from time to time based on market conditions and other factors. The relative value assessment within fixed income sectors draws on PIMCOs regional and sector specialist expertise. As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund will normally invest at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities. The Fund will observe other investment guidelines as summarized below.
Investment Selection Strategies. Once the Funds top-down, portfolio positioning decisions have been made as described above, PIMCO selects particular investments for the Fund by employing a bottom-up, disciplined credit approach which is driven by fundamental, independent research within each sector/asset class represented in the Fund, with a focus on identifying securities and other instruments with solid and/or improving fundamentals.
PIMCO utilizes strategies that focus on credit quality analysis, duration management and other risk management techniques. PIMCO attempts to identify, through fundamental research driven by independent credit analysis and proprietary analytical tools, debt obligations and other income-producing securities that provide current income and/or opportunities for capital appreciation based on its analysis of the issuers credit characteristics and the position of the security in the issuers capital structure.
Consideration of yield is only one component of the portfolio managers approach in managing the Fund. PIMCO also attempts to identify investments that may appreciate in value based on PIMCOs assessment of the issuers credit characteristics, forecast for interest rates and outlook for particular countries/regions, currencies, industries, sectors and the global economy and bond markets generally.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 25 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Credit Quality. The Fund may invest without limit in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moodys or below BBB- by either S&P or Fitch), or unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. However, the Fund will not normally invest more than 20% of its total assets in debt instruments, other than mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, that are, at the time of purchase, rated CCC+ or lower by S&P and Fitch and Caa1 or lower by Moodys, or that are unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality to securities so rated. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities regardless of rating (i.e., of any credit quality). For purposes of applying the foregoing policy, in the case of securities with split ratings (i.e., a security receiving two different ratings from two different rating agencies), the Fund will apply the higher of the applicable ratings. The Fund may invest in securities of stressed issuers, which include securities at risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moodys or CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. Debt instruments of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. Debt instruments in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics. The Fund may, for hedging, investment or leveraging purposes, make use of credit default swaps, which are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation in the event of a default or other credit event by the issuer of the debt obligation.
Independent Credit Analysis. PIMCO relies primarily on its own analysis of the credit quality and risks associated with individual debt instruments considered for the Fund, rather than relying exclusively on rating agencies or third-party research. The Funds portfolio managers utilize this information in an attempt to minimize credit risk and to identify issuers, industries or sectors that are undervalued or that offer attractive yields relative to PIMCOs assessment of their credit characteristics. This aspect of PIMCOs capabilities will be particularly important to the extent that the Fund invests in high yield securities and in securities of emerging market issuers.
Duration Management. It is expected that the Fund normally will have a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to eight (0 to 8) year range), as calculated by PIMCO, although it may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. While the Fund seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Fund may invest. PIMCO believes that maintaining duration within this range offers flexibility and the opportunity for above-average returns while potentially limiting exposure to interest rate volatility and related risk. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates. The Funds duration strategy may entail maintaining a negative average portfolio duration from time to time, which would potentially benefit the portfolio in an environment of rising market interest rates, but would generally adversely impact the portfolio in an environment of falling or neutral market interest rates. PIMCO may also utilize certain strategies, including without limit investments in structured notes or interest rate futures contracts or swap, cap, floor or collar transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Funds portfolio, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that such strategies will be successful.
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of mortgage-related securities and other debt instruments of varying maturities (the 80% policy). For purposes of the 80% policy, mortgage-related securities may include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, CMOs, commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, SMBSs and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property.
For purposes of the 80% policy, other debt instruments may include, without limitation, bonds, debentures, notes, and other debt securities of U.S. and foreign (non-U.S.) corporate and other issuers, including commercial paper; asset-backed securities issued on a public or private basis; U.S. Government securities; obligations of foreign governments or their sub-divisions, agencies and government sponsored enterprises and obligations of international agencies and supranational entities; municipal securities and other debt securities issued by states or local governments and their agencies, authorities and other government-sponsored enterprises, including taxable municipal securities (such as Build America Bonds); payment-in-kind securities; zero-coupon bonds; inflation-indexed bonds issued by both governments and corporations; structured notes, including hybrid or indexed securities; catastrophe bonds and other event-linked bonds; credit-linked notes; structured credit products; bank loans (including, among others, senior loans, delayed funding loans, revolving credit facilities and loan participations and assignments); preferred securities; convertible debt securities (i.e., debt securities that may be converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of common stock), including synthetic convertible debt securities (i.e., instruments created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, such as an income-producing security and the right to acquire an equity security and contingent convertible securities); and bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits and bankers acceptances. The rate of interest on an income-producing security may be fixed, floating or variable. At any given time and from time to time substantially all of the Funds portfolio may consist of below investment grade securities. The Fund may invest in debt securities of stressed issuers. The Funds investments in derivatives and other synthetic instruments that have economic characteristics similar to mortgage-related securities or other debt instruments will be counted toward satisfaction of this 80% policy.
The Fund may invest without limit in securities of U.S. issuers and without limit in securities of foreign (non-U.S.) issuers, securities traded principally
26 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
outside of the United States, and securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Fund may invest without limit in investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity (short-term investment grade sovereign debt), including short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries (this limitation does not apply to investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity). As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund normally invests at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities.
The Fund may utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) involving the purchase or sale of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements and other derivative instruments for investment purposes, leveraging purposes or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio. The Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis and may engage in short sales. For purposes of the Funds 80% policy, the Fund values its derivative instruments based on their market value.
The Fund will not normally invest directly in common stocks of operating companies. However, the Fund may own and hold common stocks in its portfolio from time to time in connection with a corporate action or the restructuring of a debt instrument, or through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund.
The Fund may invest in securities that have not been registered for public sale in the U.S. or relevant non-U.S. jurisdiction, including without limitation securities eligible for purchase and sale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, and other securities issued in private placements. The Fund may also invest in securities of other investment companies, including, without limitation, ETFs, and may invest in foreign ETFs. The Fund may invest in REITs. The Fund may invest in securities of companies with any market capitalization, including small and medium capitalizations.
The Fund may invest without limit in illiquid investments (i.e., securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities).
The Fund may make investments in debt instruments and other securities directly or through one or more wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiaries. Each Subsidiary may invest, for example, in whole loans or in shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans, or any other security or other instrument that the Fund may hold directly. References herein to the Fund include references to a Subsidiary in respect of the Funds investment exposure. The allocation of the Funds portfolio in a Subsidiary will vary over time and might not always include all of the different types of investments described herein. The Fund will treat a Subsidiarys assets as assets of the Fund for purposes of determining compliance with various provisions of the 1940 Act applicable to the Fund, including those relating to investment policies (Section 8), capital structure and leverage (Section 18) and affiliated transactions and custody (Section 17).
The Fund may invest, either directly or indirectly through its wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiaries, in Alt Lending ABS backed by consumer, residential or other loans, issued by an SPE sponsored by an online or alternative lending platform or an affiliate thereof.
When acquiring loans or purchasing Alt Lending ABS the Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria. Accordingly, certain loans acquired by the Fund or underlying any Alt Lending ABS purchased by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality.
Temporary defensive investments. Upon PIMCOs recommendation, for temporary defensive purposes or in order to keep its cash fully invested, including during the period in which the net proceeds of this offering are being invested, the Fund may deviate from its investment strategy by investing some or all of its total assets in investments such as high grade debt securities, including high quality, short-term debt securities, and cash and cash equivalents. The Fund may not achieve its investment objectives when it does so.
The following provides additional information regarding the types of securities and other instruments in which the Fund will ordinarily invest. A more detailed discussion of these and other instruments and investment techniques that may be used by the Fund is provided under Investment Objectives and Policies in the Statement of Additional Information.
High Yield Securities
The Fund may invest without limit in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moodys or below BBB- by either S&P or Fitch) or unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. However, the Fund will not normally invest more than 20% of its total assets in debt instruments, other than mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, that are, at the time of purchase, rated CCC+ or lower by S&P and Fitch and Caa1 or lower by Moodys or that are unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality to securities so rated. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities regardless of rating (i.e., of any credit quality). For purposes of applying the foregoing policies, in the case of securities with split ratings (i.e., a security receiving two different ratings from two different rating agencies), the Fund will apply the higher of the applicable ratings. The Fund may invest in debt securities of stressed or distressed issuers, which include securities at risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moodys or CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. Below investment grade securities are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. High yield securities involve a greater degree of risk (in particular, a greater risk of default) than, and special risks in addition to the risks associated with, investment grade debt obligations. While offering a greater potential opportunity for capital
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 27 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
appreciation and higher yields, high yield securities typically entail greater potential price volatility and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. High yield securities may be regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to make timely principal and interest payments. They also may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher-rated securities. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain ratings agencies.
The market values of high yield securities tend to reflect individual developments of the issuer to a greater extent than do higher-quality securities, which tend to react mainly to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. In addition, lower-quality debt securities tend to be more sensitive to general economic conditions. Certain emerging market governments that issue high yield securities in which the Fund may invest are among the largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments and supranational organizations, such as the World Bank, and may not be able or willing to make principal and/or interest payments as they come due.
Credit ratings and unrated securities. Rating agencies are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations. Appendix A to this prospectus describes the various ratings assigned to debt obligations by Moodys, S&P and Fitch. As noted in Appendix A, Moodys, S&P and Fitch may modify their ratings of securities to show relative standing within a rating category, with the addition of numerical modifiers (1, 2 or 3) in the case of Moodys, and with the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign in the case of S&P and Fitch. Ratings assigned by a rating agency are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not evaluate market risks. Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuers current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. The Fund will not necessarily sell a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase. PIMCO does not rely solely on credit ratings, and develops its own analysis of issuer credit quality. The ratings of a debt security may change over time. Moodys, S&P and Fitch monitor and evaluate the ratings assigned to securities on an ongoing basis. As a result, debt instruments held by the Fund could receive a higher rating (which would tend to increase their value) or a lower rating (which would tend to decrease their value) during the period in which they are held by the Fund.
PIMCO does not rely solely on credit ratings, and develops its own analysis of issuer credit quality.
The Fund may purchase unrated securities (which are not rated by a rating agency) if PIMCO determines, in its sole discretion, that the security is of comparable quality to a rated security that the Fund may purchase. In making ratings determinations, PIMCO may take into account different factors than those taken into account by rating agencies, and PIMCOs rating of a security may differ from the rating that a rating agency may have given the same security. Unrated securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the portfolio manager may not accurately evaluate the securitys comparative credit rating. The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in unrated securities and therefore may be particularly subject to the associated risks. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality fixed income securities. To the extent that the Fund invests in high yield and/or unrated securities, the Funds success in achieving its investment objectives may depend more heavily on the portfolio managers creditworthiness analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in higher-quality and rated securities.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investments
The Fund may invest without limit in securities of U.S. issuers and without limit in securities of foreign (non-U.S.) issuers, securities traded principally outside of the United States, and securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Fund may invest without limit in investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity (short-term investment grade sovereign debt), including short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest in sovereign and other debt securities issued by foreign governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies or instrumentalities, government sponsored enterprises and supranational government entities. Supranational entities include international organizations that are organized or supported by one or more government entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and by international banking institutions and related governmental agencies. As a holder of such debt securities, the Fund may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. In addition, there are generally no bankruptcy proceedings similar to those in the United States by which defaulted foreign debt securities may be collected. Investing in foreign securities involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. See Principal Risks of the FundForeign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk.
PIMCO generally considers an instrument to be economically tied to a non-U.S. country if the issuer is a foreign (non-U.S.) government (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government), or if the issuer is organized under the laws of a non-U.S. country. In the case of money market instruments other than commercial paper and certificates of deposit, such instruments will be considered economically tied to a non-U.S. country if the issuer of such money market instrument is organized under the laws of a non-U.S. country. In the case of commercial paper and certificates of deposit, instruments will be considered economically tied to a non-U.S. country if the country of exposure of such instrument is a non-U.S. country, as determined by the criteria set forth below. With respect to derivative instruments, PIMCO generally considers such instruments to be economically tied to non-U.S. countries if the underlying assets are foreign currencies (or baskets or indexes of such currencies), or instruments or securities that are issued by foreign governments or issuers organized under the laws of a non-U.S. country (or if the underlying assets are money market instruments other than commercial paper and certificates of deposit, the issuer of such money market instrument is organized under the laws of a non-U.S. country, or, in the case of underlying assets that are commercial paper or certificates of deposit, if the country of exposure of such money market instrument is a non-U.S. country). A securitys country of exposure is determined by PIMCO using certain factors provided by a third-party analytical service provider. The factors are applied in order such that the first
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factor to result in the assignment of a country determines the country of exposure. Both the factors and the order in which they are applied may change in the discretion of PIMCO. The current factors, listed in the order in which they are applied, are: (i) if an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located; (ii) the country of risk of the issuer; (iii) if the security is guaranteed by the government of a country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government), the country of the government or instrumentality providing the guarantee; (iv) the country of risk of the issuers ultimate parent; or (v) the country where the issuer is organized or incorporated under the laws thereof. Country of risk is a separate four-part test determined by the following factors, listed in order of importance: (i) management location; (ii) country of primary listing; (iii) sales or revenue attributable to the country; and (iv) reporting currency of the issuer.
The Fund may invest in Brady Bonds, which are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with a debt restructuring. Investments in Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative. Brady Bonds acquired by the Fund may be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause the Fund to realize a loss of interest or principal on any of its portfolio holdings.
The foreign securities in which the Fund may invest include without limitation Eurodollar obligations and Yankee Dollar obligations. Eurodollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee Dollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks. Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar obligations are generally subject to the same risks that apply to domestic debt issues, notably credit risk, interest rate risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee Dollar) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding or other taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
Emerging Markets Investments
The Fund may invest without limit in short-term investment grade sovereign debt, including short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries (this limitation does not apply to investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity). PIMCO generally considers an instrument to be economically tied to an emerging market country if: the issuer is organized under the laws of an emerging market country; the currency of settlement of the security is a currency of an emerging market country; the security is guaranteed by the government of an emerging market country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government); for an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located is an emerging market country; or the securitys country of exposure is an emerging market country, as determined by the criteria set forth below. With respect to derivative instruments, PIMCO generally considers such instruments to be economically tied to emerging market countries if the underlying assets are currencies of emerging market countries (or baskets or indexes of such currencies), or instruments or securities that are issued or guaranteed by governments of emerging market countries or by entities organized under the laws of emerging market countries or an instruments country of exposure is an emerging market country. A securitys country of exposure is determined by PIMCO using certain factors provided by a third-party analytical service provider. The factors are applied in order such that the first factor to result in the assignment of a country determines the country of exposure. Both the factors and the order in which they are applied may change in the discretion of PIMCO. The current factors, listed in the order in which they are applied, are: (i) if an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located; (ii) the country of risk of the issuer; (iii) if the security is guaranteed by the government of a country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government), the country of the government or instrumentality providing the guarantee; (iv) the country of risk of the issuers ultimate parent; or (v) the country where the issuer is organized or incorporated under the laws thereof. Country of risk is a separate four-part test determined by the following factors, listed in order of importance: (i) management location; (ii) country of primary listing; (iii) sales or revenue attributable to the country; and (iv) reporting currency of the issuer. PIMCO has broad discretion to identify countries that it considers to qualify as emerging markets. In making investments in emerging market securities, the Fund emphasizes those countries with relatively low gross national product per capita and with the potential for rapid economic growth. Emerging market countries are generally located in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and Eastern Europe. PIMCO will select the country and currency composition based on its evaluation of relative interest rates, inflation rates, exchange rates, monetary and fiscal policies, trade and current account balances, legal and political developments and any other specific factors it believes to be relevant.
Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in domestic securities or in foreign, developed countries. The securities and currency markets of emerging market countries are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities and currency markets of the United States and other developed markets and disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less stringent. There also may be a lower level of monitoring and regulation of securities markets in emerging market countries and the activities of investors in such markets and enforcement of existing regulations may be extremely limited. Government enforcement of existing securities regulations is limited, and any enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of emerging market countries with respect to the ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to interpretation or changes without prior notice to investors than more developed countries.
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Many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on such countries economies and securities markets.
Economies of emerging market countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. The economies of emerging market countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. The economies of emerging market countries may also be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In addition, custodial services and other investment-related costs may be more expensive in emerging markets than in many developed markets, which could reduce the Funds income from securities or debt instruments of emerging market country issuers.
Governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including some of the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in an emerging country and on market conditions, prices and yields of securities in the Funds portfolio.
Emerging market countries are more likely than developed market countries to experience political uncertainty and instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect investments in these countries. No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause the Fund to suffer a loss of any or all of its investments in emerging market countries or interest/dividend income thereon.
Foreign investment in certain emerging market country securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in certain emerging market country securities and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain emerging market countries may also restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests. Emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors.
Also, because publicly traded debt instruments of emerging market issuers represent a relatively recent innovation in the world debt markets, there is little historical data or related market experience concerning the attributes of such instruments under all economic, market and political conditions.
As reflected in the above discussion, investments in emerging market securities involve a greater degree of risk than, and special risks in addition to the risks associated with, investments in domestic securities or in securities of foreign developed countries. See Principal Risks of the FundEmerging Markets Risk.
Foreign Currencies and Related Transactions
The Funds Common Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Common Shareholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, a significant portion of the Funds assets may be denominated in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies and the income received by the Fund from many foreign debt obligations will be paid in foreign currencies. The Fund also may invest in or gain exposure to foreign currencies themselves for investment or hedging purposes. The Funds investments in securities that trade in, or receive revenues in, foreign currencies will be subject to currency risk, which is the risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect an investment. See Principal Risks of the FundCurrency Risk. The Fund may (but is not required to) hedge some or all of its exposure to foreign currencies through the use of derivative strategies. For instance, the Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, and may buy and sell foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currencies and foreign currency futures. A forward foreign currency exchange contract, which involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract, may reduce the Funds exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and increase its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect on the value of the Fund is similar to selling securities denominated in one currency and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Foreign currency transactions, like currency exchange rates, can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments. Such events may prevent or restrict the Funds ability to enter into foreign currency transactions, force the Fund to exit a foreign currency transaction at a disadvantageous time or price or result in penalties for the Fund, any of which may result in a loss to the Fund. Contracts to sell foreign currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by the Fund if the value of the hedged currency increases. The Fund may enter into these contracts to hedge against foreign exchange risk arising from the Funds investment or anticipated investment in securities denominated in foreign currencies. Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in such transactions at any given time or from time to time when they would be beneficial. Although PIMCO has the flexibility to engage in such transactions for the Fund, it may determine not to do so or to do so only in unusual circumstances or market conditions. Also, these transactions may not be successful and may eliminate any chance for the Fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.
The Fund may also use derivatives contracts for purposes of increasing exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. To the extent that it does so, the Fund will be subject to the additional risk that the relative value of currencies will be different than anticipated by PIMCO.
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Please see Investment Objectives and PoliciesNon-U.S. Securities, Investment Objectives and PoliciesForeign Currency Transactions and Investment Objectives and PoliciesForeign Currency Exchange-Related Securities in the Statement of Additional Information for a more detailed description of the types of foreign investments and foreign currency transactions in which the Fund may invest or engage and their related risks.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities
The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund normally invests at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities.
Mortgage-related securities include mortgage pass-through securities, CMOs, commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBSs), mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (ARMs), SMBSs and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. When acquiring mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities, the Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria. Accordingly, loans underlying mortgage-related securities acquired by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a pass through of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as modified pass-through. These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The rate of pre-payments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. To the extent that unanticipated rates of prepayment on underlying mortgages increase the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase. The mortgage market in the United States has experienced heightened difficulties over the past several years that may adversely affect the performance and market value of mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential and commercial mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien residential mortgage loans) generally have increased recently and may continue to increase, and a decline in or flattening of property values (as has recently been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgage loans are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at comparably low interest rates. Also, a number of residential mortgage loan originators have recently experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Owing largely to the foregoing, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.
The principal U.S. governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the FHA), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the VA). Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation the common stock of which is owned entirely by private stockholders. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation that issues Participation Certificates (PCs), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations.
On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC. In connection with the conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with each of FNMA and FHLMC pursuant to which the U.S. Treasury will purchase up to an aggregate of $100 billion of each of FNMA and FHLMC
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to maintain a positive net worth in each enterprise. This agreement contains various covenants that severely limit each enterprises operations. In exchange for entering into these agreements, the U.S. Treasury received $1 billion of each enterprises senior preferred stock and warrants to purchase 79.9% of each enterprises common stock. On February 18, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was doubling the size of its commitment to each enterprise under the Senior Preferred Stock Program to $200 billion. The U.S. Treasurys obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock Program are for an indefinite period of time for a maximum amount of $200 billion per enterprise. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced further amendments to the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements which included additional financial support to certain governmentally supported entities, including the FHLBs, FNMA and FHLMC. There is no assurance that the obligations of such entities will be satisfied in full, or that such obligations will not decrease in value or default. It is difficult, if not impossible, to predict the future political, regulatory or economic changes that could impact the FNMA, FHLMC and the FHLBs, and the values of their related securities or obligations.
FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the Reform Act), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFAs appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMAs or FHLMCs affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver. FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMAs or FHLMCs assets available therefor. In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders. Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party. In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
In addition, in a February 2011 report to Congress from the Treasury Department and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Obama administration provided a plan to reform Americas housing finance market. The plan would reduce the role of and eventually eliminate FNMA and FHLMC. Notably, the plan does not propose similar significant changes to GNMA, which guarantees payments on mortgage-related securities backed by federally insured or guaranteed loans such as those issued by the Federal Housing Association or guaranteed by the VA. The report also identified three proposals for Congress and the administration to consider for the long-term structure of the housing finance markets after the elimination of FNMA and FHLMC, including implementing: (i) a privatized system of housing finance that limits government insurance to very limited groups of creditworthy low- and moderate-income borrowers; (ii) a privatized system with a government backstop mechanism that would allow the government to insure a larger share of the housing finance market during a future housing crisis; and (iii) a privatized system where the government would offer reinsurance to holders of certain highly-rated mortgage-related securities insured by private insurers and would pay out under the reinsurance arrangements only if the private mortgage insurers were insolvent.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and
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principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security should be purchased for the Fund. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may, however, invest in mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if PIMCO believes that the securities will help to achieve the Funds investment objectives. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
Privately-Issued Mortgage-Related Securities. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Funds investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originators/servicers and poolers, PIMCO determines that the securities meet the Funds quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
Privately-issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately-issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Mortgage pools underlying privately-issued mortgage-related securities more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value ratio mortgages and manufactured housing loans, in addition to commercial mortgages and other types of mortgages where a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee is not available. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a privately-issued mortgage-related securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans are loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.
The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by loans that were originated under weak underwriting standards, including loans made to borrowers with limited means to make repayment. When acquiring mortgage-related securities, the Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria. A level of risk exists for all loans, although, historically, the poorest performing loans have been those classified as subprime. Other types of privately-issued mortgage-related securities, such as those classified as pay-option adjustable rate or Alt-A have also performed poorly.
Even loans classified as prime have experienced higher levels of delinquencies and defaults. The substantial decline in real property values across the U.S. has exacerbated the level of losses that investors in privately issued mortgage-related securities have experienced. It is not certain when these trends may reverse. Market factors that may adversely affect mortgage loan repayment include adverse economic conditions, unemployment, a decline in the value of real property, or an increase in interest rates.
Privately-issued mortgage-related securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Funds portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
The Fund may purchase privately-issued mortgage-related securities that are originated, packaged and serviced by third party entities. It is possible these third parties could have interests that are in conflict with the holders of mortgage-related securities, and such holders (such as the Fund) could have rights against the third parties or their affiliates. For example, if a loan originator, servicer or its affiliates engaged in negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties, then a holder of the mortgage-related security could seek recourse against the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable. Also, as a loan originator/servicer, the originator/servicer or its affiliates may make certain representations and warranties regarding the quality of the mortgages and properties underlying a mortgage-related security. If one or more of those representations or warranties is false, then the holders of the mortgage-related securities (such as the Fund) could trigger an obligation of the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable, to repurchase the mortgages from the issuing trust.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, many of the third parties that are legally bound by trust and other documents have failed to perform their respective duties, as stipulated in such trust and other documents, and investors have had limited success in enforcing terms. To the extent third party entities involved with privately issued mortgage-related securities are involved in litigation relating to the securities, actions may be taken that are adverse to the interests of holders of the mortgage-related securities, including the Fund. For example, third parties may seek to withhold proceeds due to holders of the mortgage-related securities, including the Fund, to cover legal or related costs. Any such action could result in losses to the Fund.
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PIMCO seeks to manage the portion of the Funds assets committed to privately-issued mortgage-related securities in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and overall portfolio risk profile. In determining whether and how much to invest in privately-issued mortgage-related securities, and how to allocate those assets, PIMCO will consider a number of factors. These include, but are not limited to: (1) the nature of the borrowers (e.g., residential vs. commercial); (2) the collateral loan type (e.g., for residential: First Lien - Jumbo/Prime, First Lien - Alt-A, First Lien - Subprime, First Lien - Pay-Option or Second Lien; for commercial: Conduit, Large Loan or Single Asset / Single Borrower); and (3) in the case of residential loans, whether they are fixed rate or adjustable mortgages. Each of these criteria can cause privately-issued mortgage-related securities to have differing primary economic characteristics and distinguishable risk factors and performance characteristics.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are generally collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA and their income streams. CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as tranches, with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including prepayments. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche which bears the bulk of defaults and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as sequential pay CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made to any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. CMBSs include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of a CMO is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMO and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (or IO) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities (described below). In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual. CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the 1933 Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability.
Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities. ARMs have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMs are based. Such ARMs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARM, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable-rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable-rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. SMBSs are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations,
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mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Funds yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Collateralized Bond Obligations, Collateralized Loan Obligations and other Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest in each of CBOs, CLOs, other CDOs and other similarly structured securities. CBOs, CLOs, and CDOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed income securities such as high-yield debt, residential privately-issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately-issued mortgage-related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Other CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CBOs, CLOs, and other CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. For CBOs, CLOs and CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since they are partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CBO trust, CLO trust or trust of another CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO, CLO or other CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO, CLO or other CDO securities as a class. The Fund may invest in any tranche, including the equity tranche, of a CBO, CLO or other CDO. The risks of an investment in a CBO, CLO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which the Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid investments; however, an active dealer market may exist for CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs allowing them to qualify for Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt instruments discussed elsewhere in this prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information (e.g., prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, legal risk, interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or inversely to changes in interest rates) and default risk), CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs may carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the risk that the Fund may invest in CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities (ABS) are bonds backed by pools of loans or other receivables. ABS are created from many types of assets, including auto loans, credit card receivables, home equity loans and student loans. ABS are typically issued through special purpose vehicles that are bankruptcy remote from the issuer of the collateral. The credit quality of an ABS transaction depends on the performance of the underlying assets. To protect ABS investors from the possibility that some borrowers could miss payments or even default on their loans, ABS include various forms of credit enhancement. Some ABS, particularly home equity loan ABS, are subject to interest rate risk and prepayment risk. A change in interest can affect the pace of payments on the underlying loans, which in turn affects total return on the securities. ABS also carry credit or default risk. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in an ABS. In addition, ABS have structural risk due to a unique characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of most ABS are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include a big rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level or even the bankruptcy of the originator. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments (after expenses are paid) are used to pay investors as quickly as possible based upon a predetermined priority of payment. The Fund may invest in any tranche, including the equity tranche, of an ABS.
The Fund may invest in other types of asset-backed securities that are offered in the marketplace, including Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (EETCs). EETCs are typically issued by specially-created trusts established by airlines, railroads, or other transportation corporations. The proceeds of EETCs are used to purchase equipment, such as airplanes, railroad cars, or other equipment, which in turn serve as collateral for the related issue of the EETCs. The equipment generally is leased by the airline, railroad or other corporation, which makes rental payments to provide the projected cash flow for payments to EETC holders. Holders of EETCs must look to the collateral securing the certificates, typically together with a guarantee provided by the lessee corporation or its parent company for the payment of lease obligations, in the case of default in the payment of principal and interest on the EETCs. However, because principal and interest payments on EETCs are funded in the ordinary course by the lessee corporation, the Fund treats EETCs as corporate bonds/obligations for purposes of compliance testing and related classifications.
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Please see Investment Objectives and PoliciesMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in the Statement of Additional Information and Principal Risks of the FundMortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Instruments Risk in this prospectus for a more detailed description of the types of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities in which the Fund may invest and their related risks.
Loans and Other Indebtedness; Loan Participations and Assignments
The Fund may purchase indebtedness and participations in commercial loans, as well as interests and/or servicing or similar rights in such loans. Such investments may be secured or unsecured and may be newly-originated (and may be specifically designed for the Fund). Indebtedness is different from traditional debt securities in that debt securities are part of a large issue of securities to the public whereas indebtedness may not be a security, and may represent a specific commercial loan to a borrower. Loan participations typically represent direct participation, together with other parties, in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing indebtedness and loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The indebtedness and loan participations that the Fund may acquire may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service.
A loan is often administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, the Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.
A financial institutions employment as agent bank might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement would likely remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of the Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent banks general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the NAV, market share price and/ or yield of the Common Shares could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer the Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrowers obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated. In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations in its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a loan.
The Fund may acquire loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when acquiring indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested of the instrument acquired. The Fund may make purchases of indebtedness and loan participations to achieve income and/or capital appreciation, rather than to seek income.
The Fund limits the amount of its total assets that it will invest in any one issuer and the Fund will limit the amount of its total assets that it will invest in issuers within the same industry (except with respect to the Funds policy to concentrate in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities). For purposes of these limits, the Fund generally will treat the corporate borrower as the issuer of indebtedness held by the Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as a financial intermediary between the Fund and the corporate borrower, if the participation does not shift to the Fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the corporate borrower, SEC interpretations require the Fund to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the corporate borrower as issuers. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict the Funds ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.
Loans and other types of direct indebtedness (which the Fund may purchase or otherwise gain exposure to) may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In connection with certain loan transactions, transaction costs that are borne by the Fund may include the expenses of third parties that are retained to assist with reviewing and conducting diligence, negotiating, structuring and servicing a loan transaction, and/or providing other services in connection therewith. Furthermore, the Fund may incur such costs in connection with loan transactions that are pursued by the Fund but not ultimately consummated (so-called broken deal costs). In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what PIMCO believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining the Funds NAV than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Funds daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial
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institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. Acquisitions of loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of the Funds investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets by the Fund.
Acquisitions of loans through a purchase of a loan or direct assignment of a financial institutions interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks to the Fund. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning lender. Assignments may, however, be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. If a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, the Fund could be held liable as co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, the Fund relies on PIMCOs research in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
The Fund may make, participate in or acquire debtor-in-possession financings (commonly known as DIP financings). DIP financings are arranged when an entity seeks the protections of the bankruptcy court under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These financings allow the entity to continue its business operations while reorganizing under Chapter 11. Such financings constitute senior liens on unencumbered security (i.e., security not subject to other creditors claims). There is a risk that the entity will not emerge from Chapter 11 and be forced to liquidate its assets under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In the event of liquidation, the Funds only recourse will be against the property securing the DIP financing.
The Fund may make investments in debt instruments and other securities directly or through one or more wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries formed by the Fund (each, a Subsidiary). References herein to the Fund include references to a Subsidiary in respect of the Funds investment exposure. The Fund will treat a Subsidiarys assets as assets of the Fund for purposes of determining compliance with various provisions of the 1940 Act applicable to the Fund, including those relating to investment policies (Section 8), capital structure and leverage (Section 18) and affiliated transactions and custody (Section 17).
Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities
The Fund may enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities, in which a bank or other lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not be desirable to do so (including at a time when the companys financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid). Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are subject to credit, interest rate and liquidity risk and the risks of being a lender.
Bonds
The Fund may invest in a wide variety of bonds of varying maturities issued by non-U.S. (foreign) and U.S. corporations and other business entities, governments and quasi-governmental entities and municipalities and other issuers. Bonds may include, among other things, fixed or variable/floating-rate debt obligations, including bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities. Bonds generally are used by corporations as well as governments and other issuers to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. Certain bonds are perpetual in that they have no maturity date.
Preferred Securities
Preferred securities represent an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from liquidation of the company. Unlike common stocks, preferred securities usually do not have voting rights. Preferred securities in some instances are convertible into common stock. Some preferred securities also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a companys common stock, and thus also represent an ownership interest in the company. Some preferred securities offer a fixed rate of return with no maturity date. Because they never mature, these preferred securities may act like long-term bonds, can be more volatile than other types of preferred securities and may have heightened sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Other preferred securities have a variable dividend, generally determined on a quarterly or other periodic basis, either according to a formula based upon a specified premium or discount to the yield on particular U.S. Treasury securities or based on an auction process, involving bids submitted by holders and prospective purchasers of such securities. Although they are equity securities, preferred securities have certain characteristics of both debt securities and common stock. They are like debt securities in that their stated income is generally contractually fixed. They are like common stocks in that they do not have rights to precipitate bankruptcy proceedings or collection activities in the event of missed payments. Furthermore, preferred securities have many of the key characteristics of equity due to their subordinated position in an issuers capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows. Because preferred securities represent an equity ownership interest in a company, their value usually will react more strongly than bonds and other debt instruments to actual or perceived changes in a companys financial condition or prospects, or to fluctuations in the equity markets.
In order to be payable, dividends on preferred securities must be declared by the issuers board of directors. In addition, distributions on preferred securities may be subject to deferral and thus may not be automatically payable. Income payments on some preferred securities are cumulative, causing dividends and distributions to accrue even if they are not declared by the board of directors of the issuer or otherwise made payable. Other preferred securities are non-cumulative, meaning that skipped dividends and distributions do not continue to accrue. There is no assurance that dividends on preferred securities in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable.
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Preferred securities have a liquidation value that generally equals their original purchase price at the date of issuance. The market values of preferred securities may be affected by favorable and unfavorable changes affecting the issuers industries or sectors. They also may be affected by actual and anticipated changes or ambiguities in the tax status of the security and by actual and anticipated changes or ambiguities in tax laws, such as changes in corporate and individual income tax rates or the rates applicable to dividends. The dividends paid on the preferred securities in which the Fund invests might not be eligible for the favorable tax treated accorded to qualified dividend income. See Taxation in the Statement of Additional Information. Because the claim on an issuers earnings represented by preferred securities may become disproportionately large when interest rates fall below the rate payable on the securities or for other reasons, the issuer may redeem preferred securities, generally after an initial period of call protection in which the security is not redeemable. Thus, in declining interest rate environments in particular, the Funds holdings of higher dividend-paying preferred securities may be reduced and the Fund may be unable to acquire securities paying comparable rates with the redemption proceeds.
Convertible Securities and Synthetic Convertible Securities
Convertible securities (i.e., debt securities that may be converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of common stock) have general characteristics similar to both debt securities and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent than with debt obligations, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stocks and, therefore, also will react to variations in the general market for equity securities.
Convertible securities are investments that provide for a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. There can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities, however, generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for equity-related capital appreciation. A convertible security, in addition to providing current income, offers the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock.
The Fund may invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, that is, an income-producing component and the right to acquire a convertible component. The income-producing component is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred securities and money market instruments. The convertible component is achieved by purchasing warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. The Fund may also purchase synthetic securities created by other parties, typically investment banks, including convertible structured notes. The income-producing and convertible components of a synthetic convertible security may be issued separately by different issuers and at different times. The values of synthetic convertible securities will respond differently to market fluctuations than a traditional convertible security because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities or instruments, each with its own market value. Synthetic convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with derivatives. See Principal Risks of the FundDerivatives Risk. In addition, if the value of the underlying common stock or the level of the index involved in the convertible element falls below the strike price of the warrant or option, the warrant or option may lose all value.
Contingent Convertible Securities
Contingent convertible securities (CoCos) are a form of hybrid debt security issued primarily by non-U.S. issuers, which have loss absorption mechanisms built into their terms. CoCos have no stated maturity, have fully discretionary coupons and are typically issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments. CoCos generally either convert into equity of the issuer or have their principal written down upon the occurrence of certain triggering events (triggers) linked to regulatory capital thresholds or regulatory actions relating to the issuers continued viability. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCos may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive a return of principal on CoCos. Any indication that an automatic write-down or conversion event may occur can be expected to have an adverse effect on the market price of CoCos. CoCos are often rated below investment grade and are subject to the risks of high yield securities.
Because CoCos are issued primarily by financial institutions, CoCos may present substantially increased risks at times of financial turmoil, which could affect financial institutions more than companies in other sectors and industries. Further, the value of an investment in CoCos is unpredictable and will be influenced by many factors and risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. An investment by the Fund in CoCos may result in losses to the Fund.
Some additional risks associated with CoCos include, but are not limited to:
Loss absorption risk. CoCos may be subject to an automatic write-down (i.e., the automatic write-down of the principal amount or value of the securities, potentially to zero, and the cancellation of the securities) under certain circumstances, which could result in the Fund losing a portion or all of its investment in such securities. In addition, the Fund may not have any rights with respect to repayment of the principal amount of the securities that has not become due or the payment of interest or dividends on such securities for any period from (and including) the interest or dividend payment date falling immediately prior to the occurrence of such automatic write-down. An automatic write-down could also result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment is based on the securitys par value. In addition, CoCos have fully discretionary coupons. This means coupons can potentially be cancelled at the issuers discretion or at the request of the relevant regulatory authority in order to help the issuer absorb losses and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves.
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Subordinated instruments. CoCos will, in the majority of circumstances, be issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments in order to provide the appropriate regulatory capital treatment prior to a conversion. Accordingly, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of an issuer prior to a conversion having occurred, the rights and claims of the holders of the CoCos, such as the Fund, against the issuer in respect of or arising under the terms of the CoCos shall generally rank junior to the claims of all holders of unsubordinated obligations of the issuer. In addition, if the CoCos are converted into the issuers underlying equity securities following a conversion event (i.e., a trigger), each holder will be subordinated due to their conversion from being the holder of a debt instrument to being the holder of an equity instrument.
Market value will fluctuate based on unpredictable factors. The trading behavior of a given issuers CoCos may be strongly impacted by the trading behavior of other issuers CoCos, such that negative information from an unrelated CoCo may cause a decline in value of one or more CoCos held by the Fund. Accordingly, the trading behavior of CoCos may not follow the trading behavior of other similarly structured securities. The value of CoCos is unpredictable and could be influenced by many factors including, without limitation: (i) the creditworthiness of the issuer and/or fluctuations in such issuers applicable capital ratios; (ii) supply and demand for the CoCos; (iii) general market conditions and available liquidity; and (iv) economic, financial and political events that affect the issuer, its particular market or the financial markets in general.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls
As described under Use of Leverage, the Fund may use, among other things, reverse repurchase agreements and/or dollar rolls to add leverage to its portfolio. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund sells securities to a bank or broker dealer and agrees to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed future date and price. A dollar roll is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement except that the counterparty with which the Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities that are substantially identical. Generally, the effect of a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll transaction is that the Fund can recover and reinvest all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the agreement and still be entitled to the returns associated with those portfolio securities, thereby resulting in a transaction similar to a borrowing and giving rise to leverage for the Fund. The Fund will incur interest expense as a cost of utilizing reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Funds obligation to repurchase the securities.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies. The rate of return on commercial paper may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies.
U.S. Government Securities
U.S. Government securities are obligations of and, in certain cases, guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the NAV of the Funds shares. Some U.S. Government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the FHLBs, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the U.S. Treasury); others, such as those of FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. U.S. Government securities may include zero coupon securities, which do not distribute interest on a current basis and tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities.
Bank Capital Securities and Bank Obligations
The Fund may invest in bank capital securities of both non-U.S. (foreign) and U.S. issuers. Bank capital securities are issued by banks to help fulfill their regulatory capital requirements. There are three common types of bank capital: Lower Tier II, Upper Tier II and Tier I. Upper Tier II securities are commonly thought of as hybrids of debt and preferred stock. Upper Tier II securities are often perpetual (with no maturity date), callable and have a cumulative interest deferral feature. This means that under certain conditions, the issuer bank can withhold payment of interest until a later date. However, such deferred interest payments generally earn interest. Tier I securities often take the form of trust preferred securities.
The Fund may also invest in other bank obligations including without limitation certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates that are issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and that earn a specified return. Bankers acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are accepted by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are generally no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is generally no market for such deposits. The Fund may also hold funds on deposit with its custodian bank in an interest-bearing account for temporary purposes.
Zero-coupon Bonds, Step-ups and Payment-in-kind Securities
Zero-coupon bonds pay interest only at maturity rather than at intervals during the life of the security. Like zero-coupon bonds, step up bonds pay no interest initially but eventually begin to pay a coupon rate prior to maturity, which rate may increase at stated intervals during the life of the security. PIKs are debt obligations that pay interest in the form of other
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debt obligations, instead of in cash. Each of these instruments is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. Zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs allow an issuer to avoid or delay the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments and, as a result, may involve greater credit risk than bonds that pay interest currently or in cash. The Fund would be required to distribute the income on these instruments as it accrues, even though the Fund will not receive the income on a current basis or in cash. Thus, the Fund may have to sell investments, including when it may not be advisable to do so, to make income distributions to its shareholders.
Event-linked Instruments
The Fund may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in event-linked bonds or event-linked swaps or by implementing event-linked strategies. Event-linked exposure results in gains or losses that typically are contingent upon, or formulaically related to, defined trigger events. Examples of trigger events include hurricanes, earthquakes, weather-related phenomena or statistics relating to such events. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as catastrophe bonds. If a trigger event occurs, the Fund may lose a portion or its entire principal invested in the bond or notional amount on a swap. Event-linked exposure often provides for an extension of maturity to process and audit loss claims when a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. Event-linked exposure may also expose the Fund to certain other risks including credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations and adverse tax consequences. Event-linked exposures may also be subject to liquidity risk.
Variable- and Floating-rate Securities
Variable- and floating-rate instruments are instruments that pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes and/or that reset on predetermined dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). In addition to senior loans, variable- and floating-rate instruments may include, without limit, instruments such as catastrophe and other event-linked bonds, bank capital securities, unsecured bank loans, corporate bonds, money market instruments and certain types of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities. Due to their variable- or floating-rate features, these instruments will generally pay higher levels of income in a rising interest rate environment and lower levels of income as interest rates decline. For the same reason, the market value of a variable- or floating-rate instrument is generally expected to have less sensitivity to fluctuations in market interest rates than a fixed-rate instrument, although the value of a variable- or floating-rate instrument may nonetheless decline as interest rates rise and due to other factors, such as changes in credit quality.
The Fund also may engage in credit spread trades. A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two bonds or other securities, in which the value of the investment position is determined by changes in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities.
Inverse Floaters
An inverse floater is a type of debt instrument that bears a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction to interest rates generally or the interest rate on another security or index. Changes in interest rates generally, or the interest rate of the other security or index, inversely affect the interest rate paid on the inverse floater, with the result that the inverse floaters price will be considerably more volatile than that of a fixed-rate bond. The Fund may invest without limit in inverse floaters, which brokers typically create by depositing an income-producing instrument, which may be a mortgage-related security, in a trust. The trust in turn issues a variable rate security and inverse floaters. The interest rate for the variable rate security is typically determined by an index or an auction process, while the inverse floater holder receives the balance of the income from the underlying income-producing instrument less an auction fee. The market prices of inverse floaters may be highly sensitive to changes in interest rates and prepayment rates on the underlying securities, and may decrease significantly when interest rates increase or prepayment rates change. In a transaction in which the Fund purchases an inverse floater from a trust, and the underlying bond was held by the Fund prior to being deposited into the trust, the Fund typically treats the transaction as a secured borrowing for financial reporting purposes. As a result, for financial reporting purposes, the Fund will generally incur a non-cash interest expense with respect to interest paid by the trust on the variable rate securities, and will recognize additional interest income in an amount directly corresponding to the non-cash interest expense. Therefore, the Funds NAV per Common Share and performance are not affected by the non-cash interest expense. This accounting treatment does not apply to inverse floaters acquired by the Fund when the Fund did not previously own the underlying bond.
Derivatives
The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) for investment purposes, leveraging purposes, or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio. The Fund may use various derivatives transactions to add leverage to its portfolio. See Use of Leverage. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to, among others, individual debt instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities and related indexes. Examples of derivative instruments that the Fund may use include, without limit, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options (including options on futures contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements. The Funds use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investment directly in securities and other more traditional investments. See Principal Risks of the FundDerivatives Risk. Certain types of derivative instruments that the Fund may utilize are described elsewhere in this section, including those described under Certain interest rate transactions, Hybrid instruments, Credit default swaps and Structured notes and related instruments. Please see Investment Objectives and PoliciesDerivative Instruments in the Statement of Additional Information for additional information about these and other derivative instruments that the Fund may use and the risks associated with such instruments. There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that PIMCO will
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determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful. In addition, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on its use of derivative strategies imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for any preferred shares issued by the Fund.
Certain Interest Rate Transactions
In order to reduce the interest rate risk inherent in the Funds underlying investments and capital structure, the Fund may (but is not required to) enter into interest rate swap transactions. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with a counterparty of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. These transactions generally involve an agreement with the swap counterparty to pay a fixed or variable rate payment in exchange for the counterparty paying the Fund the other type of payment stream (i.e., variable or fixed). The payment obligation would be based on the notional amount of the swap. Other forms of interest rate swap agreements in which the Fund may invest include without limitation interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or cap; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or floor; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels. The Fund may (but is not required to) use interest rate swap transactions with the intent to reduce or eliminate the risk that an increase in short-term interest rates could pose for the performance of the Funds Common Shares as a result of leverage, and also may use these instruments for other hedging or investment purposes. Any termination of an interest rate swap transaction could result in a termination payment by or to the Fund.
Credit Default Swaps
The Fund may enter into credit default swaps for both investment and risk management purposes, as well as to add leverage to the Funds portfolio. A credit default swap may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by the Fund. The protection buyer in a credit default swap is generally obligated to pay the protection seller an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the par value (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap from the seller, who, in turn, generally will recover an amount significantly lower than the equivalent face amount of the obligations of the reference entity, whose value may have significantly decreased, through (i) physical delivery of such obligations by the buyer, (ii) cash settlement or (iii) an auction process. As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
The spread of a credit default swap is the annual amount the protection buyer must pay the protection seller over the length of the contract, expressed as a percentage of the notional amount. When spreads rise, market perceived credit risk rises and when spreads fall, market perceived credit risk falls. Wider credit spreads and decreasing market values, when compared to the notional amount of the swap, represent a deterioration of the referenced entitys credit soundness and a greater likelihood or risk of default or other credit event occurring as defined under the terms of the agreement. For credit default swaps on asset-backed securities and credit indexes, the quoted market prices and resulting values, as well as the annual payment rate, serve as an indication of the current status of the payment/performance risk.
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk, among other risks associated with derivative instruments. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. The Funds obligations under a credit default swap will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund). In connection with credit default swaps in which the Fund is the buyer, the Fund may segregate or earmark cash or liquid assets, or enter into certain offsetting positions, with a value at least equal to the Funds exposure (any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed by the Fund to any counterparty), on a marked-to-market basis. In connection with credit default swaps in which the Fund is the seller, if the Fund covers its position through asset segregation, the Fund will segregate or earmark cash or assets determined to be liquid with a value at least equal to the full notional amount of the Funds obligation under the swap. Such segregation or earmarking will not limit the Funds exposure to loss. See Principal Risks of the FundSegregation and Coverage Risk. and Principal Risks of the FundRegulatory Risk Commodity Pool Operator.
Hybrid Instruments
A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional bond, stock or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a benchmark). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base
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level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.
Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the NAV of the Common Shares if the Fund invests in hybrid instruments.
Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Funds investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
The Funds use of commodity-linked instruments may be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a RIC and may limit the Funds ability to so qualify. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its income from certain specified sources (qualifying income). Income from certain commodity-linked instruments does not constitute qualifying income to the Fund. The tax treatment of certain other commodity-linked instruments in which the Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income and gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income. If the Fund were to treat income from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Funds nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level. See Tax Matters.
Structured Notes and Related Instruments
The Fund may invest in structured notes and other related instruments, which are privately negotiated debt obligations in which the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an embedded index), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as indexes reflecting bonds. Structured instruments may be issued by corporations, including banks, as well as by governmental agencies. Structured instruments frequently are assembled in the form of medium-term notes, but a variety of forms are available and may be used in particular circumstances. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but ordinarily not below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending on a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index(es) or other asset(s). Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss.
The Fund may use structured instruments for investment purposes and also for risk management purposes, such as to reduce the duration and interest rate sensitivity of the Funds portfolio, and for leveraging purposes. While structured instruments may offer the potential for a favorable rate of return from time to time, they also entail certain risks. Structured instruments may be less liquid than other debt securities, and the price of structured instruments may be more volatile. In some cases, depending on the terms of the embedded index, a structured instrument may provide that the principal and/or interest payments may be adjusted below zero. Structured instruments also may involve significant credit risk and risk of default by the counterparty. Structured instruments may also be illiquid. Like other sophisticated strategies, the Funds use of structured instruments may not work as intended. If the value of the embedded index changes in a manner other than that expected by PIMCO, principal and/or interest payments received on the structured instrument may be substantially less than expected. Also, if PIMCO chooses to use structured instruments to reduce the duration of the Funds portfolio, this may limit the Funds return when having a longer duration would be beneficial (for instance, when interest rates decline).
Credit-Linked Trust Certificates
The Fund may invest in credit-linked trust certificates, which are investments in a limited purpose trust or other vehicle which, in turn, invests in a basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, total return swaps, interest rate swaps or other securities, in order to provide exposure to the high yield or another debt securities market. Like an investment in a bond, investments in credit-linked trust certificates represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the certificate. However, these payments are conditioned on the trusts receipt of payments from, and the trusts
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potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests. For instance, the trust may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the trust would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the trust would be obligated to pay to the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that the Fund would receive as an investor in the trust. The Funds investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk, valuation risk and management risk. It is expected that the trusts that issue credit-linked trust certificates will constitute private investment companies, exempt from registration under the 1940 Act. Therefore, the certificates will not be subject to applicable investment limitations and other regulation imposed by the 1940 Act (although the Fund will remain subject to such limitations and regulation, including with respect to its investments in the certificates). Although the trusts are typically private investment companies, they generally are not actively managed such as a hedge fund might be. It also is expected that the certificates will be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the certificates and they may constitute illiquid investments. See Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk. If market quotations are not readily available for the certificates, they will be valued by the Fund at fair value as determined by the Board or persons acting at its direction. See Net Asset Value. The Fund may lose its entire investment in a credit-linked trust certificate.
Rule 144A Securities
The Fund may invest in securities that have not been registered for public sale, but that are eligible for purchase and sale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the Fund, to trade in privately placed securities that have not been registered for sale under the 1933 Act.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies, including without limitation ETFs, to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Funds investment objectives, strategies and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest in other investment companies to gain broad market or sector exposure, including during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash (such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of the offering of its Common Shares) or when PIMCO believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values. The Fund treats its investments in other investment companies that invest primarily in types of securities in which the Fund may invest directly as investments in such types of securities for purposes of the Funds investment policies (e.g., the Funds investment in an investment company that invests primarily in debt securities will be treated by the Fund as an investment in a debt security). As a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund would bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses and would remain subject to payment of the Funds management fees and other expenses with respect to assets so invested. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. The securities of other investment companies may be leveraged, in which case the NAV and/or market value of the investment companys shares will be more volatile than unleveraged investments. See Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage Risk.
Common Stocks and Other Equity Securities
The Fund will not normally invest directly in common stocks of operating companies. However, the Fund may own and hold common stocks of operating companies in its portfolio from time to time in connection with a corporate action, or the restructuring of a debt instrument or through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund. For instance, in connection with the restructuring of a debt instrument, either outside of bankruptcy court or in the context of bankruptcy court proceedings, the Fund may determine or be required to accept common stocks or other equity securities in exchange for all or a portion of the debt instrument. Depending upon, among other things, PIMCOs evaluation of the potential value of such securities in relation to the price that could be obtained by the Fund at any given time upon sale thereof, the Fund may determine to hold these equity securities in its portfolio.
Although common stocks and other equity securities have historically generated higher average returns than debt securities over the long term, they also have experienced significantly more volatility in those returns and in certain years have significantly underperformed relative to debt securities. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular equity security held by the Fund. Also, prices of common stocks and other equity securities are sensitive to general movements in the equity markets and a decline in those markets may depress the prices of the equity securities held by the Fund. The prices of equity securities fluctuate for many different reasons, including changes in investors perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market or when political or economic events affecting the issuer occur. In addition, prices of equity securities may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. The Fund may invest in common shares of pooled vehicles, such as those of other investment companies, and in common shares of REITS.
Alternative Lending ABS
The Fund may invest, either directly or indirectly through its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, in Alt Lending ABS backed by consumer, residential or other loans, issued by an SPE sponsored by an online or alternative lending platform or an affiliate thereof.
When purchasing Alt Lending ABS collateralized by loans, the Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria. Accordingly, certain loans underlying any Alt Lending ABS purchased by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality. Alternative lending, which may include or sometimes be referred to as peer-to-peer lending, online lending or marketplace lending, is a method of financing in which an alternative lending platform (i.e., an online lending marketplace or lender
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that is not a traditional lender, such as a bank) facilitates the borrowing and lending of money while generally not relying on deposits for capital to fund loans. It is considered an alternative to more traditional debt financing done through a bank. There are several different models of alternative lending but, very generally, a platform typically matches consumers, small or medium-sized businesses or other types of borrowers with investors that are interested in gaining investment exposure to the loans made to such borrowers. Prospective borrowers are usually required to provide or give access to certain financial information to the platform, such as the intended purpose of the loan, income, employment information, credit score, debt-to-income ratio, credit history (including defaults and delinquencies) and home ownership status, and, in the case of small business loans, business financial statements and personal credit information regarding any guarantor, some of which information is made available to prospective lenders. Often, platforms charge fees to borrowers to cover these screening and administrative costs. Based on this and other relevant supplemental information, the platform usually assigns its own credit rating to the borrower and sets the interest rate for the requested borrowing. Platforms then post the borrowing requests online and investors may choose among the loans, based on the interest rates the loans are expected to yield less any servicing or origination fees charged by the platform or others involved in the lending arrangement, the background data provided on the borrowers and the credit rating assigned by the platform. In some cases, a platform partners with a bank to originate a loan to a borrower, after which the bank sells the loan to the platform or directly to the investor; alternatively, some platforms may originate loans themselves. Some investors, including the Fund, may not review the particular characteristics of the loans in which they invest at the time of investment, but rather negotiate in advance with platforms the general criteria of the investments, as described above. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the platforms ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each loan and borrower.
Platforms may set minimum eligibility standards for borrowers to participate in alternative lending arrangements and may limit the maximum permitted borrowings. Depending on the purpose and nature of the loan, its term may, for example, be as short as six months or shorter, or as long as thirty years or longer.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, in which the Fund purchases a security from a bank or broker-dealer and the bank or broker-dealer agrees to repurchase the security at the Funds cost plus interest within a specified time. If the party agreeing to repurchase should default, the Fund will seek to sell the securities it holds. This could involve transaction costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid investments.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
The Fund may purchase securities that it is eligible to purchase on a when-issued basis, may purchase and sell such securities for delayed delivery and may make contracts to purchase such securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond normal settlement time (forward commitments). When-issued transactions, delayed delivery purchases and forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the securities declines prior to the settlement date. The risk is in addition to the risk that the Funds other assets will decline in value. Therefore, these transactions may result in a form of leverage and increase the Funds overall investment exposure. Typically, no income accrues on securities the Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund may earn income on securities it has segregated to cover these positions. When the Fund has sold a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a transaction fails to pay for the securities, the Fund could suffer a loss. Additionally, when selling a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis without owning the security, the Fund will incur a loss if the securitys price appreciates in value such that the securitys price is above the agreed-upon price on the settlement date.
Short Sales
A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security or other instrument that it does not own in anticipation that the market price will decline. The Fund may use short sales for investment purposes or for hedging and risk management purposes. The Fund may also take short positions with respect to the performance of securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies and other assets or markets through the use of derivative or forward instruments. When the Fund engages in a short sale of a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and would often be obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities. The Funds obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the Funds custodian in the name of the lender. The Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to cover its short position at a time when the securities have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Fund may engage in so-called naked short sales when it does not own or have the immediate right to acquire the security sold short at no additional cost, in which case the Funds losses theoretically could be unlimited. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and securities being hedged if the short sale is being used for hedging purposes. See Derivatives and Principal Risks of the FundShort Sales Risk. See also Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk and Principal Risks of the FundSegregation and Coverage Risk. The Fund may engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and other federal securities laws.
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Subsidiaries
The Fund may execute its strategy by investing through its Subsidiaries. The Fund does not currently intend to sell or transfer all or any portion of its ownership interest in a Subsidiary. The Fund reserves the right to establish additional Subsidiaries through which the Fund may execute its strategy.
Lending of Portfolio Securities
For the purpose of achieving income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers or other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. See Investment Objectives and PoliciesLoans of Portfolio Securities in the Statement of Additional Information for details. When the Fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned. The Fund will also receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent, or the risk of loss due to the investment performance of the collateral. The Fund may pay lending fees to the party arranging the loan.
Portfolio Turnover
The length of time the Fund has held a particular security is not generally a consideration in investment decisions. A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as portfolio turnover. The Fund may engage in frequent and active trading of portfolio securities to achieve its investment objectives, particularly during periods of volatile market movements. High portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100%) generally involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Sales of portfolio securities may also result in realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains (which are generally treated as ordinary income upon distribution in the form of dividends). The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Funds performance.
Please see Investment Objectives and Policies in the Statement of Additional Information for additional information regarding the investments of the Fund and their related risks.
The Fund may obtain leverage through reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or borrowings, such as through bank loans or commercial paper or other credit facilities. The Fund may also enter into transactions other than those noted above that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, credit default swaps, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will limit its use of leverage from any combination of (i) reverse repurchase agreements or dollar roll transactions (whether or not these instruments are covered as discussed below), (ii), borrowings (i.e., loans or lines of credit from banks or other credit facilities), (iii) any future issuance of preferred shares, and (iv) to the extent described below, credit default swaps, other swap agreements and futures contracts (whether or not these instruments are covered with segregated assets as discussed below) such that the assets attributable to the use of such leverage will not exceed 50% of the Funds total assets (including, for purposes of the 50% limit, the amounts of leverage obtained through the use of such instruments) (the 50% policy). For these purposes, assets attributable to the use of leverage from credit default swaps, other swap agreements and futures contracts will be determined based on the current market value of the instrument if it is cash settled or based on the notional value of the instrument if it is not cash settled. In addition, assets attributable to credit default swaps, other swap agreements or futures contracts will not be counted towards the 50% policy to the extent that the Fund owns offsetting positions or enters into offsetting transactions.
Depending upon market conditions and other factors, the Fund may or may not determine to add leverage following an offering to maintain or increase the total amount of leverage (as a percentage of the Funds total assets) that the Fund currently maintains, taking into account the additional assets raised through the issuance of Common Shares in such offering. The Fund utilizes certain kinds of leverage, such as reverse repurchase agreements and credit default swaps, opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of such leverage over time and from time to time based on PIMCOs assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. If the Fund determines to add leverage following an offering, it is not possible to predict with accuracy the precise amount of leverage that would be added, in part because it is not possible to predict the number of Common Shares that ultimately will be sold in an offering or series of offerings. To the extent that the Fund does not add additional leverage following an offering, the Funds total amount of leverage as a percentage of its total assets will decrease, which could result in a reduction of investment income available for distribution to Common Shareholders.
The net proceeds the Fund obtains from reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or other forms of leverage utilized, if any, will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. So long as the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the debt obligations and other investments purchased by the Fund exceeds the costs to the Fund of the leverage it utilizes, the investment of the Funds net assets attributable to leverage will generate more income than will be needed to pay the costs of the leverage. If so, and all other things being equal, the excess may be used to pay higher dividends to Common Shareholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from engaging in most forms of leverage (including the use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, bank loans, commercial paper or other credit facilities, credit default swaps, total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, to the extent that these instruments are not
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
covered as described below) unless immediately after the issuance of the leverage the Fund has satisfied the asset coverage test with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness prescribed by the 1940 Act; that is, the value of the Funds total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, total net assets) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness to 33 1/3% of the Funds total net assets, including assets attributable to such leverage). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, this asset coverage test is satisfied. The Fund may (but is not required to) cover its commitments under reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, derivatives and certain other instruments by the segregation of liquid assets, or by entering into offsetting transactions or owning positions covering its obligations. To the extent that certain of these instruments are so covered, they will not be considered senior securities under the 1940 Act and therefore will not be subject to the 1940 Act 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to forms of senior securities representing indebtedness used by the Fund. However, reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and other such instruments, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and create special risks. The use of these forms of leverage increases the volatility of the Funds investment portfolio and could result in larger losses to Common Shareholders than if these strategies were not used. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk. To the extent that the Fund engages in borrowings, it may prepay a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default.
Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs involved. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls or borrowings, issue preferred shares or utilize any other forms of leverage (such as the use of derivatives strategies). If used, there can be no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategies will result in a higher yield on your Common Shares. When leverage is used, the NAV and market price of the Common Shares and the yield to Common Shareholders will be more volatile. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk. In addition, dividend, interest and other costs and expenses borne by the Fund with respect to its use of reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls, borrowings or any other forms of leverage are borne by the Common Shareholders and result in a reduction of the NAV of the Common Shares. In addition, because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the Funds average daily total managed assets (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, borrowings and preferred shares), which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Shareholders, on the other hand.
The Fund also may borrow money in order to repurchase its shares or as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including for the payment of dividends or the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of portfolio securities held by the Fund.
Effects of Leverage
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effects of leverage through the use of senior securities, as that term is defined under Section 18 of the 1940 Act, on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Funds portfolio) of -10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. Although the Fund does not currently have a class of senior securities outstanding, the table below reflects the Funds continued use of covered reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2019 representing approximately 45.55% of the Funds total managed assets (including assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements) at an estimated annual effective interest expense rate of 2.94% payable by the Fund on such instruments (based on market conditions as of June 30, 2019). Based on such estimated annual effective interest expense rate, the annual return that the Funds portfolio must experience (net of expenses) in order to cover such costs of the reverse repurchase agreements is 1.34%. The information below does not reflect the Funds use of certain other forms of economic leverage achieved through the use of other instruments or transactions not considered to be senior securities under the 1940 Act, such as covered credit default swaps or other derivative instruments. The assumed investment portfolio returns in the table below are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Fund. Your actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing below. In addition, actual borrowing expenses associated with reverse repurchase agreements (or dollar rolls or borrowings, if any) used by the Fund may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example below.
Assumed Portfolio Total Return |
(10.00 | )% | (5.00 | )% | 0.00 | % | 5.00 | % | 10.00 | % | ||||||||||
Common Share Total Return |
(20.83 | )% | (11.65 | )% | (2.46 | )% | 6.72 | % | 15.90 | % |
Common Share total return is composed of two elementsthe Common Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying dividend payments on any preferred shares issued by the Fund and expenses on any forms of leverage outstanding) and gains or losses on the value of the securities and other instruments the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must assume that the income it receives on its investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments. This table reflects hypothetical performance of the Funds portfolio and not the actual performance of the Funds Common Shares, the value of which is determined by market forces and other factors.
Should the Fund elect to add additional leverage to its portfolio following an offering, any benefits of such additional leverage cannot be fully
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achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of such leverage have been received by the Fund and invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies. As noted above, the Funds willingness to use additional leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including, among other things, PIMCOs assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors.
The Fund is subject to the principal risks noted below, whether through the Funds direct investments, investments by its Subsidiaries or derivatives positions.
Market Discount Risk
As with any stock, the price of the Funds Common Shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If you sell your Common Shares, the price received may be more or less than your original investment. NAV of the Funds Common Shares will be reduced immediately following an offering by any sales load and/or commissions and offering expenses paid or reimbursed by the Fund in connection with such offering. The completion of an offering may result in an immediate dilution of the NAV per Common Share for all existing Common Shareholders. The Common Shares are designed for long-term investors and should not be treated as trading vehicles. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. The Common Shares may trade at a price that is less than the offering price for Common Shares issued pursuant to an offering. This risk may be greater for investors who sell their Common Shares relatively shortly after completion of an offering.
Market Risk
The market price of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, adverse changes to credit markets or adverse investor sentiment generally. The value of a security may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. In addition, market risk includes the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt the economy on a national or global level. The current contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events within the United States and abroad, such as the U.S. governments inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, has in the past resulted, and may in the future result, in a government shutdown, which could have an adverse impact on the Funds investments and operations. Additional and/or prolonged U.S. federal government shutdowns may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. Any market disruptions could also prevent the Fund from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner.
Current market conditions may pose heightened risks with respect to the Funds investment in fixed income securities. As discussed more under Principal Risks of the FundInterest Rate Risk, interest rates in the U.S. are near historically low levels. Any interest rate increases in the future could cause the value of the Fund to decrease. As such, fixed income securities markets may experience heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risk.
Exchanges and securities markets may close early, close late or issue trading halts on specific securities, which may result in, among other things, the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments at an advantageous time or accurately price its portfolio investments.
Asset Allocation Risk
The Funds investment performance depends upon how its assets are allocated and reallocated. A principal risk of investing in the Fund is that PIMCO may make less than optimal or poor asset allocation decisions. PIMCO employs an active approach to allocation among multiple fixed income sectors, but there is no guarantee that such allocation techniques will produce the desired results. It is possible that PIMCO will focus on an investment that performs poorly or underperforms other investments under various market conditions. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund as a result of these allocation decisions.
Management Risk
The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. PIMCO and each individual portfolio manager will apply investment techniques and risk analysis in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results. Certain securities or other instruments in which the Fund seeks to invest may not be available in the quantities desired. In addition, regulatory restrictions, actual or potential conflicts of interest or other considerations may cause PIMCO to restrict or prohibit participation in certain investments. In such circumstances, PIMCO or the individual portfolio managers may determine to purchase other securities or instruments as substitutes. Such substitute securities or instruments may not perform as intended, which could result in losses to the Fund. To the extent the Fund employs strategies targeting perceived pricing inefficiencies, arbitrage strategies or similar strategies, it is subject to the risk that the pricing or valuation of the securities and instruments involved in such strategies may change unexpectedly, which may result in reduced returns or losses to the Fund. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax restrictions, policies or developments may affect the investment techniques available to PIMCO and each individual portfolio manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. There also can be no assurance that all of the personnel of PIMCO will continue to be associated with PIMCO for any length of time. The loss of the services of one or more key employees of PIMCO could have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to realize its investment objectives.
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
In addition, the Fund may rely on various third-party sources to calculate its net asset value. As a result, the Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on service providers and service providers data sources. In particular, errors or systems failures and other technological issues may adversely impact the Funds calculations of its net asset value, and such net asset value calculation issues may result in inaccurately calculated net asset values, delays in net asset value calculation and/or the inability to calculate net asset values over extended periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Issuer Risk
The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets. A change in the financial condition of a single issuer may affect securities markets as a whole. These risks can apply to the Common Shares issued by the Fund and to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities and other instruments in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result of movements in interest rates.
A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic conditions, etc.). This is especially true under current conditions because interest rates and bond yields are near historically low levels. Thus, the Fund currently faces a heightened level of risk associated with rising interest rates and/or bond yields. This could be driven by a variety of factors, including but not limited to central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, increasing bond issuances or reduced market demand for low yielding investments.
Rising interest rates may result in a decline in value of the Funds fixed income investments and in periods of volatility.
Credit Risk
The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security (including a security purchased with securities lending collateral), or the counterparty to a derivatives contract, repurchase agreement or a loan of portfolio securities, is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The downgrade of the credit of a security held by the Fund may decrease its value. Securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. Measures such as average credit quality may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of the Fund. This is especially the case if the Fund consists of securities with widely varying credit ratings. Credit risk is greater to the extent the Fund uses leverage or derivatives in connection with the management of the Fund.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers
The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations CMOs, commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, SMBSs and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. The Fund may also invest in other types of asset-backed securities, CDOs, which include CBOs, CLOs and other similarly structured securities. See Portfolio ContentsMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in this prospectus and Investment Objectives and PoliciesMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in the Statement of Additional Information for a description of the various mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities in which the Fund may invest and their related risks.
Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages or other assets such as consumer loans or receivables held in trust and often involve risks that are different from or possibly more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. Generally, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of fixed rate mortgage-related securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the Fund may exhibit additional volatility since individual mortgage holders are less likely to exercise prepayment options, thereby putting additional downward pressure on the value of these securities and potentially causing the Fund to lose money. The Funds investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-related securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. Payment of principal and interest on asset-backed securities may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities, and asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of any security interest in the related assets. See Principal Risks of the Fund Subprime Risks and Principal Risks of the FundMortgage Market Risk.
The Fund may also invest in the residual or equity tranches of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which may be referred to as subordinate mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities and interest-only mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities. The Fund expects that investments in subordinate mortgage-backed and other asset-backed instruments will be subject to risks arising from delinquencies and foreclosures, thereby exposing its investment portfolio to potential losses. Subordinate mortgage-backed and other asset-backed instruments are also subject to greater credit risk than those mortgage- backed or other asset-backed securities that are more highly rated.
There are multiple tranches of mortgage-backed and asset-backed-securities, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine, and subordinated/equity or
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first loss, according to their degree of risk. The most senior tranche of a mortgage-backed or asset-backed security has the greatest collateralization and pays the lowest interest rate. If there are defaults or the collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Lower tranches represent lower degrees of credit quality and pay higher interest rates intended to compensate for the attendant risks. The return on the lower tranches is especially sensitive to the rate of defaults in the collateral pool. The lowest tranche (i.e., the equity or residual tranche) specifically receives the residual interest payments (i.e., money that is left over after the higher tranches have been paid and expenses of the issuing entities have been paid) rather than a fixed interest rate. Because an investment in the residual or equity tranche of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed instrument will be the first to bear losses incurred by such instrument, these investments may involve a significantly greater degree of risk than investments in other tranches of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed instruments.
Privately-Issued Mortgage-Related Securities Risk
There are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in pools created by non-governmental issuers. Privately-issued mortgage-related securities are also not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee.
Privately-issued mortgage-related securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Funds portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
Mortgage Market Risk
The mortgage markets in the United States and in various foreign countries have experienced extreme difficulties in the past that adversely affected the performance and market value of certain of the Funds mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential and commercial mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) may increase, and a decline in or flattening of housing and other real property values may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. In addition, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.
High Yield Securities Risk
In general, lower rated debt securities carry a greater degree of risk that the issuer will lose its ability to make interest and principal payments, which could have a negative effect on the NAV of the Funds Common Shares or Common Share dividends. Securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. High yield securities involve a greater risk of default and their prices are generally more volatile and sensitive to actual or perceived negative developments, such as a decline in the issuers revenues or revenues of underlying borrowers or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain rating agencies. The Fund may purchase distressed securities that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy, which involve heightened risks. See Principal Risks of the FundDistressed and Defaulted Securities Risk. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. Lower-rated securities are generally less liquid than higher-rated securities, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds ability to dispose of a particular security. For example, under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for below investment grade securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, and certain securities in the Funds portfolio may become illiquid or less liquid. As a result, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell these securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. See Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk. To the extent the Fund focuses on below investment grade debt obligations, PIMCOs capabilities in analyzing credit quality and associated risks will be particularly important, and there can be no assurance that PIMCO will be successful in this regard. See Portfolio Contents High Yield Securities for additional information. Due to the risks involved in investing in high yield securities, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.
The Funds credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency or PIMCO downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, PIMCO may consider factors including, but not limited to, PIMCOs assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. Analysis of creditworthiness may be more complex for issuers of high yield securities than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.
Distressed and Defaulted Securities Risk
As noted above, the Fund may invest in the debt securities of financially distressed issuers, including those that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy. Investments in the securities of financially distressed issuers involve substantial risks. These securities may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default at the time of investment. In addition, these securities may fluctuate more in price, and are typically less liquid than other higher-rated debt securities. The Fund also will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when, and in what manner, and for what value obligations evidenced by securities of financially distressed issuers will eventually be satisfied (e.g., through a liquidation of the issuers assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization, or a payment of some amount in
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
satisfaction of the obligation). Defaulted obligations might be repaid only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.
Also among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of such issuer. PIMCOs judgments about the credit quality of a financially distressed issuer and the relative value of its securities may prove to be wrong.
Inflation-Indexed Security Risk
Inflation-indexed debt securities are subject to the effects of changes in market interest rates caused by factors other than inflation (real interest rates). In general, the value of an inflation-indexed security, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), tends to decrease when real interest rates increase and can increase when real interest rates decrease. Thus generally, during periods of rising inflation, the value of inflation-indexed securities will tend to increase and during periods of deflation, their value will tend to decrease. Interest payments on inflation-indexed securities are unpredictable and will fluctuate as the principal and interest are adjusted for inflation. There can be no assurance that the inflation index used (i.e., the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI)) will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Increases in the principal value of TIPS due to inflation are considered taxable ordinary income for the amount of the increase in the calendar year. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed debt security will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive the principal until maturity. Additionally, a CPI swap can potentially lose value if the realized rate of inflation over the life of the swap is less than the fixed market implied inflation rate (fixed breakeven rate) that the investor agrees to pay at the initiation of the swap. With municipal inflation-indexed securities, the inflation adjustment is integrated into the coupon payment, which is federally tax exempt (and may be state tax exempt). For municipal inflation-indexed securities, there is no adjustment to the principal value. Because municipal inflation-indexed securities are a small component of the municipal bond market, they may be less liquid than conventional municipal bonds.
Senior Debt Risk
Because it may invest in below-investment grade senior debt, the Fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk than funds that do not invest in such debt. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in senior debt. Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly available information and other factors may, in certain instances, make senior debt more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. Additionally, if the issuer of senior debt prepays, the Fund will have to consider reinvesting the proceeds in other senior debt or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates.
Loans and Other Indebtedness; Loan Participations and Assignments Risk
Loan interests may take the form of (i) direct interests acquired during a primary distribution or (ii) assignments of, novations of or participations in all or a portion of a loan acquired in secondary markets. In addition to credit risk and interest rate risk, the Funds exposure to loan interests may be subject to additional risks. For example, purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. Loans are subject to the risk that scheduled interest or principal payments will not be made in a timely manner or at all, either of which may adversely affect the value of the loan. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Funds share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer the Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, the collateral underlying a loan may be unavailable or insufficient to satisfy a borrowers obligation, and the Fund could become part owner of any collateral if a loan is foreclosed, subjecting the Fund to costs associated with owning and disposing of the collateral.
Investments in loans through a purchase of a loan or a direct assignment of a financial institutions interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks to the Fund. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become owner, in whole or in part, of any collateral, which could include, among other assets, real estate or other real or personal property, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and holding or disposing of the collateral.
While the purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning lender, assignments may be arranged through private negotiations and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. In connection with purchasing loan participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the loan participation. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Certain loan participations may be structured in a manner designed to prevent purchasers of participations from being subject to the credit risk of the lender with respect to the participation, but even under such a structure, in the event of the lenders insolvency, the lenders servicing of the participation may be delayed and the assignability of the participation impaired.
The Fund may have difficulty disposing of loans and loan participations because to do so it will have to assign or sell such securities to a third party. Because there is no liquid market for many such securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Funds ability to
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Base Prospectus
dispose of particular loans and loan participations when that would be desirable, including in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for loans and loan participations also may make it more difficult for the Fund to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing the Funds portfolio.
To the extent the Fund acquires loans, including bank loans and alternative lending platform loans, the Fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call (or prepayment) risk, settlement risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. These instruments are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuers continuing ability to make principal and interest payments and may be more volatile than other types of securities. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in loans. In addition, the loans in which the Fund invests may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such loans may be comparatively illiquid relative to markets for other more liquid fixed income securities. Consequently, transactions in loans may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded securities. In connection with certain loan transactions, transaction costs that are borne by the Fund may include the expenses of third parties that are retained to assist with reviewing and conducting diligence, negotiating, structuring and servicing a loan transaction, and/or providing other services in connection therewith. Furthermore, the Fund may incur such costs in connection with loan transactions that are pursued by the Fund but not ultimately consummated (so-called broken deal costs).
Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may, in certain circumstances, make loans more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in the Fund being unable to realize full value for the loans and/or may result in the Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a loan for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to the Fund. Some loans may have extended trade settlement periods, including settlement periods of greater than 7 days, which may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. If an issuer of a loan prepays or redeems the loan prior to maturity, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other loans or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates. Because of the risks involved in investing in loans, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.
The Funds investments in subordinated and unsecured loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in secured loans. Subordinated or unsecured loans are lower in priority of payment to secured loans and are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt, which are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral.
Loans may not be considered securities, and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws. Because there is limited public information available regarding loan investments, the Fund is particularly dependent on the analytical abilities of the Funds portfolio managers. These issues may be particularly pronounced with respect to loans made to individuals.
Economic exposure to loan interests through the use of derivative transactions may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the loan interest directly during a primary distribution, through direct originations, or through assignments of, novations of or participations in a loan acquired in secondary markets since, in addition to the risks described above, certain derivative transactions may be subject to leverage risk and greater illiquidity risk, counterparty risk, valuation risk and other risks.
Subprime Risk
Loans, and debt instruments collateralized by loans (including Alt Lending ABS), acquired by the Fund may be subprime in quality, or may become subprime in quality. Although there is no specific legal or market definition of subprime, subprime loans are generally understood to refer to loans made to borrowers that display poor credit histories and other characteristics that correlate with a higher default risk. Accordingly, subprime loans, and debt instruments secured by such loans (including Alt Lending ABS), have speculative characteristics and are subject to heightened risks, including the risk of nonpayment of interest or repayment of principal, and the risks associated with investments in high yield securities. In addition, these instruments could be subject to increased regulatory scrutiny. The Fund is not restricted by any particular borrower credit criteria when acquiring loans or debt instruments collateralized by loans.
Privacy and Data Security Laws
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) and other laws limit the disclosure of certain non-public personal information about a consumer to non-affiliated third parties and require financial institutions to disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with both affiliates and non-affiliated third parties. Many states and a number of non-U.S. jurisdictions have enacted privacy and data security laws requiring safeguards on the privacy and security of consumers personally identifiable information. Other laws deal with obligations to safeguard and dispose of private information in a manner designed to avoid its dissemination. Privacy rules adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and SEC implement GLBA and other requirements and govern the disclosure of consumer financial information by certain financial institutions, ranging from banks to private investment funds. U.S. platforms following certain models generally are required to have privacy policies that conform to these GLBA and other requirements. In addition, such platforms typically have policies and procedures intended to maintain platform participants personal information securely and dispose of it properly.
The Fund generally does not intend to obtain or hold borrowers non-public personal information, and the Fund intends to implement procedures designed to prevent the disclosure of borrowers non-public personal information to the Fund. However, service providers to the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries, including their custodians and the platforms acting as loan servicers for the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries, may obtain, hold or process such information. The Fund cannot guarantee the security of non-public personal information in the possession of such a service provider and cannot guarantee that service
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providers have been and will continue to comply with GLBA, other data security and privacy laws and any other related regulatory requirements. Violations of GLBA and other laws could subject the Fund to litigation and/ or fines, penalties or other regulatory action, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have an adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may also face regulations related to privacy and data security in the other jurisdictions in which the Fund invests.
Platform Risk
If the Fund purchases Alt Lending ABS on an alternative lending platform, the Fund will have the right to receive principal and interest payments due on loans underlying the Alt Lending ABS only if the platform servicing the loans receives the borrowers payments on such loans and passes such payments through to the Fund. If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal or interest due, as (among other reasons) the Fund may not have direct recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its rights under the loan, whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated, the loan may be unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable to commence a legal proceeding against the defaulting borrower.
The Fund may have limited knowledge about the underlying loans and is dependent upon the platform for information regarding underlying loans. PIMCO may perform diligence on the platforms that issue the Alt Lending ABS or the underlying loans. Among other factors, PIMCO may evaluate the process by which each platform extends loans and loan-related services to borrowers, as well as general characteristics of the loans made available through each platform. PIMCO may also engage a loan verification agent or other third party to perform confirmatory diligence on samples of loans, either prior to or following purchase. Although the Fund conducts this diligence on the platforms, the Fund generally does not have the ability to independently verify the information provided by the platforms, other than payment information regarding loans and other alternative lending-related instruments owned by the Fund, which the Fund observes directly as payments are received. With respect to alternative lending instruments that the Fund purchases in the secondary market (i.e., not directly from an alternative lending platform), the Fund may not perform the same level of diligence on such platform or at all. The Fund may not review the particular characteristics of the loans collateralizing an Alt Lending ABS, but rather negotiate in advance with platforms the general criteria of the underlying loans. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the platforms ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each loan and borrower.
The Fund relies on the borrowers credit information, which is provided by the platforms. However, such information may be out of date, incomplete or inaccurate and may, therefore, not accurately reflect the borrowers actual creditworthiness. Platforms may not have an obligation to update borrower information, and, therefore, the Fund may not be aware of any impairment in a borrowers creditworthiness subsequent to the making of a particular loan. The platforms credit decisions and scoring models may be based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or prove to be ineffective or otherwise flawed. This could adversely affect loan pricing data and approval processes and could cause loans to be mispriced or misclassified, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the Funds performance.
In addition, the underlying loans, in some cases, may be affected by the success of the platforms through which they are facilitated. Therefore, disruptions in the businesses of such platforms may also negatively impact the value of the Funds investments. In addition, disruption in the business of a platform could limit or eliminate the ability of the Fund to invest in loans originated by that platform, and therefore the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of its diligence effort with respect to that platform.
Platforms are for-profit businesses that, as a general matter, generate revenue by collecting fees on funded loans from borrowers and by assessing a loan servicing fee on investors, which may be a fixed annual amount or a percentage of the loan or amounts collected. This business could be disrupted in multiple ways; for example, a platform could file for bankruptcy or a platform might suffer reputational harm from negative publicity about the platform or alternative lending more generally and the loss of investor confidence in the event that a loan facilitated through the platform is not repaid and the investor loses money on its investment. Many platforms and/or their affiliates have incurred operating losses since their inception and may continue to incur net losses in the future, particularly as their businesses grow and they incur additional operating expenses Platforms may also be forced to defend legal action taken by regulators or governmental bodies. Alternative lending is a newer industry operating in an evolving legal environment. Platforms may be subject to risk of litigation alleging violations of law and/or regulations, including, for example, consumer protection laws, whether in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions. Platforms may be unsuccessful in defending against such lawsuits or other actions and, in addition to the costs incurred in fighting any such actions, platforms may be required to pay money in connection with the judgments, settlements or fines or may be forced to modify the terms of its borrower loans, which could cause the platform to realize a loss or receive a lower return on a loan than originally anticipated. Platforms may also be parties to litigation or other legal action in an attempt to protect or enforce their rights or those of affiliates, including intellectual property rights, and may incur similar costs in connection with any such efforts.
The Funds investments in Alt Lending ABS may expose the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer. Generally, such instruments are unsecured obligations of the issuer; an issuer that becomes subject to bankruptcy proceedings may be unable to make full and timely payments on its obligations to the Fund, even if the payments on the underlying loan or loans continue to be made timely and in full. In addition, when the Fund owns Alt Lending ABS, the Fund and its custodian generally does not have a contractual relationship with, or personally identifiable information regarding, individual borrowers, so the Fund will not be able to enforce underlying loans directly against borrowers and may not be able to appoint an alternative servicing agent in the event that a platform or third-party servicer, as applicable, ceases to service the underlying loans. Therefore, the Fund is more dependent on the platform for servicing than if the Fund had owned whole loans through the platform. Where such interests are secured, the Fund relies on the platform to perfect the Funds security interest. In addition, there may be a delay between the time the Fund commits to
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purchase an instrument issued by a platform, its affiliate or a special purpose entity sponsored by the platform or its affiliate and the issuance of such instrument and, during such delay, the funds committed to such an investment will not earn interest on the investment nor will they be available for investment in other alternative lending-related instruments, which will reduce the effective rate of return on the investment.
Reinvestment Risk
Income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Fund to invest in lower-yielding securities. The Fund also may choose to sell higher yielding portfolio securities and to purchase lower yielding securities to achieve greater portfolio diversification, because the portfolio managers believe the current holdings are overvalued or for other investment-related reasons. A decline in income received by the Fund from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on dividend levels and the market price, NAV and/or overall return of the Common Shares.
Call Risk
Call risk refers to the possibility that an issuer may exercise its right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuers credit quality). If an issuer calls a security in which the Fund has invested, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk
The Fund may invest in foreign (non-U.S.) securities and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than the Fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign (non-U.S.) securities are usually not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, and conditions and events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Funds investments in a foreign country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in foreign (non-U.S.) securities. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks associated with foreign (non-U.S.) investments. Foreign (non-U.S.) securities may also be less liquid and more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers.
The Fund may face potential risks associated with the referendum on the United Kingdoms continued membership in the EU, which resulted in a vote for the United Kingdom to leave the EU (commonly known as Brexit). Given the size and importance of the United Kingdoms economy, the vote to leave the EU may result in substantial volatility in foreign exchange markets and may lead to a sustained weakness in the British pounds exchange rate against the United States dollar, the euro and other currencies, which may impact Fund returns. The vote to leave the EU may also result in a sustained period of market uncertainty, as the United Kingdom seeks to negotiate the terms of its exit. In this regard, there is a significant degree of uncertainty about how negotiations relating to the United Kingdoms withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for Brexit. The vote to leave the EU may also destabilize some or all of the other EU member countries and/or the Eurozone. These developments could result in losses to the Fund, as there may be negative effects on the value of the Funds investments and/or on the Funds ability to enter into certain transactions or value certain investments, and these developments may make it more difficult for the Fund to exit certain investments at an advantageous time or price. Such events could result from, among other things, increased uncertainty and volatility in the United Kingdom, the EU and other financial markets; fluctuations in asset values; fluctuations in exchange rates; decreased liquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the United Kingdom, the EU or elsewhere; changes in the willingness or ability of financial and other counterparties to enter into transactions or the price and terms on which other counterparties are willing to transact; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which Fund investments are or become subject. Any of these events, as well as an exit or expulsion of an EU member state other than the United Kingdom from the EU, could negatively impact Fund returns.
The Fund may invest in securities and instruments that are economically tied to Russia. Investments in Russia are subject to various risks such as political, economic, legal, market and currency risks. The risks include uncertain political and economic policies, short term market volatility, poor accounting standards, corruption and crime, an inadequate regulatory system, and unpredictable taxation. Investments in Russia are particularly subject to the risk that economic sanctions may be imposed by the United States and/or other countries. Such sanctionswhich may impact companies in many sectors, including energy, financial services and defense, among othersmay negatively impact the Funds performance and/or ability to achieve its investment objectives. The Russian securities market, as compared to U.S. markets, has significant price volatility, less liquidity, a smaller market capitalization and a smaller number of traded securities.
Emerging Markets Risk
Foreign investment risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in securities of issuers based in or doing business in emerging market countries or invests in securities denominated in the currencies of emerging market countries. Investing in securities of issuers based in or doing business in emerging markets entails all of the risks of investing in foreign securities noted above, but to a heightened degree. Also, investing in emerging market countries may entail purchases of securities of issuers that are insolvent, bankrupt or otherwise of questionable ability to satisfy
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their payment obligations as they become due, subjecting the Fund to a greater amount of credit risk and/or high yield risk. See Principal Risks of the Fund - Credit Risk and Principal Risks of the Fund - High Yield Securities Risk.
Investments in emerging market countries pose a greater degree of systemic risk (i.e., the risk of a cascading collapse of multiple institutions within a country, and even multiple national economies). The inter-relatedness of economic and financial institutions within and among emerging market economies has deepened over the years, with the effect that institutional failures and/or economic difficulties that are of initially limited scope may spread throughout a country, a region or even among all or most emerging market countries. This may undermine any attempt by the Fund to reduce risk through geographic diversification of its portfolio investments among emerging market countries.
There is also a risk that an emerging market government may take action that impedes or prevents the Fund from taking income and/or capital gains earned in the local currency and converting into U.S. dollars (i.e., repatriating local currency investments or profits). Certain emerging market countries have sought to maintain foreign exchange reserves and/or address the economic volatility and dislocations caused by the large international capital flows by controlling or restricting the conversion of the local currency into other currencies. This risk tends to become more acute when economic conditions otherwise worsen. There can be no assurance that if the Fund earns income or capital gains in an emerging market currency or PIMCO otherwise seeks to withdraw the Funds investments from a given emerging market country, capital controls imposed by such country will not prevent, or cause significant expense in, doing so.
Currency Risk
The Fund may engage in practices and strategies that will result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in which case the Fund will be subject to foreign currency risk. The Funds Common Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Common Shareholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, because a substantial portion of the Funds assets may be denominated directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, or in derivatives that provide exposure to foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, it will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries. Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Funds portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Common Shareholders. As noted above, the Fund may (but is not required to) seek exposure to foreign currencies, or attempt to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. There is no assurance, however, that these strategies will be available or will be used by the Fund or, if used, that they will be successful. As a result, the Funds investments in foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund.
Redenomination Risk
Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the euro and the EMU has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Funds portfolio investments. If one or more EMU countries were to stop using the euro as its primary currency, the Funds investments in such countries may be redenominated into a different or newly adopted currency. As a result, the value of those investments could decline significantly and unpredictably. In addition, securities or other investments that are redenominated may be subject to foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and valuation risk to a greater extent than similar investments currently denominated in euros. See Principal Risks of the Fund Currency Risk, Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk and Principal Risks of the FundValuation Risk. To the extent a currency used for redenomination purposes is not specified in respect of certain EMU-related investments, or should the euro cease to be used entirely, the currency in which such investments are denominated may be unclear, making such investments particularly difficult to value or dispose of. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek judicial or other clarification of the denomination or value of such securities. There can be no assurance that if the Fund earns income or capital gains in a non-U.S. country or PIMCO otherwise seeks to withdraw the Funds investments from a given country, capital controls imposed by such country will not prevent, or cause significant expense in doing so.
U.S. Government Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in debt securities issued or guaranteed by agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government. Some U.S. Government securities, such as U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and mortgage-related securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or corporation. Although legislation has been enacted to support certain government sponsored entities, including the FHLBs, FHLMC and FNMA, there is no assurance that the obligations of such entities will be satisfied in full, or that such obligations will not decrease in value or default. It is difficult, if not impossible, to predict the future political, regulatory or economic changes that could impact the government sponsored entities and the values of their related securities or obligations. In addition, certain
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governmental entities, including FNMA and FHLMC, have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability or investment character of securities issued by these entities. See Investment Objectives and PoliciesMortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities in the Statement of Additional Information. U.S. Government debt securities generally involve lower levels of credit risk than other types of debt securities of similar maturities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. Government debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from such other securities. Like other debt securities, the values of U.S. Government securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Fluctuations in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income on existing portfolio securities but will be reflected in the Funds NAV.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Government Securities Risk
The Funds investments in Foreign Government Securities can involve a high degree of risk. The foreign governmental entity that controls the repayment of debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entitys willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entitys policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. In the event of a default by a governmental entity, there may be few or no effective legal remedies for collecting on such debt. These risks are particularly severe with respect to the Funds investments in Foreign Government Securities of emerging market countries. See Principal Risks of the FundEmerging Markets Risk. Also, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth, and which may in turn diminish the value of the Funds holdings in emerging market Foreign Government Securities and the currencies in which they are denominated and/or pay revenues.
Convertible Securities Risk
Convertible securities are fixed income securities, preferred securities or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock of the issuer (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at either a stated price or a stated rate. The market values of convertible securities may decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, may increase as interest rates decline. A convertible securitys market value, however, tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than the convertible securitys conversion price. The conversion price is defined as the predetermined price at which the convertible security could be exchanged for the associated stock. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be influenced more by the yield of the convertible security. Thus, it may not decline in price to the same extent as the underlying common stock. In the event of a liquidation of the issuing company, holders of convertible securities may be paid before the companys common stockholders but after holders of any senior debt obligations of the company. Consequently, the issuers convertible securities generally entail less risk than its common stock but more risk than its debt obligations. Convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or not rated because they fall below debt obligations and just above common equity in order of preference or priority on the issuers balance sheet. See Principal Risks of the FundHigh Yield Securities Risk.
Synthetic Convertible Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (income-producing component) and the right to acquire an equity security (convertible component). The values of synthetic convertible securities will respond differently to market fluctuations than a traditional convertible security because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities or instruments, each with its own market value. Synthetic convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with derivatives. See Principal Risks of the FundDerivatives Risk. In addition, if the value of the underlying common stock or the level of the index involved in the convertible element falls below the strike price of the warrant or option, the warrant or option may lose all value.
Contingent Convertible Securities Risk
The risks of investing in CoCos include, without limitation, the risk that interest payments will be cancelled by the issuer or a regulatory authority, the risk of ranking junior to other creditors in the event of a liquidation or other bankruptcy-related event as a result of holding subordinated debt, the risk of the Funds investment becoming further subordinated as a result of conversion from debt to equity, the risk that the principal amount due can be written down to a lesser amount, and the general risks applicable to fixed income investments, including interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk, any of which could result in losses to the Fund. CoCos may experience a loss absorption mechanism trigger event, which would likely be the result of, or related to, the deterioration of the issuers financial condition (e.g., a decrease in the issuers capital ratio) and status as a going concern. In such a case, with respect to CoCos that provide for conversion into common stock upon the occurrence of the trigger event, the market price of the issuers common stock received by the Fund will have likely declined, perhaps substantially, and may continue to decline, which may adversely affect the Funds NAV.
Valuation Risk
When market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be unreliable, the Fund values its investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board. See Net Asset Value. Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a security or other asset. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value pricing will result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets, or that fair value pricing will reflect actual market value, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other
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asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices, from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security or other asset.
Leverage Risk
The Funds use of leverage (as described under Use of Leverage in the body of this prospectus) creates the opportunity for increased Common Share net income, but also creates special risks for Common Shareholders. To the extent used, there is no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategies will be successful. Leverage is a speculative technique that may expose the Fund to greater risk and increased costs. The net proceeds that the Fund obtains from its use of reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls and/or borrowings (as well as from any future issuance of preferred shares) will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. Interest or other expenses payable by the Fund with respect to its reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls and borrowings for dividends payable with respect to any outstanding preferred shares will generally be based on shorter-term interest rates that would be periodically reset. If shorter-term interest rates rise relative to the rate of return on the Funds portfolio, the interest and other costs of leverage to the Fund (including interest expenses on reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings and the dividend rate on any outstanding preferred shares) could exceed the rate of return on the debt obligations and other investments held by the Fund, thereby reducing return to Common Shareholders. In addition, fees and expenses of any form of leverage used by the Fund will be borne entirely by the Common Shareholders (and not by preferred shareholders, if any) and will reduce the investment return of the Common Shares. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the Funds use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the Common Shares, and it may result in losses. In addition, any preferred shares issued by the Fund are expected to pay cumulative dividends, which may tend to increase leverage risk.
Leverage creates several major types of risks for Common Shareholders, including:
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the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of the Common Shares, and of the investment return to Common Shareholders, than a comparable portfolio without leverage;
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the possibility either that the Common Share dividends will fall if the interest and other costs of leverage rise, or that dividends paid on Common Shares will fluctuate because such costs vary over time; and
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the effects of leverage in a declining market or a rising interest rate environment, as leverage is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Common Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged and may result in a greater decline the market value of the Common Shares.
In addition, the counterparties to the Funds leveraging transactions and any preferred shareholders of the Fund will have priority of payment over the Funds Common Shareholders.
The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls to obtain leverage also involves special risks. For instance, the market value of the securities that the Fund is obligated to repurchase under a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll may decline below the repurchase price. See The Funds Investment Objectives and PoliciesPortfolio Contents and Other InformationReverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls.
In addition to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or borrowings (or a future issuance of preferred shares), the Fund may engage in other transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions). The Funds use of such transactions gives rise to associated leverage risks described above, and may adversely affect the Funds income, distributions and total returns to Common Shareholders. The Fund manages some of its derivative positions by segregating an amount of cash or liquid securities equal to the notional value or the market value, as applicable, of those positions. See Principal Risks of the FundSegregation and Coverage Risk. The Fund may also offset derivatives positions against one another or against other assets to manage effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. To the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it is leveraged through use of these derivative strategies. See Use of Leverage.
Because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the average daily total managed assets of the Fund (including assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings) or to issue preferred shares, which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Shareholders, on the other hand.
Segregation and Coverage Risk
Certain portfolio management techniques, such as, among other things, using reverse repurchase agreements or dollar rolls, purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, entering into swap agreements, futures contracts or other derivative transactions, or engaging in short sales, may be considered senior securities unless steps are taken to segregate the Funds assets or otherwise cover its obligations. To avoid having these instruments considered senior securities, the Fund may segregate liquid assets with a value equal (on a daily mark-to-market basis) to its obligations under these types of leveraged transactions, enter into offsetting transactions or otherwise cover such transactions. See Use of Leverage in this prospectus. The Fund may be unable to use such segregated assets for certain other purposes, which could result in the Fund earning a lower return on its portfolio than it might otherwise earn if it did not have to segregate those assets in respect of, or otherwise cover such portfolio positions. To the extent the Funds assets are segregated or committed as cover, it could limit the Funds investment flexibility. Segregating assets and covering positions will not limit or offset losses on related positions.
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Derivatives Risk
The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize a variety of derivative instruments (both long and short positions) for investment or risk management purposes, as well as to leverage its portfolio. The Fund may use derivatives to gain exposure to securities markets in which it may invest (e.g., pending investment of the proceeds of this offering in individual securities, as well as on an ongoing basis). The Fund may also use derivatives to add leverage to its portfolio. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk. Derivatives transactions that the Fund may utilize include, but are not limited to, purchases or sales of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements. The Fund may also have exposure to derivatives, such as interest rate or credit default swaps, through investment in credit-linked trust certificates and other securities issued by special purpose or structured vehicles. The Funds use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this prospectus, such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, issuer risk, credit risk, leveraging risk, counterparty risk and management risk. See also Principal Risks of the FundSegregation and Coverage Risk. They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, the risk of unfavorable or ambiguous documentation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index.
The Funds use of derivatives also may affect the amount, timing or character of distributions to, and taxes payable by, Common Shareholders. See Tax Matters. Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivatives might not be available for OTC derivatives. For derivatives traded on an exchange or through a central counterparty, credit risk resides with the creditworthiness of the Funds clearing broker, or the clearinghouse itself, rather than with a counterparty in an OTC derivatives.
The regulation of the derivatives markets has increased over the past several years, and additional future regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability or reduce the liquidity of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.
Credit Default Swaps Risk
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller (if any), coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. When the Fund acts as a seller of a credit default swap, it is exposed to many of the same risks of leverage described herein since if an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk.
The market for credit default swaps has become more volatile in recent years as the creditworthiness of certain counterparties has been questioned and/or downgraded. The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the credit default swap contract (whether a clearing corporation in the case of a cleared credit default swap or another third party in the case of an uncleared credit default swap). If a counterpartys credit becomes significantly impaired, multiple requests for collateral posting in a short period of time could increase the risk that the Fund may not receive adequate collateral.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts and other instruments entered into by the Fund or held by special purpose or structured vehicles in which the Fund invests. In the event that the Fund enters into a derivative transaction with a counterparty that subsequently becomes insolvent or becomes the subject of a bankruptcy case, the derivative transaction may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Funds ability to realize its rights under the derivative instrument and its ability to distribute the proceeds could be adversely affected. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery (including recovery of any collateral it has provided to the counterparty) in a dissolution, assignment for the benefit of creditors, liquidation, winding-up, bankruptcy, or other analogous proceeding. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative transaction would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative transaction and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to any underlying security or asset. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances.
Equity Securities and Related Market Risk
Subject to the Funds investment policies, the Fund may hold common stocks and other equity securities from time to time, including without limit those it has received through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund or in connection with the restructuring of a debt security. The market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. See Principal Risks of the FundIssuer Risk. The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than bonds and other debt securities.
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Preferred Securities Risk
In addition to equity securities risk (see Principal Risks of the FundEquity Securities and Related Market Risk), credit risk (see Principal Risks of the FundCredit Risk) and possibly high yield risk (see Principal Risks of the FundHigh Yield Securities Risk), investment in preferred securities involves certain other risks. Certain preferred securities contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distribution, the Fund may be required to include the amount of the deferred distribution in its taxable income for tax purposes although it does not currently receive such amount in cash. In order to receive the special treatment accorded to regulated investment companies and their shareholders under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and to avoid U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to distribute this income to shareholders in the tax year in which the income is recognized (without a corresponding receipt of cash). Therefore, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution in any such tax year an amount greater than the total amount of cash income the Fund actually received, and to sell portfolio securities, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, to obtain cash needed for these income distributions. Preferred securities often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuers call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuers capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred securities may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities and U.S. Government securities.
Private Placements Risk
A private placement involves the sale of securities that have not been registered under the 1933 Act, or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, to certain institutional and qualified individual purchasers, such as the Fund. In addition to the general risks to which all securities are subject, securities received in a private placement generally are subject to strict restrictions on resale, and there may be no liquid secondary market or ready purchaser for such securities. See Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk. Therefore, the Fund may be unable to dispose of such securities when it desires to do so, or at the most favorable time or price. Private placements may also raise valuation risks. See Principal Risks of the FundValuation Risk.
Confidential Information Access Risk
In managing the Fund, PIMCO may from time to time have the opportunity to receive Confidential Information about the issuers of certain investments, including, without limit, senior floating rate loans, other loans and related investments being considered for acquisition by the Fund or held in the Funds portfolio. Pursuant to applicable policies and procedures, PIMCO may (but is not required to) seek to avoid receipt of Confidential Information about such issuers so as to avoid possible restrictions on its ability to purchase and sell investments on behalf of the Fund and other clients to which such Confidential Information relates. In such circumstances, the Fund (and other PIMCO clients) may be disadvantaged in comparison to other investors, including with respect to the price the Fund pays or receives when it buys or sells an investment. Further, PIMCOs and the Funds abilities to assess the desirability of proposed consents, waivers or amendments with respect to certain investments may be compromised if they are not privy to available Confidential Information. PIMCO may also determine to receive such Confidential Information in certain circumstances under its applicable policies and procedures. If PIMCO intentionally or unintentionally comes into possession of Confidential Information, it may be unable, potentially for a substantial period of time, to purchase or sell investments to which such Confidential Information relates.
Inflation/Deflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Funds investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of payments at future dates. As inflation increases, the real value of the Funds portfolio could decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Funds portfolio and Common Shares.
Risk of Regulatory Changes
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect the Fund and its ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New (or revised) laws or regulations may be imposed by the CFTC, the SEC, the IRS, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, these agencies are implementing a variety of new rules pursuant to financial reform legislation in the United States. The EU (and some other countries) are implementing similar requirements. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.
In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized under these statutes, regulations and otherwise to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The Fund and the Investment Manager have historically been eligible for exemptions from certain regulations. However, there is no assurance that the Fund and the Investment Manager will continue to be eligible for such exemptions.
Current rules related to asset backed securities may increase the cost to originators, securitizers and, in certain cases, asset managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest. The impact of the risk retention rules on the securitization markets is uncertain. These
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requirements may increase the costs to originators, securitizers, and, in certain cases, collateral managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest, which costs could be passed along to such Fund as an investor in such vehicles.
Regulatory Risk - London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
The Fund may invest in certain instruments including, but not limited to, repurchase agreements, collateralized loan obligations and mortgage-backed securities, that rely in some fashion upon LIBOR. LIBOR is an average interest rate, determined by the ICE Benchmark Administration, that banks charge one another for the use of short-term money. The United Kingdoms Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, has announced plans to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR and measures the cost of overnight borrowings through repurchase agreement transactions collateralized with U.S. Treasury securities). Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain, and they may vary depending on factors that include, but are not limited to: (i) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (ii) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. For example, certain of the Funds investments may involve individual contracts that have no existing fallback provision or language that contemplates the discontinuation of LIBOR, and those investments could experience increased volatility or illiquidity as a result of the transition process. In addition, interest rate provisions included in such contracts may need to be renegotiated in contemplation of the transition away from LIBOR. The transition may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund, including those described in this paragraph, or a reduction in the effectiveness of related Fund transactions such as hedges. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Fund.
Regulatory Risk Commodity Pool Operator
The CFTC has adopted regulations that subject registered investment companies and their investment advisers to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in futures, options on futures or commodities, swaps, or other financial instruments regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and the rules thereunder (commodity interests), or if the Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. The Investment Manager is registered as a commodity pool operator (CPO) under the CEA, however, with respect to the Fund, the Investment Manager has claimed an exclusion from registration as a CPO pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5. For the Investment Manager to remain eligible for this exclusion, the Fund must comply with certain limitations, including limits on its ability to use any commodity interests and limits on the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of such commodity interests. These limitations may restrict the Funds ability to pursue its investment objectives and strategies, increase the costs of implementing its strategies, result in higher expenses for the Fund, and/or adversely affect the Funds total return. Further, in the event the Investment Manager becomes unable to rely on the exclusion in CFTC Rule 4.5 with respect to the Fund and is required to register as a CPO with respect to the Fund, the Investment Manager will be subject to additional regulation and its expenses may increase.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell at the time that the Fund would like or at the price that the Fund believes such investments are currently worth. Illiquid investments may become harder to value, especially in changing markets. The Funds investments in illiquid investments may reduce the returns of the Fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid investments at an advantageous time or price or possibly require the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations, which could prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Additionally, the market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. To the extent that the Funds principal investment strategies involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign (non-U.S.) securities, Rule 144A securities, Regulation S securities, senior loans, illiquid sectors of fixed income securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk, the Fund will tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Further, fixed income securities with longer durations until maturity face heightened levels of liquidity risk as compared to fixed income securities with shorter durations until maturity. It may also be the case that other market participants may be attempting to liquidate fixed income holdings at the same time as the Fund, causing increased supply in the market and contributing to liquidity risk and downward pricing pressure. See Principal Risks of the FundValuation Risk.
The Alt Lending ABS in which the Fund invests are typically not listed on any securities exchange and not registered under the 1933 Act. In addition, the Fund anticipates that these instruments may only be sold to a limited number of investors and may have a limited or non-existent secondary market. Accordingly, the Fund currently expects that certain of its investments in Alt Lending ABS will face heightened levels of liquidity risk. Although currently, there is generally no active reliable, secondary market for certain Alt Lending ABS, a secondary market for these alternative lending-related instruments may develop.
Tax Risk
The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such, so that it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net investment income or net short-term or long-term capital gains, that are distributed (or deemed distributed, as described below) to shareholders. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must meet certain asset diversification tests and at least 90% of its gross income for such year must consist of certain types of qualifying income. Foreign currency gains will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement. However, the U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations in the future that could treat
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some or all of the Funds foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby jeopardizing the Funds status as a regulated investment company for all years to which the regulations are applicable. Income derived from some commodity-linked derivatives is not qualifying income, and the treatment of income from some other commodity-linked derivatives is uncertain, for purposes of the 90% gross income test. If for any taxable year the Fund were to fail to meet the income or diversification test described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax and, in the case of a diversification test failure, disposing of certain assets.
If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company under the Code, and were ineligible to or did not otherwise cure such failure, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates and, when such income is distributed, shareholders would be subject to a further tax to the extent of the Funds current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The wars with Iraq and Afghanistan and similar conflicts and geopolitical developments, their aftermath and substantial military presence in Afghanistan, along with instability in North Korea, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine, Yemen and the Middle East, possible terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, growing social and political discord in the United States, the European debt crisis, the response of the international communitythrough economic sanctions and otherwiseto Russias recent annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine and posture vis-a-vis Ukraine, further downgrade of U.S. Government securities, the outbreak of infectious diseases such as Ebola and other similar events may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The potential costs of rebuilding infrastructure cannot be predicted with any certainty. Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 closed some of the U.S. securities markets for a four-day period and similar future events cannot be ruled out. The war and occupation, terrorism and related geopolitical risks have led, and may in the future lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, such as the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in early 2011, and systemic market dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008, if repeated, could be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could have an acute effect on individual issuers or related groups of issuers. These risks also could adversely affect individual issuers and securities markets, interest rates, secondary trading, ratings, credit risk, inflation, deflation and other factors relating to the Funds investments and the market value and NAV of the Funds Common Shares.
Subsidiary Risk
By investing through its Subsidiaries, the Fund is exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiaries investments. The Subsidiaries are not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act and are not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act, although each Subsidiary is managed pursuant to the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund applicable to it. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the jurisdiction in which a Subsidiary is organized could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and could adversely affect the Fund.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
The Investment Manager manages the Fund without regard generally to restrictions on portfolio turnover. Trading in fixed income securities does not generally involve the payment of brokerage commissions, but does involve indirect transaction costs. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. The higher the rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund, the higher these transaction costs borne by the Fund generally will be. Such sales may result in realization of taxable capital gains (including short-term capital gains, which are generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates when distributed net of short-term capital losses and net long-term capital losses), and may adversely affect the Funds after-tax returns. See Tax Matters.
Operational Risk
An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.
Cyber Security Risk
As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund has become potentially more susceptible to operational and informational security risks resulting from breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional cyber events that may, among other things, cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, and/or destruction, lose operational capacity, result in the unauthorized release or other misuse of confidential information, or otherwise disrupt normal business operations.
Cyber security failures or breaches may result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. These failures or breaches may also result in disruptions to business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Funds ability to calculate its NAV, process shareholder transactions or otherwise transact business with shareholders; impediments to trading; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines; penalties; reputational damage; reimbursement or other compensation costs; additional compliance costs and cyber security risk management costs and other adverse consequences. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in an attempt to prevent any cyber incidents in the future.
There is also a risk that cyber security breaches may not be detected. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
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Potential Conflicts of Interest RiskAllocation of Investment Opportunities
The Investment Manager is involved worldwide with a broad spectrum of financial services and asset management activities and may engage in the ordinary course of business in activities in which its interests or the interests of its clients may conflict with those of the Fund. The Investment Manager may provide investment management services to other funds and discretionary managed accounts that follow an investment program similar to that of the Fund. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Investment Manager intends to engage in such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for its services. The results of the Funds investment activities may differ from those of the Funds affiliates, or another account managed by the Funds affiliates, and it is possible that the Fund could sustain losses during periods in which one or more of the Funds affiliates and/or other accounts managed by the Investment Manager or its affiliates, including proprietary accounts, achieve profits on their trading.
Repurchase Agreements Risk
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, in which the Fund purchases a security from a bank or broker-dealer, which agrees to repurchase the security at the Funds cost plus interest within a specified time. If the party agreeing to repurchase should default, the Fund will seek to sell the securities which it holds. This could involve procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and which may not be terminated within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the agreements are considered illiquid investments. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund.
Structured Investments Risk
The Fund may invest in structured products, including, structured notes, credit-linked notes and other types of structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk. The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indexes and securities underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) are generally influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. Structured products generally entail risks associated with derivative instruments. See Principal Risks of the FundDerivatives Risk.
Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk
The Fund may invest in CLOs. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans issued by banks, corporations or any other public or private entity or person, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate or mezzanine loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CLOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. The cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche which generally bears losses in connection with the first defaults, if any, on the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to provide some measure of protection to the other, more senior tranches from defaults. A senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults and aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of an investment in a CLO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CLO in which the Fund invests. Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid investments; however, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs allowing a CLO to qualify under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CLOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from the collateral will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the risk that the Fund may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or others and may produce unexpected investment results.
Rule 144A Securities Risk
Rule 144A permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the Fund, to trade in privately placed securities that have not been registered for sale under the 1933 Act.
Certain Affiliations
Certain broker-dealers may be considered to be affiliated persons of the Fund and/or the Investment Manager due to their possible affiliations with Allianz SE, the ultimate parent of the Investment Manager. Absent an exemption from the SEC or other regulatory relief, the Fund is generally precluded from effecting certain principal transactions with affiliated brokers, and its ability to purchase securities being underwritten by an affiliated broker or a syndicate including an affiliated broker, or to utilize affiliated brokers for agency transactions, is subject to restrictions. This could limit the Funds ability to engage in securities transactions and take advantage of market opportunities.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The Funds Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the Declaration) includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. See Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust. These provisions in the Declaration could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then-current market price of the Common Shares or at NAV.
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Fund Distribution Rates
Although the Fund may seek to maintain level distributions, the Funds distribution rates may be affected by numerous factors, including but not limited to changes in realized and projected market returns, fluctuations in market interest rates, Fund performance, and other factors. There can be no assurance that a change in market conditions or other factors will not result in a change in the Funds distribution rate or that the rate will be sustainable in the future.
For instance, during periods of low or declining interest rates, the Funds distributable income and dividend levels may decline for many reasons. For example, the Fund may have to deploy uninvested assets (whether from purchases of Fund shares, proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations or other sources) in new, lower yielding instruments. Additionally, payments from certain instruments that may be held by the Fund (such as variable and floating rate securities) may be negatively impacted by declining interest rates, which may also lead to a decline in the Funds distributable income and dividend levels.
Investment Limitations
Except as described below, the Fund, as a fundamental policy, may not, without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Funds outstanding Common Shares and, if issued, preferred shares voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding preferred shares voting as a separate class:
1.
Purchase any security if as a result 25% or more of the Funds total assets (taken at current value at the time of investment) would be invested in a single industry (for purposes of this restriction, investment companies are not considered to be part of any industry). The Fund will normally invest at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued mortgage-related securities not issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
2.
Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities secured by real estate or interests therein, or securities issued by companies that invest in real estate, or interests therein.
3.
Purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts or oil, gas or mineral programs. This restriction shall not prohibit the Fund, subject to restrictions described in the Prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information, from purchasing, selling or entering into futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, or any interest rate, securities-related or other derivative instrument, including swap agreements and other derivative instruments, subject to compliance with any applicable provisions of the federal securities or commodities laws.
4.
Borrow money or issue any senior security, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and as interpreted, modified, or otherwise permitted from time to time by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
5.
Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and as interpreted, modified, or otherwise permitted from time to time by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
6.
Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers, except to the extent that in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws.
See Investment Objectives and Policies and Investment Restrictions in the Statement of Additional Information for a complete list of the fundamental investment policies of the Fund.
Management of Investment Portfolio and Capital Structure to Limit Leverage Risk
The Fund may take certain actions if short-term interest rates increase or market conditions otherwise change (or the Fund anticipates such an increase or change) and the Funds leverage begins (or is expected) to adversely affect Common Shareholders. In order to attempt to offset such a negative impact of leverage on Common Shareholders, the Fund may shorten the average maturity or duration of its investment portfolio (by investing in short-term, high quality securities or implementing certain hedging strategies). The Fund also may attempt to reduce leverage by redeeming or otherwise purchasing any preferred shares that may be outstanding or by reducing any holdings in other instruments that create leverage. As explained above under Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk, the success of any such attempt to limit leverage risk depends on PIMCOs ability to accurately predict interest rate or other market changes. Because of the difficulty of making such predictions, the Fund may not be successful in managing its interest rate exposure in the manner described above. If market conditions suggest that additional leverage would be beneficial, the Fund may issue preferred shares or utilize other forms of leverage, such as reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls and other derivative instruments. See Investment Objectives and PoliciesPortfolio Contents and Principal Risks of the FundLiquidity Risk.
Hedging and Related Strategies
The Fund may (but is not required to) use various investment strategies to seek exposure to foreign currencies, or attempt to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss and preserve capital, due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. See The Funds Investment Objective and StrategiesPortfolio Contents and Other Information Foreign Currencies and Related Transactions. The Fund may also purchase credit default swaps for the purpose of hedging the Funds credit exposure to certain issuers and, thereby, seek to decrease its exposure to credit risk, and it may invest in structured notes or interest rate futures contracts or swap, cap, floor or collar transactions for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Funds portfolio and, thereby, seek to decrease the Funds exposure to interest rate risk. See Portfolio ContentsCredit Default Swaps, Portfolio ContentsStructured Notes and Related Instruments and Portfolio ContentsCertain Interest Rate Transactions in this prospectus. Other derivatives strategies and instruments that the Fund may use include without limitation: financial futures contracts; short sales; other types of swap agreements or options thereon; options on financial futures; and options based on either an index or individual debt securities whose prices, PIMCO believes, correlate with the prices of the Funds investments. Income earned by the Fund from its hedging and
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related transactions may be subject to one or more special U.S. federal income tax rules that can affect the amount, timing or character of distributions to, and taxes payable by, Common Shareholders. For instance, income earned by the Fund from its foreign currency hedging activities, if any, may give rise to ordinary income that, to the extent not offset by losses from such activities, may be distributed to Common Shareholders and taxable at ordinary income rates. Therefore, any foreign currency hedging activities by the Fund can increase the amount of distributions taxable to Common Shareholders as ordinary income. See Taxation in the Statement of Additional Information. There is no assurance that these hedging strategies will be available at any time or that PIMCO will determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful. PIMCO may determine not to engage in hedging strategies or to do so only in unusual circumstances or market conditions. In addition, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on its use of hedging strategies imposed by guidelines of one or more ratings agencies that may issue ratings on any preferred shares issued by the Fund.
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Trustees and Officers
The business of the Fund is managed under the direction of the Funds Board. The Board is responsible for the management of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by the Investment Manager. The Board is currently nine trustees of the Fund (Trustees), seven of whom are not interested persons of the Fund (as defined by Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act). The Trustees meet periodically throughout the year to discuss and consider matters concerning the Fund and to oversee the Funds activities, including its investment performance, compliance program and risks associated with its activities. The names and business addresses of the Trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under Management of the Fund in the Statement of Additional Information.
Investment Manager
PIMCO serves as the investment manager of the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Board. PIMCO is responsible for managing the investment activities of the Fund and the Funds business affairs and other administrative matters.
PIMCO is located at 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA, 92660. Organized in 1971, PIMCO provides investment management and advisory services to private accounts of institutional and individual clients and to registered investment companies. PIMCO is a majority-owned indirect subsidiary of Allianz SE, a publicly traded European insurance and financial services company. As of September 30, 2019, PIMCO had approximately $1.88 trillion in assets under management.
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Portfolio
Manager |
Since | Title | Recent Professional Experience | |||
Daniel J. Ivascyn | 2014 | Group Chief Investment Officer | Mr. Ivascyn joined PIMCO in 1998, previously having been associated with Bear Stearns in the asset-backed securities group as well as with T. Rowe Price and Fidelity Investments. Mr. Ivascyn has twenty years of investment experience and holds a degree in economics from Occidental College and an MBA in analytic finance from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business. | |||
Mark R. Kiesel | 2013 (Inception) | Chief Investment Officer Global Credit | Mr. Kiesel is a member of the PIMCO Investment Committee, a generalist portfolio manager and the global head of corporate bond portfolio management. He has served as a portfolio manager, head of equity derivatives and as a senior Credit Analyst since joining PIMCO in 1996. | |||
Elizabeth O. MacLean | 2013 (Inception) | Portfolio Manager, Bank Loans | Prior to joining PIMCO in 2011, she was a Partner and a portfolio manager at Lord Abbett & Co., LLC. Previously, she worked as a Managing Director and a portfolio manager at Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management and a Vice President and a portfolio manager at Pilgrim Investments (now ING Pilgrim). Ms. MacLean has experience in the financial services industry since 1989. | |||
Alfred T. Murata | 2013 (Inception) | Portfolio Manager, Mortgage Credit | Prior to joining PIMCO in 2001, Mr. Murata researched and implemented exotic equity and interest-rate derivatives at Nikko Financial Technologies. He has 13 years of investment experience and holds a Ph.D. in engineering economic systems and operations research from Stanford University. He also earned a J.D. from Stanford Law School and is a member of the State Bar of California. |
Please see the Statement of Additional Information for additional information about other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, the portfolio managers compensation and the portfolio managers ownership of shares of the Fund.
Control Persons
A control person is a person who owns, either directly or indirectly, beneficially more than 25% of the voting securities of a company. As of November 1, 2019, the Fund did not know of any person or entity who controlled the Fund.
Additional Information
The Trustees are responsible generally for overseeing the management of the Fund. The Trustees authorize the Fund to enter into service agreements with the Investment Manager and other service providers in order to provide, and in some cases authorize service providers to procure through other parties, necessary or desirable services on behalf of the Fund. Shareholders are not intended to be third-party beneficiaries of such service agreements.
Neither this prospectus, the Funds Statement of Additional Information, any contracts filed as exhibits to the Funds registration statement, nor any other communications or disclosure documents from or on behalf of the Fund creates a contract between a shareholder of the Fund and the Fund, a service provider to the Fund, and/or the Trustees or officers of the Fund. The Trustees may amend this prospectus, the Statement of Additional Information, and any other contracts to which the Fund is a party, and interpret the investment objective(s), policies, restrictions and contractual provisions applicable to the Fund without shareholder input or approval, except in circumstances in which shareholder approval is specifically required by law (such changes to fundamental investment policies) or where a shareholder approval requirement is specifically disclosed in the Funds prospectus or Statement of Additional Information.
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Investment Management Agreement
Pursuant to an investment management agreement between the Investment Manager and the Fund (the Investment Management Agreement), the Fund has agreed to pay the Investment Manager an annual fee, payable monthly, in an amount equal to 1.15% of the Funds average daily total managed assets, for the services rendered, for the facilities it provides and for certain expenses borne by the Investment Manager pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement. Total managed assets includes total assets of the Fund (including assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings). For purposes of calculating total managed assets, the Funds derivative investments will be valued based on their market value.
Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, PIMCO shall provide to the Fund investment guidance and policy direction in connection with the management of the Fund, including oral and written research, analysis, advice and statistical and economic data and information. In addition, under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees, PIMCO shall provide or cause to be furnished all supervisory and administrative and other services reasonably necessary for the operation of the Fund under what is essentially an all-in fee structure, including but not limited to the supervision and coordination of matters relating to the operation of the Fund, including any necessary coordination among the custodian, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, and recordkeeping agent (including pricing and valuation of the Fund), accountants, attorneys, auction agents and other parties performing services or operational functions for the Fund; the provision of adequate personnel, office space, communications facilities, and other facilities necessary for the effective supervision and administration of the Fund, as well as the services of a sufficient number of persons competent to perform such supervisory and administrative and clerical functions as are necessary for compliance with federal securities laws and other applicable laws; the maintenance of the books and records of the Fund; the preparation of all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns and reports for the Fund; the provision of administrative services to shareholders for the Fund including the maintenance of a shareholder information telephone number, the provision of certain statistical information and performance of the Fund, an internet website (if requested), and maintenance of privacy protection systems and procedures; the preparation and filing of such registration statements and other documents with such authorities as may be required to register and maintain the listing of the shares of the Fund; the taking of other such actions as may be required by applicable law (including establishment and maintenance of a compliance program for the Fund); and the preparation, filing and distribution of proxy materials, periodic reports to shareholders and other regulatory filings.
In addition, under the Investment Management Agreement, PIMCO will procure, at its own expense, the following services, and will bear expenses associated with the following for the Fund: a custodian or custodians for the Fund to provide for the safekeeping of the Funds assets; a recordkeeping agent to maintain the portfolio accounting records for the Fund; a transfer agent for the Fund; a dividend disbursing agent and/or registrar for the Fund; all audits by the Funds independent public accountant (except fees to auditors associated with satisfying rating agency requirements for preferred shares or other securities issued by the Fund and other related requirements in the Funds organizational documents); valuation services; maintaining the Funds tax records; all costs and/or fees incident to meetings of the Funds shareholders, the preparation, printing and mailing of the Funds prospectuses (although the Fund will bear such expenses in connection with the offerings made pursuant to this prospectus as noted below) notices and proxy statements, press releases and reports to its Shareholders, the filing of reports with regulatory bodies, the maintenance of the Funds existence and qualification to do business, the expense of issuing, redeeming, registering and qualifying for sale, common shares with the federal and state securities authorities, and the expense of qualifying and listing Shares with any securities exchange or other trading system; legal services (except for extraordinary legal expenses); costs of printing certificates representing Shares of the Fund; the Funds pro rata portion of its fidelity bond and other insurance premiums; and association membership dues.
The Fund (and not PIMCO) will be responsible for certain fees and expenses that are not covered by the unified fee under the Investment Management Agreement. These include fees and expenses, including travel expenses, and fees and expenses of legal counsel retained for their benefit, of Trustees who are not officers, employees, partners, shareholders or members of PIMCO or its subsidiaries or affiliates; the salaries and other compensation or expenses, including travel expenses, of the Funds executive officers and employees, if any, who are not officers, directors, shareholders, members, partners or employees of PIMCO or its subsidiaries or affiliates; taxes and governmental fees, if any, levied against the Fund; brokerage fees and commissions, and other portfolio transaction expenses incurred by or for the Fund (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of outside legal counsel or third-party consultants retained in connection with reviewing, negotiating and structuring specialized loan and other investments made by the Fund, subject to specific or general authorization by the Funds Board of Trustees (for example, so-called broken-deal costs (e.g., fees, costs, expenses and liabilities, including, for example, due diligence-related fees, costs, expenses and liabilities, with respect to unconsummated investments))); expenses of the Funds securities lending (if any), including any securities lending agent fees, as governed by a separate securities lending agreement; costs, including interest expenses, of borrowing money or engaging in other types of leverage financing (including, without limitation, through the use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements, tender option bonds, bank borrowings and credit facilities); costs, including dividend and/or interest expenses and other costs (including, without limitation, offering and related legal costs, fees to brokers, fees to auction agents, fees to transfer agents, fees to ratings agencies and fees to auditors associated with satisfying ratings agency requirements for preferred shares or other securities issued by the Fund and other related requirements in the Funds organizational documents) associated with the Funds issuance, offering, redemption and maintenance of preferred shares, commercial paper or other senior securities for the purpose of incurring leverage; fees and expenses of any underlying funds or other pooled vehicles in which the Fund invests; dividend and interest expenses on short positions taken by the Fund; organizational and offering expenses of the Fund, including with respect to share offerings following the
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Funds initial offering, such as rights and shelf offerings (including expenses associated with offerings made pursuant to this prospectus), and expenses associated with tender offers and other share repurchases and redemptions; extraordinary expenses, including extraordinary legal expenses as may arise, including expenses incurred in connection with litigation, proceedings, other claims, and the legal obligations of the Fund to indemnify its Trustees, officers, employees, shareholders, distributors, and agents with respect thereto; and expenses of the Fund which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the total managed assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to utilize reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings, or to issue preferred shares, which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the holders of the Funds Common Shares, on the other hand.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards most recent continuation of the Investment Management Agreement is available in the Funds annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.
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Base Prospectus
The NAV of the Funds Common Shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding.
On each day that the NYSE is open, Fund shares are ordinarily valued as of the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time)(NYSE Close). Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the time as of which NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of a security or the NAV determined earlier that day. The Fund reserves the right to change the time as of which its NAV is calculated if the Fund closes earlier, or as permitted by the SEC.
For purposes of calculating NAV, portfolio securities and other assets for which market quotes are readily available are valued at market value. Market value is generally determined on the basis of official closing prices or the last reported sales prices, or if no sales are reported, based on quotes obtained from established market makers or prices (including evaluated prices) supplied by the Funds approved pricing services, quotation reporting systems and other third-party sources (together, Pricing Services). The Fund normally uses pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE Close and does not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. If market value pricing is being used, a foreign (non-U.S.) equity security traded on a foreign exchange or on more than one exchange is typically valued using pricing information from the exchange considered by PIMCO to be the primary exchange. If market value pricing is being used, a foreign (non-U.S.) equity security will be valued as of the close of trading on the foreign exchange, or the NYSE Close, if the NYSE Close occurs before the end of trading on the foreign exchange. Domestic and foreign (non-U.S.) fixed income securities, non-exchange traded derivatives, and equity options are normally valued on the basis of quotes obtained from brokers and dealers or Pricing Services using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities. Prices obtained from Pricing Services may be based on, among other things, information provided by market makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to investments or securities with similar characteristics. Certain fixed income securities purchased on a delayed-delivery basis are marked to market daily until settlement at the forward settlement date. Exchange-traded options, except equity options, futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the relevant exchange. Swap agreements are valued on the basis of bid quotes obtained from brokers and dealers or market-based prices supplied by Pricing Services or other pricing sources. With respect to any portion of the Funds assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies (other than ETFs), the Funds NAV will be calculated based upon the NAVs of such investments.
If a foreign (non-U.S.) equity securitys value has materially changed after the close of the securitys primary exchange or principal market but before the NYSE Close, the security may be valued at fair value based on procedures established and approved by the Board. Foreign (non-U.S.) equity securities that do not trade when the NYSE is open are also valued at fair value. With respect to foreign (non-U.S.) equity securities, the Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by Pricing Services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value or adjustments with reference to other securities, indexes or assets. In considering whether fair valuation is required and in determining fair values, the Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indexes) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the NYSE Close. For these purposes, any movement in the applicable reference index or instrument (zero trigger) between the earlier close of the applicable foreign market and the NYSE Close may be deemed to be a significant event, prompting the application of the pricing model (effectively resulting in daily fair valuations). The Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. For these purposes, any movement in the applicable reference index or instrument (zero trigger) between the earlier close of the applicable foreign market and the NYSE Close may be deemed to be a significant event, prompting the application of the pricing model (effectively resulting in daily fair valuations). Foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges may permit trading in foreign (non-U.S.) equity securities on days when the Fund is not open for business, which may result in the Funds portfolio investments being affected when shareholders are unable to buy or sell shares.
Senior secured floating rate loans for which an active secondary market exists to a reliable degree will be valued at the mean of the last available bid/ask prices in the market for such loans, as provided by a Pricing Service. Senior secured floating rate loans for which an active secondary market does not exist to a reliable degree will be valued at fair value, which is intended to approximate market value. In valuing a senior secured floating rate loan at fair value, the factors considered may include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) the creditworthiness of the borrower and any intermediate participants, (b) the terms of the loan, (c) recent prices in the market for similar loans, if any, and (d) recent prices in the market for instruments of similar quality, rate, period until next interest rate reset and maturity.
Investments valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to the U.S. dollar using exchange rates obtained from Pricing Services. As a result, the value of such investments and, in turn, the NAV of the Funds shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of investments traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the Fund is not open for business. As a result, to the extent that the Fund holds foreign (non-U.S.) investments, the value of those investments may change at times when shareholders are unable to buy or sell shares and the value of such investments will be reflected in the Funds next calculated NAV.
Investments for which market quotes or market-based valuations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction. The Board has adopted methods for valuing securities and other assets in circumstances where market quotes are not readily available, and has delegated to PIMCO the responsibility for applying the fair valuation methods. In the event that market quotes or market-based valuations are not readily available, and the security or asset cannot be valued pursuant to a Board approved valuation method, the value of the security or asset will be determined in good faith
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PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
by the Valuation Oversight Committee of the Board (Valuation Oversight Committee), generally based on recommendations provided by PIMCO. Market quotes are considered not readily available in circumstances where there is an absence of current or reliable market-based data (e.g., trade information, bid/ask information, indicative market quotations (Broker Quotes), Pricing Services prices), including where events occur after the close of the relevant market, but prior to the NYSE Close, that materially affect the values of the Funds securities or assets. In addition, market quotes are considered not readily available when, due to extraordinary circumstances, the exchanges or markets on which the securities trade do not open for trading for the entire day and no other market prices are available. The Board has delegated to PIMCO the responsibility for monitoring significant events that may materially affect the values of the Funds securities or assets and for determining whether the value of the applicable securities or assets should be reevaluated in light of such significant events.
When the Fund uses fair valuation to determine the value of a portfolio security or other asset for purposes of calculating its NAV, such investments will not be priced on the basis of quotes from the primary market in which they are traded, but rather may be priced by another method that the Board or persons acting at their direction believe reflects fair value. Fair valuation may require subjective determinations about the value of a security. While the Funds policy is intended to result in a calculation of the Funds NAV that fairly reflects security values as of the time of pricing, the Fund cannot ensure that fair values determined by the Board or persons acting at their direction would accurately reflect the price that the Fund could obtain for a security if it were to dispose of that security as of the time of pricing (for instance, in a forced or distressed sale). The prices used by the Fund may differ from the value that would be realized if the securities were sold.
The Fund makes regular monthly cash distributions to Common Shareholders at a rate based upon the past and projected net income of the Fund. Subject to applicable law, the Fund may fund a portion of its distributions with gains from the sale of portfolio securities and other sources. The dividend rate that the Fund pays on its Common Shares may vary as portfolio and market conditions change, and will depend on a number of factors, including without limit the amount of the Funds undistributed net investment income and net short- and long-term capital gains, as well as the costs of any leverage obtained by the Fund (including interest or other expenses on any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings and dividends payable on any preferred shares issued by the Fund). As portfolio and market conditions change, the rate of distributions on the Common Shares and the Funds dividend policy could change. There can be no assurance that a change in market conditions or other factors will not result in a change in the Fund distribution rate or that the rate will be sustainable in the future. See Principal Risks of the Fund Fund Distribution Rates. For a discussion of factors that may cause the Funds income and capital gains (and therefore the dividend) to vary, see Principal Risks of the Fund. The Fund generally distributes each year all of its net investment income and net short-term capital gains. In addition, at least annually, the Fund generally distributes net realized long-term capital gains not previously distributed, if any. The net investment income of the Fund consists of all income (other than net short-term and long-term capital gains) less all expenses of the Fund (after it pays accrued dividends on any outstanding preferred shares).
To permit the Fund to maintain a more stable monthly distribution, the Fund may distribute less than the entire amount of net investment income earned in a particular period. The undistributed net investment income would be available to supplement future distributions. As a result, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular monthly period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during the period. Undistributed net investment income will be additive to the Funds NAV and, correspondingly, distributions from undistributed net investment income will be deducted from the Funds NAV.
The tax treatment and characterization of the Funds distributions may vary significantly from time to time because of the varied nature of the Funds investments. The Fund may enter into opposite sides of interest rate swap and other derivatives for the principal purpose of generating distributable gains on the one side (characterized as ordinary income for tax purposes) that are not part of the Funds duration or yield curve management strategies (paired swap transactions), and with a substantial possibility that the Fund will experience a corresponding capital loss and decline in NAV with respect to the opposite side transaction (to the extent it does not have corresponding offsetting capital gains). Consequently, Common Shareholders may receive distributions and owe tax on amounts that are effectively a taxable return of the shareholders investment in the Fund, at a time when their investment in the Fund has declined in value, which tax may be at ordinary income rates. The tax treatment of certain derivatives in which the Fund invests may be unclear and thus subject to recharacterization. Any recharacterization of payments made or received by the Fund pursuant to derivatives potentially could affect the amount, timing or character of Fund distributions. In addition, the tax treatment of such investment strategies may be changed by regulation or otherwise.
To the extent required by the 1940 Act and other applicable laws, absent an exemption, a notice will accompany each monthly distribution with respect to the estimated source (as between net income, gains or other capital source) of the distribution made. If the Fund estimates that a portion of one of its dividend distributions may be comprised of amounts from sources other than net income, in accordance with its policies and accounting practices, the Fund will notify shareholders of record of the estimated composition of such distribution through a Section 19 Notice. For these purposes, the Fund estimates the source or sources from which a distribution is paid, to the close of the period as of which it is paid, in reference to its internal accounting records and related accounting practices. If, based on such accounting records and practices, it is estimated that a particular distribution does not include capital gains or paid-in surplus or other capital sources, a Section 19 Notice generally would not be issued. It is important to note that differences exist between the Funds daily internal accounting records and practices, the Funds financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and recordkeeping practices under income tax regulations. For instance, the Funds internal accounting records and practices may take into account, among other factors, tax-related characteristics of certain sources of distributions that differ from treatment under U.S. GAAP. Examples of such differences may
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Base Prospectus
include, among others, the treatment of paydowns on mortgage-backed securities purchased at a discount and periodic payments under interest rate swap contracts. Accordingly, among other consequences, it is possible that the Fund may not issue a Section 19 Notice in situations where the Funds financial statements prepared later and in accordance with U.S. GAAP and/or the final tax character of those distributions might later report that the sources of those distributions included capital gains and/or a return of capital.
The tax characterization of the Funds distributions made in a taxable year cannot finally be determined until at or after the end of the year. As a result, there is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Funds net investment income and net realized capital gains for the relevant year (including as reduced by any capital loss carry-forwards). For example, the Fund may distribute amounts early in the year that are derived from short-term capital gains, but incur net short-term capital losses later in the year, thereby offsetting short-term capital gains out of which distributions have already been made by the Fund. In such a situation, the amount by which the Funds total distributions exceed net investment income and net realized capital gains would generally be treated as a tax-free return of capital up to the amount of a shareholders tax basis in his or her Common Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of Common Shares. In general terms, a return of capital would occur where the Fund distribution (or portion thereof) represents a return of a portion of your investment, rather than net income or capital gains generated from your investment during a particular period. A return of capital distribution is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholders tax basis in the Common Shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of the Common Shares. The Fund will prepare and make available to shareholders detailed tax information with respect to the Funds distributions annually. See Tax Matters.
The 1940 Act currently limits the number of times the Fund may distribute long-term capital gains in any tax year, which may increase the variability of the Funds distributions and result in certain distributions being comprised more or less heavily than others of long-term capital gains currently eligible for favorable income tax rates.
Unless a Common Shareholder elects to receive distributions in cash, all distributions of Common Shareholders whose shares are registered with the plan agent will be automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares of the Fund under the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
The Fund has adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan) which allows Common Shareholders to reinvest Fund distributions in additional Common Shares of the Fund. American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the Plan Agent) serves as agent for Common Shareholders in administering the Plan. It is important to note that participation in the Plan and automatic reinvestment of Fund distributions does not ensure a profit, nor does it protect against losses in a declining market.
Automatic Enrollment/Voluntary Participation
Under the Plan, Common Shareholders whose shares are registered with the Plan Agent (registered shareholders) are automatically enrolled as participants in the Plan and will have all Fund distributions of income, capital gains and returns of capital (together, distributions) reinvested by the Plan Agent in additional Common Shares of the Fund, unless the Common Shareholder elects to receive cash. Registered shareholders who elect not to participate in the Plan will receive all distributions in cash paid by check and mailed directly to the Common Shareholder of record (or if the shares are held in street or other nominee name, to the nominee) by the Plan Agent.
Participation in the Plan is voluntary. Participants may obtain further information about the Plan or terminate or resume their enrollment in the Plan at any time without penalty by notifying the Plan Agent online at www.astfinancial.com, by calling (844) 33-PIMCO (844 337-4626), by writing to the Plan Agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, at P.O. Box 922, Wall Street Station, New York, NY 10269-0560, or, as applicable, by completing and returning the transaction form attached to a Plan statement. A proper notification will be effective immediately and apply to the Funds next distribution if received by the Plan Agent at least three (3) days prior to the record date for the distribution; otherwise, a notification will be effective shortly following the Funds next distribution and will apply to the Funds next succeeding distribution thereafter. If you withdraw from the Plan and so request, the Plan Agent will arrange for the sale of your shares and send you the proceeds, minus brokerage commissions.
How Shares Are Purchased Under The Plan
For each Fund distribution, the Plan Agent will acquire Common Shares for participants either (i) through receipt of newly issued Common Shares from the Fund (newly issued shares) or (ii) by purchasing Common Shares of the Fund on the open market (open market purchases). If, on a distribution payment date, the NAV is equal to or less than the market price per Common Share plus estimated brokerage commissions (often referred to as a market premium), the Plan Agent will invest the distribution amount on behalf of participants in newly issued shares at a price equal to the greater of (i) NAV or (ii) 95% of the market price per Common Share on the payment date. If the NAV is greater than the market price per Common Share plus estimated brokerage commissions (often referred to as a market discount) on a distribution payment date, the Plan agent will instead attempt to invest the distribution amount through open market purchases. If the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full distribution amount in open market purchases, or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Plan Agent will invest any un-invested portion of the distribution in newly issued shares at a price equal to the greater of (i) NAV or (ii) 95% of the market price per share as of the last business day immediately prior to the purchase date (which, in either case, may be a price greater or lesser than the NAV per Common Share on the distribution payment date). No interest will be paid on distributions awaiting reinvestment.
Under the Plan, the market price of Common Shares on a particular date is the last sales price on the exchange where the Common Shares are listed
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on that date or, if there is no sale on the exchange on that date, the mean between the closing bid and asked quotations for the Common Shares on the exchange on that date. The NAV per Common Share on a particular date is the amount calculated on that date (normally at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) in accordance with the Funds then current policies.
Fees and Expenses
No brokerage charges are imposed on reinvestments in newly issued shares under the Plan. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases. There are currently no direct service charges imposed on participants in the Plan, although the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include such charges. If the Plan is amended to include such service charges, the Plan Agent will include a notification with the Plan statement to registered holders of Common Shares with the Plan Agent.
Shares Held Through Nominees
In the case of a registered shareholder such as a broker, bank or other nominee (together, a nominee) that holds Common Shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified by the nominee/record shareholder as representing the total amount registered in such shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are to participate in the Plan. If your Common Shares are held through a nominee and are not registered with the Plan Agent, neither you nor the nominee will be participants in or have distributions reinvested under the Plan. If you are a beneficial owner of Common Shares and wish to participate in the Plan, and your nominee is unable or unwilling to become a registered shareholder and a Plan participant on your behalf, you may request that your nominee arrange to have all or a portion of your shares re-registered with the Plan Agent in your name so that you may be enrolled as a participant in the Plan. Please contact your nominee for details or for other possible alternatives. Registered shareholders whose shares are registered in the name of one nominee firm may not be able to transfer the shares to another firm and continue to participate in the Plan.
Tax Consequences
Automatically reinvested dividends and distributions are taxed in the same manner as cash dividends and distributionsi.e., automatic reinvestment in additional shares does not relieve Common Shareholders of, or defer the need to pay, any income tax that may be payable (or that is required to be withheld) on Fund dividends and distributions. The Fund and the Plan Agent reserve the right to amend or terminate the Plan. Additional information about the Plan, as well as a copy of the full Plan itself, may be obtained from the Plan Agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, at P.O. Box 922, Wall Street Station, New York, NY 10269-0560; telephone number: (844) 33-PIMCO (844-337-4626); website: www.astfinancial.com.
Description of Capital Structure
The following is a brief description of the capital structure of the Fund. This description does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Declaration and the Funds Bylaws, as amended and restated through the date hereof (the Bylaws). The Declaration and Bylaws are each exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
The Fund is an unincorporated voluntary association with transferable shares of beneficial interest (commonly referred to as a Massachusetts business trust) established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the Declaration. The Declaration provides that the Trustees of the Fund may authorize separate classes of shares of beneficial interest. However, as of the date of this prospectus, the Fund has not issued any shares other than the Common Shares. The following table shows the amount of Common Shares authorized and outstanding as of October 31, 2019.
Title of Class | Amount Authorized | Amount Outstanding | ||
Common Shares |
Unlimited | 138,017,750 |
The Common Shares of the Fund commenced trading on the NYSE on January 31, 2013, under the trading or ticker symbol PCI. As of the close of trading on the NYSE on October 31, 2019, the NAV per Common Share was $22.80, and the closing price per Common Share on the NYSE was $25.18.
Common Shareholders are entitled to share equally in dividends declared by the Board to Common Shareholders and in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to Common Shareholders after payment of the preferential amounts payable to holders of any outstanding preferred shares of beneficial interest. All Common Shares of the Fund have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation. Common Shares of the Fund are fully paid and, subject to matters discussed in Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust, non-assessable, and have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting, and have no right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Upon liquidation of the Fund, after payment of the preferential amounts payable to holders of any outstanding preferred shares of beneficial interest, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining assets of the Fund among the Funds Common Shareholders.
Shareholders of each class are entitled to one vote for each share held. Common Shareholders will vote with the holders of any outstanding preferred shares as a single class on each matter submitted to a vote of holders of Common Shares, except as otherwise provided by the Declaration, the Bylaws or applicable law.
The Fund will send unaudited reports at least semiannually and audited financial statements annually to all of its shareholders.
The Fund may sell Common Shares through underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers (including existing shareholders in a rights offering), through agents, to or through underwriters or dealers, or through a combination of any such methods of sale. The applicable prospectus supplement will identify any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of the Common Shares, any sales loads, discounts, commissions, fees or other compensation paid to any underwriter, dealer or agent, the offering price, net proceeds and use of proceeds and the terms of any sale.
70 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
The distribution of the Common Shares may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices.
The Fund may sell the Common Shares directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the 1933 Act for any resales of the securities. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. The Fund may use electronic media, including the Internet, to sell offered securities directly.
In connection with the sale of the Common Shares, underwriters or agents may receive compensation from the Fund in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell Common Shares to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the Common Shares may be deemed to be underwriters under the 1933 Act, and any discounts and commissions they receive from the Fund and any profit realized by them on the resale of the Common Shares may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the 1933 Act. Any such underwriter or agent will be identified and any such compensation received from the Fund will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The maximum amount of compensation to be received by any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% for the sale of any securities being registered pursuant to Rule 415 under the 1933 Act. The Fund will not pay any compensation to any underwriter or agent in the form of warrants, options, consulting or structuring fees or similar arrangements.
If a prospectus supplement so indicates, the Fund may grant the underwriters an option to purchase additional Common Shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, within 45 days from the date of the prospectus supplement, to cover any over-allotments.
Under agreements into which the Fund may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the Common Shares may be entitled to indemnification by the Fund against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the 1933 Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with the Fund, or perform services for the Fund, in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the Fund will, or will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as its agents to, solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase Common Shares from the Fund pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which such contracts may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must be approved by the Fund. The obligation of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the Common Shares shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which such purchaser is subject. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts. Such contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.
To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the underwriters may from time to time act as brokers or dealers and receive fees in connection with the execution of the Funds portfolio transactions after the underwriters have ceased to be underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, each may act as a broker while it is an underwriter.
A prospectus and accompanying prospectus supplement in electronic form may be made available on the websites maintained by underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of securities for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Such allocations of securities for Internet distributions will be made on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, securities may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell securities to online brokerage account holders.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, Common Shares offered hereby will be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.
Market and Net Asset Value Information
The Funds Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the trading or ticker symbol PCI. The Funds Common Shares commenced trading on the NYSE in January 2013. The Fund cannot predict whether its Common Shares will trade in the future at a premium or discount to NAV. The conduct of any offering and the issuance of additional Common Shares pursuant to any offering may have an adverse effect on prices in the secondary market for the Funds Common Shares by increasing the number of shares available, which may put downward pressure on the market price for the Common Shares. The NAV of the Funds Common Shares will be reduced immediately following an offering by the sales load, commissions and offering expenses paid or reimbursed by the Fund in connection with such offering. The completion of an offering may result in an immediate dilution of the NAV per Common Share for all existing Common Shareholders.
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the high and low closing market prices of the Funds Common Shares on the NYSE, the high and low NAV per Common Share and the high and low premium/discount to NAV per Common Share. See Net Asset Value for information as to how the Funds NAV is determined.
Common share
market price(1) |
Common share
net asset value |
Premium (discount) as
a % of net asset value |
||||||||||
Quarter | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | ||||||
Quarter ended September 30, 2019 |
$24.60 | $23.36 | $23.67 | $22.59 | 7.44% | 0.64% | ||||||
Quarter ended June 30, 2019 |
$24.57 | $23.10 | $23.58 | $23.03 | 5.21% | (0.39%) | ||||||
Quarter ended March 31, 2019 |
$23.92 | $21.05 | $23.08 | $22.38 | 4.05% | (6.03%) | ||||||
Quarter ended December 31, 2018 |
$24.65 | $20.00 | $23.80 | $22.27 | 3.57% | (10.31%) | ||||||
Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |
$24.41 | $23.57 | $23.91 | $23.63 | 2.84% | (0.80%) |
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 71 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Common share
market price(1) |
Common share
net asset value |
Premium (discount) as
asset value |
||||||||||
Quarter | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | ||||||
Quarter ended June 30, 2018 |
$23.64 | $22.67 | $23.99 | $23.68 | (0.42%) | (4.63%) | ||||||
Quarter ended March 31, 2018 |
$23.16 | $21.96 | $23.83 | $23.49 | (2.11%) | (7.85%) | ||||||
Quarter ended December 31, 2017 |
$23.41 | $21.84 | $23.91 | $23.46 | (1.02%) | (7.50%) | ||||||
Quarter ended September 30, 2017 |
$23.14 | $21.80 | $23.54 | $22.86 | (0.69%) | (5.55%) | ||||||
Quarter ended June 30, 2017 |
$22.47 | $21.40 | $22.86 | $21.91 | (0.35%) | (2.85%) | ||||||
Quarter ended March 31, 2017 |
$21.44 | $20.22 | $21.92 | $21.25 | (2.15%) | (5.85%) | ||||||
Quarter ended December 31, 2016 |
$20.62 | $19.12 | $21.91 | $21.17 | (4.71%) | (11.99%) | ||||||
Quarter ended September 30, 2016 |
$20.50 | $19.24 | $21.72 | $20.43 | (3.91%) | (8.22%) |
1 |
Such prices reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions. |
The Funds NAV per Common Share at the close of business on October 31, 2019 was $22.80 and the last reported sale price of a Common Share on the NYSE on that day was $25.18, representing a 10.44% premium to such NAV.
Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust
The Declaration and the Bylaws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. The Funds Trustees are divided into three classes. At each annual meeting of shareholders, the term of one class will expire and each Trustee elected to that class will hold office until the third annual meeting thereafter. The classification of the Board of Trustees in this manner could delay for an additional year the replacement of a majority of the Board of Trustees. In addition, the Declaration provides that a Trustee may be removed only for cause and only (i) by action of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding shares of the classes or series of shares entitled to vote for the election of such Trustee, or (ii) by written instrument, signed by at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the remaining Trustees, specifying the date when such removal shall become effective. Cause for these purposes shall require willful misconduct, dishonesty or fraud on the part of the Trustee in the conduct of his or her office or such Trustee being convicted of a felony.
As described below, the Declaration grants special approval rights with respect to certain matters to members of the Board who qualify as Continuing Trustees, which term means a Trustee who either (i) has been a member of the Board for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Funds operations, if less than thirty-six months) or (ii) was nominated to serve as a member of the Board of Trustees by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board.
The Declaration requires the affirmative vote or consent of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Board of Trustees and holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Funds shares to authorize certain Fund transactions not in the ordinary course of business, including a merger or consolidation or share exchange, issuance or transfer by the Fund of the Funds shares having an aggregate fair market value of $1,000,000 or more (except as may be made pursuant to a public offering, the Funds dividend reinvestment plan or upon exercise of any stock subscription rights), a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition of Fund assets, having an aggregated fair market value of $1,000,000 or more, or any shareholder proposal regarding specific investment decisions, unless the transaction is authorized by both a majority of the Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees (in which case no shareholder authorization would be required by the Declaration, but may be required in certain cases under the 1940 Act).
The Declaration also requires the affirmative vote or consent of holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Funds shares entitled to vote on the matter to authorize a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, unless the conversion is authorized by both a majority of the Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees (in which case shareholders would have only the minimum voting rights required by the 1940 Act with respect to the conversion). Also, the Declaration provides that the Fund may be terminated at any time by vote or consent of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Funds shares or, alternatively, by vote or consent of both a majority of the Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees. See Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust in the Statement of Additional Information for a more detailed summary of these provisions.
The Trustees may from time to time grant other voting rights to shareholders with respect to these and other matters in the Bylaws, certain of which are required by the 1940 Act.
The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control of the Fund by a third party. These provisions also provide, however, the advantage of potentially requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid and facilitating the continuity of the Funds investment objectives and policies. The provisions of the Declaration and Bylaws described above could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The Board of Trustees of the Fund has considered the foregoing anti-takeover provisions and concluded that they are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders, including Common Shareholders.
The foregoing is intended only as a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Declaration and the Bylaws, both of which are on file with the SEC.
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, in certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for debts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such limited liability be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the Trustees. The Declaration further provides for indemnification out of the assets and property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The Fund believes that the likelihood of such circumstances is remote.
72 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund
The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of factors relating to the Fund such as dividend levels and stability (which will in turn be affected by Fund expenses, including the costs of any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and other leverage used by the Fund, levels of dividend and interest payments by the Funds portfolio holdings, levels of appreciation/depreciation of the Funds portfolio holdings, regulation affecting the timing and character of the Funds distributions and other factors), portfolio credit quality, liquidity, call protection, market supply and demand and similar factors relating to the Funds portfolio holdings. The market price of the Common Shares may also be affected by general market or economic conditions, including market trends affecting securities values generally or values of closed-end fund shares more specifically. Shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than NAV. The Funds Board of Trustees regularly monitors the relationship between the market price and NAV of the Common Shares. If the Common Shares were to trade at a substantial discount to NAV for an extended period of time, the Board of Trustees may consider the repurchase of its Common Shares on the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. The Fund cannot assure you that its Board of Trustees will decide to take or propose any of these actions, or that share repurchases or tender offers will actually reduce any market discount. See Tax Matters in the Statement of Additional Information for a discussion of the tax implications of a tender offer by the Fund.
If the Fund were to convert to an open-end company, the Common Shares likely would no longer be listed on the NYSE. In contrast to a closed-end investment company, shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their NAV, less any redemption charge that is in effect at the time of redemption.
Before deciding whether to take any action to convert the Fund to an open-end investment company, the Board of Trustees would consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Funds portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders, and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Common Shares should trade at a discount, the Board of Trustees may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken. See the Statement of Additional Information under Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund for a further discussion of possible action to reduce or eliminate any such discount to NAV.
This section summarizes some of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. persons of investing in the Fund; the consequences under other tax laws and to non-U.S. shareholders may differ. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors as to the possible application of federal, state, local or non-U.S. income tax laws. Please see the Statement of Additional Information for additional information regarding the tax aspects of investing in the Fund.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has elected to be treated, and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated, as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. A RIC is not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the corporate level on income and gains from investments that are distributed in a timely manner to shareholders in the form of dividends. The Funds failure to qualify as a RIC would result in corporate-level taxation, thereby reducing the return on your investment.
As described under Use of Leverage above, if at any time when preferred shares are outstanding the Fund does not meet applicable asset coverage requirements, it will be required to suspend distributions to Common Shareholders until the requisite asset coverage is restored. Any such suspension may cause the Fund to pay a U.S. federal income and excise tax on undistributed income or gains and may, in certain circumstances, prevent the Fund from qualifying for treatment as a RIC. The Fund may repurchase or otherwise retire preferred shares in an effort to comply with the distribution requirement applicable to regulated investment companies.
Distributions
The Fund intends to make monthly distributions of net investment income. A shareholder subject to U.S. federal income tax will generally be subject to tax on Fund distributions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions will generally be taxable to a shareholder as either ordinary income or capital gains. Fund dividends consisting of distributions of investment income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Federal taxes on Fund distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned or is deemed to have owned the investments that generated the capital gains, rather than how long a shareholder has owned its shares of the Fund. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends generally will be treated as long-term capital gains includible in a shareholders net capital gains and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of its distributions to be treated as long-term capital gains. Distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income.
Section 1411 of the Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends paid by the Fund, including any Capital Gain Dividends, and net capital gains recognized on the sale, redemption or exchange of shares of the Fund. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 73 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
The ultimate tax characterization of the Funds distributions made in a taxable year cannot be determined finally until after the end of that taxable year. As a result, there is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits. In that case, the excess generally would be treated as return of capital and would reduce a shareholders tax basis in the applicable shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such shares. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholders tax basis in the shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of the shares.
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders as described above even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before a shareholders investment (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid).
A shareholder whose distributions are reinvested in Common Shares of the Fund under the Plan will be treated as having received a dividend equal to either (i) if newly issued Common Shares are issued under the Plan, generally the fair market value of the newly issued Common Shares issued to the Common Shareholder or (ii) if reinvestment is made through open-market purchases under the Plan, the amount of cash allocated to the Common Shareholder for the purchase of Common Shares on its behalf in the open market. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan above.
Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. A RIC may report certain dividends as derived from qualified dividend income, which, when received by a non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.
The IRS currently requires a RIC that the IRS recognizes as having two or more classes of stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes to allocate to each such class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income and capital gains) based upon the percentage of total dividends distributed to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, as and when applicable, the Fund intends each tax year to allocate Capital Gain Dividends between and among its Common Shares and each series of its preferred shares in proportion to the total dividends paid to each class with respect to such tax year. Dividends qualifying and not qualifying for the dividends received deduction or as qualified dividend income will similarly be allocated between and among Common Shares and each series of preferred shares, as and when issued.
Taxes When You Dispose of Your Shares
Any gain resulting from the sale or other disposition of Fund shares that is treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be taxable to shareholders as capital gains for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In the event that the Fund repurchases a shareholders Common Shares (as described above), shareholders who offer, and are able to sell, all of the shares they hold or are deemed to hold in response to such tender offer generally will be treated as having sold their shares and generally will recognize a capital gain or loss. In the case of shareholders who tender or are able to sell fewer than all of their shares, it is possible that any amounts that the shareholder receives in such repurchase will be taxable as a dividend to such shareholder. In addition, there is a risk that shareholders who do not tender any of their shares for repurchase, or whose percentage interest in the Fund otherwise increases as a result of the tender offer, will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received a taxable dividend distribution as a result of their proportionate increase in the ownership of the Fund. The Funds use of cash to repurchase shares could adversely affect its ability to satisfy the distribution requirements for treatment as a regulated investment company. The Fund could also recognize income in connection with its liquidation of portfolio securities to fund share repurchases. Any such income would be taken into account in determining whether such distribution requirements are satisfied.
Subsidiaries
The Fund may invest in one or more Subsidiaries that are treated as disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the case of a Subsidiary that is so treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) the Fund is treated as owning the Subsidiarys assets directly; (ii) any income, gain, loss, deduction or other tax items arising in respect of the Subsidiarys assets will be treated as if they are realized or incurred, as applicable, directly by the Fund; and (iii) distributions, if any, the Fund receives from the Subsidiary will have no effect on the Funds U.S. federal income tax liability.
Non-U.S. Taxes
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries, which will reduce the return on those investments. If, at the close of its taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the Funds total assets consists of securities of foreign corporations including for this purpose foreign governments, the Fund will be permitted to make an election under the Code that will allow shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. If the Fund does not qualify for or chooses not to make such an election, shareholders will not be entitled separately to claim a credit or deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund; in that case the foreign tax will nonetheless reduce the Funds taxable income. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any such tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund.
74 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
Certain Fund Investments
The Funds transactions in foreign currencies, foreign-currency denominated debt obligations, derivatives, short sales, or similar or related transactions could affect the amount, timing, or character of distributions from the Fund, and could increase the amount and accelerate the timing for payment of taxes payable by shareholders. The Funds investments in certain debt instruments could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investments (which may require the Fund to liquidate other investments in order to make required distributions).
Backup Withholding
The Fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds, if any, paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he, she or it is not subject to such withholding.
Shares Purchased Through Tax-Advantaged Plans
Special tax rules apply to investments though defined contribution plans and other tax-advantaged plans. Common Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the suitability of the Funds Common Shares as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.
General
The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax laws. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Common Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding specific questions as to federal, state, local, and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of ownership of Common Shares of the Fund.
The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.
Please see Taxation in the Statement of Additional Information for additional information regarding the tax aspects of investing in Common Shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Servicing Agent, Custodian and Transfer Agent
The custodian of the assets of the Fund is State Street Bank and Trust Company, 801 Pennsylvania Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri 64105. The custodian performs custodial and fund accounting services as well as sub-administrative services on behalf of the Fund.
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, serves as the Funds transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursement agent and shareholder servicing agent, as well as agent for the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as custodian to the Funds Subsidiaries.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PwC serves as independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. PwC provides audit services, tax and other audit related services to the Fund.
Certain legal matters will be passed on for the Fund by Ropes & Gray LLP, Boston, Massachusetts.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | 75 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Table of Contents for the Statement of Additional Information
3 | ||||
3 | ||||
86 | ||||
90 | ||||
106 | ||||
119 | ||||
122 | ||||
122 | ||||
Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust |
123 | |||
125 | ||||
127 | ||||
145 | ||||
145 | ||||
145 | ||||
145 | ||||
145 | ||||
147 | ||||
Appendix A Procedures for Shareholders to Submit Nominee Candidates |
A-1 |
76 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
Description of Securities Ratings
The Funds investments may range in quality from securities rated in the lowest category in which the Fund is permitted to invest to securities rated in the highest category (as rated by Moodys, Standard & Poors or Fitch, or, if unrated, determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality). The percentage of the Funds assets invested in securities in a particular rating category will vary. The following terms are generally used to describe the credit quality of fixed income securities:
High Quality Debt Securities are those rated in one of the two highest rating categories (the highest category for commercial paper) or, if unrated, deemed comparable by PIMCO.
Investment Grade Debt Securities are those rated in one of the four highest rating categories, or if unrated deemed comparable by PIMCO.
Below Investment Grade High Yield Securities (Junk Bonds), are those rated lower than Baa by Moodys, BBB by Standard & Poors or Fitch, and comparable securities. They are deemed predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers ability to repay principal and interest.
The following is a description of Moodys, Standard & Poors and Fitchs rating categories applicable to fixed income securities.
Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
Global Long-Term Rating Scale
Ratings assigned on Moodys global long-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporations, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
* By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
Medium-Term Note Program Ratings
Moodys assigns provisional ratings to medium-term note (MTN) programs and definitive ratings to the individual debt securities issued from them (referred to as drawdowns or notes).
MTN program ratings are intended to reflect the ratings likely to be assigned to drawdowns issued from the program with the specified priority of claim (e.g., senior or subordinated). To capture the contingent nature of a program rating, Moodys assigns provisional ratings to MTN programs. A provisional rating is denoted by a (P) in front of the rating.
The rating assigned to a drawdown from a rated MTN or bank/deposit note program is definitive in nature, and may differ from the program rating if the drawdown is exposed to additional credit risks besides the issuers default, such as links to the defaults of other issuers, or has other structural features that warrant a different rating. In some circumstances, no rating may be assigned to a drawdown.
Moodys encourages market participants to contact Moodys Ratings Desks or visit www.moodys.com directly if they have questions regarding ratings for specific notes issued under a medium-term note program. Unrated notes issued under an MTN program may be assigned an NR (not rated) symbol.
Global Short-Term Rating Scale
Ratings assigned on Moodys global short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.
Moodys employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | A-1 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
P-2: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
National Scale Long-Term Ratings
Moodys long-term National Scale Ratings (NSRs) are opinions of the relative creditworthiness of issuers and financial obligations within a particular country. NSRs are not designed to be compared among countries; rather, they address relative credit risk within a given country. Moodys assigns national scale ratings in certain local capital markets in which investors have found the global rating scale provides inadequate differentiation among credits or is inconsistent with a rating scale already in common use in the country.
In each specific country, the last two characters of the rating indicate the country in which the issuer is located (e.g., Aaa.br for Brazil).
Aaa.n: Issuers or issues rated Aaa.n demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
Aa.n: Issuers or issues rated Aa.n demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
A.n: Issuers or issues rated A.n present above-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
Baa.n: Issuers or issues rated Baa.n represent average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
Ba.n: Issuers or issues rated Ba.n demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
B.n: Issuers or issues rated B.n demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
Caa.n: Issuers or issues rated Caa.n demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
Ca.n: Issuers or issues rated Ca.n demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
C.n: Issuers or issues rated C.n demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers.
Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. National scale long-term ratings of D.ar and E.ar may also be applied to Argentine obligations.
National Scale Short-Term Ratings
Moodys short-term NSRs are opinions of the ability of issuers in a given country, relative to other domestic issuers, to repay debt obligations that have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months. Short-term NSRs in one country should not be compared with short-term NSRs in another country, or with Moodys global ratings.
There are four categories of short-term national scale ratings, generically denoted N-1 through N-4 as defined below.
In each specific country, the first two letters indicate the country in which the issuer is located (e.g., BR-1 through BR-4 for Brazil).
N-1: Issuers rated N-1 have the strongest ability to repay short-term senior unsecured debt obligations relative to other domestic issuers.
N-2: Issuers rated N-2 have an above average ability to repay short-term senior unsecured debt obligations relative to other domestic issuers.
N-3: Issuers rated N-3 have an average ability to repay short-term senior unsecured debt obligations relative to other domestic issuers.
N-4: Issuers rated N-4 have a below average ability to repay short-term senior unsecured debt obligations relative to other domestic issuers.
The short-term rating symbols P-1.za, P-2.za, P-3.za and NP.za are used in South Africa. National scale short-term ratings of AR-5 and AR-6 may also be applied to Argentine obligations.
Short-Term Obligation Ratings
The Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) scale is used to rate US municipal bond anticipation notes of up to five years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuers long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levelsMIG 1 through MIG 3while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG.
MIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned: a long- or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (demand feature). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scale.
VMIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
A-2 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
VMIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Standard & Poors Ratings Services
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings (S&P) analysis of the following considerations:
∎
Likelihood of paymentcapacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on a financial obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
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Nature and provisions of the financial obligation and the promise S&P imputes; and
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Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors rights.
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
Investment Grade
AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A: An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely weaken the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
Speculative Grade
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
NR: This indicates that no rating has been requested and there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1: A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | A-3 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
A-2: A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligors capcity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Dual Ratings: Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, AAA/A-1+ or A-1+/A-1). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, SP-1+/A-1+).
Active Qualifiers
S&P uses the following qualifiers that limit the scope of a rating. The structure of the transaction can require the use of a qualifier such as a p qualifier, which indicates the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. A qualifier appears as a suffix and is part of the rating.
L: Ratings qualified with L apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
p: This suffix is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The p suffix indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only and that the interest is not rated.
prelim: Preliminary ratings, with the prelim suffix, may be assigned to obligors or obligations, including financial programs, in the circumstances described below. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt by S&P of appropriate documentation. S&P reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Moreover, if a final rating is issued, it may differ from the preliminary rating.
∎
Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions.
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Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations that will likely be issued upon the obligors emergence from bankruptcy or similar reorganization, based on late-stage reorganization plans, documentation and discussions with the obligor. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligors. These ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the reorganized or post-bankruptcy issuer as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s).
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Preliminary ratings may be assigned to entities that are being formed or that are in the process of being independently established when, in S&Ps opinion, documentation is close to final. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligations of these entities.
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Preliminary ratings may be assigned when a previously unrated entity is undergoing a well-formulated restructuring, recapitalization, significant financing or other transformative event, generally at the point that investor or lender commitments are invited. The preliminary rating may be assigned to the entity and to its proposed obligation(s). These preliminary ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the obligor, as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s), assuming successful completion of the transformative event. Should the transformative event not occur, S&P would likely withdraw these preliminary ratings.
∎
A preliminary recovery rating may be assigned to an obligation that has a preliminary issue credit rating.
t: This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
cir: This symbol indicates a Counterparty Instrument Rating (CIR), which is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an issuer in a securitization structure with respect to a specific financial obligation to a counterparty (including interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and liquidity facilities). The CIR is determined on an ultimate payment basis; these opinions do not take into account timeliness of payment.
Inactive Qualifiers (no longer applied or outstanding)
*: This symbol that indicated that the rating was contingent upon S&P receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flows. Discontinued use in August 1998.
c: This qualifier was used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long-term credit rating of the issuer was lowered to below an investment-grade level and/or the issuers bonds were deemed taxable. Discontinued use in January 2001.
A-4 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
G: The letter G followed the rating symbol when a funds portfolio consisted primarily of direct U.S. government securities.
pi: This qualifier was used to indicate ratings that were based on an analysis of an issuers published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. Such ratings did not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuers management and therefore, could have been based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a pi suffix. Discontinued use as of December 2014 and as of August 2015 for Lloyds Syndicate Assessments.
pr: The letters pr indicate that the rating was provisional. A provisional rating assumed the successful completion of a project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements was largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, made no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion.
q: A q subscript indicates that the rating is based solely on quantitative analysis of publicly available information. Discontinued use in April 2001.
r: The r modifier was assigned to securities containing extraordinary risks, particularly market risks, that are not covered in the credit rating. The absence of an r modifier should not be taken as an indication that an obligation would not exhibit extraordinary non-credit related risks. S&P discontinued the use of the r modifier for most obligations in June 2000 and for the balance of obligations (mainly structured finance transactions) in November 2002.
Fitch Ratings
Long-Term Credit Ratings
Investment Grade
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs are also assigned to certain entities or enterprises in global infrastructure, project finance, and public finance. IDRs opine on an entitys relative vulnerability to default (including by way of a distressed debt exchange) on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agencys view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.
AAA: Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
Speculative Grade
BB: Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B: Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC: Substantial credit risk.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk.
C: Near default.
A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a C category rating for an issuer include:
a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or
c. the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;
d. a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent
RD: Restricted default. RD ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings opinion has experienced an uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include:
a. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
b. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;
c. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | A-5 |
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
d. ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default. D ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
Imminent default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agencys opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuers financial obligations or local commercial practice.
The modifiers + or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category AA has three notch-specific rating levels (AA+; AA; AA-; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to the AAA rating and ratings below the CCC category.
Recovery Ratings
Recovery Ratings are assigned to selected individual securities and obligations, most frequently for individual obligations of corporate finance issuers with IDRs in speculative grade categories.
Among the factors that affect recovery rates for securities are the collateral, the seniority relative to other obligations in the capital structure (where appropriate), and the expected value of the company or underlying collateral in distress.
The Recovery Rating scale is based on the expected relative recovery characteristics of an obligation upon the curing of a default, emergence from insolvency or following the liquidation or termination of the obligor or its associated collateral.
Recovery Ratings are an ordinal scale and do not attempt to precisely predict a given level of recovery. As a guideline in developing the rating assessments, the agency employs broad theoretical recovery bands in its ratings approach based on historical averages and analytical judgment, but actual recoveries for a given security may deviate materially from historical averages.
RR1: Outstanding recovery prospects given default. RR1 rated securities have characteristics consistent with securities historically recovering 91%-100% of current principal and related interest.
RR2: Superior recovery prospects given default. RR2 rated securities have characteristics consistent with securities historically recovering 71%-90% of current principal and related interest.
RR3: Good recovery prospects given default. RR3 rated securities have characteristics consistent with securities historically recovering 51%-70% of current principal and related interest.
RR4: Average recovery prospects given default. RR4 rated securities have characteristics consistent with securities historically recovering 31%-50% of current principal and related interest.
RR5: Below average recovery prospects given default. RR5 rated securities have characteristics consistent with securities historically recovering 11%-30% of current principal and related interest.
RR6: Poor recovery prospects given default. RR6 rated securities have characteristics consistent with securities historically recovering 0%-10% of current principal and related interest.
Short-Term Credit Ratings
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
A-6 | Prospectus | PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund |
Base Prospectus
Up to $1,000,000,000
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Common Shares
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
[ ], 2019
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019 | Prospectus | A-7 |
CEF006_[ ] |
The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information, which is not a prospectus, is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion dated December 3, 2019
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT AND
MORTGAGE INCOME FUND
Statement of Additional Information
[ ], 2019
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company.
Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO or the Investment Manager), 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, California 92660, is the investment manager to the Fund.
This Statement of Additional Information relating to the common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Fund (the Common Shares) is not a prospectus, and should be read in conjunction with the Funds prospectus relating thereto dated [ ], 2019 (the Prospectus) and any related prospectus supplement. This Statement of Additional Information does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Common Shares, and investors should obtain and read the Prospectus and any related prospectus supplement prior to purchasing such shares. A copy of the Prospectus and any related prospectus supplement may be obtained without charge by calling 844-337-4626. You may also obtain a copy of the Prospectus or any related prospectus supplement on the Web site of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) at http://www.sec.gov. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Statement of Additional Information have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus and any related prospectus supplement.
The Fund commenced operations on January 31, 2013, following the initial public offering of its common shares. The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on September 27, 2012. Prior to commencing operations on January 31, 2013, the Fund had no operations other than matters relating to its organization and registration as a diversified, closed-end management company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act).
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objectives and general investment policies of the Fund are described in the Prospectus. Additional information concerning the characteristics of certain of the Funds investments is set forth below. Unless a strategy or policy described below is specifically prohibited by the investment restrictions listed in the Prospectus, by the investment restrictions under Investment Restrictions in this Statement of Additional Information, or by applicable law, the Fund may engage in each of the practices described below. However, the Fund is not required to engage in any particular transaction or purchase any particular type of securities or investment even if to do so might benefit the Fund. Unless otherwise stated herein, all investment policies of the Fund may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the Board) without shareholder approval. In addition, the Fund may be subject to restrictions on its ability to utilize certain investments or investment techniques. Unless otherwise stated herein, these additional restrictions may be changed with the consent of the Board but without approval by or notice to shareholders.
When used in this Statement of Additional Information, the term invest includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly by investing in derivatives or through its wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries (each, a Subsidiary). The Fund may be exposed to the different types of investments described in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information through its investments in its Subsidiaries.
High Yield Securities (Junk Bonds) and Securities of Distressed Companies
The Fund may invest without limit in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or below BBB- by either S&P Global Ratings, a division of the McGraw Hill Companies (S&P), or Fitch, Inc. (Fitch)), or unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality. However, the Fund will not normally invest more than 20% of its total assets in debt instruments, other than mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, that are, at the time of purchase, rated CCC+ or lower by S&P and Fitch and Caa1 or lower by Moodys, or that are unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality to securities so rated. The Fund may invest without limit in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities regardless of ratingi.e., of any credit quality. For purposes of applying the foregoing policies, in the case of securities with split ratings (i.e., a security receiving two different ratings from two different rating agencies), the Fund will apply the higher of the applicable ratings. Subject to the aforementioned investment restrictions, the Fund may invest in securities of stressed issuers, which include securities at risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moodys or CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are determined by PIMCO to be
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of comparable quality. Below investment grade securities are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. Debt instruments in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics. A description of the ratings categories used is set forth in Appendix A to the Prospectus.
A security is considered to be below investment grade quality if it is either (1) not rated in one of the four highest rating categories by one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) (i.e., rated Ba or below by Moodys, BB or below by S&P or BB or below by Fitch) or (2) if unrated, determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality to obligations so rated. Investments in securities rated below investment grade are described as speculative by Moodys, S&P and Fitch, and are commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds. Additional information about Moodys, S&Ps and Fitchs securities ratings is included in Appendix A to the Prospectus.
Investors should consider the risks associated with high yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies before investing in the Fund. Investment in lower rated corporate debt securities and securities of distressed companies generally provides greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but it also typically entails greater price volatility and principal and income risk. Securities of distressed companies include both debt and equity securities. High yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Issuers of high yield and distressed company securities may be involved in restructurings or bankruptcy proceedings that may not be successful. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high yield or debt securities of distressed companies may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt.
The Funds investments in high yield securities, debt securities of distressed companies and unrated securities of similar credit quality may subject it to greater levels of credit risk, call risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. These securities are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuers continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than other types of securities. An economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these securities and reduce the Funds ability to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price.
A projection of an economic downturn, for example, could cause a decline in prices of high yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities, and a high yield security may lose significant market value before a default occurs. If an issuer of high yield or distressed company securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery of their respective investments. In the case of securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than securities which pay interest periodically and in cash.
Issuers of high yield securities and securities of distressed companies may have the right to call or redeem the issue prior to maturity, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest the proceeds in other high yield securities that may pay lower interest rates. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in these securities. In addition, the high
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yield securities and securities of distressed companies in which the Fund invests may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such securities may be comparatively illiquid relative to markets for other more liquid fixed-income securities. Consequently, transactions in high yield securities and distressed company securities may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded securities, which could adversely affect the price at which the Fund could sell a high yield or distressed company security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value of the shares. A lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may, in certain circumstances, make high yield and distressed company debt difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in the Fund being unable to realize full value for these securities and/or may result in the Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a high yield or distressed company security for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to the Fund. Because of the risks involved in investing in high yield securities and securities of distressed companies, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.
Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities and distressed company securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities, and achievement of the Funds investment objectives may, to the extent of its investments in high yield and distressed company securities, depend more heavily on PIMCOs creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher quality securities.
High yield securities structured as zero-coupon bonds or payment-in-kind securities (PIKs) tend to be especially volatile as they are particularly sensitive to downward pricing pressures from rising interest rates or widening spreads and may require the Fund to make taxable distributions of income greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund has actually received. PIMCO seeks to reduce these risks through credit analysis and attention to current developments and trends in both the economy and financial markets. Even though such securities do not pay current interest in cash, the Fund nonetheless is required to accrue interest income on these investments and to distribute the interest income on a current basis. Thus, the Fund could be required at times to sell other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements (including when it is not advantageous to do so).
The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which the Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value of the shares. Lower liquidity in secondary markets could adversely affect the value of high yield/high risk securities held by the Fund. While lower rated securities typically are less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher rated securities, the market prices of high yield/high risk securities structured as zero coupon bonds or PIKs may be affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes. For instance, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities, especially in a thinly traded market. When secondary markets for high yield and distressed company securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. PIMCO seeks to minimize the risks of investing in all securities through in-depth credit analysis and attention to current developments in interest rates and market conditions.
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The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating high yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings are intended to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of a debt security, not the market value risk of the security. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated. PIMCO does not rely solely on credit ratings when selecting debt securities for the Fund, and develops its own independent analysis of issuer credit quality. If a credit rating agency changes the rating of a debt security held by the Fund, the Fund may retain the security if PIMCO deems it in the best interest of shareholders.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities
Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Such mortgage loans may include reperforming loans (RPLs), which are loans that have previously been delinquent but are current at the time securitized. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund will normally invest at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities.
The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, stripped mortgage- backed securities (SMBSs) and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. The Fund may also invest in other types of asset-backed securities, including collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), which include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities. The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest may pay variable or fixed rates of interest.
Through investments in mortgage-related securities, including those that are issued by private issuers, the Fund may have exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. Private issuers include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies and special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or SPVs) and other entities that acquire and package mortgage loans for resale as mortgage-related securities.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Mortgage pass-through securities are securities representing interests in pools of mortgage loans secured by residential or commercial real property. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed or variable amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a pass-through of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by
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repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association ( GNMA)) are described as modified pass-through. These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. Early repayment of principal on some mortgage-related securities (arising from prepayments of principal due to the sale of the underlying property, refinancing, or foreclosure, net of fees and costs that may be incurred) may expose the Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Also, if a security subject to prepayment has been purchased at a premium, the value of the premium would be lost in the event of prepayment. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of a mortgage-related security generally will decline; however, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage-related securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed-income securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-related and other ABS are also subject to some interest rate risk. For example, because interest rates on most adjustable rate mortgage- and other ABS only reset periodically (e.g., monthly or quarterly), changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause fluctuations in the market value of these securities, including declines in value as interest rates rise. In addition, to the extent that unanticipated rates of prepayment on underlying mortgages increase the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase.
The residential mortgage market in the United States has experienced in the past, and could experience in the future, difficulties that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain of the Funds mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) may increase substantially over a small period of time. A decline in or flattening of housing values may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses on residential mortgages. Borrowers with adjustable rate mortgage loans are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at comparably low interest rates. As a result of the 2008 financial crisis, a number of residential mortgage loan originators experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Owing largely to the foregoing, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for certain mortgage-related securities, which adversely affected the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could recur or worsen in the future.
Mortgage-related securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Funds industry concentration restrictions (see Investment Restrictions) by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities.
Agency Mortgage-Related Securities. Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage pass-through securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by GNMA) or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities
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guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association ( FNMA) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ( FHLMC)). The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (the Department of Housing and Urban Development or HUD). GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the FHA), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the VA).
Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation that issues Participation Certificates (PCs), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
FNMA and FHLMC also securitize RPLs. For example, in FNMAs case, the RPLs are single-family, fixed rate reperforming loans that generally were previously placed in an MBS trust guaranteed by FNMA, purchased from the trust by FNMA and held as a distressed asset after four or more months of delinquency, and subsequently became current (i.e. performing) again. Such RPLs may have exited delinquency through efforts at reducing defaults (e.g., loan modification). In selecting RPLs for securitization, FNMA follows certain criteria related to length of time the loan has been performing, the type of loan (single-family, fixed rate), and the status of the loan as first lien, among other things. FNMA may include different loan structures and modification programs in the future.
On September 6, 2008, the FHFA placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship. As the conservator, the FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC.
In connection with the conservatorship, the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the U.S. Treasury) entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with each of FNMA and FHLMC pursuant to which the U.S. Treasury will purchase up to an aggregate of $100 billion of each of FNMA and FHLMC to maintain a positive net worth in each enterprise. This agreement contains various covenants that severely limit each enterprises operations. In exchange for entering into these agreements, the U.S. Treasury received $1 billion of each enterprises senior preferred securities and warrants to purchase 79.9% of each enterprises common stock. On February 18, 2009, the U.S.
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Treasury announced that it was doubling the size of its commitment to each enterprise under the Senior Preferred Stock Program to $200 billion. The U.S. Treasurys obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock Program are for an indefinite period of time for a maximum amount of $200 billion per enterprise. In 2009, the U.S. Treasury further amended the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement to allow the cap on the U.S. Treasurys funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in FNMAs and FHLMCs net worth through the end of 2012. In August 2012, the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement was further amended to, among other things, accelerate the wind down of the retained portfolio, terminate the requirement that FNMA and FHLMC each pay a 10% dividend annually on all amounts received under the funding commitment, and require the submission of an annual risk management plan to the U.S. Treasury.
FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement is intended to enhance each of FNMAs and FHLMCs ability to meet its obligations. The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFAs plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the Reform Act), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFAs appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMAs or FHLMCs affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver.
FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMAs or FHLMCs assets available therefor.
In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders.
Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
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In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of FNMA and FHLMC. In the event that FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMAs and FHLMCs creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock Programs. Should FNMAs and FHLMCs conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to the Fund.
In June 2019, under the Single Security Initiative, FNMA and FHLMC started issuing a uniform mortgage-backed security (UMBS) in place of their current offerings of TBA-eligible securities. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the TBA market and aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The effects that the Single Security Initiative may have on the market for TBA and other mortgage backed securities are uncertain.
Privately Issued Mortgage-Related (Non-Agency) Securities. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities, private insurers or the mortgage poolers. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees, and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof, will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Funds investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their
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obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the Investment Manager determines that the securities meet the Funds quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Mortgage pools underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value ratio mortgages and manufactured housing loans, in addition to commercial mortgages and other types of mortgages where a government or government sponsored entity guarantee is not available. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a privately-issued mortgage-related securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans are loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.
The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by loans that were originated under weak underwriting standards, including loans made to borrowers with limited means to make repayment. A level of risk exists for all loans, although, historically, the poorest performing loans have been those classified as subprime. Other types of privately issued mortgage-related securities, such as those classified as pay-option adjustable rate or Alt-A have also performed poorly. Even loans classified as prime have experienced higher levels of delinquencies and defaults. The substantial decline in real property values across the U.S. has exacerbated the level of losses that investors in privately issued mortgage-related securities have experienced. It is not certain when these trends may reverse. Market factors that may adversely affect mortgage loan repayment include adverse economic conditions, unemployment, a decline in the value of real property, or an increase in interest rates.
The Fund may purchase privately issued mortgage-related securities that are originated, packaged and serviced by third party entities. It is possible these third parties could have interests that are in conflict with the holders of mortgage-related securities, and such holders (such as the Fund) could have rights against the third parties or their affiliates. For example, if a loan originator, servicer or its affiliates engaged in negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties, then a holder of the mortgage-related security could seek recourse against the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable. Also, as a loan originator/servicer, the originator/servicer or its affiliates may make certain representations and warranties regarding the quality of the mortgages and properties underlying a mortgage-related security. If one or more of those representations or warranties is false, then the holders of the mortgage-related securities (such as the Fund) could trigger an obligation of the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable, to repurchase the mortgages from the issuing
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trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing, many of the third parties that are legally bound by trust and other documents have failed to perform their respective duties, as stipulated in such trust and other documents, and investors have had limited success in enforcing terms. To the extent third party entities involved with privately issued mortgage-related securities are involved in litigation relating to the securities, actions may be taken that are adverse to the interests of holders of the mortgage-related securities, including the Fund. For example, third parties may seek to withhold proceeds due to holders of the mortgage-related securities, including the Fund, to cover legal or related costs. Any such action could result in losses to the Fund.
Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Funds portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
The assets underlying mortgage-related securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential or commercial mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests that may be senior or junior in terms of priority of repayment) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
The Investment Manager seeks to manage the portion of the Funds assets committed to privately issued mortgage-related securities in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and overall portfolio risk profile. In determining whether and how much to invest in privately issued mortgage-related securities, and how to allocate those assets, the Investment Manager will consider a number of factors. These include, but are not limited to: (1) the nature of the borrowers (e.g., residential vs. commercial); (2) the collateral loan type (e.g., for residential: First Lien - Jumbo/Prime, First Lien - Alt-A, First Lien - Subprime, First Lien - Pay-Option or Second Lien; for commercial: Conduit, Large Loan or Single Asset/Single Borrower); and (3) in the case of residential loans, whether they are fixed rate or adjustable mortgages. Each of these criteria can cause privately issued mortgage-related securities to have differing primary economic characteristics and distinguishable risk factors and performance characteristics.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semi-annually or on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC, and their income streams.
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CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as tranches, with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including prepayments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. In the case of certain CMOs (known as sequential pay CMOs), payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made to any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (issuer) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (Bonds). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (Collateral). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B, and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B, or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begin to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or ABS.
As CMOs have evolved, some classes of CMO bonds have become more common. For example, the Fund may invest in parallel-pay and planned amortization class (PAC) CMOs and multi-class pass-through certificates. Parallel-pay CMOs and multi-class pass-through certificates are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated maturity date or final distribution date of each class, which, as with other CMO and multi-class pass-through structures, must be retired by its stated maturity date or final distribution date but may be retired earlier. PACs generally require payments of a specified amount of principal on each payment date. PACs are parallel-pay CMOs with the required principal amount on such securities having the highest priority after interest has been paid to all classes. Any CMO or multi-class pass-through structure that includes PAC securities must also have support tranchesknown as support bonds, companion bonds or non-PAC bondswhich lend or absorb principal cash flows to allow the PAC securities to maintain their stated maturities and final distribution dates within a range of actual prepayment experience. These support tranches are subject to a higher level of maturity risk compared to other mortgage-related securities, and usually provide a higher yield to compensate investors. If principal cash flows are received in amounts outside a pre-determined range such that the support bonds cannot lend or absorb sufficient cash flows to the PAC securities as intended, the PAC securities are subject to heightened maturity risk. Consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies, PIMCO may invest in various tranches of CMO bonds, including support bonds.
FHLMC Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates which are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semi-annually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each
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semi-annual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMCs mandatory sinking fund schedule, which in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMCs minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the pass-through nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMCs minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.
If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semi-annual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMCs minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.
Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or ABS.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (IO) class of SMBSs. See Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities below. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to SMBSs, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
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CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability and may be deemed illiquid.
Adjustable Rate Mortgage Backed Securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (ARMBSs) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed-income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed-income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed-income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. SMBSs are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Funds yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. SMBSs may be deemed illiquid.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals or SMBSs. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or
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instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
Mortgage-related securities include, among other things, securities that reflect an interest in reverse mortgages. In a reverse mortgage, a lender makes a loan to a homeowner based on the homeowners equity in his or her home. While a homeowner must be age 62 or older to qualify for a reverse mortgage, reverse mortgages may have no income restrictions. Repayment of the interest or principal for the loan is generally not required until the homeowner dies, sells the home, or ceases to use the home as his or her primary residence.
There are three general types of reverse mortgages: (1) single-purpose reverse mortgages, which are offered by certain state and local government agencies and nonprofit organizations; (2) federally-insured reverse mortgages, which are backed by the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; and (3) proprietary reverse mortgages, which are privately offered loans. A mortgage-related security may be backed by a single type of reverse mortgage. Reverse mortgage-related securities include agency and privately issued mortgage-related securities. The principal government guarantor of reverse mortgage-related securities is GNMA.
Reverse mortgage-related securities may be subject to risks different than other types of mortgage-related securities due to the unique nature of the underlying loans. The date of repayment for such loans is uncertain and may occur sooner or later than anticipated. The timing of payments for the corresponding mortgage-related security may be uncertain. Because reverse mortgages are offered only to persons 62 and older and there may be no income restrictions, the loans may react differently than traditional home loans to market events. Additionally, there can be no assurance that service providers to reverse mortgage trusts (RMTs) will diligently and appropriately execute their duties with respect to servicing such trusts. As a result, investors (which may include the Fund) in notes issued by RMTs may be deprived of payments to which they are entitled. This could result in losses to the Fund. Investors, including the Fund, may determine to pursue negotiations or legal claims or otherwise seek compensation from RMT service providers in certain instances. This may involve the Fund incurring costs and expenses associated with such actions.
Asset-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in, or have exposure to, asset-backed securities (ABS), which are securities that represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, a stream of payments generated by particular assets, most often a pool or pools of similar assets (e.g., trade receivables). ABS are created from many types of assets, including, but not limited to, auto loans, accounts receivable such as credit card receivables and hospital account receivables, home equity loans, student loans, boat loans, mobile home loans, recreational vehicle loans, manufactured housing loans, aircraft leases, computer leases and syndicated bank loans. The credit quality of these securities depends primarily upon the quality of the underlying assets and the level of credit support and/or enhancement provided. To protect ABS investors from the possibility that some borrowers could miss payments or even default on their loans, ABS include various forms of credit enhancement.
The underlying assets (e.g., loans) are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities weighted average maturity and may lower their return. If the credit support or enhancement is exhausted, losses or delays in payment may result if the required payments of principal and interest are not made. The value of these securities also may change because of changes in the markets perception
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of the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the pool, or the financial institution or trust providing the credit support or enhancement. Typically, there is no perfected security interest in the collateral that relates to the financial assets that support ABS. ABS have many of the same characteristics and risks as the mortgage backed securities described above.
The Fund may purchase or have exposure to commercial paper, including asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP), that is issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits. These conduits may be sponsored by mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, hedge funds, private equity firms and special purpose finance entities. ABCP typically refers to a short-term debt security, the payment of which is supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both. Assets backing ABCP include credit card, car loan and other consumer receivables and home or commercial mortgages, including subprime mortgages. The repayment of ABCP issued by a conduit depends primarily on the cash collections received from the conduits underlying asset portfolio and the conduits ability to issue new ABCP. Therefore, there could be losses to the Fund if investing in ABCP in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the conduits underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing ABCP, or the conduits inability to issue new ABCP. To protect investors from these risks, ABCP programs may be structured with various protections, such as credit enhancement, liquidity support, and commercial paper stop-issuance and wind-down triggers. However, there can be no guarantee that these protections will be sufficient to prevent losses to investors in ABCP. Some ABCP programs provide for an extension of the maturity date of the ABCP if, on the related maturity date, the conduit is unable to access sufficient liquidity through the issue of additional ABCP. This may delay the sale of the underlying collateral and the Fund may incur a loss if the value of the collateral deteriorates during the extension period. Alternatively, if collateral for ABCP deteriorates in value, the collateral may be required to be sold at inopportune times or at prices insufficient to repay the principal and interest on the ABCP. ABCP programs may provide for the issuance of subordinated notes as an additional form of credit enhancement. The subordinated notes are typically of a lower credit quality and have a higher risk of default. To the extent the Fund purchases these subordinated notes, it will have a higher likelihood of loss than investors in the senior notes.
Some ABS, particularly home equity loan transactions, are subject to interest-rate risk and prepayment risk. A change in interest rates can affect the pace of payments on the underlying loans, which in turn, affects total return on the securities. ABS also carry credit or default risk. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in an ABS transaction. Finally, ABS have structure risk due to a unique characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of most ABS are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include: a big rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level, or even the bankruptcy of the originator. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments (after expenses are paid) are used to pay investors as quickly as possible based upon a predetermined priority of payment.
Collateralized Bond Obligations, Collateralized Loan Obligations and Other Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest in each of CBOs, CLOs, other CDOs and other similarly structured securities. CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are types of ABS. A CBO is a trust that is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed-income securities such as high-yield debt,
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residential privately issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately issued mortgage-related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Other CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.
For CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust, CLO trust or trust of another CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO, CLO or other CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of the collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO, CLO or other CDO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind or deferred and capitalized (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.
The risks of an investment in a CBO, CLO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which the Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs allowing them to qualify for transactions under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information and the Prospectus (e.g., prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, legal risk and interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or inversely to changes in interest rates) and default risk), CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs carry additional risks that include, but are not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the risk that the Fund may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; (v) the investment return achieved by the Fund could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models; (vi) the lack of a readily available secondary market for CDOs; (vii) risk of forced fire sale liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures; and (viii) the CDOs manager may perform poorly.
Other Asset-Backed Securities. Similarly, PIMCO expects that other ABS (unrelated to mortgage loans) will be offered to investors in the future and may be purchased by the Fund. Several types of ABS have already been offered to investors, including Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (EETCs) and Certificates for Automobile ReceivablesSM (CARSSM).
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EETCs are typically issued by specially-created trusts established by airlines, railroads, or other transportation corporations. The proceeds of EETCs are used to purchase equipment, such as airplanes, railroad cars, or other equipment, which in turn serve as collateral for the related issue of the EETCs. The equipment generally is leased by the airline, railroad or other corporation, which makes rental payments to provide the projected cash flow for payments to EETC holders. Holders of EETCs must look to the collateral securing the certificates, typically together with a guarantee provided by the lessee corporation or its parent company for the payment of lease obligations, in the case of default in the payment of principal and interest on the EETCs. However, because principal and interest payments on EETCs are funded in the ordinary course by the lessee corporation, the Fund treats EETCs as corporate bonds/obligations for purposes of compliance testing and related classifications.
CARSSM represent undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a pool of motor vehicle retail installment sales contracts and security interests in the vehicles securing the contracts. Payments of principal and interest on CARSSM are passed through monthly to certificate holders, and are guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trustee or originator of the trust. An investors return on CARSSM may be affected by early prepayment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contracts. If the letter of credit is exhausted, the trust may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on a sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to foreclosure sales of vehicles and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, or other factors. As a result, certificate holders may experience delays in payments or losses if the letter of credit is exhausted.
Consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies, PIMCO also may invest in other types of asset-backed and related securities (such as credit card receivables or student loans). Other ABS may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. The value of ABS may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of the underlying assets.
Investors should note that Congress from time to time may consider actions that would limit or remove the explicit or implicit guarantee of the payment of principal and/or interest on many types of ABS. Any such action would likely adversely impact the value of such securities.
Real Estate Assets and Related Derivatives
The Fund may generally gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real-estate linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts (REITs) and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. The Fund may also invest in loans or other investments secured by real estate (other than mortgage-backed securities) and may, as a result of default, foreclosure or otherwise, take possession of and hold real estate as a direct owner (see Loans and Other Indebtedness; Loan Participations and Assignments below). Each of these types
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of investments are subject, directly or indirectly, to risks associated with ownership of real estate, including changes in the general economic climate or local conditions (such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for space), loss to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest rates, overbuilding and increased competition, including competition based on rental rates, variations in market value, changes in the financial condition of tenants, changes in operating costs, attractiveness and location of the properties, adverse changes in the real estate markets generally or in specific sectors of the real estate industry and possible environmental liabilities. Real estate-related investments may entail leverage and may be highly volatile.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and typically operate, income-producing real estate. If a REIT meets certain requirements, including distributing to shareholders substantially all of its taxable income (other than net capital gains), then it is not generally taxed on the income distributed to shareholders. REITs are subject to management fees and other expenses, and so the Fund would bear its proportionate share of the costs of the REITs operations if it invests in REITs.
There are three general categories of REITs: Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest primarily in direct fee ownership or leasehold ownership of real property; they derive most of their income from rents. Mortgage REITs invest mostly in mortgages on real estate, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans, and the main source of their income is mortgage interest payments. Hybrid REITs hold both ownership and mortgage interests in real estate.
Along with the risks common to different types of real estate related securities, REITs, no matter the type, involve additional risk factors. These include poor performance by the REITs manager, adverse changes to the tax laws, and failure by the REIT to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). In addition, some REITs have limited diversification because they invest in a limited number of properties, a narrow geographic area, or a single type of property. Also, the organizational documents of a REIT may contain provisions that make changes in control of the REIT difficult and time-consuming. Finally, private REITs are not traded on a national securities exchange. As such, these products may be less liquid. This reduces the ability of the Fund to redeem its investment early. Private REITs are also generally harder to value and may bear higher fees than public REITs.
Some of the REITs in which the Fund may invest may be permitted to hold senior or residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or debt or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). The Fund may also hold interests in Re-REMICs, which are interests in securitizations formed by the contribution of asset backed or other similar securities into a trust which then issues securities in various tranches. The Fund may participate in the creation of a Re-REMIC by contributing assets to the trust and receiving junior and/or senior securities in return. An interest in a Re-REMIC security may be riskier than the securities originally held by and contributed to the trust, and the holders of the Re-REMIC securities will bear the costs associated with the securitization.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities
The Fund may invest without limit in instruments of corporate and other foreign (non-U.S.) issuers, and in instruments traded principally outside of the United States. The Fund may invest in sovereign
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and other debt securities issued by foreign governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies or instrumentalities, government sponsored enterprises and supranational government entities. The Fund may also invest directly in foreign currencies, including local emerging market currencies.
The foreign securities in which the Fund may invest include without limit Eurodollar obligations and Yankee Dollar obligations. Eurodollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee Dollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks. Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar obligations are generally subject to the same risks that apply to domestic debt issues, notably credit risk, interest rate risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee Dollar) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding or other taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
The Fund may also invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) or Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued generally by domestic banks and represent the deposit with the bank of a security of a non-U.S. issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts similar to ADRs and are issued and traded in Europe, and are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter (OTC) in the United States. GDRs may be offered privately in the United States and also trade in public or private markets in other countries. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities trade in the form of ADRs, EDRs or GDRs. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program.
Investing in non-U.S. securities involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. These include: differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on non-U.S. portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), market disruption, the possibility of security suspensions, political instability which can affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. In addition, foreign securities and the Funds income in respect of those securities may be subject to foreign taxes, including taxes withheld from payments on those securities, which would reduce the Funds return on such securities. Non-U.S. securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities that are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The currencies of non-U.S. countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund.
Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest
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when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entitys willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entitys policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entitys implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtors obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtors ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt. Holders of sovereign debt (including the Fund) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.
The investments in foreign currency denominated debt obligations and hedging activities by the Fund will likely produce a difference between the Funds book income and its taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Funds income distributions to constitute returns of capital for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal tax purposes. The Funds investments in non-U.S. securities may increase or accelerate the amount of ordinary income recognized by shareholders. See Taxation.
Euro- and EU-related risks. The global economic crisis brought several small economies in Europe to the brink of bankruptcy and many other economies into recession and weakened the banking and financial sectors of many European countries. For example, the governments of Greece, Spain, Portugal, and the Republic of Ireland have all experienced large public budget deficits, the effects of which are still yet unknown and may slow the overall recovery of the European economies from the global economic crisis. In addition, due to large public deficits, some European countries may be dependent on assistance from other European governments and institutions or other central banks or supranational agencies such as the International Monetary Fund. Assistance may be dependent on a countrys implementation of reforms or reaching a certain level of performance. Failure to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance could result in a deep economic downturn which could significantly affect the value of the Funds European investments.
The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU) is comprised of the European Union (EU) members that have adopted the euro currency. By adopting the euro as its currency, a member state relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, European countries are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary policies implemented by the EMU and European Central Bank. The euro currency may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally.
It is possible that one or more EMU member countries could abandon the euro and return to a national currency and/or that the euro will cease to exist as a single currency in its current form. The
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effects of such an abandonment or a countrys forced expulsion from the euro on that country, the rest of the EMU, and global markets are impossible to predict, but are likely to be negative. The exit of any country out of the euro may have an extremely destabilizing effect on other Eurozone countries and their economies and a negative effect on the global economy as a whole. Such an exit by one country may also increase the possibility that additional countries may exit the euro should they face similar financial difficulties. In addition, in the event of one or more countries exit from the euro, it may be difficult to value investments denominated in euros or in a replacement currency.
The Fund may face potential risks associated with the referendum on the United Kingdoms continued membership in the EU, which resulted in a vote for the United Kingdom to leave the EU (commonly known as Brexit). Given the size and importance of the United Kingdoms economy, the vote to leave the EU may result in substantial volatility in foreign exchange markets and may lead to a sustained weakness in the British pounds exchange rate against the United States dollar, the euro and other currencies, which may impact Fund returns. The vote to leave the EU may also result in a sustained period of market uncertainty, as the United Kingdom seeks to negotiate the terms of its exit. In this regard, there is a significant degree of uncertainty about how negotiations relating to the United Kingdoms withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for Brexit. The vote to leave the EU may also destabilize some or all of the other EU member countries and/or the Eurozone. The ultimate effects of these events and other socio-political or geopolitical issues are not known but could profoundly affect global economies and markets. These developments could result in losses to the Fund, as there may be negative effects on the value of Funds investments and/or on Funds ability to enter into certain transactions or value certain investments, and these developments may make it more difficult for the Fund to exit certain investments at an advantageous time or price. Such events could result from, among other things, increased uncertainty and volatility in the United Kingdom, the EU and other financial markets; fluctuations in asset values; fluctuations in exchange rates; decreased liquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the United Kingdom, the EU or elsewhere; changes in the willingness or ability of financial and other counterparties to enter into transactions or the price and terms on which other counterparties are willing to transact; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which Fund investments are or become subject. Any of these events, as well as an exit or expulsion of an EU member state other than the United Kingdom from the EU, could negatively impact Fund returns.
Redenomination Risk. Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the euro and the EMU has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Funds portfolio investments. If one or more EMU countries were to stop using the euro as its primary currency, the Funds investments in such countries may be redenominated into a different or newly adopted currency. As a result, the value of those investments could decline significantly and unpredictably. In addition, securities or other investments that are redenominated may be subject to foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and valuation risk to a greater extent than similar investments currently denominated in euros. To the extent a currency used for redenomination purposes is not specified in respect of certain EMU-related investments, or should the euro cease to be used entirely, the currency in which such investments are denominated may be unclear, making such investments particularly difficult to value or dispose of. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek judicial or other clarification of the denomination or value of such securities. There can be no assurance that if the Fund earns income or capital gains in a non-U.S. country or PIMCO otherwise seeks to withdraw the Funds investments from a given country, capital controls
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Political Risks/Risks of Conflicts. Recently, various countries have seen significant internal conflicts and in some cases, civil wars may have had an adverse impact on the securities markets of the countries concerned. In addition, the occurrence of new disturbances due to acts of war or other political developments cannot be excluded. Apparently stable systems may experience periods of disruption or improbable reversals of policy. Nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes, government regulation, political, regulatory or social instability or uncertainty or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Funds investments. The transformation from a centrally planned, socialist economy to a more market oriented economy has also resulted in many economic and social disruptions and distortions. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the economic, regulatory and political initiatives necessary to achieve and sustain such a transformation will continue or, if such initiatives continue and are sustained, that they will be successful or that such initiatives will continue to benefit foreign (or non-national) investors. Certain instruments, such as inflation index instruments, may depend upon measures compiled by governments (or entities under their influence) which are also the obligors.
Investments in Russia. The Fund may invest in securities and instruments that are economically tied to Russia. In addition to the risks listed above under Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities, investing in Russia presents additional risks. In particular, investments in Russia are subject to various risks such as political, economic, legal, market and currency risks. The risks include uncertain political and economic policies, short term market volatility, poor accounting standards, corruption and crime, an inadequate regulatory system, and unpredictable taxation. Investments in Russia are particularly subject to the risk that economic sanctions may be imposed by the United States and/or other countries. Such sanctions which may impact companies in many sectors, including energy, financial services and defense, among others may negatively impact the Funds performance and/or ability to achieve its investment objectives. The Russian securities market is characterized by limited volume of trading, resulting in difficulty in obtaining accurate prices. The Russian securities market, as compared to U.S. markets, has significant price volatility, less liquidity, a smaller market capitalization and a smaller number of traded securities. There may be little publicly available information about issuers. Settlement, clearing and registration of securities transactions are subject to risks because of registration systems that may not be subject to effective government supervision. This may result in significant delays or problems in registering the transfer of securities. Russian securities laws may not recognize foreign nominee accounts held with a custodian bank, and therefore the custodian may be considered the ultimate owner of securities they hold for their clients. Ownership of securities issued by Russian companies is recorded by companies themselves and by registrars instead of through a central registration system. It is possible that the ownership rights of the Fund could be lost through fraud or negligence. While applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of loss of share registration. Adverse currency exchange rates are a risk and there may be a lack of available currency hedging instruments. Investments in Russia may be subject to the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for a significant portion of Russias exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices.
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Emerging Market Securities
The Fund may invest without limit in investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the relevant countrys local currency with less than one year remaining to maturity (short-term investment grade sovereign debt), including short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries, other than investments in short-term investment grade sovereign debt issued by emerging market issuers, where as noted above there is no limit.
PIMCO generally considers an instrument to be economically tied to an emerging market country if: the issuer is organized under the laws of an emerging market country; the currency of settlement of the security is a currency of an emerging market country; the security is guaranteed by the government of an emerging market country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government); for an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located is an emerging market country; or the securitys country of exposure is an emerging market country, as determined by the criteria set forth below.
With respect to derivative instruments, PIMCO generally considers such instruments to be economically tied to emerging market countries if the underlying assets are currencies of emerging market countries (or baskets or indexes of such currencies), or instruments or securities that are issued or guaranteed by governments of emerging market countries or by entities organized under the laws of emerging market countries or if an instruments country of exposure is an emerging market country. A securitys country of exposure is determined by PIMCO using certain factors provided by a third-party analytical service provider. The factors are applied in order such that the first factor to result in the assignment of a country determines the country of exposure. Both the factors and the order in which they are applied may change in the discretion of PIMCO. The current factors, listed in the order in which they are applied, are: (i) if an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located, (ii) the country of risk of the issuer, (iii) if the security is guaranteed by the government of a country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government), the country of the government or instrumentality providing the guarantee, (iv) the country of risk of the issuers ultimate parent, or (v) the country where the issuer is organized or incorporated under the laws thereof. Country of risk is a separate four-part test determined by the following factors, listed in order of importance: (i) management location, (ii) country of primary listing, (iii) sales or revenue attributable to the country, and (iv) reporting currency of the issuer. PIMCO has broad discretion to identify countries that it considers to qualify as emerging markets. In exercising such discretion, PIMCO identifies countries as emerging markets consistent with the strategic objectives of the Fund. For example, the Fund may consider a country to be an emerging market country based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, if the country is classified as an emerging or developing economy by any supranational organization such as the World Bank or the United Nations, or related entities, or if the country is considered an emerging market country for purposes of constructing emerging markets indices. In some cases, this approach may result in PIMCO identifying a particular country as an emerging market with respect to the Fund, that may not be identified as an emerging market with respect to other funds managed by PIMCO.
The risks of investing in non-U.S. securities are particularly high when the issuers are tied economically to countries with developing or emerging market economies. Countries with emerging market economies are those with securities markets that are, in the opinion of PIMCO, less sophisticated than more developed markets in terms of participation by investors, analyst
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coverage, liquidity and regulation. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities, and imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in non-U.S., developed countries. These risks include: greater risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk of war); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Funds ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; the fact that companies in emerging market countries may be smaller, less seasoned and newly organized companies; the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; the risk that it may be more difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. In addition, a number of emerging market countries restrict, to various degrees, foreign investment in securities, and high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.
The Fund may also invest in Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Nicholas F. Brady (the Brady Plan). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in a number of countries, including: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jordan, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in the OTC secondary market. Brady Bonds are not considered to be U.S. Government securities. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady Bonds. Interest payments on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized on a one-year or longer rolling-forward basis by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one years interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter. Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to value recovery payments in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the residual risk).
Most Mexican Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity fully collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other
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currencies) and interest coupon payments collateralized on an 18-month rolling-forward basis by funds held in escrow by an agent for the bondholders. A significant portion of the Venezuelan Brady Bonds and the Argentine Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and/or interest coupon payments collateralized on a 14-month (for Venezuela) or 12-month (for Argentina) rolling-forward basis by securities held by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as collateral agent.
Brady Bonds involve various risk factors including residual risk and the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds in which the Fund may invest will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause the Fund to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of their holdings.
Foreign Currency Transactions
The Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options (see Derivative Instruments below), and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts (forwards). The Fund may engage in these transactions in order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities or because PIMCO believes a currency to which the Fund is exposed is overvalued. The Fund may also use foreign currency options, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency futures and foreign spot transactions to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.
A forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a certain amount of a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect the Fund against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Open positions in forwards used for non-hedging purposes will be covered by the segregation with the Funds custodian of assets determined to be liquid, and are marked to market daily. Although forwards may be used to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result should the value of such currencies increase. Forwards are used primarily to adjust the foreign exchange exposure of the Fund with a view to protecting the outlook, and the Fund might be expected to enter into such contracts under the following circumstances:
Lock In. When PIMCO desires to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.
Cross Hedge. If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, the Fund may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency which is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of the Funds exposure to the currency sold.
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Direct Hedge. If PIMCO wants to eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if PIMCO thinks that the Fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given countrys bonds but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, the Fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency to which the Fund is exposed through the security and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated the contract. The cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but the Fund would hope to benefit from an increase (if any) in the value of the security.
Proxy Hedge. The Fund might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, the Fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency to which the Fund is exposed through the security. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be closer to those in the United States and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.
Costs of Hedging. When the Fund purchases a foreign (non-U.S.) bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign (non-U.S.) bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the Fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is what is known as the cost of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar.
It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from the Funds dividend distribution and are not reflected in its yield. Instead such costs will, over time, be reflected in the Funds net asset value per share.
The Fund may enter into foreign currency transactions as a substitute for cash investments and for other investment purposes not involving hedging, including, without limitation, to exchange payments received in a foreign currency into U.S. dollars or in anticipation of settling a transaction that requires the Fund to deliver a foreign currency.
The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a foreign currency forward contract. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if PIMCOs predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. Also, foreign currency transactions, like currency exchange rates, can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments. Such events may prevent or restrict the Funds ability to enter into foreign currency transactions, force the Fund to exit a foreign currency transaction at a disadvantageous time or price or result in penalties for the Fund, any of which may result in a loss to the Fund. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks, and may leave the Fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because foreign currency forward contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have flexibility to roll-over a foreign currency forward contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no
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assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder. Under definitions adopted by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) and the SEC, many non-deliverable foreign currency forwards are considered swaps for certain purposes, including determination of whether such instruments need to be exchange-traded and centrally cleared as discussed further in Risks of Government Regulation of Derivatives and Additional Risk Factors in Cleared Derivatives Transactions. These changes are expected to reduce counterparty risk as compared to bi-laterally negotiated contracts.
The Fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as to protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these monies are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.
Tax Consequences of Hedging and other Foreign Currency Transactions. Foreign currency gains are generally treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income test described under Taxation below. However, it is possible the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) could issue contrary regulations with respect to foreign currency gains that are not directly related to a regulated investment companys principal business of investing in stocks or securities (or options or futures with respect to stocks or securities), and such regulations could apply retroactively. Such regulations, if issued, could limit the ability of the Fund to enter into the foreign currency transactions described above or could bear adversely on the Funds ability to qualify as a regulated investment company. In addition, hedging transactions may result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the Code. Those provisions could affect the amount, timing or character of dividends paid by the Fund, including whether dividends paid by the Fund are classified as capital gains or ordinary income.
Foreign Currency Exchange-Related Securities
Foreign Currency Warrants. Foreign currency warrants such as Currency Exchange WarrantsSM are warrants which entitle the holder to receive from their issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) which is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk which, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international fixed-income marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event that the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese yen or the Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who
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possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining time value of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, in the case the warrants were out-of-the-money, in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (the OCC). Unlike foreign currency options issued by the OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.
Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities (PERLsSM) are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on standard principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar; reverse principal exchange rate linked securities are like standard securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLs may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
Performance Indexed Paper. Performance indexed paper is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a designated currency as of or about that time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
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U.S. Government Securities
U.S. Government securities are obligations of, and, in certain cases, guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the net asset value of the Funds shares. U.S. Government securities are subject to market and interest rate risk, and may be subject to varying degrees of credit risk. Some U.S. Government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations; and still others, such as securities issued by members of the Farm Credit System, are supported only by the credit of the agency, instrumentality or corporation.
Securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. GNMA, a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation, is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the VA. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and FHLMC. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but its participation certificates are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations. Under the direction of the FHFA, FNMA and FHLMC have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of UMBS (the Single Security Initiative) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The Single Security Initiative was implemented in June 2019, and the effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
U.S. Government securities include securities that have no coupons, or have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, individual interest coupons from such securities that trade separately, and evidences of receipt of such securities. Such securities may pay no cash income, and are purchased at a deep discount from their value at maturity. Because interest on zero coupon securities is not distributed on a current basis but is, in effect, compounded, zero coupon securities tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities. Custodial receipts issued in connection with so-called trademark zero coupon securities, such as CATs and TIGRs, are not issued by the U.S. Treasury, and are therefore not U.S. Government securities, although the underlying bond represented by such receipt is a debt obligation of the U.S. Treasury. Other zero coupon Treasury securities (e.g., STRIPs and CUBEs) are direct obligations of the U.S. Government.
Municipal Securities
The Fund may invest in securities issued by states, territories, possessions, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states, territories, possessions and multi-state agencies or authorities.
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Municipal Securities. Municipal securities include debt obligations issued by governmental entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to public institutions and facilities. Municipal securities can be classified into two principal categories, including general obligation bonds and other securities and revenue bonds and other securities. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuers full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, such as the user of the facility being financed. Municipal securities also may include moral obligation securities, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the governmental entity that created the special purpose public authority. Municipal securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, PIKs and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered.
Municipal securities may include municipal bonds, municipal notes and municipal leases. Municipal bonds are debt obligations of a governmental entity that obligate the municipality to pay the holder a specified sum of money at specified intervals and to repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
The Fund may invest in municipal lease obligations. A lease is not a full faith and credit obligation of the issuer and is usually backed only by the borrowing governments unsecured pledge to make annual appropriations for lease payments. There have been challenges to the legality of lease financing in numerous states, and, from time to time, certain municipalities have considered not appropriating money for lease payments. In deciding whether to purchase a lease obligation for the Fund, PIMCO will assess the financial condition of the borrower or obligor, the merits of the project, other credit characteristics of the obligor, the level of public support for the project and the legislative history of lease financing in the state. These securities may be less readily marketable than other municipal securities.
Municipal notes may be issued by governmental entities and other tax-exempt issuers in order to finance short-term cash needs or, occasionally, to finance construction. Most municipal notes are general obligations of the issuing entity payable from taxes or designated revenues expected to be received within the relevant fiscal period. Municipal notes generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes can be subdivided into two sub-categories: (i) municipal commercial paper and (ii) municipal demand obligations. Municipal commercial paper typically consists of very short-term unsecured negotiable promissory notes that are sold, for example, to meet seasonal working capital or interim construction financing needs of a governmental entity or agency. While these obligations are intended to be paid from general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt, they frequently are backed by letters of credit, lending agreements, note repurchase agreements or other credit facility agreements offered by banks or institutions.
Municipal demand obligations can be subdivided into two general types: variable rate demand notes and master demand obligations. Variable rate demand notes are tax-exempt municipal obligations or participation interests that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the notes. They permit the holder to demand payment of the notes, or to demand purchase of the notes at a
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purchase price equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued interest either directly by the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit or guaranty issued with respect to such note. The issuer of the municipal obligation may have a corresponding right to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon notice comparable to that required for the holder to demand payment. The variable rate demand notes in which the Fund may invest are payable, or are subject to purchase, on demand usually on notice of seven calendar days or less. The terms of the notes generally provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to six months.
Master demand obligations are tax-exempt municipal obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid and permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel for the borrower, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes (but not necessarily for alternative minimum tax purposes). Although there is no secondary market for master demand obligations, such obligations are considered by the Fund to be liquid because they are payable upon demand.
Investing in municipal securities is subject to certain risks. There are variations in the quality of municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, and the rates of return on municipal securities can depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities. It should be emphasized, however, that these ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and municipal securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different rates of return while municipal securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same rate of return.
The payment of principal and interest on most municipal securities purchased by the Fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuers obligations under its municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the United States Bankruptcy Code. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
There are particular considerations and risks relevant to investing in a portfolio of a single states municipal securities, such as the greater risk of the concentration of portfolio holdings. Each states municipal securities may include, in addition to securities issued by the relevant state and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities, securities issued by the governments of Guam, Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. These securities may be subject to different risks than municipal securities issued by the relevant state and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities.
The Fund ordinarily purchases municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of bond counsel, is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The opinion of bond counsel may assert that such interest is not an item of tax preference for the purposes of the alternative minimum tax or is exempt from certain state or local taxes. There is no assurance that the applicable taxing authority will agree with this opinion. In the event, for example, the IRS that an issuer does not comply with relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued. As a shareholder of the Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return as a result, reporting such income as taxable.
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Municipal Bonds. Municipal bonds share the attributes of debt/fixed-income securities in general, but are generally issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies or authorities. The municipal bonds that the Fund may purchase include general obligation bonds and limited obligation bonds (or revenue bonds), including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to former federal tax law. General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuers general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source or annual revenues. Tax-exempt private activity bonds and industrial development bonds generally are also revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuers general revenues. The credit and quality of private activity bonds and industrial development bonds are usually related to the credit of the corporate user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds is the responsibility of the user and any guarantor. The Fund does not expect to be eligible to pass through to shareholders the tax-exempt character of interest earned on municipal bonds. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in industrial development bonds.
The Fund may invest in pre-refunded municipal bonds. Pre-refunded municipal bonds are bonds that have been refunded to a call date prior to the final maturity of principal, or, in the case of pre-refunded municipal bonds commonly referred to as escrowed-to-maturity bonds, to the final maturity of principal, and remain outstanding in the municipal market. The payment of principal and interest of the pre-refunded municipal bonds held by the Fund is funded from securities in a designated escrow account that holds U.S. Treasury securities or other obligations of the U.S. Government (including its agencies and instrumentalities (Agency Securities)). Interest payments on pre-refunded municipal bonds issued on or prior to December 31, 2017 are exempt from federal income tax; pre-refunded municipal bonds issued after December 31, 2017 will not qualify for such tax-advantaged treatment.
As the payment of principal and interest is generated from securities held in an escrow account established by the municipality and an independent escrow agent, the pledge of the municipality has been fulfilled and the original pledge of revenue by the municipality is no longer in place. The escrow account securities pledged to pay the principal and interest of the pre-refunded municipal bond do not guarantee the price movement of the bond before maturity. Issuers of municipal bonds refund in advance of maturity the outstanding higher cost debt and issue new, lower cost debt, placing the proceeds of the lower cost issuance into an escrow account to pre-refund the older, higher cost debt. Investments in pre-refunded municipal bonds held by the Fund may subject the Fund to interest rate risk, market risk and credit risk. In addition, while a secondary market exists for pre-refunded municipal bonds, if the Fund sells pre-refunded municipal bonds prior to maturity, the price received may be more or less than the original cost, depending on market conditions at the time of sale. To the extent permitted by the SEC and the IRS, the Funds investment in pre-refunded municipal bonds backed by U.S. Treasury and Agency Securities in the manner described above, will, for purposes of diversification tests applicable to the Fund, be considered an investment in the respective U.S. Treasury and Agency Securities.
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Under the Code, certain limited obligation bonds are considered private activity bonds and interest paid on such bonds is treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of calculating federal alternative minimum tax liability.
Economic downturns and budgetary constraints have made municipal bonds more susceptible to downgrade, default and bankruptcy. In addition, difficulties in the municipal bond markets could result in increased illiquidity, volatility and credit risk, and a decrease in the number of municipal bond investment opportunities. The value of municipal bonds may also be affected by uncertainties involving the taxation of municipal bonds or the rights of municipal bond holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Proposals to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal bonds are introduced before Congress from time to time. These legal uncertainties could affect the municipal bond market generally, certain specific segments of the market, or the relative credit quality of particular securities.
The Fund may purchase and sell portfolio investments to take advantage of changes or anticipated changes in yield relationships, markets or economic conditions. The Fund may also sell municipal bonds due to changes in PIMCOs evaluation of the issuer. The secondary market for municipal bonds typically has been less liquid than that for taxable debt/fixed-income securities, and this may affect the Funds ability to sell particular municipal bonds at then-current market prices, especially in periods when other investors are attempting to sell the same securities.
Additionally, municipal bonds rated below investment grade (i.e., high yield municipal bonds) may not be as liquid as higher-rated municipal bonds. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of a municipal bond and on the Funds ability to sell a municipal bond in response to changes or anticipated changes in economic conditions or to meet the Funds cash needs. Reduced liquidity may also make it more difficult to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Funds portfolio. For more information on high yield securities please see High Yield Securities (Junk Bonds) and Securities of Distressed Companies above.
Prices and yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including general money-market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal bonds may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded.
The perceived increased likelihood of default among issuers of municipal bonds has resulted in constrained illiquidity, increased price volatility and credit downgrades of issuers of municipal bonds. Local and national market forcessuch as declines in real estate prices and general business activitymay result in decreasing tax bases, fluctuations in interest rates, and increasing construction costs, all of which could reduce the ability of certain issuers of municipal bonds to repay their obligations. Certain issuers of municipal bonds have also been unable to obtain additional financing through, or must pay higher interest rates on, new issues, which may reduce revenues available for issuers of municipal bonds to pay existing obligations. In addition, events have demonstrated that the lack of disclosure rules in this area can make it difficult for investors to obtain reliable information on the obligations underlying municipal bonds. Adverse developments in the municipal bond market may negatively affect the value of all or a substantial portion of the Funds holdings in municipal bonds.
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Obligations of issuers of municipal bonds are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. Congress or state legislatures may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their municipal bonds may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Such litigation or conditions may from time to time have the effect of introducing uncertainties in the market for municipal bonds or certain segments thereof, or of materially affecting the credit risk with respect to particular bonds. Adverse economic, business, legal or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of the Funds municipal bonds in the same manner.
From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on certain types of municipal bonds. Additionally, certain other proposals have been introduced that would have the effect of taxing a portion of exempt interest and/or reducing the tax benefits of receiving exempt interest. It can be expected that similar proposals may be introduced in the future. As a result of any such future legislation, the availability of such municipal bonds for investment by the Fund and the value of such municipal bonds held by the Fund may be affected. In addition, it is possible that events occurring after the date of a municipal bonds issuance, or after the Funds acquisition of such obligation, may result in a determination that the interest paid on that obligation is taxable, in certain cases retroactively.
Some longer-term municipal bonds give the investor the right to put or sell the security at par (face value) within a specified number of days following the investors requestusually one to seven days. This demand feature enhances a securitys liquidity by shortening its effective maturity and enables it to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, the Fund would hold the longer-term security, which could experience substantially more volatility.
The Fund may invest in taxable municipal bonds, such as Build America Bonds. Build America Bonds are tax credit bonds created by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which authorized state and local governments to issue Build America Bonds as taxable bonds in 2009 and 2010, without volume limitations, to finance any capital expenditures for which such issuers could otherwise issue traditional tax-exempt bonds. State and local governments may receive a direct federal subsidy payment for a portion of their borrowing costs on Build America Bonds equal to 35% of the total coupon interest paid to investors (or 45% in the case of Recovery Zone Economic Development Bonds). The state or local government issuer can elect to either take the federal subsidy or pass the 35% tax credit along to bondholders. The Funds investments in Build America Bonds or similar taxable municipal bonds will result in taxable income and the Fund may elect to pass through to holders of the Funds Common Shares (Common Shareholders) the corresponding tax credits. The tax credits can generally be used to offset federal income taxes and the alternative minimum tax, but such credits are generally not refundable. Build America Bonds or similar taxable municipal bonds involve similar risks as tax-exempt municipal bonds, including credit and market risk. They are intended to assist state and local governments in financing capital projects at lower
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borrowing costs and are likely to attract a broader group of investors than tax-exempt municipal bonds. Although Build America Bonds were only authorized for issuance during 2009 and 2010, the program may have resulted in reduced issuance of tax-exempt municipal bonds during the same period.
The Build America Bond program expired on December 31, 2010, at which point no further issuance of new Build America Bonds was permitted. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there is no indication that Congress will renew the program to permit issuance of new Build America Bonds.
Puerto Rico Municipal Securities. Municipal obligations issued by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or its political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, or public corporations may be affected by economic, market, political, and social conditions in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico currently is experiencing significant fiscal and economic challenges, including substantial debt service obligations, high levels of unemployment, underfunded public retirement systems, and persistent government budget deficits. These challenges may negatively affect the value of the Funds investments in Puerto Rico municipal securities. Major ratings agencies have downgraded the general obligation debt of Puerto Rico to below investment grade and continue to maintain a negative outlook for this debt, which increases the likelihood that the rating will be lowered further. In both August 2015 and January 2016, Puerto Rico defaulted on its debt by failing to make full payment due on its outstanding bonds, and there can be no assurance that Puerto Rico will be able to satisfy its future debt obligations. Further downgrades or defaults may place additional strain on the Puerto Rico economy and may negatively affect the value, liquidity, and volatility of the Funds investments in Puerto Rico municipal securities. Legislation, including legislation that would allow Puerto Rico to restructure its municipal debt obligations, thus increasing the risk that Puerto Rico may never pay off municipal indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed, could also impact the value of the Funds investments in Puerto Rico municipal securities.
These challenges and uncertainties have been exacerbated by Hurricane Maria and the resulting natural disaster in Puerto Rico. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico, causing major damage across the Commonwealth, including damage to its water, power, and telecommunications infrastructure. The length of time needed to rebuild Puerto Ricos infrastructure is unclear, but could amount to years, during which the Commonwealth is likely to be in an uncertain economic state. The full extent of the natural disasters impact on Puerto Ricos economy and foreign investment in Puerto Rico is difficult to estimate.
Corporate Debt Securities
The Fund may invest in corporate debt securities of U.S. issuers and foreign issuers, and/or it may hold its assets in these securities for cash management purposes. The investment return of corporate debt securities reflects interest earnings and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a corporate debt obligation may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates generally. There also exists the risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. The Funds investments in U.S. dollar or foreign currency-denominated corporate debt securities of domestic or foreign issuers are limited to corporate debt securities (corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities) which meet the minimum ratings criteria set forth for the Fund, or, if unrated, are in PIMCOs opinion comparable in quality
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to corporate debt securities in which the Fund may invest. Corporate income-producing securities may include forms of preferred or preference stock. The rate interest on a corporate debt security may be fixed, floating or variable, and may vary inversely with respect to a reference rate. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. Corporate debt securities may be acquired with warrants attached. Securities rated Baa by Moodys, BBB by S&P and BBB by Fitch are the lowest which are considered investment grade obligations. Moodys describes securities rated Baa as judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. S&P describes securities rated BBB as exhibiting adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Fitch describes securities rated BBB as having good credit quality with low expectations of default currently. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. For a discussion of securities rated below investment grade, see High Yield Securities (Junk Bonds) and Securities of Distressed Companies above.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies. The Fund may invest in commercial paper of any credit quality consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies, including unrated commercial paper for which PIMCO has made a credit quality assessment. See Appendix A to the Prospectus for a description of the ratings assigned by Moodys, S&P and Fitch Ratings to commercial paper. The rate of return on commercial paper may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which may offer higher income than the common stocks into which they are convertible. A convertible debt security is a bond, debenture, note, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt securities or preferred securities. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporations capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporations common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the issuer, and, therefore, an issuers convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. In addition, convertible securities are often lower-rated securities.
Because of the conversion feature, the price of the convertible security will normally fluctuate in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and as such is subject to risks relating
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to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. The income component of a convertible security may tend to cushion the security against declines in the price of the underlying asset. However, the income component of convertible securities causes fluctuations based upon changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. If the convertible securitys conversion value, which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained upon the conversion of the convertible security, is substantially below the investment value, which is the value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield), the price of the convertible security is typically governed principally by its investment value. If the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the value of the security will typically be principally influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally sells at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding an income-producing security.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds ability to achieve its investment objectives. The Fund generally would invest in convertible securities for their favorable price characteristics and total return potential and would normally not exercise an option to convert unless the security is called or conversion is forced.
The Fund may invest in so-called synthetic convertible securities, which are composed of two or more different securities whose investment characteristics, taken together, resemble those of convertible securities. A third party or PIMCO may create a synthetic convertible security by combining separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (income-producing component) and the right to acquire an equity security (convertible component). The income-producing component is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred securities and money market instruments, which may be represented by derivative instruments. The convertible component is achieved by investing in securities or instruments such as warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security having a unitary market value, a synthetic convertible comprises two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the market value of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its income-producing component and its convertible component. For this reason, the values of a synthetic convertible security and a traditional convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations.
More flexibility is possible in the assembly of a synthetic convertible security than in the purchase of a convertible security. Although synthetic convertible securities may be selected where the two components are issued by a single issuer, thus making the synthetic convertible security similar to the traditional convertible security, the character of a synthetic convertible security allows the combination of components representing distinct issuers, when PIMCO believes that such a combination may better achieve the Funds investment objectives. A synthetic convertible security also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately. For example, the Fund may purchase a warrant for inclusion in a synthetic convertible security but temporarily hold short-term investments while postponing the purchase of a corresponding bond pending development of more favorable market conditions.
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A holder of a synthetic convertible security faces the risk of a decline in the price of the security or the level of the index or security involved in the convertible component, causing a decline in the value of the security or instrument, such as a call option or warrant purchased to create the synthetic convertible security. Should the price of the stock fall below the exercise price and remain there throughout the exercise period, the entire amount paid for the call option or warrant would be lost. Because a synthetic convertible security includes the income-producing component as well, the holder of a synthetic convertible security also faces the risk that interest rates will rise, causing a decline in the value of the income-producing component.
The Fund also may purchase synthetic convertible securities created by other parties, including convertible structured notes. Convertible structured notes are income-producing debentures linked to equity, and are typically issued by investment banks. Convertible structured notes have the attributes of a convertible security; however, the investment bank that issues the convertible note, rather than the issuer of the underlying common stock into which the note is convertible, assumes credit risk associated with the underlying investment, and the Fund in turn assumes credit risk associated with the convertible note.
Contingent Convertible Instruments. Contingent convertible securities (CoCos) are a form of hybrid debt security issued primarily by non-U.S. issuers, which have loss absorption mechanisms built into their terms. CoCos have no stated maturity, have fully discretionary coupons and are typically issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments. CoCos generally either convert into common stock of the issuer or have their principal written down upon the occurrence of certain triggering events (triggers) linked to regulatory capital thresholds or regulatory actions calling into question the issuing banking institutions continued viability as a going-concern. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCos may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive a return of principal on CoCos. Any indication that an automatic write-down or conversion event may occur can be expected to have an adverse effect on the market price of CoCos. CoCos are often rated below investment grade and are subject to the risks of high yield securities. Because CoCos are issued primarily by financial institutions, CoCos may present substantially increased risks at times of financial turmoil, which could affect financial institutions more than companies in other sectors and industries. Further, the value of an investment in CoCos is unpredictable and will be influenced by many factors and risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. An investment by the Fund in CoCos may result in losses to the Fund.
Some additional risks associated with CoCos include, but are not limited to:
Loss absorption risk. CoCos may be subject to an automatic write-down (i.e., the automatic write-down of the principal amount or value of the securities, potentially to zero, and the cancellation of the securities) under certain circumstances, which could result in the Fund losing a portion or all of its investment in such securities. In addition, the Fund may not have any rights with respect to repayment of the principal amount of the securities that has not become due or the payment of interest or dividends on such securities for any period from (and including) the interest or dividend payment date falling immediately prior to the occurrence of such automatic write-down. An automatic write-down could also result in a
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reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment is based on the securitys par value. In addition, CoCos have fully discretionary coupons. This means coupons can potentially be cancelled at the issuers discretion or at the request of the relevant regulatory authority in order to help the issuer absorb losses and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves.
Subordinated instruments. CoCos will, in the majority of circumstances, be issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments in order to provide the appropriate regulatory capital treatment prior to a conversion. Accordingly, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of an issuer prior to a conversion having occurred, the rights and claims of the holders of the CoCos, such as the Fund, against the issuer in respect of or arising under the terms of the CoCos shall generally rank junior to the claims of all holders of unsubordinated obligations of the issuer. In addition, if the CoCos are converted into the issuers underlying equity securities following a conversion event (i.e., a trigger), each holder will be subordinated due to their conversion from being the holder of a debt instrument to being the holder of an equity instrument.
Market value will fluctuate based on unpredictable factors. The trading behavior of a given issuers CoCos may be strongly impacted by the trading behavior of other issuers CoCos, such that negative information from an unrelated CoCo may cause a decline in value of one or more CoCos held by the Fund. Accordingly, the trading behavior of CoCos may not follow the trading behavior of other similarly structured securities. The value of CoCos is unpredictable and could be influenced by many factors including, without limitation: (i) the creditworthiness of the issuer and/or fluctuations in such issuers applicable capital ratios; (ii) supply and demand for the CoCos; (iii) general market conditions and available liquidity; and (iv) economic, financial and political events that affect the issuer, its particular market or the financial markets in general.
Equity Securities
The Fund will not normally invest directly in common stocks of operating companies. However, the Fund may own and hold common stocks of operating companies in its portfolio from time to time in connection with a corporate action, the restructuring of a debt instrument, or through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund.
The market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. These risks are generally magnified in the case of equity investments in distressed companies.
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Preferred Securities
Preferred securities represent an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Some preferred securities also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a companys common stock, and thus also represent an ownership interest in that company. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. The value of a companys preferred securities may fall as a result of factors relating directly to that companys products or services. A preferred securitys value may also fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of preferred securities may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates. In addition, a companys preferred securities generally pay dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the companys financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than those of larger companies.
Smaller Company Risk. The general risks associated with debt instruments or equity securities are particularly pronounced for securities issued by companies with small market capitalizations. Small capitalization companies involve certain special risks. They are more likely than larger companies to have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or to depend on a small, inexperienced management group. Securities of smaller companies may trade less frequently and in lesser volume than more widely held securities and their values may fluctuate more sharply than other securities. They may also have limited liquidity. These securities may therefore be more vulnerable to adverse developments than securities of larger companies, and the Fund may have difficulty purchasing or selling securities positions in smaller companies at prevailing market prices. Also, there may be less publicly available information about smaller companies or less market interest in their securities as compared to larger companies. Companies with medium-sized market capitalizations may have risks similar to those of smaller companies.
Adjustable Rate and Auction Preferred Securities. Typically, the dividend rate on an adjustable rate preferred security is determined prospectively each quarter by applying an adjustment formula established at the time of issuance of the security. Although adjustment formulas vary among issues, they typically involve a fixed premium or discount relative to rates on specified debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. Typically, an adjustment formula will provide for a fixed premium or discount adjustment relative to the highest base yield of three specified U.S. Treasury securities: the 90-day Treasury bill, the 10-year Treasury note and the 20-year Treasury bond. The premium or discount adjustment to be added to or subtracted from this highest U.S. Treasury base rate yield is fixed at the time of issue and cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of the security. The dividend rate on another type of preferred security in which the Fund may invest, commonly known as auction preferred securities, is adjusted at intervals that may be more frequent than quarterly, such as every 7 or 49 days, based on bids submitted by holders and prospective purchasers of such securities and may be subject to stated maximum and minimum dividend rates. The issues of most adjustable rate and auction preferred securities currently outstanding are perpetual, but are redeemable after a specified date, or upon notice, at the option of the issuer. Certain issues supported by the credit of a high-rated financial institution provide for mandatory redemption prior to expiration of the credit arrangement. No redemption can occur if full cumulative dividends are not
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paid. Although the dividend rates on adjustable and auction preferred securities are generally adjusted or reset frequently, the market values of these preferred securities may still fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. Market values of adjustable preferred securities also may substantially fluctuate if interest rates increase or decrease once the maximum or minimum dividend rate for a particular security is approached. Auctions for U.S. auction preferred securities have failed since early 2008, and the dividend rates payable on such preferred securities since that time typically have been paid at their maximum applicable rate (typically a function of a reference rate of interest). PIMCO expects that auction preferred securities will continue to pay dividends at their maximum applicable rate for the foreseeable future and cannot predict whether or when the auction markets for auction preferred securities may resume normal functioning.
Fixed Rate Preferred Securities. Some fixed rate preferred securities in which the Fund may invest, known as perpetual preferred securities, offer a fixed return with no maturity date. Because they never mature, perpetual preferred securities act like long-term bonds and can be more volatile than and more sensitive to changes in interest rates than other types of preferred securities that have a maturity date. The Fund may also invest in sinking fund preferred securities. These preferred securities also offer a fixed return, but have a maturity date and are retired or redeemed on a predetermined schedule. The shorter duration of sinking fund preferred securities makes them perform somewhat like intermediate-term bonds and they typically have lower yields than perpetual preferred securities.
Bank Obligations
The Fund may invest in bank capital securities of both non-U.S. (foreign) and U.S. issuers. Bank capital securities are issued by banks to help fulfill their regulatory capital requirements. There are three common types of bank capital: Lower Tier II, Upper Tier II and Tier I. Bank capital is generally, but not always, of investment grade quality. Upper Tier II securities are commonly thought of as hybrids of debt and preferred securities. Upper Tier II securities are often perpetual (with no maturity date), callable and have a cumulative interest deferral feature. This means that under certain conditions, the issuer bank can withhold payment of interest until a later date. However, such deferred interest payments generally earn interest. Tier I securities often take the form of trust preferred securities.
Bank obligations in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates that are issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and that earn a specified return. Bankers acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are accepted by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are generally no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is generally no market for such deposits.
The activities of U.S. banks and most foreign banks are subject to comprehensive regulations which, in the case of U.S. regulations, have undergone substantial changes in the past decade and are
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currently subject to legislative and regulatory scrutiny. The enactment of new legislation or regulations, as well as changes in interpretation and enforcement of current laws, may affect the manner of operations and profitability of U.S. and foreign banks. Significant developments in the U.S. banking industry have included increased competition from other types of financial institutions, increased acquisition activity and geographic expansion. Banks may be particularly susceptible to certain economic factors, such as interest rate changes and adverse developments in the market for real estate. Fiscal and monetary policy and general economic cycles can affect the availability and cost of funds, loan demand and asset quality and thereby impact the earnings and financial conditions of banks.
Obligations of foreign banks involve somewhat different investment risks than those affecting obligations of U.S. banks, including the possibilities that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of U.S. banks, that a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized, that foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks and the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to U.S. banks. Foreign banks are not generally subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
Loans and Other Indebtedness; Loan Participations and Assignments
The Fund may purchase indebtedness and participations in commercial loans, as well as interests and/or servicing or similar rights in such loans. Such instruments may be secured or unsecured and may be newly-originated (and may be specifically designed for the Fund). Indebtedness is different from traditional debt securities in that debt securities are part of a large issue of securities to the public whereas indebtedness may not be a security and may represent a specific commercial loan to a borrower. Loan participations typically represent direct participation, together with other parties, in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing indebtedness and loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The indebtedness and loan participations that the Fund may acquire may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service.
A loan is often administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, the Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.
A financial institutions employment as agent bank might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally
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be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of the Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent banks general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Funds yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer the Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrowers obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated. In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations in its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a loan.
The Fund may acquire loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when acquiring indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount of the instrument acquired. The Fund may make purchases of indebtedness and loan participations to achieve income and/or capital appreciation.
The Fund limits the amount of its total assets that it will invest in any one issuer and the Fund limits the amount of its total assets that will invest in issuers within the same industry (except with respect to the Funds policy to concentrate in privately-issued (commonly known as non-agency) mortgage-related securities) (see Investment Restrictions). For purposes of these limits, the Fund generally will treat the corporate borrower as the issuer of indebtedness held by the Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as a financial intermediary between the Fund and the corporate borrower, if the participation does not shift to the Fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the corporate borrower, the Fund will treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the corporate borrower as issuers. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict the Funds ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.
Loans and other types of direct indebtedness (which the Fund may invest in or otherwise gain exposure to) may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Investment Manager believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining the Funds net asset value than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Funds daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness
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develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. Investments in loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of the Funds investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets.
In purchasing loans, the Fund will compete with a broad spectrum of lenders. Increased competition for, or a diminishment in the available supply of, qualifying loans could result in lower yields on such loans, which could reduce Fund performance.
Investments in loans through a purchase of a loan or a direct assignment of a financial institutions interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks to the Fund. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning lender. Assignments may, however, be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become owner, in whole or in part, of any collateral, which could include, among other assets, real estate or other real or personal property, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and holding or disposing of the collateral (see Real Estate Assets and Related Derivatives above). In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, the Fund could be held liable. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, the Fund relies on the Investment Managers research in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
The Fund may make, participate in or acquire debtor-in-possession financings (commonly known as DIP financings). DIP financings are arranged when an entity seeks the protections of the bankruptcy court under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These financings allow the entity to continue its business operations while reorganizing under Chapter 11. Such financings constitute senior liens on unencumbered security (i.e., security not subject to other creditors claims). There is a risk that the entity will not emerge from Chapter 11 and be forced to liquidate its assets under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In the event of liquidation, the Funds only recourse will be against the property securing the DIP financing.
The Fund may make investments in debt instruments and other securities directly or through one or more wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries formed by the Fund (each, a Subsidiary). References herein to the Fund include references to a Subsidiary in respect of the Funds investment exposure. The Fund will treat a Subsidiarys assets as assets of the Fund for purposes of determining compliance with various provisions of the 1940 Act applicable to the Fund, including those relating to investment policies (Section 8), capital structure and leverage (Section 18) and affiliated transactions and custody (Section 17).
The Fund may acquire residential mortgage loans and unsecured consumer loans through direct or indirect fully-owned Subsidiaries. The Subsidiaries directly holding a beneficial interest in loans will be formed as domestic common law or statutory trusts with a federally chartered bank serving as trustee. Each such fully-owned Subsidiary trust will hold the beneficial interests of loans and the federally chartered bank acting as trustee will hold legal title to the loans for the benefit of the Subsidiary trust and/or the trusts beneficial owners (i.e., the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned Subsidiary). State licensing laws typically exempt federally chartered banks from their
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licensing requirements, and federally chartered banks may also benefit from federal preemption of state laws, including any licensing requirements. The use of common law or statutory trusts with a federally chartered bank serving as trustee is intended to address any state licensing requirements that may be applicable to purchasers or holders of loans, including state licensing requirements related to foreclosure. The Fund believes that such direct or indirect fully-owned Subsidiary trusts will not be treated as associations or publicly traded partnerships taxable as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and that therefore, the Subsidiary trusts will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the Subsidiary level. Investments in residential mortgage loans or unsecured consumer loans through entities that are not so treated can potentially be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a regulated investment company, and limit the Funds ability to qualify as such.
If the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned Subsidiary trust is required to be licensed in any particular jurisdiction in order to, acquire, hold, dispose or foreclose loans, obtaining the required license may not be viable (because, for example, it is not possible or practical) and the Fund or its Subsidiary trust may be unable to restructure its holdings to address the licensing requirement. In that case, the Fund or its Subsidiary trust may be forced to cease activities involving the affected loans, or may be forced to sell such loans. If a state regulator or court were to determine that the Fund or its Subsidiary trust acquired, held or foreclosed a loan without a required state license, the Fund or its Subsidiary trust could be subject to penalties or other sanctions, prohibited or restricted in its ability to enforce its rights under the loan, or subject to litigation risk or other losses or damages.
Alternative Lending ABS
The Fund may invest, either directly indirectly or through its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, in shares, certificates, notes or other securities issued by a special purpose entity (SPE) sponsored by an alternative lending platform or its affiliates (the Sponsor) that represent the right to receive principal and interest payments due on pools of whole loans or fractions of whole loans, which may (but may not) be issued by the Sponsor, held by the SPE (Alt Lending ABS). Alternative lending, which may include or sometimes be referred to as peer-to-peer lending, online lending or marketplace lending, is a method of financing in which an alternative lending platform (i.e., an online lending marketplace or lender that is not a traditional lender, such as a bank) facilitates the borrowing and lending of money while generally not relying on deposits for capital to fund loans. It is considered an alternative to more traditional debt financing done through a bank. There are several different models of alternative lending but, very generally, a platform typically matches consumers, small or medium-sized businesses or other types of borrowers with investors that are interested in gaining investment exposure to the loans made to such borrowers. Prospective borrowers are usually required to provide or give access to certain financial information to the platform, such as the intended purpose of the loan, income, employment information, credit score, debt-to-income ratio, credit history (including defaults and delinquencies) and home ownership status, and, in the case of small business loans, business financial statements and personal credit information regarding any guarantor, some of which information is made available to prospective lenders. Often, platforms charge fees to borrowers to cover these screening and administrative costs. Based on this and other relevant supplemental information, the platform usually assigns its own credit rating to the borrower and sets the interest rate for the requested borrowing. Platforms then post the borrowing requests online and investors may choose among the loans, based on the interest rates the loans are expected to yield less any servicing or origination fees charged by the platform or others involved in the
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lending arrangement, the background data provided on the borrowers and the credit rating assigned by the platform. In some cases, a platform partners with a bank to originate a loan to a borrower, after which the bank sells the loan to the platform or directly to the investor; alternatively, some platforms may originate loans themselves. Some investors, including the Fund, may not review the particular characteristics of the loans in which they invest at the time of investment, but rather negotiate in advance with platforms the general criteria of the investments, as described above. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the platforms ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each loan and borrower.
Platforms may set minimum eligibility standards for borrowers to participate in alternative lending arrangements and may limit the maximum permitted borrowings. Depending on the purpose and nature of the loan, its term may, for example, be as short as six months or shorter, or as long as thirty years or longer.
Privacy and Data Security Laws
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) and other laws limit the disclosure of certain non-public personal information about a consumer to non-affiliated third parties and require financial institutions to disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with both affiliates and non-affiliated third parties. Many states and a number of non-U.S. jurisdictions have enacted privacy and data security laws requiring safeguards on the privacy and security of consumers personally identifiable information. Other laws deal with obligations to safeguard and dispose of private information in a manner designed to avoid its dissemination. Privacy rules adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and SEC implement GLBA and other requirements and govern the disclosure of consumer financial information by certain financial institutions, ranging from banks to private investment funds. U.S. platforms following certain models generally are required to have privacy policies that conform to these GLBA and other requirements. In addition, such platforms typically have policies and procedures intended to maintain platform participants personal information securely and dispose of it properly.
The Fund generally does not intend to obtain or hold borrowers non-public personal information, and the Fund intends to implement procedures designed to prevent the disclosure of borrowers non-public personal information to the Fund. However, service providers to the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries, including their custodians and the platforms acting as loan servicers for the Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries, may obtain, hold or process such information. The Fund cannot guarantee the security of non-public personal information in the possession of such a service provider and cannot guarantee that service providers have been and will continue to comply with GLBA, other data security and privacy laws and any other related regulatory requirements. Violations of GLBA and other laws could subject the Fund to litigation and/or fines, penalties or other regulatory action, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have an adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may also face regulations related to privacy and data security in the other jurisdictions in which the Fund invests.
Senior Loans
To the extent the Fund invests in senior loans, the Fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call (or prepayment) risk, settlement risk and liquidity risk, than funds that do not invest in such securities. These instruments are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an
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issuers continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than other types of securities. An economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these instruments and reduce the Funds ability to sell these instruments at an advantageous time or price. An economic downturn would generally lead to a higher non-payment rate and, a senior loan may lose significant market value before a default occurs. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in senior loans. In addition, the senior loans in which the Fund invests may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such loans may be comparatively less liquid relative to markets for other more liquid fixed income securities. Consequently, transactions in senior loans may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded securities. In connection with certain loan transactions, transaction costs that are borne by the Fund may include the expenses of third parties that are retained to assist with reviewing and conducting diligence, negotiating, structuring and servicing a loan transaction, and/or providing other services in connection therewith. Furthermore, the Fund may incur such costs in connection with loan transactions that are pursued by the Fund but not ultimately consummated (so-called broken deal costs). Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may also, in certain circumstances, make senior loans difficult to value accurately or sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in the Fund being unable to realize full value for the senior loans and/or may result in the Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a senior loan for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to the Fund. Senior loans may have extended trade settlement periods which may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. If an issuer of a senior loan prepays or redeems the loan prior to maturity, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other senior loans or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates. Senior loans in which the Fund invests may or may not be collateralized, although the loans may not be fully collateralized and the collateral may be unavailable or insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower. The Fund may have limited rights to exercise remedies against such collateral or a borrower, and loan agreements may impose certain procedures that delay receipt of the proceeds of collateral or require the Fund to act collectively with other creditors to exercise its rights with respect to a senior loan. Senior loans may not be considered securities under the federal securities laws. In such circumstances, fewer legal protections may be available with respect to a Funds investment in senior loans. In particular, if a senior loan is not considered a security under the federal securities laws, certain legal protections normally available to securities investors under the federal securities laws, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation, may not be available. Because of the risks involved in investing in senior loans, an investment in the Fund that invests in such instruments should be considered speculative.
Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities
The Fund may also enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are borrowing arrangements in which the lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. A revolving credit facility differs from a delayed funding loan in that as the borrower repays the loan, an amount equal to the repayment may be borrowed again during the term of the revolving credit facility. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities usually provide for floating or variable rates of interest. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not otherwise decide to do so (including a time when the companys financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid).
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To the extent that the Fund is committed to advance additional funds, it will at all times segregate assets, determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments.
The Fund may invest in delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities may be subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to resell such instruments. As a result, the Fund may be unable to sell such investments at an opportune time or may have to resell them at less than fair market value. For a further discussion of the risks involved in investing in loan participations and other forms of direct indebtedness see Loans and Other Indebtedness, Loan Participations and Assignments. Participation interests in revolving credit facilities will be subject to the limitations discussed in Loans and Other Indebtedness, Loan Participations and Assignments. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of the Funds investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets by the Fund.
Zero-Coupon Bonds, Step-Ups and Payment-In-Kind Securities
The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in zero-coupon securities, step-ups and PIKs. Zero-coupon securities are debt obligations that do not entitle the holder to any periodic payments of interest either for the entire life of the obligation or for an initial period after the issuance of the obligations. Like zero-coupon bonds, step-up bonds pay no interest initially but eventually begin to pay a coupon rate prior to maturity, which rate may increase at stated intervals during the life of the security. PIKs are debt obligations that pay interest in the form of other debt obligations instead of cash. Each of these instruments is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. The amount of the discount varies depending on such factors as the time remaining until maturity of the securities, prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. The market prices of zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs generally are more volatile than the market prices of debt instruments that pay interest currently and in cash and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than do other types of securities having similar maturities and credit quality.
In order to satisfy a requirement for qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code, an investment company, such as the Fund, must distribute each year at least 90% of its net investment income, including the original issue discount accrued on zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs. Because the Fund will not, on a current basis, receive cash payments from the issuer of these securities in respect of any accrued original issue discount, in some years, the Fund may have to sell other portfolio holdings in order to obtain cash to satisfy the distribution requirements under the Code even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the Fund to sell securities at such time. Under many market conditions, investments in zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs may be illiquid, making it difficult for the Fund to dispose of them or determine their current value.
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Variable and Floating Rate Debt Securities
The Fund may invest in floating rate debt instruments, including Senior Loans (described in more detail above). Variable and floating rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes, float at a fixed margin above a generally recognized base lending rate and/or reset or are redetermined (e.g., pursuant to an auction) on specified dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). These instruments may include, without limitation, variable-rate preferred securities, bank loans, money market instruments and certain types of mortgage-backed and other ABS. Due to their variable- or floating-rate features, these instruments will generally pay higher levels of income in a rising interest rate environment and lower levels of income as interest rates decline. For the same reason, the market value of a variable- or floating-rate instrument is generally expected to have less sensitivity to fluctuations in market interest rates than a fixed-rate instrument, although the value of a floating-rate instrument may nonetheless decline as interest rates rise and due to other factors, such as changes in credit quality.
The Fund may invest in floating rate debt instruments (floaters) and engage in credit spread trades. The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or U.S. Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. While, because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, the Fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two securities or currencies where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies.
The Fund may also invest without limit in inverse floating rate debt instruments (inverse floaters). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floater may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality. See Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities above. The Funds investments in variable- and floating-rate securities may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. As a result, in order to generate cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it would otherwise have continued to hold. See Taxation.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds
The Fund may invest in inflation-indexed bonds. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed-income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Many other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of approximately five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).
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If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of a U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bond, even during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Fund may also invest in other inflation-related bonds that may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.
While these securities are expected to provide protection from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bonds inflation measure.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is not seasonally adjusted and which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign (non-U.S.) government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign (non-U.S.) inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign (non-U.S.) country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity. As a result, in order to generate cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it would otherwise have continued to hold. See Taxation.
Event-Linked Bonds
The Fund may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in event-linked bonds, or event-linked swaps, or by implementing event-linked strategies. Event-linked exposure results in gains that typically are contingent on the non-occurrence of a specific trigger event, such as a hurricane, earthquake or other physical or weather-related phenomena. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as catastrophe bonds. They may be issued by government agencies,
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insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities (such special purpose entities are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective, such as the issuance of a note in connection with a reinsurance transaction). If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, the Fund may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the bond. If no trigger event occurs, the Fund will recover its principal plus interest. For some event-linked bonds, the trigger event or losses may be based on company-wide losses, index-portfolio losses, industry indices or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Often the event-linked bonds provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory, or optional at the discretion of the issuer, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds also may expose the Fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer risk, credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations and adverse tax consequences.
Event-linked bonds are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As such, there is no significant trading history for many of these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market in these instruments will develop. Lack of a liquid market may impose the risk of higher transaction costs and the possibility that the Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. Event-linked bonds are typically rated, and the Fund will only invest in event-linked bonds that meet the credit quality requirements for the Fund.
Derivative Instruments
The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) involving the purchase or sale of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements and other derivative instruments for investment purposes, leveraging purposes or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio.
Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to, among other things, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The following describes certain derivative instruments and products in which the Fund may invest and risks associated therewith. The derivatives market is always changing and the Fund may invest in derivatives other than those shown below.
In pursuing its investment objectives, the Fund may, to the extent permitted by its investment objectives and policies, purchase and sell (write) both put options and call options on securities, swap agreements, securities indexes, commodity indexes and foreign currencies, and enter into interest rate, foreign currency, index and commodity futures contracts and purchase and sell options on such futures contracts (futures options) for hedging purposes or as part of their overall investment strategies. The Fund also may purchase and sell foreign currency options for purposes of increasing exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. The Fund also may enter into swap agreements with respect to interest rates, commodities, indexes of securities or commodities, and to the extent it may invest in foreign currency denominated securities, may enter into swap agreements with respect to foreign currencies.
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The Fund may invest in structured notes. If other types of financial instruments, including other types of options, futures contracts, or futures options are traded in the future, the Fund may also use those instruments, provided that their use is consistent with the Funds investment objectives.
The value of some derivative instruments in which the Fund invests may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Fund, the ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part upon the ability of PIMCO to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If PIMCO incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Fund could be exposed to additional, unforeseen risks, including the risk of loss.
The Fund might not employ any of the strategies described below, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. If PIMCO incorrectly forecasts interest rates, market values or other economic factors in using a derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund might have been in a better position if it had not entered into the transaction at all. The use of these strategies involves certain special risks, including a possible imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of derivative instruments and price movements of related investments. While some strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in related investments or otherwise, due to the possible inability of the Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be favorable or the possible need to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time because the Fund is required to maintain asset coverage or offsetting positions in connection with transactions in derivative instruments, and the possible inability of the Fund to close out or to liquidate its derivatives positions. In addition, the Funds use of such instruments may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally subject to tax when distributed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) than if it had not used such instruments. If the Fund gains exposure to an asset class using derivative instruments backed by a collateral portfolio of fixed-income instruments, changes in the value of the fixed-income instruments may result in greater or lesser exposure to that asset class than would have resulted from a direct investment in securities comprising that asset class.
Participation in the markets for derivative instruments involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund may not be subject absent the use of these strategies. The skills needed to successfully execute derivative strategies may be different from those needed for other types of transactions. If the Fund incorrectly forecasts the value and/or creditworthiness of securities, currencies, interest rates, counterparties or other economic factors involved in a derivative transaction, the Fund might have been in a better position if the Fund had not entered into such derivative transaction. In evaluating the risks and contractual obligations associated with particular derivative instruments, it is important to consider that certain derivative transactions may be modified or terminated only by mutual consent of the Fund and its counterparty and certain derivative transactions may be terminated by the counterparty or the Fund, as the case may be, upon the occurrence of certain Fund-related or counterparty-related events, which may result in losses or gains to the Fund based on the market value of the derivative transactions entered into between the Fund and the counterparty. In addition, such early terminations may result in taxable events and accelerate gain or loss recognition for tax purposes. It may not be possible for the Fund to modify, terminate, or offset the Funds obligations or the Funds exposure to the risks associated with a derivative transaction prior to its termination or maturity date, which may create a possibility of increased volatility and/or decreased liquidity to the Fund. Upon the expiration or termination of a
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particular contract, the Fund may wish to retain the Funds position in the derivative instrument by entering into a similar contract, but may be unable to do so if the counterparty to the original contract is unwilling to enter into the new contract and no other appropriate counterparty can be found, which could cause the Fund not to be able to maintain certain desired investment exposures or not to be able to hedge other investment positions or risks, which could cause losses to the Fund. Furthermore, after such an expiration or termination of a particular contract, the Fund may have fewer counterparties with which to engage in additional derivative transactions, which could lead to potentially greater counterparty risk exposure to one or more counterparties and which could increase the cost of entering into certain derivatives. In such cases, the Fund may lose money.
The Fund may engage in investment strategies, including the use of derivatives, to, among other things, seek to generate current, distributable income without regard to possible declines in the Funds net asset value. The Funds income and gain-generating strategies, including certain derivatives strategies, may generate current, distributable income, even if such strategies could potentially result in declines in the Funds net asset value. The Funds income and gain-generating strategies, including certain derivatives strategies, may generate current income and gains taxable as ordinary income sufficient to support monthly distributions even in situations when the Fund has experienced a decline in net assets due to, for example, adverse changes in the broad U.S. or non-U.S. equity markets or the Funds debt investments, or arising from its use of derivatives. Consequently, shareholders may receive distributions subject to tax at ordinary income rates at a time when their investment in the Fund has declined in value, which may be economically similar to a taxable return of the shareholders investment in the Fund.
Also, suitable derivative and/or hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivative and/or hedging transaction at any time or from time to time or, if a strategy is used, that it will be successful.
As further described below under Additional Risk Factors in Cleared Derivatives Transactions, recent legislative and regulatory reforms have resulted in new clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements for participants in the derivatives market. While the ultimate impact is not yet clear, these changes could restrict and/or impose significant costs or other burdens upon the Funds ability to participate in derivatives transactions. Similarly, these changes could impose limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivatives transactions. As a result, the Fund may be unable to use certain derivative instruments or otherwise execute its investment strategy. These risks may be particularly acute to the extent the Fund use commodity-related derivative instruments.
Options on Securities and Indexes. The Fund may, to the extent specified herein or in the Prospectus, purchase and sell both put and call options on equity, fixed-income or other securities or indexes in standardized contracts traded on foreign or domestic securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) System or on a regulated foreign OTC market, and agreements, sometimes called cash puts, which may accompany the purchase of a new issue of bonds from a dealer. Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase put options to protect holdings in an underlying or related security against a decline in market value, and may purchase call options to protect against increases in the prices of securities it intends to purchase pending its ability to invest in such securities in an orderly manner.
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An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price, often at any time during the term of the option for American options or only at expiration for European options. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put). Certain put options written by the Fund, which counterparties may use as a source of liquidity, may be structured to have an exercise price that is less than the market value of the underlying securities that would be received by the Fund. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. An index is designed to reflect features of a particular financial or securities market, a specific group of financial instruments or securities, or certain economic indicators.
The Fund will cover its obligations when it writes call options or put options. In the case of a call option on a debt obligation or other security, the option is covered if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees in such amount are segregated by the Fund or earmarked) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by the Fund. A call option on a security is also covered if the Fund does not hold the underlying security or have the right to acquire it, but the Fund segregates or earmarks assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees in an amount equal to the value of the underlying security (minus any collateral deposited with a broker-dealer or other financial institution), on a mark-to-market basis (a so-called naked call option).
For a written call option on an index, the option is covered if the Fund segregates or earmarks assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees in an amount equal to the value of the underlying index. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same security or index as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written, provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in segregated or earmarked assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. A put option on a security or an index is covered if the Fund segregates or earmarks assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees equal to the exercise price. A put option is also covered if the Fund holds a put on the same security or index as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is (i) equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the put written, provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in segregated or earmarked assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. Obligations under written call and put options so covered will not be construed to be senior securities for purposes of the Funds investment restrictions concerning senior securities and borrowings.
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If an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an exchange-traded option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, exchange, underlying security or index, exercise price, and expiration). There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund desires. In addition, the Fund may sell put or call options it has previously purchased, which could result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount realized on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put or call option which is sold. Prior to the exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series.
The Fund will realize a capital gain from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing option is less than the premium received from writing the option, or, if it is more, the Fund will realize a capital loss. If the premium received from a closing sale transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, the Fund will realize a capital gain or, if it is less, the Fund will realize a capital loss. The principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price of the underlying security or index in relation to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying security or index, and the time remaining until the expiration date.
The premium paid for a put or call option purchased by the Fund is an asset of the Fund. The premium received for an option written by the Fund is recorded as a deferred credit. The value of an option purchased or written is marked to market daily and is valued in accordance with the Funds valuation policies and procedures. See Net Asset Value below.
The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying security. A straddle will be covered when sufficient liquid assets are deposited to meet the Funds immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund will also segregate or earmark liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is in the money.
OTC Options. The staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased OTC options and the assets used as cover for written OTC options should generally be treated as illiquid. However, the staff of the SEC has also taken the position that the determination of whether a particular instrument is liquid should be made under guidelines and standards established by a funds board of trustees. The SEC staff has provided examples of factors that may be taken into account in determining whether a particular instrument should be treated as liquid. Pursuant to policies adopted by the Funds Board of Trustees, purchased OTC options and the assets used as cover for OTC options written by the Fund may be treated as liquid under certain circumstances, such as when PIMCO has the contractual right to terminate or close out the OTC option on behalf of the Fund within seven days. These policies are not fundamental policies of the Fund and may be changed or modified by the Board of Trustees without the approval of shareholders, provided that any such change or modification will be consistent with applicable positions of the SEC staff.
Risks Associated with Options on Securities and Indexes. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and on indexes. For example, there are significant differences
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between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events.
During the option period, the covered call writer has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of an option often has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying security at the exercise price. To the extent the Fund writes a put option, the Fund has assumed the obligation during the option period to purchase the underlying investment from the put buyer at the options exercise price if the put buyer exercises its option, regardless of whether the value of the underlying investment falls below the exercise price. This means that the Fund that writes a put option may be required to take delivery of the underlying investment and make payment for such investment at the exercise price. This may result in losses to the Fund and may result in the Fund holding the underlying investment for some period of time when it is disadvantageous to do so.
If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security remains equal to or greater than the exercise price (in the case of a put), or remains less than or equal to the exercise price (in the case of a call), the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call option that it had written on a security, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a covered call option, the Fund forgoes, during the options life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security covering the call option above the sum of the premium and the exercise price of the call.
If trading were suspended in an option purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option on an index written by the Fund is covered by an option on the same index purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund; however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Funds securities during the period the option was outstanding.
To the extent that the Fund writes a call option on a security it holds in its portfolio and intends to use such security as the sole means of covering its obligation under the call option, the Fund has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price during the option period, but, as long as its obligation under such call option continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. If the Fund were unable to close out such a call option, the Fund would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise.
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Foreign Currency Options. To the extent the Fund invests in foreign currency-denominated securities, it may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies as a hedge against changes in the value of the U.S. dollar (or another currency) in relation to a foreign currency in which the Funds securities may be denominated. In addition, each of the Fund may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the OTC market. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options. OTC options differ from traded options in that they are bilateral contracts with price and other terms negotiated between buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options. Under definitions adopted by the CFTC and SEC, many foreign currency options are considered swaps for certain purposes, including determination of whether such instruments need to be exchange-traded and centrally cleared as discussed further in Risks of Government Regulation of Derivatives.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell a security or other asset for a set price on a future date. These contracts are traded on exchanges, so that, in most cases, a party can close out its position on the exchange for cash, without delivering the underlying security or other underlying asset. An option on a futures contract gives the holder of the option the right to buy or sell a position in a futures contract from or to the writer of the option, at a specified price and on or before a specified expiration date. The Fund may invest in futures or options on futures with respect to interest rates, foreign currencies, securities or commodity indexes. The Fund may invest in foreign exchange futures contracts and options thereon (futures options) that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange or board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system as an adjunct to their securities activities. In addition, the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts on various securities indexes (Index Futures) and related options for hedging purposes and for investment purposes. The Fund purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges which have been approved by the CFTC. Through the use of Index Futures and related options, the Fund may diversify risk in its portfolio without incurring the substantial brokerage costs which may be associated with investment in the securities of multiple issuers. The Fund may also avoid potential market and liquidity problems which may result from increases in positions already held by the Fund.
An interest rate, commodity, foreign currency or index futures contract provides for the future sale or purchase of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, commodity, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. An Index Future is an agreement pursuant to which a party agrees to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a securities index (Index) at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an Index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A unit is the value of the relevant Index from time to time. Entering into a contract to buy units is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in an Index. Index Futures contracts can be traded through all major commodity brokers. The Fund will ordinarily be able to close open positions on the futures exchange on which Index Futures are then
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traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. As described below, the Fund will be required to segregate initial margin in the name of the futures broker upon entering into an Index Future. Variation margin will be paid to and received from the broker on a daily basis as the contracts are marked to market. For example, when the Fund has purchased an Index Future and the price of the relevant Index has risen, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, when the Fund has purchased an Index Future and the price of the relevant Index has declined, the position would be less valuable and the Fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker.
The Fund may close open positions on the futures exchanges on which Index Futures are traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. All positions which remain open at the close of the last business day of the contracts life are required to settle on the next business day (based upon the value of the relevant index on the expiration day), with settlement made with the appropriate clearing house. Positions in Index Futures may be closed out by the Fund only on the futures exchanges upon which the Index Futures are then traded.
A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies, including, but not limited to: the S&P 500; the S&P Midcap 400; the Nikkei 225; the Markit CDX credit index; the iTraxx credit index; U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future. Certain futures contracts on indexes, financial instruments or foreign currencies may represent new investment products that lack track records.
The Fund might use financial futures contracts to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates that might adversely affect either the value of the Funds securities or the price of the securities which the Fund intends to purchase. The Funds hedging activities may include sales of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected increases in interest rates, and purchases of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected declines in interest rates. Although other techniques could be used to reduce the Funds exposure to interest rate fluctuations, the Fund may be able to hedge its exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost by using futures contracts and futures options.
The Fund may also invest in commodity futures contracts and options thereon. A commodity futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural or metal commodity at a later date at a price and quantity agreed-upon when the contract is bought or sold.
The Fund may purchase and write call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true. A call option is in the money if the value of the futures contract that is the subject of the option exceeds the exercise price. A put option is in the money if the exercise price exceeds the value of the futures contract that is the subject of the option.
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When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by the Fund, the Fund is required to segregate a specified amount of assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees (initial margin). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. Margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than U.S. exchanges. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called variation margin, equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as marking to market. Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or commodities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing an offsetting futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or commodity with the same delivery date. If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss.
Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.
The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Funds immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund will also segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is in the money.
Limitations on Use of Futures and Futures Options. When purchasing a futures contract that cash settles, the Fund will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees that, when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal to the daily marked-to-market obligation (if any) of the futures contract. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price as high or higher than the price of the contract held by the Fund.
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When selling a futures contract that cash settles, the Fund will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees that are equal to the daily marked-to-market net obligation of the futures contract. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract (or, in the case of an Index Future, a portfolio with a volatility substantially similar to that of the Index on which the futures contract is based), or by holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund (or at a higher price if the difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Funds custodian).
When selling a call option on a futures contract, the Fund may but is not required to earmark or maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees that, when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, equal the total market value of the futures contract underlying the call option. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by entering into a long position in the same futures contract at a price no higher than the strike price of the call option, by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract, or by holding a separate call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price not higher than the strike price of the call option sold by the Fund.
When selling a put option on a futures contract, the Fund may but is not required to earmark or maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees that equal the purchase price of the futures contract, less any margin on deposit. Alternatively, the Fund may cover the position either by entering into a short position in the same futures contract, or by owning a separate put option permitting it to sell the same futures contract so long as the strike price of the purchased put option is the same or higher than the strike price of the put option sold by the Fund.
With respect to futures contracts that physically settle, the Fund may cover the open position by setting aside or earmarking liquid assets in an amount equal to the full notional value of the futures contract. With respect to futures that are required to cash settle, however, the Fund is permitted to set aside or earmark liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market (net) obligation, if any, (in other words, the Funds daily net liability, if any) rather than the full notional value of the futures contract. By setting aside or earmarking assets equal to only its net obligation under cash-settled futures, the Fund will have the ability to utilize these contracts to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate or earmark assets equal to the full notional value of the futures contract.
To the extent that securities with maturities greater than one year are used to segregate liquid assets to cover the Funds obligations under futures contracts and related options, such use will not eliminate the leverage risk arising from such use, which may tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Funds portfolio, and may require liquidation of portfolio positions when it is not advantageous to do so. However, any potential risk of leverage resulting from the use of securities with maturities greater than one year may be mitigated by the overall duration limit on the Funds portfolio securities. Thus, the use of a longer
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term security may require the Fund to hold offsetting short-term securities to balance the Funds portfolio such that the Funds duration does not exceed the maximum permitted for the Fund in the Prospectus.
The Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options which are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system, or in the case of futures options, for which an established over-the-counter market exists.
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company also may limit the extent to which the Fund may enter into futures, futures options or forward contracts.
Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors. The CFTC has adopted regulations that subject registered investment companies and their investment advisers to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in futures, options on futures or commodities, swaps, or other financial instruments regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and the rules thereunder (commodity interests), or if the Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. The Investment Manager is registered with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator (CPO) however, with respect to the Fund, the Investment Manager has claimed an exclusion from registration as a CPO pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5. For the Investment Manager to remain eligible for this exclusion, the Fund must comply with certain limitations, including limits on its ability to use any commodity interests and limits on the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of such commodity interests. These limitations may restrict the Funds ability to pursue its investment objectives and strategies, increase the costs of implementing its strategies, result in higher expenses for the Fund, and/or adversely affect the Funds total return.
Risks Associated with Futures and Futures Options. There are several risks associated with the use of futures contracts and futures options as hedging techniques. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. Some of the risk may be caused by an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security or other investment being hedged. The hedge will not be fully effective where there is such imperfect correlation. Also, an incorrect correlation could result in a loss on both the hedged securities in the Fund and the hedging vehicle, so that the portfolio return might have been greater had hedging not been attempted. For example, if the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the hedged security, the Fund would experience either a loss or gain on the future which is not completely offset by movements in the price of the hedged securities. In addition, there are significant differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given hedge not to achieve its objective. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures and futures options on securities, including technical influences in futures trading and futures options, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities, and creditworthiness of issuers. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the hedged securities if the volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Fund may purchase or sell fewer contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically less than that of the futures contracts. The risk of imperfect correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures
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contract approaches. A decision as to whether, when and how to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected interest rate trends. Also, suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances.
Additionally, the price of Index Futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the relevant index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than does the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. In addition, trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to hours of trading on the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. This may result in a disparity between the price of Index Futures and the value of the relevant index due to the lack of continuous arbitrage between the Index Futures price and the value of the underlying index.
Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures or a futures option position, and that the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.
Risks Associated with Commodity Futures Contracts. There are several additional risks associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Storage. Unlike the financial futures markets, in the commodity futures markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while the Fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.
Reinvestment. In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to
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lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for the Fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for the Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new futures contract, the Fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments.
Other Economic Factors. The commodities which underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks which subject the Funds investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts and Forward Currency Exchange Contracts and Options Thereon. Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on non-U.S. exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees; and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, non-U.S. securities. Some non-U.S. exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex non-U.S. political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Funds ability to act upon economic events occurring in non-U.S. markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States and (v) lesser trading volume. In addition, to the extent that the Fund does not hedge against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which trading is done on non-U.S. exchanges, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in the exchange rate, or the Fund could incur losses as a result of those changes. The value of some derivative instruments in which the Fund may invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Fund, the ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part upon the ability of PIMCO to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If PIMCO incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Fund could suffer losses. In addition, the Funds use of such instruments may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) than if the Fund had not used such instruments.
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Swap Agreements and Options on Swap Agreements. The Fund may engage in swap transactions, including, but not limited to, swap agreements on interest rates, security or commodity indexes, specific securities and commodities, and credit and event-linked swaps. To the extent the Fund may invest in foreign currency denominated securities, it may also invest in currency exchange rate swap agreements. The Fund may also enter into options on swap agreements (swaptions).
The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any legal purpose consistent with its investment objectives and policies, such as attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or to gain exposure to certain markets in a more cost-efficient manner.
Swap agreements are bilateral contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Swap agreements are individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of types of investments or market factors. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, such as the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign (non-U.S.) currency, or in a basket of securities or commodities representing a particular index. A quanto or differential swap combines both an interest rate and a currency transaction. Certain swap agreements, such as interest rate swaps, are traded on exchanges and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Other forms of swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or cap; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or floor; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels. A total return swap agreement is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of underlying assets, which may include a single stock, a basket of stocks, or a stock index during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Consistent with the Funds investment objective and general investment policies, the Fund may invest in commodity swap agreements. For example, an investment in a commodity swap agreement may involve the exchange of floating-rate interest payments for the total return on a commodity index. In a total return commodity swap, the Fund will receive the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of the index, or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee. If the commodity swap is for one period, the Fund may pay a fixed fee, established at the outset of the swap. However, if the term of the commodity swap is more than one period, with interim swap payments, the Fund may pay an adjustable or floating fee. With a floating rate, the fee may be pegged to a base rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, and is adjusted each period. Therefore, if interest rates increase over the term of the swap contract, the Fund may be required to pay a higher fee at each swap reset date.
A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions.
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Most swap agreements entered into by the Fund would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a net basis. Consequently, the Funds current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the net amount). The Funds current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the segregation of assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, to avoid any potential leveraging of the Funds portfolio. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be senior securities for purposes of the Funds investment restriction concerning senior securities and borrowings.
The Fund also may enter into OTC and cleared credit default swap agreements. The credit default swap agreement may reference one or more debt securities or obligations that are not currently held by the Fund. The protection buyer in an OTC credit default swap contract is generally obligated to pay the protection seller an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract until a credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the par value (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer may receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased.
As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The spread of a credit default swap is the annual amount the protection buyer must pay the protection seller over the length of the contract, expressed as a percentage of the notional amount. When spreads rise, market perceived credit risk rises and when spreads fall, market perceived credit risk falls. Wider credit spreads and decreasing market values, when compared to the notional amount of the swap, represent a deterioration of the credit soundness of the issuer of the reference obligation and a greater likelihood or risk of default or other credit event occurring as defined under the terms of the agreement. For credit default swap agreements on ABS and credit indices, the quoted market prices and resulting values, as well as the annual payment rate, serve as an indication of the current status of the payment/performance risk.
Credit default swap agreements sold by the Fund may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk (with respect to OTC credit default swaps) and credit risk. The Fund will enter into uncleared credit default swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination
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date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. In addition, there may be disputes between the buyer and seller of a credit default swap agreement or within the swaps market as a whole as to whether a credit event has occurred or what the payment should be. Such disputes could result in litigation or other delays, and the outcome could be adverse for the buyer or seller. The Funds obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund). In connection with credit default swaps in which the Fund is the buyer, the Fund will segregate or earmark cash or assets determined to be liquid, or enter into certain offsetting positions, with a value at least equal to the Funds exposure (any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed by the Fund to any counterparty), on a mark-to-market basis. In connection with credit default swaps in which the Fund is the seller, the Fund will segregate or earmark cash or assets determined to be liquid, with a value at least equal to the full notional amount of the Funds obligation under the swap. Such segregation or earmarking seeks to ensure that the Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and could have the effect of limiting any potential leveraging of the Funds portfolio. Such segregation or earmarking will not limit the Funds exposure to loss.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act) and related regulatory developments require the clearing and exchange-trading of certain standardized OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC have defined as swaps. The CFTC has implemented mandatory exchange-trading and clearing requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act and the CFTC continues to approve contracts for central clearing. Uncleared swaps are subject to certain margin requirements that mandate the posting and collection of minimum margin amounts on certain uncleared swaps transactions, which may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared swaps than would otherwise be the case. PIMCO will continue to monitor developments in this area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Funds ability to enter into swap agreements or the economic aspects of doing so.
Whether the Funds use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on PIMCOs ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into OTC swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. Certain restrictions imposed on the Fund by the Code may limit the Funds ability to use swap agreements. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including additional government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Like most other investments, swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to the Funds interest. The Fund bears the risk of future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors. If the Fund uses a swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the Fund. While hedging strategies involving swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other Fund investments.
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Many swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Many over-the-counter derivatives are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an over-the-counter derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into over-the-counter derivatives with specialized terms because the market value of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in calculation of the Funds net asset value.
Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions. Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.
Because OTC swap agreements are bilateral contracts that may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. To the extent that a swap is not liquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.
Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. When a counterpartys obligations are not fully secured by collateral, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that a counterparty will be able to meet its obligations pursuant to such contracts or that, in the event of default, the Fund will succeed in enforcing contractual remedies. Counterparty risk still exists even if a counterpartys obligations are secured by collateral because the Funds interest in collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral may not be promptly posted as required. Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterpartys obligations exceed the amount of collateral held by the Fund (if any), the Fund is unable to exercise its interest in collateral upon default by the counterparty, or the termination value of the instrument varies significantly from the marked-to-market value of the instrument.
Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When the Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act establishes a framework for the regulation of the OTC swap markets outlining the joint responsibility of the CFTC and the SEC in regulating swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of swaps, the SEC is responsible for the regulation of security-based swaps and jointly they are both responsible for the regulation of mixed swaps.
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Structured Notes. The Fund may invest without limit in structured notes, which are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate, such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as indexes reflecting bonds. Depending on the terms of the note, the Fund may forgo all or part of the interest and principal that would be payable on a comparable conventional note. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index(es) or other asset(s). Application of a multiplier involves leverage which will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. The Fund may use structured notes to add leverage to the portfolio and for investment as well as risk management purposes. Like other sophisticated strategies, the Funds use of structured notes may not work as intended.
Risks of Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that additional government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures, options and swap agreements, and regulation of certain market participants use of the same, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to fully predict the effects of past, present or future legislation and regulation by multiple regulators in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse. It is possible that legislative and regulatory activity could limit or restrict the ability of the Fund to use certain instruments as a part of its investment strategy. For example, in 2015 the SEC proposed new regulations related to a registered funds use of derivatives and related instruments. If the proposal is adopted in substantially the same form as was originally proposed, it could limit or restrict the ability of the Fund to use certain instruments as part of its investment strategy. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties or issuers, as applicable, with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also limit or prevent the Fund from using certain instruments.
The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.
The regulation of futures, options and swaps transactions in the U.S. is a changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act sets forth a legislative framework for OTC derivatives, including financial instruments, such as swaps, in which the Fund may invest. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act makes broad changes to the OTC derivatives market, grants significant authority to the SEC and the CFTC to regulate OTC derivatives and market participants, and, among other things, requires clearing and exchange trading of many OTC derivatives transactions and imposes minimum margin and capital requirements on uncleared OTC derivatives transactions.
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Additionally, the U.S. government and the EU have adopted mandatory minimum margin requirements for bilateral derivatives. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin required to be provided by the Fund in connection with its derivatives transactions and, therefore, make derivatives transactions more expensive.
Also, in the event of a counterpartys (or its affiliates) insolvency, the possibility exists that the Funds ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under new special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the EU and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, in the EU, governmental authorities could reduce, eliminate, or convert to equity the liabilities to the Fund of a counterparty experiencing financial difficulties (sometimes referred to as a bail in).
Additional Risk Factors in Cleared Derivatives Transactions. Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default index swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared, and additional types of swaps may be required to be centrally cleared in the future. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the Funds counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients obligations to the clearing house.
In many ways, centrally cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to registered funds than bilateral arrangements. For example, the Fund may be required to provide greater amounts of margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions. Also, in contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, following a period of notice to the Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time or increases in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate transactions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could also expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member, because margin for cleared derivatives transactions in excess of clearing house margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that PIMCO expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Funds behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and its clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all transactions submitted for clearing that are within credit limits (specified in advance) for the Fund, the Fund is still subject to the risk that no clearing member will be willing or able to clear a transaction. In those cases, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the transaction, including loss of an increase in the value of the transaction and/or loss of hedging protection offered by the transaction. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and the clearing members is developed
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by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, this documentation generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member, indemnifying the clearing member against losses it incurs in connection with acting as the Funds clearing member, and the documentation typically does not give the Fund any rights to exercise remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent.
Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility (a SEF). A SEF is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. This execution requirement may make it more difficult and costly for funds, such as the Fund, to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions. Trading swaps on a SEF may offer certain advantages over traditional bilateral over-the-counter trading, such as ease of execution, price transparency, increased liquidity and/or favorable pricing. Execution through a SEF is not, however, without additional costs and risks, as parties are required to comply with SEF and CFTC rules and regulations, including disclosure and recordkeeping obligations, and SEF rights of inspection, among others. SEFs typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. The Fund also may be required to indemnify a SEF, or a broker intermediary who executes swaps on a SEF on the Funds behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Funds transactions on the SEF. In addition, the Fund may be subject to execution risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared, and no clearing member is willing to clear the transaction on the Funds behalf. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of any increase in the value of the transaction after the time of the trade.
These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Funds ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. These regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new regulations and the central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause a number of those dealers to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that the new clearing mechanisms will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing will expose the Fund to new kinds of risks and costs.
A Note on Commodity-Linked Derivatives. The Fund may seek to gain exposure to the commodity markets by investing in commodity-linked derivative instruments, swap transactions, or index-linked or commodity linked structured notes.
The value of a commodity-linked derivative investment generally is based upon the price movements of a physical commodity (such as energy, mineral, or agricultural products), a commodity futures contract or commodity index, or other economic variable based upon changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets. Swap transactions are privately negotiated agreements between the Fund and a counterparty to exchange or swap investment cash flows or assets at specified intervals in the future. The obligations may extend beyond one year. There is no central exchange or market for swap transactions and therefore they are less liquid investments than exchange-traded instruments. The Fund bears the risk that the counterparty could default under a
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swap agreement. See Swap Agreements and Options on Swap Agreements above for further detail about swap transactions. Further, the Fund may invest in derivative debt instruments with principal and/or coupon payments linked to the value of commodities, commodity futures contracts or the performance of commodity indices. These are commodity-linked or index-linked notes, and are sometimes referred to as structured notes because the terms of the debt instrument may be structured by the issuer of the note and the purchaser of the note. See Structured Notes above for further discussion of these notes.
The value of these notes will rise or fall in response to changes in the underlying commodity or related index of investment. These notes expose the Fund economically to movements in commodity prices. These notes also are subject to risks, such as credit, market and interest rate risks, that in general affect the values of debt securities. Therefore, at the maturity of the note, the Fund may receive more or less principal that it originally invested. The Fund might receive interest payments on the note that are more or less than the stated coupon interest payments.
The Funds investments in commodity-linked instruments may bear adversely on or be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code. See Taxation.
Asset Segregation. Certain of the transactions described above can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing or financing transaction by the Fund. In such event, the Fund will cover its commitment under such transactions by segregating or earmarking assets in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees, in which case such transactions will not be considered senior securities by the Fund. With respect to forwards and futures contracts and swaps that are contractually required to cash settle (i.e., where physical delivery of the underlying reference asset is not permitted), the Fund is permitted to segregate or earmark liquid assets equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligation under the derivative instrument, if any, rather than the derivatives full notional value, but may segregate full notional value, as applicable, with respect to other derivative instruments (including written credit default swaps and written options) that contractually require or permit physical delivery of securities or other underlying assets. By segregating or earmarking liquid assets equal to only its net marked-to-market obligation under forwards and futures contracts and interest rate swaps that are required to cash settle, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were to segregate or earmark liquid assets equal to the full notional value of such derivatives.
Hybrid Instruments
The Fund may invest in hybrid or indexed securities, which is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a benchmark). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed-income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.
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Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the Fund.
Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or fixed-income securities and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The Fund will only invest in commodity-linked hybrid instruments that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the CEA.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies, as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Funds investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to other restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. In addition, the Funds investments in these products may be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a regulated investment company, and may limit the Funds ability to so qualify.
Leverage and Borrowing
The Fund may obtain leverage through reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or borrowings, such as through bank loans or commercial paper and/or other credit facilities. The Fund may also enter into transactions other than those noted above that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, credit default swaps, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will limit its use of leverage from any combination of (i) reverse repurchase agreements or dollar roll transactions (whether or not these instruments are covered as discussed below), (ii), borrowings (i.e., loans or lines of credit from banks or other credit facilities), (iii) any future issuance of preferred shares, and (iv) to the extent described below, credit default swaps, other swap agreements and futures contracts (whether or not these instruments are covered with segregated assets as discussed below) such that the assets attributable to the use of such leverage will not exceed 50% of the Funds total assets (including, for purposes of the 50% limit, the amounts of leverage obtained through the use of such instruments) (the 50% policy). For these purposes, assets attributable to the use of leverage from credit default swaps, other swap
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agreements and futures contracts will be determined based on the current market value of the instrument if it is cash settled or based on the notional value of the instrument if it is not cash settled. In addition, assets attributable to credit default swaps, other swap agreements or futures contracts will not be counted towards the 50% policy to the extent that the Fund owns offsetting positions or enters into offsetting transactions.
Depending upon market conditions and other factors, the Fund may or may not determine to add leverage following an offering to maintain or increase the total amount of leverage (as a percentage of the Funds total assets) that the Fund currently maintains, taking into account the additional assets raised through the issuance of Common Shares in such offering. The Fund utilizes certain kinds of leverage, such as reverse repurchase agreements and credit default swaps, opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of such leverage over time and from time to time based on PIMCOs assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. If the Fund determines to add leverage following an offering, it is not possible to predict with accuracy the precise amount of leverage that would be added, in part because it is not possible to predict the number of Common Shares that ultimately will be sold in an offering or series of offerings. To the extent that the Fund does not add additional leverage following an offering, the Funds total amount of leverage as a percentage of its total assets will decrease, which could result in a reduction of investment income available for distribution to Common Shareholders.
The net proceeds the Fund obtains from reverse repurchase agreements, or other forms of leverage utilized will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as described in the Prospectus and any prospectus supplement. So long as the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the debt obligations and other investments purchased by the Fund exceeds the costs to the Fund of the leverage it utilizes, the investment of the Funds assets attributable to leverage will generate more income than will be needed to pay the costs of the leverage. If so, and all other things being equal, the excess may be used to pay higher dividends to Common Shareholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from engaging in most forms of leverage representing indebtedness other than preferred shares (including the use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, bank loans, commercial paper or other credit facilities, credit default swaps, total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, to the extent that these instruments are not covered as described below) unless immediately after the issuance of the leverage the Fund has satisfied the asset coverage test with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness prescribed by the 1940 Act; that is, the value of the Funds total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, total net assets) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness to 33 1/3% of the Funds total net assets, including assets attributable to such leverage). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, this asset coverage test is satisfied. The Fund may (but is not required to) cover its commitments under reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, derivatives and certain other instruments by the segregation of liquid assets, or by entering into offsetting transactions or owning positions covering its obligations.
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To the extent that the Fund maintains segregated assets or otherwise covers certain of these instruments, they will not be considered senior securities under the 1940 Act and therefore will not be subject to the 1940 Act 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to forms of senior securities representing indebtedness used by the Fund. However, reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and other such instruments, even if covered, represent a form of economic leverage and create special risks. The use of these forms of leverage increases the volatility of the Funds investment portfolio and could result in larger losses to Common Shareholders than if these strategies were not used. To the extent that the Fund engages in borrowings, it may prepay a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default.
Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs involved. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls or borrowings, issue preferred shares or utilize any other forms of leverage (such as the use of derivatives strategies). If used, there can be no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategies will be successful or result in a higher yield on your Common Shares. When leverage is used, the NAV and market price of the Common Shares and the yield to Common Shareholders will be more volatile. See Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk in the Prospectus. In addition, dividend, interest and other costs and expenses borne by the Fund with respect to its use of reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps, dollar rolls, borrowings or any other forms of leverage are borne by the Common Shareholders and result in a reduction of the NAV of the Common Shares. In addition, because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the Funds total managed assets (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares), which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Shareholders, on the other hand. For purposes of calculating total managed assets, the Funds derivative investments will be valued based on their market value.
The SEC has issued a proposed rule relating to a registered investment companys use of derivatives and related instruments that, if adopted, could potentially require the Fund to reduce its use of leverage and/or observe more stringent asset coverage and related requirements than are currently imposed by the 1940 Act, which could adversely affect the value or performance of the Fund and the Common Shares.
The Fund also may borrow money in order to repurchase its shares or as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including for the payment of dividends or the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of portfolio securities held by the Fund.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and economically similar transactions for hedging or cash management purposes or to add leverage to its portfolio. See the sections Use of Leverage in the Prospectus and Leverage and Borrowing above. A reverse repurchase agreement
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involves the sale of a portfolio-eligible security by the Fund, coupled with its agreement to repurchase the instrument at a specified time and price. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund continues to be entitled to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve leverage risk and the risk that the market value of securities retained by the Fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the Fund which it is obligated to repurchase. The Fund may (but is not required to) segregate or earmark liquid assets equal (on a daily mark-to-market basis) to its obligations under reverse repurchase agreements. To the extent that positions in reverse repurchase agreements are not so covered, they would be deemed senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act.
The Fund also may effect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as sale-buybacks. A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of the Funds repurchase of the underlying security.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls
A mortgage dollar roll is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement in certain respects. In a dollar roll transaction, the Fund sells a mortgage-related security, such as a security issued by GNMA, to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a pre-determined price. A dollar roll can be viewed, like a reverse repurchase agreement, as a collateralized borrowing in which the Fund pledges a mortgage-related security to a dealer to obtain cash. However, unlike reverse repurchase agreements, the dealer with which the Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities which are substantially identical. To be considered substantially identical, the securities returned to the Fund generally must: (1) be collateralized by the same types of underlying mortgages; (2) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (3) have a similar original stated maturity; (4) have identical net coupon rates; (5) have similar market yields (and therefore price); and (6) satisfy good delivery requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within a specified percentage of the initial amount delivered.
The Funds obligations under a dollar roll agreement must be covered by segregated or earmarked liquid assets equal in value to the securities subject to repurchase by the Fund. As with reverse repurchase agreements, to the extent that positions in dollar roll agreements are not covered by segregated or earmarked liquid assets at least equal to the amount of any forward purchase commitment, such transactions would be deemed senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act and would be subject to the Funds restrictions on borrowings.
It is possible that changing government regulation may affect the Funds use of these strategies. Changes in regulatory requirements concerning margin for certain types of financing transactions, such as repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and securities lending and borrowing, could impact the Funds ability to utilize these investment strategies and techniques.
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Repurchase Agreements
For the purposes of maintaining liquidity and achieving income, the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic commercial banks or registered broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the Fund would acquire a security for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to the obligation of the seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Funds cost plus interest). In the case of repurchase agreements with broker-dealers, the value of the underlying securities (or collateral) will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including the interest factor. The Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. This risk includes the risk of procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. PIMCO will monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties.
Credit-Linked Trust Certificates
The Fund may invest in credit-linked trust certificates, which are investments in a limited purpose trust or other vehicle which, in turn, invests in a basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps, interest rate swaps and other derivative transactions or securities, in order to provide exposure to the high yield or another debt securities market. For instance, the Fund may invest in credit-linked trust certificates as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to the high yield markets and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income-producing securities are not available, including during the period when the net proceeds of this offering and any future offering are being invested.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in these credit-linked trust certificates represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the certificate. However, these payments are conditioned on the Funds receipt of payments from, and the Funds potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests. For instance, the trust may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the trust would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the trust would be obligated to pay to the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that the Fund would receive as an investor in the trust. Please see Derivatives InstrumentsSwap Agreements and Options on Swap Agreements in this Statement of Additional Information for additional information about credit default swaps. The Funds investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. It is expected that the trusts which issue credit-linked trust certificates will constitute private investment companies, exempt from registration under the 1940 Act. Therefore, the certificates will be subject to the risks described under Other Investment Companies, and will not be subject to applicable investment limitations and other regulation imposed by the 1940 Act (although the Fund will remain subject to such limitations and regulation, including with respect to its investments in the certificates). Although the trusts are typically private investment companies, they generally are not actively managed such as a hedge fund might be. It is also expected that the certificates will be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the certificates and they may constitute illiquid investments. See Principal Risks of the
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FundLiquidity Risk in the Prospectus. If market quotations are not readily available for the certificates, they will be valued by the Fund at fair value as determined by the Board of Trustees or persons acting at its direction. See Net Asset Value in the Prospectus.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
The Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. When such purchases are outstanding, the Fund will segregate until the settlement date assets determined to be liquid in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price. Typically, no income accrues on securities the Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund may earn income on securities it has segregated.
When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its net asset value. Because the Fund is not required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with the Funds other investments. If the Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment purchases are outstanding, the purchases may result in a form of leverage.
When the Fund has sold a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or could suffer a loss.
The Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a transaction after it is entered into, and may sell when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment securities before they are delivered, which may result in a capital gain or loss. There is no percentage limitation on the extent to which the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.
The Fund may purchase or sell securities, including mortgage-backed securities, in the to-be-announced (TBA) market. A TBA purchase commitment is a security that is purchased or sold for a fixed price and the underlying securities are announced at a future date. FINRA rules include mandatory margin requirements for the TBA market that require the Fund to post collateral in connection with its TBA transactions. There is no similar requirement applicable to the Funds TBA counterparties. The required collateralization of TBA trades could increase the cost of TBA transactions to the Fund and impose added operational complexity.
Common Stocks
Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation. The value of a companys stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or lower demand for the companys products or services. A stocks value also may fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of a companys stock also may be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates. In addition, a companys stock generally pays dividends only after the company invests in its own business and
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makes required payments to holders of its bonds, other debt and preferred securities. For this reason, the value of a companys stock will usually react more strongly than its bonds, other debt and preferred securities to actual or perceived changes in the companys financial condition or prospects. Stocks of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than those of larger companies. Stocks of companies that the portfolio managers believe are fast-growing may trade at a higher multiple of current earnings than other stocks. The value of such stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other stocks.
Short Sales
The Fund may make short sales of securities (i) to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities, (ii) to increase the flexibility of the Fund, (iii) for investment return, (iv) as part of a risk arbitrage strategy, and (v) as part of its overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline or will underperform relative to other securities held in the Funds portfolio.
When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities or maintain an arrangement with a broker to borrow securities and would often be obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
The Fund may invest pursuant to a risk arbitrage strategy to take advantage of a perceived relationship between the value of two securities. Frequently, a risk arbitrage strategy involves the short sale of a security.
To the extent the Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales against the box) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or earmarked assets determined to be liquid by PIMCO in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. A short sale is against the box to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund will engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent the Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.
The Fund may also engage in so-called naked short sales (i.e., short sales that are not against the box), in which case the Funds losses could theoretically be unlimited, in cases where the Fund is unable for whatever reason to close out its short position. The Fund has the flexibility to engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and rules and interpretations thereunder.
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Illiquid Securities
The Fund may invest without limit in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities). PIMCO may be subject to significant delays in disposing of illiquid securities, and other transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities. The term illiquid securities for this purpose means any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Depending on the circumstances, illiquid securities may be considered to include, among other things, certain purchased over-the-counter options and the assets used to cover certain written over-the-counter options, securities or other liquid assets being used as cover for such options, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits which are not subject to prepayment or provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale (such as privately placed debt securities), and other securities which legally or in PIMCOs opinion may be deemed illiquid (not including securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act), and certain commercial paper determined to be liquid.
Rule 144A Securities
The Fund may invest in securities that have not been registered for public sale, but that are eligible for purchase and sale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the Fund, to trade in privately placed securities that have not been registered for sale under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A Securities may be deemed illiquid.
Other Investment Companies
To the extent consistent with its objectives and strategy and permissible under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest in securities of open- or closed-end investment companies, including, without limit, exchange- traded funds (ETFs), and may invest in foreign ETFs. The Fund treats its investments in other investment companies that invest primarily in types of securities in which the Fund may invest directly as investments in such types of securities for purposes of the Funds investment policies (e.g., the Funds investment in an investment company that invests primarily in debt securities will be treated by the Fund as an investment in a debt security).
In general, under the 1940 Act, an investment company such as the Fund may not (i) own more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of any one registered investment company, (ii) invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any single registered investment company or (iii) invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities of other registered investment companies.
The Fund may invest in other investment companies to gain broad market or sector exposure, including during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash (such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of the offering of its Common Shares) or when PIMCO believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values.
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As a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses and would remain subject to payment of the Funds management fees and other expenses with respect to assets so invested. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described in the Prospectus and herein.
Private Placements
A private placement involves the sale of securities that have not been registered under the 1933 Act, or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, to certain institutional and qualified individual purchasers, such as the Fund. In addition to the general risks to which all securities are subject, securities received in a private placement generally are subject to strict restrictions on resale, and there may be no liquid secondary market or ready purchaser for such securities. Therefore, the Fund may be unable to dispose of such securities when it desires to do so, or at the most favorable time or price. Private placements may also raise valuation risks.
Fund Operations
Operational Risk. An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.
Cybersecurity Risk. As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund has become potentially more susceptible to operational and informational security risks resulting from breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional cyber events that may, among other things, cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption and/or destruction, lose operational capacity, result in the unauthorized release or other misuse of confidential information, or otherwise disrupt normal business operations. Cyber security breaches may involve unauthorized access to the Funds digital information systems (e.g., through hacking or malicious software coding), but may also result from outside attacks such as denial-of-service attacks (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). In addition, cyber security breaches involving the Funds third party service providers (including but not limited to advisers, administrators, transfer agents, custodians, distributors and other third parties), trading counterparties or issuers in which the Fund invests can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Moreover, cyber security breaches involving trading counterparties or issuers in which the Fund invests could adversely impact such counterparties or issuers and cause the Funds investment to lose value. Cyber security failures or breaches may result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. These failures or breaches may also result in disruptions to business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Funds ability to calculate its NAV, process shareholder transactions or otherwise transact business with shareholders; impediments to trading; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines; penalties; reputational
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damage; reimbursement or other compensation costs; additional compliance and cyber security risk management costs and other adverse consequences. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in an attempt to prevent any cyber incidents in the future.
Like with operational risk in general, the Fund has established risk management systems and business continuity plans designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security. However, there are inherent limitations in these plans and systems, including that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. As such, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially because the Fund does not directly control the cyber security systems of issuers in which the Fund may invest, trading counterparties or third party service providers to the Fund. There is also a risk that cyber security breaches may not be detected. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Portfolio Turnover
The selling of the securities held by the Fund and reinvestment of the proceeds is known as portfolio turnover. PIMCO manages the Fund without regard generally to restrictions on portfolio turnover. Trading in fixed-income securities does not generally involve the payment of brokerage commissions, but does involve indirect transaction costs. Trading in equity securities involves the payment of brokerage commissions, which are transaction costs paid by the Fund. The use of futures contracts may involve the payment of commissions to futures commission merchants. High portfolio turnover (e.g., greater than 100%) involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. The higher the rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund, the higher these transaction costs borne by the Fund generally will be. Such sales may result in realization of taxable capital gains (including short-term capital gains which are taxed when distributed to shareholders who are individuals at ordinary income tax rates). See Taxation.
The portfolio turnover rate of the Fund is calculated by dividing (a) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the particular fiscal year by (b) the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the particular fiscal year. In calculating the rate of portfolio turnover, there is excluded from both (a) and (b) all derivatives and all securities, including options, whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition were one year or less. Proceeds from short sales and assets used to cover short positions undertaken are also excluded from both (a) and (b). For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 13%. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 22%. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 32%.
Warrants to Purchase Securities
The Fund may invest in or acquire warrants to purchase equity or fixed-income securities. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred securities and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specific price. Warrants are freely transferable and are often traded on major exchanges. Warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitle the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Warrants may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not
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represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. If the market price of the underlying stock does not exceed the exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire worthless. Warrants may increase the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities. Similarly, the percentage increase or decrease in the value of an equity security warrant may be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the value of the underlying common stock. Warrants may relate to the purchase of equity or debt securities. Debt obligations with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible securities and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. Debt obligations also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional debt securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit the Fund to sell the warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, the warrants would generally expire with no value.
The Fund may from time to time use non-standard warrants, including low exercise price warrants or low exercise price options (LEPOs), to gain exposure to issuers in certain countries. LEPOs are different from standard warrants in that they do not give their holders the right to receive a security of the issuer upon exercise. Rather, LEPOs pay the holder the difference in price of the underlying security between the date the LEPO was purchased and the date it is sold. Additionally, LEPOs entail the same risks as other OTC derivatives, including the risks that the counterparty or issuer of the LEPO may not be able to fulfill its obligations, that the holder and counterparty or issuer may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. Furthermore, while LEPOs may be listed on an exchange, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist or that the counterparty or issuer of a LEPO will be willing to repurchase such instrument when the Fund wishes to sell it.
Loans of Portfolio Securities
Subject to certain conditions described in the Prospectus and below, the Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions amounting to no more than one-third of its total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, include possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrowers (which typically include broker-dealers and other financial services companies) fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to borrowers that are believed by PIMCO to be of satisfactory credit standing. Securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities, cash or cash equivalents (negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal at all times to the market value of the securities lent. The borrower pays to the Fund, as the lender, an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on the securities lent.
The Fund may invest only the cash collateral received in interest-bearing, short-term securities or receive a fee from the borrower. In the case of cash collateral, the Fund typically pays a rebate to the lender. Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters
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materially affecting the investment. The Fund may also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved. The Funds performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned and will also reflect the receipt of either interest, through investment of cash collateral by the Fund in permissible investments, or a fee, if the collateral is U.S. Government securities.
Participation on Creditors Committees
Generally, when the Fund holds bonds or other similar fixed-income securities of an issuer, the Fund becomes a creditor of the issuer. As a creditor of an issuer, the Fund may be subject to challenges related to the securities that it holds, either in connection with the bankruptcy of the issuer or in connection with another action brought by other creditors of the issuer, shareholders of the issuer or the issuer itself (collectively, restructuring transactions). Although under no obligation to do so, PIMCO, as adviser to the Fund, may from time to time have an opportunity to consider, on behalf of the Fund and other similarly situated clients, negotiating or otherwise participating in the restructuring of the Funds portfolio investment or the issuer of such investment. PIMCO, in its judgment and discretion and based on the considerations deemed by PIMCO to be relevant, may believe that it is in the best interests of the Fund to negotiate or otherwise participate in a restructuring transaction. Accordingly, and subject to applicable procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, the Fund may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject the Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Fund an insider of the issuer for purposes of the federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict the Funds ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by the Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. Further, PIMCO has the general authority, subject to the above-mentioned procedures, to represent the Fund on creditors committees (or similar committees) or otherwise in connection with a restructuring transaction.
Short-Term Investments / Temporary Defensive Strategies
Upon PIMCOs recommendation, for temporary defensive purposes, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its net assets in investment grade debt securities, including high quality, short-term debt instruments, credit-linked trust certificates and/or index futures contracts or similar derivative instruments. Such investments may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objectives.
Subsidiaries
The Fund may execute its strategy by investing through its Subsidiaries. The Fund does not currently intend to sell or transfer all or any portion of its ownership interest in a Subsidiary. The Fund reserves the right to establish additional Subsidiaries through which the Fund may execute its strategy.
Tax Consequences
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code may limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in certain securities and transactions described above. In addition, the Funds utilization of certain investment instruments may alter the amount, timing and character of the Funds income, and, in turn, of the Funds distributions to its
85
shareholders, relative to other means of achieving similar investment exposure. In certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to sell assets in order to meet regulated investment company distribution requirements even when investment considerations make such sales otherwise undesirable. For more information concerning these requirements and the taxation of the Funds investments, see Taxation below.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions
The investment restrictions set forth below are each a fundamental policy of the Fund that may not, be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Funds outstanding Common Shares and, if issued, preferred shares voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding preferred shares voting as a separate class. The Fund may not:
(1) Purchase any security if as a result 25% or more of the Funds total assets (taken at current value at the time of investment) would be invested in a single industry (for purposes of this restriction, investment companies are not considered to be part of any industry). The Fund will normally invest at least 25% of its total assets (i.e., concentrate) in privately-issued mortgage-related securities not issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
(2) Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities secured by real estate or interests therein, or securities issued by companies that invest in real estate, or interests therein.
(3) Purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts or oil, gas or mineral programs. This restriction shall not prohibit the Fund, subject to restrictions described in the Prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information, from purchasing, selling or entering into futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, or any interest rate, securities-related or other derivative instrument, including swap agreements and other derivative instruments, subject to compliance with any applicable provisions of the federal securities or commodities laws.
(4) Borrow money or issue any senior security, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and as interpreted, modified, or otherwise permitted from time to time by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
(5) Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified, or otherwise permitted from time to time by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
(6) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers, except to the extent that in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws.
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Other Information Regarding Investment Restrictions
Subject to the Funds self-imposed limitations, if any, as they may be amended from time to time, the Fund interprets its policies with respect to leverage and borrowing, issuing senior securities and lending to permit such activities as may be lawful for the Fund, to the full extent permitted by the 1940 Act or by exemption from the provisions therefrom pursuant to exemptive order of the SEC.
Currently, under the 1940 Act, the Fund may generally not lend money or property to any person, directly or indirectly, if such person controls or is under common control with the Fund, except for a loan from the Fund to a company that owns all of the outstanding securities of the Fund, except directors and qualifying shares.
For purposes of the foregoing, majority of the outstanding, when used with respect to particular shares of the Fund (whether voting together as a single class or voting as separate classes), means (i) 67% or more of such shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of such shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of such shares, whichever is less.
Unless otherwise indicated, all limitations applicable to the Funds investments (as stated above and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information or in the Prospectus) apply only at the time a transaction is entered into. Any subsequent change in a rating assigned by any rating service to a security (or, if unrated, deemed by PIMCO to be of comparable quality), or change in the percentage of the Funds assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in the average maturity or duration of the Funds investment portfolio, resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in the Funds total assets will not require the Fund to dispose of an investment. In the event that rating agencies assign different ratings to the same security, PIMCO will determine which rating it believes best reflects the securitys quality and risk at that time, which may be the higher of the several assigned ratings.
Under the Funds policy in paragraph (2) above in Fundamental Investment Restrictions, where the Fund purchases a loan or other security secured by real estate or interests therein, in the event of a subsequent default, foreclosure, or similar event, the Fund may take possession of and hold the underlying real estate in accordance with its rights under the initial security and subsequently sell or otherwise dispose of such real estate.
Under the 1940 Act, a senior security does not include any promissory note or evidence of indebtedness where such loan is for temporary purposes only and in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the total assets of the issuer at the time the loan is made. A loan is presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within sixty days and is not extended or renewed.
For purposes of applying the terms of the Funds policy in the first sentence of paragraph (1) above (the industry concentration policy), PIMCO will, on behalf of the Fund, make reasonable determinations as to the appropriate industry classification to assign to each security or instrument in which the Fund invests. The definition of what constitutes a particular industry is an evolving one, particularly for industries or sectors within industries that are new or are undergoing rapid development. Some securities could reasonably fall within more than one industry category. The Funds industry concentration policy does not preclude it from focusing investments in issuers in a group of related industrial sectors (such as different types of utilities). For purposes of the industry concentration policy, a foreign government is considered to be an industry, although currency positions are not considered to be an investment in a foreign government for these purposes. Mortgage-related or ABS that are issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the
87
U.S.Government or its agencies or instrumentalities are not subject to the Funds industry concentration policy, by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities. Similarly, tax-exempt municipal bonds issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies and authorities are not subject to the Funds industry concentration policy.
To the extent that an underlying investment company in which the Fund invests has adopted a policy to concentrate its investments in a particular industry, the Fund will, to the extent applicable, take such underlying investment companys concentration policy into consideration for purposes of the Funds own industry concentration policy.
For purposes of applying the terms of the policy in the second sentence of paragraph (1) above, privately issued mortgage-related securities include, but are not limited to, any mortgage-related security (other than those issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S Government or its agencies or instrumentalities), securities representing interests in, collateralized or backed by, or whose values are determined in whole or in part by reference to any number of mortgages or pools of mortgages or the payment experience of such mortgages or pools of mortgages, including REMICs, which could include Re-REMICs, mortgage pass-through securities, inverse floaters, collateralized mortgage obligations, collateralized loan obligations, multiclass pass-through securities, private mortgage pass-through securities, and stripped mortgage securities (generally interest-only and principal-only securities). Exposures to mortgage-related securities through derivatives or other financial instruments may be considered investments in mortgage-related securities. Privately issued mortgage-related securities also may include, without limitation, interests in pools of residential mortgages or commercial mortgages, and may relate to domestic or non-US mortgages. Because the market for mortgage-related securities continues to develop, it is possible that instruments that have not yet been created will be issued in the future by non- governmental entities and will be determined by PIMCO to have similar economic characteristics as the instruments named in this paragraph. Such new instruments would be applied towards satisfying the Funds policy in the second sentence of paragraph (1) above.
To the extent the Fund covers its commitment under a reverse repurchase agreement, credit default swap or other derivative instrument by the segregation of assets determined by PIMCO to be liquid in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees, equal in value to the amount of the Funds commitment, such instrument will not be considered a senior security for purposes of the 1940 Act asset coverage requirements otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Fund.
For purposes of its investment policies and restrictions, with the exception of the Funds policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of mortgage-related securities and other debt instruments of varying maturities (the 80% policy), the Fund may value derivative instruments at market value, notional value or full exposure value (i.e., the sum of the notional amount for the contract plus the market value), or any combination of the foregoing (e.g., notional value for purposes of calculating the numerator and market value for purposes of calculating the denominator for compliance with a particular policy or restriction). For example, the Fund may value credit default swaps at full exposure value for purposes of the Funds credit quality guidelines because such value in general better reflects the Funds actual economic exposure during the term of the credit default swap agreement. As a result, the Fund may, at times, have notional exposure to an asset class (before netting) that is greater or lesser than the stated limit or restriction noted in the Funds prospectus. In
88
this context, both the notional amount and the market value may be positive or negative depending on whether the Fund is selling or buying protection through the credit default swap. For purposes of the Funds 80% policy, the Fund values its derivative instruments based on their market value. The manner in which certain securities or other instruments are valued by the Fund for purposes of applying investment policies and restrictions may differ from the manner in which those investments are valued by other types of investors.
From time to time, the Fund may voluntarily participate in actions (for example, rights offerings, conversion privileges, exchange offers, credit event settlements, etc.) where the issuer or counterparty offers securities or instruments to holders or counterparties, such as the Fund, and the acquisition is determined to be beneficial to Fund shareholders (Voluntary Action). Notwithstanding any percentage investment limitation listed under this Investment Restrictions section or any percentage investment limitation of the 1940 Act or rules thereunder, if the Fund has the opportunity to acquire a permitted security or instrument through a Voluntary Action, and the Fund will exceed a percentage investment limitation following the acquisition, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of the securities or instruments and after announcement of the offering, the Fund sells an offsetting amount of assets that are subject to the investment limitation in question at least equal to the value of the securities or instruments to be acquired.
Unless otherwise indicated, all percentage limitations on Fund investments (as stated throughout this Statement of Additional Information or in the Prospectus) that are not: (i) specifically included in this Investment Restrictions section; or (ii) imposed by the 1940 Act, rules thereunder, the Code or related regulations (the Elective Investment Restrictions), will apply only at the time of investment unless the acquisition is a Voluntary Action. The percentage limitations and absolute prohibitions with respect to Elective Investment Restrictions are not applicable to the Funds acquisition of securities or instruments through a Voluntary Action.
The Fund may engage in roll-timing strategies where the Fund seeks to extend the expiration or maturity of a position, such as a forward contract, futures contract or to-be-announced (TBA) transaction, on an underlying asset by closing out the position before expiration and contemporaneously opening a new position with respect to the same underlying asset that has substantially similar terms except for a later expiration date. Such rolls enable the Fund to maintain continuous investment exposure to an underlying asset beyond the expiration of the initial position without delivery of the underlying asset. Similarly, as certain standardized swap agreements transition from over-the-counter trading to mandatory exchange-trading and clearing due to the implementation of Dodd-Frank Act regulatory requirements, the Fund may roll an existing over-the-counter swap agreement by closing out the position before expiration and contemporaneously entering into a new exchange-traded and cleared swap agreement on the same underlying asset with substantially similar terms except for a later expiration date. These types of new positions opened contemporaneous with the closing of an existing position on the same underlying asset with substantially similar terms are collectively referred to as Roll Transactions. Elective Investment Restrictions (defined in the preceding paragraph), which normally apply at the time of investment, do not apply to Roll Transactions (although Elective Investment Restrictions will apply to the Funds entry into the initial position). In addition and notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of this policy, those Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions that are considered Elective Investment Restrictions for purposes of the policy on Voluntary Actions (described in the preceding paragraph) are also Elective Investment Restrictions for purposes of this policy on Roll Transactions. The Fund will test for compliance with Elective Investment
89
Restrictions at the time of the Funds initial entry into a position, but the percentage limitations and absolute prohibitions set forth in the Elective Investment Restrictions are not applicable to the Funds subsequent acquisition of securities or instruments through a Roll Transaction.
Trustees and Officers
The business of the Fund is managed under the direction of the Funds Board (the Board). Subject to the provisions of the Funds Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as may be amended from time to time (the Declaration), its Bylaws, as may be amended from time to time (the Bylaws) and Massachusetts law, the Board has all powers necessary and convenient to carry out this responsibility, including the election and removal of the Funds officers.
Board Leadership Structure The Board is currently composed of nine Trustees, seven of whom are not interested persons (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund or of the Investment Manager (the Independent Trustees), which represents 78% of the Trustees that are Independent Trustees. An Independent Trustee serves as Chair of the Board and is selected by a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees. The Chair of the Board presides at meetings of the Board and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees generally between meetings, and performs such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time.
The Board meets regularly four times each year to discuss and consider matters concerning the Fund, and also holds special meetings to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. Regular meetings generally take place in-person; other meetings may take place in-person or by telephone.
The Board has established six standing Committees to facilitate the Trustees oversight of the management of the Fund: the Audit Oversight Committee, the Nominating Committee, the Valuation Oversight Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Contracts Committee and the Performance Committee. The functions and role of each Committee are described below under Committees of the Board of Trustees. The membership of each Committee (other than the Performance Committee) consists of only the Independent Trustees. The Performance Committee consists of all of the Trustees. The Independent Trustees believe that participation on each Committee allows them to participate in the full range of the Boards oversight duties.
The Board reviews its leadership structure periodically and has determined that this leadership structure, including an Independent Chair, a supermajority of Independent Trustees and Committee membership limited to Independent Trustees (with the exception of the Performance Committee), is appropriate in light of the characteristics and circumstances of the Fund. In reaching this conclusion, the Board considered, among other things, the predominant role of the Investment Manager in the day-to-day management of Fund affairs, the extent to which the work of the Board is conducted through the Committees, the number of funds overseen by the Board that are advised by the Investment Manager or have an investment adviser that is an affiliated person of the Investment Manager (the Fund Complex), the variety of asset classes those funds include, the assets of the Fund and the other funds overseen by the Board in the Fund Complex and the
90
management and other service arrangements of the Fund and such other funds. The Board also believes that its structure, including the presence of two Trustees who are executives with the Investment Manager or Investment Manager-affiliated entities, facilitates an efficient flow of information concerning the management of the Fund to the Independent Trustees.
Risk Oversight The Fund has retained the Investment Manager to provide investment advisory services and administrative services. Accordingly, the Investment Manager is immediately responsible for the management of risks that may arise from Fund investments and operations. Some employees of the Investment Manager serve as the Funds officers, including the Funds principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, chief compliance officer and chief legal officer. The Investment Manager and the Funds other service providers have adopted policies, processes, and procedures to identify, assess and manage different types of risks associated with the Funds activities. The Board oversees the performance of these functions by the Investment Manager and the Funds other service providers, both directly and through the Committee structure it has established. The Board receives from the Investment Manager a wide range of reports, both on a regular and as-needed basis, relating to the Funds activities and to the actual and potential risks of the Fund. These include reports on investment and market risks, custody and valuation of Fund assets, compliance with applicable laws, and the Funds financial accounting and reporting. In addition, the Board meets periodically with the portfolio managers of the Fund or their delegates to receive reports regarding the portfolio management of the Fund and its performance, including its investment risks. In the course of these meetings and discussions with the Investment Manager, the Board has emphasized to the Investment Manager the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management programs and procedures.
In addition, the Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer (CCO). The CCO oversees the development of compliance policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to minimize the risk of violations of the federal securities laws (Compliance Policies). The CCO reports directly to the Independent Trustees, interacts with individuals within the Investment Managers organization and provides presentations to the Board at its quarterly meetings and an annual report on the application of the Compliance Policies. The Board periodically discusses relevant risks affecting the Fund with the CCO at these meetings. The Board has approved the Compliance Policies and reviews the CCOs reports. Further, the Board annually reviews the sufficiency of the Compliance Policies, as well as the appointment and compensation of the CCO.
The Board recognizes that the reports it receives concerning risk management matters are, by their nature, typically summaries of the relevant information. Moreover, the Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified in advance; that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks; that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) in seeking to achieve the Funds investment objectives; and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness.
The charts below identify the Trustees and executive officers of the Fund. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of all persons below is c/o Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019.
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Independent Trustees*
Name, Address,
Year of Birth and Class** |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee ** |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past 5 Years |
|||||
Deborah A.
1952
Class III |
Chair of the Board, Trustee |
Chair - Since 2019
Trustee - Since 2013 |
Advisory Director, Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. (since 1996); Member, Circle Financial Group (since 2009); Member, Council on Foreign Relations (since 2013); Trustee, Smith College (since 2017); and Director, Watford Re (since 2017). Formerly, Co-Chair Special Projects Committee, Memorial Sloan Kettering (2005-2015); Trustee, Stanford University (2010- 2015); Principal, LaLoop LLC, a retail accessories company (1999-2014); Director, Helena Rubenstein Foundation (1997- 2010); and Director, Armor Holdings (2002- 2010). | 92 | None | |||||
Sarah E. Cogan
1956
Class III |
Trustee | Since January 2019 | Of Counsel, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (law firm); Director, Girl Scouts of Greater New York, Inc. (since 2016); and Trustee, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. (since 2013). Formerly, Partner, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (1989-2018). | 92 | None | |||||
Bradford K. Gallagher 1944
Class II |
Trustee |
Since 2013 |
Retired. Founder, Spyglass Investments LLC, a private investment vehicle (since 2001). Formerly, Chairman and Trustee, The Common Fund (2005-2014); Partner, New Technology Ventures Capital Management LLC, a venture capital fund (2011-2013); Chairman and Trustee, Atlantic Maritime Heritage Foundation (2007- 2012); and Founder, President and CEO, Cypress Holding Company and Cypress Tree Investment Management Company (1995-2001). |
92 |
Formerly, Chairman and Trustee, Grail Advisors ETF Trust (2009- 2010); and Trustee, Nicholas-Applegate Institutional Funds (2007- 2010). |
92
Name, Address,
Year of Birth and Class** |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee ** |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past 5 Years |
|||||
James A. Jacobson 1945
Class II |
Trustee | Since 2013 | Retired. Trustee (since 2002) and Chairman of Investment Committee (since 2007), Ronald McDonald House of New York; and Trustee, New Jersey City University (since 2014). Formerly, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Spear, Leeds & Kellogg Specialists, LLC, a specialist firm on the New York Stock Exchange (2003-2008). | 92 | Formerly, Trustee, Alpine Mutual Funds Complex consisting of 18 funds (2009-2016). | |||||
Hans W. Kertess 1939
Class I |
Trustee | Since 2013 | President, H. Kertess & Co., a financial advisory company; and Senior Adviser (formerly Managing Director), Royal Bank of Canada Capital Markets (since 2004). | 92 | None | |||||
William B. Ogden, IV 1945
Class III |
Trustee | Since 2013 | Retired. Formerly, Asset Management Industry Consultant; and Managing Director, Investment Banking Division of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. | 92 | None |
93
Name, Address,
Year of Birth and Class** |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee ** |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past 5 Years |
|||||
Alan Rappaport 1953
Class I |
Trustee | Since 2013 | Adjunct Professor, New York University Stern School of Business (since 2011); Lecturer, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2013); and Director, Victory Capital Holdings, Inc., an asset management firm (since 2013). Formerly, Advisory Director (formerly Vice Chairman), Roundtable Investment Partners (2009-2018); Member of Board of Overseers, NYU Langone Medical Center (2015-2016); Trustee, American Museum of Natural History (2005-2015); Trustee, NYU Langone Medical Center (2007- 2015); Vice Chairman (formerly Chairman and President), U.S. Trust (formerly Private Bank of Bank of America, the predecessor entity of U.S. Trust) (2001- 2008). | 92 | None |
94
Interested Trustees
Name, Address,
Year of Birth and Class |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee ** |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past 5 Years |
|||||
David N. Fisher*** 1968
650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660
Class II |
Trustee | Since January 2019 | Managing Director and Head of Traditional Product Strategies, PIMCO (Since 2015); and Director, Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) of Orange County, a non-profit organization (since 2015). Formerly, Global Bond Strategist, PIMCO (2008-2015); and Managing Director and Head of Global Fixed Income, HSBC Global Asset Management (2005-2008). | 28 | None | |||||
John C. Maney**** 1959
650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660
Class I |
Trustee | Since 2013 | Managing Director of Allianz Asset Management of America L.P. (since January 2005) and a member of the Management Board and Chief Operating Officer of Allianz Asset Management of America L.P. (since November 2006) and a Non-Executive Director and a member of the Compensation Committee of PIMCO Europe Ltd (since December 2017). Formerly, Member of the Management Board of Allianz Global Investors Fund Management LLC (2007-2014) and Managing Director of Allianz Global Investors Fund Management LLC (2011-2014). | 28 | None |
* |
Independent Trustees are those Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act). |
** |
Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of the persons listed above is c/o Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019. The term Fund Complex as used herein includes the Fund and the following registered investment companies: PIMCO Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO Corporate & Income Strategy Fund, PIMCO Corporate & Income Opportunity Fund, PIMCO Income Opportunity Fund, PCM Fund, Inc., PIMCO Dynamic Income Fund, |
95
PIMCO High Income Fund, PIMCO Income Strategy Fund, PIMCO Income Strategy Fund II, PIMCO Global StocksPLUS®& Income Fund, PIMCO Strategic Income Fund, Inc., PIMCO Energy and Tactical Credit Opportunities Fund, each series of PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, PIMCO Flexible Credit Income Fund, PIMCO Flexible Municipal Income Fund, AllianzGI Diversified Income & Convertible Fund, AllianzGI Convertible & Income 2024 Target Term Fund, AllianzGI Convertible & Income Fund, AllianzGI Convertible & Income Fund II, AllianzGI NFJ Dividend, Interest & Premium Strategy Fund, AllianzGI Equity & Convertible Income Fund, AllianzGI Artificial Intelligence & Technology Opportunities Fund, each series of Allianz Funds, Allianz Funds Multi-Strategy Trust, AllianzGI Institutional Multi-Series Trust and Premier Multi-Series VIT. |
*** |
Mr. Fisher is an interested person of the Fund, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, due to his affiliation with PIMCO and its affiliates. |
**** |
Mr. Maney is an interested person of the Fund, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, due to his affiliation with Allianz Asset Management of America L.P. and its affiliates. |
In accordance with the Funds staggered board (see Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust), the Common Shareholders of the Fund elect Trustees to fill the vacancies of Trustees whose terms expire at each annual meeting of Common Shareholders.
Officers
Name,
and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past 5 Years |
|||
Eric D. Johnson1 1970 |
President | Since 2019 |
Executive Vice President, PIMCO. President, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
Ryan G. Leshaw1 1980 |
Chief Legal Officer | Since 2019 |
Senior Vice President and Senior Counsel, PIMCO. Chief Legal Officer, PIMCO-Managed Funds. Vice President, Senior Counsel and Secretary, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
Keisha Audain-Pressley2 1975 |
Chief Compliance Officer | Since 2018 | Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief Compliance Officer, PIMCO. Chief Compliance Officer, PIMCO-Managed Funds. | |||
Peter G. Strelow1 1970 |
Senior Vice President | Since 2019 | Managing Director and Co-Chief Operating Officer, PIMCO. Senior Vice President, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. Formerly, Chief Administrative Officer, PIMCO. | |||
Joshua D. Ratner2 1976 |
Senior Vice President | Since 2019 | Executive Vice President and Head of U.S. Operations, PIMCO. Senior Vice President, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. |
96
Name,
and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past 5 Years |
|||
Stacie D. Anctil1 1969 |
Vice President | Since 2015 |
Executive Vice President, PIMCO. Vice President, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
William G. Galipeau1 1974 |
Vice President | Since 2017 |
Executive Vice President, PIMCO. Vice President, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
Wu-Kwan Kit1 1981 |
Vice President, Senior Counsel, Secretary |
Since 2018 | Senior Vice President and Senior Counsel, PIMCO. Vice President, Senior Counsel and Secretary, PIMCO-Managed Funds. Assistant Secretary, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. Formerly, Assistant General Counsel, VanEck Associates Corp. | |||
Bradley A. Todd1 1960 |
Treasurer | Since 2019 |
Senior Vice President, PIMCO. Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. Formerly, Consultant, EY.
|
|||
Erik C. Brown2 1967 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2015 |
Executive Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
Brandon T. Evans1 1982 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2019 | Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. | |||
Christopher M. Morin1 1980 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2016 |
Senior Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
Colleen Miller2 1980 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2017 |
Senior Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT.
|
|||
Jason J. Nagler2 1982 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2015 | Senior Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. |
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Name,
and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past 5 Years |
|||
Bijal Parikh1 1978 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2019 | Senior Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. | |||
Shwetha P. Shenoy2 1975 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2019 |
Vice President, PIMCO. Assistant Treasurer, PIMCO-Managed Funds, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. |
1 |
The address of these officers is Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, California 92660. |
2 |
The address of these officers is Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019. |
Each of the Funds executive officers is an interested person of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) as a result of his or her position(s) set forth in the table above.
Trustee Qualifications. The Board has determined that each Trustee is qualified to serve as such based on several factors (none of which alone is decisive). Each Trustee, with the exception of Mr. Fisher and Ms. Cogan, has served in such role for several years. Mr. Fisher is a Managing Director and Head of Traditional Product Strategies at PIMCO and Ms. Cogan is Of Counsel, and formerly served as a Partner, at the law firm of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, which served as counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Fund until December 31, 2018. Accordingly, each Trustee is knowledgeable about the Funds business and service provider arrangements and, with the exception of Ms. Cogan and Mr. Fisher, has also served for several years as trustee or director to a number of other investment companies advised by the Investment Manager and/or its affiliates with similar arrangements to that of the Fund. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual is qualified to serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individuals business and professional experience and accomplishments; (ii) the individuals ability to work effectively with other members of the Board; (iii) the individuals prior experience, if any, serving on the boards of public companies (including, where relevant, other investment companies) and other complex enterprises and organizations; and (iv) how the individuals skills, experiences and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
In respect of each current Trustee, the individuals substantial professional accomplishments and prior experience, including, in some cases, in fields related to the operations of the Fund, were a significant factor in the determination by the Board that the individual is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Fund. The following is a summary of various qualifications, experiences and skills of each Trustee (in addition to business experience during the past five years set forth in the table above) that contributed to the Boards conclusion that an individual is qualified to serve on the Board. References to qualifications, experiences and skills are not intended to hold out the Board or individual Trustees as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
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Deborah A. DeCotis Ms. DeCotis has substantial senior executive experience in the investment banking industry, having served as a Managing Director for Morgan Stanley. She has extensive board experience and experience in oversight of investment management functions through her experience as a former Director of the Helena Rubenstein Foundation, Stanford Graduate School of Business and Armor Holdings.
Sarah E. Cogan Ms. Cogan has substantial legal experience in the investment management industry, having served as a partner at a large international law firm in the corporate department for over 25 years and as former head of the registered funds practice. She has extensive experience in oversight of investment company boards through her experience as counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Fund and as counsel to other independent trustees, investment companies and asset management firms.
David N. Fisher Mr. Fisher has substantial executive experience in the investment management industry. Mr. Fisher is a Managing Director and Head of Traditional Product Strategies at PIMCO. In this role, he oversees teams of product strategists covering core and non-core fixed-income strategies as well as the firms suite of equity strategies. Prior to taking on this position, Mr. Fisher was a Global Bond Strategist at PIMCO and has managed PIMCOs Total Return Strategy since 2014. Because of his familiarity with PIMCO and its affiliates, Mr. Fisher serves as an important information resource for the Independent Trustees and as a facilitator of communication with PIMCO.
Bradford K. Gallagher Mr. Gallagher has substantial executive and board experience in the financial services and investment management industries. He has served as director to several other investment companies. Having served on the Operating Committee of Fidelity Investments and as a Managing Director and President of Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, he provides the Fund with significant asset management industry expertise. He also brings significant securities industry experience, having served as a developer and founder of several enterprises and private investment vehicles.
James A. Jacobson Mr. Jacobson has substantial executive and board experience in the financial services industry. He served for more than 15 years as a senior executive at a New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) specialist firm. He has also served on the NYSE Board of Directors, including terms as Vice Chair. As such, he provides significant expertise on matters relating to portfolio brokerage and trade execution. He also provides the Fund with significant financial expertise, serves as the Audit Oversight Committees Chair and has been determined by the Board to be an audit committee financial expert.
Hans W. Kertess Mr. Kertess has substantial executive experience in the investment management industry. He is the president of a financial advisory company, H. Kertess & Co. and a Senior Adviser of Royal Bank of Canada Capital Markets, and formerly served as a Managing Director of Royal Bank of Canada Capital Markets. He has significant expertise in the investment banking industry.
John C. Maney Mr. Maney has substantial executive and board experience in the investment management industry. He has served in a variety of senior-level positions with investment advisory firms affiliated with the Investment Manager. Because of his familiarity with the Investment Manager and affiliated entities, he serves as an important information resource for the Independent Trustees and as a facilitator of communication with Allianz Asset Management of America L.P., PIMCOs U.S. parent company.
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William B. Ogden, IV Mr. Ogden has substantial senior executive experience in the investment banking industry. He served as Managing Director at Citigroup, where he established and led the firms efforts to raise capital for, and provide mergers and acquisition advisory services to, asset managers and investment advisers. He also has significant expertise with fund products through his senior-level responsibility for originating and underwriting a broad variety of such products.
Alan Rappaport Mr. Rappaport has substantial senior executive experience in the financial services industry. He formerly served as Chairman and President of the Private Bank of Bank of America and as Vice Chairman of U.S. Trust and as an Advisory Director of an investment firm.
Committees of the Board of Trustees
Audit Oversight Committee. The Board has established an Audit Oversight Committee currently consisting of Messrs. Gallagher, Jacobson, Kertess, Ogden, Rappaport and Mses. Cogan and DeCotis, each of whom is an Independent Trustee. Mr. Jacobson is the current Chair of the Funds Audit Oversight Committee.
The Audit Oversight Committee provides oversight with respect to the internal and external accounting and auditing procedures of the Fund and, among other things, determines the selection of an independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund and considers, the scope of the audit, approves all audit and permitted non-audit services proposed to be performed by those auditors on behalf of the Fund and approves non-audit services to be performed by the auditors for certain affiliates, including PIMCO and entities in a control relationship with PIMCO that provide services to the Fund where the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Fund. The Audit Oversight Committee considers the possible effect of those services on the independence of the Funds independent registered public accounting firm.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Audit Oversight Committee met six times.
Nominating Committee. The Board has established a Nominating Committee composed solely of Independent Trustees, currently consisting of Messrs. Gallagher, Jacobson, Kertess, Ogden, Rappaport and Mses. Cogan and DeCotis. Ms. DeCotis is the current Chair of the Funds Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending qualified candidates to the Board in the event that a position is vacated or created or when Trustees are to be re-elected. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Nominating Committee met two times.
Qualifications, Evaluation and Identification of Trustees/Nominees. The Nominating Committee of the Fund requires that Trustee candidates have a college degree or equivalent business experience. When evaluating candidates, the Nominating Committee may take into account a wide variety of factors including, but not limited to: (i) availability and commitment of a candidate to attend meetings and perform his or her responsibilities on the Board, (ii) relevant industry and related experience, (iii) educational background, (iv) ability, judgment and expertise and (v) overall diversity of the Boards composition. The process of identifying nominees involves the consideration of candidates recommended by one or more of the following sources: (i) the Funds current Trustees, (ii) the Funds officers, (iii) the Funds investment adviser, (iv) the Funds shareholders and (v) any other source the Committee deems to be appropriate. The Nominating Committee may, but is not required to, retain a third-party search firm at the Funds expense to identify potential candidates.
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Consideration of Candidates Recommended by Stockholders. The Nominating Committee will review and consider nominees recommended by shareholders to serve as Trustees, provided that the recommending shareholder follows the Procedures for Shareholders to Submit Nominee Candidates, which are set forth as Appendix A to the Funds Nominating Committee Charter and attached as Appendix A to this Statement of Additional Information. Among other requirements, these procedures provide that the recommending shareholder must submit any recommendation in writing to the Fund, to the attention of the Funds Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Fund and that such submission must be received at such offices not less than 45 days nor more than 75 days prior to the date of the Board or shareholder meeting at which the nominee would be elected. Any recommendation must include certain biographical and other information regarding the candidate and the recommending shareholder, and must include a written and signed consent of the candidate to be named as a nominee and to serve as a Trustee if elected. The foregoing description of the requirements is only a summary. Please refer to Appendix A to the Nominating Committee Charter, which is attached to this Statement of Additional Information as Appendix A.
The Nominating Committee has full discretion to reject nominees recommended by shareholders, and there is no assurance that any such person properly recommended and considered by the Committee will be nominated for election to the Board.
Diversity. The Nominating Committee takes diversity of a particular nominee and overall diversity of the Board into account when considering and evaluating nominees for Trustee. While the Committee has not adopted a particular definition of diversity, when considering a nominees and the Boards diversity, the Committee generally considers the manner in which each nominees professional experience, education, expertise in matters that are relevant to the oversight of the Fund (e.g., investment management, distribution, accounting, trading, compliance, legal), general leadership experience, and life experience are complementary and, as a whole, contribute to the ability of the Board to oversee the Fund.
Valuation Oversight Committee. The Board has established a Valuation Oversight Committee currently consisting of Messrs. Gallagher, Jacobson, Kertess, Ogden and Rappaport and Mses. Cogan and DeCotis. Mr. Ogden is the Chair of the Valuation Oversight Committee. The Valuation Oversight Committee has been delegated responsibility by the Board for overseeing determination of the fair value of the Funds portfolio securities and other assets on behalf of the Board in accordance with the Funds valuation procedures. The Valuation Oversight Committee reviews and approves procedures for the fair valuation of the Funds portfolio securities and periodically reviews information from PIMCO regarding fair value determinations made pursuant to Board-approved procedures, and makes related recommendations to the full Board and assists the full Board in resolving particular fair valuation and other valuation matters. In certain circumstances as specified in the Funds valuation policies, the Valuation Oversight Committee may also determine the fair value of portfolio holdings after consideration of all relevant factors, which determinations shall be reported to the full Board.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Valuation Oversight Committee met four times.
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Compensation Committee. The Board has established a Compensation Committee that consists of Messrs. Gallagher, Jacobson, Kertess, Ogden, Rappaport and Mses. Cogan and DeCotis. Ms. DeCotis is the Chair of the Funds Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee meets as the Board deems necessary to review and make recommendations regarding compensation payable to the Trustees who are not directors, officers, partners or employees of PIMCO or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with PIMCO.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee met one time.
Contracts Committee. The Board of the Fund has established a Contracts Committee currently consisting of Messrs. Gallagher, Jacobson, Kertess, Ogden, Rappaport and Mses. Cogan and DeCotis. Ms. Cogan is the Chair of the Funds Contracts Committee. The Contracts Committee meets as the Board deems necessary to review the performance of, and the reasonableness of the fees paid to, as applicable, the Funds investment adviser(s) and any sub-adviser(s), administrators(s) and principal underwriters(s) and to make recommendations to the Board regarding the approval and continuance of the Funds contractual arrangements for investment advisory, sub-advisory, administrative and distribution services, as applicable.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Contracts Committee met four times.
Performance Committee. The Board has established a Performance Committee, which consists of Messrs. Gallagher, Jacobson, Kertess, Ogden, Rappaport, Maney and Fisher and Mses. Cogan and DeCotis. Mr. Rappaport is the Chair of the Performance Committee. The Performance Committees responsibilities include reviewing the performance of the Fund and any changes in investment philosophy, approach and personnel of the Investment Manager.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Performance Committee met three times.
Securities Ownership
Listed below for each Trustee is a dollar range of securities beneficially owned in the Fund together with the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in any registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee that are in the same family of investment companies as the Fund, as of December 31, 2018:
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in
All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies* |
||
Independent Trustees |
||||
Bradford K. Gallagher |
$10,001-$50,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
James A. Jacobson |
Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
Hans W. Kertess |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
William B. Ogden, IV |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Alan Rappaport |
$50,0001-$100,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
Sarah E. Cogan** |
None | None | ||
Deborah A. DeCotis |
$50,0001-$100,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
Interested Trustees |
||||
John C. Maney |
$100,001-$500,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
David N. Fisher** |
$100,001-$500,000 | Over $100,000 |
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* |
The term Family of Investment Companies as used herein includes the Fund and the following registered investment companies: PIMCO Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO Corporate & Income Opportunity Fund, PIMCO Corporate & Income Strategy Fund, PIMCO Income Opportunity Fund, PCM Fund, Inc., PIMCO Dynamic Income Fund, PIMCO High Income Fund, PIMCO Income Strategy Fund, PIMCO Income Strategy Fund II, PIMCO Global StocksPLUS®& Income Fund, PIMCO Strategic Income Fund, Inc., PIMCO Energy and Tactical Credit Opportunities Fund, PIMCO Flexible Credit Income Fund, PIMCO Flexible Municipal Income Fund and each series of PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust. |
** |
Effective January 1, 2019, Ms. Cogan and Mr. Fisher became Trustees of the Fund. The information for Ms. Cogan and Mr. Fisher is as of January 1, 2019. |
To the Funds knowledge, the following table provides information regarding each class of securities owned beneficially in an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund as of December 31, 2018 by Independent Trustees and their immediate family members:
Name of Trustee |
Name of Owners and Relations to Trustee |
Company |
Title of Class |
Value of Securities |
Percent of Class |
|||||
Sarah E. Cogan1
|
None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
Deborah A. DeCotis
|
None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
Bradford K. Gallagher | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
James A. Jacobson | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
Hans W. Kertess | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
William B. Ogden, IV2 | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
Alan Rappaport | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
1 |
Effective January 1, 2019, Ms. Cogan became a Trustee of the Fund. The information for Ms. Cogan is as of January 1, 2019. |
2 |
Mr. Ogden owns a less than 1% limited liability company interest in PIMCO Global Credit Opportunity Onshore Fund LLC, a PIMCO-sponsored private investment vehicle. |
To the best of the Funds knowledge as of November 25, 2019, the Trustees and officers of the Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding Common Shares.
As of October 15, 2019, to the knowledge of the Fund, the following entities owned beneficially or of record 5% or more of the Funds outstanding equity securities. To the knowledge of the Fund, no other person owned beneficially or of record 5% or more of the Funds outstanding equity securities on such date.
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REGISTRATION |
PERCENTAGE OF
OUTSTANDING SHARES OF FUND OWNED OF RECORD |
|
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
|
10.09% | |
MERRILL LYNCH PROFESSIONAL
|
8.69% | |
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY
|
16.32% | |
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
|
16.50% | |
PERSHING LLC
|
6.46% | |
TD AMERITRADE INC
|
6.40% | |
UBS FINANCIAL
|
6.85% |
* Entity owned 25% or more of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Fund, and therefore may be presumed to control the Fund, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
Trustees Compensation
Each of the Independent Trustees also serves as a trustee of PIMCO Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund II, PIMCO Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO California Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO New York Municipal Income Fund III, PIMCO Dynamic Income Fund, PIMCO Corporate & Income Strategy Fund, PIMCO Corporate & Income Opportunity Fund, PIMCO
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Income Opportunity Fund, PCM Fund, Inc., PIMCO Dynamic Income Fund, PIMCO High Income Fund, PIMCO Income Strategy Fund, PIMCO Income Strategy Fund II, PIMCO Global StocksPLUS®& Income Fund, PIMCO Strategic Income Fund, Inc. and PIMCO Energy and Tactical Credit Opportunities Fund, each a closed-end fund for which the Investment Manager serves as investment manager (together with the Fund, the PIMCO Closed-End Funds), PIMCO Flexible Credit Income Fund and PIMCO Flexible Municipal Income Fund, each a closed-end management investment company that is operated as an interval fund for which PIMCO serves as investment manager (the PIMCO Interval Funds), and PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, an open-end management investment company with multiple series for which the Investment Manager serves as investment adviser and administrator (the Trust and, together with the PIMCO Closed-End Funds and the PIMCO Interval Funds, the PIMCO-Managed Funds).
In addition, each of the Independent Trustees also serves as a trustee of AllianzGI Diversified Income & Convertible Fund, AllianzGI Convertible & Income Fund, AllianzGI Convertible & Income Fund II, AllianzGI NFJ Dividend, Interest & Premium Strategy Fund, AllianzGI Equity & Convertible Income Fund, AllianzGI Convertible & Income 2024 Target Term Fund, AllianzGI Artificial Intelligence & Technology Opportunities Fund, Allianz Funds, Allianz Funds Multi-Strategy Trust, AllianzGI Institutional Multi-Series Trust and Premier Multi-Series VIT (together, the Allianz-Managed Funds), for which Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC (AllianzGI U.S.), an affiliate of PIMCO, serves as investment manager. The Independent Trustees receive separate compensation from the Allianz-Managed Funds in addition to amounts received for service on the Boards of the PIMCO-Managed Funds.
Each Independent Trustee receives annual compensation of $225,000 for his or her service on the Boards of the PIMCO-Managed Funds, payable quarterly. The Independent Chair of the Boards receives an additional $75,000 per year, payable quarterly. The Audit Oversight Committee Chair receives an additional $50,000 annually, payable quarterly. Trustees are also reimbursed for meeting-related expenses.
Each Trustees compensation for his or her service as a Trustee on the Boards of the PIMCO-Managed Funds and other costs in connection with meetings of such Funds are allocated among the PIMCO-Managed Funds, as applicable, on the basis of fixed percentages as among the Trust, the PIMCO Interval Funds and the PIMCO Closed-End Funds. Trustee compensation and other costs are then further allocated pro rata among the individual funds within each grouping based on each such funds relative net assets.
The Fund has no employees. The Funds officers, Mr. Fisher and Mr. Maney, are compensated by PIMCO or its affiliates, as applicable.
The Trustees do not currently receive any pension or retirement benefits from the Fund or the Fund Complex.
The following table sets forth information regarding compensation received by the Independent Trustees for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2018, the Independent Trustees received the compensation set forth in the table below for serving as Trustees of the Fund and other funds in the same Fund Complex as the Fund. Each officer and each
105
Trustee who is a director, officer, partner, member or employee of the Investment Manager, or of any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Investment Manager, including any Interested Trustee, serves without any compensation from the Fund.
Name of Trustee |
Aggregate
from the Fund
for the Fiscal Year
|
Pension or Retirement
Benefits
as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total Compensation
Complex Paid to the
Trustees for the
|
||||
Trustees |
||||||||
Sarah E. Cogan1 |
$21,223.70 | N/A | N/A | - | ||||
Deborah A. DeCotis |
$51,395.27 | N/A | N/A | $470,000 | ||||
Bradford K. Gallagher |
$44,320.70 | N/A | N/A | $460,000 | ||||
James A. Jacobson |
$54,169.74 | N/A | N/A | $535,000 | ||||
Hans W. Kertess |
$52,019.69 | N/A | N/A | $535,000 | ||||
William B. Ogden, IV |
$44,320.70 | N/A | N/A | $465,000 | ||||
Alan Rappaport |
$44,320.70 | N/A | N/A | $470,000 |
* |
In addition to the PIMCO-Managed Funds, which are advised by the Investment Manager, during the Funds most recently completed calendar year, all of the Trustees (other than Messrs. Fisher and Maney) served as trustees of the Allianz-Managed Funds, which are managed by AllianzGI U.S., an affiliate of PIMCO. The Allianz-Managed Funds and the PIMCO-Managed Funds are considered to be in the same Fund Complex. Mses. Cogan and DeCotis and Messrs. Kertess, Gallagher, Jacobson, Ogden and Rappaport currently serve as trustee or director of 92 funds in the Fund Complex. Mr. Maney and Mr. Fisher currently serve as trustee or director of 28 funds in the Fund Complex. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2018, amounts received by the Trustees from PIMCO-Managed Funds were: for Mr. Kertess, $ 300,000; for Mr. Jacobson, $ 275,000; for each of Messrs. Gallagher, Ogden and Rappaport and Ms. DeCotis, $ 225,000. These amounts are included in the Fund Complex totals in the table above. |
** |
Messrs. Fisher and Maney are interested Persons of the Fund and do not receive compensation from the Fund for their services as Trustees. Mr. Dawson, who resigned from the Board effective January 1, 2019, was also an interested Person of the Fund and did not receive compensation from the Fund for his service as a Trustee. |
Codes of Ethics
The Fund and PIMCO have each adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Investment Manager
PIMCO, a Delaware limited liability company, serves as investment manager to the Fund pursuant to an investment management agreement (the Investment Management Agreement) between PIMCO and the Fund. PIMCO is located at 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, California 92660. PIMCO had approximately $1.88 trillion of assets under management as of September 30, 2019, and $1.45 trillion of third-party assets under management.
1 Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, the law firm of which Ms. Cogan is Of Counsel and of which she previously was a Partner, received fees from the Fund and from the Fund Complex for serving as counsel to the Independent Trustees of the PIMCO-Managed Funds and the Allianz-Managed Funds during both the Funds fiscal years ended June 31, 2017 and June 31, 2018 and the calendar years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018.
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PIMCO is a majority owned subsidiary of Allianz Asset Management of America L.P. (Allianz Asset Management) with minority interests held by Allianz Asset Management of America LLC, and Allianz Asset Management U.S. Holding II LLC, each a Delaware limited liability company and by certain current and former officers of PIMCO. Allianz Asset Management was organized as a limited partnership under Delaware law in 1987. Through various holding company structures, Allianz Asset Management is majority owned by Allianz SE. Allianz SE is a European based, multinational insurance and financial services holding company and a publicly traded German company.
The general partner of Allianz Asset Management has substantially delegated its management and control of Allianz Asset Management to a Management Board. The Management Board of Allianz Asset Management is comprised of John C. Maney.
As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there are no significant institutional shareholders of Allianz SE. Absent an SEC exemption or other regulatory relief, the Fund generally is precluded from effecting principal transactions with brokers that are deemed to be affiliated persons of the Fund or PIMCO, and the Funds ability to purchase securities being underwritten by an affiliated broker or a syndicate including an affiliated broker is subject to restrictions. Similarly, the Funds ability to utilize the affiliated brokers for agency transactions is subject to the restrictions of Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act. PIMCO does not believe that the restrictions on transactions with the affiliated brokers described above will materially adversely affect its ability to provide services to the Fund, the Funds ability to take advantage of market opportunities, or the Funds overall performance.
Investment Management Agreement
Pursuant to an investment management agreement between PIMCO and the Fund (the Investment Management Agreement), the Fund has agreed to pay PIMCO an annual fee, payable monthly, in an amount equal to 1.15% of the Funds average daily total managed assets, for the services rendered, for the facilities it provides and for certain expenses borne by the Investment Manager pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement. Total managed assets includes total assets of the Fund (including assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings ).
Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, PIMCO shall provide to the Fund investment guidance and policy direction in connection with the management of the Fund, including oral and written research, analysis, advice and statistical and economic data and information. In addition, under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees, PIMCO shall provide or cause to be furnished all supervisory and administrative and other services reasonably necessary for the operation of the Fund under what is essentially an all-in fee structure, including but not limited to the supervision and coordination of matters relating to the operation of the Fund, including any necessary coordination among the custodian, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, and recordkeeping agent (including pricing and valuation of the Fund), accountants, attorneys, auction agents and other parties performing services or operational functions for the Fund; the provision of adequate personnel, office space, communications facilities, and other facilities necessary for the effective supervision and administration of the Fund, as well as the services of a sufficient number of persons competent to perform such supervisory and
107
administrative and clerical functions as are necessary for compliance with federal securities laws and other applicable laws; the maintenance of the books and records of the Fund; the preparation of all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns and reports for the Fund; the provision of administrative services to shareholders for the Fund including the maintenance of a shareholder information telephone number, the provision of certain statistical information and performance of the Fund, an internet website (if requested), and maintenance of privacy protection systems and procedures; the preparation and filing of such registration statements and other documents with such authorities as may be required to register and maintain the listing of the shares of the Fund; the taking of other such actions as may be required by applicable law (including establishment and maintenance of a compliance program for the Fund); and the preparation, filing and distribution of proxy materials, periodic reports to shareholders and other regulatory filings.
In addition, under the Investment Management Agreement, PIMCO will procure, at its own expense, the following services, and will bear expenses associated with the following for the Fund: a custodian or custodians for the Fund to provide for the safekeeping of the Funds assets; a recordkeeping agent to maintain the portfolio accounting records for the Fund; a transfer agent for the Fund; a dividend disbursing agent and/or registrar for the Fund; all audits by the Funds independent public accountant (except fees to auditors associated with satisfying rating agency requirements for preferred shares or other securities issued by the Fund and other related requirements in the Funds organizational documents); valuation services; maintaining the Funds tax records; all costs and/or fees incident to meetings of the Funds shareholders, the preparation, printing and mailing of the Funds prospectuses (although the Fund will bear such expenses in connection with the offerings made pursuant to the Prospectus as noted below), notices and proxy statements, press releases and reports to its Shareholders, the filing of reports with regulatory bodies, the maintenance of the Funds existence and qualification to do business, the expense of issuing, redeeming, registering and qualifying for sale, common shares with the federal and state securities authorities, and the expense of qualifying and listing Shares with any securities exchange or other trading system; legal services (except for extraordinary legal expenses); costs of printing certificates representing Shares of the Fund; the Funds pro-rata portion of its fidelity bond and other insurance premiums; and association membership dues.
The Fund (and not PIMCO) will be responsible for certain fees and expenses that are not covered by the unified fee under the Investment Management Agreement. These include fees and expenses, including travel expenses, and fees and expenses of legal counsel retained for their benefit, of Trustees who are not officers, employees, partners, shareholders or members of PIMCO or its subsidiaries or affiliates; the salaries and other compensation or expenses, including travel expenses, of the Funds executive officers and employees, if any, who are not officers, directors, shareholders, members, partners or employees of PIMCO or its subsidiaries or affiliates; taxes and governmental fees, if any, levied against the Fund; brokerage fees and commissions, and other portfolio transaction expenses incurred by or for the Fund (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of outside legal counsel or third-party consultants retained in connection with reviewing, negotiating and structuring specialized loan and other investments made by the Fund, subject to specific or general authorization by the Board (for example, so-called broken-deal costs (e.g., fees, costs, expenses and liabilities, including, for example, due diligence-related fees, costs, expenses and liabilities, with respect to unconsummated investments))); expenses of the Funds securities lending (if any), including any securities lending agent fees, as governed by a separate securities lending agreement; costs, including interest expenses, of borrowing money or engaging in other types of leverage financing, including, without limitation, through the use by the Fund of reverse repurchase
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agreements, tender option bonds, bank borrowings and credit facilities; costs, including dividend cost and/or interest expenses and other costs (including, without limitation, offering and related legal costs, fees to brokers, fees to auction agents, fees to transfer agents, fees to ratings agencies and fees to auditors associated with satisfying ratings agency requirements for preferred shares or other securities issued by the Fund and other related requirements in a Funds organizational documents)associated with the Funds issuance, offering, redemption and maintenance of preferred shares, commercial paper or other senior securities for the purpose of incurring leverage; fees and expenses of any underlying funds or other pooled vehicles in which the Fund invests; dividend and interest expenses on short positions taken by the Fund; organizational and offering expenses of the Fund, including with respect to share offerings following the Funds initial offering, such as rights and shelf offerings (including expenses associated with offerings made pursuant to the Prospectus), and expenses associated with tender offers and other share repurchases and redemptions; extraordinary expenses including extraordinary legal expenses as may arise, including expenses incurred in connection with litigation, proceedings, other claims, and the legal obligations of the Fund to indemnify its Trustees, officers, employees, shareholders, distributors, and agents with respect thereto; and expenses of the Fund which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the Funds average daily total managed assets (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares), which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Shareholders, on the other hand.
PIMCO does not currently receive a management fee from any Subsidiary.
Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund paid the Investment Manager the following amounts for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017:
Fiscal Year | Management Fee Paid by Fund | |
June 30, 2019 |
$66,994,388 | |
June 30, 2018 |
$67,184,830 | |
June 30, 2017 |
$62,049,544 |
Certain Terms of the Investment Management Agreement
The Investment Management Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Fund (including all of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Investment Manager). By its terms the Investment Management Agreement continues in force with respect to the Fund for an initial one year period, and continues in force from year to year thereafter, but only so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not interested persons of the Investment Manager or the Fund, and (ii) by the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of all classes
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of the Fund. The Investment Management Agreement automatically terminates on assignment. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated on not less than 60 days notice by the Investment Manager to the Fund or by the Fund to the Investment Manager.
The Investment Management Agreement provides that the Investment Manager shall not be subject to any liability in connection with the performance of its services thereunder in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
Portfolio Managers
Other Accounts Managed. Daniel J. Ivascyn, Mark R. Keisel, Elizabeth MacLean and Alfred T. Murata, the portfolio managers who are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, also manage other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts, as indicated in the table below. The following table identifies, as of June 30, 2019 (i) the number of other registered investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager (exclusive of the Fund); and (ii) the total assets of such other companies, vehicles and accounts, and the number and total assets of such other companies, vehicles and accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on performance. The information includes amounts managed by a team, committee, or other group that includes the portfolio managers.
Portfolio Manager |
Total
Number of
Accounts |
Total Assets of All Other Accounts (in $ Millions) |
Number of
Other
Paying a Performance Fee |
Total Assets of Other Accounts Paying a Performance Fee (in $ Millions) |
||||||||||||
Daniel J. Ivascyn |
||||||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
19 | $159,625.56 | 0 | $0.00 | ||||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
9 | $85,860.77 | 3 | $7,466.41 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts |
16 | $11,452.54 | 3 | $2,357.56 | ||||||||||||
Mark R. Keisel |
||||||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
22 | $138,713.51 | 0 | $0.00 | ||||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
57 | $76,166.22 | 13 | $22,715.32 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts |
110 | $70,393.50 | 10 | $7,595.90 | ||||||||||||
Elizabeth O. MacLean |
||||||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $312.43 | 0 | $0.00 | ||||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
13 | $8,515.84 | 1 | $829.84 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts |
6 | $1,572.72 | 1 | $153.03 | ||||||||||||
Alfred T. Murata |
||||||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
19 | $158,059.34 | 0 | $0.00 | ||||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
11 | $32,221.03 | 0 | $0.00 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts |
8 | $1,994.67 | 1 | $715.77 |
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Conflicts of Interest
From time to time, potential and actual conflicts of interest may arise between a portfolio managers management of the investments of the Fund, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. Potential and actual conflicts of interest may also arise as a result of PIMCOs other business activities and PIMCOs possession of material non-public information about an issuer. Other accounts managed by a portfolio manager might have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Fund, track the same index as the Fund or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Fund. The other accounts might also have different investment objectives or strategies than the Fund. Potential and actual conflicts of interest may also arise as a result of PIMCO serving as investment adviser to accounts that invest in the Fund. In this case, such conflicts of interest could in theory give rise to incentives for PIMCO to, among other things, vote proxies of the Fund in a manner beneficial to the investing account but detrimental to the Fund. Conversely, PIMCOs duties to the Fund, as well as regulatory or other limitations applicable to the Fund, may affect the courses of action available to PIMCO-advised accounts (including certain funds) that invest in the Fund in a manner that is detrimental to such investing accounts. In addition, regulatory restrictions, actual or potential conflicts of interest or other considerations may cause PIMCO to restrict or prohibit participation in certain investments.
Because PIMCO is affiliated with Allianz, a large multi-national financial institution, conflicts similar to those described below may occur between the Fund and other accounts managed by PIMCO and PIMCOs affiliates or accounts managed by those affiliates. Those affiliates (or their clients), which generally operate autonomously from PIMCO, may take actions that are adverse to the Fund or other accounts managed by PIMCO. In many cases, PIMCO will not be in a position to mitigate those actions or address those conflicts, which could adversely affect the performance of the Fund or other accounts managed by PIMCO. In addition, because certain Clients (as defined below) are affiliates of PIMCO or have investors who are affiliates or employees of PIMCO, PIMCO may have incentives to resolve conflicts of interest in favor of these Clients over other Clients.
Knowledge and Timing of Fund Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers day-to-day management of the Fund. Because of their positions with the Fund, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of the Funds trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of the Fund.
Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers management of a number of accounts with varying investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both the Fund and other accounts managed by PIMCO (each, a Client and collectively, Clients), but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the Fund and the Clients to participate fully. In addition, regulatory issues applicable to PIMCO or the Fund or other accounts may result in the Fund not receiving securities that may otherwise be appropriate for it. Similarly,
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there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Fund and another account. PIMCO has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time. Under PIMCOs allocation procedures, investment opportunities are allocated among various investment strategies based on individual account investment guidelines and PIMCOs investment outlook. PIMCO has also adopted additional procedures to complement the general trade allocation policy that are designed to address potential conflicts of interest due to the side-by-side management of the Fund and certain pooled investment vehicles, including investment opportunity allocation issues.
From time to time, PIMCO may take an investment position or action for a Client that may be different from, or inconsistent with, an action or position taken for one or more other Clients having similar or differing investment objectives. These positions and actions may adversely impact, or in some instances may benefit, one or more affected Clients, including Clients that are PIMCO affiliates, in which PIMCO has an interest, or which pays PIMCO higher fees or a performance fee. For example, a Client may buy a security and another Client may establish a short position in that same security. The subsequent short sale may result in a decrease in the price of the security that the other Client holds. Similarly, transactions or investments by one or more Clients may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of another Client.
When PIMCO implements for one Client a portfolio decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar portfolio decisions or strategies of another Client, market impact, liquidity constraints or other factors could result in one or more Clients receiving less favorable trading results, the costs of implementing such portfolio decisions or strategies could be increased or such Clients could otherwise be disadvantaged. On the other hand, potential conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Client may benefit other Clients. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position for a Client may decrease the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) other Clients, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security for a Client may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) other Clients.
Under certain circumstances, a Client may invest in a transaction in which one or more other Clients are expected to participate, or already have made or will seek to make, an investment. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, a Client may also engage in investment transactions that may result in other Clients being relieved of obligations, or that may cause other Clients to divest certain investments (e.g., a Client may make a loan to, or directly or indirectly acquire securities or indebtedness of, a company that uses the proceeds to refinance or reorganize its capital structure, which could result in repayment of debt held by another Client). Such Clients (or groups of Clients) may have conflicting interests and objectives in connection with such investments, including with respect to views on the operations or activities of the issuer involved, the targeted returns from the investment and the timeframe for, and method of, exiting the investment. When making such investments, PIMCO may do so in a way that favors one Client over another Client, even if both Clients are investing in the same security at the same time. Certain Clients may invest on a parallel basis (i.e., proportionately in all transactions at substantially the same time and on substantially the same terms and conditions). In addition, other accounts may expect to invest in many of the same types of investments as another account. However, there may be investments in which one or more of such accounts does not invest (or invests on different terms or on a non-pro-rata basis) due to factors such as legal, tax, regulatory, business, contractual or other similar considerations or due to the provisions of a Clients governing documents. Decisions as to the allocation of investment
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opportunities among such Clients present numerous conflicts of interest, which may not be resolved in a manner that is favorable to a Clients interests. To the extent an investment is not allocated pro rata among such entities, a Client could incur a disproportionate amount of income or loss related to such investment relative to such other Client.
In addition, Clients may invest alongside one another in the same underlying investments or otherwise pursuant to a substantially similar investment strategy as one or more other Clients. In such cases, certain Clients may have preferential liquidity and information rights relative to other Clients holding the same investments, with the result that such Clients will be able to withdraw/redeem their interests in underlying investments in priority to Clients who may have more limited access to information or more restrictive withdrawal/redemption rights. Clients with more limited information rights or more restrictive liquidity may therefore be adversely affected in the event of a downturn in the markets.
Further, potential conflicts may be inherent in PIMCOs use of multiple strategies. For example, conflicts will arise in cases where different Clients invest in different parts of an issuers capital structure, including circumstances in which one or more Clients may own private securities or obligations of an issuer and other Clients may own or seek to acquire private securities of the same issuer. For example, a Client may acquire a loan, loan participation or a loan assignment of a particular borrower in which one or more other Clients have an equity investment, or may invest in senior debt obligations of an issuer for one Client and junior debt obligations or equity of the same issuer for another Client.
Conflicts potentially limiting the Funds investment opportunities may also arise when the Fund and other Clients invest in different parts of an issuers capital structure, such as when the Fund owns senior debt obligations of an issuer and other Clients own junior tranches of the same issuer. In such circumstances, decisions over whether to trigger an event of default, over the terms of any workout, or how to exit an investment may result in conflicts of interest. In order to minimize such conflicts, a portfolio manager may avoid certain investment opportunities that would potentially give rise to conflicts with other Clients or PIMCO may enact internal procedures designed to minimize such conflicts, which could have the effect of limiting the Funds investment opportunities. Additionally, if PIMCO acquires material non-public confidential information in connection with its business activities for other Clients, a portfolio manager may be restricted from purchasing securities or selling securities for the Fund. Moreover, the Fund or other accounts managed by PIMCO may invest in a transaction in which one or more other funds or accounts managed by PIMCO are expected to participate, or already have made or will seek to make, an investment. Such funds or accounts may have conflicting interests and objectives in connection with such investments, including, for example and without limitation, with respect to views on the operations or activities of the issuer involved, the targeted returns from the investment, and the timeframe for, and method of, exiting the investment. Additionally, a fund or other account managed by PIMCO may take an investment position or action that may be different from, or inconsistent with, an investment position or action taken by another fund or other account managed by PIMCO having similar or differing investment objectives. These positions and actions may adversely impact the Fund. For example, the Fund may buy a security and another fund or other account managed by PIMCO may establish a short position in that same security or in another security issued by the same issuer. The subsequent short sale may result in a decrease in the price of the security that the first fund holds. When making investment decisions where a conflict of interest may arise, PIMCO will endeavor to act in a fair and equitable manner as between the Fund and other Clients; however, in certain instances the resolution of the conflict may result in PIMCO acting on behalf of another Client in a manner that may not be in the best interest, or may be opposed to the best interest, of the Fund.
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In each of the situations described above, PIMCO may take actions with respect to the assets held by one Client that are adverse to the other Clients, for example, by foreclosing on loans, by putting an issuer into default, or by exercising rights to purchase or sell to an issuer, causing an issuer to take actions adverse to certain classes of securities, or otherwise. In negotiating the terms and conditions of any such investments, or any subsequent amendments or waivers or taking any other actions, PIMCO may find that the interests of a Client and the interests of one or more other Clients could conflict. In these situations, decisions over items such as whether to make the investment or take an action, proxy voting, corporate reorganization, how to exit an investment, or bankruptcy or similar matters (including, for example, whether to trigger an event of default or the terms of any workout) may result in conflicts of interest. Similarly, if an issuer in which a Client and one or more other Clients directly or indirectly hold different classes of securities (or other assets, instruments or obligations issued by such issuer or underlying investments of such issuer) encounters financial problems, decisions over the terms of any workout will raise conflicts of interests (including, for example, conflicts over proposed waivers and amendments to debt covenants). For example, a debt holder may be better served by a liquidation of the issuer in which it may be paid in full, whereas an equity or junior bond holder might prefer a reorganization that holds the potential to create value for the equity holders. In some cases PIMCO may refrain from taking certain actions or making certain investments on behalf of Clients in order to avoid or mitigate certain conflicts of interest or to prevent adverse regulatory or other effects on PIMCO, or may sell investments for certain Clients (in each case potentially disadvantaging the Clients on whose behalf the actions are not taken, investments not made, or investments sold). In other cases, PIMCO may not refrain from taking actions or making investments on behalf of certain Clients that have the potential to disadvantage other Clients. In addition, PIMCO may take actions or refrain from taking actions in order to mitigate legal risks to PIMCO or its affiliates or its Clients even if disadvantageous to a Clients account. Moreover, a Client may invest in a transaction in which one or more other Clients are expected to participate, or already have made or will seek to make, an investment.
Additionally, certain conflicts may exist with respect to portfolio managers who make investment decisions on behalf of several different types of Clients. Such portfolio managers may have an incentive to allocate trades, time or resources to certain Clients, including those Clients who pay higher investment management fees or that pay incentive fees or allocations, over other Clients. These conflicts may be heightened with respect to portfolio managers who are eligible to receive a performance allocation under certain circumstances as part of their compensation.
From time to time, PIMCO personnel may come into possession of material non-public information (MNPI) which, if disclosed, might affect an investors decision to buy, sell or hold a security. Should a PIMCO employee come into possession of MNPI with respect to an issuer, he or she generally will be prohibited from communicating such information to, or using such information for the benefit of, Clients, which could limit the ability of Clients to buy, sell or hold certain investments, thereby limiting the investment opportunities or exit strategies available to Clients. In addition, holdings in the securities or other instruments of an issuer by PIMCO or its affiliates may affect the ability of a Client to make certain acquisitions of or enter into certain transactions with such issuer. PIMCO has no obligation or responsibility to disclose such information to, or use such information for the benefit of, any person (including Clients).
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PIMCO maintains one or more restricted lists of companies whose securities are subject to certain trading prohibitions due to PIMCOs business activities. PIMCO may restrict trading in an issuers securities if the issuer is on a restricted list or if PIMCO has MNPI about that issuer. In some situations, PIMCO may restrict Clients from trading in a particular issuers securities in order to allow PIMCO to receive MNPI on behalf of other Clients. A Client may be unable to buy or sell certain securities until the restriction is lifted, which could disadvantage the Client. PIMCO may also be restricted from making (or divesting of) investments in respect of some Clients but not others. In some cases PIMCO may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit its advice relating to certain securities if a security is restricted due to MNPI or if PIMCO is seeking to limit receipt of MNPI.
PIMCO may conduct litigation or engage in other legal actions on behalf of one or more Clients. In such cases, Clients may be required to bear certain fees, costs, expenses and liabilities associated with the litigation. Other Clients that are or were investors in, or otherwise involved with, the subject investments may or may not (depending on the circumstances) be parties to such litigation actions, with the result that certain Clients may participate in litigation actions in which not all Clients with similar investments may participate, and such nonparticipating Clients may benefit from the results of such litigation actions without bearing or otherwise being subject to the associated fees, costs, expenses and liabilities. PIMCO, for example, typically does not pursue legal claims on behalf of its separate accounts. Furthermore, in certain situations, litigation or other legal actions pursued by PIMCO on behalf of a Client may be brought against or be otherwise adverse to a portfolio company or other investment held by a Client.
The foregoing is not a complete list of conflicts to which PIMCO or Clients may be subject. PIMCO seeks to review conflicts on a case-by-case basis as they arise. Any review will take into consideration the interests of the relevant Clients, the circumstances giving rise to the conflict, applicable PIMCO policies and procedures, and applicable laws. Clients (and investors in Funds) should be aware that conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of their interests and may in fact be resolved in a manner adverse to their interests. PIMCO will attempt to resolve such matters fairly, but even so, matters may be resolved in favor of other Clients which pay PIMCO higher fees or performance fees or in which PIMCO or its affiliates have a significant proprietary interest. There can be no assurance that any actual or potential conflicts of interest will not result in a particular Client or group of Clients receiving less favorable investment terms in or returns from certain investments than if such conflicts of interest did not exist.
Performance Fees. A portfolio manager may advise certain accounts with respect to which the management fee is based entirely or partially on performance. Performance fee arrangements may create a conflict of interest for the portfolio manager in that the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate the investment opportunities that he or she believes might be the most profitable to such other accounts instead of allocating them to the Fund. PIMCO has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities between the Fund and certain pooled investment vehicles on a fair and equitable basis over time.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
PIMCOs approach to compensation seeks to provide professionals with a Total Compensation Plan and process that is driven by PIMCOs mission and values. Key Principles on Compensation Philosophy include:
|
PIMCOs pay practices are designed to attract and retain high performers; |
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|
PIMCOs pay philosophy embraces a corporate culture of rewarding strong performance, a strong work ethic, and meritocracy; |
|
PIMCOs goal is to ensure key professionals are aligned to PIMCOs long-term success through equity participation; and |
|
PIMCOs Discern and Differentiate discipline guides total compensation levels. |
The Total Compensation Plan consists of three components. The compensation program for portfolio managers is designed to align with clients interests, emphasizing each portfolio managers ability to generate long-term investment success for PIMCOs clients. A portfolio managers compensation is not based solely on the performance of the Fund or any other account managed by that portfolio manager:
Base Salary Base salary is determined based on core job responsibilities, positions/levels and market factors. Base salary levels are reviewed annually, when there is a significant change in job responsibilities or position, or a significant change in market levels.
Performance Bonus Performance bonuses are designed to reward risk-adjusted performance and contributions to PIMCOs broader investment process. The compensation process is not formulaic and the following non-exhaustive list of qualitative and quantitative criteria are considered when determining the total compensation for portfolio managers:
|
Performance measured over a variety of longer- and shorter-term periods, including 5- year, 4-year, 3-year, 2-year and 1-year dollar-weighted and account-weighted, pre-tax total and risk-adjusted investment performance as judged against the applicable benchmarks (which may include internal investment performance-related benchmarks) for each account managed by a portfolio manager (including the Fund) and relative to applicable industry peer groups; greatest emphasis is placed on 5-year and 3-year performance, followed by 1-year performance; |
|
Consistency of investment performance across portfolios of similar mandate and guidelines, rewarding low dispersion and consistency of outperformance; |
|
Appropriate risk positioning and risk management mindset which includes consistency with PIMCOs investment philosophy, the Investment Committees positioning guidance, absence of defaults, and appropriate alignment with client objectives; |
|
Contributions to mentoring, coaching and/or supervising members of team; |
|
Collaboration, idea generation, and contribution of investment ideas in the context of PIMCOs investment process, Investment Committee meetings, and day-to-day management of portfolios; |
|
With much lesser importance than the aforementioned factors: amount and nature of assets managed by the portfolio manager, contributions to asset retention, and client satisfaction. |
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PIMCOs partnership culture further rewards strong long term risk adjusted returns with promotion decisions almost entirely tied to long term contributions to the investment process. 10-year performance can also be considered, though not explicitly as part of the compensation process.
Deferred Compensation Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and/or M Options are awarded to key professionals. Employees who reach a total compensation threshold are delivered their annual compensation in a mix of cash and/or deferred compensation. PIMCO incorporates a progressive allocation of deferred compensation as a percentage of total compensation, which is in line with market practices.
|
The LTIP provides participants with deferred cash awards that appreciate or depreciate based on PIMCOs operating earnings over a rolling three-year period. The plan provides a link between longer term company performance and participant pay, further motivating participants to make a long term commitment to PIMCOs success. |
|
The M Unit program provides mid-to-senior level employees with the potential to acquire an equity stake in PIMCO over their careers and to better align employee incentives with the Firms long-term results. In the program, options are awarded and vest over a number of years and may convert into PIMCO equity which shares in the profit distributions of the Firm. M Units are non-voting common equity of PIMCO and provide a mechanism for individuals to build a significant equity stake in PIMCO over time. |
Eligibility to participate in LTIP and the M Unit program is contingent upon continued employment at PIMCO and all other applicable eligibility requirements.
Profit Sharing Plan. Portfolio managers who are Managing Directors of PIMCO receive compensation from a non-qualified profit sharing plan consisting of a portion of PIMCOs net profits. Portfolio managers who are Managing Directors receive an amount determined by the Compensation Committee, based upon an individuals overall contribution to the firm.
Securities Ownership
To the best of the Funds knowledge, the table below shows the dollar range of shares of the Fund beneficially owned as of June 30, 2019 by each portfolio manager of the Fund.
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund | |
Mark. R. Kiesel |
Over $10,000,000 |
|
Daniel J. Ivascyn |
Over $10,000,000 |
|
Alfred T. Murata |
$50,001-$100,000 |
|
Elizabeth O. MacLean |
$50,001-$100,000 |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
PIMCO has adopted written proxy voting policies and procedures (Proxy Policy) as required by Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Fund has adopted the Proxy Policy of PIMCO when voting proxies on its behalf.
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Policy Statement: The Proxy Policy is intended to foster PIMCOs compliance with its fiduciary obligations and applicable law; the policy applies to any voting or consent rights with respect to securities held in accounts over which PIMCO has discretionary voting authority. The Proxy Policy is designed in a manner reasonably expected to ensure that voting and consent rights are exercised in the best interests of PIMCOs clients.
Overview: As a general matter, when PIMCO has proxy voting authority, PIMCO has a fiduciary obligation to monitor corporate events and to take appropriate action on client proxies that come to its attention. Each proxy is voted on a case-by-case basis, taking into account relevant facts and circumstances. When considering client proxies, PIMCO may determine not to vote a proxy in limited circumstances.
Equity Securities. PIMCO has retained an Industry Service Provider (ISP) to provide research and voting recommendations for proxies relating to equity securities in accordance with the ISPs guidelines. By following the guidelines of an independent third party, PIMCO seeks to mitigate potential conflicts of interest PIMCO may have with respect to proxies covered by the ISP. PIMCO will follow the recommendations of the ISP unless: (i) the ISP does not provide a voting recommendation; or (ii) a portfolio manager decides to override the ISPs voting recommendation. In either such case as described above, the Legal and Compliance department will review the proxy to determine whether a material conflict of interest, or the appearance of one, exists.
Fixed-Income Securities. Fixed-income securities can be processed as proxy ballots or corporate action-consents2 at the discretion of the issuer/custodian. When processed as proxy ballots, the ISP generally does not provide a voting recommendation and their role is limited to election processing and recordkeeping. When processed as corporate action-consents, the Legal and Compliance department will review all election forms to determine whether a conflict of interest, or the appearance of one, exists with respect to the portfolio managers consent election. PIMCOs Credit Research and Portfolio Management Groups are responsible for issuing recommendations on how to vote proxy ballots and corporation action-consents with respect to fixed-income securities.
Resolution of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The Proxy Policy permits PIMCO to seek to resolve material conflicts of interest by pursuing any one of several courses of action. With respect to material conflicts of interest between PIMCO and a client account, the Proxy Policy permits PIMCO to either: (i) convene a working group to assess and resolve the conflict (the Proxy Working Group); or (ii) vote in accordance with protocols previously established by the Proxy Policy, the Proxy Working Group and/or other relevant procedures approved by PIMCOs Legal and Compliance department with respect to specific types of conflicts.
PIMCO will supervise and periodically review its proxy voting activities and the implementation of the Proxy Policy.
2 Voting or consent rights shall not include matters which are primarily decisions to buy or sell investments, such as tender offers, exchange offers, conversions, put options, redemptions, and Dutch auctions.
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Information about how PIMCO voted the Funds proxies for the most recent twelve month period ended June 30th (Form N-PX) will be available no later than the following August 31st, without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at (844) 33-PIMCO (844-337-4626), on the Funds website at www.pimco.com and on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.
Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions
Investment decisions for the Fund and for the other investment advisory clients of PIMCO are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investments by the Fund also may be appropriate for other clients served by PIMCO. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time, including accounts in which PIMCO, its affiliates and its employees may have a financial interest. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients served by PIMCO is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and other clients pursuant to PIMCOs trade allocation policy, as applicable, that is designed to ensure that all accounts, including the Fund, are treated fairly, equitably, and in a non-preferential manner, such that allocations are not based upon fee structure or portfolio manager preference. PIMCO may acquire on behalf of its clients (including the Fund) securities or other financial instruments providing exposure to different aspects of the capital and debt structure of an issuer, including without limitation those that relate to senior and junior/subordinate obligations of such issuer. In certain circumstances, the interests of those clients exposed to one portion of the issuers capital and debt structure may diverge from those clients exposed to a different portion of the issuers capital and debt structure. PIMCO may advise some clients or take actions for them in their best interests with respect to their exposures to an issuers capital and debt structure that may diverge from the interests of other clients with different exposures to the same issuers capital and debt structure.
PIMCO may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients when, in its reasonable judgment, aggregation may result in an overall economic benefit to the Fund and the other clients in terms of pricing, brokerage commissions or other expenses. When feasible, PIMCO allocates trades prior to execution. When pre-execution allocation is not feasible, PIMCO promptly allocates trades following established and objective procedures. Allocations generally are made at or about the time of execution and before the end of the trading day. As a result, one account may receive a price for a particular transaction that is different from the price received by another account for a similar transaction on the same day. In general, trades are allocated among portfolio managers on a pro rata basis (to the extent a portfolio manager decides to participate fully in the trade), for further allocation by each portfolio manager among that managers eligible accounts. In allocating trades among accounts, portfolio managers generally consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, each accounts deviation (in terms of risk exposure and/or performance characteristics) from a relevant model portfolio, each accounts investment objectives, restrictions and guidelines, its risk exposure, its available cash, and its existing holdings of similar securities. Once trades are allocated, they may be reallocated only in unusual circumstances due to recognition of specific account restrictions. In some cases, PIMCO may sell a security on behalf of a client, including the Fund, to a broker-dealer that thereafter may
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be purchased for the accounts of one or more other clients, including the Fund, from that or another broker-dealer. PIMCO have adopted procedures they believe are reasonably designed to obtain the best execution for the transactions by each account.
Brokerage and Research Services
There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities, which are often traded in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or mark-up. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in foreign securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. Transactions in fixed-income securities on certain foreign exchanges may involve commission payments.
PIMCO places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options, futures contracts, swap agreements and other instruments for the Fund and buys and sells such securities, options, futures, swap agreements and other instruments for the Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, PIMCO uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the best execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking best execution, PIMCO, having in mind the Funds best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in other transactions. Changes in the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund from year-to-year may be attributable to changes in the asset size of the Fund, the volume of the portfolio transactions effected by the Fund, the types of instruments in which the Fund invests, or the rates negotiated by PIMCO on behalf of the Fund.
The Fund paid $9,220, $1,887, and $5,133 in brokerage commissions during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. PIMCO places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Funds account with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the account of the Fund, PIMCO will seek the best price and execution of the Funds orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when PIMCO believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below.
It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to receive research and brokerage products and services (together, services) from broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, PIMCO may receive research services from many broker-dealers with which PIMCO places the Funds portfolio transactions. PIMCO also may receive research or research related credits from brokers that are generated from underwriting commissions when purchasing new issues of fixed-income securities or other assets for the Fund.
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These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, include such matters as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities and services related to the execution of securities transactions. Some of these services are of value to PIMCO in advising various of its clients (including the Fund), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing the Fund. Conversely, research and brokerage services provided to the Fund by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of PIMCO may be useful to PIMCO in managing the Fund, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to PIMCO in managing such other clients.
In reliance on the safe harbor provided by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, as amended, PIMCO may cause the Fund to pay broker-dealers which provide them with brokerage and research services (as defined in the Exchange Act) an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if PIMCO determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or PIMCOs overall responsibilities to the advisory accounts for which PIMCO exercises investment discretion.
PIMCO may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchanged-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of PIMCO where, in the judgment of PIMCO, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers.
Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of PIMCO may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a national securities exchange of which the broker-dealer is a member if the transaction is executed on the floor of the exchange by another broker which is not an associated person of the affiliated broker-dealer, and if there is in effect a written contract between PIMCO and the Fund expressly permitting the affiliated broker-dealer to receive and retain such compensation.
SEC rules further require that commissions paid to such an affiliated broker dealer, or PIMCO by the Fund on exchange transactions not exceed usual and customary brokerage commissions. The rules define usual and customary commissions to include amounts which are reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.
The Fund did not pay any commissions to affiliated brokers during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017.
Holdings of Securities of the Funds Regular Brokers and Dealers
The following table indicates the value of the Funds aggregate holdings of the securities of its regular brokers or dealers for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.
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Broker or Dealer |
Value of Securities Held by the Fund as of June 30, 2019 |
|
Banc of America Securities LLC |
$593,919 | |
JPMorgan Chase & Co. |
256,715 | |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. |
121,977 | |
Credit Suisse (USA), Inc. |
114,344 | |
Barclays, Inc. |
104,169 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. |
78,926 | |
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
62,142 | |
RBC Capital Markets Corp. |
50,500 | |
Nomura Securities International Inc. |
27,639 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. |
21,898 | |
Wells Fargo & Co. |
18,634 | |
UBS Securities LLC |
8,610 | |
State Street Bank & Trust Co. |
2,890 | |
BNP Paribas Securities Corp. |
$534 |
See Distributions in the Prospectus for information relating to distributions to Fund shareholders.
The Board of Trustees has declared a dividend of $0.174 per Common Share payable on December 2, 2019.
Common Shares
The Funds Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The Common Shares currently outstanding have been issued with a par value of $0.00001 per share. All Common Shares of the Fund have equal rights as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation of the Fund. The Common Shares currently outstanding have been fully paid and, subject to matters discussed in Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of TrustShareholder Liability below, are non-assessable, and have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting.
The Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such listing.
Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade at prices lower than net asset value, although they have during some periods traded at prices higher than net asset value and during other periods traded at prices lower than net asset value. There can be no assurance that Common Shares or shares of other similar funds will trade at a price higher than net asset value in the future. Net asset value generally increases when interest rates decline, and decreases when interest rates rise, and these changes are likely to be greater in the case of a fund, such as the Fund, having a leveraged capital structure. Whether investors realize gains or losses upon the sale of Common Shares will not depend upon the Funds net asset value but will depend entirely upon whether the market price of the Common Shares at the time of sale is above or below the original purchase price for the shares. Since the market price of the Funds Common Shares will be determined by factors beyond the
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control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, below, or above net asset value or at, below or above the initial public offering price. Accordingly, the Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes. See Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund.
ANTI-TAKEOVER AND OTHER PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST
Shareholder Liability
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such limited liability be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the Trustees. The Declaration also provides for indemnification out of the Funds assets and property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable on account of being or having been a shareholder. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability should be limited to circumstances in which such disclaimer is inoperative or the Fund is unable to meet its obligations, and thus should be considered remote.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
As described below, the Declaration includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund, convert the Fund to open-end status or to change the composition of its Board of Trustees, and could have the effect of depriving shareholders of opportunities to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund.
The Funds Trustees are divided into three classes (Class I, Class II and Class III), having initial terms of one, two and three years, respectively. At each annual meeting of shareholders, the term of one class will expire and each Trustee elected to that class will hold office until the third annual meeting thereafter. The classification of the Board of Trustees in this manner could delay for an additional year the replacement of a majority of the Board of Trustees. In addition, the Declaration provides that a Trustee may be removed only for cause and only (i) by action of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding shares of the classes or series of shares entitled to vote for the election of such Trustee, or (ii) by written instrument, signed by at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the remaining Trustees, specifying the date when such removal shall become effective. Cause for these purposes shall require willful misconduct, dishonesty or fraud on the part of the Trustee in the conduct of his office or such Trustee being convicted of a felony. Except as provided in the next paragraph, the affirmative vote or consent of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Board of Trustees and at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the holders of shares of the Fund outstanding and entitled to vote thereon are required to authorize any of the following transactions (each a Material Transaction): (1) a merger, consolidation or share exchange of the Fund or any series or class of shares of the Fund with or into any other person or company, or of any such person or company with or into the Fund or any such series or class of shares; (2) the issuance or transfer by the Fund or any series or class of shares (in one or a series of transactions in any twelve-month period) of any securities of the Fund or such series or class to any other person or entity for cash, securities or other property (or combination thereof) having an aggregate fair market value of $1,000,000 or more, excluding sales of securities of the Fund or such series or class in connection with a public offering, issuances of securities of the Fund or such series or class pursuant to a
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dividend reinvestment plan adopted by the Fund and issuances of securities of the Fund or such series or class upon the exercise of any stock subscription rights distributed by the Fund; or (3) a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition by the Fund or any series or class of shares (in one or a series of transactions in any twelve-month period) to or with any person of any assets of the Fund or such series or class having an aggregate fair market value of $1,000,000 or more, except for transactions in securities effected by the Fund or such series or class in the ordinary course of its business. The same affirmative votes are required with respect to any shareholder proposal as to specific investment decisions made or to be made with respect to the Funds assets or the assets of any series or class of shares of the Fund. Notwithstanding the approval requirements specified in the preceding paragraph, the Declaration requires no vote or consent of the Funds shareholders to authorize a Material Transaction if the transaction is approved by a vote of both a majority of the Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees (as defined below), so long as all other conditions and requirements, if any, provided for in the Funds Bylaws and applicable law (including any shareholder voting rights under the 1940 Act) have been satisfied.
In addition, the Declaration provides that the Fund may be terminated at any time by vote or consent of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Funds shares entitled to vote or, alternatively, by vote or consent of both a majority of the Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees (as defined below) upon written notice to shareholders of the Fund.
In certain circumstances, the Declaration also imposes shareholder voting requirements that are more demanding than those required under the 1940 Act in order to authorize a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company. See Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund below.
As noted, the voting provisions described above could have the effect of depriving Common Shareholders of an opportunity to sell their Common Shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. In the view of the Funds Board of Trustees, however, these provisions offer several possible advantages, including: (1) requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid for the amount of Common Shares required to obtain control; (2) promoting continuity and stability; and (3) enhancing the Funds ability to pursue long-term strategies that are consistent with its investment objectives and management policies. The Board of Trustees has determined that the voting requirements described above, which are generally greater than the minimum requirements under the 1940 Act, are in the best interests of the Funds Common Shareholders generally.
A Continuing Trustee, as used in the discussion above, is any member of the Funds Board of Trustees who either (i) has been a member of the Board for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Funds operations, if less than thirty-six months) or (ii) was nominated to serve as a member of the Board of Trustees by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board.
The foregoing is intended only as a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Declaration and the Funds Bylaws, both of which have been filed as exhibits to the Funds registration statement on file with the SEC.
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Liability of Trustees
The Declaration provides that the obligations of the Fund are not binding upon the Trustees of the Fund individually, but only upon the assets and property of the Fund, and that the Trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Nothing in the Declaration, however, protects a Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES; CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Funds Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels and stability (which will in turn be affected by dividend and interest payments by the Funds portfolio holdings, regulations affecting the timing and character of Funds distributions, Fund expenses and other factors), portfolio credit quality, liquidity, call protection, market supply and demand, and similar factors relating to the Funds portfolio holdings. Shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than net asset value. The Funds Board will regularly monitor the relationship between the market price and net asset value of the Common Shares. If the Common Shares were to trade at a substantial discount to net asset value for an extended period of time, the Board may consider the repurchase of its Common Shares on the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. The Fund cannot assure you that the Board will decide to take or propose any of these actions, or that share repurchases or tender offers will actually reduce any market discount. The Fund has no present intention to repurchase its Common Shares and would do so only in the circumstances described in this section.
Subject to its investment limitations, the Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Fund in anticipation of share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Funds net income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board of Trustees would have to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The Funds Board of Trustees may also from time to time consider submitting to the holders of the shares of beneficial interest of the Fund a proposal to convert the Fund to an open-end investment company. In determining whether to exercise its sole discretion to submit this issue to shareholders, the Board of Trustees would consider all factors then relevant, including the relationship of the market price of the Common Shares to net asset value and the extent to which the Funds capital structure is leveraged.
The Declaration requires the affirmative vote or consent of holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of each class of the Funds shares entitled to vote on the matter to authorize a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, unless the conversion is authorized by both a majority of the Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees (as defined above under Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of TrustAnti-Takeover Provisions). This seventy-five percent (75%) shareholder approval requirement is higher than is required under the 1940 Act. In the event that a conversion is approved by the Trustees
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and the Continuing Trustees as described above, the minimum shareholder vote required under the 1940 Act would be necessary to authorize the conversion. Currently, the 1940 Act would require approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and, if issued, preferred shares voting together as a single class, and the holders of a majority of the outstanding preferred shares (if issued), voting as a separate class, in order to authorize a conversion.
If the Fund were to convert to an open-end company, the Common Shares likely would no longer be listed on the NYSE. In contrast to a closed-end investment company, shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their net asset value, less any redemption charge that is in effect at the time of redemption. In addition, if the Fund were to convert to an open-end company, it would likely have to significantly reduce any leverage it is then employing and would not be able to invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, either or both of which may necessitate a substantial repositioning of the Funds investment portfolio, which may in turn generate substantial transaction costs, which would be borne by Common Shareholders, and may adversely affect Fund performance and Fund dividends. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares on any business day (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their net asset value, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares. Open-end companies are thus subject to periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate portfolio management.
The repurchase by the Fund of its shares at prices below net asset value will result in an increase in the net asset value of those shares that remain outstanding. However, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tenders at or below net asset value will result in the Funds shares trading at a price equal to their net asset value. Nevertheless, the fact that the Funds shares may be the subject of repurchase or tender offers at net asset value from time to time, or that the Fund may be converted to an open-end company, may reduce any spread between market price and net asset value that might otherwise exist.
In addition, a purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares will decrease the Funds total assets. This would likely have the effect of increasing the Funds expense ratio. Any purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares at a time when preferred shares, reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps or other forms of leverage are outstanding will increase the leverage applicable to the outstanding Common Shares then remaining. See the Prospectus under Principal Risks of the FundLeverage Risk.
Before deciding whether to take any action if the Funds Common Shares trade below net asset value, the Board of Trustees would consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Funds portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Funds shares should trade at a discount, the Board of Trustees may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken.
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The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of investment in Common Shares of the Fund is based on the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in Common Shares of the Fund. This summary does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to an investment in Common Shares of the Fund. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders. For example, except as otherwise specifically noted herein, we have not described certain tax considerations that may be relevant to certain types of holders subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, including shareholders subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, pension plans and trusts, regulated investment companies, dealers in securities, shareholders holding Common Shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts), financial institutions, shareholders holding Common Shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, and persons who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States. This summary assumes that investors hold Common Shares as capital assets (within the meaning of the Code). Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other tax laws, and any proposed tax law changes.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has elected and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year.
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In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Code section 7704(c)(2). In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Funds ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
The Fund may invest in one or more Subsidiaries that are treated as disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the case of a Subsidiary that is so treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) the Fund is treated as owning the Subsidiarys assets directly; (ii) any income, gain, loss, deduction or other tax items arising in respect of the Subsidiarys assets will be treated as if they are realized or incurred, as applicable, directly by the Fund; and (iii) distributions, if any, the Fund receives from the Subsidiary will have no effect on the Funds U.S. federal income tax liability.
If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to Common Shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If the Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification, or distribution tests described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or were otherwise to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment for such year, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to Common Shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, that the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Funds Common Shares (as described below). In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
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The Fund intends to distribute to its shareholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction), its net tax-exempt income (if any) and its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any taxable income including any net capital gain retained by the Fund will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates. In the case of net capital gain, the Fund is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a timely notice to its shareholders who would then, in turn, (i) be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their share of such undistributed amount, and (ii) be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Fund makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of Common Shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
As described under Distributions in the Prospectus, if at any time when preferred shares are outstanding the Fund does not meet applicable asset coverage requirements, it will be required to suspend distributions to Common Shareholders until the requisite asset coverage is restored. Any such suspension may cause the Fund to pay a U.S. federal income and excise tax on undistributed income or gains and may, in certain circumstances, prevent the Fund from qualifying for treatment as a regulated investment company. The Fund may repurchase or otherwise retire preferred shares in an effort to comply with the distribution requirement applicable to regulated investment companies.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against the Funds net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains. If the Fund incurs or has incurred net capital losses, , those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration. Any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. The Funds available capital loss carryforwards, if any, will be set forth in its annual shareholder report for each fiscal year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income and its earnings and profits, a regulated investment company generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
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If the Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income recognized for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year (or November 30 or December 31 of that year if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects), plus any such amounts retained from the prior year, the Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a regulated investment companys ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 (or November 30 of that year if the regulated investment company makes the election described above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a regulated investment company with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. Also, for these purposes, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to or will do so.
Fund Distributions
The Fund intends to make monthly distributions. Unless a shareholder elects otherwise, all distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares of the Fund pursuant to the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (see Dividend Reinvestment Plan in the Prospectus). A shareholder whose distributions are reinvested in Common Shares under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received an amount in distribution equal to either (i) if newly issued Common Shares are issued under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, generally the fair market value of the newly issued Common Shares issued to the shareholder or (ii) if reinvestment is made through open-market purchases under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, the amount of cash allocated to the shareholder for the purchase of Common Shares on its behalf in the open market. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all distributions are generally taxable in the manner described below, whether a shareholder takes them in cash or they are reinvested pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan in additional shares of the Fund.
Fund distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received. See the discussion below regarding distributions declared in October, November or December for further information. Distributions received by tax-exempt shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent permitted under applicable tax law.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated the gains, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Common Shares. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Tax rules can alter the Funds holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss in respect of such investments. Distributions of net capital gain that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates relative to ordinary income. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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Distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.
In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations only to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year if certain holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund, will not constitute qualified dividend income to non-corporate shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
The IRS currently requires a regulated investment company that the IRS recognizes as having two or more classes of stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes to allocate to each such class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income and capital gains) based upon the percentage of total dividends distributed to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, as applicable, the Fund intends each tax year to allocate Capital Gain Dividends between and among its Common Shares and each series of its preferred shares in proportion to the total dividends paid to each class with respect to such tax year. Dividends qualifying for the dividends received deduction or as qualified dividend income will be allocated between and among Common Shares and each series of preferred shares separately from dividends that do not so qualify, in each case in proportion to the total dividends paid to each share class for the Funds tax year.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Fund of net investment income and capital gains as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Fund shares. Common Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
If, in and with respect to any taxable year, the Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholders tax basis in his or her Common Shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholders basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares. Where one or more such distributions occur in and with respect to any taxable year of the Fund, the available earnings and profits will be allocated first to the distributions made to the
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holders of preferred shares, and only thereafter to distributions made to holders of Common Shares. As a result, the holders of preferred shares will receive a disproportionate share of the distributions, if any, treated as dividends, and the holders of the Common Shares will receive a disproportionate share of the distributions, if any, treated as a return of capital.
A distribution by the Fund will be treated as paid on December 31 of any calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year. Such distributions will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received.
As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to shareholders early in the succeeding year.
Dividends and distributions on Common Shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholders investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of Common Shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects unrealized gains or income or gains that are realized but not yet distributed. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
If the Fund holds, directly or indirectly, one or more tax credit bonds issued prior to 2018, such as Build America Bonds issued before January 1, 2011 on one or more applicable dates during a taxable year, it is possible that the Fund will elect to permit its shareholders to claim a tax credit on their income tax returns equal to each shareholders proportionate share of tax credits from the applicable bonds that otherwise would be allowed to the Fund. In such a case, a shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution of money with respect to its Fund shares equal to the shareholders proportionate share of the amount of such credits and be allowed a credit against the shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability equal to the amount of such deemed distribution, subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code on the credits involved. Even if the Fund is eligible to pass through tax credits to shareholders, the Fund may choose not to do so.
Sales, Exchanges or Repurchases of Shares
The sale, exchange or repurchase of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, such gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less (i) will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares and (ii) generally will be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder with respect to the shares.
All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed under the Codes wash sale rule if other substantially identical shares of the Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
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In the event that the Fund repurchases a shareholders Common Shares (as described in the Prospectus), such repurchase generally will be treated as a sale or exchange of the shares by a shareholder provided that (i) the shareholder tenders, and the Fund repurchases, all of such shareholders shares (and such shareholder does not hold and is not deemed to hold any preferred shares), thereby reducing the shareholders percentage ownership of the Fund, whether directly or by attribution under Section 318 of the Code, to 0%, (ii) the shareholder meets numerical safe harbors under the Code with respect to percentage voting interest and reduction in ownership of the Fund following completion of the tender offer, or (iii) the tender offer otherwise results in a meaningful reduction of the shareholders ownership percentage interest in the Fund, which determination depends on a particular shareholders facts and circumstances.
If a tendering shareholders proportionate ownership of the Fund (determined after applying the ownership attribution rules under Section 318 of the Code) is not reduced to the extent required under the tests described above, such shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution from the Fund under Section 301 of the Code with respect to the shares held (or deemed held under Section 318 of the Code) by the shareholder after the tender offer (a Section 301 distribution). The amount of this distribution will equal the price paid by the Fund to such shareholder for the shares sold, and will be taxable as a dividend, i.e., as ordinary income, to the extent of the Funds current or accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such distribution, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholders tax basis in the shares held after the tender offer, and thereafter as capital gain. In the event a repurchase is treated as a Section 301 distribution, any Fund shares held by a shareholder thereafter will be subject to basis adjustments in accordance with the provisions of the Code.
Provided that no tendering shareholder is treated as receiving a Section 301 distribution as a result of selling Common Shares pursuant to a particular tender offer, shareholders who do not sell shares pursuant to that tender offer will not realize constructive distributions on their shares as a result of other shareholders selling shares in the tender offer. In the event that any tendering shareholder is deemed to receive a Section 301 distribution, it is possible that shareholders whose proportionate ownership of the Fund increases as a result of that tender offer, including shareholders who do not tender any shares, will be deemed to receive a constructive distribution under Section 305(c) of the Code in an amount equal to the increase in their percentage ownership of the Fund as a result of the tender offer. Such constructive distribution will be treated as a dividend to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits allocable to it.
Use of the Funds cash to repurchase shares may adversely affect the Funds ability to satisfy the distribution requirements for treatment as a regulated investment company described above. The Fund may also recognize income in connection with the sale of portfolio securities to fund share purchases, in which case the Fund would take any such income into account in determining whether such distribution requirements have been satisfied.
If the Fund were to repurchase Common Shares on the open market, such repurchase would similarly result in a percentage increase in the interests of remaining shareholders. In such a case, a selling shareholder would likely have no specific knowledge that he or she is selling his or her shares to the Fund. It is therefore less likely that shareholders whose percentage share interests in the Fund increase as a result of any such open-market sale will be treated as having received a taxable distribution from the Fund.
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The foregoing discussion does not address the tax treatment of tendering shareholders who do not hold their shares as a capital asset. Such shareholders should consult their own tax advisors on the specific tax consequences to them of participating or not participating in the tender offer.
Original Issue Discount, Payment-in-Kind Securities, Market Discount, Preferred Securities, and Commodity-Linked Notes
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (OID) is treated as interest income and is included in the Funds income and required to be distributed over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. Increases in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will generally be treated as OID.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase price of such obligation. Subject to the discussion below regarding Section 451 of the Code, (i) generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt obligation, (ii) alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount on such debt obligations in the Funds income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligations, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligations and (iii) the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Funds income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects. Although the application of Section 451 to the accrual of market discount is currently unclear, the Treasury and IRS have announced that they intend to issue proposed regulations providing that Section 451 does not apply to market discount. If Section 451 were to apply to the accrual of market discount, the Fund would be required to include in income any market discount as it takes the same into account on its financial statements. The Fund reserves the right to revoke such an election at any time pursuant to applicable IRS procedures. In the case of higher-risk securities, the amount of market discount may be unclear. See Higher-Risk Securities.
From time to time, a substantial portion of the Funds investments in loans and other debt obligations could be treated as having OID and/or market discount, which, in some cases could be significant. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold.
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A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). The Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. The rate at which OID or acquisition discount accrues, and thus is included in the Funds income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.
Some preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer the payment of distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer.
If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring the payment of its distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of any such deferred distributions even though the Fund has not yet actually received the cash distribution.
In addition, pay-in-kind obligations will, and commodity-linked notes may, give rise to income that is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of obligations, or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by disposition of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such dispositions, including short-term capital gains taxable as ordinary income. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they might otherwise receive in the absence of such transactions.
Higher-Risk Securities
The Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether or to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to federal income or excise tax.
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Securities Purchased at a Premium
Very generally, where the Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturityi.e., at a premiumthe premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds , the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax-exempt bond, tax rules require the Fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.
Catastrophe Bonds
The proper tax treatment of income or loss realized by the retirement or sale of certain catastrophe bonds is unclear. The Fund will report such income or loss as capital or ordinary income or loss in a manner consistent with any IRS position on the subject following the publication of such a position.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
Equity investments by the Fund in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the PFIC. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a qualified electing fund (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the companys income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company. The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings to the market as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to sell other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, the Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
Municipal Bonds
The interest on municipal bonds is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax. The Fund does not expect to invest 50% or more of its assets in municipal bonds on which the interest is exempt from U.S. federal income tax, or in interests in other regulated investment companies. As a result, it does not expect to be eligible to pay exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders under the applicable tax rules. As a result, interest on municipal bonds is taxable to shareholders of the Fund when received as a distribution from the Fund. In addition, gains realized by the Fund on the sale or exchange of municipal bonds are taxable to shareholders of the Fund when distributed to shareholders.
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Certain Investments in REITs
Any investment by the Fund in equity securities of REITs may result in the Funds receipt of cash in excess of the REITs earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in REIT equity securities also may require the Fund to accrue and to distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Pursuant to proposed regulations on which the Fund may rely, distributions by the Fund to its shareholders that the Fund properly reports as section 199A dividends, as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. Non-corporate shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a section 199A dividend is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a regulated investment company (RIC) from REITs, to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.
Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts, Swap Agreements, and other Derivatives
In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g. through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Funds basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund will generally subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the stock purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the Funds obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term capital gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term capital gain equal to the premium received.
The Funds options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are covered by the Funds long position in the subject security.
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Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to substantially similar or related property to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not deep in the money may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends received deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Fund, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
Derivatives, Hedging, and Other Transactions
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, the Funds transactions in other derivatives instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds securities, thereby affecting, among other things, whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could, therefore, affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.
Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.
Commodities and Commodity-Linked Instruments
The Funds investments in commodities and commodity-linked instruments, if any, will potentially be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a regulated investment company, and will potentially
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limit the Funds ability to so qualify. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity-linked instruments do not constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. In addition, the tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company. If the Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income, and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Funds nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level.
Book-Tax Differences
Certain of the Funds investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Funds transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and the Funds book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid an entity-level tax. In the alternative, if the Funds book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds remaining earnings and profits, (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in its shares and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Short Sales
If the Fund participates in a short sale and, on the date of such short sale, the Fund either (i) does not hold securities substantially identical to those sold short or (ii) has held such substantially identical securities for one year or less, the character of gain or loss realized on such a short sale generally will be short-term. If the Fund participates in a short sale and, on the date of such short sale, the Fund has held substantially identical securities for more than one year, the character of gain realized on such short sale will be determined by reference to the Funds holding period in the property actually used to close the short sale; the character of loss realized on such short sale generally will be long term, regardless of the holding period of the securities actually used to close such short sale. Because net short-term capital gain (after reduction by any long-term capital loss) is generally taxed at ordinary income rates, the Funds short sale transactions can increase the percentage of the Funds gains that are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Mortgage-Related Securities
The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury Regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Funds income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion will be subject to U.S. federal income
139
tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts, as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return, to file such a tax return and pay tax on such income and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.
Non-U.S. Taxation
Income, proceeds and gains received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries, which will reduce the return on those investments. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes.
If, at the close of its taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the Funds total assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, including for this purpose foreign governments, the Fund will be permitted to make an election under the Code that will allow shareholders a deduction or credit for foreign taxes paid by the Fund. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholders ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of such foreign taxes is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholders not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. If the Fund does not qualify for or chooses not to make such an election, shareholders will not be entitled separately to claim a credit or deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund; in that case the foreign tax will nonetheless reduce the Funds taxable income. Even if the Fund elects to pass through to its shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions, tax-exempt shareholders and those who invest in the Fund through tax-advantaged accounts such as IRAs will not benefit from any such tax credit or deduction.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Income of a regulated investment company that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of the regulated investment company. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in
140
TMPs as described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Funds investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, if a charitable remainder trust (CRT), as defined in Section 664 of the Code, realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax is imposed on such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a regulated investment company that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholders interest in the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
Distributions by the Fund to shareholders that are not United States persons within the meaning of the Code (foreign shareholders) properly reported by the Fund as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, or (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.
In general, the Code defines (1) short-term capital gain dividends as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) interest-related dividends as distributions from U.S. source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund in a written notice to shareholders. The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests as described below. If the Fund invests in a regulated investment company that pays such distributions to the Fund, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Fund to foreign shareholders. The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a United States person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C) that is
141
within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation.
The Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of withholding rules to their accounts.
Distributions by the Fund to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States, (ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) apply to the foreign shareholders sale of shares of the Fund (as described below).
Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Fund is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign shareholder within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Fund and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
Special rules would apply if the Fund were a qualified investment entity (QIE) because it is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporations USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A regulated investment company that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and regulated investment companies that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in regulated investment companies generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether the Fund is a QIE.
142
If an interest in the Fund were a USRPI, the Fund would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder or any foreign shareholder if shares of the Fund are not considered regularly traded on an established securities market, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file a U.S. tax return and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.
If the Fund were a QIE, under a special look-through rule, any distributions by the Fund to a foreign shareholder (including, in certain cases, distributions made by the Fund in redemption of its shares) attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier regulated investment company or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands, or (ii) gains realized by the Fund on the disposition of USRPIs would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Funds foreign shareholders, and would be subject to U.S. withholding tax. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholders current and past ownership of the Fund.
The Fund generally does not expect that it will be a QIE. Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Fund. Foreign shareholders also may be subject to wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and -payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.
In order for a foreign shareholder to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above. A beneficial holder of shares who is a non-U.S. person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal tax on income referred to above.
Backup Withholding
The Fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of taxable distributions and redemption proceeds, if any, paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported
143
dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends).
Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Fund could be required to report annually their financial interest in the Funds foreign financial accounts, if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investors own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
Shares Purchased Through Tax-Qualified Plans
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.
144
PERFORMANCE RELATED AND COMPARATIVE INFORMATION
The Fund may quote certain performance-related information and may compare certain aspects of its portfolio and structure to other substantially similar closed-end funds as categorized by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (Broadridge), Morningstar Inc. or other independent services. Comparison of the Fund to an alternative investment should be made with consideration of differences in features and expected performance. The Fund may obtain data from sources or reporting services, such as Bloomberg Financial and Broadridge, which the Fund believes to be generally accurate.
The Fund, in its advertisements, may refer to pending legislation from time to time and the possible effect of such legislation on investors, investment strategy and related matters. At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.
Past performance is not indicative of future results. At the time Common Shareholders sell their shares, they may be worth more or less than their original investment.
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT, SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT AND
DIVIDEND DISBURSEMENT AGENT
State Street Bank and Trust Company, 801 Pennsylvania Avenue Kansas City, MO 64105, serves as custodian for assets of the Fund. The custodian performs custodial and fund accounting services.
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219 serves as the Funds transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursement agent for the Common Shares, as well as agent for the Dividend Reinvestment Plan relating to the Common Shares.
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as custodian for the Funds Subsidiaries.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), 1100 Walnut Street, Suite 1300, Kansas City, MO 64106 serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. PwC provides audit services, tax assistance and consultation in connection with the review of SEC and IRS filings.
Ropes & Gray LLP, Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199, passes upon certain legal matters in connection with shares offered by the Fund, and also acts as counsel to the Fund.
A Registration Statement on Form N-2, including any amendments thereto (the Registration Statement), relating to the Common Shares of the Fund offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC, Washington, D.C. The Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information are parts of, but do not contain all of the information set forth in, the Registration Statement, including
145
any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the Common Shares offered or to be offered hereby, reference is made to the Funds Registration Statement. Statements contained in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. Copies of all or any part of the Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC.
146
Audited financial statements for the Fund as of June 30, 2019, including the notes thereto, and the reports of PwC thereon, are incorporated herein by reference from the Funds June 30, 2019 annual report.
147
Procedures for Shareholders to Submit Nominee Candidates for the PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds
A Fund shareholder must follow the following procedures in order to properly submit a nominee recommendation for the Committees consideration.
1. |
The shareholder/stockholder must submit any such recommendation (a Shareholder Recommendation) in writing to a Fund, to the attention of the Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Fund. |
2. |
The Shareholder Recommendation must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of a Fund not less than forty-five (45) calendar days nor more than seventy-five (75) calendar days prior to the date of the Board or shareholder meeting at which the nominee would be elected. |
3. |
The Shareholder Recommendation must include: (i) a statement in writing setting forth (A) the name, age, date of birth, business address, residence address and nationality of the person recommended by the shareholder (the candidate); (B) the class and number of all shares of the Fund owned of record or beneficially by the candidate, as reported to such shareholder by the candidate; (C) any other information regarding the candidate called for with respect to director nominees by paragraphs (a), (d), (e) and (f) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K or paragraph (b) of Item 22 of Rule 14a-101 (Schedule 14A) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (or the corresponding provisions of any regulation or rule subsequently adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor agency applicable to the Fund); (D) any other information regarding the candidate that would be required to be disclosed if the candidate were a nominee in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitation of proxies for election of Directors/Trustees or directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (E) whether the recommending shareholder believes that the candidate is or will be an interested person of the Fund (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) and, if not an interested person, information regarding the candidate that will be sufficient for the Fund to make such determination; (ii) the written and signed consent of the candidate to be named as a nominee and to serve as a Director/Trustee if elected; (iii) the recommending shareholders name as it appears on the Funds books; (iv) the class and number of all shares of the Fund owned beneficially and of record by the recommending shareholder; and (v) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the recommending shareholder and the candidate and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made by the recommending shareholder. In addition, the Committee may require the candidate to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require or deem necessary to determine the eligibility of such candidate to serve on the Board. |
CEF001SAI_120319
A-1
PART COTHER INFORMATION
Item 25: |
Financial Statements and Exhibits |
1. |
Financial Statements: |
Included in Part A:
Financial highlights for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, the period ended June 30, 2015 and the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
Incorporated into Part B by reference to Registrants most recent Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR, filed August 28, 2019 (File No. 811-22758):
Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of June 30, 2019
Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of June 30, 2019
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated August 23, 2019
2. |
Exhibits: |
a.1 |
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 12, 2012.(1) |
a.2 |
Notice of Change of Trustee and Principal Address dated September 5, 2014.* |
a.3 |
Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated June 29, 2016.* |
a.4 |
Notice of Change of Trustees dated January 16, 2019.* |
b.1 |
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant dated December 12, 2012.(1) |
b.2 |
Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant dated June 21, 2016.* |
c. |
None. |
d.1 |
Article III (Shares) and Article V (Shareholders Voting Powers and Meetings) of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.(1) |
d.2 |
Article 10 (Shareholders Voting Powers and Meetings) of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant.(1) |
d.3 |
Form of Share Certificate of the Common Shares.(1) |
e. |
Terms and Conditions of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan.* |
f. |
None. |
g.1 |
Investment Management Agreement between Registrant and Allianz Global Investors Fund Management LLC dated September 5, 2014.(1) |
g.2 |
Investment Management Agreement between Registrant and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC dated September 5, 2014.(1) |
g.3 |
Investment Management Agreement between PCILS I LLC and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC dated May 8, 2018.* |
h. |
Form of Sales Agreement between Registrant and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC.** |
i. |
None. |
j. |
Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank & Trust Company.(1) |
k.1 |
Certificate of Appointment of American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Transfer Agent and Registrar.(1) |
k.2 |
Regulations of American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC.(1) |
k.3 |
Organizational and Offering Expenses Reimbursement Agreement between Registrant and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC.(1) |
k.4 |
Support Services Agreement between Registrant and Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC.(1) |
k.5 |
Support Services Agreement between Registrant and PIMCO Investments LLC.(1) |
l. |
Opinion and consent of Ropes & Gray LLP.* |
m. |
None. |
n. |
Consent of Registrants Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.* |
o. |
None. |
p. |
Subscription Agreement.(1) |
q. |
None. |
r.1 |
Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of Registrant.* |
r.2 |
Code of Ethics of Pacific Investment Management Company LLC.* |
r.3 |
Code of Ethics Pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Principal Executive and Senior Financial Officers.* |
s.1 |
Powers of Attorney for Sarah Cogan, Deborah A. DeCotis, David Fisher, Bradford K. Gallagher, James A. Jacobson, Hans W. Kertess, John C. Maney, William B. Ogden, IV and Alan Rappaport. (2) |
s.2 |
Power of Attorney for Eric D. Johnson.(2) |
s.3 |
Power of Attorney for Bradley Todd.(2) |
z.1 |
Form of Prospectus Supplement for at the market offering.* |
(1) |
Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2, Registration Nos. 333-184290 and 811-22758 (filed on January 25, 2013). |
(2) |
Incorporated by reference to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2, Registration Nos. 333-232285 and 811-22758 (filed on June 24, 2019). |
* |
Filed herewith. |
** |
To be filed by amendment. |
Item 26: |
Marketing Arrangements |
Reference is made to the form of sales agreement for the Registrants common shares to be filed in a post-effective amendment to the Registrants Registration Statement and the section entitled Plan of Distribution contained in Registrants Prospectus, filed herewith as Part A of the Registrants Registration Statement.
Item 27: |
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution |
Securities and Exchange Commission Fees |
$ | 129,800 | ||
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Fees |
$ | 150,500 | ||
Printing and Engraving Expenses |
$ | 40,000 | ||
Legal Fees |
$ | 60,000 | ||
New York Stock Exchange Fees |
$ | 210,000 | ||
Accounting Expenses |
$ | 40,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 630,300 |
Item 28: |
Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant |
Registrant owns 100% of the following consolidated subsidiary: PCILS I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Item 29: |
Number of Holders of Securities |
At October 31, 2019:
Title of Class |
Number of Record Holders |
|||
Common Shares, par value $0.00001 |
111 |
Item 30: |
Indemnification |
Reference is made to Article VIII, Sections 1 through 4, of the Registrants Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which is incorporated by reference herein.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, its Amended and Restated Bylaws or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, officers or controlling persons in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31: |
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser |
Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of PIMCO, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by PIMCO pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-48187).
Item 32: |
Location of Accounts and Records |
The account books and other documents required to be maintained by the Registrant pursuant to Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019, State Street Bank and Trust Company, 801 Pennsylvania Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri 64105, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, and Allianz Global Investors Fund Management LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
Item 33: |
Management Services |
Not applicable.
Item 34: |
Undertakings |
1. |
Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its Common Shares until it amends the prospectus filed herewith if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than 10 percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus. |
2. |
Not applicable. |
3. |
Not applicable. |
4. |
The Registrant undertakes: |
(a) |
to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: |
(1) |
to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
(2) |
to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; and |
(3) |
to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement. |
(b) |
that for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; |
(c) |
to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering; and |
(d) |
that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or (e) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
(e) |
that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities: |
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
(1) |
any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act. |
(2) |
the portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and |
(3) |
any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser. |
5. |
The Registrant undertakes that: |
a. |
For purposes of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the 1933 Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and |
b. |
For the purpose of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
6. |
The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information. |
NOTICE
A copy of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the Fund), together with all amendments thereto, is on file with the Secretary of State of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the
Fund by any officer of the Fund as an officer and not individually and that the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees of the Fund or shareholders of the Fund individually, but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Washington in the District of Columbia on the 3rd day of December, 2019.
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT AND MORTGAGE INCOME FUND | ||
By: | Eric D. Johnson* | |
Name: | Eric D. Johnson | |
Title: | President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Name | Capacity | Date | ||||
Eric D. Johnson* | President (Principal Executive Officer) | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Eric D. Johnson | ||||||
Bradley Todd* | Treasurer (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer) | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Bradley Todd | ||||||
Sarah Cogan* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Sarah Cogan | ||||||
Deborah A. DeCotis* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Deborah A. DeCotis | ||||||
David Fisher* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
David Fisher | ||||||
Bradford K. Gallagher* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Bradford K. Gallagher | ||||||
James A. Jacobson* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
James A. Jacobson | ||||||
Hans W. Kertess* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Hans W. Kertess | ||||||
John C. Maney* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
John C. Maney |
William B. Ogden, IV* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
William B. Ogden, IV | ||||||
Alan Rappaport* | Trustee | December 3, 2019 | ||||
Alan Rappaport |
*By: | /s/ Adam T. Teufel | |
Adam T. Teufel as attorney-in-fact |
*Pursuant to power of attorney filed on June 24, 2019 with the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2, Registration Nos. 333-232285 and 811-22758.
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit | Exhibit Name | |
(a)(2) | Notice of Change of Trustee and Principal Address dated September 5, 2014. | |
(a)(3) | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated June 29, 2016. | |
(a)(4) | Notice of Change of Trustees dated January 16, 2019. | |
(b)(2) | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant dated June 21, 2016. | |
(e) | Terms and Conditions of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. | |
(g)(3) | Investment Management Agreement between PCILS I LLC and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC dated May 8, 2018. | |
(l) | Opinion and consent of Ropes & Gray LLP. | |
(n) | Consent of Registrants Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
(r)(1) | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of Registrant. | |
(r)(2) | Code of Ethics of Pacific Investment Management Company LLC. | |
(r)(3) | Code of Ethics Pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Principal Executive and Senior Financial Officers. | |
(z)(1) | Form of Prospectus Supplement for at the market offering. |
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT INCOME FUND
NOTICE OF CHANGE OF TRUSTEE AND PRINCIPAL ADDRESS
WHEREAS, PIMCO Dynamic Credit Income Fund (the Trust) is organized as a trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts;
WHEREAS, the Board nominated and appointed Craig A. Dawson as a Trustee of the Trust, effective at the close of business on September 5, 2014; and
WHEREAS, effective at the close of business on September 5, 2014, the principal address of the Trust has changed to c/o Pacific Investment Management Company, LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019;
NOW, THEREFORE, as a result of the foregoing Trustee nomination and appointment, the eight (8) Trustees of the Trust are:
Craig A. Dawson |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Deborah A. DeCotis |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Bradford K. Gallagher |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
James A. Jacobson |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Hans W. Kertess |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
John C. Maney |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
William B. Ogden, IV |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Alan Rappaport |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
In addition, as a result of the foregoing change of address, the principal address of the Trust is c/o Pacific Investment Management Company, LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Notice has been subscribed this 5th day of September, 2014, by the undersigned who affirms that the statements made herein are true under the penalties of perjury.
/s/ Ryan Leshaw
Ryan Leshaw, Assistant Secretary
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT INCOME FUND
AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO
THE AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
The undersigned, being at least a majority of the Trustees of PIMCO Dynamic Credit Income Fund (the Trust), hereby amend the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the Declaration of Trust), a copy of which is on file in the office of the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as follows:
1. |
The first sentence of Section 1 of Article I of the Declaration of Trust is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows: |
Name. This Trust shall be known as PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name as they may from time to time determine.
The foregoing amendment shall be effective as of the close of business on the 29th day of July, 2016.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Amendment to the Declaration of the Trust as of the 21st day of June, 2016.
|
|
|||
Bradford K. Gallagher | James A. Jacobson | |||
|
|
|||
Hans W. Kertess | John C. Maney | |||
|
|
|||
William B. Ogden, IV | Alan Rappaport | |||
|
|
|||
Deborah A. DeCotis | Craig A. Dawson |
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT AND MORTGAGE INCOME FUND
NOTICE OF CHANGE OF TRUSTEES
WHEREAS, PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the Trust) is organized as a trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts;
WHEREAS, Craig A. Dawson resigned as a Trustee of the Trust, effective January 1, 2019; and
WHEREAS, the Board nominated and appointed Sarah E. Cogan as a Trustee of the Trust, effective January 1, 2019; and
WHEREAS, the Board nominated and appointed David N. Fisher as a Trustee of the Trust, effective January 1, 2019;
NOW, THEREFORE, as a result of the foregoing Trustee resignation and nominations and appointments, the nine (9) Trustees of the Trust are:
Sarah E. Cogan |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Deborah A. DeCotis |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
David N. Fisher |
650 Newport Center Drive Newport Beach, CA 92660 |
|||
Bradford K. Gallagher |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
James A. Jacobson |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Hans W. Kertess |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
John C. Maney |
650 Newport Center Drive Newport Beach, CA 92660 |
|||
William B. Ogden, IV |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
|||
Alan Rappaport |
1633 Broadway New York, New York 10019 |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Notice has been subscribed this 16th day of January, 2019, by the undersigned who affirms that the statements made herein are true under the penalties of perjury.
/s/ Wu-Kwan Kit
Wu-Kwan Kit, Secretary
Signature Page PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
Column A - CEF Organizational Documents
Written Consent - PHK and PCI - Amendment to PCI Bylaws
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT INCOME FUND
AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO
THE AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
The undersigned, being at least a majority of the Trustees of PIMCO Dynamic Credit Income Fund (the Fund), hereby amend the Funds Amended and Restated Bylaws (the Bylaws) as follows:
1. |
The Bylaws are hereby amended to reflect the change in name of the Fund to PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund. |
The foregoing amendment shall be effective as of the close of business on the 29th day of July, 2016.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Amendment to the Bylaws of the Fund as of the 21st day of June, 2016.
Bradford K. Gallagher | James A. Jacobson | |||
Hans W. Kertess | John C. Maney | |||
William B. Ogden, IV | Alan Rappaport | |||
Deborah A. DeCotis | Craig A. Dawson |
11
1127
PIMCO-SPONSORED CLOSED-END FUNDS
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
Holders of common shares of beneficial interest (the Common Shares) of each of the PIMCO-sponsored closed-end investment companies listed on Appendix A hereto, as it may be amended from time to time (each a Fund), whose Common Shares are registered with the Agent (as defined below) (the Registered Common Shareholders or Shareholders), will automatically be enrolled (those so enrolled, the Participants) in the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan) and are advised as follows with respect to each such Fund:
1. THE PLAN AGENT. American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the Agent) will act as Agent for each Participant. The Agent will open an account for each Participant under the Plan with respect to the Fund in the same name in which his or her outstanding Common Shares of the Fund are registered with the Agent.
2. AUTOMATIC REINVESTMENT FOR PARTICIPANTS / CASH OPTION ELECTION. On behalf of each Participant, the Agent will automatically reinvest each Funds distributions of income, capital gains and returns of capital (together, Distributions) in Common Shares as described herein as of the first record date for a Distribution by the Fund to shareholders following the date on which the Participant becomes a shareholder of record of the Fund. In accordance with the foregoing, each Registered Common Shareholder will have all Distributions on his or her Common Shares automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares, unless such Shareholder elects to not be a Participant in the Plan and to receive such Distributions in cash. Registered Common Shareholders who wish to receive Distributions in cash, whether following his or her initial purchase of Common Shares or after having been a Participant in the Plan for some period, should so notify the Agent online at www.amstock.com, by calling (844) 33PIMCO (844-337-4626), by writing to the Agent at P.O. Box 922, Wall Street Station, New York, NY 10269-0560, or, as applicable, by completing and returning the transaction form attached to each Plan statement, as specified and in accordance with Section 13 hereof.
3. MARKET PREMIUM ISSUANCES. With respect to each Participant, if on the payment date for a Distribution, the net asset value per Common Share of the Fund is equal to or less than the market price per Common Share plus estimated brokerage commissions, the Agent shall cause the Distribution to be invested by receiving newly issued Common Shares (Additional Common Shares), including fractions, from the Fund for each Participants account. The number of Additional Common Shares to be credited shall be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the Distribution by the greater of (i) the net asset value per Common Share on the payment date, or (ii) 95% of the market price per Common Share on the payment date.
4. MARKET DISCOUNT PURCHASES. With respect to each Participant, and except as provided below, if the net asset value per Common Share of the Fund exceeds the market price per Common Share plus estimated brokerage commissions on the payment date for a Distribution, the Agent (or a broker-dealer selected by the Agent) shall endeavor to apply the amount of such Distribution on such Participants Common Shares to purchase Common Shares of the Fund on the open market. Such market purchases will commence on or shortly after the payment date for such Distribution and the Agent shall complete such purchases not more than thirty (30) calendar days after such Distribution payment date, except where temporary curtailment or suspension of purchase is necessary to comply with applicable provisions of federal securities laws. If the Agent is unable to invest the full amount of a Distribution through open market purchases pursuant to this Section 4, or, if before the Agent has completed the open market purchases, the market price per Common Share of the Fund plus estimated brokerage commissions exceeds the net asset value per Common Share as of the last business day immediately prior to the purchase date (the prior business day), the Agent shall cause the remainder of the Distribution to be invested by receiving Additional Common Shares, including fractions, from the Fund for each Participants account, the number of which shall be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the remainder (i.e., the uninvested portion) of the Distribution by the greater of (i) the net asset value per Common Share on the prior business day, or (ii) 95% of the market price per Common Share on the prior business day (which, in either case, may be a price greater or lesser than the net asset value per Common Share on the payment date for the applicable Distribution). Participants should note that they will not be able to instruct the Agent to purchase Common Shares at a specific time or at a specific price. Open-market purchases may be made on any securities exchange where Common Shares are traded, in the over-the-counter market or in negotiated transactions, and may be on such terms as to price, delivery and otherwise as the Agent shall determine.
The Agent may commingle all Participants amounts to be used for open market purchases of the Funds Common Shares. The weighted average price (including brokerage commissions) of all Common Shares purchased on the open market by the Agent as Agent and/or issued by the Fund pursuant to Section 3 shall be the price per Common Share allocable to each Participant.
5. VALUATION. The market price of Common Shares of a Fund on a particular date shall be the last sales price on the securities exchange where the Common Shares are listed on that date (the Exchange), or, if there is no sale on such Exchange on that date, then the mean between the closing bid and asked quotations on such Exchange on such date will be used. The net asset value per Common Share on a particular date shall be the amount calculated on that date (or if not calculated on such date, the amount most recently calculated) by or on behalf of the Fund in accordance with the Funds current policies.
6. SAFEKEEPING. In order to protect against loss, theft or destruction, if Participants hold Common Shares registered in their own names in certificate form, Participants may deposit such Common Shares into their Plan accounts. Certificates, along with a letter of instruction, should be sent to the Agent by registered mail, insured for 2% of their market value. Participants should not endorse their certificates. There are no fees for this service.
7. TAXATION. The automatic reinvestment of Distributions does not relieve Participants of any taxes which may be payable on Distributions. Participants will receive tax information annually for their personal records and to help them prepare their federal income tax return. For further information as to tax consequences of participation in the Plan, Participants should consult with their own tax advisors.
8. LIABILITY OF AGENT. The Agent shall at all times act in good faith and agrees to use its best efforts within reasonable limits to ensure the accuracy of all services performed under these terms and conditions and to comply with applicable law, but assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable for loss or damage due to errors unless such error is caused by the Agents negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct or that of its employees. Each Participants uninvested funds held by the Agent will not bear interest. The Agent shall have no liability in connection with any inability to purchase or sell Common Shares within the time period specified herein, or with the timing of any purchases or sales effected. The Agent shall have no responsibility for the value of Common Shares acquired. The Agent may commingle Participants funds.
9. RECORDKEEPING. The Agent may hold each Participants Common Shares acquired pursuant to the Plan together with the Common Shares of other Registered Common Shareholders of the Fund acquired pursuant to the Plan in non-certificated form in the Agents name or that of the Agents nominee. Distributions on fractional shares will be credited to each Participants account. Each Participant will be sent a confirmation by the Agent of each acquisition made for his or her account as soon as practicable, but in no event later than sixty (60) calendar days, after the date thereof. For Funds that issue share certificates, upon a Participants request, the Agent will deliver to the Participant, without charge, a certificate or certificates for the full Common Shares. Although each Participant may from time to time have an undivided fractional interest (computed to three decimal places) in a Common Share of the Fund, no certificates for a fractional share will be issued. For Funds that issue share certificates, Participants may request a certificate online at www.amstock.com, by calling the Agent at (844) 33PIMCO (844-337-4626), by writing to the Agent at P.O. Box 922, Wall Street Station, New York, NY 10269-0560, or by completing and returning the transaction form attached to each Plan statement. The Agent will issue certificates as soon as possible but in no event more than five (5) business days after receipt of a Participants request. Similarly, Participants may request to sell a portion of the Common Shares held by the Agent in their Plan accounts online, by calling the Agent, by writing to the Agent, or by completing and returning the transaction form attached to each Plan statement as specified above. The Agent will sell such Common Shares through a broker-dealer selected by the Agent within five (5) business days of receipt of the request assuming the relevant markets are open and sufficient market liquidity exists (and except where deferral of the sale is required under applicable federal or state laws or regulations). The sale price, which will not be determined until such time as the broker-dealer completes the sale, will equal the weighted average price of all Common Shares sold through the Plan on the day of the sale, less a transaction fee and brokerage commissions. Participants should note that the Agent is unable to accept instructions to sell on a specific date or at a specific price. As an alternative to selling Common Shares through the Agent, a Participant may request that the Agent electronically transfer his or her Common Shares to his or her brokerage account in applicable circumstances. Any share dividends or split shares distributed by the Fund on Common Shares held by the Agent for Participants will be credited to their accounts. In the event that the Fund makes available to its Common Shareholders rights to purchase additional Common Shares, the Common Shares held for each Participant under the Plan will be added to other Common Shares held by the Participant in calculating the number of rights to be issued to each Participant.
-2-
10. PROXY MATERIALS. The Agent will forward to each Participant any proxy solicitation material it receives with respect to the Common Shares in the Participants Plan account. The Agent will vote any Common Shares held for a Participant first in accordance with the instructions set forth on proxies returned by such Participant to the Fund, and then with respect to any proxies not returned by such Participant to the Fund, in the same proportion as the Agent votes the proxies returned by the Participants to the Fund.
11. BROKERS, NOMINEE HOLDERS, ETC. In the case of Registered Common Shareholders such as a broker, bank or other nominee that holds Common Shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified by the nominee/record shareholder as representing the total amount registered in such shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are to participate in the Plan. If a beneficial owners broker, bank or other nominee who is the record shareholder for the beneficial owners Common Shares is not a Registered Common Shareholder (i.e., the Common Shares are not registered with the Agent), neither the nominee nor the beneficial owner will be a Participant under the Plan and have Distributions automatically reinvested by the Agent (although the broker, bank or other nominee may offer other dividend reinvestment programs independent from this Plan). If a beneficial owner of Common Shares wishes to participate in the Plan, but his or her broker, bank or other nominee is unable or unwilling to become a Registered Common Shareholder and a Participant on behalf of the beneficial owner, the beneficial owner may request that the broker, bank or other nominee arrange to have all or a portion of his or her Common Shares re-registered with the Agent in the name of the beneficial owner, such that the beneficial owner becomes a Registered Common Shareholder and, as such, would be enrolled as a Participant in the Plan unless he or she elects otherwise in accordance with the terms hereof. Participants whose Common Shares are registered in the name of one nominee firm may not be able to transfer the Common Shares to another nominee firm and continue to participate in the Plan.
12. FEES. The Agents service fee for handling Distributions will be paid by the Fund. Each Participant will be charged his or her pro rata share of brokerage commissions on all open-market purchases. If a Participant elects to have the Agent sell part or all of his or her Common Shares and remit the proceeds, such Participant will be charged a transaction fee plus his or her pro rata share of brokerage commissions. The Participant will not be charged any other fees for this service.
13. TERMINATION IN THE PLAN / NOTIFICATION OF ELECTION TO RECEIVE CASH DISTRIBUTIONS. Each Registered Common Shareholder may elect to receive Distributions from a Fund in cash and, if a Participant in the Plan, to disenroll from and terminate his or her account under the Plan, by notifying the Agent online at www.amstock.com, in writing at P.O. Box 922, Wall Street Station, New York, NY 10269-0560, by calling the Agent at (844) 33PIMCO (844-337-4626), or by completing and returning the transaction form attached to each Plan statement. Any such written notification must be in proper order and duly executed by the Participant and any notification online or by telephone must be in accordance with such reasonable requirements as the Agent and the Fund may agree. Any such notification will be effective immediately if proper notice is received by the Agent at least three (3) calendar days prior to the record date for the Funds next Distribution, in which case it will apply to such Distribution; otherwise, the Funds next Distribution will be reinvested and the notification will be effective and will apply with respect to the Funds subsequent Distributions thereafter. The Plan may be terminated for a Fund by the Agent or the Fund upon notice in writing mailed to each Participant at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to the effective date of the termination. Upon any termination, the Agent will arrange to deposit all full Common Shares held for each Participant into his or her account, where they will be held in book-entry by the Agent. A cash adjustment will be made for any fraction of a Common Share at the then current market value of the Common Shares to be delivered to him or her without charge. If preferred, a Participant may request the sale of all full and fractional Common Shares held by the Agent in his or her Plan account in order to terminate participation in the Plan in accordance with Section 9 hereof. If a Participant has terminated his or her participation in the Plan but continues to have Common Shares registered in his or her name with the Agent, he or she may re-enroll in the Plan at any time by calling the Agent at (844) 33PIMCO (844-337-4626).
14. AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN. These terms and conditions may be amended by the Agent or the Fund at any time but, except when necessary or appropriate to comply with applicable law or the rules or policies of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory authority, only by mailing to each Participant appropriate written notice at least thirty (30) calendar days prior to the effective date thereof. The amendment shall be deemed to be accepted by each Participant unless, prior to the effective date thereof, the Agent receives notice of the termination of the Participants account under the Plan. Any such amendment may include an appointment by the Agent of a successor Agent, subject to the prior written approval of the successor Agent by the Fund. Upon any such appointment of a successor Agent for the purpose of receiving distributions, the Fund will be authorized to pay to such successor Agent, for each Participants account, all Distributions payable on Common Shares of the Fund held in the Participants name or under the Plan for retention or application by such successor Agent as provided in these terms and conditions.
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15. APPLICABLE LAW. These terms and conditions shall be governed by the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
-4-
Appendix A
PIMCO-Sponsored Closed-End Funds
(As of September 5, 2014)
FUND | TICKER | |
PCM FUND, INC. | PCM | |
PIMCO STRATEGIC INCOME FUND, INC. | RCS | |
PIMCO CORPORATE & INCOME STRATEGY FUND | PCN | |
PIMCO CORPORATE & INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND | PTY | |
PIMCO INCOME STRATEGY INCOME FUND | PFL | |
PIMCO INCOME STRATEGY FUND II | PFN | |
PIMCO GLOBAL STOCKSPLUS® & INCOME FUND | PGP | |
PIMCO HIGH INCOME FUND | PHK | |
PIMCO INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND | PKO | |
PIMCO MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND | PMF | |
PIMCO MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND II | PML | |
PIMCO MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND III | PMX | |
PIMCO CALIFORNIA MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND | PCQ | |
PIMCO CALIFORNIA MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND II | PCK | |
PIMCO CALIFORNIA MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND III | PZC | |
PIMCO NEW YORK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND | PNF | |
PIMCO NEW YORK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND II | PNI | |
PIMCO NEW YORK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND III | PYN | |
PIMCO DYNAMIC INCOME FUND | PDI | |
PIMCO DYNAMIC CREDIT INCOME FUND | PCI |
-5-
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT, made this 8th day of May, 2018, between each Delaware limited liability company listed on Appendix A attached hereto (each a Fund and, together, the Funds), and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO), a Delaware limited liability company. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings specified in the Limited Liability Company Agreement of each Fund (as amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the LLC Agreement).
WHEREAS, each Fund has been organized as a wholly-owned subsidiary of PIMCO Dynamic Credit & Mortgage Income Fund, a business trust organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, (the Parent Company), in order to effect certain investments on behalf of the Parent Company consistent with the Parent Companys investment objective(s), policies and restrictions; and
WHEREAS, PIMCO is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the Advisers Act); and
WHEREAS, each Fund desires to retain PIMCO to render investment advisory and supervisory and administrative services hereunder with respect to the Fund; and
WHEREAS, PIMCO is willing to furnish investment advisory and supervisory and administrative services and/or to arrange for such services in the manner and on the terms hereinafter set forth; and
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties agree as follows:
1. Appointment. Each Fund hereby appoints PIMCO to provide the investment advisory services to the Fund and to provide or procure the supervisory and administrative and other services for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement, as amended or supplemented from time to time. PIMCO accepts such appointment and agrees during such period to render the services herein set forth for the compensation herein provided.
2. Duties. (a) PIMCO shall, at its expense, (i) employ or associate with itself such persons as it believes appropriate to assist it in performing its obligations under this Agreement and (ii) provide all services, equipment and facilities necessary to perform its obligations under this Agreement. PIMCO may from time to time seek research assistance and rely on investment management resources available to it through its affiliated companies, but in no case shall such reliance relieve PIMCO of any of its obligations hereunder, nor shall a Fund be responsible for any additional fees or expenses hereunder as a result.
3. Investment Advisory Services. (a) PIMCO shall provide to each Fund investment guidance and policy direction in connection with the management of the Fund, including oral and written research, analysis, advice, and statistical and economic data and information.
Consistent with the investment objective(s), policies and restrictions applicable to each Fund, as set forth in the Parent Companys Registration Statement filed on Form N-2, as supplemented or amended from time to time, and annual and semi-annual shareholder reports (the Investment Objectives and Policies), PIMCO will determine the securities and other assets to be purchased or sold or the other techniques to be utilized (including, but not limited to, the incurrence of leverage and securities lending) by the Fund and will determine what portion of the Fund shall be invested in securities or other assets, and what portion, if any, should be held uninvested.
EXG3_Exh g3 PCILS I LLC Investment Management Agreement.docx
Each Fund will have the benefit of the investment analysis and research, the review of current economic conditions and trends and the consideration of long-range investment policy generally available to investment advisory clients of PIMCO. It is understood that PIMCO will not, to the extent inconsistent with applicable law, use any material nonpublic information pertinent to investment decisions undertaken in connection with this Agreement that may be in its possession or in the possession of any of its affiliates.
(b) As manager of the assets of each Fund, PIMCO shall make investments for the account of the Fund in accordance with PIMCOs best judgment and within the Investment Objectives and Policies, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), any applicable SEC rules, exemptive relief, no-action letters or other guidance applicable to the Fund and applicable Internal Revenue Service rules or other guidance, subject to each Funds LLC Agreement and policy decisions adopted by the Parent Company.
(c) On occasions when PIMCO deems the purchase or sale of a security or other investment to be in the best interest of a Fund as well as other of its clients, PIMCO, to the extent permitted by applicable law, may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate the securities or other investments to be so sold or purchased in order to seek to obtain the best execution of the order or lower brokerage commissions or other transaction costs, if any. PIMCO may also on occasion purchase or sell a particular security or other investment for one or more clients in different amounts. On either occasion, and to the extent permitted by applicable law and regulations, allocation of the securities or other investments so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by PIMCO in the manner it considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to a Fund and to such other clients.
(d) PIMCO may cause each Fund to pay a broker which provides brokerage and research services to PIMCO a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount another broker might have charged. Such higher commissions may not be paid unless PIMCO determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the services received in terms of the particular transaction or PIMCOs overall responsibilities to each Fund and any other of PIMCOs clients.
(e) PIMCO may itself, or may cause each Fund to, commence, join in, consent to or oppose the reorganization, recapitalization, consolidation, sale, merger, foreclosure, liquidation or readjustment of the finances of any person or the securities or other property thereof, and to deposit any securities or other property with any protective, reorganization or similar committee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, PIMCO may represent each Fund on a creditors (or similar) committee.
(f) PIMCO shall have sole authority to exercise whatever powers each Fund may possess with respect to any of the assets of the Fund, including, but not limited to, the right to vote proxies, the power to exercise rights, options, warrants, conversion privileges and redemption privileges, and to tender securities pursuant to a tender offer.
4. Supervisory and Administrative Services. Subject to the general supervision of the Parent Company, PIMCO shall provide or cause to be furnished all supervisory and administrative and other services reasonably necessary for the operation of each Fund, but not including underwriting or distribution services, if any.
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(a) The supervisory and administrative services to be provided by PIMCO shall include the following:
(i) PIMCO shall supervise and coordinate matters relating to the operation of each Fund, including any necessary coordination among any custodian and recordkeeping agent, transfer agent, dividend disbursement agent (including pricing and valuation of the Fund), accountants, attorneys, and other parties performing services or operational functions for the Fund. In connection with the supervision of the pricing and valuation of each Fund, PIMCO shall establish such systems and procedures as are necessary to carry out this function, including systems and procedures relating to defaulted securities; forensic reporting and monitoring of securities and derivatives pricing, including checks and balances against internal models and external pricing services; tracking and reviewing fair valued securities; supervising pricing vendors; and monitoring for significant events occurring after the close of trading that may affect the value of portfolio holdings; and establishing net asset value estimation processes in the event the custodian cannot produce a net asset value for the interests in the Fund, if applicable.
(ii) PIMCO shall provide, or cause a third party to provide, each Fund, at PIMCOs expense, with adequate personnel, office space, communications facilities, and other facilities necessary for the effective supervision and administration of the Fund as contemplated in this Agreement as well as provide, or cause a third party to provide, the Fund, at PIMCOs expense, with the services of a sufficient number of persons competent to perform such supervisory and administrative and clerical functions as are necessary for compliance with federal securities laws and other applicable laws.
(iii) PIMCO shall maintain or supervise the maintenance by third parties of such books and records of each Fund as may be required by applicable federal, state or foreign law.
(iv) PIMCO shall prepare or supervise the preparation by third parties of all federal, state, local, and foreign tax returns and reports of each Fund required by applicable law.
(v) PIMCO or an appointed third party shall prepare and arrange for the filing of any documents with the SEC and other federal, state and foreign or other regulatory authorities, securities exchanges and self-regulatory organizations as may be required to qualify each Fund to do business or as otherwise required by applicable law. PIMCO shall maintain systems necessary to provide or procure required disclosure in the Parent Companys registration statements, shareholder reports, proxy statements, reports to securities exchanges and similar regulatory documents, and Fund proxy voting information.
(vi) PIMCO shall take, or cause a third party to take, such other action with respect to each Fund as may be required by applicable law, including without limitation the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, state securities commissions and other governmental and regulatory agencies.
(b) Other Services. PIMCO shall also procure on behalf of each Fund, to the extent necessary, and at the expense of PIMCO, the following persons to provide services to the Fund: (i) a custodian or custodians for the Fund to provide for the safekeeping of the Funds assets; (ii) a recordkeeping agent to maintain the portfolio accounting records for the Fund (iii) a transfer agent for the Fund; and (iv) a dividend disbursing agent or registrar for the Fund. Each Fund and/or PIMCO may be a party to any agreement with any of the persons referred to in this Section 4(b).
(c) Personnel. PIMCO shall also make its officers and employees available to the Parent Company and the Parent Companys Board of Trustees and officers for consultation and discussions regarding the supervision and administration of each Fund and services provided to each Fund under this Agreement.
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(d) Standards; Reports. In performing these supervisory and administrative services, PIMCO:
(i) shall conform with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, with the Advisers Act, with all other applicable federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, with all applicable rules and regulations of any securities exchanges on which the Parent Companys shares are listed for trading, with any applicable procedures adopted by the Parent Companys Board of Trustees, with each Funds LLC Agreement and, to the extent then currently applicable, with the provisions of the Parent Companys Registration Statement filed on Form N-2 as supplemented or amended from time to time.
(ii) will make available to each Fund, promptly upon request, any of the Funds books and records as are maintained under this Agreement, and will furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any such books and records and any information or reports in connection with PIMCOs services under this Agreement that may be requested in order to ascertain whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in a manner consistent with applicable laws and regulations.
(iii) will regularly report to the Parent Company on the supervisory and administrative services provided under this Agreement and will furnish the Parent Company with respect to each Fund such periodic and special reports as the Parent Company may reasonably request.
5. Attorney in Fact. Each Fund hereby appoints PIMCO, acting with the standard of care owed under this Agreement, as its attorney in fact with full power of substitution to pursue on behalf of the Fund any claim, recovery, restitution, or similar action or relief (each, a Claim) related to or concerning the Fund or any Fund asset, holding, trade, trade settlement, cash or account of any type, against any counterparty or similar party, or any Claim related to PIMCOs services to the Fund, including, without limitation, any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar action or proceeding; provided, however, that PIMCO shall obtain approval from the Parent Company before taking any further actions in pursuit of a Claim which results in substantial costs to the Fund.
7. Calculation of Fees. Each Fund will not pay PIMCO any compensation in consideration of the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement.
8. Allocation of Expenses. During the term of this Agreement, PIMCO will pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with its obligations under this Agreement with respect to a Fund, except such expenses as are assumed by the Fund or the Parent Company, on behalf of the Fund, under this Agreement. PIMCO may also, in its sole discretion, bear any expenses that would otherwise be borne by a Fund or the Parent Company, on behalf of the Fund, under this Agreement. In addition, PIMCO shall bear the following expenses under this Agreement:
(a) Expenses of all audits by each Funds independent public accountants;
(b) Expenses of each Funds transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursing agent and recordkeeping agent, if any;
(c) Expenses of any custodian providing custodial services to a Fund or any trust for the benefit of a Fund, including any recordkeeping services provided by the custodian;
(d) Expenses of obtaining quotations for calculating the value of each Funds net assets;
(e) Expenses of maintaining each Funds tax records;
(f) Costs and/or fees, including legal fees, incident to the filing of reports with regulatory bodies and the maintenance of each Funds existence and qualification to do business;
(g) Each Funds ordinary legal fees, including the legal fees that arise in the ordinary course of business for a Delaware limited liability company; and
(h) Each Funds insurance premiums.
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Each Fund or the Parent Company, on behalf of the Fund, shall bear the following expenses:
(a) Salaries and other compensation or expenses, including travel expenses, of any of the Funds executive officers and employees, if any, who are not officers, directors, shareholders, members, partners or employees of PIMCO or its subsidiaries or affiliates;
(b) Taxes and governmental fees, if any, levied against the Fund;
(c) Brokerage fees and commissions, and other portfolio transaction expenses incurred by or for the Fund (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of outside legal counsel or third-party consultants retained in connection with reviewing, negotiating and structuring specialized loans and other investments made by the Fund, subject to specific or general authorization by the Parent Companys Board of Trustees);
(d) Expenses of the Funds securities lending (if any), including any securities lending agent fees, as governed by a separate securities lending agreement;
(e) Costs, including interest expenses, of borrowing money or engaging in other types of leverage financing including, without limitation, through the use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements, tender option bonds, bank borrowings and credit facilities;
(f) Costs, including dividend and/or interest expenses and other costs (including, without limitation, offering and related legal costs, fees to brokers, fees to auction agents, fees to transfer agents, fees to rating agencies and fees to auditors associated with satisfying ratings agency requirements for securities issued by the Fund and other related requirements in a Funds organizational documents) associated with the Funds issuance, offering, redemption and maintenance of senior securities for the purpose of incurring leverage;
(g) Fees and expenses of any underlying funds or other pooled vehicles in which the Fund invests;
(h) Dividend and interest expenses on short positions taken by the Fund;
(i) Fees and expenses, including travel expenses, and fees and expenses of legal counsel retained for their benefit, of Trustees of the Fund who are not officers, employees, partners, shareholders or members of PIMCO or its subsidiaries or affiliates;
(j) Extraordinary expenses, including extraordinary legal expenses, as may arise, including expenses incurred in connection with litigation, proceedings, other claims, and the legal obligations of the Fund to indemnify its directors, officers, employees, shareholders, distributors, and agents with respect thereto;
(k) Organizational and offering expenses of the Fund; and
(l) Expenses of the Fund which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
8. Effectiveness, Termination and Amendment. This Agreement shall take effect as of the date indicated above and shall continue in effect until terminated. This Agreement is terminable by either party, without penalty, on sixty (60) days prior written notice. This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event (i) of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act) or (ii) of the termination of the investment management agreement between the Parent Company and PIMCO. No provision of this Agreement may be changed, waived or discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing signed by the party against which enforcement of the change, waiver, discharge or termination is sought. Appendix A may be amended from time to time to add new Funds without a vote of the interest holders of any Fund or the shareholders of the Parent Company.
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9. Liability. PIMCO shall give each Fund the benefit of PIMCOs best judgment and efforts in rendering services under this Agreement. PIMCO may rely on information reasonably believed by it to be accurate and reliable. As an inducement for PIMCOs undertaking to render services under this Agreement, each Fund agrees that neither PIMCO nor its members, officers, directors, or employees shall be subject to any liability for, or any damages, expenses or losses incurred in connection with, any act or omission or mistake in judgment connected with or arising out of any services rendered under this Agreement, except by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in performance of PIMCOs duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of PIMCOs obligations and duties under this Agreement. This provision shall govern only the liability to each Fund of PIMCO and that of its members, officers, directors, and employees, and shall in no way govern the liability to each Fund or PIMCO or provide a defense for any other person including persons that provide services for a Fund as described in this Agreement.
10. Non-Exclusivity. The services of PIMCO to each Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive as to PIMCO and PIMCO will be free to render similar services to other investment companies and other clients. Except to the extent necessary to perform PIMCOs obligations under this Agreement, nothing herein shall be deemed to limit or restrict the right of PIMCO, or any affiliate of PIMCO, or any employee of PIMCO, to engage in any other business or to devote time and attention to the management or other aspects of any other business, whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, or to render services of any kind to any other corporation, firm, individual or association.
11. Independent Contractor. PIMCO shall for all purposes herein be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided herein or authorized by the Parent Company from time to time, have no authority to act for or represent each Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed its agent.
12. Use of Name. It is understood that the names Pacific Investment Management Company LLC or PIMCO or any derivative thereof or logo associated with those names and other servicemarks and trademarks owned by PIMCO and its affiliates are the valuable property of PIMCO and its affiliates, and that each Fund may use such names (or derivatives or logos) only as permitted by PIMCO.
13. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original.
14. Miscellaneous. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, provided that nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, or any rule or order of the SEC thereunder, or the Commodity Exchange Act, or any rule or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission thereunder to the extent any of such laws applies to each Fund.
(a) If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable. To the extent that any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise with regard to any party, hereunder, such provisions with respect to other parties hereto shall not be affected thereby.
(b) The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience only and in no way define any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
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(c) No person other than each Fund and PIMCO is a party to this Agreement or shall be entitled to any right or benefit arising under or in respect of this Agreement; there are no third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement is intended to, or shall be read to, (i) create in any person other than each Fund any direct, indirect, derivative, or other rights against PIMCO, or (ii) create or give rise to any duty or obligation on the part of PIMCO (including without limitation any fiduciary duty) to any person other than each Fund, all of which rights, benefits, duties, and obligations are hereby expressly excluded.
15. A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Parent Company is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Parent Company by an officer of the Parent Company as an officer and not individually and that the obligations imposed on the Parent Company by this Agreement are not binding upon any of the Trustees, officers or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Parent Company.
(Remainder of page left intentionally blank.)
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their authorized persons designated below on the day and year first above written.
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Appendix A
PCILS I LLC
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ROPES & GRAY LLP PRUDENTIAL TOWER 800 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MA 02199-3600 WWW.ROPESGRAY.COM |
December 3, 2019
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund
1633 Broadway
New York, New York 10019
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the Fund) in connection with the registration statement of the Fund on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 (file no. 333-232285) and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (file no. 811-22758) (the Registration Statement), each as amended, with respect to the sale and issuance of up to a number of its common shares of beneficial interest, par value of $0.00001 per share (the Common Shares) having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000.
We have examined the Funds Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, on file in the office of the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the Declaration of Trust), and the Funds Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, and are familiar with the actions taken by the Fund in connection with the issuance and sale of the Common Shares. We have also examined such other documents and records as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of this opinion.
Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:
1. The Fund is a duly organized and validly existing unincorporated voluntary association with transferable shares under and by virtue of the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
2. The Common Shares have been duly authorized and, when and if issued and paid for in accordance with the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid and, except as described in the following paragraph, nonassessable by the Fund.
The Fund is an entity of the type commonly known as a Massachusetts business trust. Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Fund and requires that a notice of such disclaimer be given in each note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking entered into or executed by the Fund or its trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of the property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable solely by reason of his being or having been a shareholder. Thus, the risk of a shareholders incurring financial loss on account of being a shareholder should be limited to circumstances in which the Fund itself would be unable to meet its obligations.
We understand that this opinion is to be used in connection with the registration of the Common Shares for offering and sale pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We consent to the filing of this opinion with and as part of the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption Legal Matters in the prospectus, contained in the Registration Statement.
Very truly yours, |
/s/ Ropes & Gray LLP |
Ropes & Gray LLP |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-2 of our report dated August 23, 2019, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Funds Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended June 30, 2019. We also consent to the references to us under the headings Financial Statements, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Highlights in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Kansas City, Missouri
December 3, 2019
Code of Ethics
PIMCO Funds
PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust
PIMCO ETF Trust
PIMCO Equity Series
PIMCO Equity Series VIT
PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust
PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds
PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds
Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO), the investment adviser and administrator or investment manager to PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series, PIMCO Equity Series VIT, PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, the PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds, and the PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds (each a Fund, and collectively the Funds), has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to any officer, director, or employee of PIMCO. The following Code of Ethics (the Code) is adopted by each Fund pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the Act). This Code is intended to ensure that all acts, practices and courses of business engaged in by access persons (as defined in this Code) of each Fund reflect high standards and comply with the requirements of Section 17(j) of the Act and Rule 17j-1 thereunder. This Code incorporates the PIMCO Code of Ethics (the PIMCO Code) with respect to any officer, employee, associated person, or director of PIMCO who may be an access person or advisory person of each Fund, as defined in the Rule.
This Code is not applicable to any Trustee1 or officer of a Fund or any other access person who is employed by PIMCO or Allianz Asset Management of America L.P. (AAM) as each such person is already covered by the PIMCO Code or the Code of Ethics adopted by AAM (the AAM Code).
This Code sets forth general fiduciary standards and standards of business conduct that govern the personal investment activities of access persons in accordance with Rule 17j-1. Certain personal trading restrictions and reporting obligations under the Code may not be applicable under circumstances in which an access person does not obtain access to particular types of information (as defined in the Code). Access persons should contact the Chief Compliance Officer (the CCO) of the relevant Fund with any questions regarding the applicability of the Codes provisions.
I. Definitions
(A) Access person means any director, trustee, officer, general partner, or advisory person (as defined in this Code) of a Fund or PIMCO. However, the term access person, as contained herein, shall not include any Trustee or officer of the Fund or any other access person of the Fund who is subject to the Code of Ethics adopted by PIMCO (PIMCO Personnel) or the AAM Code. PIMCO has represented to the Trustees of each Fund that the PIMCO Code covers all of the officers of the Fund and any other access persons of the Fund, with the exception of (i) the
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References to Trustees include Directors, as applicable. |
Code of Ethics
Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (Independent Trustees) and (ii) Trustee(s) who are interested persons of the Fund but are covered by the AAM Code (such Trustee(s), together with the Independent Trustees, the Non-PIMCO Trustees).
(B) Advisory person means (1) any director, trustee, officer, general partner or employee of a Fund or PIMCO (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or PIMCO), who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of a financial instrument (as defined in this Code) by the Fund, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (2) any natural person in a control relationship to the Fund or PIMCO who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund with regard to the purchase or sale of a financial instrument.
(C) A financial instrument is being considered for purchase or sale when a recommendation to purchase or sell a financial instrument has been made and communicated or, with respect to the person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation.
(D) A financial instrument is being purchased or sold by a Fund from the time when a purchase or sale program has been communicated to the person who places the buy and sell orders for the Fund until the time when such program has been fully completed or terminated.
(E) Beneficial ownership shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.
(F) Control has the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the Act. Section 2(a)(9) provides that control generally means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.
(G) A financial instrument held or to be acquired by a Fund means: (1) any financial instrument which, within the most recent 15 days: (a) is or has been held by the Fund; or (b) is being or has been considered by the Fund or PIMCO for purchase by the Fund; and (2) any option to purchase or sell, and any financial instrument convertible into or exchangeable for, a financial instrument described in Section I (K) of this Code.
(H) An initial public offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(I) Investment personnel means: (1) any employee of a Fund or PIMCO (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or PIMCO) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or
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Code of Ethics
sale of financial instruments by the Fund; and (2) any natural person who controls the Fund or PIMCO and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of financial instruments by the Fund.
(J) A limited offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) or Section 4(a)(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933.
(K) Security has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Act, except that it shall not include direct obligations of the Government of the United States, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements, and shares of registered open-end investment companies (excluding exchange-traded funds other than a series of the Funds), or such other securities as may be excepted under the provisions of Rule 17j-1 (such securities, excluded securities). For the avoidance of doubt, exchange-traded funds, whether registered as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts, are deemed to be securities, provided that series of the Funds shall not be deemed to be securities.
(L) Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
(M) Financial instrument means a security, derivative, commodity or currency as investment.
(N) Derivative means (1) a futures contract and an option on a futures contract traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. board of trade, such as the Chicago Board of Trade or the London International Financial Futures Exchange; and (2) a forward contract, a swap, a cap, a collar, a floor and an over-the-counter option (other than an option on a foreign currency, an option on a basket of currencies, an option on a security or an option on an index of securities, which are included in the definition of security). Questions regarding whether a particular instrument or transaction is a derivative for purposes of this policy should be directed to PIMCO Compliance.
(O) Personal securities transactions shall include transactions in securities, derivatives, currencies for investment purposes and commodities for investment purposes.
II. Prohibited Purchases and Sales
(A) No access person shall, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of a financial instrument held or to be acquired by a Fund:
(1) employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;
(2) make to the Fund any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state to the Fund a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
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Code of Ethics
(3) engage in any act, practice or course of business which would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the Fund; or
(4) engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.
(B) In this connection, it shall be impermissible for any access person to purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any financial instrument (or any option to purchase or sell such financial instrument) in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership and which he or she knows or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as such access person, should have known, at the time of such purchase or sale:
(1) is being considered for purchase or sale by a Fund, or
(2) is being purchased or sold by a Fund.
This prohibition shall apply to a transaction if it occurs within 15 days prior to or after either:
(1) the purchase or sale of such financial instrument by a Fund; or
(2) the consideration of such purchase or sale by a Fund or PIMCO.
(C) With respect to investment personnel not subject to the PIMCO Code or the AAM Code, no such investment personnel may acquire any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in any securities in an initial public offering or in a limited offering unless the CCO of the Fund (or his or her designee), as appropriate, has authorized the transaction in advance. All other investment personnel are subject to the PIMCO Code or AAM Code, which contain substantively equivalent provisions concerning initial public offerings and limited offerings.
(D) With respect to the PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds and PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds, Non-PIMCO Trustees who serve on the Board of the applicable Fund may not transact in the shares of such Fund unless he or she receives preclearance from the Funds CCO, or his or her designee, in writing. In order to receive preclearance:
(1) |
A Non-PIMCO Trustee must have submitted a preclearance request in writing on the applicable form attached to this Code as Appendix VI, or in such other form as is deemed acceptable by the CCO or his or her designee; and |
(2) |
It must be determined that the purchase or sale of the Closed-End Fund or Interval Fund shares complies with this Code, including the other provisions of this Section II. |
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Code of Ethics
It is noted that PIMCO Personnel may be subject to preclearance requirements for shares of PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds and the PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds, restrictions on transactions in initial public offerings, private placements and hedge funds and trading in closed-end funds during certain periods, as set forth in the PIMCO Code.
(E) The fiduciary principles of this Code and securities and commodities laws prohibit any access person from purchasing or selling, directly or indirectly, any financial instrument based on material, non-public information (MNPI) received from any source or communicating this information to others. The insider trading prohibition also applies to MNPI received with respect to any Fund, including information concerning events that may immediately impact the publicly traded share price or net asset value of a Fund. Accordingly, the Independent Trustees are prohibited from purchasing or selling, directly or indirectly, any shares of a Fund based on MNPI. The CCO, PIMCO legal counsel and/or counsel to the Independent Trustees will monitor for situations in which the Independent Trustees receive MNPI relating to a Fund and, if the Independent Trustees receive such MNPI, advise the Independent Trustees as appropriate. The same procedure will be followed with respect to MNPI that may be received by the Independent Trustees with respect to a financial instrument held by a Fund. If an access person believes he or she may have access to material, non-public information or is unsure about whether information is material or non-public, such access person should consult the CCO of the relevant Fund. Please refer to Appendix VII for a brief reference guide regarding MNPI.
(F) Any access person who questions whether a contemplated transaction is prohibited by this Code should discuss the transaction with the CCO of the relevant Fund (or his or her designee), or both, as appropriate, prior to proceeding with the transaction.
III. Exempted Transactions
The prohibitions of Section II(B), II(C) and, to the extent indicated below, II(D) of this Code shall not apply to the following transactions by access persons:
(1) Purchases or sales of financial instruments over which the access person has no direct or indirect influence or control (exemption applies to Section II(D));
(2) Purchases or sales of financial instruments which are not eligible for purchase or sale by a Fund;
(3) Purchases or sales of financial instruments which are non-volitional on the part of either the access person or a Fund (exemption applies to Section II(D));
(4) Purchases of financial instruments which are part of an Automatic Investment Plan (exemption applies to Section II(D));
(5) Purchases of securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer (exemption applies to Section II(D));
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Code of Ethics
(6) Transactions which appear to the CCO of the Fund (or his or her designee), as appropriate, to present no reasonable likelihood of harm to the Fund, which are otherwise in accordance with Rule 17j-1, and which the CCO of the Fund (or his or her designee), as appropriate, has authorized in advance;
(7) Purchases or sales of derivatives on broad-based indices and major market currencies; and
(8) Purchases or sales of physical currencies and physical commodities.
IV. Reporting
(A) Every access person shall file with the Fund reports containing the information described in Sections IV(B), (C) and (D) of this Code with respect to transactions in any financial instrument in which such access person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the financial instrument (regardless of whether such transaction is listed in Section III (1) through (6)), provided, however, that such access person shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influences or control; provided, further, that if such access person is an Independent Trustee, and would be required to make such a report solely by reason of being a Trustee of the Fund, such Trustee is not required to file a report under this Section IV, except that, where such Trustee knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Trustee of the Fund, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction in a financial instrument by the Trustee, such financial instrument is or was purchased or sold by the Fund or such purchase or sale by the Fund is or was considered by the Fund or PIMCO, such Trustee must file a Quarterly Transaction Report under Section IV(C). PIMCO does not intend to provide any information to the Independent Trustees in the ordinary course about Fund transactions occurring within the 15 day period immediately preceding or after a transaction by a Trustee, and as such, Quarterly Transaction Reports will typically not be required to be filed by Independent Trustees.
(B) Initial Holding Reports. No later than ten (10) days after a person becomes an access person, the person shall file a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an access person):
(1) The title, number of shares and principal amount of each financial instrument in which the access person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an access person;
(2) The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the access person maintained an account in which any financial instruments (including excluded securities) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the access person as of the date the person became an access person; and
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Code of Ethics
(3) The date that the report is submitted by the access person.
(C) Quarterly Reports. Transaction Report. No later than thirty (30) days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, every access person shall file a report containing the following information:
(1) The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity (if applicable), the number of shares, and the principal amount of each financial instrument involved;
(2) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition), including information sufficient to establish any exemption listed in Section III (2) through (6), or exception to Section II(C) which is relied upon;
(3) The price at which the transaction was effected;
(4) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and
(5) The date that the report is submitted by the access person.
Account Report. With respect to any account established by an access person in which any financial instruments (including excluded securities) were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the access person, the access person shall file a report containing the following information:
(1) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the access person established the account;
(2) The date the account was established; and
(3) The date that the report is submitted by the access person.
Automatic Investment Plans. An access person need not make a quarterly transaction report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan.
(D) Annual Holdings Reports. Annually, every access person shall file a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted):
(1) The title, number of shares and principal amount of each financial instrument in which the access person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;
(2) The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the access person maintains an account in which any financial instruments (including excluded securities) are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the access person; and
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Code of Ethics
(3) The date that the report is submitted by the access person.
(E) Any report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the financial instrument to which the report relates, and the existence of any report shall not be construed as an admission that any event reported on constitutes a violation of Section II(A) hereof.
(F) If any access person is required to file reports of all his or her personal securities transactions on a current basis with the CCO of a Fund (or his or her designee), and such reports contain the information required by Section IV (C), such reports shall be deemed to be sufficient for purposes of Section IV(C) of this Code and no separate report shall be required.
(G) All reports of personal securities transactions and any other information filed with a Fund pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, except as regards appropriate examinations by representatives of the SEC or other regulatory body having jurisdiction.
V. Review, Enforcement and Compliance
(A) Review
(1) The CCO of each Fund (or his or her designee) shall from time to time review the reported personal securities transactions of the access persons to determine whether any transaction (Reviewable Transactions) listed in Section II may have occurred.2
(2) If the CCO of the relevant Fund (or his or her designee) determines that a Reviewable Transaction may have occurred, he or she shall then determine whether a violation of this Code may have occurred, taking into account all the exemptions provided under Section III. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by an individual, the CCO of the relevant Fund (or his or her designee) shall give such person an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.
(B) Enforcement
(1) If the CCO of a Fund (or his or her designee) determines that a violation of this Code may have occurred, he or she shall take such steps as he or she deems appropriate under the circumstances, including, if appropriate, notification of the Trustees of the Fund. The Trustees, with the exception of any person whose transaction is under consideration, shall take such actions as they consider appropriate, including imposition of any sanctions that they consider appropriate.
2 The CCO of PIMCO, or his or her designee, reviews the personal trading activity of access persons subject to the PIMCO Code on a quarterly basis.
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Code of Ethics
(2) No person shall participate in a determination of whether he or she has committed a violation of this Code or in the imposition of any sanction against himself/herself. If, for example, a personal securities transaction of the CCO of a Fund is under consideration, a Trustee of the Fund designated for the purpose by the Trustees of the Fund shall act in all respects in the manner prescribed herein for the CCO.
(C) Compliance
(1) The CCO of each Fund (or his or her designee) shall identify all access persons required to make reports under this Code and inform them of their reporting obligation.
(2) Each access person shall be required to sign an acknowledgement that such person has read and understands this Code. A form for this purpose is attached to this Code as Appendix I.
(3) Each access person shall be required to certify annually that such person has complied with the requirements of this Code during the prior year, and that such person has disclosed, reported, or caused to be reported all transactions during the prior year in financial instruments of which such person had or acquired beneficial ownership. A form for this purpose is attached to this Code as Appendix II.
(4) No less frequently than annually, each Fund shall furnish to the Funds Board of Trustees, and the Board must consider, a written report that:
(i) Describes any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report to the Board of Trustees, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and
(ii) Certifies that the Fund has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent access person from violating the Code. A form for this purpose is attached to this Code as Appendices III, IV and V.
VI. Records
Each Fund shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f)(1) under the Act and shall be available for appropriate examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
(1) A copy of this Code and any other Code of Ethics which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;
(2) A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;
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Code of Ethics
(3) A copy of each report made pursuant to this Code by an access person, including any information provided under Section IV(F) in lieu of the reports under Section IV(C), shall be preserved by the Fund for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;
(4) A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place.
(5) A copy of each report required by Section V(C)(4) of the Code shall be preserved by the Fund for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place.
(6) The Fund shall preserve a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition by investment personnel of financial instruments under Section II(C) of this Code, for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted.
VII. Fiduciary Duties
(A) Disclosure of Non-Public Portfolio Holdings Information. If an access person has access to non-public portfolio holdings information of a Fund, then he or she must treat non-public portfolio holdings information of a Fund in accordance with the Funds Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures.
(B) Confidentiality. The officers and Trustees of each Fund acknowledge that each Fund discloses to its officers and Trustees, and such persons will otherwise come into possession of while acting in their capacities as officers or Trustees, certain information and data which a Fund wishes to keep confidential, including, but not limited to, information regarding a Funds governance, Board of Trustees, officers and other management (including regarding the Funds investment advisers and sub-advisers), minutes and other records of meetings, investment program, strategies and performance, portfolio holdings, dividends and distributions, secondary offerings, investment leverage, compliance, legal and regulatory matters (including Fund policies and procedures), valuation of assets, administration, custody, finances or operations (including information relating to financial statements), corporate actions, strategic plans, litigation and regulatory inquiries, communications, examinations and enforcement activities, shareholders and related communications, marketing, intellectual property and trade secrets, and information which is proprietary to the Fund or its advisers or which the Fund has obtained from third parties and with respect to which the Fund is obligated to maintain confidentiality (collectively, Confidential Information). The officers and Trustees of each Fund acknowledge that each Funds business is extremely competitive, dependent in part upon the maintenance of confidentiality, and that any disclosure of Confidential Information could result in serious harm to a Fund or its officers, Trustees or management. For these reasons, as officers or Trustees of one or more Funds, you must
10
Code of Ethics
use Confidential Information only in connection with your duties as a Fund officer or Trustee and may not use Confidential Information in any way that is or could be deemed to be detrimental to a Fund or its officers, Trustees or management. Further, you may not disclose, directly or indirectly, Confidential Information with respect to a Fund to any third person or entity, other than representatives of Fund management and their affiliates and authorized representatives or agents of the Fund, and only to the extent that such person or entity requires such Confidential Information in order to perform services for a Fund, and must treat all such information as confidential and proprietary property of the Fund. Individuals who no longer serve as Fund officers or Trustees may not disclose, directly or indirectly, Confidential Information that they obtained during their service as a Fund officer or Trustee, other than as provided for in the preceding sentence.
From time to time, the Boards of Trustees of the Funds may conduct joint meetings of the Boards of Trustees of some or all of the Funds. In connection with such joint meetings, a Trustee or officer may come into possession of Confidential Information with respect to a Fund that he or she does not oversee. The preceding paragraph shall apply to the receipt of Confidential Information by a Trustee or officer under such circumstances.
In addition to the general obligations regarding Confidential Information discussed above and in acknowledgement of the fact that the role of Independent Trustees and of chairpersons and members of committees of the Board of Trustees may be misconstrued by the general public, Independent Trustees should not comment to the press or make any postings or comments on the internet or any form of social media, including blogs or other similar forums, regarding their position or matters related to their service as Independent Trustees or members of committees. Failure to abide by this policy may lead to a full range of sanctions permitted by a Funds organizational documents, up to and including removal from the Board of Trustees. In the event that an Independent Trustee resigns or otherwise no longer serves as an Independent Trustee, such individual is expected to continue to abide by this policy with respect to information obtained during his or her service as an Independent Trustee. This policy does not apply to legally compelled disclosure or testimony to a regulator or court of law.
In addition, this Code will not be interpreted or applied in any manner that would violate the legal rights of any person subject to this Code as an employee under applicable law. For example, nothing in this Code or the Appendices attached hereto prohibits or in any way restricts any person subject to this Code from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to, otherwise communicating directly with, cooperating with or providing information to any governmental or regulatory body or any self-regulatory organization or making other disclosures that are protected under applicable law or regulations of the SEC or any other governmental or regulatory body or self-regulatory organization. A person subject to this Code does not need prior authorization of PIMCO or a Fund before taking any such action and is not required to inform PIMCO or a Fund if he or she chooses to take such action.
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Code of Ethics
VIII. Amendment; Interpretation of Provisions
The Trustees may from time to time amend this Code or adopt such interpretations of this Code as they deem appropriate.
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History of Amendments
PIMCO Funds
PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust
PIMCO ETF Trust
Adopted: September 29, 2004
Effective: October 5, 2004
Amended: November 16, 2004
Effective: February 1, 2005
Amended: August 16, 2005
Effective: August 16, 2005
Amended: February 28, 2006
Effective: February 28, 2006
Amended: February 24, 2009
Effective: February 24, 2009
Amended: May 19, 2009
Effective: May 19, 2009
Amended: May 25, 2010
Effective: May 25, 2010
Amended: March 1, 2011
Effective: March 1, 2011
Amended: November 5, 2013
Effective: November 5, 2013
Amended: August 14, 2014
Amended: September 18, 2014
Effective: September 18, 2014
Amended: August 11, 2015
Effective: August 11, 2015
Amended: February 14, 2017
Effective: February 14, 2017
PIMCO Equity Series
PIMCO Equity Series VIT
Adopted: March 30, 2010
Effective: March 30, 2010
Amended: May 25, 2010
Effective: May 25, 2010
Amended: March 1, 2011
Effective: March 1, 2011
Amended: November 7, 2013
Effective: November 7, 2013
Amended: August 14, 2014
Amended: September 18, 2014
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Code of Ethics
Effective: September 18, 2014
Amended: August 11, 2015
Effective: August 12, 2015
Amended: February 15, 2017
Effective: February 15, 2017
Amended: May 17, 2017
Effective: May 17, 2017
PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust
PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds
Adopted: June 24, 2014
Effective: September 5, 2014
Amended: September 18, 2014
Effective: September 18, 2014
Amended: August 11, 2015
Effective: October 6, 2015
Amended: March 23, 2017
Effective: March 23, 2017
PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds
Adopted: December 14, 2016
Effective: December 14, 2016
Amended: March 23, 2017
Effective: March 23, 2017
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Appendix I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT CERTIFICATION
PIMCO FUNDS
PIMCO VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
PIMCO ETF TRUST
PIMCO EQUITY SERIES
PIMCO EQUITY SERIES VIT
PIMCO MANAGED ACCOUNTS TRUST
PIMCO SPONSORED CLOSED-END FUNDS
PIMCO SPONSORED INTERVAL FUNDS
I hereby certify that I have read and understand the attached Code of Ethics. Pursuant to such Code, I have recognized that I must disclose or report all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported thereunder and comply in all other respects with the requirements of such Code. I also agree to cooperate fully with any investigation or inquiry as to whether a possible violation of the foregoing Code has occurred.
Date: |
|
|||
Signature |
A-1
Appendix II
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE
PIMCO FUNDS
PIMCO VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
PIMCO ETF TRUST
PIMCO EQUITY SERIES
PIMCO EQUITY SERIES VIT
PIMCO MANAGED ACCOUNTS TRUST
PIMCO SPONSORED CLOSED-END FUNDS
PIMCO SPONSORED INTERVAL FUNDS
I hereby certify that I have complied with the requirements of the Code of Ethics for the year ended December 31, ___. Pursuant to such Code, I have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported thereunder and complied in all other respects with the requirements of such Code. I also agree to cooperate fully with any investigation or inquiry as to whether a possible violation of the foregoing Code has occurred.
Date: |
|
|||
Signature |
A-2
Appendix III
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION
PIMCO EQUITY SERIES
PIMCO EQUITY SERIES VIT
I, the undersigned, hereby certify on behalf of PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT (each a Fund), to the Board of Trustees pursuant to Rule 17j-1(c)(2)(B) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and pursuant to Section V(C)(4)(ii) of the Funds Code of Ethics (the Code), that each Fund has adopted procedures that are reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from violating the Code.
Date: |
|
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Fund CCO |
A-3
Appendix IV
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION
PIMCO FUNDS
PIMCO VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
PIMCO ETF TRUST
I, the undersigned, hereby certify on behalf of PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust and PIMCO ETF Trust (each a Fund), to the Board of Trustees pursuant to Rule 17j-1(c)(2)(B) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and pursuant to Section V(C)(4)(ii) of the Funds Code of Ethics (the Code), that each Fund has adopted procedures that are reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from violating the Code.
Date: |
|
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Fund CCO |
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Appendix V
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION
PIMCO MANAGED ACCOUNTS TRUST
PIMCO SPONSORED CLOSED-END FUNDS
PIMCO SPONSORED INTERVAL FUNDS
I, the undersigned, hereby certify on behalf of PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, the PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds, and the PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds (each a Fund), to the Board of Trustees pursuant to Rule 17j-1(c)(2)(B) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and pursuant to Section V(C)(4)(ii) of the Funds Code of Ethics (the Code), that each Fund has adopted procedures that are reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from violating the Code.
Date: |
|
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Fund CCO |
A-5
Appendix VI
PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLC
PRECLEARANCE OF
PIMCO SPONSORED CLOSED-END FUND
OR PIMCO SPONSORED INTERVAL FUND
SHARES TRANSACTION FORM
(To be submitted to PIMCO Compliance)
(1) | Name of trustee requesting authorization: | |||
(2) | Name of the account where the trade will occur (if different from #1): | |||
(3) | Relationship of (2) to (1): | |||
(4) | Name of fund and type of financial instrument (e.g. common or preferred shares): | |||
(5) | Ticker Symbol: | |||
(6) | Intended number of shares: | |||
(7) | Is the transaction being requested a purchase or sale? |
(NOTE: short sales are not permitted) |
||||
(8) | Has the fund completed all its initial common and preferred shares offerings and is not otherwise engaged in an offering of its shares? |
______ Yes ______ No |
||
(9) | Do you possess material nonpublic information regarding the financial instrument or the issuer of the financial instrument? |
______ Yes ______ No |
||
(10) | If the requested transaction is a sale, have the shares been held at least 6 months? |
______ Yes ______ No |
NOTE: If you have any questions about how to complete this form, please contact the Code of Ethics Compliance team at (949) 720-7821 or by email at Tradeclearcompliance@pimco.com.
Approvals are valid on the day approval has been granted and the next business day (the Approval Period). Accordingly, GTC (good till canceled) orders are prohibited. If a trade is not executed by the close of business of the Approval Period, you must submit a new preclearance request. Obtaining preclearance satisfies the preclearance requirements of the Funds Code of Ethics (the Code) and does not imply compliance with the Codes other provisions.
A-6
* * * * * *
By signing below, the undersigned certifies the following: The undersigned agrees that the above requested transaction is in compliance with the Code and Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Trustee Signature |
Date Submitted | ||
Authorized _____ Not Authorized _____ | ||
By: | ||
Printed Name: | ||
Date: |
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Appendix VII
Guidelines Regarding Material, Non-Public Information
Whether information is material and non-public (MNPI) must be evaluated on a fact-specific, case-by-case basis and will be judged by regulators and prosecutors with the benefit of hindsight. Identifying MNPI is highly complex and risky. DO NOT attempt to make this judgment on your own. Contact the relevant Funds CCO if you think you have received or may receive MNPI. DO NOT share the information you have with anyone.
Examples of Material Information
A common definition is information that a reasonable investor would consider important to making an investment decision. Examples include:
● |
Earnings Results |
● |
Earnings projections or guidance |
● |
Merger, tender offer or joint venture |
● |
Major change in issuer assets |
● |
Change in control or management |
● |
Major events regarding financial instruments (e.g., cash flows, losses, defaults) |
● |
Financial liquidity problems, bankruptcy or receivership |
● |
Actual or threatened litigation |
● |
Departure of key personnel |
Examples of Non-Public Information
Information is generally deemed non-public if it has not been widely disseminated to the public. Key questions when evaluating whether information is non-public include:
● |
Can the information be found in an SEC filing or in any other document that is publicly available? |
● |
Has the information appeared in a newspaper or other publication of general circulation? |
● |
Is the information available on a public website? |
Exercise extreme caution when information has been disseminated to only a small number of investors or others outside the issuer. The prevalence of a market rumor does not constitute public disclosure of otherwise non-public information.
A-8
What is MNPI when Purchasing or Selling Funds?
MNPI in the context of buying or selling Fund shares could generally include the recent or pending occurrence of one of the items below or significant likelihood that such an item will occur, that you are aware of at the time of a possible trade, and that has not yet been made public, such as:
For All Funds:
● |
Material changes in value of the Funds portfolio securities that have not yet been reflected in NAV |
● |
Material undisclosed revenues or liabilities to be realized by the Fund (such as from litigation or resolution of a regulatory or compliance matter) |
For Open-End Funds and ETFs:
● |
Material increases in illiquid or fair valued assets in the portfolio |
● |
Actions or events likely to lead to material redemptions and/or a fire sale of Fund assets |
For Closed-End Funds and Interval Funds (as applicable):
● |
Changes in dividend rates or a special dividend |
● |
Material changes to the Funds leverage or other strategies that will materially impact income and dividend levels and/or result in a fire sale of Fund shares |
● |
Actions to address trading discounts (e.g., open-ending, tender offers, open-market purchases) or secondary offerings |
● |
Other material corporate actions involving the Fund (e.g., a Fund merger) |
● |
Material changes in the Funds stated investment objectives or fundamental policies |
● |
A determination to liquidate a Fund |
● |
Material regulatory action or litigation involving the Fund or PIMCO |
● |
Material developments involving senior management at PIMCO |
● |
Material transactions involving PIMCO (e.g., resulting in a change in control or ownership) |
● |
The amount and/or timing of shares repurchased pursuant to a share repurchase program, including pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act or otherwise |
A-9
Policy PIMCOs Code of Ethics sets out standards of conduct to help you avoid potential conflicts of interest that may arise from your actions and your personal securities transactions. All employees must read and understand the Code. Effective Date: May 2009 Last Revision: November 2019
PIMCOs Code of Ethics (Code) contains the rules that govern your conduct and personal trading. These rules are summarized below. Please see the Code for more details (Capitalized terms are defined in the Appendix).
YOU HAVE THE FOLLOWING FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES:
● |
You have a duty to place the interests of Clients first |
● |
You must avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest |
● |
You must not take inappropriate advantage of your position at PIMCO |
● |
You must comply with all applicable Securities and Commodities Laws |
You must pre-clear and receive approval for your Personal Securities Transactions, unless an exemption is available. A Personal Securities Transaction is a very broad concept and includes transactions in Securities, Derivatives, currencies for investment purposes and commodities for investment purposes, but does not include direct transactions in Cryptocurrencies. It is your responsibility to understand the treatment of any proposed trade under the Code by checking the definitions found in Appendix I. You are encouraged to consult with a Compliance Officer if you have any question as to the status of a particular instrument under the Code.
Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions (as defined in Appendix II) that constitute Private Placements are Personal Securities Transactions that are subject to, and must be pre-cleared and receive prior approval in accordance with Section III.C of the Code.
You can pre-clear and receive approval for your trade by the following two-step process:
Step 1: To pre-clear a trade, you must input the details of the proposed trade into the Compliance Portal system (accessible through the PIMCO Intranet) and follow the instructions.
Step 2: You will receive notification as to whether your proposed trade is approved or denied. If your proposed trade is approved, the approval is valid for the day on which the approval was granted and the following business day, unless you are notified differently by a Compliance Officer. If you do not execute your transaction within the required timeframe or if the information in your request changes, you must repeat the pre-clearance process prior to undertaking the transaction.
|
Generally, certain types of transactions, such as purchases or sales of government securities, open-end mutual funds, and interval funds, do not require pre-clearance and approval. See Sections III.C.2. and III.C.3. of the Code for specific guidance.
However, Portfolio Persons are subject to more restrictive pre-clearance requirements that are specifically provided in Section III.C.2.a.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 2 |
BLACK-OUT PERIODS FOR PORTFOLIO PERSONS
Employees classified as Portfolio Persons are prohibited from executing certain transactions during black-out periods, as defined below:
● |
Purchases or sales prior to, and including, seven calendar days before a Client trade in the same Financial Instrument or any Related Financial Instrument (each as defined in Appendix I) |
● |
Purchases or sales within three calendar days following a Client trade in the same Financial Instrument or any Related Financial Instrument |
PROVISIONS THAT MAY RESTRICT YOUR PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS:
● |
When there are pending client orders in the same Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument |
● |
Initial Public Offerings (with certain exemptions for fixed income and other securities) |
● |
Private Placements and hedge funds |
● |
Investments in Allianz SE |
● |
Black-out periods in closed-end funds advised or sub-advised by PIMCO |
● |
Securities on PIMCOs Trade Restricted Securities List |
● |
Section 16 holding periods |
The Code has other requirements that may restrict your personal securities transactions in addition to those summarized above. Please review the entire Code. Remember that you can be sanctioned for failing to comply with the Code. If you have any questions, please ask a Compliance Officer.
PIMCO CODE OF ETHICS
I. |
INTRODUCTION |
This Code of Ethics (this Code) sets out standards of conduct to help PIMCOs directors, officers and employees (each, an Employee and collectively, the Employees)1 avoid potential conflicts that may arise from their actions and their Personal Securities Transactions. You must read and understand this Code. A Compliance Officer is the person responsible for administering this Code and can assist you with any questions.
II. |
YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES |
PIMCO insists on a culture that promotes honesty and high ethical standards. This Code is intended to assist Employees in meeting the high ethical standards PIMCO follows in conducting its business. The following general fiduciary principles must govern your activities:
● |
You have a duty to place the interests of Clients first |
● |
You must avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest |
● |
You must not take inappropriate advantage of your position at PIMCO |
● |
You must comply with all applicable Securities and Commodities Laws |
If you violate this Code or its associated policies and procedures PIMCO may impose disciplinary action against you, including full or partial disgorgement of profits, a reduction in discretionary compensation, censure, demotion, suspension or dismissal, or any other sanction or remedial action required or permitted by law, rule or regulation.
1 |
PIMCOs supervised persons also include certain employees of PIMCO Investments, PIMCOs affiliated broker-dealer. Additionally, employees of certain non-U.S. affiliates of PIMCO are known as Associated Persons. Associated Persons are subject to the respective Code of Ethics of the affiliate with whom they are employed. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 3 |
III. |
PERSONAL INVESTMENTS |
A. |
In General |
In general, when making personal investments you must exercise extreme care to ensure that you do not violate this Code and your fiduciary duties. You may not take inappropriate advantage of your position at PIMCO in connection with your personal investments. This Code covers the personal investments of all Employees and their Immediate Family Members (e.g., persons sharing the same household as the Employee). Therefore, you and your Immediate Family Members must conduct all your personal investments consistent with this Code.
B. |
Disgorging Short-Term Trading Profits (30 Calendar Day Rule) |
PIMCO discourages its employees from engaging in short-term trading strategies for their own accounts. Any excessive or inappropriate trading that, in PIMCOs view, interferes with job performance, or compromises the duty that PIMCO owes to its Clients, will not be tolerated. Employees must always conduct their personal trading activities lawfully, properly and responsibly.
Except as noted below, PIMCO employees shall disgorge any gains that result from executing a transaction in a Financial Instrument that requires pre-clearance under the Code (as provided in Section III.C.) and then affirmatively executing an opposite way transaction (buying and then selling at a higher price, or selling and then buying at a lower price) in the same Financial Instrument within 30 calendar days. This applies across all brokerage accounts.
For purposes of the 30 calendar day calculation, the date of the transaction is considered day one. Please note, profits are calculated differently under this rule than they would be for tax purposes. Also, it is important to know that transaction costs and potential tax liabilities will NOT be offset against the amount that must be surrendered under this rule.2
Profits from such trades must be disgorged in a manner acceptable to a Compliance Officer. Any disgorgement amount shall be calculated by the Compliance Officer or their designee(s), the calculation of which shall be binding.
See the Appendix for specific guidance on options trading with regards to pre-clearance and the 30 calendar day rule.
Note, an Option transaction with an initial expiration date within the 30 calendar days, as described above, of purchase or sale is considered to be a short-term trading strategy and is subject to the 30 Calendar Day Rule.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, disgorgement will not be required for transactions in which the gain amounts to less than $25.
The following transactions are excluded from the 30 Calendar Day Rule:
1. |
Transactions that are exempt from the pre-clearance and approval requirement as provided in Sections III.C.2. and III.C.3. of the Code (i.e., Exempt Reportable Transactions and Exempt Transactions as defined below).3 For purposes of this exclusion, although Portfolio Persons must observe the pre-clearance requirements specified in Section II.C.2.a., Portfolio Persons transactions in direct obligations of the U.S. Government or any other national government are excluded from the 30 Calendar Day Rule. |
2 |
For example, if a purchase is considered to be made on day one, calendar day 31 is the first day a sale of the same Financial Instrument may be made without having to disgorge any gains (assuming there were no additional purchases of the same Financial Instrument during that time period). You may sell the same Financial Instrument at a loss within 30 calendar days (subject to pre-clearance approval, where applicable). |
3 |
For the avoidance of doubt, transactions that are exempt from reporting requirements but subject to the pre-clearance and approval requirements as provided in Section III.C.4 of the Code, remain subject to the 30 Calendar Day Rule. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 4 |
2. |
Transactions that roll forward Options or Futures; that is, the simultaneous closing and opening of Options or Futures solely in order to extend the expiration or maturity of the initial position to the month immediately following such expiration or maturity, but that otherwise maintains the economic features (e.g., size and strike price) of the position (when a transaction is rolled forward the transaction date for purposes of calculating compliance with the 30 Calendar Day Rule will be the date of the initial purchase and not the date of the roll forward transaction). |
Note: Notwithstanding the exclusion from the 30 Calendar Day Rule, transactions that roll forward Options or Futures positions are still subject to the applicable pre-clearance requirements of the Code.
3. |
Transactions in cash-equivalent ETFs provided permission is obtained from Compliance in advance. |
Prior to transacting, all Employees must represent in their pre-clearance request that the transaction is not in contravention of the 30 Calendar Day Rule.
|
C. |
Pre-clearance and Approval of Personal Securities Transactions |
You must pre-clear and receive prior approval for all your Personal Securities Transactions unless your Personal Securities Transaction is subject to an exemption under this Code.
The Pre-clearance and Approval Process described below applies to all Employees and their Immediate Family Members.
1. |
Pre-clearance and Approval Process |
Pre-clearance and approval of Personal Securities Transactions helps PIMCO prevent certain investments that may conflict with Client trading activities or other regulatory requirements. Except as provided in Sections III.C.2. and III.C.3. below, you must pre-clear and receive prior approval for all Personal Securities Transactions by following the two-step pre-clearance and approval process:
The Pre-clearance and Approval Process is a two-step process:
Step 1: To pre-clear a trade, you must input the details of the proposed trade into the Compliance Portal system (accessible through the PIMCO Intranet) and follow the instructions. See Sections III.C.2. and III.C.3. for certain transactions that do not require pre-clearance and approval.
Step 2: You will receive notification as to whether your proposed trade is approved or denied. If your proposed trade is approved, the approval is valid for the day on which the approval was granted and the following business day, unless you are notified differently by a Compliance Officer. If you do not execute your transaction within the required timeframe or if the information in your pre-clearance request changes, you must repeat the pre-clearance process prior to undertaking the transaction.
Note: If you place a Good-until-Canceled (GTC) or Limit Order and the order is not fully executed or filled by the end of the following business day (midnight local time), you must repeat the pre-clearance process.
|
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 5 |
2. |
Transactions Excluded from the Pre-clearance and Approval Requirement (but still subject to the Reporting Requirements) |
Except as otherwise provided below, you are not required to pre-clear and receive prior approval for the following Personal Securities Transactions, although you are still responsible for complying with the reporting requirements of Section V. of this Code for these transactions (each, an Exempt Reportable Transaction):
a. |
Purchases4 or sales of direct obligations of the U.S. Government or any other national government (unless such obligations of other national governments are subject to Section III.C.4 below), however, if you are a Portfolio Person, as defined in the Code, you are required to pre-clear and receive prior approval for purchases and sales of direct obligations of the U.S. Government or any other national government except as set forth in Section III.C.3.f. below; |
b. |
The acquisition or disposition of a Financial Instrument as the result of a stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, merger, consolidation, spin-off or other similar corporate distribution or reorganization applicable to such holders of a class of Financial Instrument or, with respect to Financial Instruments except Futures, a non-volitional assignment or call pursuant to an options contract (Voluntary corporate actions require pre-clearance); |
c. |
Transactions in open-end mutual funds or interval funds (including those held through a variable insurance product account) managed or sub-advised by PIMCO or an Allianz affiliated entity (i.e., funds managed or sub-advised by PIMCO or an Allianz affiliated entity must be reported but do not need to be pre-cleared). Similarly, direct investments in open-end mutual funds or interval funds managed or sub-advised by PIMCO or an Allianz affiliated entity that are held within a qualified tuition program sponsored by a state, state agency or educational institution and authorized by Internal Revenue Code Section 529 (also known as a 529 Plan) must be reported but do not need to be pre-cleared. Further, investments in an Allianz 529 Plan must also be reported, even if such account does not hold PIMCO or Allianz affiliated funds. The Compliance department has access to information on your holdings in PIMCO private funds and open-end mutual funds in your PIMCO/Allianz 401(k). However, your PCRA, deferred compensation plans, Fund Invest and Allianz Employee Stock Purchase Plan must be reported to Compliance; |
d. |
Transactions in any Non-Discretionary Account (i) over which neither you nor an Immediate Family Member exercises investment discretion; (ii) have no notice of specific transactions prior to execution; or (iii) otherwise have no direct or indirect influence or control. You must still report the account, including the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which you have an account. You must contact the Compliance Officer if you have this type of account; |
e. |
Transactions pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan, including the Allianz Employee Stock Purchase Plan, except that any transaction overriding the Automatic Investment Plans predetermined schedule and allocation must be pre-cleared and approved. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an employee may make adjustments to the future percentage investment allocations in the Allianz employee stock purchase plan without pre-clearance (Employee/Immediate Family Member directed sales are subject to pre-clearance); and |
f. |
Transactions in accounts held on automated asset allocation platforms over which neither you nor an Immediate Family Member exercises any investment discretion, including with respect to the Financial Instruments involved in such transactions and the allocation percentages utilized within the asset allocation platform. You must contact the Compliance Officer if you have this type of account. |
It is important to remember that transactions in Closed-End Funds and ETFs are subject to the pre-clearance and blackout period requirements.
|
4 |
See Section III.C.3.f. for certain additional exemptions. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 6 |
3. |
Transactions Excluded from the Pre-clearance and Approval Requirement and Reporting Requirements |
All Personal Securities Transactions by Employees must be reported under the Code with a few limited exceptions set forth below. The following Personal Securities Transactions are exempt from the pre-clearance, approval, and reporting requirements provided in Sections III.C and V. of the Code (each, an Exempt Transaction):
a. |
Purchases or sales of bank certificates of deposit (CDs), bankers acceptances, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments (with an original maturity of less than one year), including repurchase agreements; |
b. |
Purchases which are made by reinvesting dividends (cash or in-kind) on a Financial Instrument including reinvestments pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan; |
c. |
Purchases/sales of physical currencies or physical commodities not for investment purposes;5 |
d. |
Purchases or sales of open-end mutual funds or interval funds (including those held through a variable insurance product direct account or a 529 Plan account) that are not managed or sub-advised by PIMCO or an Allianz affiliated entity (i.e., openend mutual funds and interval funds are not required to be reported unless the fund is managed or sub-advised by PIMCO or an Allianz affiliated entity). Transactions in such unaffiliated open-end funds and interval funds do not need to be pre-cleared; |
e. |
Purchases or sales of unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end mutual funds that are not advised or sub-advised by PIMCO or an Allianz affiliated entity; and |
f. |
Purchases of direct obligations of the U.S. Government where such transactions are effected via non-competitive bid or of U.S. savings bonds through the U.S. Department of the Treasurys TreasuryDirect system. |
4. |
Transactions Excluded from the Reporting Requirements (but still subject to the Pre-clearance and Approval Requirements) |
Certain investments similar to U.S. savings bonds that are issued by a non-U.S. government may be exempt from the reporting requirement as reasonably determined by a Compliance Officer. A Personal Securities Transaction in a direct obligation of a non-U.S. government (including agencies of such other governments) must be precleared if a Compliance Officer determines to exempt the transaction from the reporting requirement, as described in this Section III.C.4. Contact Personal Trade Surveillance or your local Compliance Officer prior to any such investment for guidance on the requirements applicable to these investments.
D. |
Additional Requirements Applicable to Portfolio Persons |
If you are a Portfolio Person6 with respect to a Client transaction, you are subject to the blackout periods listed below. Note that transactions that do not require pre-clearance under Sections III.C.2. and III.C.3. of the Code are not subject to these blackout periods.7 Regardless of whether you are required to pre-clear your trade, you must not take inappropriate advantage of your position as a Portfolio Person in violation of the Code.
1. |
Purchases and sales seven calendar days prior to a Client trade |
5 |
For the avoidance of doubt, direct purchases/sales of Cryptocurrencies are not Personal Securities Transactions (as defined in Appendix I) and thus are not subject to the pre-clearance and reporting requirements. However, Derivatives on and indirect investments in Cryptocurrencies are Personal Securities Transactions and are subject to the pre-clearance and reporting requirements. |
6 |
See Appendix I for the definition of Portfolio Person. Generally, a Portfolio Person with respect to a Client trade includes the generalist portfolio manager for the Client account, the specialist portfolio manager or trading assistant with respect to the transactions in that account attributable to that specialist or trading assistant, any research analyst that played a role in researching or recommending a particular Financial Instrument, and members of portfolio risk management. |
7 |
For the avoidance of doubt, Pre-Cleared Non-Reportable Transactions, as provided in Section III.C.4 of the Code, remain subject to the blackout periods. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 7 |
A Portfolio Person may not transact in a Financial Instrument prior to, and including, seven calendar days before transacting in the same Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument for a Client. Similarly, a Portfolio Person may not transact in a Financial Instrument prior to, and including, seven calendar days if the Portfolio Person knows of another Portfolio Persons intention to transact in the same Financial Instrument for a Client. Thus, if you personally transact within seven calendar days (inclusive) of a Client trade in the same or Related Financial Instrument, your personal securities transaction will be considered a violation of the Code of Ethics unless the Client trade was directed by someone else without your knowledge or you disclose to Compliance that you are aware of a pending firm trade, and a Compliance Officer approves your personal securities transaction outside of the Compliance Portal.
Specific conditions for research analysts
A research analyst may not transact in the same Financial Instrument, any other Financial Instrument issued by the same issuer or a Related Financial Instrument that such research analyst is analyzing for a Client (whether such analysis was requested by another person or was undertaken on the research analysts own initiative). Such prohibition remains in effect until the research analyst is notified in writing that the Financial Instrument has been selected or rejected for purchase or sale for a Client account or until the research analyst obtains permission to transact in the same Financial Instrument, any other Financial Instrument issued by the same issuer or a Related Financial Instrument from a senior supervisor and a Compliance Officer.
2. |
Purchases and sales within three calendar days following a Client trade |
A Portfolio Person may not transact in a Financial Instrument within three calendar days after (i) transacting in the same Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument for a Client; or (ii) a Clients transaction in the same Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument if the Portfolio Person knows that another Portfolio Person has transacted in such Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument for a Client.
3. |
Specific provisions for Real Estate Portfolio Persons with respect to PIMCO advised private funds that invest in real estate8 |
Real Estate Portfolio Persons must report Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions9 and pre-clear and receive prior approval of certain Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions.
Please refer to Appendix II for a discussion of the pre-clearance and reporting requirements for Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions.
Please note that Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions that constitute Private Placements are Personal Securities Transactions and must be pre-cleared and receive prior approval in accordance with Section III.C of the Code.
Prior to transacting, Portfolio Persons must represent in their pre-clearance request that they are not aware of any pending trades or proposed trades in the next seven calendar days in the same Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument for any Client. Please consider the timing of your personal trades carefully.
|
8 |
For purposes of this clause 3 and Appendix II, the term Financial Instrument as it applies to Personal Securities Transactions of Portfolio Persons shall include Real Estate Investment Transactions. |
9 |
See Appendix II for definition of Real Estate Portfolio Person and Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 8 |
E. |
Provisions that May Restrict Your Trading |
If your Personal Securities Transaction falls within one of the following categories, it will generally be denied by the Compliance Officer. It is your responsibility to initially determine if any of the following categories apply to your situation or transaction:
1. |
Pending Orders |
If the gross aggregate market value exposure of your transaction in the Financial Instrument requiring pre-clearance over a 30 calendar day period across all your Personal Securities Accounts exceeds $25,000 and (i) the Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument has been purchased or sold by a Client on that day; or (ii) there is a pending Client order in the Financial Instrument or a Related Financial Instrument, then you CANNOT trade the Financial Instrument or any Related Financial Instrument on the same day and your pre-clearance request will be denied. This prohibition is in addition to any other requirements or prohibitions in this Code that may be applicable (e.g., under III.D. Additional Requirements Applicable to Portfolio Persons).
As a general matter, transactions up to $250,000 per day in common stock publicly issued by an issuer, and options thereon, included in the Standard & Poors 500 Index (S&P 500® Index) will be permitted (subject to any other applicable requirements of the Code, such as the pre-clearance and blackout period requirements). Note, with respect to an option transaction, exposure is measured by the underlying notional value of the option.
Transactions that roll forward Futures contracts or Options on Futures contracts may be approved. Such a roll is considered to be the simultaneous closing and opening of Futures or Options on Futures solely to extend the expiration or maturity of the previous position to the next available contract period immediately following such expiration or maturity, but that otherwise maintains the same economic features (e.g., size and strike price) of the position.
2. |
Initial Public Offerings, Private Placements and Investments in Hedge Funds |
As a general matter, you should expect that most pre-clearance requests involving Initial Public Offerings (except for fixed-income, preferred, business development companies, registered investment companies, commodity pools and convertible securities offerings) will be denied. Proposed transactions in Initial Public Offerings, private placements, or hedge funds will be reviewed by the Compliance Officer and subject to a number of criteria, including whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for Clients.
3. |
Allianz SE Investments |
You may not trade in shares of Allianz SE during any designated blackout period. In general, the trading windows end six weeks prior to the release of Allianz SE annual financial statements and two weeks prior to the release of Allianz SE quarterly results. This restriction applies to the exercise of cash-settled options or any kind of rights granted under compensation or incentive programs that completely or in part refer to Allianz SE. Allianz SE blackout dates are communicated to employees and are posted on the employee trading center. A list of such blackout periods is accessible through the PIMCO Intranet.
4. |
Blackout Period in any Closed End Fund Advised or Sub-Advised by PIMCO |
You may not trade any closed end fund advised or sub-advised by PIMCO during a designated blackout period. A list of such blackout periods is accessible through the PIMCO Intranet.
5. |
Trade Restricted Securities List |
The Legal and Compliance department maintains and periodically updates the Trade Restricted Securities List that contains certain securities that may not be traded by Employees. The Trade Restricted Securities List is not distributed to employees, but requests to purchase or sell any security on the Trade Restricted Securities List will be denied.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 9 |
6. |
Section 16 Holding Periods |
If you are a reporting person under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, with respect to any closed end fund advised or sub-advised by PIMCO, you are subject to a six month holding period and you must make certain filings with the SEC. It is your responsibility to determine if you are subject to Section 16 requirements and to arrange for appropriate filings. Please consult a Compliance Officer for more information.
F. |
Excessive Trading and Market Timing of Mutual Fund Shares. |
The issue of excessive trading and market timing by mutual fund shareholders is serious and not unique to PIMCO. You are subject to the terms and restrictions of an open-end mutual funds prospectus, including restrictions such fund may impose on excessive trading. You may not engage in trading of shares of an open-end mutual fund that is inconsistent with the prospectus of that fund.
G. |
Your Actions are Subject to Review by a Compliance Officer and Your Supervisor |
The Compliance Officer may undertake such investigation as he or she considers necessary to determine if your proposed trade complies with this Code, including post-trade monitoring. The Compliance Officer may impose measures intended to avoid potential conflicts of interest or to address any trading that requires additional scrutiny.
In addition to the Compliance Officer, your supervisor may, unless restricted by relevant regulations, review your personal trading activity on a periodic or more frequent basis. This individual will work with the Compliance Officer on any such reviews.
H. |
Consequences for Violations of this Code |
1. |
If determined appropriate by the General Counsel or Compliance Officer you may be subject to remedial actions (a) if you violate this Code; or (b) to protect the integrity and reputation of PIMCO even in the absence of a proven violation. Such remedial actions may include, but are not limited to, full or partial disgorgement of the profits you earned on an investment transaction, a reduction in discretionary performance compensation, censure, demotion, suspension or dismissal, or any other sanction or remedial action required or permitted by law, rule or regulation. As part of any remedial action, you may be required to reverse an investment transaction and forfeit any profit or to absorb any loss from the transaction. |
2. |
PIMCOs General Counsel or Compliance Officer shall have the authority to determine whether you have violated this Code and, if so, to impose, in consultation with an employees supervisor and other relevant parties, the remedial actions they consider appropriate or required by law, rule or regulation. In making their determination, the General Counsel or Compliance Officer, in consultation with an employees supervisor and other relevant parties, may consider, among other factors, the gravity of your violation, the frequency of your violations, whether any violation caused harm or the potential of harm to a Client, your efforts to cooperate with their investigation, and your efforts to correct any conduct that led to a violation. |
IV. |
YOUR ONGOING OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS CODE |
This Code imposes certain ongoing obligations on you. If you have any questions regarding these obligations please contact the Compliance Officer.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 10 |
A. |
Insider Trading |
The fiduciary principles of this Code and Securities and Commodities Laws prohibit you from trading while in possession of material, non-public information (MNPI) received from any source or communicating this information to others.10 If you believe you may have access to material, non-public information or are unsure about whether information is material or non-public, please consult a Compliance Officer and the PIMCO MNPI Policy. Any violation of PIMCOs MNPI Policy may result in penalties that could include termination of employment with PIMCO.
B. |
Compliance with Securities Laws |
You must comply with all applicable Securities and Commodities Laws.
C. |
Duty to Report Violations of this Code |
You are required to promptly report any violation of this Code of which you become aware, whether your own or another Employees. Reports of violations other than your own may be made anonymously and confidentially to the Compliance Officer.
D. |
Right to Communicate Directly with Governmental, Regulatory or Self-Regulatory Bodies |
This Code will not be interpreted or applied in any manner that would violate any PIMCO employees legal rights as an employee under applicable law. For example, nothing in this Code or Appendices attached hereto prohibits or in any way restricts any PIMCO employee from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to, otherwise communicating directly with, cooperating with or providing information to any governmental or regulatory body or any self-regulatory organization or making other disclosures that are protected under applicable law or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental or regulatory body or self-regulatory organization. A PIMCO employee does not need prior PIMCO authorization before taking any such action and a PIMCO employee is not required to inform PIMCO if he or she chooses to take such action.
V. |
YOUR REPORTING REQUIREMENTS |
A. |
On-Line Certification of Receipt and Quarterly Compliance Certification |
You will be required to certify your receipt of this Code. On a quarterly basis you must certify that any personal investments effected during the quarter were done in compliance with this Code. You will also be required to certify your ongoing compliance with this Code on a quarterly basis. Required certifications must be completed within 30 calendar days following the end of the quarter.
B. |
Reports of Securities Holdings |
You and your Immediate Family Members must report all your Personal Securities Accounts and all transactions in your Personal Securities Accounts unless the transaction is an Exempt Transaction. You must agree to allow your broker-dealer to provide the Compliance Officer with electronic reports of your Personal Securities Accounts and transactions and to allow the Compliance department to access all Personal Securities Account information. You will also be required to certify on a quarterly basis that you have reported all of your Personal Securities Accounts to Compliance via the personal trading system (accessible through the PIMCO Intranet). Required certifications must be completed within 30 calendar days following the end of the quarter.
1. |
Approved Brokers |
You and your Immediate Family Members must maintain your Personal Securities Accounts with an Approved Broker. The list of Approved Brokers is accessible through the PIMCO Intranet or a Compliance Officer.
10 |
As described in Section III.C.2, purchases or sales of open-end mutual funds and interval funds managed or sub-advised by PIMCO are exempt from the pre-clearance and approval process; however, the insider trading prohibition described above applies to MNPI received with respect to an open-end mutual fund or interval fund advised or sub-advised by PIMCO or its affiliates. Non-public information regarding a mutual fund or interval fund is MNPI if such information could materially impact the funds net asset value. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 11 |
If you maintain a Personal Securities Account at a broker-dealer other than at an Approved Broker, you will need to close those accounts or transfer them to an Approved Broker within a specified period of time, unless otherwise granted an exemption by a Compliance Officer. Upon opening a Personal Securities Account at an Approved Broker, Employees are required to disclose the Personal Securities Account to Compliance via the personal trading system (accessible through the PIMCO Intranet). By maintaining your Personal Securities Account with one or more of the Approved Brokers, you and your Immediate Family Members quarterly and annual trade summaries will be sent directly to the Compliance department for review.
2. |
Initial Holdings Report |
Within ten calendar days of becoming an Employee, you must submit via the personal trading system (accessible through the PIMCO Intranet) an Initial Report of Personal Securities Accounts and all holdings in Financial Instruments except Exempt Transactions. This includes all holdings in Private Placements, such as private equity and hedge fund investments. Please contact the Compliance Officer if you have not already completed this Initial Report of Personal Securities Accounts and all holdings in Financial Instruments.
3. |
Quarterly and Annual Holdings Report |
If you maintain (i) Personal Securities Accounts with broker-dealers that are not on the list of Approved Brokers, or (ii) a Beneficial Interest in Financial Instruments not held in a Personal Securities Account, please contact the Compliance Officer to arrange for providing quarterly and annual reports within 30 days following quarter end.
4. |
Changes in Your Immediate Family Members |
You must promptly notify a Compliance Officer of any change to your Immediate Family Members (e.g., as a result of a marriage, divorce, legal separation, death, adoption, movement from your household or change in dependence status) that may affect the Personal Securities Accounts for which you have reporting or other responsibilities.
VI. |
COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT RESPONSIBILITIES |
A. |
Authority to Grant Waivers of the Requirements of this Code |
The Compliance Officer, in consultation with PIMCOs General Counsel or his or her designee, has the authority to exempt any Employee or any personal investment transaction from any or all of the provisions of this Code if the Compliance Officer determines that such exemption would not be against the interests of any Client and is consistent with applicable laws and regulations, including Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. The Compliance Officer will prepare and file a written memorandum of any exemption granted, describing the circumstances and reasons for the exemption.
B. |
Annual Report to Boards of Funds that PIMCO Advises or Sub-Advises |
PIMCO will furnish a written report annually to the directors or trustees of each fund that PIMCO advises or sub-advises. Each report will describe any issues arising under this Code, or under procedures implemented by PIMCO to prevent violations of this Code, since PIMCOs last report, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of this Code, procedures and sanctions imposed in response to such material violations, and certify that PIMCO has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent its Employees from violating this Code.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 12 |
C. |
Maintenance of Records |
The Compliance Officer will keep all records maintained at PIMCOs primary office for at least two years and will otherwise keep in an easily accessible place for at least five years from the end of either the fiscal year in which the document was created or the last fiscal year during which the document was effective or in force, whichever is later. Such records include: copies of this Code and any amendments hereto, all Personal Securities Account statements and reports of Employees, a list of all Employees and persons responsible for reviewing Employees reports, copies of all pre-clearance forms, records of violations and actions taken as a result of violations, and acknowledgments, certifications and other memoranda relating to the administration of this Code.
VII. |
ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE OF PIMCO |
A. |
Approval of Activities Outside of PIMCO |
1. |
You may not engage in full-time or part-time service as an officer, director, partner, manager, member, proprietor, principal, consultant or employee of any Business Organization or Non-Profit Organization other than PIMCO, PIMCO Investments, the PIMCO Foundation, PIMCO Partners, or a fund for which PIMCO is an adviser (whether or not that business organization is publicly traded) unless you have received the prior written approval from PIMCOs General Counsel or other designated person. |
2. |
Without prior written approval, you may not provide financial advice (e.g., through service on a finance or investment committee) to a private, educational or charitable organization (other than a trust or foundation established by you or an Immediate Family Member) or enter into any agreement to be employed or to accept compensation in any form (e.g., in the form of commissions, salary, fees, bonuses, shares or contingent compensation) from any person or entity other than PIMCO or one of its affiliates. |
3. |
Certain non-compensated positions in which you would serve in a decision-making capacity (such as on a board of directors for a charity or Non-Profit Organization) must also have been reviewed or approved by PIMCOs General Counsel or other designated person. |
4. |
PIMCOs General Counsel or other designated person may approve such an outside activity if he or she determines that your service or activities outside of PIMCO would not be inconsistent with the interests of PIMCO and its Clients. Other factors that may be considered include any remuneration received or proposed to be received as part of the activity, whether the activity or expected time spent is consistent with your duties to PIMCO and its Clients, and any other factors deemed relevant. PIMCOs General Counsel or other designated person may also stipulate that approval of your participation in the outside activity is subject to specified conditions. Requests to serve on the board of a publicly traded entity will generally be denied. |
5. |
Regardless of the outcome of PIMCOs review of your participation in any proposed outside activity, you may not, directly or indirectly, publicly suggest, claim or imply that PIMCO is associated with or in any way approves the activity. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 13 |
VIII. |
TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES |
Temporary Employees that are classified as Contingent Workforce are considered Employees for purposes of this Code. The Compliance Officer may exempt such persons from any requirement hereunder if the Compliance Officer determines that such exemption would not have a material adverse effect on any Client account. It is the Temporary Employees responsibility to understand the applicability of the Code (including any exemptions) based on the specific facts and circumstances of the employees role, responsibilities and access to information.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 14 |
APPENDIX I
Glossary
The following definitions apply to the capitalized terms used in this Code:
Approved Broker means a broker-dealer approved by the Compliance Officer. The list of Approved Brokers for each PIMCO location is accessible through the PIMCO Intranet or can be obtained from the Compliance Officer.
Associated Persons means an employee of PIMCO LLCs non-U.S. affiliates. Associated Persons are subject to the respective Code of Ethics of the non-U.S. affiliate with whom they are employed, which are, in relevant part, substantially the same as this Code. Associated Persons are subject to the oversight and supervision of PIMCO LLC.
Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
Beneficial Interest means when a person has or shares direct or indirect pecuniary interest in accounts or in reportable Financial Instruments. Pecuniary interest means that a person has the ability to profit, directly or indirectly, or share in any profit from a transaction. Indirect pecuniary interest extends to, unless specifically excepted by a Compliance Officer, an interest in a Financial Instrument held by: (1) a joint account to which you are a party; (2) a partnership in which you are a general partner; (3) a partnership in which you or an Immediate Family Member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which Financial Instrument you or an Immediate Family Member has investment discretion; (4) a limited liability company in which you are a managing member; (5) a limited liability company in which you or an Immediate Family Member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which Financial Instrument you or an Immediate Family Member has investment discretion; (6) a trust in which you or an Immediate Family Member has a vested interest or serves as a trustee with investment discretion; (7) a closely-held corporation in which you or an Immediate Family Member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which Financial Instrument you or an Immediate Family Member has investment discretion; or (8) any account (including retirement, pension, deferred compensation or similar account) in which you or an Immediate Family has a substantial economic interest. A pecuniary interest (thus, Beneficial Interest) may arise with respect to any Financial Instrument including without limitation those (such as private equity and hedge fund investments) obtained through Private Placements.
Business Organization means an entity formed for the purpose of carrying on a commercial enterprise and/or to achieve certain commercial goals. It may take the form a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, corporation or other structure.
Client means any person or entity to which PIMCO provides investment advisory services.
Contingent Workforce means individuals subject to provisional work agreements which may include temporary contract workers, independent contractors or independent consultants.
Cryptocurrency means any virtual or digital representation of value, token or other asset in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of such assets and to verify the transfer of assets, which is not a Security or otherwise characterized as a security under the relevant law.
Derivative means (1) any Futures (as defined below); and (2) a forward contract, a swap, a cap, a collar, a floor and an over-the-counter option (other than an option on a foreign currency, an option on a basket of currencies, an option on a Security or an option on an index of Securities, which are included in the definition of Security). Questions regarding whether a particular instrument or transaction is a Derivative for purposes of this policy should be directed to the Compliance Officer or his or her designee. For avoidance of doubt, a derivative on a Cryptocurrency is considered to be a Derivative for purposes of the Code.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 15 |
Financial Instrument means a Security, Derivative, commodity or currency as investment, but does not include Cryptocurrencies. For the avoidance of doubt, futures contracts on Cryptocurrencies are Financial Instruments for purposes of the Code.
Futures means a futures contract and an option on a futures contract traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. board of trade, such as the Chicago Board of Trade or the London International Financial Futures Exchange.
Immediate Family Member of an Employee means: (1) any of the following persons sharing the same household with the Employee (which does not include temporary house guests): a persons child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, legal guardian, adoptive relative, or domestic partner; (2) any person sharing the same household with the Employee (which does not include temporary house guests)that holds an account in which the Employee is a joint owner or listed as a beneficiary; or (3) any person sharing the same household with the Employee in which the Employee contributes to the maintenance of the household and material financial support of such person.
Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Non-Discretionary Account means any account managed by a broker dealer, futures commission merchant, or trustee as to which neither the Employee nor an Immediate Family Member: (1) exercises investment discretion; (2) receives notice of specific transactions prior to execution; and (3) has direct or indirect influence or control over the account.
Non-Profit Organization means an organization (generally tax-exempt) that serves the public interest. In general, the purpose of this type of organization must be charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view.
Personal Securities Account means (1) any account (including any custody account, safekeeping account, retirement account such as an IRA or 401(k) plan, and any account maintained by an entity that may act as a broker or principal) in which an Employee has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest, including Personal Securities Accounts and trusts for the benefit of such persons; and (2) any account maintained for a financial dependent. Thus, the term Personal Securities Accounts also includes, among others:
(i) |
Trusts for which the Employee acts as trustee, executor or custodian; |
(ii) |
Accounts of or for the benefit of a person who receives financial support from the Employee; |
(iii) |
Accounts of or for the benefit of an Immediate Family Member; and |
(iv) |
Accounts in which the Employee is a joint owner or has trading authority. |
For the avoidance of doubt, the term Personal Securities Account does not include: (1) an account on the U.S. Department of the Treasurys TreasuryDirect system, so long as the securities purchased through and/or held in such account may only be, or were, purchased through a non-competitive bid process; or (2) any account with direct holdings of Cryptocurrencies. For avoidance of doubt, an account that holds Derivatives on Cryptocurrencies would constitute a Personal Securities Account for purposes of the Code, and is subject to the requirements of Section V.B above.
Personal Securities Transaction means transactions in Securities (whether publicly offered or a Private Placement), Derivatives, currencies for investment purposes and commodities for investment purposes, but does not include direct transactions in a Cryptocurrency. For the avoidance of doubt, Personal Securities Transaction includes Derivatives on a Cryptocurrency.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 16 |
PIMCO means Pacific Investment Management Company LLC.
PIMCO Investments means PIMCO Investments LLC.
Portfolio Person means an Employee, including a portfolio manager with respect to an account, who: (1) provides information or advice with respect to the purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument, such as a research analyst; or (2) helps execute a portfolio managers investment decisions. Members of Portfolio Risk Management, and Economists are also considered to be Portfolio Persons. Generally, a Portfolio Person with respect to a Client trade includes the generalist portfolio manager for the Client, the specialist portfolio manager or trading assistant with respect to the transactions in that account attributable to that specialist or trading assistant, and any research analyst that played a role in researching or recommending a particular Financial Instrument.
Private Placement means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to SEC Rules 504, 505 or 506 under the Securities Act of 1933, including hedge funds or private equity funds or similar laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions.
Related Financial Instrument means any Derivative directly tied to the same underlying Financial Instrument, including, but not limited to, any swap, option or warrant to purchase or sell that same underlying Financial Instrument, and any Derivative convertible into or exchangeable for that same underlying Financial Instrument. For example, the purchase and exercise of an option to acquire a Security is subject to the same restrictions that would apply to the purchase of the Security itself.
Securities and Commodities Laws means the securities and/or commodities laws of any jurisdiction applicable to any Employee, including for any employee located in the U.S. or employed by PIMCO, the following laws: Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds, broker-dealers and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Commodity Exchange Act, any rules adopted by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission under this statute, and applicable rules adopted by the National Futures Association.
Security means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, security-based swap, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract (e.g., investment in a business), voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security, (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or in general, any interest of instrument commonly known as a security, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing.
Compliance Portal means PIMCOs proprietary employee trading pre-clearance system.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 17 |
APPENDIX II
PIMCO-advised private funds and accounts make investments in real estate.
Real Estate Portfolio Persons must generally pre-clear and receive prior approval from the Compliance Officer for Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions like other Personal Securities Transactions.
Real Estate Portfolio Person means a Portfolio Person, or any other Employee designated by a Compliance Officer, with respect to PIMCO advised private funds that executes Real Estate Investment Transactions.
Real Estate Investment Transactions means transactions involving real estate (such as, without limitation, purchases, sales, financings or other forms of investments in office, multifamily, retail, commercial, industrial or hospitality properties or interest in real estate services or service providers), either directly or through investments in funds (other than registered investment companies or publicly traded Securities that are otherwise subject to the Code of Ethics), joint ventures, partnerships, limited liability companies, mortgage or mezzanine loans or other Securities (other than publicly traded Securities that are otherwise subject to the Code of Ethics).
Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions means Real Estate Investment Transactions for investment purposes.
Indirect investments (e.g., real estate funds or partnerships) may also be subject to pre-clearance as Private Placements under the Code of Ethics. Like other types of personal investments, you are required to report Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions on a quarterly basis.
Notwithstanding the above:
|
Transactions involving residential properties owned for personal use (such as a primary residence or a vacation home), as well as loans, advances or gifts to Immediate Family Members to assist in their purchase or maintenance of such properties, are not subject to pre-clearance or the reporting requirements. |
|
Transactions involving one- to four-unit residential properties purchased for investment purposes are not subject to pre-clearance, so long as such transaction would not (i) constitute a Security (e.g., an interest in an entity of which you are not the general partner, managing member or equivalent), or (ii) violate any of your responsibilities under the Code of Ethics. Such transactions are subject to the reporting requirements, however. |
Trades of Securities or instruments that are identified by a ticker, CUSIP, ISIN or Sedol must be pre-cleared using Compliance Portal (accessible through the PIMCO Intranet).
The Code of Ethics requires you to avoid conflicts of interest related to personal investments, including Personal Real Estate Investment Transactions. You are expected to avoid any investment, interest or association which interferes or might interfere with your independent exercise of judgment in the best interest of PIMCO and its Clients, including funds advised by PIMCO. Disclosure of personal or other circumstances constituting a conflict of interest should be reported to the Compliance Officer.
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 18 |
APPENDIX III
See the below for specific guidance on options trading with regards to pre-clearance and the 30 calendar day rule.
Option Trading | Pre-clearance Required |
Subject to Short Term Trading Rule (30 Calendar Day Rule)
|
||
Buying/Selling an Option |
Yes |
Yes The same options contract bought and sold, or sold and bought within 30 calendar days is subject to the 30 calendar day rule
|
||
Involuntary Option Assignment/Exercise of Existing Options Position |
No Purchase or sale of underlying security |
No The acquisition/disposition of a security resulting from an existing option position via an involuntary assignment/exercise is not subject to the 30 calendar day rule
|
||
Directing an Option Exercise of Existing Options Position |
Yes To exercise an option, the purchase or sale of the underlying security must be pre-cleared before directing the execution |
Yes After the receipt or disposal of the underlying security due to a directed option exercise, employees are prohibited from executing an opposite way transaction in the underlying security for 30 calendar days |
||
Rolling an Option on a Future11 |
Yes Pre-clearance of both transactions is required to roll the option |
No The same option on a futures contract bought and sold, or sold and bought within 30 days is not subject to the 30 day rule |
||
Rolling an Option on All Other Underlying Securities |
Yes Pre-clearance of both transactions is required to roll the option |
Yes Other options are not allowed to roll within 30 calendar days (i.e., they are subject to the 30 calendar day rule) |
11 |
For the avoidance of doubt, futures are allowed to be rolled within 30 calendar days. |
CODE OF ETHICS | November 2019 | 19 |
Code of Ethics Pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Principal Executive and Senior Financial Officers
PIMCO Funds
PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust (PVIT)
PIMCO ETF Trust (ETF)
PIMCO Equity Series (PES)
PIMCO Equity Series VIT (PESVIT)
PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust
PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds
PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds1
I. |
Covered Officers/Purpose of the Code |
This Code of Ethics (this Code) pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been adopted by the Funds and, except as provided in Section VI below, applies to each Funds Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer (the Covered Persons). Each Covered Person is identified in Exhibit A.)
This Code has been adopted for the purpose of promoting:
● |
honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; |
● |
full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a Fund files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and in other public communications made by a Fund; |
● |
compliance with applicable laws and governmental rules and regulations; |
● |
the prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and |
● |
accountability for adherence to the Code. |
Each Covered Person should adhere to a high standard of business ethics and should be sensitive to situations that may give rise to conflicts of interest or the appearance thereof.
1 |
The listed entities which are open-end investment companies are known as the Trusts, the listed entities which are publicly-traded closed-end investment companies are known as the Closed-End Funds, and the listed entities which are closed-end investment companies operating as interval funds under Rule 23c-3 of the 1940 Act are known as the Interval Funds. The Trusts respective series, the Closed-End Funds, and the Interval Funds are referred to herein as the Funds. References to Trustees include Directors, as applicable. |
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
II. |
Covered Persons Should Handle Ethically Any Actual or Apparent Conflicts of Interest |
Overview. A conflict of interest occurs when a Covered Persons private interest interferes with the interests of, or his service to, the relevant Fund. For example, a conflict of interest would arise if a Covered Person, or a member of the Covered Persons family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of the Covered Persons position with the relevant Fund.
Certain conflicts of interest arise out of the relationships between Covered Persons and the relevant Fund and already are subject to conflict of interest provisions and procedures in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (including the regulations thereunder, the 1940 Act) and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (including the regulations thereunder, the Investment Advisers Act) and other applicable laws. Indeed, conflicts of interest are endemic for registered management investment companies and those conflicts are both substantially and procedurally dealt with under the 1940 Act. For example, Covered Persons may not engage in certain transactions with a Fund because of their status as affiliated persons of such Fund. The compliance program of each Fund and the compliance programs of its investment adviser, principal underwriter (with respect to the Trusts) and administrator (each a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider and, collectively, the PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers2) are reasonably designed to prevent, or identify and correct, violations of many of those provisions, although they are not designed to provide absolute assurance as to those matters. This Code does not, and is not intended to, repeat or replace these programs and procedures, and such conflicts fall outside of the parameters of this Code. See also Section V of this Code.
Although typically not presenting an opportunity for improper personal benefit, conflicts arise from, or as a result of, the contractual relationship between a Fund and its applicable PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers of which the Covered Persons are also officers or employees. As a result, this Code recognizes that the Covered Persons will, in the normal course of their duties (whether for the Funds or for a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider, or for both), be involved in establishing policies and implementing decisions that will have different effects on the PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers and the Funds. The participation of the Covered Persons in such activities is inherent in the contractual relationships between the Funds and their applicable PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers and is consistent with the performance by the Covered Persons of their duties as officers of the relevant Fund. Thus, if performed in conformity with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Investment Advisers Act, other applicable law and the relevant Funds constitutional documents, such activities will be deemed to have been handled ethically. Frequently, the 1940 Act establishes, as a mechanism for dealing with conflicts, requirements that such potential conflicts be disclosed to and approved by the Trustees of a Fund who are not interested persons of such Fund under the 1940 Act. In addition, it is recognized by each Funds Board of Trustees that the Covered Persons may also be officers or employees of one or more other investment companies covered by this or other codes and that such service, by itself, does not give rise to a conflict of interest.
2 |
Each PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider is identified in Exhibit B. |
2
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
Other conflicts of interest are covered by the Code, even if such conflicts of interest are not the subject of provisions of the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act. The following list provides examples of conflicts of interest under the Code, but Covered Persons should bear in mind that these examples are not exhaustive. The overarching principle is that the personal interest of a Covered Person should not be placed improperly before the interest of the relevant Fund, unless the personal interest is disclosed to and reviewed by other officers of such Fund or such Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).
* * * *
Each Covered Person must not:
● |
use his personal influence or personal relationships to improperly influence investment decisions or financial reporting by the relevant Fund whereby the Covered Person would benefit personally to the detriment of such Fund; |
● |
cause the relevant Fund to take action, or fail to take action, for the individual personal benefit of the Covered Person rather than the benefit of such Fund; or |
● |
retaliate against any other Covered Person or any employee of the Funds or their PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers for reports of potential violations that are made in good faith. |
There are some conflict of interest situations that should always be submitted for review by the President of the relevant Fund (or, with respect to activities of the President, by the Chairman of the relevant Fund or, if the same person holds the titles of President and Chairman, by the Funds CCO). These conflict of interest situations are listed below:
● |
service on the board of directors or governing board of a publicly traded entity; |
● |
knowing acceptance of any investment opportunity or of any material gift or gratuity from any person or entity that does business, or desires to do business, with the relevant Fund. For these purposes, material gifts do not include (i) gifts from a single giver so long as their aggregate annual value does not exceed the equivalent of $100.00; (ii) attending business meals, business related conferences, sporting events and other entertainment events at the expense of a giver, so long as the expense is reasonable3 and both the Covered Person and the giver are present4; or (iii) gifts or meals/conferences/events received from the Covered Persons employer; |
3 Whether an entertainment expense is reasonable will vary depending on the circumstances. For example, under proposed FINRA (NASD) guidance (Proposed IM 3060, SEC Release No. 34-55765, May 15, 2007), generally, a business entertainment event that is so lavish or extensive in nature that an attendee would likely feel compelled to direct business to the sponsor of the event, or a business entertainment event that is intended or designed to cause, or would be reasonably judged to have the likely effect of causing the attendee to act in a manner that is inconsistent with the best interests of a Fund would be unreasonable per se.
4 In the event a Covered Person is a registered representative of the Funds principal underwriter, the aggregate annual gift value from a single giver shall not exceed $100.00 as required by the rules of FINRA. However, PIMCO employees and PIMCO Investments LLC registered representatives are subject to the respective firms internal policies on accepting gifts and entertainment and must abide by the limitations imposed by such policies.
3
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
● |
any ownership interest in, or any consulting or employment relationship with, any entities doing business with the relevant Fund, other than a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider or an affiliate of a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider.5 This restriction shall not apply to or otherwise limit the ownership of publicly traded securities of such entities doing business with the relevant Fund so long as the Covered Persons ownership does not exceed more than 2% of the outstanding securities of the relevant class; or |
● |
knowingly have a direct or indirect financial interest in commissions, transaction charges or spreads paid by the relevant Fund for effecting portfolio transactions or for selling or redeeming shares of a Fund other than an interest arising from the Covered Persons employment. This restriction shall not apply to or otherwise limit the direct or indirect ownership of publicly traded securities of any such company so long as the Covered Persons ownership does not exceed more than 2% of the particular class of security outstanding. |
III. |
Disclosure and Compliance |
● |
No Covered Person should knowingly misrepresent, or cause others to misrepresent, facts about the relevant Fund to others, whether within or outside such Fund, including to such Funds Board of Trustees and auditors, and to governmental regulators and self-regulatory organizations; |
● |
each Covered Person should, to the extent appropriate within his area of responsibility, consult with other officers and employees of the Funds, applicable PIMCO Affiliated Service Providers, other service providers, or with counsel to the Funds with the goal of promoting full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the registration statements or periodic reports that the Funds file with, or submit to, the SEC (which, for sake of clarity, does not include any sales literature, omitting prospectuses, or tombstone advertising prepared by the relevant Funds principal underwriter(s)); and |
● |
it is the responsibility of each Covered Person to promote compliance with the standards and restrictions imposed by applicable laws, rules and regulations. |
5 For purposes of the Code, an affiliate of a Service Provider is (a) any natural person or entity directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding with power to vote, 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Service Provider; (b) any natural person or entity 5% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned by, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the Service Provider; (c) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, the Service Provider; or (d) any officer, director, partner, copartner, or employee of the Service Provider.
4
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
IV. |
Reporting and Accountability |
Each Covered Person must:
● |
upon adoption of the Code (or thereafter as applicable, upon becoming a Covered Person), affirm in writing to the relevant Fund that he has received, read, and understood the Code; |
● |
annually thereafter affirm to the relevant Fund that he has complied with the requirements of the Code by completing the Annual Certification of Compliance attached hereto as Exhibit C; |
● |
provide full and fair responses to all questions asked in any Trustee and Officer Questionnaire provided by the relevant Fund as well as with respect to any supplemental request for information; and |
● |
notify the President of the relevant Fund promptly if he or she is convinced to a moral certainty that there has been a material violation of this Code (with respect to violations by a President, the Covered Person shall report to the Chairman of the relevant Fund or, if the same person holds the titles of President and Chairman, to the Funds CCO). |
The President of each Fund is responsible for applying this Code to specific situations in which questions are presented under it and, in consultation with the Funds CCO, has the authority to interpret this Code in any particular situation. However, any reviews sought by the President will be considered by the Chairman of the relevant Fund or, if the same person holds the titles of President and Chairman, by the Funds CCO.
The Funds will follow these procedures in investigating and enforcing this Code:
● |
the President will take all appropriate action to investigate any potential material violations reported to him, which actions may include the use of internal or external counsel, accountants or other personnel; |
● |
if, after such investigation, the President believes that no material violation has occurred, the President is not required to take any further action; |
● |
any matter that the President believes is a material violation will be reported to the applicable Funds CCO; |
● |
if the CCO concurs that a material violation has occurred, it will inform and make a recommendation to the Funds Board of Trustees, which will consider appropriate action, which may include review of, and appropriate modifications to applicable policies and procedures; notification to appropriate personnel of a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider or its board; or a recommendation to dismiss the Covered Person; and |
5
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
A Funds CCO or Board of Trustees may grant waivers under this Code, as each deems appropriate.
V. |
Public Disclosure of Changes and Waivers |
Any changes to this Code will, to the extent required by the SECs rules, be disclosed on the Funds website or in the Funds N-CSR. Any waivers under this Code relating to a Covered Person will, to the extent required by the SECs rules, be disclosed on the Funds website or in the Funds N-CSR.
VI. |
Other Policies and Procedures |
This Code shall be the sole code of ethics adopted by the Funds for purposes of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and forms applicable to registered investment companies thereunder. Insofar as other policies or procedures of the Funds or the Funds PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers govern or purport to govern the behavior or activities of the Covered Persons who are subject to this Code, they are superseded by this Code to the extent that they conflict with the provisions of this Code. The Funds and their PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and the PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers more detailed compliance policies and procedures are separate requirements applying to the Covered Persons and others, and are not part of this Code.
This Code will not be interpreted or applied in any manner that would violate the legal rights of any Covered Person as an employee under applicable law. For example, nothing in this Code or the Exhibits attached hereto prohibits or in any way restricts any Covered Person from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to, otherwise communicating directly with, cooperating with or providing information to any governmental or regulatory body or any self-regulatory organization or making other disclosures that are protected under applicable law or regulations of the SEC or any other governmental or regulatory body or self-regulatory organization. A Covered Person does not need prior authorization of PIMCO, a Fund or a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider before taking any such action and is not required to inform PIMCO, a Fund or a PIMCO-Affiliated Service Provider if he or she chooses to take such action.
VII. |
Amendments |
Any material amendments to this Code must be approved or ratified by a majority vote of the Board of Trustees.
VIII. |
Confidentiality |
All reports and records prepared or maintained pursuant to this Code will be considered confidential and shall be maintained and protected accordingly. Except as otherwise required by law or this Code, such matters shall not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted by the Board of Trustees.
6
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
IX. |
Internal Use |
The Code is intended solely for the internal use by the Funds and does not constitute an admission, by or on behalf of any Fund, as to any fact, circumstance, or legal conclusion.
7
Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics
History of Amendments
History of adoptions and amendments:
Adopted: | September 29, 2004 | |
Effective: | October 5, 2004 | |
Amended: | April 1, 2005 | |
Amended: | May 24, 2005 | |
Amended: | February 24, 2009 (added ETF) | |
Amended: | March 31, 2009 | |
Amended: | August 11, 2009 | |
Amended: | March 30, 2010 (added PES and PESVIT) | |
Amended: | March 1, 2011 | |
Amended: | February 27, 2013 | |
Amended: | November 7, 2013 (non-material changes) | |
Amended: | February 26, 2014 (non-material changes) | |
Amended: | August 14, 2014 (added PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust and PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds) | |
Amended: | January 17, 2015 | |
Amended: | December 14, 2016 (added PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds) | |
Amended: | February 15, 2017 (Open-End Funds Boards); March 23, 2017 (Approved by PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, PIMO Sponsored Closed-End Funds and PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds) | |
Amended: | May 28, 2019 (updated Exhibit A for PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, PIMO Sponsored Closed-End Funds and PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds) | |
Amended: | June 15, 2019 (updated Exhibit A for OEF/ETF) |
8
Exhibit A
Persons Covered by this Code of Ethics
Trust
|
Principal Executive Officer
|
Principal Financial Officer
|
Principal Accounting Officer
|
|||
PIMCO Funds
|
Eric D. Johnson
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
|||
PVIT
|
Eric D. Johnson
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
|||
ETF
|
Eric D. Johnson
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
|||
PES
|
Eric D. Johnson
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
|||
PESVIT
|
Eric D. Johnson
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
Bradley A. Todd
|
|||
PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust |
Eric D. Johnson |
Bradley A. Todd |
Bradley A. Todd |
|||
PIMCO Sponsored Closed-End Funds |
Eric D. Johnson |
Bradley A. Todd |
Bradley A. Todd |
|||
PIMCO Sponsored Interval Funds |
Eric D. Johnson |
Bradley A. Todd |
Bradley A. Todd |
Note that a listed officer is only a Covered Person of the Fund(s) for which he or she serves as a Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer or Principal Accounting Officer.
A-1
Exhibit B
PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers*
Investment Adviser
|
Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO)
|
|
Principal Underwriter** |
PIMCO Investments LLC
|
|
Administrator***
|
PIMCO
|
* None of the PIMCO-Affiliated Service Providers are publicly traded companies.
** PIMCO Investments LLC does not serve as the principal underwriter for the Closed-End Funds.
*** Each Fund retains PIMCO to provide administrative services, either under separate administration agreements or under their advisory or management agreements.
B-1
Exhibit C
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE
I hereby certify that I have complied with the requirements of the Code of Ethics Pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Principal Executive and Senior Financial Officers (the Code) for the year ended December 31, ___. I also agree to cooperate fully with any investigation or inquiry as to whether a possible violation of the foregoing Code has occurred.
Date: |
_____________________________________ |
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Signature |
C-1
FORM OF PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT1
(To Prospectus dated [ ])
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and
Mortgage Income Fund
Up to $[ ] Common Shares
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the "Fund") has entered into a sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with [ ] ("[ ]") relating to its common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.00001 per share ("Common Shares") offered by this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Fund may offer and sell its Common Shares having an aggregate offering value of up to [ ], from time to time through [ ] as its agent for the offer and sales of the Common Shares. Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), the Fund may not sell any Common Shares at a price below the current net asset value of such common shares, exclusive of any distributing commission or discount. The Fund seeks current income as a primary objective and capital appreciation as a secondary objective.
The Fund's outstanding Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "PCI," as will be the Common Shares offered in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus, subject to notice of issuance. The last reported sale price for the Common Shares on [ ] was $[ ] per share. The net asset value of the Common Shares at the close of business on [ ] was $[ ] per share.
Sales of the Common Shares, if any, under this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be "at the market" as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), including sales made directly on the NYSE or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange at prices related to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
[ ] will be entitled to compensation of up to 1.00% of the gross proceeds with respect to sales of the Common Shares actually effected by [ ] under the Sales Agreement. In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on our behalf, [ ] may be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the 1933 Act and the compensation of [ ] may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts.
[ ] is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of Common Shares, but will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Common Shares offered by this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus. There is no arrangement for Common Shares to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
You should review the information set forth under "Prospectus Supplement Summary - Risks" on page [ ] of this Prospectus Supplement and "Principal Risks of the Fund" on page [ ] of the accompanying Prospectus before investing in the Common Shares.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") nor the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") have approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Prospectus Supplement dated [ ]
You should read this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus before deciding whether to invest in the Common Shares and retain them for future reference. The Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus contain important information about the Fund. Material that has been incorporated by reference and other information about us can be obtained from us by calling toll free (844) 33-PIMCO (844-337-4626) or by writing to the Fund at c/o Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information and most recent annual and semiannual reports are available, free of charge, on the Fund's website (http://www.pimco.com). You can obtain the same information, free of charge, from the SEC's website (http://www.sec.gov).
1 This document is a form of Prospectus Supplement for an "at the market" offering. In addition to the sections outlined in this form of Prospectus Supplement, each Prospectus Supplement actually used in connection with an offering conducted pursuant to the registration statement to which this form of Prospectus Supplement is attached will be updated to include such other information as may then be required to be disclosed therein pursuant to applicable law or regulation as in effect as of the date of each such Prospectus Supplement, including, without limitation, information particular to the terms of each security offered thereby and any related risk factors or tax considerations pertaining thereto. This form of Prospectus Supplement is intended only to provide a rough approximation of the nature and type of disclosure that may appear in any actual Prospectus Supplement used for the purposes of offering securities pursuant to the registration statement to which this form of Prospectus Supplement is attached, and is not intended to and does not contain all of the information that would appear is any such actual Prospectus Supplement, and should not be used or relied upon in connection with any offer or sale of securities.
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1 |
Table of Contents
Prospectus Supplement
About this Prospectus Supplement |
[ ] |
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements |
[ ] |
Prospectus Supplement Summary |
[ ] |
Summary of Fund Expenses |
[ ] |
Use of Proceeds |
[ ] |
Capitalization |
[ ] |
Market and Net Asset Value Information |
[ ] |
Plan of Distribution |
[ ] |
Legal Matters |
[ ] |
Additional Information |
[ ] |
Prospectus
Prospectus Summary |
[ ] |
Summary of Fund Expenses |
[ ] |
Financial Highlights |
[ ] |
Use of Proceeds |
[ ] |
The Fund |
[ ] |
Investment Objectives and Policies |
[ ] |
Portfolio Contents |
[ ] |
Use of Leverage |
[ ] |
Principal Risks of the Fund |
[ ] |
How the Fund Manages Risk |
[ ] |
Management of the Fund |
[ ] |
Net Asset Value |
[ ] |
Distributions |
[ ] |
Dividend Reinvestment Plan |
[ ] |
Description of Capital Structure |
[ ] |
Plan of Distribution |
[ ] |
Market and Net Asset Value Information |
[ ] |
Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust |
[ ] |
Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund |
[ ] |
Tax Matters |
[ ] |
Shareholder Servicing Agent, Custodian and Transfer Agent |
[ ] |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
[ ] |
Legal Matters |
[ ] |
Table of Contents for the Statement of Additional Information |
[ ] |
Appendix A–Description of Securities Ratings |
[ ] |
2 |
SUPPLEMENT | [ ] |
About this Prospectus Supplement
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus. The Fund has not, and [ ] has not, authorized anyone to provide you with inconsistent information. If anyone provides you with inconsistent information, you should not assume that the Fund or [ ] has authorized or verified it. The Fund is not, and [ ] is not, making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front hereof or thereof. The Fund's business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
This document has two parts. The first part is this Prospectus Supplement, which describes the terms of this offering of Common Shares and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying Prospectus. The second part is the accompanying Prospectus, which gives more general information and disclosure. To the extent the information contained in this Prospectus Supplement differs from or is additional to the information contained in the accompanying Prospectus, you should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus Supplement. You should read this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus before investing in the Common Shares.
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Prospectus and the Fund's Statement of Additional Information, including documents incorporated by reference, contain "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements can be identified by the words "may," "will," "intend," "expect," "estimate," "continue," "plan," "anticipate," and similar terms and the negative of such terms. By their nature, all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Several factors that could materially affect the Fund's actual results are the performance of the portfolio of securities held by the Fund, the conditions in the U.S. and international financial and other markets, the price at which the Fund's Common Shares will trade in the public markets and other factors discussed in the Fund's periodic filings with the SEC.
Although the Fund believes that the expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. The Fund's future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed in the "Principal Risks of the Fund" section of the accompanying Prospectus. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement or the accompanying Prospectus are made as of the date of this Prospectus Supplement or the accompanying Prospectus, as the case may be. Except for the Fund's ongoing obligations under the federal securities laws, the Fund does not intend, and the Fund undertakes no obligation, to update any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements contained in this Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Prospectus and the Fund's Statement of Additional Information are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by section 27A of the 1933 Act.
Currently known risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Fund's expectations include, but are not limited to, the factors described in the "Principal Risks of the Fund" section of the accompanying Prospectus. The Fund urges you to review carefully those sections for a more detailed discussion of the risks of an investment in our securities.
Prospectus Supplement
Summary
This is only a summary. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Fund's common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.00001 per share (the "Common Shares"). You should review the more detailed information contained in this Prospectus Supplement and in the accompanying Prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information, especially the information set forth under the heading "Principal Risks of the Fund" beginning on page [ ] of the accompanying Prospectus.
The Fund
PIMCO Dynamic Credit and Mortgage Income Fund (the "Fund") is a diversified, closed-end management investment company that commenced operations on January 31, 2013, following the initial public offering of its Common Shares.
The Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "PCI." As of [ ], the net assets of the Fund attributable to Common Shares were $[ ] and the Fund had outstanding [ ] Common Shares. The last reported sale price of the Common Shares, as reported by the NYSE on [ ], was $[ ] per Common Share. The net asset value of the Common Shares at the close of business on [ ], was $[ ] per Common Share. See "Description of Capital Structure" in the accompanying Prospectus.
Investment Objectives
The Fund seeks current income as a primary objective and capital appreciation as a secondary objective.
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Investment Strategy
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by utilizing a dynamic asset allocation strategy among multiple fixed income sectors in the global credit markets, including corporate debt (including, among other things, fixed-, variable- and floating-rate bonds, bank loans, convertible securities and stressed debt securities issued by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) corporations or other business entities, including emerging market issuers), mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, government and sovereign debt, taxable municipal bonds and other fixed-, variable- and floating-rate income-producing securities of U.S. and foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers. The Fund may invest in investment grade debt securities and below investment grade debt securities (commonly referred to as "high yield" securities or "junk bonds"), including securities of stressed and distressed issuers. The types of securities and instruments in which the Fund may invest are summarized under "Portfolio Contents" in the accompanying Prospectus.
Risks
Investment in the Fund's Common Shares involves substantial risks arising from, among other strategies, the Fund's ability to invest in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") or below BBB- by either S&P Global Ratings, a division of The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. ("S&P") or Fitch, Inc. ("Fitch")) or unrated but determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality, the Fund's exposure to foreign and emerging markets securities and currencies and to mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, and the Fund's use of leverage. Debt securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as "high yield" securities or "junk bonds." The Fund's exposure to foreign securities and currencies, and particularly to emerging markets securities and currencies, involves special risks, including foreign currency risk and the risk that the securities may decline in response to unfavorable political and legal developments, unreliable or untimely information or economic and financial instability. Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are subject to extension and prepayment risk and often have complicated structures that make them difficult to value. Because of the risks associated with
investing in high yield securities, foreign and emerging market securities (and related exposure to foreign currencies) and mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, and
using leverage, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.
Before investing in the Common Shares, you should read the discussion of the principal risks of investing in the Fund in "Principal Risks of the Fund" in the accompanying Prospectus. Certain of these risks are summarized in "Prospectus Summary—Principal Risks of the Fund" in the accompanying Prospectus. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives, and you could lose all of your investment in the Fund.
Investment Manager
Pacific Investment Management Company LLC ("PIMCO" or the "Investment Manager") serves as the investment manager of the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the "Board"), PIMCO is responsible for managing the investment activities of the Fund and the Fund's business affairs and other administrative matters. Dan Ivascyn, Mark R. Kiesel, Alfred T. Murata and Elizabeth O. MacLean are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. The Investment Manager receives an annual fee from the Fund, payable monthly, in an amount equal to 1.15% of the Fund's average daily total managed assets. Total managed assets includes the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to any reverse repurchase agreements, borrowings and preferred shares that may be outstanding) minus accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings). For purposes of calculating total managed assets, the Fund's derivative investments will be valued based on their market value.
PIMCO is located at 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA, 92660. Organized in 1971, PIMCO provides investment management and advisory services to private accounts of institutional and individual clients and to registered investment companies. PIMCO is a majority-owned indirect subsidiary of Allianz SE, a publicly traded European insurance and financial services company. As of [ ], PIMCO had approximately $[ ] in assets under management.
The Offering
The Fund and the Investment Manager have entered into the Sales Agreement with [ ] relating to the Common Shares offered by this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Fund may offer and sell its Common Shares having an aggregate offering value of up to $[ ], through [ ] as its agent for the offer and sale of the Common Shares.
The Fund's outstanding Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol "PCI," as will be the Common Shares offered in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus, subject to notice of issuance. The last reported sale price for the Common Shares, as reported by the NYSE on [ ], was $[ ] per share.
Sales of the Common Shares, if any, under this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be "at the market" as defined in Rule 415 under the 1933 Act, including sales made directly on the NYSE or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange at prices related to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. See "Plan of Distribution" in this Prospectus Supplement. The Common Shares may not be sold through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery or deemed delivery of a
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SUPPLEMENT | [ ] |
prospectus and a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of the Fund's securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not sell any Common Shares at a price below the current net asset value of such Common Shares, exclusive of any distributing commission or discount.
Use of Proceeds
The net proceeds of this offering will be invested in accordance with the Fund's investment objectives and policies as set forth in the accompanying Prospectus. It is currently anticipated that the Fund will be able to invest substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering in accordance with its investment objectives and policies within approximately 30 days of receipt by the Fund, depending on the amount and timing of proceeds available to the Fund as well as the availability of investments consistent with the Fund's investment objectives and policies, and except to the extent proceeds are held in cash to pay dividends or expenses or for temporary defensive purposes. See "Use of Proceeds" in this Prospectus Supplement.
Summary of Fund
Expenses
The following table is intended to assist investors in understanding the fees and expenses (annualized) that an investor in Common Shares of the Fund would bear, directly or indirectly, as a result of an offering. The table reflects the use of leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements in an amount equal to [ ]% of the Fund's total managed assets (including assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements), which reflects approximately the percentage of the Fund's total managed assets attributable to such leverage as of [ ], and shows Fund expenses as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares. The percentage above does not reflect the Fund's use of other forms of economic leverage, such as credit default swaps or other derivative instruments. The table and example below are based on the Fund's capital structure as of [ ]. The extent of the Fund's assets attributable to leverage following an offering, and the Fund's associated expenses, are likely to vary (perhaps significantly) from these assumptions.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
Sales load (as a percentage of offering price) |
1.00%(1) |
Offering Expenses Borne by Common Shareholders (as a percentage of offering price) |
[ ]% |
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees |
None(2) |
1 Represents the maximum commission with respect to the Common Shares being sold in this offering that the Fund may pay to [ ] in connection with sales of Common Shares effected by [ ] in this offering. This is the only sales load to be paid in connection with this offering. There is no guarantee that there will be any sales of Common Shares pursuant to this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus. Actual sales of Common Shares under this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus, if any, may be less than as set forth in this table. In addition, the price per share of any such sale may be greater or less than the price set forth in this table, depending on the market price of the Common Shares at the time of any such sale.
2 You will pay brokerage charges if you direct your broker or the plan agent to sell your Common Shares that you acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan. You may also pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection with open-market purchases pursuant to the Fund's Dividend Reinvestment Plan. See "Dividend Reinvestment Plan" in the accompanying Prospectus.
Annual Expenses
|
Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares (reflecting leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements) |
Management Fees(1) |
[ ]% |
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds(2) |
[ ]% |
Other Expenses(3) |
[ ]% |
Total Annual Expenses |
[ ]% |
1 Management Fees include fees payable to the Investment Manager for advisory services and for supervisory, administrative and other services. The Fund pays for the advisory, supervisory and administrative services it requires under what is essentially an all-in fee structure (the "unified management fee"). Pursuant to an investment management agreement, PIMCO is paid a Management Fee of [ ]% of the Fund's average daily total managed assets. The Fund (and not PIMCO) will be responsible for certain fees and expenses, which are reflected in the table above, that are not covered by the unified management fee under the investment management agreement. Please see "Management of the Fund –Investment Manager" in the accompanying Prospectus for an explanation of the unified management fee and definition of "total managed assets."
2 Reflects the Fund's use of leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements as of [ ], which represented [ ]% of the Fund's total managed assets including assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements) as of that date, at an estimated annual interest rate cost to the Fund of [ ]%, which is based on market conditions as of [ ]. See "Use of Leverage—Effects of Leverage" in the accompanying Prospectus. The actual amount of interest expense borne by the Fund will vary over time in accordance with the level of the Fund's use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or borrowings and variations in market interest rates. Borrowing expense is required to be treated as an expense of the Fund for accounting purposes. Any associated income or gains (or losses) realized from leverage obtained through such instruments is not reflected in the Annual Expenses table above, but would be reflected in the Fund's performance results.
3 Other expenses are estimated for the Fund's current fiscal year ending [ ].
Example
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Common Shares of the Fund (including an assumed total sales load or commission of 1.00%) and the other estimated costs of this offering to be borne by the holders of Common Shares of [ ]%), assuming (1) that the
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5 |
Fund's net assets do not increase or decrease, (2) that the Fund incurs total annual expenses of [ ]% of net assets attributable to Common Shares in years 1 through 10 (assuming assets attributable to reverse repurchase agreements representing [ ]% of the Fund's total managed assets) and (3) a 5% annual return (1):
|
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
Total Expenses Incurred |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
1 The example above should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be higher or lower than those shown. The example above should not be considered a representation of future expenses, Actual expenses may be higher or lower than those shown. The example assumes that the estimated Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds and Other Expenses set forth in the Annual Expenses table are accurate, that the rate listed under Total Annual Expenses remains the same each year and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund's actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% annual return shown in the example.
Use of Proceeds
The net proceeds of this offering will be invested in accordance with the Fund's investment objectives and policies as set forth in the accompanying Prospectus. It is currently anticipated that the Fund will be able to invest substantially all of the net proceeds in accordance with its investment objectives and policies within approximately 30 days of receipt by the Fund, depending on the amount and timing of proceeds available to the Fund as well as the availability of investments consistent with the Fund's investment objectives and policies, and except to the extent proceeds are held in cash to pay dividends or expenses or for temporary defensive purposes. Pending such investment, it is anticipated that the proceeds of this offering will be invested in high grade, short-term securities, credit-linked trust certificates, and/or high yield securities, index futures contracts or similar derivative instruments designed to give the Fund exposure to the securities and markets in which it intends to invest while PIMCO selects specific investments.
Capitalization
[To be updated by subsequent amendment]
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SUPPLEMENT | [ ] |
Market and Net Asset Value Information
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the high and low closing market prices of the Fund's Common Shares on the NYSE, the high and low net asset value ("NAV") per Common Share and the high and low premium/discount to NAV per Common Share. See "Net Asset Value" in the accompanying Prospectus for information as to how the Fund's NAV is determined.
The Fund's NAV per Common share at the close of business on [ ] was $[ ] and the last reported sale price of a Common Share on the NYSE on that day was $[ ], representing a [ ]% premium to such NAV. As of [ ], the net assets of the Fund attributable to Common Shares were $[ ] and the Fund had outstanding [ ] Common Shares.
|
Common share
|
Common share
|
Premium (discount) as
|
|||
Quarter |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
Quarter ended September 30, 2019 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended June 30, 2019 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended March 30, 2019 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended December, 31, 2018 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ]) |
Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended June 30, 2018 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended March 31, 2018 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended December 31, 2017 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended September 30, 2017 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended June 30, 2017 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended March 31, 2017 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended December 31, 2016 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
Quarter ended September 30, 2016 |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
[ ] |
1 Such prices reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
Plan of Distribution
[To be updated by subsequent amendment]
Legal Matters
Certain legal matters will be passed on for the Fund by [ ].
Additional Information
This Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus constitute part of a Registration Statement filed by the Fund with the SEC under the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act. This Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus omit certain of the information contained in the Registration Statement, and reference is hereby made to the Registration Statement and related exhibits for further information with respect to the Fund and the Common Shares offered hereby. Any statements contained herein concerning the provisions of any document are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or otherwise filed with the SEC. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference. The complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed by its rules and regulations or free of charge through the SEC's website (http://www.sec.gov).
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