As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2020
1933 Act File No. 333-225399
1940 Act File No. 811-21212
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form N-2
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
☒ | |
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 |
☒ |
|
Post-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ | |
and/or | ||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
☒ | |
Amendment No. 14 | ☒ |
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code)
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code): (800) 257-8787
Gifford R. Zimmerman
Vice President and Secretary
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Name and Address (Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code) of Agent for Service
Copies to:
Thomas S. Harman
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, LLP
1111 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20004
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box. ☒
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
☒ |
When declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Title of Securities
Being Registered |
Amount Being
Registered |
Proposed
Maximum Offering Price Per Unit(1) |
Proposed
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1) |
Amount of
Registration Fee(2) |
||||||||||||
Common Shares, $0.01 par value | 4,100,000 | $ | 15.80 | $ | 64,780,000 | $ | 8,408.44 |
(1) |
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933 based on the average of the high and low sales prices of the shares of beneficial interest on March 9, 2020, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. |
(2) |
$6,967.64 of which was previously paid. |
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
PROSPECTUS
4.1 Million Shares
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality
Municipal Income Fund
Common Shares
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Funds investment objectives are (i) to provide current income exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax and (ii) to enhance portfolio value relative to the municipal bond market by investing in tax-exempt municipal securities that Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (Nuveen Fund Advisors), the Funds investment adviser, and/or Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management), the Funds sub-adviser, believes are underrated or undervalued or that represent municipal market sectors that are undervalued. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives.
Investing in the Funds common shares (Common Shares) involves certain risks that are described in the Risk Factors section of this Prospectus (the Prospectus), including the specific risks relating to the Funds use of leverage.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
You should read this Prospectus, which contains important information about the Fund, before deciding whether to invest and retain it for future reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated [ ], 2020 (the SAI) containing additional information about the Fund has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus. You may request a free copy of the SAI, the table of contents of which is on the last page of this Prospectus, annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and other information about the Fund, and make shareholder inquiries by calling (800) 257-8787, by writing to the Fund or from the Funds website (http://www.nuveen.com). The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Funds website is not part of this Prospectus. You also may obtain a copy of the SAI (and other information regarding the Fund) from the SECs website (http://www.sec.gov).
The Funds Common Shares do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other governmental agency.
Portfolio Contents. As a fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Assets (as defined herein) in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from federal and California income taxes.
As a non-fundamental policy that may be changed by the Funds Board of Trustees without shareholder notice, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest 100% of its Managed Assets (as defined herein) in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase. As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board of Trustees upon 60 days notice to shareholders, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Assets (as defined herein) in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase.
As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board of Trustees, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in municipal investment grade securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the
time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. No more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- or that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest in distressed securities. The Fund may not invest in the securities of an issuer which, at the time of investment, is in default on its obligations to pay principal or interest thereon when due or that is involved in a bankruptcy proceeding (i.e., rated below C-, at the time of investment); provided, however, that Nuveen Asset Management may determine that it is in the best interest of shareholders in pursuing a workout arrangement with issuers of defaulted securities to make loans to the defaulted issuer or another party, or purchase a debt, equity or other interest from the defaulted issuer or another party, or take other related or similar steps involving the investment of additional monies, but only if that issuers securities are already held by the Fund. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds.
Use of Leverage. The Fund uses leverage to pursue its investment objectives. The Fund may source leverage through a number of methods, including the issuance of preferred shares of beneficial interest, investments in inverse floating rate securities, entering into reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings (subject to certain investment restrictions). The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. The Fund may also use certain derivatives that have the economic effect of leverage by creating additional investment exposure. Currently, the Fund employs leverage through its investments in inverse floating rate securities, its outstanding Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, and its outstanding MuniFund Preferred Shares.
Adviser and Sub-Adviser. Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for determining the Funds overall investment strategies and their implementation. Nuveen Asset Management, LLC is the Funds investment sub-adviser and oversees the day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. The Fund pays Nuveen Fund Advisors a management fee (which in turn pays Nuveen Asset Management a portion of its fee) based on a percentage of Managed Assets, which includes the proceeds realized from the Funds use of leverage. As a result, Nuveen Fund Advisors may have a conflict of interest in determining whether to use or increase leverage.
The minimum price on any day at which Common Shares may be sold will not be less than the current net asset value (NAV) per share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities, LLC (Nuveen Securities). The Fund and Nuveen Securities will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price. The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to this Prospectus describing such transactions. For information on how Common Shares may be sold, see the Plan of Distribution section of this Prospectus.
Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE). The trading or ticker symbol of the Fund is NKX. The Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020 was $15.76.
The date of this Prospectus is [ ], 2020
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the SEC, paper copies of the Funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds website (www.nuveen.com), and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by enrolling at www.nuveen.com/client-access.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Fund, you can call 800-257-8787 (select option # 2) to let the Fund know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports or you can set your delivery preference by logging into your Investor Center account at www.computershare.com/investor and click on Communication Preferences. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held in your account if you invest through your financial intermediary or all funds held with the fund complex if you invest directly with the Fund.
1 | ||||
25 | ||||
27 | ||||
30 | ||||
30 | ||||
31 | ||||
31 | ||||
48 | ||||
51 | ||||
69 | ||||
71 | ||||
72 | ||||
73 | ||||
74 | ||||
76 | ||||
78 | ||||
79 | ||||
81 | ||||
83 | ||||
83 | ||||
83 | ||||
84 | ||||
85 | ||||
Appendix A: Factors Affecting Municipal Securities in California |
A-1 |
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The Fund is not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this Prospectus. The Fund will update this Prospectus to reflect any material changes to the disclosures herein.
This is only a summary. You should review the more detailed information contained elsewhere in this Prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information (the SAI).
The Fund |
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. See The Fund. The Funds common shares, $0.01 par value (Common Shares), are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) under the symbol NKX. See Description of Common Shares. As of January 31, 2020, the Fund had 47,520,334 Common Shares outstanding, 2,922 of Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (referred to herein as VRDP Shares), 1,404 of MuniFund Preferred Shares (referred to herein as MFP Shares), and net assets (total assets less liabilities) applicable to Common Shares of $801,425,032. |
Investment Objectives and Policies |
The Funds investment objectives are (i) to provide current income exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax and (ii) to enhance portfolio value relative to the municipal bond market by investing in tax-exempt municipal securities that the Funds investment adviser, Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (Nuveen Fund Advisors or the Adviser), and/or sub-adviser, Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management), believes are underrated or undervalued or that represent municipal market sectors that are undervalued. |
As a fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Assets (as defined below), in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from federal and California income taxes. |
As a non-fundamental policy that may be changed by the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board) without shareholder notice, under normal market circumstances, the Fund will invest 100% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase. As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board upon 60 days notice to the shareholders, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase. |
As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in investment grade municipal securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSROs) or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. |
1
Additionally, as a non-fundamental policy, the Fund:
|
may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. |
|
may invest up to 10% of its Funds Managed Assets in municipal securities rated below B3/B- or that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. |
|
may invest in distressed securities but may not invest in the securities of an issuer which, at the time of investment, is in default on its obligations to pay principal or interest thereon when due or that is involved in a bankruptcy proceeding (i.e., rated below C-, at the time of investment); provided, however, that Nuveen Asset Management may determine that it is in the best interest of shareholders in pursuing a workout arrangement with issuers of defaulted securities to make loans to the defaulted issuer or another party, or purchase a debt, equity or other interest from the defaulted issuer or another party, or take other related or similar steps involving the investment of additional monies, but only if that issuers securities are already held by the Fund. |
|
may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (often referred to as ETFs)) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. |
|
may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. |
The Fund may invest in various municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, other municipal securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax (as used in this document, the term municipal securities refers to all such investments collectively). Municipal securities are often issued by state and local governmental entities to finance or refinance public projects, such as roads, schools, and water supply systems. Municipal securities also may be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned transportation, electric utility and pollution control projects. Municipal securities may be issued on a long-term basis to provide long-term financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments, and mortgage payments. Municipal securities also may be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt. The Fund may |
2
purchase municipal securities in the form of bonds, notes, leases or certificates of participation; structured as callable or non-callable; with payment forms that include fixed coupon, variable rate, zero coupon, capital appreciation bonds, tender option bonds, and inverse floating rate securities. Such municipal securities also may be acquired through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships, or other investment companies. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal Securities for additional information on the types of municipal securities in which the Fund may invest. |
The Fund will generally invest in municipal securities with intermediate or long-term maturities. Generally, the Fund is expected to have an average effective maturity of 15 to 30 years. The average effective maturity of securities held by the Fund may be shortened or lengthened, depending on market conditions. As of January 31, 2020, the effective maturity of the Funds portfolio was 22.49 years. |
A security is considered investment grade quality if it is rated within the four highest grades by at least one of the NRSROs that rate such security, or if it is unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. |
As of January 31, 2020, approximately 85% of the Funds Managed Assets were invested in municipal securities rated investment grade by an NRSRO (including S&P Global Ratings (S&P), Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch)). The relative percentages of the value of the investments attributable to investment grade municipal securities and to below investment grade municipal securities could change over time as a result of rebalancing the Funds assets by Nuveen Asset Management, market value fluctuations, issuance of additional shares and other events. |
The Fund may invest in tobacco settlement bonds. Tobacco settlement bonds are municipal securities that are secured or payable solely from the collateralization of the proceeds from class action or other litigation against the tobacco industry. Investments in tobacco settlement bonds are subject to risks. See RisksPortfolio Level RisksTobacco Settlement Bond Risk below.
The Fund also may invest in certain derivative instruments in pursuit of its investment objectives. Such instruments may include financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts, or other derivative instruments. Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of strategies may generate taxable income. As of December 31, 2019, the Fund was not invested in any derivatives. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesDerivatives. |
Assets means net assets of the Fund plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund, minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than Fund liabilities incurred for the express purpose of creating leverage). Total assets for this |
3
purpose shall include assets attributable to the Funds use of leverage (whether or not those assets are reflected in the Funds financial statements for purposes of generally accepted accounting principles), and derivatives will be valued at their market value. |
During temporary defensive periods or in order to help keep the Funds assets fully invested, including during the period when the net proceeds of the offering of Common Shares are first being invested, the Fund may deviate from its investment policies and objectives. During such periods the Fund may invest up to 100% of its net assets in short-term investments including high quality, short-term debt securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. There can be no assurance that such strategies will be successful. For a more complete discussion of the Funds portfolio composition, see The Funds Investments and Risk Factors. |
There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. See The Funds InvestmentsInvestment Objectives and Policies. |
Investment Adviser |
Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for overseeing the Funds overall investment strategy and implementation. Nuveen Fund Advisors offers advisory and investment management services to a broad range of investment company clients. Nuveen Fund Advisors has overall responsibility for management of the Fund, oversees the management of the Funds portfolio, manages the Funds business affairs and provides certain clerical, bookkeeping and other administrative services. Nuveen Fund Advisors is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. Nuveen Fund Advisors is a subsidiary of Nuveen, LLC (Nuveen), the investment management arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA). TIAA is a life insurance company founded in 1918 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is the companion organization of College Retirement Equities Fund. As of December 31, 2019, Nuveen managed approximately $1.061 trillion in assets, of which approximately $158.3 billion was managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors. |
Sub-Adviser |
Nuveen Asset Management, LLC serves as the Funds sub-adviser and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nuveen Fund Advisors. Nuveen Asset Management is a registered investment adviser. Nuveen Asset Management oversees the day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. |
Nuveen Securities, LLC (Nuveen Securities), a registered broker-dealer affiliate of Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management, is involved in the offering of the Funds Common Shares. See Plan of Distribution- Distribution Through At-The-Market Transactions. |
Use of Leverage |
The Fund uses leverage to pursue its investment objectives. The Fund may use leverage to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). The Fund may source leverage through a number of methods including the issuance of preferred shares of beneficial interest (Preferred Shares), investments in inverse floating rate securities, entering into reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings (subject to certain investment restrictions). The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. The Fund may also use certain derivatives that have the economic effect of leverage by creating |
4
additional investment exposure. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesInverse Floating Rate Securities; Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk; Risk FactorsReverse Repurchase Agreements; and Investment Restrictions in the SAI. |
The Fund currently employs leverage primarily through its outstanding VRDP Shares and MFP Shares, both Preferred Shares. For the six months ended August 31, 2019, the average liquidation value of the VRDP Shares outstanding was $292,200,000 and the average annual dividend rate on the VRDP Shares was 1.59%. For the six months ended August 31, 2019, the average liquidation value of the MFP Shares outstanding was $140,400,000 and the average annual dividend rate on the MFP Shares was 1.87%. For the period January 1, 2020 through January 31, 2020, the Funds annualized cost of leverage through preferred shares and through investments in inverse floating rate securities was approximately 1.76%. As of January 31, 2020, the Funds leverage through preferred shares and through investments in inverse floating rate securities was approximately 37% of its Managed Assets. |
The Fund may also borrow for temporary purposes permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund, along with certain other funds managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors (the Participating Funds), are party to a committed unsecured credit facility (the Facility) provided by a group of lenders, under which Participating Funds may borrow for temporary purposes only. Outstanding balances drawn by the Fund, or any other Participating Fund, will bear interest at a variable rate and is the liability of such Fund. The Facility is not intended for sustained levered investment purposes. A large portion of the Facilitys capacity (and corresponding annual costs, excluding interest cost) is currently allocated by Nuveen Fund Advisors to a small number of Participating Funds, which does not include the Fund. The Facility has a 364-day term and will expire in June 2020 unless extended or renewed. |
The Fund may reduce or increase leverage based upon changes in market conditions and anticipates that its leverage ratio will vary from time to time based upon variations in the value of the Funds holdings. So long as the net rate of income received on the Funds investments exceeds the then current expense on any leverage, leverage will generate more net income than if the Fund had not used leverage. If so, the excess net income will be available to pay higher distributions to common shareholders (Common Shareholders). However, if the rate of net income received from the Funds portfolio investments is less than the then current expense on outstanding leverage, the Fund may be required to utilize other Fund assets to make expense payments on outstanding leverage, which may result in a decline in Common Share net asset value (NAV) and reduced net investment income available for distribution to Common Shareholders. |
The Fund pays a management fee to Nuveen Fund Advisors (which in turn pays a portion of such fee to Nuveen Asset Management) based on a percentage of Managed Assets. Managed Assets include the proceeds realized and managed from the Funds use of most types of leverage (excluding the leverage exposure attributable to the use of futures, swaps and similar derivatives). Because Managed Assets include the Funds net assets as well as assets that are attributable to the Funds investment of the proceeds of its leverage (including instruments like inverse floating rate securities and reverse repurchase agreements), it is anticipated that the |
5
Funds Managed Assets will be greater than its net assets. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management will be responsible for using leverage to pursue the Funds investment objectives. Nuveen Fund Advisors will base its decision regarding whether and how much leverage to use for the Fund, and the terms of that leverage, on its assessment of whether such use of leverage is in the best interests of the Fund. However, a decision to employ or increase leverage will have the effect, all other things being equal, of increasing Managed Assets, and in turn Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Managements management fees. Thus, Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management may have a conflict of interest in determining whether the Fund should use or increase leverage. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management will seek to manage that potential conflict by using leverage only when it determines that it would be in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders, and by periodically reviewing with the Board the Funds performance, the Funds degree of overall use of leverage and the impact of the use of leverage on that performance. |
The use of leverage creates additional risks for Common Shareholders, including increased variability of the Funds NAV, net income and distributions in relation to market changes. See Use of Leverage and Risk FactorsLeverage Risk. There is no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that the Funds use of leverage will work as planned or achieve its goals. |
Offering Methods |
The Fund may offer shares using one or more of the following methods: (i) at-the-market transactions through one or more broker-dealers that have entered into a selected dealer agreement with Nuveen Securities, one of the Funds underwriters; (ii) through an underwriting syndicate; and (iii) through privately negotiated transactions between the Fund and specific investors. See Plan of Distribution. |
Distribution Through At-the-Market Transactions. The Fund, from time to time, may issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities, to certain broker-dealers that have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities. Currently, Nuveen Securities has entered into a dealer agreement with UBS Securities LLC (UBS) pursuant to which UBS will be acting as Nuveen Securities sub-placement agent with respect to at-the-market offerings of Common Shares. Common Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by the Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS. Common Shares will be sold at prevailing market prices through the National Market System, subject to a minimum price to be established each day by Nuveen Securities. The minimum price on any day will not be less than the current NAV per share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities. The Fund and Nuveen Securities will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price. |
The Fund will compensate Nuveen Securities with respect to sales of the Common Shares at a commission rate of up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. Nuveen Securities will compensate sub-placement agents or other broker-dealers participating in the offering at a rate of up to 0.8% of the gross sales proceeds of the sale of Common Shares sold by that sub-placement agent or other broker-dealer. |
6
Settlements of Common Share sales will occur on the second business day following the date of sale. In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on behalf of the Fund, Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and the compensation of Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. Unless otherwise indicated in a further Prospectus supplement, Nuveen Securities will act as underwriter on a reasonable efforts basis. |
The offering of Common Shares pursuant to the Distribution Agreement (defined under Plan of DistributionDistribution Through At-The-Market Transactions) will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Common Shares subject thereto or (ii) termination of the Distribution Agreement. The Fund and Nuveen Securities each have the right to terminate the Distribution Agreement in its discretion at any time. See Plan of DistributionDistribution Through At-The-Market Transactions. The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to this Prospectus describing such transactions. |
UBS, its affiliates and their respective employees hold or may hold in the future, directly or indirectly, investment interests in Nuveen, Nuveen Fund Advisors, TIAA, or any of their affiliates or funds. The interests held by employees of UBS or its affiliates are not attributable to, and no investment discretion is held by, UBS or its affiliates. |
The Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020 was $15.76. |
Distribution Through Underwriting Syndicates. The Fund from time to time may issue additional Common Shares through a syndicated secondary offering. In order to limit the impact on the market price of the Funds Common Shares, underwriters will market and price the offering on an expedited basis (e.g., overnight or similarly abbreviated offering period). The Fund will launch a syndicated offering on a day, and upon terms, mutually agreed upon between the Fund, Nuveen Securities and the underwriting syndicate. |
The Fund will offer its shares at a price equal to a specified discount of up to 5% from the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. The applicable discount will be negotiated by the Fund and Nuveen Securities in consultation with the underwriting syndicate on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The Fund will compensate the underwriting syndicate out of the proceeds of the offering based upon a sales load of up to 4% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. The minimum net proceeds per share to the Fund will not be less than the greater of (i) the Funds latest NAV per Common Share or (ii) 91% of the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. See Plan of DistributionDistribution Through Underwriting Syndicates. |
Distribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions. The Fund from time to time may sell directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional and other |
7
sophisticated investors, who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the 1933 Act for any resale of Common Shares. No sales commission or other compensation will be paid to Nuveen Securities or any other FINRA member in connection with such transactions. |
The terms of such privately negotiated transactions will be subject to the discretion of the management of the Fund. In determining whether to sell Common Shares through a privately negotiated transaction, the Fund will consider relevant factors including, but not limited to, the attractiveness of obtaining additional funds through the sale of Common Shares, the purchase price to apply to any such sale of Common Shares and the investor seeking to purchase the Common Shares. |
Common Shares issued by the Fund through privately negotiated transactions will be issued at a price equal to the greater of (i) the NAV per Common Share or (ii) at a discount ranging from 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the two business days preceding the date upon which Common Shares are sold pursuant to the privately negotiated transaction. The applicable discount will be determined by the Fund on a transaction-by-transaction basis. See Plan of DistributionDistribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions. |
The principal business address of Nuveen Securities is 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. |
Special Risk Considerations |
Investment in the Fund involves special risk considerations, which are summarized below. The Fund is designed as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. See Risk Factors for a more complete discussion of the special risk considerations of an investment in the Fund. |
Portfolio Level Risks |
Municipal Securities Market Risk. The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital, and during the recent market turmoil these firms capital was severely constrained. As a result, some firms were unwilling to commit their capital to purchase and to serve as a dealer for municipal bonds. |
Generally, when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. Currently, market interest rates are at or near historically low levels which may be unsustainable. In typical market interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term municipal securities generally fluctuate more than prices of shorter-term municipal securities as interest rates change. Because the Fund will invest generally in longer-term municipal securities, the Common Share NAV and market price per share will fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested generally in shorter-term municipal securities. See Risk FactorsMunicipal Securities Market Risk and Risk FactorsSpecial Risks Related to Certain Municipal Obligations. |
Concentration in California Issuers. The Funds policy of investing in municipal securities of issuers located in California makes the Fund more susceptible to the adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting such issuers. See Appendix A of this Prospectus. |
8
Special Risks Related to Certain Municipal Obligations. The Fund may invest in municipal leases and certificates of participation in such leases. Municipal leases and certificates of participation involve special risks not normally associated with general obligations or revenue bonds. Leases and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which normally provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the governmental issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt issuance limitations are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of non-appropriation clauses that relieve the governmental issuer of any obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. In addition, such leases or contracts may be subject to the temporary abatement of payments in the event the governmental issuer is prevented from maintaining occupancy of the leased premises or utilizing the leased equipment. Although the obligations may be secured by the leased equipment or facilities, the disposition of the property in the event of non-appropriation or foreclosure might prove difficult, time consuming and costly, and may result in a delay in recovering or the failure to fully recover the Funds original investment. In the event of non-appropriation, the issuer would be in default and taking ownership of the assets may be a remedy available to the Fund, although the Fund does not anticipate that such a remedy would normally be pursued. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated municipal leases or participates in such leases, the credit quality rating and risk of cancellation of such unrated leases will be monitored on an ongoing basis. Certificates of participation, which represent interests in unmanaged pools of municipal leases or installment contracts, involve the same risks as the underlying municipal leases. In addition, the Fund may be dependent upon the municipal authority issuing the certificates of participation to exercise remedies with respect to the underlying securities. Certificates of participation also entail a risk of default or bankruptcy, both of the issuer of the municipal lease and also the municipal agency issuing the certificate of participation. |
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that one or more municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in price, or the issuer thereof will fail to pay interest or principal when due, because the issuer experiences a decline in its financial status. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. If a municipal security satisfies the rating requirements described above at the time of investment and is subsequently downgraded below that rating, the Fund will not be required to dispose of the security. If a downgrade occurs, Nuveen Asset Management will consider what action, including the sale of the security, is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. This means that the Fund may be invested in municipal securities that may be experiencing financial difficulties at the time of acquisition (such securities are commonly referred to as distressed securities). See Risk FactorsCredit Risk. |
Below Investment Grade Risk. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are predominately speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due, and are susceptible to |
9
default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. Also, to the extent that the rating assigned to a municipal security in the Funds portfolio is downgraded by any NRSRO, the market price and liquidity of such security may be adversely affected. The market values for municipal securities of below investment grade quality tend to be volatile, and these securities are less liquid than investment grade municipal securities. For these reasons, an investment in the Fund compared with a portfolio consisting solely of investment grade securities, may experience the following: |
|
increased price sensitivity resulting from changing interest rates and/or a deteriorating economic environment; |
|
greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality; |
|
adverse issuer specific events that are more likely to render the issuer unable to make interest and/or principal payments; and |
|
the possibility that a negative perception of the below investment grade market develops, resulting in the price and liquidity of below investment grade securities becoming depressed, and this negative perception could last for a significant period of time. |
See Risk FactorsBelow Investment Grade Risk. |
Interest Rate Risk. Generally, when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. As interest rates decline, issuers of municipal securities may prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower yielding securities and potentially reducing the Funds income. As interest rates increase, slower than expected principal payments may extend the average life of securities, potentially locking in a below-market interest rate and reducing the Funds value. In typical market interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term municipal securities generally fluctuate more than prices of shorter-term municipal securities as interest rates change. Because the Fund invests generally in long-term municipal securities, the Common Share NAV and market price per share will fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested generally in shorterterm municipal securities. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features, in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. For example, the price of a bond with an effective duration of two years will rise (fall) two percent for every one percent decrease (increase) in its |
10
yield, and the price of a five-year duration bond will rise (fall) five percent for a one percent decrease (increase) in its yield. Greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates typically corresponds to higher volatility and higher risk. |
Yield curve risk is the risk associated with either a flattening or steepening of the yield curve, which is a result of changing yields among comparable bonds with different maturities. When market interest rates, or yields, increase, the price of a bond will decrease and vice versa. When the yield curve shifts, the price of the bond, which was initially priced based on the initial yield curve, will change in price. If the yield curve flattens, then the yield spread between long- and short-term interest rates narrows, and the price of the bond will change accordingly. If the bond is short-term and the yield decreases, the price of this bond will increase. If the yield curve steepens, this means that the spread between long- and short-term interest rates increases. Therefore, long-term bond prices, like the ones held by the Fund, will decrease relative to short-term bonds. Changes in the yield curve are based on bond risk premiums and expectations of future interest rates. Because the values of lower-rated and comparable unrated debt securities are affected both by credit risk and interest rate risk, the price movements of such lower grade securities in response to changes in interest rates typically have not been highly correlated to the fluctuations of the prices of investment grade quality securities in response to changes in market interest rates. The Funds use of leverage, as described herein, will tend to increase Common Share interest rate risk. See Risk FactorsInterest Rate Risk. |
Sector and Industry Risk. Subject to the concentration limits of the Funds investment policies and guidelines, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its net assets in certain sectors of the municipal securities market, such as hospitals and other health care facilities, charter schools and other private educational facilities, special taxing districts and start-up utility districts, and private activity bonds including industrial development bonds on behalf of transportation companies such as airline companies, whose credit quality and performance may be more susceptible to economic, business, political, regulatory and other developments than other sectors of municipal issuers. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its net assets in the sectors noted above, the Funds performance may be subject to additional risk and variability. To the extent that the Fund focuses its net assets in the hospital and healthcare facilities sector, for example, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with such sector, including adverse government regulation and reduction in reimbursement rates, as well as government approval of products and services and intense competition. Securities issued with respect to special taxing districts will be subject to various risks, including real-estate development related risks and taxpayer concentration risk. Further, the fees, special taxes or tax allocations and other revenues established to secure the obligations of securities issued with respect to special taxing districts are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. Charter schools and other private educational facilities are subject to various risks, including the reversal of legislation authorizing or funding charter schools, the failure to renew or secure a charter, the failure of a funding entity to appropriate necessary funds and competition from alternatives such as |
11
voucher programs. Issuers of municipal utility securities can be significantly affected by government regulation, financing difficulties, supply and demand of services or fuel and natural resource conservation. The transportation sector, including airports, airlines, ports and other transportation facilities, can be significantly affected by changes in the economy, fuel prices, labor relations, insurance costs and government regulation. |
Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called bonds at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the Common Shares market price or your overall returns. See Risk FactorsReinvestment Risk. |
Call Risk. The Fund may invest in securities that are subject to call risk. Debt instruments may be redeemed at the option of the issuer, or called, before their stated maturity or redemption date. In general, an issuer will call its debt instruments if they can be refinanced by issuing new instruments which bear a lower interest or dividend rate. The Fund is subject to the possibility that during periods of falling interest rates, an issuer will call its debt. The Fund would then be forced to invest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest or dividend rates, resulting in a decline in the Funds income. |
Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, issuers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower yielding instruments. For premium bonds (bonds acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value) purchased by the Fund, prepayment risk may be increased. See Risk FactorsPrepayment Risk. |
Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price and date, thereby establishing an effective interest rate. The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements, in economic essence, constitute a securitized borrowing by the Fund from the security purchaser. The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements for the purpose of creating a leveraged investment exposure and, as such, their usage involves essentially the same risks associated with a leveraging strategy generally since the proceeds from these agreements may be invested in additional securities. However, the effective borrowing rate paid by the Fund to the reverse repurchase agreement counterparty will be treated as taxable income, unlike the effective borrowing rate paid by the Fund on Preferred Shares or on inverse floating rate securities, where is generally tax-exempt to the recipient, meaning that the effective borrowing rate paid by the Fund on a reverse repurchase agreement would, all other things being equal, will tend to be higher than those other forms of leverage. Reverse repurchase agreements tend to be short-term in tenor, and there can be no assurances that the purchaser (lender) will commit to extend or roll a given agreement upon its agreed-upon repurchase date if such roll is requested by the Fund or an alternative purchaser can be identified on similar terms. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the purchaser (lender) fails to return |
12
the securities as agreed upon, files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent. The Fund may be restricted from taking normal portfolio actions during such time, could be subject to loss to the extent that the proceeds of the agreement are less than the value of securities subject to the agreement and may experience adverse tax consequences. |
Inverse Floating Rate Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities. Typically, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust (sometimes called a tender option bond trust) formed by a third party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal Securities. In general, income on inverse floating rate securities will decrease when interest rates increase and increase when interest rates decrease. Thus, distributions paid to the Fund on its inverse floaters will be reduced or even eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal rates fall. Inverse floating rate securities generally will underperform the market for fixed rate municipal bonds in a rising interest rate environment. Investments in inverse floating rate securities may subject the Fund to the risks of reduced or eliminated interest payments and losses of principal. In addition, because of the leveraged nature of such investments, inverse floating rate securities will increase or decrease in value at a greater rate than the underlying fixed rate municipal bonds held by the tender option bond. As a result, the market value of such securities generally is more volatile than that of fixed rate securities. |
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities, issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Fund Advisors discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party granting liquidity to the floating rate security holders of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the special purpose trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the special purpose trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third-party granting liquidity to the floating rate security holders the special purpose trust, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. In such instances, the Fund may be at risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities. |
The Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund may be highly leveraged. The structure and degree to which the Funds inverse floating rate securities are highly leveraged will vary based upon a number of factors, including the size of the trust itself and the terms of the underlying municipal security. In the event of a significant decline in the value of an underlying security, the Fund may suffer losses in excess of the amount of its investment (up to an amount equal to the value of the municipal securities underlying the inverse floating rate securities) as a result of liquidating special purpose trusts or other collateral in connection with managing the overall economic effect of leverage on the Fund. |
13
The Funds investment in inverse floating rate securities creates leverage that provides an opportunity for increased Common Share net income and returns, but also creates the risk that Common Share long-term returns will be reduced if the cost of leverage exceeds the net return on the Funds investment portfolio. |
Inverse floating rate securities have varying degrees of liquidity based upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a tender option bond trust. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is more volatile than the underlying securities due to leverage. The leverage attributable to such inverse floating rate securities may be called away on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The Fund may be required to sell its inverse floating rate securities at less than favorable prices, or liquidate other Fund portfolio holdings in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following: |
|
If the Fund has a need for cash and the securities in a special purpose trust are not actively trading due to adverse market conditions; |
|
If special purpose trust sponsors (as a collective group or individually) experience financial hardship and consequently seek to terminate their respective outstanding special purpose trusts; and |
|
If the value of an underlying security declines significantly (to a level below the notional value of the floating rate securities issued by the trust) and if additional collateral has not been posted by the Fund. |
See Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk. |
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of Common Shares and distributions can decline. See Risk FactorsInflation Risk. |
Leverage Risk. The use of leverage creates special risks for Common Shareholders, including the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the Common Shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage. The use of leverage in a declining market will likely cause a greater decline in Common Share NAV, which may result in a greater decline of the Common Share price, than if the Fund were not to have used leverage. |
The Fund will pay (and Common Shareholders will bear) any costs and expenses relating to the Funds use of leverage, which will result in a reduction in the NAV of and net income payable with respect to the Common Shares. Because of the costs of leverage, the Fund may incur losses even if the Fund has positive returns if they are not sufficient to cover the costs of leverage. Nuveen Fund Advisors, based on its assessment of market conditions, may increase or decrease the Funds level of leverage. Such changes may impact the Funds distributions and the valuation of the Common Shares in the secondary market. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize leverage or that the Funds use of leverage will be successful. Furthermore, the amount of fees paid to Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management for investment advisory services will be |
14
higher if the Fund uses leverage because the fees will be calculated based on the Funds Managed Assets, which may create an incentive for Nuveen Fund Advisors to leverage the Fund or increase the Funds leverage. Certain types of leverage used by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to certain covenants, asset coverage or other portfolio composition limits by its lenders, preferred purchasers, rating agencies that may rate the preferred securities, or reverse repurchase counterparties. Such limitations may be more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act and may impact whether the Fund is able to maintain its desired amount of leverage. At this time Nuveen Fund Advisors does not believe that any such potential investment limitations will impede it from managing the Funds portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies. See Use of Leverage. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, which may themselves be leveraged and therefore present similar risks to those described above and magnify the Funds leverage risk. The risk of loss attributable to the Funds use of leverage is borne by Common Shareholders. |
Other Investment Companies Risk. The Fund may, subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, invest in the securities of other investment companies including open-end and closed-end funds and ETFs. Such securities may be leveraged. As a result, the Fund may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities, which would magnify the Funds leverage risk. The Fund, as a holder of the securities of other investment companies, will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment companies expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses are in addition to the direct expenses of the Funds own operations. An ETF that is based on a specific index, whether stock or otherwise, may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities in the index. An ETF also incurs certain expenses not incurred by its applicable index. The market value of shares of ETFs and closed-end funds may differ from their NAV. |
Derivatives Risk. The Funds use of derivatives involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the investments underlying the derivatives. Whether the Funds use of derivatives is successful will depend on, among other things, if Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management correctly forecast market values, interest rates and other applicable factors. If Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management incorrectly forecast these and other factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be unfavorably affected. The Fund may enter into various types of derivatives transactions, including financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures and options on swap contracts, among others. For a description of the specific risks associated with each of these instruments, see Risk FactorsDerivatives Risk. As of December 31, 2019, the Fund was invested in derivatives. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. In addition, the use of derivatives requires an understanding by Nuveen Asset Management not only of the referenced asset, rate or index, but also of the derivative contract itself and the markets in which they trade. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies would generate taxable income. |
15
The derivatives market is subject to a changing regulatory environment. It is possible that regulatory or other developments in the derivatives market could adversely affect the Funds ability to successfully use derivative instruments. See Risk FactorsDerivatives Risk, Risk FactorsCounterparty Risk, Risk FactorsHedging Risk and the SAI. |
Risks Related to the Funds Clearing Broker and Central Clearing Counterparty. The Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) requires swaps and futures clearing brokers registered as futures commission merchants to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of U.S. domestic futures contracts and cleared swaps from the brokers proprietary assets. |
Similarly, the CEA requires each futures commission merchant to hold in separate secure accounts all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of foreign futures contracts and cleared swaps and segregate any such funds from the funds received with respect to domestic futures contracts. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account and may be invested in certain instruments permitted under applicable regulations. There is a risk that assets deposited by the Fund with any swaps or futures clearing broker as margin for futures contracts or cleared swaps may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Funds clearing broker. In addition, the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the Funds clearing brokers bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing brokers customers for the relevant account class. Similarly, the CEA requires a clearing organization approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as a derivatives clearing organization to segregate all funds and other property received from a clearing members clients in connection with domestic cleared futures and derivative contracts from any funds held at the clearing organization to support the clearing members proprietary trading. Nevertheless, all customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any futures contracts or derivatives contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing members individual customers. With respect to futures and options contracts, a clearing organization may use assets of a non-defaulting customer held in an omnibus account at the clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing organization. As a result, in the event of a default or the clearing brokers other clients or the clearing brokers failure to extend its own funds in connection with any such default, the Fund may not be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited by the clearing broker on behalf of the Fund with the clearing organization. See RisksRisks Related to the Funds Clearing Broker and Central Clearing Counterparty. |
Counterparty Risk. Changes in the credit quality of the companies that serve as the Funds counterparties with respect to derivatives, insured municipal securities or other transactions supported by another partys credit may affect the value of those instruments. Certain entities that have served as counterparties in the markets for these transactions have recently incurred significant losses and financial hardships including bankruptcy as a result of |
16
exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such hardships have reduced these entities capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using such derivatives or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its counterparties could experience similar financial hardships. See Risk FactorsCounterparty Risk. |
Hedging Risk. The Funds use of derivatives or other transactions to reduce risks involves costs and will be subject to Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly changes in the relationships of such hedge instruments to the Funds portfolio holdings or other factors. No assurance can be given that Nuveen Asset Managements judgment in this respect will be correct. In addition, no assurance can be given that the Fund will enter into hedging or other transactions at times or under circumstances in which it may be advisable to do so. See Risk FactorsHedging Risk. |
Tax Risk. To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to a regulated investment company (RIC), the Fund must, amongst other requirements, derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from certain prescribed sources and satisfy a diversification test on a quarterly basis. If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate, which the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) reduced to 21%, without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits. |
To qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, which are treated as items of interest excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund must consist of obligations exempt from regular income tax as of the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year. If the proportion of taxable investments held by the Fund exceeded 50% of the Funds total assets as of the close of any quarter of the Funds taxable year, the Fund would not, for that taxable year, satisfy the general eligibility test that would otherwise permit it to pay exempt-interest dividends for that taxable year. |
The Fund may enter into various types of derivatives transactions, including credit default swap contracts and interest rate swap contracts, among others. The use of such derivatives may generate taxable income. The Funds use of derivatives may also affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders and, therefore, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. |
17
The value of the Funds investments and its NAV may be adversely affected by changes in tax rates and policies. Because interest income from municipal securities is normally not subject to regular federal income taxation, the attractiveness of municipal securities in relation to other investment alternatives is affected by changes in federal income tax rates or changes in the tax-exempt status of interest income from municipal securities. Any proposed or actual changes in such rates or exempt status, therefore, can significantly affect the demand for and supply, liquidity and marketability of municipal securities. This could in turn affect the Funds NAV and ability to acquire and dispose of municipal securities at desirable yield and price levels. Additionally, the Fund is not a suitable investment for individual retirement accounts, for other tax-exempt or tax-deferred accounts or for investors who are not sensitive to the federal income tax consequences of their investments. |
Generally, the Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities do not generate taxable income. |
Taxability Risk. The Fund will invest in municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, and Nuveen Asset Management will not independently verify that opinion. Subsequent to the Funds acquisition of such a municipal security, however, the security may be determined to pay, or to have paid, taxable income. As a result, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends could be adversely affected, subjecting the Funds shareholders to increased federal income tax liabilities. Distributions of ordinary taxable income (including any net short-term capital gain) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (and not eligible for favorable taxation as qualified dividend income), and capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. See Tax Matters. |
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Common Shares and distributions can decline. See Risk FactorsInflation Risk. |
Insurance Risk. The Fund may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of the companies that provide such credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Certain significant providers of insurance for municipal securities have incurred significant losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower credit quality investments that have experienced defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such losses have reduced the insurers capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such insurance if they are called upon to do so in the future. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the rating of the underlying municipal security will be more relevant and the value of the municipal security would more closely, if not entirely, reflect such rating. In such a case, the value of |
18
insurance associated with a municipal security would decline and may not add any value. The insurance feature of a municipal security does not guarantee the full payment of principal and interest through the life of an insured obligation, the market value of the insured obligation or the NAV of the Common Shares represented by such insured obligation. |
Tobacco Settlement Bond Risk. Tobacco settlement bonds are municipal securities that are backed solely by expected revenues to be derived from lawsuits involving tobacco related deaths and illnesses which were settled between certain states and American tobacco companies. Tobacco settlement bonds are secured by an issuing states proportionate share in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). The MSA is an agreement reached out of court in November 1998 between 46 states and nearly all of the U.S. tobacco manufacturers. Under the terms of the MSA, the actual amount of future settlement payments by tobacco manufacturers is dependent on many factors, including, but not limited to, annual domestic cigarette shipments, reduced cigarette consumption, increased taxes on cigarettes, inflation, financial capability of tobacco companies, continuing litigation and the possibility of tobacco manufacturer bankruptcy. Payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be negatively impacted if the decrease in tobacco consumption is significantly greater than the forecasted decline. |
Borrowing Risk. In addition to borrowing for leverage (See Use of Leverage), the Fund may borrow for temporary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemption requests, pay dividends, repurchase its shares, or clear portfolio transactions. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the NAV of the Funds shares and may affect the Funds net income. When the Fund borrows money, it must pay interest and other fees, which will reduce the funds returns if such costs exceed the returns on the portfolio securities purchased or retained with such borrowings. Any such borrowings are intended to be temporary. However, under certain market conditions, including periods of low demand or decreased liquidity in the municipal bond market such borrowings might be outstanding for longer periods of time. |
Fund Level Risk |
Market Discount from Net Asset Value. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and have during other periods traded at prices lower than NAV. The Fund cannot predict whether Common Shares will trade at, above or below NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds NAV could decrease as a result of investment activities. Investors bear a risk of loss to the extent that the price at which they sell their shares is lower in relation to the Funds NAV than at the time of purchase, assuming a stable NAV. Proceeds from the sale of Common Shares in this offering will be reduced by shareholder transaction costs (if applicable, which vary depending on the offering method used). The NAV per Common Share will be reduced by costs associated with any future issuances of Common Shares or Preferred Shares. Depending on the premium of Common Shares at the time of any offering of Common Shares hereunder, the Funds NAV may be reduced by an amount up to the offering costs (estimated to be an additional 0.29% of the offering price assuming a Common Share offering price of $15.76 (the Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020)). The Common Shares are designed |
19
primarily for long-term investors, and you should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes. See Risk FactorsMarket Discount from Net Asset Value. |
Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Funds Common Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. Your investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the municipal securities owned by the Fund, substantially all of which are traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter markets. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. See Risk FactorsInvestment and Market Risk. |
Other Risks |
Economic and Political Events Risk. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects (such as those relating to the education, health care, housing, transportation, or utilities industries), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds or moral obligation bonds). Such developments may adversely affect a specific industry or local political and economic conditions, and thus may lead to declines in the bonds creditworthiness and value. |
Recent Market Conditions. Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the United States and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects. Conditions in the United States and many foreign economies have resulted, and may continue to result, in certain instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all. In some cases, traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yields to decline. Reduced liquidity in fixed income and credit markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. A rise in protectionist trade policies, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.
In response to the financial crisis, the United States and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. Policy and legislative changes by the United States government and the Federal Reserve to assist in the ongoing support of financial markets, both domestically and in other countries, are changing many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of these changes on the |
20
markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time. In some countries where economic conditions are recovering, such countries are nevertheless perceived as still fragile. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations, including changes in tax laws and the imposition of trade barriers. The impact of new financial regulation legislation on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully known for some time. Changes to the Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the end of its quantitative easing policy, may affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend and interest paying securities. Markets may react strongly to expectations about the changes in these policies, which could increase volatility, especially if the markets expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out. |
Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the United States and abroad but there is consensus that interest rates will increase during the life of the Fund, which could negatively impact the price of debt securities. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of a significant rate increase on various markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the United States and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a countrys economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. |
On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on whether to remain a member state of the European Union (EU), in which voters favored the UKs withdrawal from the EU, an event widely referred to as Brexit and which triggered a two-year period of negotiations on the terms of withdrawal. The formal notification to the European Council required under Article 50 of the Treaty on EU was made on March 29, 2017, following which the terms of exit were negotiated. On January 31, 2020, the UK formally withdrew from the EU. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the UK and the EU are unclear at this stage, remain subject to negotiation and are likely to lead to ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the UK and in wider European markets for some time. The outcomes may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the United Kingdom and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time. Additionally, a number of countries in Europe have suffered terror attacks, and additional attacks may occur in the future. Ukraine has experienced ongoing military conflict; this conflict may expand and military attacks could occur elsewhere in Europe. Europe has also been struggling with mass migration from the Middle East and Africa. The ultimate effects of these events and other |
21
socio-political or geographical issues are not known but could profoundly affect global economies and markets. |
The impact of these developments in the near- and long-term is unknown and could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. |
Legislation and Regulatory Risk. At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation or additional regulations may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Fund, securities held by the Fund or the issuers of such securities. Fund shareholders may incur increased costs resulting from such legislation or additional regulation. There can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund or will not impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) has indicated that it may adopt new policies on the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, which could affect the nature and extent of derivatives used by the Fund. While the nature of any such regulations, if adopted, is uncertain at this time, it is possible that such regulations could have an adverse impact on the Fund. |
Anti-Takeover Provisions. The Funds Declaration of Trust (the Declaration) and the Funds By-Laws (the By-Laws) include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status. These provisions could have the effect of depriving Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust Anti-Takeover Provisions and RisksAnti-Takeover Provisions. |
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management each provide a wide array of portfolio management and other asset management services to a mix of clients and may engage in ordinary course activities in which their respective interests or those of their clients may compete or conflict with those of the Fund. For example, Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management may provide investment management services to other funds and accounts that follow investment objectives similar to those of the Fund. In certain circumstances, and subject to its fiduciary obligations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Nuveen Asset Management may have to allocate a limited investment opportunity among its clients, which include closed-end funds, open-end funds and other commingled funds. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management have each adopted policies and procedures designed to address such situations and other potential conflicts of interests. For additional information about potential conflicts of interest, and the way in which Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management address such conflicts, please see the SAI. |
Impact of Offering Methods Risk. The issuance of Common Shares through the various methods described in this Prospectus may have an adverse effect on prices in the secondary market for the Funds Common Shares by increasing the number of Common Shares available for sale. In addition, Common Shares may be issued at a discount to the market price |
22
for such Common Shares, which may put downward pressure on the market price for Common Shares of the Fund. |
In addition, an investment in the Funds Common Shares raises other risks, which are more fully disclosed in the Risk Factors section of this Prospectus. |
Distributions |
The Fund pays monthly distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate (stated in terms of a fixed cents per Common Share dividend rate) based on the projected performance of the Fund. The Funds ability to maintain a level Common Share dividend rate will depend on a number of factors, including dividends payable on Preferred Shares. As portfolio and market conditions change, the rate of dividends on the Common Shares and the Funds dividend policy could change. For each taxable year, the Fund will distribute all or substantially all of its net investment income (after it pays accrued dividends on Preferred Shares). While not currently anticipated, if the Fund makes total distributions during a given calendar year in an amount that exceeds the Funds net investment income and net capital gain for that calendar year, the excess would generally be treated by Common Shareholders as a return of capital for tax purposes. A return of capital reduces a shareholders tax basis, which could result in higher taxes when the shareholder sells his or her shares. This may cause the shareholder to pay taxes even if he or she sells shares for less than the original price. In addition, the Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its net capital gain and taxable ordinary income, if any, to Common Shareholders so long as the net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) and taxable ordinary income are not necessary to pay accrued dividends on, or redeem or liquidate, any Preferred Shares then outstanding or pay any interest and required principal payments on borrowings. You may elect to reinvest automatically some or all of your distributions in additional Common Shares under the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan. |
The Fund might not distribute all or a portion of any net capital gain for a taxable year. If the Fund does not distribute all of its net capital gain for a taxable year, it will pay federal income tax on the retained gain. Provided that the Fund satisfies certain requirements, each Common Shareholder of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year (i) will include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, his or her share of the retained gain, (ii) will be deemed to have paid his or her proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund on such retained gain, and (iii) may be entitled to an income tax credit or refund for that share of the tax. The Fund will treat the retained capital gain amount as a substitute for equivalent cash distributions. See Distributions and Dividend Reinvestment Plan. |
The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time upon notice to shareholders, subject to a finding by the Funds Board that such change is in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders. |
Custodian and Transfer Agent |
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as custodian of the Funds assets. Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (together, Computershare) serve as the Funds transfer agent. See Custodian and Transfer Agent. |
23
Special Tax Considerations |
Because the Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from regular federal and California income tax and, under normal circumstances, at least 100% of its Assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase, the dividends paid by the Fund will ordinarily be similarly exempt. To the extent the Fund invests in municipal securities of issuers outside of California and U.S. territories and possessions, dividends paid by the Fund may be subject to California income taxes. Such investments would not be included for purposes of calculating its 80% investment policy. Although the Fund expects that under normal circumstances it will not invest in municipal securities the interest on which is subject to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals, at the time of purchase, to the extent a portion of the income from municipal securities in which the Fund invests is subject to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals, dividends paid by the Fund may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. See Tax Matters. |
Voting Rights |
The holders of the Funds Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, would have the right to elect at least two Trustees at all times and to elect a majority of the Trustees in the event two full years dividends on the Preferred Shares, are unpaid. In each case, the remaining Trustees will be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. The holders of Preferred Shares will vote as a separate class or classes on certain other matters as required under the Declaration, the 1940 Act and Massachusetts law. See Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights and Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust. |
24
The purpose of the table and the examples below is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Common Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly. The table shows the expenses of the Fund as a percentage of the average net assets applicable to Common Shares, and not as a percentage of total assets or Managed Assets.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of offering price) |
||||
Maximum Sales Charge |
4.00 | %* | ||
Offering Costs(1) |
0.29 | % | ||
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(2) |
$ | 2.50 |
* |
A maximum sales charge of 4.00% applies only to offerings pursuant to a syndicated underwriting. The maximum sales charge for offerings made at-the-market is 1.00%. There is no sales charge for offerings pursuant to a private transaction. |
As a Percentage of
Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares(3) |
||||
Annual Expenses |
||||
Management Fees |
0.94 | % | ||
Fees on MFP Shares, VRDP Shares and Interest and Related Expenses from Inverse Floaters(4) |
1.41 | % | ||
Other Expenses(5) |
0.07 | % | ||
|
|
|
||
Total Annual Expenses |
2.42 | % | ||
|
|
|
(1) |
Assuming a Common Share price of $15.76 (the Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020). |
(2) |
You will be charged a $2.50 service charge and pay brokerage charges if you direct Computershare, as agent for the Common Shareholders (the Plan Agent), to sell your Common Shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. |
(3) |
Stated as annualized percentages of average net assets attributable to Common Shares for the six months ended August 31, 2019 (Unaudited). |
(4) |
Currently, the Fund employs leverage through its investments in inverse floating rate securities, its outstanding Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, and its outstanding MuniFund Preferred Shares. Fees on MFP Shares, VRDP Shares and Interest and Related Expenses from Inverse Floaters has been restated using current fees as if they had been in effect during the previous fiscal year. Fees on MFP and VRDP Shares assume annual dividends paid, annual remarketing fees and amortization of offerings costs for both MFP and VRDP Shares, and annual liquidity fees for VRDP Shares. Interest and Related Expenses from Inverse Floaters include interest expense attributable to inverse floating rate securities created by selling a fixed-rate bond to a broker dealer for deposit into the special purpose trust and receiving in turn the residual interest in the trust (self-deposited inverse floating rate securities). To the extent the Fund creates self-deposited inverse floating rate securities, the Fund recognizes interest expense because accounting rules require the Fund to treat interest paid by such trusts as having been paid (indirectly) by the Fund. Because the Fund also recognizes a corresponding amount of additional interest earned (also indirectly), the Funds NAV per share, net investment income and total return are not affected by this accounting treatment. The actual fees on MFP and VRDP Shares and interest and related expenses from inverse floaters incurred in the future may be higher or lower. If short-term market interest rates rise in the future, and if the Fund continues to maintain leverage the cost of which is tied to short-term interest rates, the Funds interest expenses on its short-term borrowings can be expected to rise in tandem. The Funds use of leverage will increase the amount of management fees paid to the Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management. |
(5) |
Other Expenses is based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Expenses attributable to the Funds investments, if any, in other investment companies are currently estimated not to exceed 0.01%. See Portfolio CompositionOther Investment Companies in the SAI. |
25
Examples
The following examples illustrate the expenses, including the applicable transaction fees (referred to as the Maximum Sales Charge in the fee table above), if any, and estimated offering costs of $2.90 that a Common Shareholder would pay on a $1,000 investment that is held for the time periods provided in the table. Each example assumes that all dividends and other distributions are reinvested in the Fund and that the Funds Total Annual Expenses, as provided above, remain the same. The examples also assume a 5% annual return.(1)
Example # 1 (At-the-Market Transaction)
The following example assumes a transaction fee of 1.00%, as a percentage of the offering price.
1 Year
|
3 Years
|
5 Years
|
10 Years
|
|||||||||
$37 | $ | 87 | $ | 140 | $ | 285 |
Example # 2 (Underwriting Syndicate Transaction)
The following example assumes a transaction fee of 4.00%, as a percentage of the offering price.
1 Year
|
3 Years
|
5 Years
|
10 Years
|
|||||||||
$66 | $ | 115 | $ | 166 | $ | 307 |
Example # 3 (Privately Negotiated Transaction)
The following example assumes there is no transaction fee.
1 Year
|
3 Years
|
5 Years
|
10 Years
|
|||||||||
$27 | $ | 78 | $ | 132 | $ | 278 |
The examples should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown above.
(1) |
The examples assume that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at Common Share NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. |
26
The following Financial Highlights table is intended to help a prospective investor understand the Funds financial performance for the periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Common Share of the Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in Common Shares of the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends). The Funds annual financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended February 28/29, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, including the financial highlights for the fiscal years then ended, have been audited by KPMG LLP (KPMG), an independent registered public accounting firm. KPMG has not reviewed or examined any records, transactions or events after the date of such reports. The information with respect to the fiscal years ended prior to February 28, 2015 has been audited by other auditors. The information with respect to the six months ended August 31, 2019 is unaudited and is included in the Funds 2019 Semi-Annual Report which is incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report may be obtained from www.sec.gov or by visiting www.nuveen.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Funds website is not part of this Prospectus. Past results are not indicative of future performance.
The following per share data and ratios have been derived from information provided in the financial statements.
Selected data for a Common Share outstanding throughout each period:
Period Ended August 31:
|
Year Ended February 28/29:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2019(h)
|
2019
|
2018
|
2017
|
2016
|
2015
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
2011
|
2010
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per Share Operating Performance |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning Common Share Net Asset Value |
$ | 15.17 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 15.35 | $ | 16.17 | $ | 15.95 | $ | 14.50 | $ | 15.57 | $ | 14.73 | $ | 12.82 | $ | 14.03 | $ | 12.85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
0.32 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Realized/Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
1.52 | (0.11 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.71 | ) | 0.27 | 1.45 | (1.06 | ) | 0.97 | 1.91 | (1.22 | ) | 1.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total |
1.84 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 0.05 | 1.09 | 2.30 | (0.22 | ) | 1.74 | 2.74 | (0.41 | ) | 1.94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Common Shareholders: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From Net Investment Income |
(0.31 | ) | (0.65 | ) | (0.77 | ) | (0.83 | ) | (0.87 | ) | (0.85 | ) | (0.84 | ) | (0.88 | ) | (0.83 | ) | (0.80 | ) | (0.76 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
From Accumulated Net Realized Gains |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.04 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.01 | ) | (0.02 | ) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total |
(0.31 | ) | (0.65 | ) | (0.77 | ) | (0.87 | ) | (0.87 | ) | (0.85 | ) | (0.85 | ) | (0.90 | ) | (0.83 | ) | (0.80 | ) | (0.76 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Premium per Share Sold through Shelf Offering |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount per Share Repurchased and Retired |
0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Ending Common Share Net Asset Value |
$ | 16.70 | $ | 15.17 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 15.35 | $ | 16.17 | $ | 15.95 | $ | 14.50 | $ | 15.57 | $ | 14.73 | $ | 12.82 | $ | 14.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Ending Market Value |
$ | 15.44 | $ | 13.50 | $ | 13.97 | $ | 14.62 | $ | 15.63 | $ | 14.67 | $ | 13.25 | $ | 15.12 | $ | 15.06 | $ | 11.78 | $ | 12.87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Share Total Returns: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on NAV(a) |
12.22 | % | 3.73 | % | 4.42 | % | 0.21 | % | 7.09 | % | 16.16 | % | (1.10 | )% | 12.08 | % | 36.10 | % | (2.71 | )% | 16.39 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on Share Price(a) |
16.81 | % | 1.45 | % | 0.51 | % | (1.10 | )% | 12.93 | % | 17.55 | % | (6.39 | )% | 6.53 | % | 21.95 | % | (3.18 | )% | 15.49 | % |
27
Period Ended August 31:
|
Year Ended February 28/29:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2019(h)
|
2019
|
2018
|
2017
|
2016
|
2015
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
2011
|
2010
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending Net Assets Applicable to Common Shares (000) |
$ | 793,770 | $ | 720,786 | $ | 728,662 | $ | 732,649 | $ | 771,466 | $ | 760,786 | $ | 606,852 | $ | 651,402 | $ | 86,731 | $ | 75,493 | $ | 82,579 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets Applicable to Common Shares Before Reimbursement(b): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses(d) |
2.42 | %* | 2.50 | % | 2.24 | % | 1.83 | % | 1.48 | % | 1.62 | %(e) | 1.64 | % | 1.64 | % | 1.90 | % | 2.06 | % | 1.68 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
3.99 | %* | 4.34 | % | 4.58 | % | 4.70 | % | 5.22 | % | 5.53 | %(e) | 5.93 | % | 5.48 | % | 6.03 | % | 5.74 | % | 6.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets Applicable to Common Shares After Reimbursement(b)(c): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses(d) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.97 | % | 1.47 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5.83 | % | 6.32 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate(f) |
5 | % | 28 | % | 14 | % | 25 | % | 20 | % | 13 | % | 32 | % | 20 | % | 7 | % | 8 | % | | ** | ||||||||||||||||||||||
iMTP Shares at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate Amount Outstanding (000) |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 36,000 | $ | 36,000 | $ | 36,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Liquidation Value Per Share |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 5,000 | $ | 5,000 | $ | 5,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per Share |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 13,468 | $ | 16,775 | $ | 16,612 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
MFP Shares at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate Amount Outstanding (000) |
$ | 140,400 | $ | 140,400 | $ | 140,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Liquidation Value Per Share |
$ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per Share |
$ | 283,488 | $ | 266,617 | $ | 268,438 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
VRDP Shares at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate Amount Outstanding (000) |
$ | 292,200 | $ | 292,200 | $ | 292,200 | $ | 396,600 | $ | 291,600 | $ | 291,600 | $ | 291,600 | $ | 291,600 | $ | 35,500 | $ | 35,500 | $ | 35,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Liquidation Value Per Share |
$ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per Share |
$ | 283,488 | $ | 266,617 | $ | 268,438 | $ | 269,359 | $ | 335,490 | $ | 332,230 | $ | 308,111 | $ | 323,389 | $ | 344,312 | $ | 312,655 | $ | 332,616 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
iMTP, MFP and/or VRDP Shares at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per $1 Liquidation Preference(g) |
$ | 2.83 | $ | 2.67 | $ | 2.68 | $ | 2.69 | $ | 3.35 | $ | 3.32 | | | | | |
28
(a) |
Total Return Based on Market Value is the combination of changes in the market price per share and the effect of reinvested dividend income and reinvested capital gains distributions, if any, at the average price paid per share at the time of reinvestment. The last dividend declared in the period, which is typically paid on the first business day of the following month, is assumed to be reinvested at the ending market price. The actual reinvestment for the last dividend declared in the period may take place over several days, and in some instances may not be based on the market price, so the actual reinvestment price may be different from the price used in the calculation. Total returns are not annualized. |
Total Return Based on Common Share NAV is the combination of changes in Common Share NAV, reinvested dividend income at NAV and reinvested capital gains distributions at NAV, if any. The last dividend declared in the period, which is typically paid on the first business day of the following month, is assumed to be reinvested at the ending NAV. The actual reinvest price for the last dividend declared in the period may often be based on the Funds market price (and not its NAV), and therefore may be different from the price used in the calculation. Total returns are not annualized. |
(b) |
Net Investment Income (Loss) ratios reflect income earned and expenses incurred on assets attributable to Preferred Shares, where applicable. |
(c) |
After expense reimbursement from the Adviser, where applicable. As of November 30, 2010, Nuveen Fund Advisors is no longer contractually reimbursing the Fund for any fees or expenses. |
(d) |
The expense ratios reflect, among other things, all interest expense and other costs related to VRDP Shares and/or the interest expense deemed to have been paid by the Fund on the floating rate certificates issued by the special purpose trusts for the self-deposited inverse floaters held by the Fund in the most recent shareholder report, as follows: |
Period Ended August 31: |
||||
2019(h) |
1.41 | %* | ||
Year ended 2/28-2/29: |
||||
2019 |
1.45 | % | ||
2018 |
1.20 | |||
2017 |
0.82 | |||
2016 |
0.48 | |||
2015 |
0.57 | |||
2014 |
0.62 | |||
2013 |
0.59 | |||
2012 |
0.67 | |||
2011 |
0.92 | |||
2010 |
0.57 |
(e) |
During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015, Nuveen Fund Advisors voluntarily reimbursed the Fund for certain expenses incurred in connection with a equity shelf program. As a result, the Expenses and Net Investment Income (Loss) Ratios to Average Net Assets reflect this voluntary expense reimbursement from Nuveen Fund Advisors. The Expenses and Net Investment Income (Loss) Ratios to Average Net Assets excluding this expense reimbursement from Nuveen Fund Advisors are 1.63% and 5.51%, respectively. |
(f) |
Portfolio Turnover Rate is calculated based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term market value during the period. |
(g) | The Ending and Average Market Value Per Share of each Series of the Funds MTP Shares were as follows: |
2015 | ||||
NKX | ||||
Series 2015 (NKX PRC) |
||||
Ending Market Value per Share |
$ | | ||
Average Market Value per Share |
10.03 | W |
W | For the period June 9, 2014 (effective date of the Reorganizations) through December 29, 2014. |
29
(h) | For the six months ended August 31, 2019 (Unaudited). | |
* | Annualized. | |
** | Calculates to less than 1%. | |
N/A | Fund no longer has a contractual reimbursement agreement with Nuveen Fund Advisors. |
TRADING AND NET ASSET VALUE INFORMATION
The following table shows for the periods indicated: (i) the high and low sales prices for the Common Shares reported as of the end of the day on the NYSE, (ii) the high and low NAVs of the Common Shares, and (iii) the high and low of the premium/(discount) to NAV (expressed as a percentage) of the Common Shares.
Market Price
|
Net Asset Value
|
Premium/(Discount)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Quarter Ended |
High
|
Low
|
High
|
Low
|
High
|
Low
|
||||||||||||||||||
February 2020 |
$ | 16.09 | $ | 14.90 | $ | 17.27 | $ | 16.33 | (4.23) | % | (10.08) | % | ||||||||||||
November 2019 |
$ | 15.44 | $ | 14.53 | $ | 16.72 | $ | 16.18 | (5.74) | % | (10.69) | % | ||||||||||||
August 2019 |
$ | 15.55 | $ | 14.30 | $ | 16.72 | $ | 16.02 | (6.29) | % | (11.07) | % | ||||||||||||
May 2019 |
$ | 14.36 | $ | 13.54 | $ | 16.06 | $ | 15.16 | (9.50) | % | (10.99) | % | ||||||||||||
February 2019 |
$ | 13.50 | $ | 12.41 | $ | 15.18 | $ | 14.85 | (11.01) | % | (17.43) | % | ||||||||||||
November 2018 |
$ | 13.52 | $ | 12.39 | $ | 15.28 | $ | 14.61 | (11.52) | % | (15.81) | % | ||||||||||||
August 2018 |
$ | 13.70 | $ | 13.34 | $ | 15.42 | $ | 15.24 | (10.95) | % | (12.75) | % |
The NAV per share, the market price and percentage of premium/(discount) to NAV per Common Share on March 2, 2020 was $17.27, $15.76 and (8.74)%, respectively. As of January 31, 2020, the Fund had 47,520,334 Common Shares outstanding, 2,922 of VRDP Shares, 1,404 of MFP Shares, and net assets applicable to Common Shares of $801,425,032. See Repurchase of Fund Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund.
The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on July 29, 2002 pursuant to the Declaration and governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Fund issues Common Shares and Preferred Shares. The Funds Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol NKX. The Fund has previously offered ARPS, a type of Preferred Shares. As of October 5, 2011, all of the Funds ARPS have been redeemed. The Fund has also issued VRDP Shares and MFP Shares, each another type of Preferred Shares.
The Funds principal office is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and its telephone number is (800) 257-8787.
The following provides information about the Funds outstanding shares as of January 31, 2020:
Title of Class |
Amount
Authorized |
Amount Held
by the Fund or for its Account |
Amount
Redeemed |
Amount
Outstanding |
||||||||||||
Common |
Unlimited | 0 | 47,520,334 | |||||||||||||
Preferred |
Unlimited | | | |||||||||||||
MFP: |
||||||||||||||||
Series A |
1,404 | 0 | 1,404 | |||||||||||||
VRDP: |
||||||||||||||||
Series 2 |
355 | 0 | 355 | |||||||||||||
Series 3 |
427 | 0 | 427 | |||||||||||||
Series 4 |
1,090 | 0 | 1,090 | |||||||||||||
Series 6 |
1,050 | 0 | 1,050 |
30
5% Shareholders
As of February 28, 2020, no shareholders owned of record, or were known by the Fund to own of record or beneficially, five percent or more of any class of shares of the Fund.
The net proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares hereunder will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as stated below. Pending investment, the timing of which may vary depending on the size of the investment but in no case is expected to exceed 30 days, it is anticipated that the proceeds will be invested in short-term or long-term securities issued by the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities or in high quality, short-term money market instruments.
Investment Objectives
The Funds investment objectives are:
|
to provide current income exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax; and |
|
to enhance portfolio value relative to the municipal bond market by investing in tax-exempt municipal securities that Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management believes are underrated or undervalued or that represent municipal market sectors that are undervalued. |
Underrated municipal securities are those whose ratings do not, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, reflect their true value. Municipal securities may be underrated because of the time that has elapsed since their rating was assigned or reviewed, or because of positive factors that may not have been fully taken into account by rating agencies, or for other similar reasons. Municipal securities that are undervalued or that represent undervalued municipal market sectors are municipal securities that, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, are worth more than the value assigned to them in the marketplace. Municipal securities of particular types or purposes (e.g., hospital bonds, industrial revenue bonds or bonds issued by a particular municipal issuer) may be undervalued because there is a temporary excess of supply in that market sector, or because of a general decline in the market price of municipal securities of the market sector for reasons that do not apply to the particular municipal securities that are considered undervalued. The Funds investment in underrated or undervalued municipal securities will be based on Nuveen Asset Managements belief that the prices of such municipal securities should ultimately reflect their true value. Accordingly, enhancement of portfolio value relative to the municipal bond market refers to the Funds objective of attempting to realize above-average capital appreciation in a rising market, and to experience less than average capital losses in a declining market. Thus, the Funds secondary investment objective is not intended to suggest that capital appreciation is itself an objective of the Fund. Instead, the Fund seeks enhancement of portfolio value relative to the municipal bond market by prudent selection of municipal securities, regardless of which direction the market may move. Any capital appreciation realized by the Fund will generally result in the distribution of taxable capital gains to Common Shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. See The Funds InvestmentsInvestment Policies.
Investment Philosophy
Nuveen Asset Management believes that the unique tax treatment of municipal securities and the structural characteristics in the municipal securities market create attractive opportunities to enhance the after-tax total return and diversification of the investment portfolios of taxable investors. Nuveen Asset Management believes that these unique characteristics also present unique risks that may be managed to realize the benefits of the asset class.
31
After-Tax Income Potential. The primary source of total return from municipal securities comes from the tax-exempt income derived therefrom. Nuveen Asset Management believes that, at acceptable levels of credit risk and maturity principal risk, the municipal securities market offers the potential for higher after-tax income when compared with other fixed income markets.
Managing Multi-Faceted Risks. Risk in the municipal securities market is derived from multiple sources, including credit risk at the issuer and sector levels, structural risks such as call risk, yield curve risk, and legislative and tax-related risks. Nuveen Asset Management believes that managing these risks at both the individual security and Fund portfolio levels is an important element of realizing the after-tax income and total return potential of the asset class.
Opportunities to Identify Underrated and Undervalued Municipal Securities. Within the state and national municipal securities markets, there are issuers with a wide array of financing purposes, security terms, offering structures and credit quality. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the size, depth and other characteristics of the state and national municipal securities markets offer a broad opportunity set of individual issuers in securities that may be underrated and undervalued relative to the general market.
Market Inefficiencies. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the scale and intricacy of the municipal securities market often results in pricing anomalies and other inefficiencies that can be identified and capitalized on through trading strategies.
Investment Process
Nuveen Asset Management believes that a bottom-up, value-oriented investment strategy that seeks to identify underrated and undervalued securities and sectors is positioned to capture the opportunities inherent in the municipal securities market and potentially outperform the general municipal securities market over time. The primary elements of Nuveen Asset Managements investment process are:
Credit Analysis and Surveillance. Nuveen Asset Management focuses on bottom-up, fundamental analysis of municipal securities issuers. Analysts screen each sector for issuers that meet the fundamental tests of creditworthiness and favor those securities with demonstrable growth potential, solid coverage of debt service and a priority lien on hard assets, dedicated revenue streams or tax resources. As part of Nuveen Asset Managements overall risk management process, analysts actively monitor the credit quality of portfolio holdings.
Sector Analysis. Organized by sector, analysts continually assess the key issues and trends affecting each sector in order to maintain a sector outlook. Evaluating such factors as historical default rates and average credit spreads within each sector, analysts provide top-down analysis that supports decisions to overweight or underweight a given sector in a portfolio.
Diversification. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to invest in a large number of sectors, states and specific issuers in order to help insulate a portfolio from events that affect any individual industry, geographic location or credit. Portfolio managers normally seek to limit exposure to individual credits over the long-term. Portfolio managers also seek to diversify other portfolio level risks, including exposure to calls, and to manage a portfolios interest rate sensitivity within tolerance bands relative to the relevant benchmark.
Trading Strategies. Through its trading strategies, Nuveen Asset Management seeks to enhance portfolio value by trading to take advantage of inefficiencies found in the municipal market. This may entail selling issues Nuveen Asset Management deems to be overvalued and purchasing issues Nuveen Asset Management considers to be undervalued.
Sell Discipline. Nuveen Asset Management generally sells securities when it (i) determines a security has become overvalued or over-rated, (ii) identifies credit deterioration, or (iii) modifies a portfolio strategy, such as sector allocation. Nuveen Asset Management may also sell securities when such securities exceed the portfolios diversification targets.
32
Investment Policies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests its Managed Assets in a portfolio of municipal securities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California federal income tax. It is a fundamental policy that, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities and other related investments, the income from which is exempt from regular federal and California income taxes. As a non-fundamental policy which may be changed by the Funds Board without shareholder notice, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests 100% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase. As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board upon 60 days notice to shareholders, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase.
As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in investment grade municipal securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by at least one NRSRO or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. Also, as a non-fundamental policy, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that, at the time of investment, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management. Additionally, as a non-fundamental policy, no more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- or that are unrated but judged to be of Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest in distressed securities. The Fund may not invest in the securities of an issuer which, at the time of investment, is in default on its obligations to pay principal or interest thereon when due or that is involved in a bankruptcy proceeding (i.e., rated below C-, at the time of investment); provided, however, that Nuveen Asset Management may determine that it is in the best interest of shareholders in pursuing a workout arrangement with issuers of defaulted securities to make loans to the defaulted issuer or another party, or purchase a debt, equity or other interest from the defaulted issuer or another party, or take other related or similar steps involving the investment of additional monies, but only if that issuers securities are already held by the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. The economic effect of leverage through the Funds purchase of inverse floating rate securities creates an opportunity for increased net income and returns, but also creates the possibility that the Funds long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of leverage exceeds the return on the inverse floating rate securities purchased by the Fund.
Securities of below investment grade quality (Ba/BB or below) are commonly referred to as junk bonds. Issuers of securities rated Ba/BB or B are regarded as having current capacity to make principal and interest payments but are subject to business, financial or economic conditions which could adversely affect such payment capacity. Municipal securities rated Baa or BBB are considered investment grade securities; municipal securities rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations which lack outstanding investment characteristics and have speculative characteristics, while municipal securities rated BBB are regarded as having adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Municipal securities rated AAA in which the Fund may invest may have been so rated on the basis of the existence of insurance guaranteeing the timely payment, when due, of all principal and interest. Municipal securities rated below investment grade quality are obligations of issuers that are considered predominately speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal according to the terms of the obligation and, therefore, carry greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy and increased market price volatility. Municipal securities rated below investment grade tend to be less marketable than higher-quality securities because the market for them is less broad. The market for unrated municipal securities is even narrower. During periods of thin trading in these markets, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly and the Fund may have greater difficulty selling its portfolio securities. The Fund will be more dependent on Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Managements research and analysis when investing in these securities.
33
The ratings of S&P, Moodys and Fitch represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal securities they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield.
The foregoing credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that an NRSRO downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issuer or that valuation changes of various bonds cause the Funds portfolio to fail to satisfy those policies. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management may consider such factors as Nuveen Asset Managements assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. See Municipal Securities, below. The Fund may also invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies (up to 10% of its total assets) that invest primarily in municipal bonds of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. See Other Investment Companies.
As of January 31, 2020, the effective maturity of the Funds portfolio was 22.49 years. The Fund will generally invest in municipal securities with intermediate or long-term maturities. Generally, the Fund is expected to have an average effective maturity of 15 to 30 years. The average effective maturity of obligations held by the Fund may be shortened or lengthened, depending on market conditions. As a result, the Funds portfolio at any given time may include both long-term and intermediate-term municipal securities. Moreover, during temporary defensive periods (e.g., times when, in Nuveen Fund Advisors opinion, temporary imbalances of supply and demand or other temporary dislocations in the tax-exempt bond market adversely affect the price at which long-term or intermediate-term municipal securities are available), and in order to help keep the Funds assets fully invested, the Fund may invest any percentage of its net assets in short-term investments including high quality, short-term debt securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. The Fund will generally select obligations which may not be redeemed at the option of the issuer for approximately seven to nine years.
The Fund may purchase municipal securities that are additionally secured by insurance, bank credit agreements, or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide such credit enhancements may affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature may reduce certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Funds income. The insurance feature guarantees only the payment of principal and interest on the obligation when due and does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations, which will fluctuate with the bond market and the financial success of the issuer and the insurer, and the effectiveness and value of the insurance itself is dependent on the continued creditworthiness of the insurer. No representation is made as to the insurers ability to meet their commitments.
Obligations of issuers of municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. In addition, the obligations of such issuers may become subject to the laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures or referenda extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon municipalities to levy taxes. There is also the possibility that, as a result of legislation or other conditions, the power or ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its municipal securities may be materially affected.
The Fund may invest in tobacco settlement bonds. Tobacco settlement bonds are municipal securities that are secured or payable solely from the collateralization of the proceeds from class action or other litigation against the tobacco industry. Investments in tobacco settlement bonds are subject to risks. See RisksPortfolio Level RisksTobacco Settlement Bond Risk below.
The Fund also may invest in certain derivative instruments in pursuit of its investment objectives. Such instruments may include financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default
34
swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts, or other derivative instruments. Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of hedging strategies may generate taxable income. As of December 31, 2019, the Fund was not invested in any derivatives. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesDerivatives.
Assets means net assets of the Fund plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund, minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than Fund liabilities incurred for the express purpose of creating leverage). Total assets for this purpose shall include assets attributable to the Funds use of leverage (whether or not those assets are reflected in the Funds financial statements for purposes of generally accepted accounting principles), and derivatives will be valued at their market value.
The Fund cannot change its investment objectives without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, and with the prior written consent of the liquidity providers for VRDP Shares, such consent to be determined in each liquidity providers good faith discretion. A majority of the outstanding, under the 1940 Act, means (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares, whichever is less. See Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights for additional information with respect to the voting rights of Fund shareholders.
As of January 31, 2020, approximately 85% of the Funds Managed Assets were invested in municipal securities rated investment grade by an NRSRO (including S&P, Moodys or Fitch). The relative percentages of the value of the investments attributable to investment grade municipal securities and to below investment grade municipal securities could change over time as a result of rebalancing the Funds assets by Nuveen Asset Management, market value fluctuations, issuance of additional shares and other events.
The Fund is diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act. Consequently, as to 75% of its assets, the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any single issuer.
Portfolio Composition and Other Information
The Funds portfolio will be composed principally of the following investments.
Municipal Securities
General. The Fund may invest in various municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax (as previously defined, municipal securities). Municipal securities are generally debt obligations issued by state and local governmental entities and may be issued by U.S. territories to finance or refinance public projects such as roads, schools, and water supply systems. Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned transportation, electric utility and pollution control projects. Municipal securities may be issued on a long-term basis to provide permanent financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments and mortgage payments. Municipal securities may also be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt. Municipal securities may be issued and purchased in the form of bonds, notes, leases or certificates of participation; structured as callable or non-callable; with payment forms including fixed coupon, variable rate, zero coupon,
35
capital appreciation bonds, tender option bonds, and residual interest bonds or inverse floating rate securities; or acquired through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships or other investment companies. Inverse floating rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates that vary inversely with changes in prevailing short-term tax-exempt interest rates and represent a leveraged investment in an underlying municipal security.
Municipal securities are either general obligation or revenue bonds and typically are issued to finance public projects (such as roads or public buildings), to pay general operating expenses, or to refinance outstanding debt.
General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit or taxing authority of the issuer and may be repaid from any revenue source. Revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source. Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned industrial development and pollution control projects. However, the obligation to repay the principal and interest rests with the private entity involved, not with the public entity that issues the bonds. The Fund may also purchase other municipal securities that represent lease obligations, municipal notes, pre-refunded municipal securities, private activity bonds, tender option bonds and other related securities and derivative instruments that create exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities and that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal and California income tax.
The municipal securities in which the Fund will invest are generally issued by the State of California, a municipality in California, or a political subdivision or agency or instrumentality of such state or municipality, and pay interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer (or on the basis of other authority believed by Nuveen Asset Management to be reliable), is exempt from regular federal and California personal income taxes and is also exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. The Fund may invest in municipal securities issued by U.S. territories and possessions (such as Puerto Rico or Guam) that are exempt from regular federal and California personal income taxes.
The Fund may invest in tobacco settlement bonds. Tobacco settlement bonds are municipal securities that are secured or payable solely from the collateralization of the proceeds from class action or other litigation against the tobacco industry. Investments in tobacco settlement bonds are subject to risks. See RisksPortfolio Level RisksTobacco Settlement Bond Risk below.
The yields on municipal securities depend on a variety of factors, including prevailing interest rates and the condition of the general money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The market value of municipal securities will vary with changes in interest rate levels and as a result of changing evaluations of the ability of their issuers to meet interest and principal payments.
A municipal securitys market value generally will depend upon its form, maturity, call features, and interest rate, as well as the credit quality of the issuer, all such factors examined in the context of the municipal securities market and interest rate levels and trends.
Maturity and Duration. The Fund will generally invest in California municipal securities with long-term maturities in order to maintain an average effective maturity of 15 to 30 years, but the average effective maturity of obligations held by the Fund may be shortened or lengthened, depending on market conditions and on an assessment by the Funds portfolio manager of which segments of the California municipal securities market offer the most favorable relative investment values and opportunities for tax-exempt income and total return. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a
36
security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. For example, the price of a bond with an effective duration of two years will rise (fall) two percent for every one percent decrease (increase) in its yield, and the price of a five-year duration bond will rise (fall) five percent for a one percent decrease (increase) in its yield. As of January 31, 2020, the average leverage-adjusted effective duration was 10.87 years.
Municipal Leases and Certificates of Participation. The Fund also may purchase municipal securities that represent lease obligations and certificates of participation in such leases. These carry special risks because the issuer of the securities may not be obligated to appropriate money annually to make payments under the lease. A municipal lease is an obligation in the form of a lease or installment purchase which is issued by a state or local government to acquire equipment and facilities. Income from such obligations is generally exempt from state and local taxes in the state of issuance. Leases and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which normally provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the governmental issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt issuance limitations are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of non-appropriation clauses that relieve the governmental issuer of any obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. In addition, such leases or contracts may be subject to the temporary abatement of payments in the event the issuer is prevented from maintaining occupancy of the leased premises or utilizing the leased equipment or facilities. Although the obligations may be secured by the leased equipment or facilities, the disposition of the property in the event of non-appropriation or foreclosure might prove difficult, time consuming and costly, and result in a delay in recovering, or the failure to recover fully, the Funds original investment. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated municipal leases or participates in such leases, the credit quality rating and risk of cancellation of such unrated leases will be monitored on an ongoing basis. In order to reduce this risk, the Fund will only purchase municipal securities representing lease obligations where Nuveen Asset Management believes the issuer has a strong incentive to continue making appropriations until maturity.
A certificate of participation represents an undivided interest in an unmanaged pool of municipal leases, an installment purchase agreement or other instruments. The certificates are typically issued by a municipal agency, a trust or other entity that has received an assignment of the payments to be made by the state or political subdivision under such leases or installment purchase agreements. Such certificates provide the Fund with the right to a pro rata undivided interest in the underlying municipal securities. In addition, such participations generally provide the Fund with the right to demand payment, on not more than seven days notice, of all or any part of the Funds participation interest in the underlying municipal securities, plus accrued interest.
Municipal Notes. Municipal securities in the form of notes generally are used to provide for short-term capital needs, in anticipation of an issuers receipt of other revenues or financing, and typically have maturities of up to three years. Such instruments may include tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes and construction loan notes. Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance the working capital needs of governments. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various tax revenues, such as income, sales, property, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes. Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other kinds of revenue, such as federal revenues available under federal revenue sharing programs. Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term bond financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the funds needed for repayment of the bond anticipation notes. Tax and revenue anticipation notes combine the funding sources of both tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes. Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. Mortgage notes insured by the Federal Housing Authority secure these notes; however, the proceeds from the insurance may be less than the economic equivalent of the payment of principal and interest on the mortgage note if there has been a default. The anticipated revenues from taxes, grants or bond financing generally secure the
37
obligations of an issuer of municipal notes. An investment in such instruments, however, presents a risk that the anticipated revenues will not be received or that such revenues will be insufficient to satisfy the issuers payment obligations under the notes or that refinancing will be otherwise unavailable.
Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities. The principal of and interest on pre-refunded municipal securities are no longer paid from the original revenue source for the securities. Instead, the source of such payments is typically an escrow fund consisting of U.S. government securities. The assets in the escrow fund are derived from the proceeds of refunding bonds issued by the same issuer as the pre-refunded municipal securities. Issuers of municipal securities use this advance refunding technique to obtain more favorable terms with respect to securities that are not yet subject to call or redemption by the issuer. For example, advance refunding enables an issuer to refinance debt at lower market interest rates, restructure debt to improve cash flow or eliminate restrictive covenants in the indenture or other governing instrument for the pre-refunded municipal securities. However, except for a change in the revenue source from which principal and interest payments are made, the pre-refunded municipal securities remain outstanding on their original terms until they mature or are redeemed by the issuer. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), interest paid on a municipal bond issued after December 31, 2017 to advance refund another municipal bond is subject to federal income tax.
Private Activity Bonds. Private activity bonds, formerly referred to as industrial development bonds, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities, although the current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues. The Funds distributions of its interest income from private activity bonds may subject certain investors to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. However, the Fund will only invest in private activity bonds that are not subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
Inverse Floating Rate Securities. Inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters) are securities whose interest rates bear an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security or the value of an index. Generally, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. The special purpose trust typically sells two classes of beneficial interests or securities: floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as short-term floaters or tender option bonds) and inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters or residual interest securities). Both classes of beneficial interests are represented by certificates. The short-term floating rate securities have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the special purpose trust. Typically, a third party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution, grants the floating rate security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives periodic fees. The holder of the short-term floater effectively holds a demand obligation that bears interest at prevailing short-term, interest rates. However, the institution granting the tender option will not be obligated to accept tendered short-term floaters in the event of certain defaults or a significant downgrade in the credit rating assigned to the bond issuer. For its inverse floating rate investment, the Fund receives the residual cash flow from the special purpose trust. Because the holder of the short-term floater is generally assured liquidity at the face value of the security, the Fund as the holder of the inverse floater assumes the interest rate cash flow risk and the market value risk associated with the municipal security deposited into the special purpose trust. The volatility of the interest cash flow and the residual market value will vary with the degree to which the trust is leveraged. This is expressed in the ratio of the total face value of the short-term floaters in relation to the value of the residual inverse floaters that are issued by the special purpose trust. In addition, all voting rights and decisions to be made with respect to any other rights relating to the municipal bonds held in the special purpose trust are passed through to the Fund, as the holder of the residual interest securities.
38
Because increases in the interest rate on the short-term floaters reduce the residual interest paid on inverse floaters, and because fluctuations in the value of the municipal bond deposited in the special purpose trust affect the value of the inverse floater only, and not the value of the short-term floater issued by the trust, inverse floaters value is generally more volatile than that of fixed rate bonds. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is generally more volatile than the underlying securities due to the leveraging effect of this ownership structure. These securities generally will underperform the market of fixed rate bonds in a rising interest rate environment (i.e., when bond values are falling), but tend to outperform the market of fixed rate bonds when interest rates decline or remain relatively stable. Although volatile, inverse floaters typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate bonds with comparable credit quality, coupon, call provisions and maturity. Inverse floaters have varying degrees of liquidity based upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust.
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Fund Advisors discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party granting liquidity to the floating rate security holders of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third party granting liquidity to the floating rate security holders the special purpose trust, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. Such agreements may expose the Fund to a risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities. Absent a shortfall and forbearance agreement, the Fund would not be required to make such a reimbursement. If the Fund chooses not to enter into such an agreement, the special purpose trust could be liquidated and the Fund could incur a loss. See also Portfolio Composition and Other InformationSegregation of Assets in the SAI.
The Fund may invest in both inverse floating rate securities and floating rate securities (as discussed below) issued by the same special purpose trust.
The Fund will segregate or earmark liquid assets with its custodian in accordance with the 1940 Act to cover its obligations with respect to its investments in special purpose trusts.
Investments in inverse floating rate securities have the economic effect of leverage. The use of leverage creates special risks for Common Shareholders. See Leverage and RisksFund Level RisksLeverage Risk and Inverse Floating Rate Securities Risk.
Floating Rate Securities. The Fund may also invest in floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts. Floating rate securities may take the form of short-term floating rate securities or the option period may be substantially longer. Generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal securities with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option, which may vary from weekly, to monthly, to extended periods of one year or multiple years. Since the option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying bond deposited in the trust, the Fund as the holder of the floating rate security relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the option as well as the credit strength of that institution. As further assurance of liquidity, the terms of the trust provide for a liquidation of the municipal bond deposited in the trust and the application of the proceeds to pay off the floating rate securities. The trusts that are organized to issue both short-term floating rate securities and inverse floaters generally include liquidation triggers to protect the investor in the floating rate securities.
39
Special Taxing Districts. Special taxing districts are organized to plan and finance infrastructure developments to induce residential, commercial and industrial growth and redevelopment. The bond financing methods such as tax increment finance, tax assessment, special services district and Mello-Roos bonds, are generally payable solely from taxes or other revenues attributable to the specific projects financed by the bonds without recourse to the credit or taxing power of related or overlapping municipalities. They often are exposed to real estate development-related risks and can have more taxpayer concentration risk than general tax-supported bonds, such as general obligation bonds. Further, the fees, special taxes, or tax allocations and other revenues that are established to secure such financings are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. The bonds could default if development failed to progress as anticipated or if larger taxpayers failed to pay the assessments, fees and taxes as provided in the financing plans of the districts.
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions. The Fund may buy and sell municipal securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, making payment or taking delivery at a later date, normally within 15 to 45 days of the trade date. This type of transaction may involve an element of risk because no interest accrues on the bonds prior to settlement and, because bonds are subject to market fluctuations, the value of the bonds at time of delivery may be less (or more) than cost. A separate account of the Fund will be established with its custodian consisting of cash, cash equivalents, or liquid securities having a market value at all times at least equal to the amount of the commitment. Income generated by any such assets which provide taxable income for federal income tax purposes is includable in the taxable income of the Fund and, to the extent distributed, will be taxable distributions to shareholders. The Fund may enter into contracts to purchase municipal bonds on a forward basis (i.e., where settlement will occur more than 60 days from the date of the transaction) only to the extent that the Fund specifically collateralizes such obligations with a security that is expected to be called or mature within sixty days before or after the settlement date of the forward transaction. The commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward basis may involve an element of risk because no interest accrues on the bonds prior to settlement and at the time of delivery the market value may be less than cost.
Zero Coupon Bonds. A zero coupon bond is a bond that typically does not pay interest either for the entire life of the obligation or for an initial period after the issuance of the obligation. When held to its maturity, the holder receives the par value of the zero coupon bond, which generates a return equal to the difference between the purchase price and its maturity value. A zero coupon bond is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. This original issue discount (OID) approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound prior to its maturity and reflects the payment deferral and credit risk associated with the instrument. Because zero coupon securities and other OID instruments do not pay cash interest at regular intervals, the instruments ongoing accruals require ongoing judgments concerning the collectability of deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. As a result, these securities may be subject to greater value fluctuations and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash on a current basis. Because zero coupon bonds, and OID instruments generally, allow an issuer to avoid or delay the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments, they may involve greater payment deferral and credit risk than coupon loans and bonds that pay interest currently or in cash. The Fund generally will be required to distribute dividends to shareholders representing the income of these instruments as it accrues, even though the Fund will not receive all of the income on a current basis or in cash. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments, including when it may not be advisable to do so, and use the cash proceeds to make income distributions to its shareholders. For accounting purposes, these cash distributions to shareholders will not be treated as a return of capital.
Further, Nuveen Fund Advisors collects management fees on the value of a zero coupon bond or OID instrument attributable to the ongoing non-cash accrual of interest over the life of the bond or other instrument. As a result, Nuveen Fund Advisors receives non-refundable cash payments based on such non-cash accruals while the Fund and Common Shareholders incur the risk that such non-cash accruals ultimately may not be realized.
40
Structured Notes. The Fund may utilize structured notes and similar instruments for investment purposes and also for hedging purposes. Structured notes are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an embedded index), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but not ordinarily below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending upon a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index or indices or other assets. Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. These types of investments may generate taxable income.
Inter-Fund Borrowing and Lending. The SEC has granted an exemptive order permitting the Nuveen registered open-end and closed-end funds, including the Fund, to participate in an inter-fund lending facility whereby those funds may directly lend to and borrow money from each other for temporary purposes (e.g., to satisfy redemption requests or when a sale of securities fails, resulting in an unanticipated cash shortfall) (the Inter-Fund Program). The closed-end Nuveen funds will participate only as lenders, and not as borrowers, in the Inter-Fund Program because such closed-end funds rarely, if ever, need to borrow cash to meet redemptions. The Inter-Fund Program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) no fund may borrow or lend money through the Inter-Fund Program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is typically available from a bank or other financial institution for a comparable transaction; (2) no fund may borrow on an unsecured basis through the Inter-Fund Program unless the funds outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the inter-fund borrowing total 10% or less of its total assets; provided that if the borrowing fund has a secured borrowing outstanding from any other lender, including but not limited to another fund, the inter-fund loan must be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value; (3) if a funds total outstanding borrowings immediately after an inter-fund borrowing would be greater than 10% of its total assets, the fund may borrow through the inter-fund loan on a secured basis only; (4) no fund may lend money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the Inter-Fund Program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan; (5) a funds inter-fund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending funds net assets; (6) the duration of inter-fund loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days; and (7) each inter-fund loan may be called on one business days notice by a lending fund and may be repaid on any day by a borrowing fund. In addition, a Nuveen fund may participate in the Inter-Fund Program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the funds investment objective and investment policies. The Board of the Nuveen Funds is responsible for overseeing the Inter-Fund Program. The limitations detailed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting the Inter-Fund Program are designed to minimize the risks associated with Inter-Fund Program for both the lending fund and the borrowing fund. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. When a fund borrows money from another fund, there is a risk that the loan could be called on one days notice or not renewed, in which case the fund may have to borrow from a bank at a higher rate or take other actions to payoff such loan if an inter-fund loan is not available from another fund. Any delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs.
Special Considerations Relating to California Municipal Securities
As described above, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities and other related investments, the income from which is exempt from regular federal and California income tax. The Fund is therefore susceptible to political, economic or regulatory factors affecting issuers of California municipal securities. See Concentration Risk in California Issuers and Appendix A of this Prospectus (Factors Affecting Municipal Securities in California). Information regarding the financial condition of the State of California is
41
ordinarily included in various public documents issued thereby, such as the official statements prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of the State of California. Such official statements may be obtained by contacting the State Treasurers Office at 800-900-3873 or at www.treasurer.ca.gov. Complete text of the proposed 2020-21 budget, the current 2019-20 budget and prior budgets may be found at the electronic budget website of the Department of Finance (www.ebudget.ca.gov). Complete text of the State Controllers monthly cash reports may be accessed at the State Controllers website (www.sco.ca.gov).
The State of California is a party to numerous legal proceedings, many of which normally occur in governmental operations. Information regarding some of the more significant litigation pending against the State would ordinarily be included in various public documents issued thereby, such as the official statements referred to above prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of California.
The Legislative Analysts Office (the LAO) has released several reports which include their estimates and assessments of State budget acts and associated fiscal and economic projections. Publications from the LAO can be read in full by accessing the LAOs website (www.lao.ca.gov) or by contacting the LAO at 916-445-4656.
It should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local California issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State of California, and that there is no obligation on the part of the State of California to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.
None of the information on the above website is incorporated herein by reference.
Derivatives
The Fund may invest in certain derivative instruments in pursuit of its investment objectives. Such instruments include financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts or other derivative instruments. Credit default swaps may require initial premium (discount) payments as well as periodic payments (receipts) related to the interest leg of the swap or to the default of a reference obligation. If the Fund is a seller of a contract, the Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default or other credit event by the reference issuer, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, with respect to such debt obligations. In return, the Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If the Fund is a buyer of a contract, the Fund would have the right to deliver a referenced debt obligation and receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of such debt obligation from the counterparty in the event of a default or other credit event (such as a credit downgrade) by the reference issuer, such as a U.S. or foreign corporation, with respect to its debt obligations. In return, the Fund would pay the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the counterparty would keep the stream of payments and would have no further obligations to the Fund. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with a counterparty of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed-rate payments for floating rate payments. The Fund will usually enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments.
See Hedging Strategies and other Uses of Derivatives and Segregation of Assets in the SAI.
The requirements for qualification as a RIC may also limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in futures, options on futures and swaps. See Tax Matters.
42
Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to attempt to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of strategies may generate taxable income. With respect to the Funds investment policies, for purposes of calculating net assets, the Fund will value eligible derivatives at fair value or market value instead of notional value.
There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management will determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful.
Swap Transactions. The Fund may enter into interest rate and credit default swap agreements and interest rate caps, floors and collars. The Fund may also enter into options on the foregoing types of swap agreements (swap options).
The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any purpose consistent with its investment objectives and strategies, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, as a duration management technique, to attempt to reduce risk arising from the ownership of a particular instrument, or to gain exposure to certain sectors or markets in the most economical way possible.
Swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for a specified period of time. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined asset, reference rate or index. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, e.g., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. The notional amount of the swap agreement generally is only used as a basis upon which to calculate the obligations that the parties to the swap agreement have agreed to exchange. See Segregation of Assets below.
Interest Rate Swaps, Caps, Collars and Floors. Interest rate swaps are bilateral contracts in which each party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on different referenced interest rates (e.g., a fixed rate and a floating rate) applied to a specified notional amount. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate floor. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index rises above a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. Interest rate collars involve selling a cap and purchasing a floor or vice versa to protect the Fund against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
The use of interest rate transactions, such as interest rate swaps and caps, is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the Funds use of interest rate swaps or caps could enhance or harm the overall performance of the Funds common shares. To the extent there is a decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, and could result in a decline in the NAV of the common shares. In addition, if short-term interest rates are lower than the Funds fixed rate of payment on the interest rate swap, the swap will reduce common share net earnings. If, on the other hand, short-term interest rates are higher than the fixed rate of payment on the interest rate swap, the swap will enhance common share net earnings. Buying interest rate caps could enhance the performance of the common shares by providing a maximum leverage expense. Buying interest rate caps could also decrease the net earnings of the common shares in the event that the premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty exceeds the additional amount such Fund would have been required to pay had it not entered into the cap agreement.
43
Credit Default Swaps. A credit default swap is a bilateral contract that enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a defined-issuer credit event. The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements either as a buyer or a seller. The Fund may buy protection to attempt to mitigate the risk of default or credit quality deterioration in an individual security or a segment of the fixed income securities market to which it has exposure, or to take a short position in individual bonds or market segments which it does not own. The Fund may sell protection in an attempt to gain exposure to the credit quality characteristics of particular bonds or market segments without investing directly in those bonds or market segments. As the buyer of protection in a credit default swap, the Fund would pay a premium (by means of an upfront payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement) in return for the right to deliver a referenced bond or group of bonds to the protection seller and receive the full notional or par value (or other agreed upon value) upon a default (or similar event) by the issuer(s) of the underlying referenced obligation(s). If no default occurs, the protection seller would keep the stream of payments and would have no further obligation to the Fund. Thus, the cost to the Fund would be the premium paid with respect to the agreement. If a credit event occurs, however, the Fund may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. The Fund bears the risk that the protection seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations.
If the Fund is a seller of protection in a credit default swap and no credit event occurs, the Fund would generally receive an up-front payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap. If a credit event occurs, however, generally the Fund would have to pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. As the protection seller, the Fund effectively adds the economic equivalent of leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Thus, the Fund bears the same risk as it would by buying the reference obligations directly, plus the additional risks related to obtaining investment exposure through a derivative instrument discussed below under Risks Associated with Swap Transactions.
Swap Options. A swap option is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation), in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms. A cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund generally would incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than when it purchases a swap option. When the Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swap option, upon exercise of the option the Fund would become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Risks Associated with Swap Transactions. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity which involves strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. If Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management is incorrect in its forecasts of default risks, market spreads or other applicable factors or events, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. As the protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively adds the economic equivalent of leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The Fund generally may only close out a swap, cap, floor, collar or other two-party contract with its particular counterparty, and generally may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. In addition, the price at which the Fund may close out such a two party contract may not correlate with the price change in the underlying reference asset. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will succeed in enforcing its rights. It also is possible that developments in the derivatives market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap or other agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
44
Futures and Options on Futures Generally. The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its investment portfolio against market risk by engaging in transactions in financial futures contracts, options on financial futures or options that either are based on an index of long-term municipal securities (i.e., those with average remaining maturities of more than 15 years) or relate to debt securities whose prices Nuveen Asset Management anticipates to correlate with the prices of the municipal securities the Fund owns. To accomplish such hedging, the Fund may take an investment position in a futures contract or in an option which is expected to move in the opposite direction from the position being hedged. Hedging may be utilized to reduce the risk that the value of securities the Fund owns may decline on account of an increase in interest rates and to hedge against increases in the cost of the securities the Fund intends to purchase as a result of a decline in interest rates. The use of futures and options for hedging purposes can be expected to result in taxable income or gain. The Fund currently intends to allocate any taxable income or gain proportionately between its common shares and its Preferred Shares. See Tax Matters. If futures are used for hedging purposes, there can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the futures contract and in the underlying financial instruments that are being hedged. This could result from differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the financial instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading (e.g., differences in interest rate levels, maturities and the creditworthiness of issuers) among other factors. In addition, price movements of futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements of the financial instruments underlying the futures contracts due to certain market distortions. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security, index or interest rate (each a financial instrument) for a set price on a future date. Certain futures contracts, such as futures contracts relating to individual securities, call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument. However, these contracts generally are closed out before delivery by entering into an offsetting purchase or sale of a matching futures contract (same exchange, underlying financial instrument, and delivery month). Other futures contracts, such as futures contracts on interest rates and indices, do not call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument, but rather are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the financial instrument at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the contract was originally written. These contracts also may be settled by entering into an offsetting futures contract.
Successful use of futures by the Fund also is subject to Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the relevant market. For example, if the Fund uses futures to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the market value of securities held in its portfolio and the prices of such securities increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the securities which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. Furthermore, if in such circumstances the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements. The Fund may have to sell such securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The sale of financial futures or the purchase of put options on financial futures or on debt securities or indexes is a means of hedging against the risk of rising interest rates, whereas the purchase of financial futures or of call options on financial futures or on debt securities or indexes is a means of hedging the Funds portfolio against an increase in the price of securities such Fund intends to purchase. Writing a call option on a futures contract or on debt securities or indexes may serve as a hedge against a modest decline in prices of municipal securities held in the Funds portfolio, and writing a put option on a futures contract or on debt securities or indexes may serve as a partial hedge against an increase in the value of municipal securities the Fund intends to acquire. The writing of these options provides a hedge to the extent of the premium received in the writing transaction. The Fund may not enter into a futures contract or related options or forward contracts if more than 30% of the Funds net assets would be represented by futures contracts or more than 5% of the Funds net assets would be committed to initial margin deposits and premiums on futures contracts and related options.
Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), an amount of cash or securities equal to a varying specified percentage of the contract amount. This amount is known as initial margin. The margin deposit is intended to
45
ensure completion of the contract. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the futures exchanges and may be revised. In addition, FCMs may establish margin deposit requirements that are higher than the exchange minimums. Cash held in the margin account generally is not income producing. However, coupon-bearing securities, such as Treasury securities, held in margin accounts generally will earn income.
Subsequent payments to and from the FCM, called variation margin, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying financial instrument fluctuates, making the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking the contract to market. Changes in variation margin are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will operate to terminate its position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a gain or loss. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of an FCM that holds margin on behalf of the Fund, the Fund may be entitled to the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCMs other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund. Futures transactions also involve brokerage costs and the Fund may have to segregate additional liquid assets in accordance with applicable SEC requirements. See Segregation of Assets below.
A futures option gives the purchaser of such option the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the purchaser acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. Upon the exercise of a put option, the opposite is true.
There are certain risks associated with the use of financial futures and options to hedge investment portfolios. There may be an imperfect correlation between price movements of the futures and options and price movements of the portfolio securities being hedged. Losses may be incurred in hedging transactions, which could reduce the portfolio gains that might have been realized if the hedging transactions had not been entered into.
If the Fund engages in futures transactions or in the writing of options on futures, it will be required to maintain initial margin and maintenance margin and may be required to make daily variation margin payments in accordance with applicable rules of the exchanges and the CFTC. If the Fund purchases a financial futures contract or a call option or writes a put option in order to hedge the anticipated purchase of municipal securities, and if the Fund fails to complete the anticipated purchase transaction, the Fund may have a loss or a gain on the futures or options transaction that will not be offset by price movements in the municipal securities that were the subject of the anticipatory hedge. The cost of put options on debt securities or indexes effectively increases the cost of the securities subject to them, thereby reducing the yield otherwise available from these securities. If the Fund decides to use futures contracts or options on futures contracts for hedging purposes, the Fund will be required to establish an account for such purposes with one or more CFTC-registered futures commission merchants. A futures commission merchant could establish initial and maintenance margin requirements for the Fund that are greater than those which would otherwise apply to the Fund under applicable rules of the exchanges and the CFTC.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a derivatives or futures or a futures option position, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
46
Segregation of Assets
As a closed-end investment company registered with the SEC, the Fund is subject to the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and various interpretive positions of the SEC and its staff. In accordance with these laws, rules and positions, the Fund must maintain liquid assets (often referred to as asset segregation), or engage in other SEC staff-approved measures, to cover open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments and financial agreements (such as reverse repurchase agreements). Generally, the Fund will maintain an amount of liquid assets with its custodian in an amount at least equal to the current amount of its obligations, including the value of unpaid past and future payment obligations, under derivative instruments and financial agreements, in accordance with SEC guidance. However, the Fund also may cover certain obligations by other means such as through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument. The Fund also may enter into offsetting transactions with respect to certain obligations consistent with existing guidance from the SEC and its staff so that its combined position, coupled with any liquid assets maintained by its custodian, equals its net outstanding obligation in related derivatives or financial agreements. In the case of long positions in financial futures contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, the Fund may set aside or earmark liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions equal to such contracts full notional value, less any margin on deposit for liquid assets, while the positions are open. In the case of short positions in financial futures contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, the Fund may set aside or earmark liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions equal to such contracts current market value, less any margin on deposit for liquid assets, while the positions are open. With respect to financial futures contracts that are contractually required to cash settle, however, the Fund is permitted to set aside liquid assets or enter into an offsetting position in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Funds daily net liability) under the contracts, if any, rather than such contracts full notional value. If the Fund writes credit default swaps, it will segregate the full notional amount of the payment obligation under the credit default swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a credit event. The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts. With respect to such investments, the Fund will segregate or earmark assets in an amount equal to at least 100% of the face amount of the floating rate securities issued by such trusts.
The Fund reserves the right to modify its policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff, such as the SECs proposed rules governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, regarding asset segregation.
To the extent the Fund uses its assets to cover its obligations as required by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and applicable positions of the SEC and its staff, such assets may not be used for other operational purposes. Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management will monitor the Funds use of derivatives and will take action as necessary for the purpose of complying with the asset segregation policy stated above. Such actions may include the sale of the Funds portfolio investments.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies (including ETFs) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. The Fund may invest in investment companies that are advised by Nuveen Fund Advisors, Nuveen Asset Management or their respective affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC. The Fund has not received or applied for, nor does it currently intend to apply for, any such relief. As a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the Funds advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. The Fund will consider the investments of underlying investment companies when determining compliance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act and when determining compliance with its own concentration policy, in each case to the extent the Fund has sufficient information about such investments after making a reasonable effort to obtain current information about the investments of underlying companies.
47
Nuveen Asset Management will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company relative to available municipal security investments. In addition, because the securities of other investment companies may be leveraged, the Fund may indirectly be subject to those risks and magnify the Funds leverage risks described herein. As described in the section entitled Risk Factors, the NAV and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to Common Shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares.
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may engage in portfolio trading when considered appropriate, but short-term trading will not be used as the primary means of achieving the Funds investment objectives. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it is generally not expected to exceed 25% under normal circumstances. For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 28%. For the six months ended August 31, 2019, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 5%. However, there are no limits on the Funds rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, investment considerations warrant such action. A higher portfolio turnover rate would result in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. Although these commissions and expenses are not reflected in the Funds Total Annual Expenses disclosed in this Prospectus, they will be reflected in the Funds total return. In addition, high portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. See Tax Matters.
The Fund uses leverage to pursue its investment objective. The Fund may use leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund may source leverage through a number of methods including the issuance of Preferred Shares of beneficial interest (Preferred Shares), investments in inverse floating rate securities, entering into reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings (subject to certain investment restrictions). See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesInverse Floating Rate Securities; Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk; Risk FactorsReverse Repurchase Agreements; and Investment Restrictions in the Statement of Additional Information. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. The Fund may also use certain derivatives that have the economic effect of leverage by creating additional investment exposure.
The Fund currently employs leverage primarily through its outstanding VRDP Shares and MFP Shares, both Preferred Shares. For the six months ended August 31, 2019, the average liquidation value of the VRDP Shares outstanding was $292,200,000 and the average annual dividend rate on the VRDP Shares was 1.59%. For the six months ended August 31, 2019, the average liquidation value of the MFP Shares outstanding was $140,400,000 and the average annual dividend rate on the MFP Shares was 1.87%. For the period January 1, 2020 through January 31, 2020, the Funds annualized cost of leverage through preferred shares and through investments in inverse floating rate securities was approximately 1.76%. As of January 31, 2020, the Funds leverage through preferred shares and through investments in inverse floating rate securities was approximately 37% of its Managed Assets.
The Preferred Shares have seniority over the Common Shares. Changes in the value of the Funds bond portfolio, including costs attributable to Preferred Shares, will be borne entirely by Common Shareholders. If there is a net decrease (or increase) in the value of the Funds investment portfolio, the leverage will decrease (or increase) the NAV per Common Share to a greater extent than if the Fund were not leveraged. For tax purposes, the Fund is currently required to allocate net capital gain and other taxable income, if any, between Common Shares and Preferred Shares in proportion to total dividends paid to each class for the year in which the net capital gain or other taxable income is realized. If net capital gain or other taxable income is allocated to
48
Preferred Shares (instead of solely tax-exempt income), the Fund will likely have to pay higher total dividends to preferred shareholders or make special payments to preferred shareholders to compensate them for the increased tax liability. This would reduce the total amount of dividends paid to the Common Shareholders.
The Fund may also borrow for temporary purposes permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund, along with certain other funds managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors (the Participating Funds), are party to a committed unsecured credit facility (the Facility) provided by a group of lender, under which Participating Funds may borrow for temporary purposes only. Outstanding balances drawn by the Fund, or a Participating Fund, will bear interest at a variable rate and is the liability of such Fund. The Facility is not intended for sustained levered investment purposes. A large portion of the Facilitys capacity (and corresponding annual costs, excluding interest cost) is currently allocated by Nuveen Fund Advisors to a small number or Participating Funds, which does not include the Fund. The Facility has a 364-day term and will expire in June 2020 unless extended or renewed.
The Fund may reduce or increase leverage based upon changes in market conditions and anticipates that its leverage ratio will vary from time to time based upon variations in the value of the Funds holdings. So long as the net rate of income received on the Funds investments purchased with leverage proceeds exceeds the then current expense on any leverage, the investment of leverage proceeds will generate more net income than if the Fund had not used leverage. If so, the excess net income will be available to pay higher distributions to Common Shareholders. However, if the rate of net income received from the Funds portfolio investments purchased with leverage is less than the then current expense on outstanding leverage, the Fund may be required to utilize other Fund assets to make expense payments on outstanding leverage, which may result in a decline in Common Share NAV and reduced net investment income available for distribution to Common Shareholders. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk.
Following an offering of additional Common Shares from time to time, the Funds leverage ratio will decrease as a result of the increase in net assets attributable to Common Shares. The Funds leverage ratio may decline further to the extent that the net proceeds of an offering of Common Shares are used to reduce the Funds leverage. A lower leverage ratio may result in lower (higher) returns to Common Shareholders over a period of time to the extent that net returns on the Funds investment portfolio exceed (fall below) its cost of leverage over that period, which lower (higher) returns may impact the level of the Funds distributions. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk.
The Fund may use derivatives, such as interest rate swaps with varying terms, in order to manage the interest rate expense associated with all or a portion of its leverage. Interest rate swaps are bi-lateral agreements whereby parties agree to exchange future payments, typically based upon the differential of a fixed rate and a variable rate, on a specified notional amount. Interest rate swaps can enable a Fund to effectively convert its variable leverage expense to fixed, or vice versa. For example, if the Fund issues leverage having a short-term floating rate of interest, the Fund could use interest rate swaps to hedge against a rise in the short-term benchmark interest rates associated with its outstanding leverage. In doing so, the Fund would seek to achieve lower leverage costs, and thereby enhance Common Share distributions, over an extended period, which would be the result if short-term interest rates on average exceed the fixed interest rate over the term of the swap. To the extent the fixed swap rate is greater than short-term market interest rates on average over the period, overall costs associated with leverage will increase (and thereby reduce distributions to Common Shareholders) than if the Fund had not entered into the interest rate swap(s).
The Fund pays a management fee to Nuveen Fund Advisors (which in turn pays a portion of such fee to Nuveen Asset Management) based on a percentage of Managed Assets. Managed Assets include the proceeds realized and managed from the Funds use of most types of leverage (excluding the leverage exposure attributable to the use of futures, swaps and similar derivatives). Because Managed Assets include the Funds net assets as well as assets that are attributable to the Funds investment of the proceeds of its leverage (including instruments like inverse floating rate securities and reverse repurchase agreements), it is anticipated that the Funds Managed Assets will be greater than its net assets. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset
49
Management are responsible for using leverage to pursue the Funds investment objectives. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management base their decision regarding whether and how much leverage to use for the Fund, and the terms of that leverage, on its assessment of whether such use of leverage is in the best interests of the Fund. However, a decision to employ or increase leverage will have the effect, all other things being equal, of increasing Managed Assets, and in turn Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Managements management fees. Thus, Nuveen Fund Advisors may have a conflict of interest in determining whether to use or increase leverage. Nuveen Fund Advisors will seek to manage that potential conflict by using leverage only when they determine that it would be in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders, and by periodically reviewing with the Board the Funds performance, the Funds degree of overall use of leverage and the impact of the use of leverage on that performance.
The 1940 Act generally defines a senior security as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, and any stock of a class having priority over any other class as to distribution of assets or payment of dividends; however, the term does not include any promissory note or other evidence of indebtedness issued in consideration of any loan, extension, or renewal thereof, made for temporary purposes and in an amount not exceeding five percent of the value of the Funds total assets. A loan shall be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue senior securities representing indebtedness if, immediately after the issuance of such senior securities representing indebtedness, the asset coverage ratio with respect to such senior securities would be less than 300%. Senior securities representing indebtedness include borrowings (including loans from financial institutions); debt securities; and other derivative investments or transactions such as reverse repurchase agreements and investments in inverse floating rate securities to the extent the Fund has not fully covered, segregated or earmarked cash or liquid assets in accordance with the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and applicable positions of the SEC and its staff. With respect to any such senior securities representing indebtedness, asset coverage means the ratio which the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), bears to the aggregate amount of such borrowing represented by senior securities representing indebtedness issued by the Fund.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue senior securities that are Preferred Shares if, immediately after the issuance of Preferred Shares, the asset coverage ratio with respect to such Preferred Shares would be less than 200%. With respect to any such Preferred Shares, asset coverage means the ratio which the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, bears to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness of the Fund plus the aggregate liquidation preference of such Preferred Shares.
The Fund is limited by certain investment restrictions and may only issue senior securities that are Preferred Shares except the Fund may borrow money from a bank for temporary or emergency purposes or for repurchase of its shares only in an amount not exceeding one-third of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed) less the Funds liabilities (other than borrowings). See Investment Restrictions in the Statement of Additional Information. These restrictions are fundamental and may not be changed without the approval of Common Shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a single class.
If the asset coverage with respect to any senior securities issued by the Fund declines below the required ratios discussed above (as a result of market fluctuations or otherwise), the Fund may sell portfolio securities when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Certain types of leverage used by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to certain covenants, asset coverage and, or other portfolio composition limits by its lenders, preferred securities purchasers, rating agencies that may rate preferred securities, or reverse repurchase agreement counterparties. Such limitations may be more
50
stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act and may impact whether the Fund is able to maintain its desired amount of leverage. At this time Nuveen Fund Advisors does not believe that any such potential investment limitations will impede it from managing the Funds portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies.
Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment technique and involves certain risks to the Common Shareholders, including increased variability of the Funds net income, distributions and NAV in relation to market changes. See RisksFund Level RisksLeverage Risk. There is no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that the Funds use of leverage will work as planned or achieve its goals.
Effects of Leverage
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of bonds held in the Funds portfolio net of expenses) at the assumed portfolio total return rates provided in the table. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk and Use of Leverage.
Assuming the utilization of leverage through the combination of Preferred Shares and Tender Option Bond Floaters (investments in inverse floating rate securities) in the aggregate amount of approximately 37.5% of the Funds Managed Assets, at an aggregate cost of leverage of 1.55%, the income generated by the Funds portfolio (net of non-leverage expenses) must exceed 0.58% in order to cover such costs of leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates, used for illustration. Actual costs of leverage may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.
Assumed Portfolio Total Return |
-10 | % | -5 | % | 0 | % | 5 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||
Common Shares Total Return |
-16.93 | % | -8.93 | % | -0.93 | % | 7.07 | % | 15.07 | % |
Common Share total return is composed of two elementsCommon Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying dividends on Preferred Shares and other expenses associated with outstanding Preferred shares) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must assume that the tax-exempt interest it receives on its municipal securities investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those securities.
Risk is inherent in all investing. Investing in any investment company security involves risk, including the risk that you may receive little or no return on your investment or even that you may lose part or all of your investment. Therefore, before investing you should consider carefully the following risks that you assume when you invest in Common Shares.
Portfolio Level Risks
Municipal Securities Market Risk
Investing in the municipal securities market involves certain risks. The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital, and during the recent market turmoil these firms capital was severely constrained. As a result, some firms were unwilling to commit their capital to purchase and to serve as a dealer for municipal bonds. Historically, the amount of public
51
information available about the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Fund may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of Nuveen Asset Management than if the Fund were a stock fund or taxable bond fund. The secondary market for municipal securities, particularly the below investment grade bonds in which the Fund may invest, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Funds ability to sell its municipal securities at attractive prices or at prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them.
The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among federal, state and local governments. In addition, laws enacted in the future by Congress or state legislatures or referenda could extend the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or impose other constraints on enforcement of such obligations, or on the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, the Fund could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and the Fund may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, the Fund may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuers obligations on such securities, which may increase the Funds operating expenses. Any income derived from the Funds ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt.
Concentration Risk in California Issuers
The Funds policy of investing in municipal securities of issuers located in California makes the Fund more susceptible to the adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting such issuers. The information set forth below and the related information in Appendix A of this Prospectus is derived from sources that are generally available to investors. The information is intended to give a recent historical description and is not intended to indicate future or continuing trends in the financial or other positions of California. It should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local California issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State of California, and that there is no obligation on the part of the State to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.
California is subject to large fluctuations in its tax revenue and fixed spending obligations. During recessionary periods, dramatic cuts to programs and/or tax increases may be required. To address budget gaps from the most recent recessionary period, spending was cut, State programs were realigned to local governments, and short-term budgetary solutions were implemented. Despite the significant budgetary improvements and economic growth from the most recent recessionary period, a number of risks and pressures threaten the States financial condition. Continued risks to the States long-term stability include significant unfunded pension liabilities, the threat of recession, changes in stock prices, changes to federal fiscal policy that are unfavorable to the State, and the uncertain impact of changes in federal tax law and trade policy.
Californias fiscal situation heightens the risk of investing in bonds issued by the State and its political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities and authorities, including the risk of default, and also heightens the risk that the prices of California municipal securities, and the Funds NAV, will experience greater volatility. As of March 2020, California general obligation bonds were rated Aa2 by Moodys, AA- by S&P and AA by Fitch. There can be no assurance that such ratings will be maintained in the future. The States credit rating, and any future revisions or withdrawal of a credit rating, could have a negative effect on the market price of the States general obligation bonds, as well as notes and bonds issued by Californias public authorities and local governments. Lower credit ratings make it more expensive for the State to raise revenue, and in some cases, could prevent the State from issuing general obligation bonds in the quantity otherwise desired. Further, downgrades can negatively impact the marketability and price of securities in the Funds portfolio.
52
The foregoing information constitutes only a brief summary of some of the general factors that may impact certain issuers of municipal bonds and does not purport to be a complete or exhaustive description of all adverse conditions to which the issuers of municipal bonds held by the Fund are subject. Additionally, many factors, including global and national economic, social and environmental policies and conditions, which are not within the control of the issuers of the municipal bonds, could affect or could have an adverse impact on the financial condition of the issuers. The Fund is unable to predict whether or to what extent such factors or other factors may affect the issuers of the municipal securities, the market value or marketability of the municipal securities or the ability of the respective issuers of the municipal bonds acquired by the Fund to pay interest on or principal of the municipal securities. This information has not been independently verified. See Appendix A of this Prospectus for a further discussion of factors affecting municipal securities in California.
Special Risks Related to Certain Municipal Obligations
The Fund may invest in municipal leases and certificates of participation in such leases. Municipal leases and certificates of participation involve special risks not normally associated with general obligations or revenue bonds. Leases and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which normally provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the governmental issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt issuance limitations are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of non-appropriation clauses that relieve the governmental issuer of any obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. In addition, such leases or contracts may be subject to the temporary abatement of payments in the event the governmental issuer is prevented from maintaining occupancy of the leased premises or utilizing the leased equipment. Although the obligations may be secured by the leased equipment or facilities, the disposition of the property in the event of non-appropriation or foreclosure might prove difficult, time consuming and costly, and may result in a delay in recovering or the failure to fully recover the Funds original investment. In the event of non-appropriation, the issuer would be in default and taking ownership of the assets may be a remedy available to the Fund, although the Fund does not anticipate that such a remedy would normally be pursued. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated municipal leases or participates in such leases, the credit quality rating and risk of cancellation of such unrated leases will be monitored on an ongoing basis. Certificates of participation, which represent interests in unmanaged pools of municipal leases or installment contracts, involve the same risks as the underlying municipal leases. In addition, the Fund may be dependent upon the municipal authority issuing the certificates of participation to exercise remedies with respect to the underlying securities. Certificates of participation also entail a risk of default or bankruptcy, both of the issuer of the municipal lease and also the municipal agency issuing the certificate of participation.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that one or more municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in price, or the issuer thereof will fail to pay interest or principal when due, because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. In general, lower-rated municipal securities carry a greater degree of risk that the issuer will lose its ability to make interest and principal payments, which could have a negative impact on the Funds NAV or dividends. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. If a municipal security satisfies the rating requirements described above at the time of investment and is subsequently downgraded below that rating, the Fund will not be required to dispose of the security. If a downgrade occurs, Nuveen Asset Management will consider what action, including the sale of the security, is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. This means that the Fund may be invested in municipal securities that may be experiencing financial difficulties at the time of acquisition (such securities are commonly referred to as distressed securities).
53
Below Investment Grade Risk
Municipal securities of below investment grade quality, commonly referred to as junk bonds, are regarded as having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due, and are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments. Also, to the extent that the rating assigned to a municipal security in the Funds portfolio is downgraded by any NRSRO, the market price and liquidity of such security may be adversely affected. The market values for municipal securities of below investment grade quality tend to be volatile, and these securities are less liquid than investment grade municipal securities. For these reasons, an investment in the Fund, compared with a portfolio consisting solely of investment grade securities, may experience the following:
|
increased price sensitivity resulting from changing interest rates and/or a deteriorating economic environment; |
|
greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality; |
|
adverse issuer specific events that are more likely to render the issuer unable to make interest and/or principal payments; and |
|
the possibility that a negative perception of the below investment grade market develops, resulting in the price and liquidity of below investment grade securities becoming depressed, and this negative perception could last for a significant period of time. |
Adverse changes in economic conditions are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of a below investment grade issuer to make principal payments and interest payments compared to an investment grade issuer. The principal amount of below investment grade securities outstanding has proliferated in the past decade as an increasing number of issuers have used below investment grade securities for financing. The current downturn may severely affect the ability of highly leveraged issuers to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. As the national economy experiences the current economic downturn, resulting in decreased tax and other revenue streams of municipal issuers, or in the event interest rates rise sharply, increasing the interest cost on variable rate instruments and negatively impacting economic activity, the number of defaults by below investment grade municipal issuers is likely to increase. Similarly, downturns in profitability in specific industries could adversely affect private activity bonds. The market values of lower quality debt securities tend to reflect individual developments of the issuer to a greater extent than do higher quality securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Factors having an adverse impact on the market value of lower quality securities may have an adverse impact on the Funds NAV and the market value of its Common Shares. In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. In certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to foreclose on an issuers assets and take possession of its property or operations. In such circumstances, the Fund would incur additional costs in disposing of such assets and potential liabilities from operating any business acquired.
The secondary market for below investment grade securities may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly rated securities, a factor that may have an adverse effect on the Funds ability to dispose of a particular security. There are fewer dealers in the market for below investment grade municipal securities than the market for investment grade municipal securities. The prices quoted by different dealers for below investment grade municipal securities may vary significantly, and the spread between the bid and ask price is generally much larger for below investment grade municipal securities than for higher quality instruments. Under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for below investment grade securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, and these instruments may become illiquid. As a result, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less than the prices used in calculating the Funds NAV.
54
Issuers of such below investment grade securities are highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with higher rated securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of below investment grade securities may experience financial stress. During such periods, such issuers may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuers ability to service its debt obligations also may be adversely affected by specific developments, the issuers inability to meet specific projected forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss from default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of below investment grade securities because such securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. Prices and yields of below investment grade securities will fluctuate over time and, during periods of economic uncertainty, volatility of below investment grade securities may adversely affect the Funds NAV. In addition, investments in below investment grade zero coupon bonds rather than income- bearing below investment grade securities, may be more speculative and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value due to changes in interest rates.
The Fund may invest in distressed securities, which are securities issued by companies that may be experiencing financial difficulties at the time of acquisition by the Fund. The issuers of such securities may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. These characteristics of these companies can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These companies securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the companies to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic climate, economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the companies. Distressed securities frequently do not produce income while they are outstanding and may require the Fund to bear certain extraordinary expenses in order to protect and recover its investment.
Investments in lower rated or unrated securities may present special tax issues for the Fund to the extent that the issuers of these securities default on their obligations pertaining thereto, and the federal income tax consequences to the Fund as a holder of such distressed securities may not be clear.
Interest Rate Risk
Generally, when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. As interest rates decline, issuers of municipal securities may prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding securities and potentially reducing the Funds income. As interest rates increase, slower than expected principal payments may extend the average life of securities, potentially locking in a below-market interest rate and reducing the Funds value. In typical market interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term municipal securities generally fluctuate more than prices of shorter-term municipal securities as interest rates change. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features, in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. For example, the price of a bond with an effective duration of two years will rise (fall) two percent for every one percent decrease (increase) in its yield, and the price of a fiveyear duration bond will rise (fall) five percent for a one percent decrease (increase) in its yield. Greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates typically corresponds to higher volatility and higher risk. Yield curve risk is the risk associated with either a flattening or steepening of the yield curve, which is a result of changing yields
55
among comparable bonds with different maturities. When market interest rates, or yields, increase, the price of a bond will decrease and vice versa. When the yield curve shifts, the price of the bond, which was initially priced based on the initial yield curve, will change in price. If the yield curve flattens, then the yield spread between long- and short-term interest rates narrows, and the price of the bond will change accordingly. If the bond is short-term and the yield decreases, the price of this bond will increase. If the yield curve steepens, this means that the spread between long- and short-term interest rates increases. Therefore, long-term bond prices, like the ones held by the Fund, will decrease relative to short-term bonds. Changes in the yield curve are based on bond risk premiums and expectations of future interest rates. Because the Fund will invest generally in longer-term municipal securities, the Common Share NAV and market price per share will fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested generally in shorter-term municipal securities. Because the values of lower-rated and comparable unrated debt securities are affected both by credit risk and interest rate risk, the price movements of such lower grade securities typically have not been highly correlated to the fluctuations of the prices of investment grade quality securities in response to changes in market interest rates. The Funds use of leverage, as described herein, will tend to increase Common Share interest rate risk.
Sector and Industry Risk
Subject to the concentration limits of the Funds investment policies and guidelines, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its net assets in certain sectors of the municipal securities market, such as hospitals and other health care facilities, charter schools and other private educational facilities, special taxing districts and start-up utility districts, and private activity bonds including industrial development bonds on behalf of transportation companies such as airline companies, whose credit quality and performance may be more susceptible to economic, business, political, regulatory and other developments than other sectors of municipal issuers. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its net assets in the sectors noted above, the Funds performance may be subject to additional risk and variability. To the extent that the Fund focuses its net assets in the hospital and healthcare facilities sector, for example, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with such sector, including adverse government regulation and reduction in reimbursement rates, as well as government approval of products and services and intense competition. Securities issued with respect to special taxing districts will be subject to various risks, including real-estate development related risks and taxpayer concentration risk. Further, the fees, special taxes or tax allocations and other revenues established to secure the obligations of securities issued with respect to special taxing districts are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. Charter schools and other private educational facilities are subject to various risks, including the reversal of legislation authorizing or funding charter schools, the failure to renew or secure a charter, the failure of a funding entity to appropriate necessary funds and competition from alternatives such as voucher programs. Issuers of municipal utility securities can be significantly affected by government regulation, financing difficulties, supply and demand of services or fuel and natural resource conservation. The transportation sector, including airports, airlines, ports and other transportation facilities, can be significantly affected by changes in the economy, fuel prices, labor relations, insurance costs and government regulation.
Reinvestment Risk
Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called bonds at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the market price of the Common Shares or their overall returns.
Call Risk
If interest rates fall, it is possible that issuers of callable bonds with higher interest coupons will call (or prepay) their bonds before their maturity date. If a call were exercised by the issuer during a period of declining interest rates, the Fund is likely to replace such called security with a lower yielding security.
56
Prepayment Risk
During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, issuers may experience their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower yielding instruments. For premium bonds (bonds acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value) purchased by the Fund, prepayment risk may be increased.
Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price and date, thereby establishing an effective interest rate. The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements, in economic essence, constitute a securitized borrowing by the Fund from the security purchaser. The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements for the purpose of creating a leveraged investment exposure and, as such, their usage involves essentially the same risks associated with a leveraging strategy generally since the proceeds from these agreements may be invested in additional securities. However, the effective borrowing rate paid by the Fund to the reverse repurchase agreement counterparty will be treated as taxable income, unlike the effective borrowing rate paid by the fund on Preferred Shares or on inverse floating rate securities, where is generally tax-exempt to the recipient, meaning that the effective borrowing rate paid by the Fund on a reverse repurchase agreement would, all other things being equal, will tend to be higher than those other forms of leverage. Reverse repurchase agreements tend to be short-term in tenor, and there can be no assurances that the purchaser (lender) will commit to extend or roll a given agreement upon its agreed-upon repurchase date if such roll is requested by the Fund or an alternative purchaser can be identified on similar terms. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the purchaser (lender) fails to return the securities as agreed upon, files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent. The Fund may be restricted from taking normal portfolio actions during such time, could be subject to loss to the extent that the proceeds of the agreement are less than the value of securities subject to the agreement and may experience adverse tax consequences.
Inverse Floating Rate Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities. Typically, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust (sometimes called a tender option bond trust) formed by a third party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesInverse Floating Rate Securities. In general, income on inverse floating rate securities will decrease when interest rates increase and increase when interest rates decrease. Thus, distributions paid to the Fund on its inverse floaters will be reduced or even eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal rates fall. Inverse floating rate securities generally will underperform the market for fixed rate municipal bonds in a rising interest rate environment. Investments in inverse floating rate securities may subject the Fund to the risks of reduced or eliminated interest payments and losses of principal.
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Asset Managements discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party sponsor of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third party sponsor of the trust, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. In such instances, the Fund may be at risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities.
57
Because of the leveraged nature of such investments, inverse floating rate securities may increase or decrease in value at a greater rate than the underlying fixed rate municipal bonds held by the tender option bond. As a result, the market value of such securities generally is more volatile than that of fixed rate securities.
The Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund may be highly leveraged. The structure and degree to which the Funds inverse floating rate securities are highly leveraged will vary based upon a number of factors, including the size of the trust itself and the terms of the underlying municipal security. An inverse floating rate security generally is considered highly leveraged if the principal amount of the short-term floating rate interests issued by the related special purpose trust has a three to one gearing to the principal amount of the inverse floating rate securities owned by the trust. In the event of a significant decline in the value of an underlying security, the Fund may suffer losses in excess of the amount of its investment (up to an amount equal to the value of the municipal securities underlying the inverse floating rate securities) as a result of liquidating special purpose trusts or other collateral in connection with managing the overall economic effect of leverage on the Fund.
The economic effect of leverage created through invests in inverse floating rate securities will create an opportunity for increased Common Share net income and returns, but will also create the possibility that Common Share long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of leverage exceeds the return on the inverse floating rate securities purchased by the Fund.
Inverse floating rate securities have varying degrees of liquidity based, among other things, upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is more volatile than the underlying securities due to leverage. The leverage attributable to such inverse floating rate securities may be called away on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. In certain circumstances, the likelihood of an increase in the volatility of NAV and market price of the Common Shares may be greater for a fund (like the Fund) that relies primarily on inverse floating rate securities to achieve the economic effect of leverage. The Fund may be required to sell its inverse floating rate securities at less than favorable prices, or liquidate other Fund portfolio holdings in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following:
|
If the Fund has a need for cash and the securities in a special purpose trust are not actively trading due to adverse market conditions; |
|
If special purpose trust sponsors (as a collective group or individually) experience financial hardship and consequently seek to terminate their respective outstanding trusts; and |
|
If the value of an underlying security declines significantly (to a level below the notional value of the floating rate securities issued by the trust) and if additional collateral has not been posted by the Fund. |
The amount of fees paid to Nuveen Asset Management for investment advisory services will be higher if the Fund uses leverage because the fees will be calculated based on the Funds Managed Assetsthis may create an incentive for Nuveen Asset Management to leverage the Fund. Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund, minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than Fund liabilities incurred for the express purpose of creating leverage). Total assets for this purpose shall include assets attributable to the Funds use of leverage, and derivatives will be valued at their market value.
There is no assurance that the Funds strategy of investing in inverse floating rate securities will be successful.
Leverage Risk
The use of leverage creates special risks for Common Shareholders, including the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the Common Shares than a comparable portfolio
58
without leverage. The use of leverage in a declining market will likely cause a greater decline in Common Share NAV, which may result in a greater decline of the Common Share price, than if the Fund were not to have used leverage. The Fund will pay (and Common Shareholders will bear) any costs and expenses relating to the Funds use of leverage, which will result in a reduction in the NAV of and net income payable with respect to the Common Shares. Because of the costs of leverage, the Fund may incur losses even if the Fund has positive returns if they are not sufficient to cover the costs of leverage. Nuveen Fund Advisors, based on its assessment of market conditions, may increase or decrease the Funds level of leverage. Such changes may impact the Funds distributions and the valuation of the Common Shares in the secondary market. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize leverage or that the Funds use of leverage will be successful. Furthermore, the amount of fees paid to Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management for investment advisory services will be higher if the Fund uses leverage because the fees will be calculated based on the Funds Managed Assets, which may create an incentive for Nuveen Fund Advisors to leverage the Fund or increase the Funds leverage. Certain types of leverage used by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to certain covenants, asset coverage or other portfolio composition limits by its lenders, preferred purchasers, rating agencies that may rate the preferred securities, or reverse repurchase counterparties. Such limitations may be more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act and may impact whether the Fund is able to maintain its desired amount of leverage. At this time Nuveen Fund Advisors does not believe that any such potential investment limitations will impede it from managing the Funds portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies. See Use of Leverage. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, which may themselves be leveraged and therefore present similar risks to those described above and magnify the Funds leverage risk. The risk of loss attributable to the Funds use of leverage is borne by Common Shareholders.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies. Such securities may be leveraged. As a result, the Fund may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities and therefore magnify the Funds leverage risk. Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment technique and involves certain risks. An investment in securities of other investment companies that are leveraged may expose the Fund to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Funds long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of the Common Shares) will be diminished. The Fund, as a holder of the securities of other investment companies, will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment companies expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses are in addition to the direct expenses of the Funds own operations. An exchange-traded fund (ETF) that is based on a specific index, whether stock or otherwise, may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities in the index. An ETF also incurs certain expenses not incurred by its applicable index. The market value of shares of ETFs and closed-end funds may differ from their NAV.
Derivatives Risk
The Funds use of derivatives involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the investments underlying the derivatives. Whether the Funds use of derivatives is successful will depend on, among other things, if Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management correctly forecasts market values, interest rates and other applicable factors. If Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management incorrectly forecasts these and other factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be unfavorably affected. The derivatives market is subject to a changing regulatory environment. It is possible that regulatory or other developments in the derivatives market could adversely affect the Funds ability to successfully use derivative instruments. See Hedging Risk, Counterparty Risk, and Risks Related to the Funds Clearing Broker and Central Clearing Counterparty below and The Funds Investments Derivatives and Hedging Strategies in the SAI.
59
Risk of Swaps and Swap Options
The Fund may enter into debt-related derivatives instruments including credit default swap contracts and interest rate swaps. Like most derivative instruments, the use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. In addition, the use of swaps requires an understanding by Nuveen Asset Management not only of the referenced asset, rate or index, but also of the swap itself. If Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management is incorrect in its forecasts of default risks, market spreads or other applicable factors or events, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. As the protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
The Fund generally may only close out a swap, cap, floor, collar or other two-party contract with its particular counterparty, and generally may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. Because they are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. In addition, the price at which the Fund may close out such a two-party contract may not correlate with the price change in the underlying reference asset. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will succeed in enforcing its rights.
The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options. When the Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. When the Fund writes a swap option, upon exercise of the option the Fund would become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
It is possible that developments in the derivatives market, including changes in government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Risk of Financial Futures and Options Transactions
The Fund may use certain transactions for hedging the portfolios exposure to credit risk and the risk of increases in interest rates, which could result in poorer overall performance for the Fund. The Funds use of certain transactions to reduce risk involves costs and will be subject to Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly changes in the relationships of such hedge instruments to the Funds portfolio holdings or other factors. No assurance can be given that Nuveen Asset Managements judgment in this respect will be correct. In addition, no assurance can be given that the Fund will enter into hedging or other transactions at times or under circumstances in which it may be advisable to do so.
There are certain risks associated with the use of financial futures and options to hedge investment portfolios. There may be an imperfect correlation between price movements of the futures and options and price movements of the portfolio securities being hedged. Losses may be incurred in hedging transactions, which could reduce the portfolio gains that might have been realized if the hedging transactions had not been entered into. If the Fund engages in futures transactions or in the writing of options on futures, it will be required to maintain initial margin and maintenance margin and may be required to make daily variation margin payments in accordance with applicable rules of the exchanges and the CFTC. If the Fund purchases a financial futures contract or a call option or writes a put option in order to hedge the anticipated purchase of municipal securities, and if the Fund fails to complete the anticipated purchase transaction, the Fund may have a loss or a gain on the futures or options transaction that will not be offset by price movements in the municipal securities that were the subject of the anticipatory hedge. The cost of put options on debt securities or indexes effectively increases the
60
cost of the securities subject to them, thereby reducing the yield otherwise available from these securities. If the Fund decides to use futures contracts or options on futures contracts for hedging purposes, the Fund will be required to establish an account for such purposes with one or more CFTC-registered FCMs. A FCM merchant could establish initial and maintenance margin requirements for the Fund that are greater than those which would otherwise apply to the Fund under applicable rules of the exchanges and the CFTC. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a derivatives or futures or a futures option position, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
Risks Related to the Funds Clearing Broker and Central Clearing Counterparty
The Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) requires swaps and futures clearing brokers registered as futures commission merchants to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of U.S. domestic futures contracts and cleared swaps from the brokers proprietary assets. Similarly, the CEA requires each futures commission merchant to hold in separate secure accounts all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of foreign futures contracts and cleared swaps and segregate any such funds from the funds received with respect to domestic futures contracts. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account and may be invested in certain instruments permitted under applicable regulations. There is a risk that assets deposited by the Fund with any swaps or futures clearing broker as margin for futures contracts or cleared swaps may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Funds clearing broker. In addition, the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the Funds clearing brokers bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing brokers customers for the relevant account class. Similarly, the CEA requires a clearing organization approved by the CFTC as a derivatives clearing organization to segregate all funds and other property received from a clearing members clients in connection with domestic cleared derivative contracts from any funds held at the clearing organization to support the clearing members proprietary trading. Nevertheless, all customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any futures contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing members individual customers. All customer funds held at a clearing organization with respect to cleared swaps of customers of a clearing broker are also held in an omnibus account, but CFTC rules require that the clearing broker notify the clearing organization of the amount of the initial margin provided by the clearing broker to the clearing organization that is attributable to each customer. With respect to futures and options contracts, a clearing organization may use assets of a nondefaulting customer held in an omnibus account at the clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing organization. With respect to cleared swaps, a clearing organization generally cannot do so, but may do so if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting to the clearing organization as to the attribution of margin among its clients. Also, since clearing brokers generally provide to clearing organizations the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing organization will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default. As a result, in the event of a default or the clearing brokers other clients or the clearing brokers failure to extend its own funds in connection with any such default, the Fund may not be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited by the clearing broker on behalf of the Fund with the clearing organization.
61
Counterparty Risk
Changes in the credit quality of the companies that serve as the Funds counterparties with respect to derivatives, insured municipal securities or other transactions supported by another partys credit will affect the value of those instruments. Certain entities that have served as counterparties in the markets for these transactions have recently incurred significant financial hardships including bankruptcy and losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such hardships have reduced these entities capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using such derivatives or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its counterparties could experience similar financial hardships.
Hedging Risk
The Funds use of derivatives or other transactions to reduce risk involves costs and will be subject to Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly changes in the relationships of such hedge instruments to the Funds portfolio holdings or other factors. No assurance can be given that Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Managements judgment in this respect will be correct. In addition, no assurance can be given that the Fund will enter into hedging or other transactions at times or under circumstances in which it may be advisable to do so.
Tax Risk
To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to a RIC the Fund must, among other requirements, derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from certain prescribed sources and satisfy a diversification test on a quarterly basis. If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate (which the Tax Act reduced to 21%) without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits.
To qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, which are treated as items of interest excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund must consist of obligations exempt from regular income tax as of the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year. If the proportion of taxable investments held by the Fund exceeds 50% of the Funds total assets as of the close of any quarter of any Fund taxable year, the Fund will not for that taxable year satisfy the general eligibility test that otherwise permits it to pay exempt-interest dividends.
The value of the Funds investments and its NAV may be adversely affected by changes in tax rates and policies. Because interest income from municipal securities is normally not subject to regular federal income taxation, the attractiveness of municipal securities in relation to other investment alternatives is affected by changes in federal income tax rates or changes in the tax-exempt status of interest income from municipal securities. Any proposed or actual changes in such rates or exempt status, therefore, can significantly affect the demand for and supply, liquidity and marketability of municipal securities. This could in turn affect the Funds NAV and ability to acquire and dispose of municipal securities at desirable yield and price levels. Additionally, the Fund is not a suitable investment for individual retirement accounts, for other tax-exempt or tax-deferred accounts or for investors who are not sensitive to the federal income tax consequences of their investments.
62
Taxability Risk
The Fund invests in municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, and Nuveen Asset Management will not independently verify that opinion. Subsequent to the Funds acquisition of such a municipal security, however, the security may be determined to pay, or to have paid, taxable income. As a result, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends could be adversely affected, subjecting the Funds shareholders to increased federal income tax liabilities.
Distributions of ordinary taxable income (including any net short-term capital gain) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (and not eligible for favorable taxation as qualified dividend income), and capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. See Tax Matters.
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the dividends paid to preferred shareholders can decline, and the real value of Common Shares and the distributions can decline. In addition, during any period of rising inflation, interest rates on borrowings would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Common Shareholders.
Insurance Risk
The Fund may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of the companies that provide such credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Certain significant providers of insurance for municipal securities have recently incurred significant losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower credit quality investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such losses have reduced the insurers capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such insurance if they are called upon to do so in the future. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the rating of the underlying municipal security will be more relevant and the value of the municipal security would more closely, if not entirely, reflect such rating. In such a case, the value of insurance associated with a municipal security would decline and may not add any value. The insurance feature of a municipal security does not guarantee the full payment of principal and interest through the life of an insured obligation, the market value of the insured obligation or the NAV of the Common Shares represented by such insured obligation.
Tobacco Settlement Bond Risk
Tobacco settlement bonds are municipal securities that are backed solely by expected revenues to be derived from lawsuits involving tobacco related deaths and illnesses which were settled between certain states and American tobacco companies. Tobacco settlement bonds are secured by an issuing states proportionate share in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). The MSA is an agreement reached out of court in November 1998 between 46 states and nearly all of the U.S. tobacco manufacturers. Under the terms of the MSA, the actual amount of future settlement payments by tobacco manufacturers is dependent on many factors, including, but not limited to, annual domestic cigarette shipments, reduced cigarette consumption, increased taxes on cigarettes, inflation, financial capability of tobacco companies, continuing litigation and the possibility of tobacco manufacturer bankruptcy. Payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be negatively impacted if the decrease in tobacco consumption is significantly greater than the forecasted decline.
63
Borrowing Risks
In addition to borrowing for leverage (See Use of Leverage), the Fund may borrow for temporary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemption requests, pay dividends, repurchase its shares, or clear portfolio transactions. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the NAV of the Funds shares and may affect the Funds net income. When the Fund borrows money, it must pay interest and other fees, which will reduce the funds returns if such costs exceed the returns on the portfolio securities purchased or retained with such borrowings. Any such borrowings are intended to be temporary. However, under certain market conditions, including periods of low demand or decreased liquidity in the municipal bond market such borrowings might be outstanding for longer periods of time.
Fund Level Risks
Market Discount from Net Asset Value
Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and have during other periods traded at prices lower than NAV. The Fund cannot predict whether Common Shares will trade at, above or below NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds NAV could decrease as a result of investment activities. Investors bear a risk of loss to the extent that the price at which they sell their shares is lower in relation to the Funds NAV than at the time of purchase, assuming a stable NAV. Proceeds from the sale of Common Shares in this offering will be reduced by shareholder transaction costs (if applicable, which vary depending on the offering method used). The NAV per Common Share will be reduced by costs associated with any future issuances of Common Shares or Preferred Shares. Depending on the premium of Common Shares at the time of any offering of Common Shares hereunder, the Funds NAV may be reduced by an amount up to the offering costs (estimated to be an additional 0.29% of the offering price assuming a Common Share offering price of $15.76 (the Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020)). The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and you should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Investment and Market Risk
An investment in the Funds Common Shares are subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. Your investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the municipal securities owned by the Fund, substantially all of which are traded on a national exchange or in the over-the-counter markets. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. In addition, if the current national economic downturn deteriorates into a prolonged recession, the ability of municipalities to collect revenue and service their obligations could be materially and adversely affected.
Other Risks
Economic and Political Events Risk
The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects (such as those relating to the education, health care, housing, transportation, or utilities industries), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds or moral obligation bonds). Such developments may adversely affect a specific industry or local political and economic conditions, and thus may lead to declines in the bonds creditworthiness and value.
Recent Market Circumstances
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the United States and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects. Conditions in the United States and many foreign economies have resulted, and may continue to result, in certain instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in
64
some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all. In some cases, traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yields to decline. Reduced liquidity in fixed income and credit markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. A rise in protectionist trade policies, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.
In response to the financial crisis, the United States and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. Policy and legislative changes by the United States government and the Federal Reserve to assist in the ongoing support of financial markets, both domestically and in other countries, are changing many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time. In some countries where economic conditions are recovering, such countries are nevertheless perceived as still fragile. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations, including changes in tax laws and the imposition of trade barriers. The impact of new financial regulation legislation on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully known for some time. Changes to the Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the end of its quantitative easing policy, may affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend and interest paying securities. Regulatory changes are causing some financial services companies to exit long-standing lines of business, resulting in dislocations for other market participants. In addition, the contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events within the United States and abroad, such as the U.S. governments inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, the threat of a federal government shutdown and threats not to increase the federal governments debt limit, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The U.S. government has recently reduced federal corporate income tax rates, and future legislative, regulatory and policy changes may result in more restrictions on international trade, less stringent prudential regulation of certain players in the financial markets, and significant new investments in infrastructure and national defense. Markets may react strongly to expectations about the changes in these policies, which could increase volatility, especially if the markets expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out.
Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the United States and abroad, but there is a consensus that interest rates will continue to increase during the life of the Fund, which could negatively impact the price of debt securities. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of a significant rate increase on various markets. For example, because investors may buy securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments. Because of the sharp decline in the worldwide price of oil, there is a concern that oil producing nations may withdraw significant assets now held in U.S. Treasuries, which could force a substantial increase in interest rates. Regulators have expressed concern that rate increases may cause investors to sell fixed income securities faster than the market can absorb them, contributing to price volatility. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the United States and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a countrys economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse.
65
On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on whether to remain a member state of the European Union (EU), in which voters favored the UKs withdrawal from the EU, an event widely referred to as Brexit and which triggered a two-year period of negotiations on the terms of withdrawal. The formal notification to the European Council required under Article 50 of the Treaty on EU was made on March 29, 2017, following which the terms of exit were negotiated. On January 31, 2020, the UK formally withdrew from the EU. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the UK and the EU are unclear at this stage, remain subject to negotiation and are likely to lead to ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the UK and in wider European markets for some time. The outcomes may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the United Kingdom and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time. Additionally, a number of countries in Europe have suffered terror attacks, and additional attacks may occur in the future. Ukraine has experienced ongoing military conflict; this conflict may expand and military attacks could occur elsewhere in Europe. Europe has also been struggling with mass migration from the Middle East and Africa. The ultimate effects of these events and other socio-political or geographical issues are not known but could profoundly affect global economies and markets.
The current political climate has intensified concerns about a potential trade war between China and the United States, as each country has recently imposed tariffs on the other countrys products. These actions may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of Chinas export industry, which could have a negative impact on the Funds performance. U.S. companies that source material and goods from China and those that make large amounts of sales in China would be particularly vulnerable to an escalation of trade tensions. Uncertainty regarding the outcome of the trade tensions and the potential for a trade war could cause the U.S. dollar to decline against safe haven currencies, such as the Japanese yen and the euro. Events such as these and their consequences are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.
The impact of these developments in the near- and long-term is unknown and could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.
Legislation and Regulatory Risk
At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation or additional regulations may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Fund, securities held by the Fund or the issuers of such securities. Changing approaches to regulation may have a negative impact on the entities and/or securities in which the Fund invests. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Fund shareholders may incur increased costs resulting from such legislation or additional regulation. There can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund or will not impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives.
For example, the Dodd-Frank Act is designed to impose stringent regulation on the over-the-counter derivatives market in an attempt to increase transparency and accountability and provides for, among other things, new clearing, execution, margin, reporting, recordkeeping, business conduct, disclosure, position limit, minimum net capital and registration requirements. Although the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) has released final rules under the Dodd- Frank Act, many of the provisions are subject to further final rulemaking, and thus the Dodd-Frank Acts ultimate impact remains unclear.
The SEC has indicated that it may adopt new policies on the use of derivatives by registered investment companies. Such policies could affect the nature and extent of derivatives use by the Fund. While the nature of any such regulations is uncertain at this time, it is possible that such regulations could limit the implementation of the Funds use of derivatives, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund.
66
Additionally, the Fund is operated by persons who have claimed an exclusion, granted to operators of registered investment companies like the Fund, from registration as a commodity pool operator under Rule 4.5 promulgated by the CFTC pursuant to its authority under the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator. As a result, the Fund is limited in its ability to use commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indexes and interest rate futures) or options on commodity futures, engage in swaps transactions or make certain other investments (whether directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles) for purposes other than bona fide hedging. With respect to transactions other than for bona fide hedging purposes, either: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Funds positions in such investments may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Funds portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Funds portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the futures, options or swaps markets. If the Fund does not continue to claim the exclusion, it would likely become subject to registration and regulation as a commodity pool operator. The Fund may incur additional expenses as a result of the CFTCs registration and regulatory requirements.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The Funds Declaration and By-Laws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status. These provisions could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk
Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management each provide a wide array of portfolio management and other asset management services to a mix of clients and may engage in ordinary course activities in which their respective interests or those of their clients may compete or conflict with those of the Fund. For example, Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management may provide investment management services to other funds and accounts that follow investment objectives similar to those of the Fund. In certain circumstances, and subject to its fiduciary obligations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Nuveen Asset Management may have to allocate a limited investment opportunity among its clients, which include closed-end funds, open-end funds and other commingled funds. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management have each adopted policies and procedures designed to address such situations and other potential conflicts of interests. For additional information about potential conflicts of interest, and the way in which Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management address such conflicts, please see the SAI.
Impact of Offering Methods Risk
The issuance of Common Shares through the various methods described in this Prospectus may have an adverse effect on prices in the secondary market for the Funds Common Shares by increasing the number of Common Shares available for sale. In addition, the Common Shares may be issued at a discount to the market price for such shares, which may put downward pressure on the market price for Common Shares of the Fund.
The following risks are not considered to be principal risks of investing in the Fund.
Deflation Risk
Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Funds portfolio.
67
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East, possible terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, growing social and political discord in the United States, the European debt crisis, the response of the international community through economic sanctions and otherwiseto Russias recent annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine and posture vis-a-vis Ukraine, further downgrade of U.S. Government securities and other similar events, may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The Fund does not know and cannot predict how long the securities markets may be affected by these events and cannot predict the effects of these and similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. The Fund may be adversely affected by abrogation of international agreements and national laws which have created the market instruments in which the Fund may invest, failure of the designated national and international authorities to enforce compliance with the same laws and agreements, failure of local, national and international organization to carry out the duties prescribed to them under the relevant agreements, revisions of these laws and agreements which dilute their effectiveness or conflicting interpretation of provisions of the same laws and agreements. The Fund may be adversely affected by uncertainties such as terrorism, international political developments, and changes in government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and currency repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the countries in which it is invested.
Illiquid Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in municipal securities and other instruments that, at the time of investment, are illiquid. Illiquid securities are securities that are not readily marketable and may include some restricted securities, which are securities that may not be resold to the public without an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act, if they are unregistered, may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Illiquid securities involve the risk that the securities will not be able to be sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books.
Cybersecurity Risk
Technology, such as the internet, has become more prevalent in the course of business, and as such, the Fund and its service providers are susceptible to operational and information security risk resulting from cyber incidents. Cyber incidents refer to both intentional attacks and unintentional events including: processing errors, human errors, technical errors including computer glitches and system malfunctions, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, market-wide technical-related disruptions, unauthorized access to digital systems (through hacking or malicious software coding), computer viruses, and cyber-attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website access or functionality (including denial of service attacks). Cyber incidents could adversely impact the Fund and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. Cyber incidents may cause the Fund or its service providers to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber incidents also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Fund.
68
Certain Affiliations
Certain broker-dealers may be considered to be affiliated persons of the Fund, Nuveen Fund Advisors, Nuveen Asset Management and/or, Nuveen Investments. Absent an exemption from the SEC or other regulatory relief, the Fund is generally precluded from effecting certain principal transactions with affiliated brokers, and its ability to purchase securities being underwritten by an affiliated broker or a syndicate including an affiliated broker, or to utilize affiliated brokers for agency transactions, is subject to restrictions. The Fund has not applied for and does not intend to apply for such relief. This could limit the Funds ability to engage in securities transactions, purchase certain adjustable rate senior loans, if applicable, and take advantage of market opportunities. In addition, in the event shares are sold through a syndicated offering, unless and until the underwriting syndicate is broken in connection with the public offering of the Common Shares, the Fund will be precluded from effecting principal transactions with brokers who are members of the syndicate.
Trustees and Officers
The Board is responsible for the management of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management. The names and business addresses of the trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under Management of the Fund in the SAI.
Investment Adviser, Sub-Adviser and Portfolio Manager
Investment Adviser. Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for overseeing the Funds overall investment strategy and implementation. Nuveen Fund Advisors offers advisory and investment management services to a broad range of investment company clients. Nuveen Fund Advisors has overall responsibility for management of the Fund, oversees the management of the Funds portfolio, manages the Funds business affairs and provides certain clerical, bookkeeping and other administrative services. Nuveen Fund Advisors is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. Nuveen Fund Advisors is a subsidiary of Nuveen, LLC (Nuveen), the investment management arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA). TIAA is a life insurance company founded in 1918 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is the companion organization of College Retirement Equities Fund. As of December 31, 2019, Nuveen managed approximately $1.061 trillion in assets, of which approximately $158.3 billion was managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors.
Sub-Adviser. Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, serves as the Funds sub-adviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management (the Sub-Advisory Agreement). Nuveen Asset Management is a registered investment adviser and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nuveen Fund Advisors. Nuveen Asset Management oversees day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management is compensated for the services it provides to the Fund with a portion of the management fee Nuveen Fund Advisors receives from the Fund. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
Nuveen Asset Management is responsible for the execution of specific investment strategies and day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. Nuveen Asset Management manages the Nuveen funds using a team of analysts and portfolio managers that focuses on a specific group of funds.
Portfolio Manager. Nuveen Asset Management is responsible for the execution of specific investment strategies and day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. Nuveen Asset Management manages the funds using a team of analysts and portfolio managers that focuses on a specific group of funds. The day-to-day operation of the Fund and the execution of its specific investment strategies is the primary responsibility of Scott R. Romans, the designated portfolio manager of the Fund.
69
Scott R. Romans, PhD (the Portfolio Manager) is Managing Director of Nuveen Asset Management and has been the portfolio manager of the Fund since 2003. He began his career in the financial industry in 2000 when he joined an affiliate of Nuveen Asset Management as a senior research analyst and assumed his portfolio management role in 2003. He holds an undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania and an MA and PhD from the University of Chicago.
Additional information about the Portfolio Managers compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager and the Portfolio Managers ownership of securities in the Fund is provided in the SAI. The SAI is available free of charge by calling (800) 257-8787 or by visiting the Funds website at www.nuveen.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Funds website is not part of this Prospectus or the SAI.
Investment Management and Sub-Advisory Agreements
Investment Management Agreement. Pursuant to an investment management agreement between Nuveen Fund Advisors and the Fund (the Investment Management Agreement), the Fund has agreed to pay an annual management fee for the services and facilities provided by Nuveen Fund Advisors, payable on a monthly basis, based on the sum of a fund-level fee and a complex-level fee, as described below.
Fund-Level Fee. The annual fund-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated according to the following schedule:
Average Daily Managed Assets* |
Fund-Level
Fee Rate |
|||
For the first $125 million |
0.4500 | % | ||
For the next $125 million |
0.4375 | % | ||
For the next $250 million |
0.4250 | % | ||
For the next $500 million |
0.4125 | % | ||
For the next $1 billion |
0.4000 | % | ||
For the next $3 billion |
0.3750 | % | ||
For Managed Assets over $5 billion |
0.3625 | % |
Complex-Level Fee. The annual complex-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated by multiplying the current complex-wide fee rate, determined according to the following schedule, by the Funds daily managed assets:
Complex-Level Eligible Asset Breakpoint Level* |
Effective
Complex-Level Fee Rate at Breakpoint Level |
|||
$55 billion |
0.2000 | % | ||
$56 billion |
0.1996 | % | ||
$57 billion |
0.1989 | % | ||
$60 billion |
0.1961 | % | ||
$63 billion |
0.1931 | % | ||
$66 billion |
0.1900 | % | ||
$71 billion |
0.1851 | % | ||
$76 billion |
0.1806 | % | ||
$80 billion |
0.1773 | % | ||
$91 billion |
0.1691 | % | ||
$125 billion |
0.1599 | % | ||
$200 billion |
0.1505 | % | ||
$250 billion |
0.1469 | % | ||
$300 billion |
0.1445 | % |
70
* |
The complex-level fee is calculated based upon the aggregate daily eligible assets of all Nuveen open-end and closed-end funds. Eligible assets do not include assets attributable to investments in other Nuveen funds or assets in excess of a determined amount (originally $2 billion) added to the Nuveen fund complex in connection with Nuveen Fund Advisors assumption of the management of the former First American Funds effective January 1, 2011, but do include certain assets of certain Nuveen funds that were reorganized into funds advised by an affiliate of Nuveen Fund Advisors during the 2019 calendar year. Eligible assets include closed-end fund assets managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors that are attributable to certain types of leverage. For these purposes, leverage includes the closed-end funds use of preferred stock and borrowings and certain investments in the residual interest certificates (also called inverse floating rate securities) in tender option bond (TOB) trusts, including the portion of assets held by the TOB trust that has been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate securities, subject to an agreement by Nuveen Fund Advisors as to certain funds to limit the amount of such assets for determining eligible assets in certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2019, the complex-level fee rate for the Fund was 0.1562%. |
In addition to the fee of Nuveen Fund Advisors, the Fund pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its trustees (other than those affiliated with Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management), custodian, transfer agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses associated with any Borrowings, expenses of issuing any Preferred Shares, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies, and taxes, if any. All fees and expenses are accrued daily and deducted before payment of dividends to investors.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards decision to approve the Investment Management Agreement for the Fund may be found in the Funds semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended August 31 of each year.
Sub-Advisory Agreement. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management will receive from Nuveen Fund Advisors a management fee equal to 38.4615% of Nuveen Fund Advisors net management fee from the Fund. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards decision to approve the Sub-Advisory Agreement for the Fund may be found in the Funds semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended August 31 of each year.
The Funds NAV per Common Share is determined as of the close of regular session trading (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business. NAV is calculated by taking the Funds total assets, including interest or dividends accrued but not yet collected, less all liabilities, and dividing by the total number of Common Shares outstanding. The result, rounded to the nearest cent, is the NAV per Common Share. All valuations are subject to review by the Funds Board or its delegate.
In determining NAV, expenses are accrued and applied daily and securities and other assets for which market quotations are available are valued at market value. The prices of municipal bonds are provided by a pricing service approved by the Funds Board. When market price quotes are not readily available (which is usually the case for municipal securities), the pricing service, or, in the absence of a pricing service for a particular security, the Board of the Fund, or its designee, may establish fair market value using a wide variety of market data including yields or prices of municipal bonds of comparable quality, type of issue, coupon, maturity and rating, market quotes or indications of value from securities dealers, evaluations of anticipated cash flows or collateral, general market conditions and other information and analysis, including the obligors credit
71
characteristics considered relevant by the pricing service or the Boards designee. Exchange-listed securities are generally valued at the last sales price on the securities exchange on which such securities are primarily traded. Securities traded on a securities exchange for which there are no transactions on a given day or securities not listed on a securities exchange are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices. Securities traded on Nasdaq are valued at the Nasdaq Official Closing Price. Temporary investments in securities that have variable rate and demand features qualifying them as short-term investments are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. See Net Asset Value in the SAI for more information.
The valuations for fixed income securities and certain derivative instruments are typically the prices supplied by independent third party pricing services, which may use market prices or broker/dealer quotations or a variety of fair valuation techniques and methodologies. Short-term fixed income securities that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investments fair value.
The valuations of certain fixed income securities will generally be based on prices determined as of the earlier closing time of the markets on which they primarily trade, unless a significant event has occurred.
If independent third party pricing services are unable to supply prices for a portfolio investment, or if the prices supplied are deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined by using quotations from one or more broker/dealers. When such prices or quotations are not available, or when believed to be unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. These procedures permit, among other things, the use of a matrix, formula or other method that takes into consideration market indexes, yield curves and other specific adjustments to determine fair value. The Fund may also use fair value procedures if it is determined that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Funds NAV is calculated. The effect of using fair value pricing is that the Common Share NAV will be subject to the judgment of the Board or its designee instead of being determined by the market. See Net Asset Value in the SAI for more information.
The Fund pays regular monthly distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate (stated in terms of a fixed cents per Common Shares dividend rate) that reflects the past and projected performance of the Fund. Distributions can only be made from net investment income after paying any accrued dividends to preferred shareholders, if additional Preferred Shares are issued in the future, or interest and required principal payments on borrowings.
The Funds ability to maintain a level dividend rate will depend on a number of factors, including the rate at which dividends are payable on the Preferred Shares. The net income of the Fund includes all interest income accrued on portfolio assets less all expenses of the Fund. Expenses of the Fund are accrued each day. For each year, all or substantially all of the net investment income of the Fund will be distributed. At least annually, the Fund also intends to distribute substantially all of its net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) and ordinary taxable income, if any, after paying any accrued dividends or making any liquidation payments to preferred shareholders and any interest and required principal payments on borrowings. Although it does not now intend to do so, the Board may change the Funds dividend policy and the amount or timing of the distributions, based on a number of factors, including the amount of the Funds undistributed net investment income and historical and projected investment income and the amount of the expenses and dividend rates on outstanding Preferred Shares and expenses and interest on borrowings.
The Fund might not distribute all or a portion of any net capital gain for a taxable year. If the Fund does not distribute all of its net capital gain for a taxable year, it will pay federal income tax on the retained gain. Each Common Shareholder of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year (i) will include in income for federal
72
income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, his or her share of the retained gain, (ii) will be deemed to have paid his or her proportionate share of tax paid by the Fund on such retained gain, and (iii) will be entitled to an income tax credit or refund for that share of the tax. While not currently anticipated, if the Fund makes total distributions for a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Funds earnings and profits, the excess would generally be treated by Common Shareholders as a return of capital for tax purposes. A return of capital reduces a shareholders tax basis, which could result in higher taxes when the shareholder sells his or her shares. This may cause the shareholder to pay taxes even if he or she sells shares for less than the original price.
The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time, upon notice to shareholders, subject to a finding by the Funds Board that such change is in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders.
If your Common Shares are registered directly with the Fund or if you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that participates in the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), you may elect to have all dividends, including any capital gain dividends, on your Common Shares automatically reinvested by the Plan Agent (defined below) in additional Common Shares under the Plan. You may elect to participate in the Plan by contacting Nuveen Investors Services at (800) 257-8787. If you do not participate, you will receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly to you or your brokerage firm by Computershare, as dividend paying agent (the Plan Agent). The tax consequences of a distribution are the same regardless of whether such distribution is reinvested or received in cash. See Tax Matters below.
Under the Plan, the number of Common Shares you will receive will be determined as follows:
(1) If Common Shares are trading at or above NAV at the time of valuation, the Fund will issue new shares at the then current market price;
(2) If Common Shares are trading below NAV at the time of valuation, the Plan Agent will receive the dividend or distribution in cash and will purchase Common Shares in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for the participants accounts. It is possible that the market price for the Common Shares may increase before the Plan Agent has completed its purchases. Therefore, the average purchase price per share paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the market price at the time of valuation, resulting in the purchase of fewer shares than if the dividend or distribution had been paid in Common Shares issued by the Fund. The Plan Agent will use all dividends and distributions received in cash to purchase Common Shares in the open market within 30 days of the valuation date. Interest will not be paid on any uninvested cash payments; or
(3) If the Plan Agent begins purchasing Fund shares on the open market while shares are trading below NAV, but the Funds shares subsequently trade at or above their NAV before the Plan Agent is able to complete its purchases, the Plan Agent may cease open-market purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the distribution in newly-issued Fund shares at a price equal to the greater of the shares NAV or 95% of the shares market value.
You may withdraw from the Plan at any time by giving written notice to the Plan Agent. If you withdraw or the Plan is terminated, you will receive whole shares in your account under the Plan and you will receive a cash payment for any fraction of a share in your account. If you wish, the Plan Agent will sell your shares and send you the proceeds, minus brokerage commissions and a $2.50 service fee.
The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the Plan and gives written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information you may need for tax records. Upon a repurchase of your shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) may be required to report to the IRS and furnish to you cost basis and holding period information for the Funds shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (covered shares).
73
For shares of the Fund held in the Plan, you are permitted to elect from among several permitted cost basis methods. In the absence of an election, the Plan will use first-in first-out (FIFO) methodology for tracking and reporting your cost basis on covered shares as its default cost basis method. The cost basis method you use may not be changed with respect to a repurchase of shares after the settlement date of the repurchase. You should consult with your tax advisors to determine the best permitted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting rules apply to you. Shareholders should also carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
Common Shares in your account will be held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form. Any proxy you receive will include all Common Shares you have received under the Plan.
There is no brokerage charge for reinvestment of your dividends or distributions in Common Shares. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases.
Automatically reinvesting dividends and distributions does not mean that you do not have to pay income taxes due, if any, upon receiving dividends and distributions.
If you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that does not participate in the Plan, you will not be able to participate in the Plan and any dividend reinvestment may be effected on different terms than those described above. Consult your financial advisor for more information.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan if in the judgment of the Board the change is warranted. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Additional information about the Plan may be obtained by writing to Computershare, P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, Kentucky, 40233-5000, (800) 257-8787.
The Fund may sell the Common Shares offered under this Prospectus through:
|
at-the-market transactions; |
|
underwriting syndicates; and |
|
privately negotiated transactions. |
The Fund will bear the expenses of the offering, including but not limited to, the expenses of preparation of the Prospectus and SAI for the offering and the expense of counsel and auditors in connection with the offering.
Distribution Through At-the-Market Transactions
The Fund has entered into a distribution agreement with Nuveen Securities (the Distribution Agreement), which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Fund may from time to time issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities to certain broker-dealers which have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities. Currently, Nuveen Securities has entered into a selected dealer agreement (the Selected Dealer Agreement) with UBS Securities LLC (UBS) pursuant to which UBS acts as Nuveen Securities sub-placement agent with respect to at-the-market offerings of Common Shares. The Selected Dealer Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Fund may from time to time issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities to certain broker-dealers which have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities.
74
Common Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by the Fund and Nuveen Securities. Common Shares will be sold at prevailing market prices through the National Market System, subject to a minimum price to be established each day by Nuveen Securities. The minimum price on any day will not be less than the current NAV per Common Share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities. The Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price.
The Fund will compensate Nuveen Securities with respect to sales of the Common Shares at a fixed commission rate of up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. Nuveen Securities will compensate sub-placement agents or other broker-dealers participating in the offering at a rate of up to 0.8% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares sold by that sub-placement agent or broker-dealer. Settlements of sales of Common Shares will occur on the second business day following the date on which any such sales are made. In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on behalf of the Fund, Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act, and the compensation of Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. Unless otherwise indicated in a further Prospectus supplement, Nuveen Securities will act as underwriter on a reasonable efforts basis.
The offering of Common Shares pursuant to the Distribution Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Common Shares subject thereto or (ii) termination of the Distribution Agreement. The Fund and Nuveen Securities each have the right to terminate the Distribution Agreement in its discretion at any time. The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to this Prospectus describing such transactions.
UBS, its affiliates and their respective employees hold or may hold in the future, directly or indirectly, investment interests in Nuveen, Nuveen Fund Advisors, TIAA, or any of their affiliates or funds. The interests held by employees of UBS or its affiliates are not attributable to, and no investment discretion is held by, UBS or its affiliates.
The Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020 was $15.76.
Distribution Through Underwriting Syndicates
The Fund from time to time may issue additional Common Shares through a syndicated secondary offering. In order to limit the impact on the market price of the Funds Common Shares, underwriters will market and price the offering on an expedited basis (e.g., overnight or similarly abbreviated offering period). The Fund will launch a syndicated offering on a day, and upon terms, mutually agreed upon between the Fund, Nuveen Securities, one of the Funds underwriters, and the underwriting syndicate.
The Fund will offer its shares at a price equal to a specified discount of up to 5% from the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. The applicable discount will be negotiated by the Fund and Nuveen Securities in consultation with the underwriting syndicate on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The Fund will compensate the underwriting syndicate out of the proceeds of the offering based upon a sales load of up to 4% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. The minimum net proceeds per share to the Fund will not be less than the greater of (i) the Funds latest NAV per Common Share or (ii) 91% of the closing market price of the shares of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date.
Distribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions
The Fund from time to time may sell directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional and other sophisticated investors, who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the 1933 Act for any resale of Common Shares. No sales commission or other compensation will be paid to Nuveen Securities or any other FINRA member in connection with such transactions.
75
The terms of such privately negotiated transactions will be subject to the discretion of the management of the Fund. In determining whether to sell Common Shares through a privately negotiated transaction, the Fund will consider relevant factors including, but not limited to, the attractiveness of obtaining additional funds through the sale of Common Shares, the purchase price to apply to any such sale of Common Shares and the person seeking to purchase the Common Shares.
Common Shares issued by the Fund through privately negotiated transactions will be issued at a price equal to the greater of (i) the NAV per share of the Funds Common Shares or (ii) at a discount ranging from 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the two business days preceding the date upon which Common Shares are sold pursuant to the privately negotiated transaction. The applicable discount will be determined by the Fund on a transaction-by-transaction basis.
The principal business address of Nuveen Securities is 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
Common Shares
The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The Common Shares being offered have a par value of $0.01 per share and, subject to the rights of holders of Preferred Shares, if issued, and borrowings, if incurred have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation of the Fund. The Common Shares being offered will, when issued, be fully paid and, subject to matters discussed under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust, non-assessable, and will have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting. Each Common Share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, and will vote together as a single class. Whenever the Fund incurs borrowings and/or Preferred Shares are outstanding, Common Shareholders will not be entitled to receive any cash distributions from the Fund unless all interest on such borrowings has been paid and all accrued dividends on Preferred Shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to any borrowings would be at least 300% after giving effect to the distributions and asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to Preferred Shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions. See Preferred Shares below.
The Common Shares are listed on the NYSE and trade under the ticker symbol NKX. The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such listing. The Fund will not issue share certificates.
Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may conveniently do so by trading on the exchange through a broker or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than NAV. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and have during other periods traded at prices lower than NAV.
Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), call protection, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, NAV, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot guarantee you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than NAV in the future. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
76
Preferred Shares
The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Preferred Shares in one or more classes or series, with rights as determined by the Board without the approval of holders of Common Shares. The Executive Committee of the Board, acting pursuant to authority delegated to it by the full Board, has authorized and the Fund has outstanding 2,922 VRDP Shares and 1,404 MFP Shares, as of January 31, 2020. The decision to issue additional Preferred Shares is subject to market conditions and to the Boards belief that leveraging the Funds capital structure through the issuance of Preferred Shares is likely to achieve the benefits to the Common Shareholders described in the Prospectus.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue senior securities that are Preferred Shares if, immediately after the issuance of Preferred Shares, the asset coverage ratio with respect to such shares would be less than 200%. See Leverage. Additionally, the Fund will generally not be permitted to purchase any of its Common Shares or declare dividends (except a dividend payable in Common Shares) or other distributions on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such purchase or declaration, the asset coverage ratio with respect to such Preferred Shares, after taking into account such purchase or distribution, is at least 200%.
Distribution Preference. Preferred Shares have complete priority over Common Shares as to distribution of assets.
Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Fund, holders of Preferred Shares would be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not earned or declared) before any distribution of assets is made to Common Shareholders.
Voting Rights. Preferred Shares are required to be voting shares and to have equal voting rights with Common Shares. Except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus or the SAI and except as otherwise required by applicable law, Preferred Shares would vote together with Common Shareholders as a single class.
Holders of Preferred Shares voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Funds trustees (following the establishment of the Fund by an initial trustee, the Declaration provides for a total of no less than two and no more than 12 trustees). The remaining trustees will be elected by Common Shareholders and holders of Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. In the unlikely event that two full years of accrued dividends are unpaid on the Preferred Shares, the holders of all outstanding Preferred Shares voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect a majority of the Funds trustees until all dividends in arrears have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In order for the Fund to take certain actions or enter into certain transactions, a separate class vote of holders of Preferred Shares would be required, in addition to the single class vote of the holders of Preferred Shares and Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and the SAI under Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights.
Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares. The terms of any Preferred Share offering provide that they may be redeemed by the issuer at certain times, in whole or in part, at the original purchase price per share plus accumulated dividends. Any redemption or purchase of Preferred Shares by the Fund will reduce the leverage applicable to Common Shares, while any issuance of shares by the Fund would increase such leverage.
The Fund applied for and obtained ratings for its Preferred Shares from two NRSROs. As long as Preferred Shares are outstanding, the composition of the Funds portfolio would reflect guidelines established by such NRSROs. Based on previous guidelines established by such NRSROs for the securities of other issuers, the Fund anticipates that the guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. However, at this time, no assurance can be given as to the nature or extent of the guidelines that may be imposed in connection with obtaining a rating of any Preferred Shares.
77
CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST AND BY-LAWS
Shareholder and Trustee Liability. Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for debts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such limited liability be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the trustees. The Declaration further provides for indemnification out of the assets and property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The Fund believes that the likelihood of such circumstances is remote.
The Declaration provides that the Funds obligations are not binding upon the Funds trustees individually, but only upon the Funds assets and property, and that the trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Nothing in the Declaration, however, protects a trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. The Declaration and By-Laws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. The By-Laws require the Board be divided into three classes with staggered terms. See the SAI under Management of the Fund. This provision of the By-Laws could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. If Preferred Shares are issued, holders of Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Funds trustees. In addition, the Declaration includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. Specifically, the Declaration requires a vote by holders of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a single class, except as described below, to authorize (1) a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, (2) a merger or consolidation of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or a reorganization of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, (3) a sale, lease or transfer of all or substantially all of the Funds assets (other than in the regular course of the Funds investment activities), (4) in certain circumstances, a termination of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund or (5) removal of trustees by shareholders (except at the end of a trustees term), and then only for cause, unless, with respect to (1) through (4), such transaction has already been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, in which case the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds Common Shares and Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, is required, provided, however, that where only a particular class or series is affected (or, in the case of removing a trustee, when the trustee has been elected by only one class), the required vote only by the applicable class or series will be required. Approval of shareholders is not required, however, for any transaction, whether deemed a merger, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise whereby the Fund issues shares in connection with the acquisition of assets (including those subject to liabilities) from any other investment company or similar entity. In the case of the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company, or in the case of any of the foregoing transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of Preferred Shares the action in question will also require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, or, if such action has been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds Preferred Share outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class. None of the foregoing provisions may be amended except by the vote of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a single class. The votes required to approve the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company or to approve transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of Preferred Shares are higher than those required by the 1940 Act. The Board is divided into three classes, such a staggered board could delay for up to two years the replacement of a
78
majority of the Board. The Board believes that the provisions of the Declaration relating to such higher votes are in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Note, the Funds staggered Board could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. Reference should be made to the Declaration on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.
The Declaration provides that the obligations of the Fund are not binding upon the trustees of the Fund individually, but only upon the assets and property of the Fund, and that the trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Nothing in the Declaration, however, protects a trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
The provisions of the Declaration described above could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a third party. They provide, however, the advantage of potentially requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid and facilitating the continuity of the Funds investment objectives and policies. The Board of the Fund has considered the foregoing anti-takeover provisions and concluded that they are in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders.
REPURCHASE OF FUND SHARES; CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including distribution levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), NAV, call protection, distribution stability, portfolio credit quality relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors. Because shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than NAV, the Funds Board has currently determined that, at least annually, it will consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from NAV in respect of common shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares at NAV, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. There can be no assurance, however, that the Board will decide to take any of these actions, or that share repurchases or tender offers, if undertaken, will reduce market discount. On August 9, 2019, the Funds Board renewed the Funds open market share repurchase program under which the Fund may repurchase up to 10% of its Common Shares. Since the inception of the Funds share repurchase program through March 2, 2020, the Fund has repurchased 230,000 Common Shares under the program.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time if the Fund has Preferred Shares outstanding, the Fund may not purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its Common Shares unless (1) all accrued Preferred Shares dividends have been paid and (2) at the time of such purchase, redemption or acquisition, the NAV of the Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the acquisition price of Common Shares) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding Preferred Shares (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon). The staff of the SEC currently requires that any tender offer made by a closed-end investment company for its shares must be at a price equal to the NAV of such shares at the close of business on the last day of the tender offer. Any service fees incurred in connection with any tender offer made by the Fund will be borne by the Fund and will not reduce the stated consideration to be paid to tendering shareholders.
Subject to its investment limitations, the Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by
79
the Fund in anticipation of share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Funds net income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board would have to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Although the decision to take action in response to a discount from NAV will be made by the Board of the Fund at the time it considers such issue, it is the Boards present policy, which may be changed by the Board, not to authorize repurchases of Common Shares or a tender offer for such shares if (1) such transactions, if consummated, would (a) result in the delisting of the Common Shares from the NYSE, or (b) impair the Funds eligibility for treatment as a RIC under the Code, or impair the Funds status as a registered closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act; (2) the Fund would not be able to liquidate portfolio securities in an orderly manner and consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies in order to repurchase shares; or (3) there is, in the Boards judgment, any (a) material legal action or proceeding instituted or threatened challenging such transactions or otherwise materially adversely affecting the Fund, (b) general suspension of or limitation on prices for trading securities on the NYSE, (c) declaration of a banking moratorium by Federal or state authorities or any suspension of payment by United States or state banks in which the Fund invests, (d) material limitation affecting the Fund or the issuers of its portfolio securities by federal or state authorities on the extension of credit by lending institutions or on the exchange of foreign currency, (e) commencement of war, armed hostilities or other international or national calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States, or (f) other event or condition which would have a material adverse effect (including any adverse tax effect) on the Fund or its shareholders if shares were repurchased. The Board of the Fund may in the future modify these conditions in light of experience.
Conversion to an open-end company would require the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Common Shares and Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, and of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, provided however, that such separate class vote shall be a majority vote if the action in question has previously been approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or By-Laws. See the Prospectus under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust for a discussion of voting requirements applicable to conversion of the Fund to an open-end company. If the Fund converted to an open-end company, it would be required to redeem all Preferred Shares then outstanding, and the Funds common shares would no longer be listed on the NYSE. In contrast to a closed-end investment company, shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their NAV, less any redemption charge that is in effect at the time of redemption. As a result, conversion to open-end status may require changes in the management of the Funds portfolio in order to meet the liquidity requirements applicable to open-end funds. Because portfolio securities may have to be liquidated to meet redemptions, conversion could affect the Funds ability to meet its investment objectives or to use certain investment policies and techniques described above. If converted to an open-end fund, the Fund expects to pay all redemptions in cash, but intends to reserve the right to pay redemption requests in a combination of cash or securities. If such partial payment in securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in converting such securities to cash. If the Fund were converted to an open-end fund, it is likely that new Common Shares would be sold at NAV plus a sales load. See Repurchase of Fund Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund in the SAI for a discussion of the voting requirements applicable to the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company.
Before deciding whether to take any action if the Funds Common Shares trade below NAV, the Board of the Fund would consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Funds portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Funds shares should trade at a discount, the Board may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken.
80
The following information is meant as a general summary for U.S. shareholders. Please see the SAI for additional information. Investors should rely on their own tax adviser for advice about the particular federal, state and local tax consequences to them of investing in the Fund.
The Tax Act made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and only apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. There are only minor changes with respect to the specific rules applicable to a RIC, such as the Fund. The Tax Act, however, made numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Fund. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Fund.
The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must satisfy certain requirements regarding the sources of its income, the diversification of its assets and the distribution of its income. As a RIC, the Fund is not expected to be subject to federal income tax. The Fund primarily invests in municipal securities (as defined above) issued by states, cities and local authorities and certain possessions and territories of the United States (such as Puerto Rico or Guam) or municipal securities whose income is otherwise exempt from regular federal and California income taxes. To qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, which are treated as items of interest excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund must consist of obligations exempt from regular income tax as of the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year. If the proportion of taxable investments held by the Fund exceeds 50% of the Funds total assets as of the close of any quarter of any Fund taxable year, the Fund would not for that taxable year satisfy the general eligibility test that would otherwise permit it to pay exempt-interest dividends. Substantially all of the Funds dividends paid to you are expected to qualify as exempt-interest dividends. A shareholder treats an exempt-interest dividend as interest on state and local bonds exempt from regular federal income tax. Although the Fund expects that under normal circumstances it will not invest in municipal securities the interest on which is subject to the federal alternative minimum tax, at times a portion of the income from municipal securities may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. Federal income tax law imposes an alternative minimum tax with respect to individuals, trust and estates. The Tax Act repealed the federal alternative minimum tax for corporations for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. Interest on certain municipal securities, such as certain private activity bonds, is included as an item of tax preference in determining the amount of a taxpayers alternative minimum taxable income. However, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests 100% of its Assets in securities the interest on which is not a tax preference item.
In addition to exempt-interest dividends, the Fund may also distribute to its shareholders amounts that are treated as long-term capital gain or ordinary income (which may include short-term capital gains). These distributions are generally subject to regular federal income tax, whether or not reinvested in additional shares. Capital gain distributions are generally taxable at rates applicable to long-term capital gains regardless of how long a shareholder has held its shares. Long-term capital gains are taxable to non-corporate shareholders at rates of up to 20%. The Fund does not expect that any part of its distributions to shareholders from its investments will qualify for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders or as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at reduced U.S. federal income tax rates.
A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a surviving spouse for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholders net investment income, but exempt-interest dividends are not taken into account.
81
As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax in any taxable year provided that it meets certain distribution requirements. As described in Distributions above, the Fund might not distribute some (or all) of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain or taxable net investment income, it will be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who, if subject to federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount; (ii) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount and will be entitled to credit that amount of tax against their federal income tax liabilities, if any; and (iii) will be entitled to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder.
Dividends declared by the Fund in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record in such a month, and paid during the following January will be treated as having been received by shareholders in the year the distributions were declared.
Each shareholder will receive an annual statement summarizing the shareholders dividend and capital gains distributions.
The repurchase, sale or exchange of Common Shares normally will result in capital gain or loss to holders of Common Shares who hold their shares as capital assets. Generally a shareholders gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year even though the increase in value in such Common Shares may be at least partly attributable to tax-exempt interest income. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income. For non-corporate taxpayers, however, long-term capital gains are taxed at rates of up to 20%. Short-term capital gains and other ordinary income are taxed to non-corporate shareholders at ordinary income rates. If a shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of Common Shares before holding them for six months, any loss on the sale or disposition will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the Common Shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amount credited to the Common Shareholder as undistributed capital gain). Any loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed to the extent those shares of the Fund are replaced by substantially identical shares of the Fund (including shares acquired by reason of participation in the Plan) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition of the original shares, or to the extent the shareholder enters into a contract or option to repurchase shares within such period. In that event, the basis of the replacement shares of the Fund will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry the Funds shares to which exempt-interest dividends are allocated is not deductible. Under certain applicable rules, the purchase or ownership of shares may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not directly used for the purchase or ownership of the shares. In addition, if you receive social security or certain railroad retirement benefits, you may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of such benefits as a result of receiving investment income, including exempt-interest dividends and other distributions paid by the Fund.
The Fund may be required to withhold (as backup withholding) U.S. federal income tax from distributions (including exempt-interest dividends) and repurchase proceeds payable to a shareholder if the shareholder fails to provide the Fund with his or her correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if the shareholder has been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that he or she is subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding rate is 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, it is a way in which the IRS ensures it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability.
82
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from regular federal or California income taxes.
California Tax Matters
The Funds regular monthly dividends will not be subject to California personal income tax to the extent they are paid out of income earned on obligations that, when held by individuals, pay interest that is exempt from taxation by California under California law (e.g., obligations of California and its political subdivisions) or federal law, so long as at the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets consists of such obligations and the Fund designates such tax-exempt distributions pursuant to certain written notice requirements to its shareholders. The portion of the Funds monthly dividends that is attributable to income other than as described in the preceding sentence will be subject to the California income tax. The Fund expects to earn no or only a minimal amount of such non-exempt income. If you are an individual California resident, you will be subject to California personal income tax to the extent the Fund distributes any realized capital gains, or if you sell or exchange shares and realize a capital gain on the transaction.
Other State and Local Tax Matters
While exempt-interest dividends are exempt from regular federal and California income taxes, they may not be exempt from other state or local income or other taxes. Some states exempt from state income tax that portion of any exempt-interest dividend that is derived from interest a RIC receives on its holdings of securities of that state and its political subdivisions and instrumentalities. Therefore, the Fund will report annually to its shareholders the percentage of interest income the Fund earned during the preceding year on tax-exempt obligations and the Fund will indicate, on a state-by-state basis, the source of this income. Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors for more detailed information concerning California tax matters or the tax laws of their state and locality of residence. Please refer to the SAI for more detailed information.
The custodian of the Funds assets is State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (the Custodian). The Custodian performs custodial, fund accounting and portfolio accounting services. The Funds transfer, shareholder services and dividend paying agent is Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. The Computershare is located at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP (KPMG), an independent registered public accounting firm, provides auditing services to the Fund. The principal business address of KPMG is 200 East Randolph Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601.
Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Washington, D.C.
83
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) and the 1940 Act and is required to file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Reports, proxy statements, and other information about the Fund can be inspected at the offices of the NYSE.
This Prospectus does not contain all of the information in the Funds Registration Statement, including amendments, exhibits, and schedules. Additional information about the Fund and the Common Shares can be found in the Funds Registration Statement (including amendments, exhibits, and schedules) on Form N-2 filed with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains the Funds Registration Statement, other documents incorporated by reference, and other information the Fund has filed electronically with the SEC, including proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act.
84
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
1 | ||||
1 | ||||
4 | ||||
23 | ||||
41 | ||||
43 | ||||
46 | ||||
46 | ||||
46 | ||||
48 | ||||
48 | ||||
49 | ||||
50 | ||||
52 | ||||
54 | ||||
55 | ||||
57 | ||||
63 | ||||
63 | ||||
63 | ||||
63 | ||||
64 | ||||
A-1 | ||||
B-1 |
85
APPENDIX A: FACTORS AFFECTING MUNICIPAL SECURITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The following information constitutes only a brief summary of some of the general factors that may impact certain issuers of municipal bonds and does not purport to be a complete or exhaustive description of all adverse conditions to which the issuers of municipal bonds held by the Fund are subject. Additionally, many factors, including national economic, social and environmental policies and conditions, which are not within the control of the issuers of the municipal bonds, could affect or could have an adverse impact on the financial condition of the issuers. The Fund is unable to predict whether or to what extent such factors or other factors may affect the issuers of the municipal securities, the market value or marketability of the municipal securities or the ability of the respective issuers of the municipal bonds acquired by the Fund to pay interest on or principal of the municipal securities. This information has not been independently verified.
The Fund invests a high proportion of its assets in municipal securities of the State of California (the State or California). The payment of interest on and preservation of principal in these securities are dependent upon the continuing ability of California issuers and/or obligors of state, municipal and public authority debt obligations to meet their obligations thereunder. In addition to general economic pressures, certain California constitutional amendments, legislative measures, executive orders, administrative regulations and voter initiatives could adversely affect a California issuers ability to raise revenues to meet its financial obligations.
Special Risk Considerations Relating to California Municipal Securities
As described in the Prospectus, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80 percent of its Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from regular federal and California income tax. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in tax-exempt California municipal securities that Nuveen Asset Management believes are underrated and undervalued or that represent municipal market sectors that are undervalued. The specific California municipal securities in which the Fund will invest will change from time to time. The Fund is therefore susceptible to political, economic, regulatory or other factors affecting issuers of California municipal securities.
The following information constitutes only a brief summary of a number of the complex factors which may impact issuers of California municipal securities and does not purport to be a complete or exhaustive description of all adverse conditions to which issuers of California municipal securities may be subject. Such information is derived from official statements utilized in connection with the issuance of California municipal securities, as well as from other publicly available documents. Such an official statement, together with any updates or supplements thereto, generally may be obtained upon request to the States Treasurers office. Such information has not been independently verified by the Fund and the Fund assumes no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of such information. The summary below does not include all of the information pertaining to the budget, receipts and disbursements of the State that would ordinarily be included in various public documents issued thereby, such as an official statement prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of the State. Additionally, many factors, including national, economic, social and environmental policies and conditions, which are not within the control of such issuers, could have an adverse impact on the financial condition of such issuers. The Fund cannot predict whether or to what extent such factors or other factors may affect the issuers of California municipal securities, the market value or marketability of such securities or the ability of the respective issuers of such securities acquired by the Fund to pay interest on or principal of such securities. The creditworthiness of obligations issued by local California issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by California, and there is no assurance on the part of the State to make payments on such local obligations. There may be specific factors that are applicable in connection with investment in the obligations of particular issuers located within the State, and it is possible the Fund will invest in obligations of particular issuers as to which such specific factors are applicable. However, the information set forth below is intended only as a general summary and not as a discussion of any specific factors that may affect any particular issuer of California municipal securities.
A-1
General Economic Conditions
The States economy, the largest among the 50 states and the fifth largest in the world (in terms of GDP), has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and services. The relative proportion of the various components of the States economy closely resembles the make-up of the national economy. The California economy continues to benefit from broad-based growth.
Real GDP of the United States grew by 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019, reflecting positive contributions from strong consumption, exports, residential fixed investment and federal, state and local government spending. Growth is expected to continue in the short term with real GDP growth gradually slowing to 1.7 percent by 2022 due to increased pressure from tariffs, slowing global economic growth, slower investments and other risks. The national unemployment rate fell to 3.6 percent in April 2019, a near five decade low and was 3.5 percent as of December 2019. Nationally, real GDP growth is estimated to be around 2 percent through 2021 and the unemployment rate is expected to stay around 3.6 percent through 2020. The States unemployment rate as of December 2019 was 3.9 percent.
Inflation in California since 2014 remained concentrated most notably in housing due to housing supply and demand imbalances. Californias inflation averaged 3.7 percent in 2018 and is expected to decelerate to 3.4 percent in 2019 and 2020. In comparison, U.S. inflation rose by 2.4 percent in 2018 and is expected to remain around 2 percent starting in 2019. Inflation in California is expected to remain higher than U.S. inflation due to housing pressures in the State and higher energy prices.
Home building permit issuance is projected to continue grow around 10 percent on average from the 2018 level of around 120,000. It is estimated that approximately 200,000 permit-authorized housing units are needed annually to accommodate population growth, demolitions from infill projects, and disaster recover. The States forecast assumes the State will reach 200,000 of such units annually around 2025.
The risk of recession increased throughout 2019 and continues into 2020 with tariffs imposed between the U.S. and China, further global economic slowdown and public health concerns surrounding the global spread of the coronavirus (known as COVID-19 and the Coronavirus).
Outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern could have wide ranging impacts on the States economy. In late 2019, an outbreak of the Coronavirus was identified in China, and over the course of weeks, spread globally. On March 4, 2020, Governor Newsom declared a State of Emergency to help the State prepare for a broader spread of the Coronavirus. The economic projections in this Appendix A were made prior to this declaration. Accordingly, the economic impact of the Coronavirus was not assessed in any such projections. Since the declaration, public officials in California have stated that the Coronavirus has the possibility of sustained damage to the States economy, particularly given the impact of quarantines, a decline international trade and a decrease in tourism. An epidemic outbreak may lead to an increase in budgetary spending to respond to the spread of an infectious disease and significant policy changes which could have an unfavorable impact on the States economy. Precautions or restrictions imposed by governmental authorities and public health departments could result in undeterminable periods of decreased economic activity in the State, throughout the U.S. and globally, including reduced or ceased business operations, limited travel and shortages of supplies, goods and services. An epidemic outbreak and reactions to such an outbreak could cause uncertainty in the markets and businesses and may adversely affect the performance of the global economy, including market volatility, market and business uncertainty and closures, supply chain and travel interruptions, the need for employees to work at external locations and extensive medical absences among the workforce. It is difficult to predict accurately the impact of any large epidemic, and because an epidemic may create significant market and business uncertainties and disruptions, not all events can be determined and addressed in advance.
A-2
Between July 2019 and March 2020, the Federal Reserve has issued multiple interest rate cuts, including one in response to the outbreak of the Coronavirus, which reflects the perception of increased risks and uncertainty. While lower interest rates might have some positive impact on investment in the short run, low interest rates and federal deficits leave little room for stabilization during times of downturn. Even under continued growth, the federal deficit is projected to reach $1.0 trillion in 2020 and average $1.3 trillion between 2021 and 2030, and the debt to GDP levels are increasing. In addition, federal tax reform and other federal fiscal policies are contributing to a growing federal deficit, which will constrain the federal governments options to address an economic recession.
In the next recession, the deficit could rise much higher and force cuts to federal programs on which Californians depend.
While the State projects a balanced budget through the projection period, which ends in fiscal year 2022-23, several economic and budget risks threaten the States fiscal condition, including the threat of recession, changes to federal policies, federal tax law changes, federal trade policy, the federal census count, possible federal government shutdowns, health care costs, housing constraints, capital gains volatility, debts and liabilities, climate change, cybersecurity risks, public health risks (including the outbreak of the Coronavirus), and the significant unfunded liabilities of the two main State retirement systems, the California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) and the California State Teachers Retirement System (CalSTRS). Although the State has paid down a substantial amount of these debts in the past several years and has put in place plans to pay off all major State retirement-related liabilities over the next three decades, the State faces hundreds of billions of dollars in other long-term cost pressures, and debts and liabilities, including State retiree pension and health care costs.
There can be no assurances that the State will not face fiscal stress and cash pressures again or that other changes in the State or national economies or in federal policies will not materially adversely affect the financial condition of the State.
CaliforniaGovernment
Californias Constitution provides for three separate branches of government: the legislative, the judicial and the executive. The Constitution guarantees the electorate the right to make basic decisions, including amending the Constitution and local government charters. In addition, Californias voters may directly influence the States government through the initiative, referendum and recall processes.
Local Governments
The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties, which range in population from less than 2,000 residents in Alpine County to over 10 million in Los Angeles County. Counties are responsible for the provision of many basic services, including indigent health care, welfare, jails, and public safety in unincorporated areas. There are also nearly 500 incorporated cities in California and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities, and other services. Spending and revenues collected by the State or by local governments has shifted over the past decades.
The fiscal condition of local governments has been constrained since Proposition 13, which added Article XIII A to the State Constitution, was approved by California voters in 1978. Proposition 13 reduced and limited the future growth of property taxes and limited the ability of local governments to impose special taxes (those devoted to a specific purpose) without two-thirds voter approval. Proposition 218, another constitutional amendment enacted by initiative in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. Counties, in particular, have had fewer options to raise revenues than many other local government entities, while they have been required to maintain many services.
A-3
In the aftermath of Proposition 13, the State provided aid to local governments from the General Fund to make up some of the loss of property tax moneys, including assuming principal responsibility for funding K-12 schools and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the Legislature reduced the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities other than K-12 schools and community colleges by requiring cities and counties to transfer some of their property tax revenues to school districts. However, the Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for local services funded by cities and counties.
Proposition 218, a constitutional amendment approved by the voters in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. The limitations include requiring a majority vote approval for general local tax increases, prohibiting fees for services in excess of the cost of providing such service, and providing that no fee may be charged for fire, police, or any other service widely available to the public.
The 2004 Budget Act, related legislation and the enactment of Proposition 1A in 2004 and Proposition 22 in 2010 further changed the State-local fiscal relationship. These constitutional and statutory changes implemented an agreement negotiated between the Governor and local government officials (the state-local agreement) in connection with the 2004 Budget Act.
As part of the state-local agreement, voters at the November 2004 election approved Proposition 1A. This Proposition amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the Legislatures authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the States access to local governments property, sales, and vehicle license fees (VLF) revenues as of November 3, 2004. Proposition 22, adopted on November 2, 2010, supersedes Proposition 1A and generally prohibits the Legislature from making changes in local government funding sources. Allocation of local transportation funds cannot be changed without an extensive process.
The 2011 Budget Act included a major realignment of public safety programs from the State to local governments. The realignment was designed to move program and fiscal responsibility to the level of government that can best provide the service, eliminate duplication of effort, generate savings and increase flexibility. Proposition 30, approved by voters in November 2012 increased personal income tax rates for high-income taxpayers and placed into the State Constitution the current statutory provisions transferring 1.0625 percent of the State sales tax to local governments to fund the realignment program for many services including housing criminal offenders. The personal income tax rates for high-income taxpayers, which were set to expire on December 31, 2018, were extended through tax year 2030 by Proposition 55 in the November 2016 election. Under specified conditions, beginning in fiscal year 2018-19, Proposition 55 also authorizes the use of up to $2 billion in a fiscal year from these revenues for health care.
California Finances
The States moneys are segregated into the General Fund and over 1,000 other funds, including special, bond, federal and other funds. The General Fund consists of revenues received by the States Treasury that are not required by law to be credited to any fund and earnings from the investment of California moneys not allocable to another fund. The General Fund is the principal operating fund for the majority of governmental activities and is the depository of most of the major revenue sources of the State.
The following is a summary of Californias major revenue sources:
Personal Income Tax. The California personal income tax is closely modeled after the federal income tax law. It is imposed on net taxable income (gross income less exclusions and deductions), with rates ranging from 1 to 12.3 percent. In addition, a 1 percent surcharge is imposed on taxable income above $1 million and proceeds from such surcharge are dedicated to the States Mental Health Services Fund. The personal income tax
A-4
is adjusted annually for inflation. Personal, dependent, and other credits are allowed against the gross tax liability. Taxpayers may be subject to an alternative minimum tax (AMT), which is much like the federal AMT.
Taxes on capital gains realizations, which are largely linked to stock market and real estate performance, can add a significant dimension of volatility to personal income tax receipts. Forecasting capital gains is extremely difficult, as the forecasts can change rapidly during a year due to abrupt changes in asset markets and the overall economy. For example, capital gains tax receipts accounted for over 10 percent of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2016-17 but were less than 5 percent in fiscal year 2010-11 and have, in the past, changed more than 5 percent from fiscal year to fiscal year. The volatility in these percentages is primarily due to an underlying volatility in the level of capital gains tax revenues, rather than to volatility in other General Fund revenues and transfers.
Sales Tax. The sales tax is imposed upon retailers for the privilege of selling tangible personal property in California. Most retail sales and leases are subject to the tax. However, exemptions have been provided for certain essentials such as food for home consumption, prescription drugs, gas delivered through mains and electricity. Other exemptions provide relief for a variety of sales ranging from custom computer software to aircraft. As of January 1, 2019, the base State and local sales tax was 7.25 percent. Most cities and counties have increased the sales tax percentage in their jurisdiction above the base amount. On June 21, 2018, the Supreme Court in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. overruled previous decisions which significantly limited states legal authority to require out-of-state retailers to collect and remit use tax. In April 2019, the Legislature passed AB 147 which requires that businesses remit sales tax to California if they met a threshold of $500,000 sales into California per year, effective on April 25, 2019. It also mandated, as of October 1, 2019, any business acting as a marketplace facilitator had to remit California sales tax for sales into California that took place on their website. This is expected to result in additional General Fund tax revenue of $280 million in fiscal year 2018-19 and $610 million in fiscal year 2019-20.
Corporation Tax. The States corporate tax revenue is derived from franchise tax, corporate income tax, additional taxes on banks and other financial corporations, a State AMT, a tax on the profits of Sub-Chapter S corporations, and fees and taxes paid by limited liability companies.
Insurance Tax. The majority of insurance written in the State, subject to certain exceptions, is subject to a 2.35 percent gross premium tax.
Special Fund Revenues. The State Constitution and statutes specify the uses of certain revenues, and such receipts are accounted for in various special funds. While these funds are not directly available to repay State general obligation bonds, the General Fund may, when needed to meet cash flow needs, temporarily borrow from certain special funds. In general, special fund revenues comprise three categories of income: receipts from tax levies allocated to specified functions; charges for certain services provided by the State government; and rental royalties.
Taxes on Tobacco Products. Cigarette and tobacco taxes primarily affect special funds, though some goes to the General Fund.
Taxes on Cannabis Products. Voters approved Proposition 64 in November 2016, which legalized the recreational use of cannabis within California for persons age 21 and over, effective November 9, 2016. The measure also levies new excise taxes on the cultivation and retail sale of both recreational and medical cannabis as of January 1, 2018 to be spent for specific purposes.
California Budget Process
Californias fiscal year begins on July 1st and ends on June 30th of the following year. Under the California Constitution, money may be drawn from the Treasury only through an appropriation made by law. The primary source of the annual expenditure is the annual Budget Act as approved by the Legislature and signed by the Governor. The annual budget is proposed by the Governor by January 10 of each year for the next fiscal year (the
A-5
Governors Budget). California law requires the annual proposed Governors Budget to provide for projected revenues equal to or in excess of projected expenditures for the ensuing fiscal year. Following the submission of the Governors Budget, the Legislature takes up the proposal. During late spring, usually in May, the Department of Finance submits revised revenue and expenditure estimates (known as the May Revision) for both the current and budget years to the Legislature. The Budget Act, which follows the May Revision, must be approved by a majority vote of each House of the Legislature.
Appropriations also may be included in legislation other than the Budget Act. With limited exceptions, bills containing General Fund appropriations must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote in each House of the Legislature and be signed by the Governor. Continuing appropriations, available without regard to fiscal year, may also be provided by statute or the California Constitution.
The Governor may reduce or eliminate specific line items in the Budget Act or any other appropriations bill without vetoing the entire bill. Such individual line-item vetoes are subject to override by a two-thirds majority vote of each House of the Legislature.
The Balanced Budget Amendment (Proposition 58, approved by the voters in 2004) requires the State to enact a balanced budget, establishes a special reserve in the General Fund, restricts future borrowings to cover budget deficits, and provides for mid-year budget adjustments if the budget falls out of balance. The Legislature may not pass a budget bill in which General Fund expenditures exceed estimated General Fund revenues and fund balances at the time of passage and as set forth in the budget bill. As a result of the requirements of Proposition 58, the State must, in some cases, take more immediate actions to correct budgetary shortfalls. For example, if, after passage of the Budget Act, the Governor determines that the State is facing substantial revenue shortfalls or spending deficiencies, the Governor is authorized to declare a fiscal emergency and propose legislation to address the emergency. The Legislature is called in to special session to address this proposal. If the Legislature fails to send legislation to the Governor to address the fiscal emergency within 45 days, it is prohibited from acting on any other bills or adjourning until fiscal legislation is passed. Such fiscal emergencies were declared in years 2008 to 2011, and the Legislature was called into various special sessions to address budget shortfalls. Proposition 58 also prohibits certain future borrowings to cover budget deficits. These restrictions apply to general obligation bonds, revenue bonds and certain other forms of long-term borrowings, but do not apply to certain other types of borrowing, such as (i) short-term borrowing to cover cash shortfalls in the General Fund (including revenue anticipation notes or revenue anticipation warrants currently used by the State), or (ii) inter-fund borrowings.
In addition to Proposition 58, a number of other laws and constitutional amendments have been enacted over the years, often through voter initiatives, which have made it more difficult to raise the States taxes, have restricted the use of the General Fund or special fund revenues, or have otherwise limited the Legislature and Governors discretion in enacting budgets. Examples of constraints on the budget process include Proposition 13 (requiring a two-thirds vote in each House of the Legislature to change California taxes enacted for the purpose of increasing revenues collected), Proposition 98 (requiring a minimum percentage of General Fund revenues be spent on local education), Proposition 49 (requiring expanded State funding for before and after school programs), Proposition 10 (raising taxes on tobacco products but mandating the expenditure of such revenues), Proposition 56 (further raising taxes on tobacco products and again mandating the expenditures of such revenues), Proposition 63 (imposing a 1 percent tax surcharge on taxpayers with annual taxable income of more than $1 million in order to fund mental health services and limiting the Legislature or Governor from redirecting funds now used for mental health services), Proposition 22 (restricting the ability of the State to use or borrow money from local governments and moneys dedicated to transportation financing, and prohibiting the use of excise taxes on motor vehicle fuels to offset General Fund costs of debt service on certain transportation bonds), Proposition 30 (transferring 1.0625 percent of State sales tax to local governments to fund realignment), and Proposition 39 (requiring corporations to base their State tax liability on sales in California). Proposition 25 was intended to end delays in the adoption of the annual budget by changing the legislative vote necessary to pass the
A-6
budget bill from two-thirds to majority vote and requiring the legislators to forgo their pay if the Legislature fails to pass the budget bill on time. Proposition 2, passed in November 2014, changes the way the State pays down debt and saves money in reserves.
California Budget
Budget deficits in California have recurred from year-to-year for over a decade prior to the 2013-14 fiscal year. Weakness in the State economy caused State tax revenues to decline precipitously, resulting in large budget gaps and cash shortfalls. In addition to the economic downturn in 2008, Californias budget crises were also a result of State spending commitments funded by temporary spikes in revenues. Once revenues return to their normal trend or drop precipitously, these commitments cannot be sustained, and dramatic cuts to programs and/or tax increases sometimes have been required. Budgets were balanced using, at least in part, unrealized assumptions and one-time or temporary measures. Californias budget challenges were exacerbated by a wall of debt, which was an unprecedented level of debt, deferrals and budgetary obligations that accumulated for over a decade and was recently eliminated in the 2019 Budget.
As the States economy has recovered since the last recession, the States budgets have significantly expanded government spending. The State has paid down some of its debt and has addressed some long-standing problemssuch as implementing plans to restore fiscal health to State pension plans and making improvements to the States water system.
The passage of Proposition 2 in November 2014 gives the State a means to seek to avoid repeating the prior boom-and-bust cycles. Under Proposition 2, spikes in capital gains are used, in part, to save money for the next recession through the establishment of a rainy day fund (otherwise known as the Budget Stabilization Account or the BSA), and to pay down the States debts and liabilities. The Proposition also sets requirements as to how money in the rainy day fund is used and requires that the State provide multi-year budget forecasts to help better manage the States longer term finances. It is estimated that the State will end the 2022-23 fiscal year with a BSA balance of $19.4 billion and since the adoption of Proposition 2, $13 billion in reductions of debts and liabilities.
Nonetheless, despite the significant budget improvements during the least several years, a number of risks threaten the States financial condition. These risks include, but are not limited to, the threat of recession, potentially unfavorable changes to federal fiscal policies, federal tax law changes, federal trade policy, the upcoming federal census count, possible federal government shutdowns, health care costs, housing constraints, capital gains volatility, debts and liabilities, climate change, cybersecurity risks and public health risks (including the outbreak of the Coronavirus). There is also growing uncertainty related to the global and economic climate. The economy is in the longest period of expansion in modern history, and another recession is ultimately inevitable. The stock market was recently at an all-time high and has been highly volatile. A sudden fall would likely adversely affect investment and hiring decision at California companies, even in the absence of a full recession. Federal policy shifts, such as expenditure reductions and changes in interest rates, may cause businesses and individuals to pull back on investment or consumption and could have detrimental effects on the States budget. The federal tax bill enacted in December 2017 made significant and complex changes to the federal tax laws beginning in 2018 that are expected to induce changes in taxpayer behavior that are not yet fully understood. Ongoing trade disputes with China and the European Union and the recently negotiated United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement could have negative effects on the California economy as China and Mexico are among the States top three trading partners. An undercount in the 2020 federal census could particularly disadvantage the State as federal funds are allocated based on population size and the State has a significant share of the population designated as hard to count compared to the rest of the U.S. The States Medicaid program is one of the States largest expenditures, and as the State continues to implement federal health care reform or as the federal government continues to make significant policy changes, the States spending on health care costs could increase significantly and State budgetary spending could become more dependent on the inflation rate of health costs.
A-7
The State also faces significant unfunded liability of the States two main retirement systems, CalPERS and CalSTRS, in the tens of billions of dollars. The State has committed to significant increases in the annual payments of these two systems to reduce their unfunded liabilities. The State also has significant unfunded liability with respect to other postemployment benefits (OPEB). Strategies to prefund these costs were established in 2015 and today, nearly all state employees contribute toward prefunding OPEB costs.
The discussion below of the proposed fiscal year 2020-21 budget and the fiscal year 2019-20 budget is based on estimates and projections of revenues and expenditures by the Governors administration, and must not be construed as statements of fact. These estimates and projections are based upon various assumptions, which may be affected by numerous factors, including future economic conditions in California and the United States, and there can be no assurance that the estimates will be achieved. There can be no assurances that the State will not face fiscal stress and cash pressures again, or that other changes in the State or national economics or in State of federal policies will not materially adversely affect the States financial condition.
Proposed Fiscal Year 2020-21 Budget
Governor Newsom presented his proposed fiscal year 2020-21 budget on January 10, 2020 (the Proposed 2020 Budget). The Proposed 2020 Budget estimates that the State will end fiscal year 2020-21 with $20.5 billion in total reserves and will have an estimated $6 billion allocable surplus for the 2020-21 budget process. The Proposed 2020 Budget reflects the principle that maintain a balanced budget and strong budget resiliency is non-negotiable and a necessary predicate for expanding programs, especially with the growing risks facing the state.
The Proposed 2020 Budget estimates total General Fund revenues and transfers to be $151.6 billion for fiscal year 2020-21. As in most years, the vast majority of the States General Fund revenues and transfers are from personal income tax, and to a lesser extent, sales and use and corporation taxes. The Proposed 2020 Budget estimates expenditures to be $153.1 billion for fiscal year 2020-21. The biggest expenditures from the General Fund are in K-12 education programs ($59.6 billion), health and human services ($47.5 billion) and higher education ($17.5 billion).
The Governor proposes that the State would end fiscal year 2020-21 with $20.5 billion in total reserves, comprised of $18 billion for the rainy day fund, $1.6 billion in the Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (SFEU) and $900 million in the safety net reserve. While the States reserves have increased, managing a recession can be challenging, as the current level of reserves is not sufficient to fully cover the costs of a moderate or severe recession. If the State experiences a recession, the State would need to take many billions of dollars in actions over a multiyear period to bring the budget back into balance.
The LAO estimates that the State will have a $6 billion surplus to allocate in the 2020-21 budget process. From this amount, the Proposed 2020 Budget allocates $2.6 billion to one-time or temporary programmatic spending, $1.6 billion to maintain the SFEU, $1.6 billion to ongoing spending and $300 million in other spending.
Despite its positive near-term picture, the LAO notes that the Proposed 2020 Budgets multi-year outlook is subject to considerable uncertainty. In particular, the States fiscal situation in the coming years is sensitive to federal decisions around healthcare financing and there are several signals that the economy could be cooling. Either of these could weaken the budgets condition by billions of dollars. Furthermore, it is risky to eliminate the States operating surplus, which is another key tool to insulate the budget from shortfalls.
Fiscal Year 2019-20 Budget
Governor Newsom signed the fiscal year 2019-20 budget on June 27, 2019 (the 2019 Budget). The 2019 Budget proposed a multi-year plan for the State to pay down debts and liabilities, increase the balance of the
A-8
rainy day fund, invest in education, health care, housing and homelessness prevention and maintain a balanced budget through fiscal year 2022-23. The 2019 Budget prioritized one-time investments, with 88 percent of new expenditures being temporary rather than ongoing.
Under revised estimates, the State estimates that total General Fund revenues and transfers to be $146.5 billion for fiscal year 2019-20, an increase of approximately $7.1 billion compared to the prior fiscal year. Under the revised estimates, the State estimates that General Fund expenditures will be $149.8 billion for fiscal year 2019-20, an increase from $7.9 billion compared to the prior fiscal year. Under revised estimates, the State estimates that it will end fiscal year 2019-20 with $20 billion in total reserves, an increase of $1.7 billion from the projection in the enacted 2019-20 budget.
The State continued to have hundreds of billions of dollars in liabilities for deferred maintenance on its aging infrastructure and for retiree health care benefits for State employees and various pension benefits. These retirement liabilities have continued to grow due to poor investment returns and changes in investment returns. Without additional action, paying off retirement liabilities would require an increasing portion of the State budget. The 2019 Budget proposed an extra payment of $9 billion over the next four years to pay down unfunded pension liabilities and included $4.5 billion to eliminate the wall of debt.
Municipal Bankruptcies
Municipalities in California may declare bankruptcy, which increases the risk of default on municipal bonds. According to the LAO, except for K-12 education, the State does not have a significant role in monitoring the fiscal health of localities. Instead, the responsibility for reviewing local government fiscal conditions rests with local communities.
California provides its local governments with broad authority to file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, but generally requires cities, counties and special districts to engage in a neutral evaluation process prior to filing for Chapter 9 relief. When a local government files for Chapter 9, the locality receives an automatic stay that stops the collection activity by creditors and protects the locality from litigation. A court must determine if the locality is eligible for Chapter 9 protection, and, if so, the locality must develop a plan of adjustment. Creditors and the court must approve the plan adjustment. Once the court approves the plan of adjustment, it creates a new contractual agreement between the locality and its creditors. The Chapter 9 process can take several years to be resolved.
California municipalities have previously filed for bankruptcy and continue to be at risk for Chapter 9 bankruptcy as retirement liabilities increase at the local level. The use of Chapter 9 bankruptcy filings by local governments could have an impact on creditors and parties with whom they contract, including bondholders. In addition, bankruptcies at the local level could impact the States overall fiscal outlook.
Ratings
The States fiscal situation increases the risk of investing in California municipal securities, including the risk of potential issuer default, and also heightens the risk that the prices of California municipal securities, and the Funds net asset value, will experience greater volatility.
Fitch, S&P, and Moodys assign ratings to Californias long-term general obligation bonds, which represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal bonds they rate. The ratings are general and not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal bonds with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations with the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yields. In 2009 and 2010, Californias general obligation bond ratings were significantly downgraded by Moodys (to Baa1), S&P (to A-), and Fitch (to BBB). The States credit ratings had not been that low since 2003 and 2004. Since 2010, the credit ratings have been increasing, though the State has one of the lowest bond ratings
A-9
of any state. In July 2015, S&P raised the States general obligation credit rating to AA-, the States highest rating from S&P since 2000; in August 2019, Fitch raised the States general obligation credit rating to AA-; and Moodys raised the rating to Aa2 in October 2019.
There can be no assurance that such ratings will be maintained in the future. The States credit rating, and any future revisions or withdrawal of a credit rating, could have a negative effect on the market price of the States general obligation bonds, as well as notes and bonds issued by Californias public authorities and local governments. Lower credit ratings make it more expensive for the State to raise revenue, and in some cases, could prevent the State from issuing general obligation bonds in the quantity otherwise desired. Further, downgrades can negatively impact the marketability and price of securities in the Funds portfolio.
California Indebtedness and Other Obligations
Californias Treasurer is responsible for the sale of debt obligations of the State and its various authorities and agencies. The State has always paid when due the principal of and interest on its general obligation bonds, general obligation commercial paper notes, lease-revenue obligations and short-term obligations.
As of July 1, 2019, the State had approximately $81.4 billion of outstanding general obligation bonds and lease revenue bonds payable principally from the General Fund or from lease payments paid from the operating budget of the respective lessees, which operating budgets are primarily, but not exclusively, derived from the General Fund. As of July 1, 2019, there were approximately $35.5 billion of authorized and unissued long-term voter-approved general obligation bonds, which when issued will be payable principally from the General Fund and approximately $7.6 billion for authorized but unissued lease-revenue bonds.
Current State debt obligations include:
General Obligation Bonds. Californias Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of California unless a bond measure is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at a general election or direct primary. Each general obligation bond act provides a continuing appropriation from the General Fund of amounts for the payment of debt service on the related general obligation bonds, subject under State law only to the prior application of moneys in the General Fund to the support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. Under Californias Constitution, the appropriation to pay debt service on the general obligation bonds cannot be repealed until the principal and interest on the bonds have been paid. Certain general obligation bond programs, called self-liquidating bonds, receive revenues from specified sources so that moneys from the General Fund are not expected to pay debt service, but the General Fund will pay the debt service if the specified revenue source is not sufficient. The principal self-liquidating general obligation bond program is the veteran general obligation bonds, supported by mortgage repayments from housing loans made to military veterans. General obligation bonds are typically authorized for infrastructure and other capital improvements at the State and local level. Pursuant to the State Constitution, general obligation bonds cannot be used to finance State budget deficits.
As of July 1, 2019, the State had authorized and outstanding approximately $73.5 billion aggregate principal amount of long-term general obligation bonds, of which approximately $72.7 billion were payable primarily from the States General Fund, and approximately $841.3 million were self-liquidating bonds payable first from other special revenue funds. As of July 1, 2019, there were unused voter authorizations for the future issuance of approximately $36.6 billion long-term general obligation bonds, some of which may first be issued as commercial paper notes. Of this unissued amount, approximately $35.5 billion were payable primarily from the General Fund, and approximately $1.1 billion were self-liquidating bonds payable first from other special revenue funds.
Variable Rate General Obligations Bonds. The general obligation bond law permits the State to issue as variable rate indebtedness up to 20 percent of the aggregate amount of long-term general obligation bonds outstanding.
A-10
As of July 1, 2019, the State had outstanding approximately $3.8 billion principal amount of variable rate general obligation bonds, representing about 5.2 percent of the States total outstanding general obligation bonds. If the approximately $1.7 billion of variable rate general obligation bonds having mandatory tender dates cannot be remarketed or refunded on or prior to their respective scheduled mandatory tender dates, there is no default but the interest rate on the bonds not remarketed or refunded on or prior to such date would be increased, in most cases in installments, on or after the applicable scheduled mandatory tender date subject to a maximum interest rate for such bonds that may be less than the statutory maximum interest rate for the bonds, until such bonds can be remarketed or refunded or are paid at maturity. The State is obligated to redeem, on the applicable purchase date, any weekly and daily variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs) tendered for purchase if there is a failure to pay the related purchase price of such VRDOs on such purchase date from proceeds of the remarketing thereof, or from liquidity support related to such VRDOs. The State has not entered into any interest rate hedging contracts in relation to any of its variable rate general obligation bonds.
General Obligation Commercial Paper Program. Pursuant to legislation enacted in 1995, voter-approved general obligation indebtedness may be issued either as long-term bonds or, for some but not all bond acts, as commercial paper notes. Commercial paper notes may be renewed or refunded by the issuance of long-term bonds. The State uses commercial paper notes to provide flexibility for bond programs, such as to provide interim funding of voter-approved projects and to facilitate refunding of variable rate bonds into fixed rate bonds. Commercial paper notes are not included in the calculation of permitted variable rate indebtedness described above under Variable Rate General Obligation Bonds and are not included in the figures provided above under General Obligation Bonds. As of July 1, 2019, a total of $2.3 billion in principal amount of commercial paper notes is authorized under agreements with various banks.
Bank Arrangements. In connection with VRDOs and the commercial paper program (CP), the State has entered into a number of reimbursement agreements or other credit agreements with a variety of financial institutions. These agreements include various representations and covenants of the State, and the terms by which the State would be required to pay or repay any obligations thereunder. To the extent that VRDOs or CP offered to the public cannot be remarketed over an extended period (whether due to downgrades of the credit ratings of the institution providing credit enhancement or other factors) and the applicable financial institution is obligated to purchase VRDOs or CP, interest payable by the State pursuant to the reimbursement agreement or credit agreement would generally increase over current market levels relating to the VRDOs or CP, and, with respect to VRDOs, the principal repayment period would generally be shorter than the period otherwise applicable to the VRDOs. In addition, after the occurrence of certain events of default as specified in a credit agreement, payment of the related VRDOs may be further accelerated and payment of related CP, as applicable, may also be accelerated and interest payable by the State on such VRDOs or CP could increase significantly.
Lease-Revenue Obligations. The State builds and acquires facilities through the issuance of lease-revenue obligations, in addition to general obligation bonds. Such borrowing must be authorized by the Legislature in a separate act or appropriation. Under these arrangements, the State Public Works Board (SPWB), another State or local agency or a joint powers authority uses proceeds of bonds to pay for the acquisition or construction of facilities, such as office buildings, university buildings, courthouses or correctional institutions. These facilities are leased to State agencies, the California State University or the Judicial Council under a long-term lease that provides the source of revenues that are pledged to the payment of the debt service on the lease-revenue bonds. Under applicable court decisions, such lease arrangements do not constitute the creation of indebtedness within the meaning of State Constitutional provisions that require voter approval. As of July 1, 2019, the State had lease revenue obligations of approximately $8.7 billion for supported issues outstanding from the General Fund and approximately $7.6 billion for authorized but unissued bonds.
Non-Recourse Debt. Certain State agencies and authorities issue revenue obligations for which the General Fund has no liability. These revenue bonds represent obligations payable from the States revenue-producing enterprises and projects (e.g., among other revenue sources, taxes, fees and/or tolls) and conduit obligations payable from revenues paid by private users or local governments of facilities financed by the revenue bonds. In each case, such revenue bonds are not payable from the General Fund. The enterprises and projects include transportation projects, various public works projects, public and private educational facilities,
A-11
housing, health facilities and pollution control facilities. State agencies and authorities had approximately $66.5 billion aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds and notes which are non-recourse to the General Fund outstanding as of June 30, 2019.
Build America Bonds. In February 2009, the U.S. Congress enacted certain new municipal bond provisions as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which allows municipal issuers such as the State to issue Build America Bonds (BABs) for new infrastructure investments. BABs are bonds whose interest is subject to federal income tax, but the U.S. Treasury will repay to the State an amount equal to 35 percent of the interest cost on any BABs issued during 2009 and 2010. The BAB subsidy payments from general obligation bonds are General Fund revenues to the State, while subsidy payments for lease-revenue bonds are deposited into a fund which is made available to the SPWB for any lawful purpose. In neither instance are the subsidy payments specifically pledged to repayment of the BABs to which they relate. The cash subsidy payment with respect to the BABs, to which the State is entitled, is treated by the Internal Revenue Service as a refund of a tax credit and such refund may be offset by the Department of Treasury by any liability of the State payable to the federal government. None of the States BAB subsidy payments to date have been reduced because of such an offset.
Between April 2009 and December 2010, the State issued approximately $13.5 billion of BAB general obligation bonds and the SPWB issued $551 million of BAB lease-revenue bonds (of which $150 million have been redeemed). The aggregate amount of the subsidy payments expected to be received for fiscal year 2019-20 through the maturity of these bonds (mostly 20 to 30 years from issuance) based on the 35 percent subsidy rate is approximately $6.2 billion for the general obligation BABs and $151.6 million for the SPWB lease-revenue BABs.
Pursuant to federal budget legislation, beginning on March 1, 2013, the federal governments BAB subsidy payments were reduced as part of a sequestration of many program expenditures. The amount of the reduction of the BAB subsidy payment has been less than $30 million annually and is presently scheduled to continue until 2025, although U.S. Congress can terminate or modify it sooner, or extend it. None of the BAB subsidy payments are pledged to pay debt service for the general obligation and SPWB BABs, so this reduction will not affect the States ability to pay its debt service on time, nor have any material impact on the General Fund.
Future Issuance Plans. Based on estimates from the Department of Finance, as well as updates from the State Treasurers Office, approximately $4.6 billion of new money general obligation bonds (some of which may initially be in the form of commercial paper notes) and approximately $722.9 million of lease-revenue bonds are expected to be issued in fiscal year 2019-20. These estimates will be updated by the State Treasurers Office based on information provided by the Department of Finance with respect to the updated funding needs of, and actual spending by, departments. In addition, the actual amount of bonds sold will depend on other factors such as overall budget constraints, market conditions and other considerations. The State also expects to issue refunding bonds as market conditions warrant.
The ratio of debt service on general obligation and lease-revenue bonds supported by the General Fund, to annual General Fund revenues and transfers (the General Fund Debt Ratio), can fluctuate as assumptions for future debt issuance and revenue projections are updated from time to time. Any changes to these assumptions will impact the projected General Fund Debt Ratio. Based on the General Fund revenue estimates less transfers to the BSA contained in the 2019 Budget and bond issuance estimates referred to in the preceding paragraph, the General Fund Debt Ratio is estimated to equal approximately 5.6 percent in fiscal year 2019-20 and 5.5 percent in fiscal year 2020-21.
The General Fund Debt Ratio is calculated based on the amount of debt service expected to be paid, without adjusting for receipts from the U.S. Treasury for the States current outstanding general obligation and lease-revenue BABs or the availability of any special funds that may be used to pay a portion of the debt service to help reduce General Fund costs. The total of these offsets is estimated at approximately $2 billion for fiscal year 2019-20 and $2.1 billion for fiscal year 2020-21. Including the estimated offsets reduces the General Fund Debt
A-12
Ratio to 4.2 percent in fiscal year 2019-20 and 4.1 percent in fiscal year 2020-21. The actual General Fund Debt Ratio in future fiscal years will depend on a variety of factors, including actual debt issuance (which may include additional issuance approved in the future by the Legislature and, for general obligation bonds, the voters), actual interest rates, debt service structure, and actual General Fund revenues and transfers.
Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. In 1998, the State signed a settlement agreement (the MSA) with four major cigarette manufacturers (the participating manufacturers). Under the MSA, the participating manufacturers agreed to make payments to the State in perpetuity. Under a separate Memorandum of Understanding, half of the payments made by the cigarette manufacturers will be paid to the State and half to local governments, subject to certain adjustments.
In 2002, the State established a special purpose trust to purchase tobacco assets and to issue revenue bonds secured by the tobacco settlement revenues. Legislation in 2003 authorized a credit enhancement mechanism that requires the Governor to request an appropriation from the General Fund in the annual Budget Act to pay debt service and other related costs in the event tobacco settlement revenues and certain other amounts are insufficient. The Legislature is not obligated to make any General Fund appropriation so requested.
The credit enhancement mechanism only applies to certain tobacco settlement bonds that were issued in 2005, 2013, 2015 and 2018 with an outstanding principal amount of approximately $2 billion (the Enhanced Bonds). The Enhanced Bonds are neither general nor legal obligations of the State or any of its political subdivisions and neither the faith and credit nor the taxing power nor any other assets or revenues of the State or any of its political subdivisions shall be pledged to the payment of the Enhanced Bonds. However, as described above, the State committed to request the Legislature for a General Fund appropriation in the event there are insufficient tobacco settlement revenues to pay debt service with respect to the Enhanced Bonds, and certain other available amounts, including the reserve fund for the Enhanced Bonds, are depleted. Every enacted budget since 2003 has included this appropriation, but use of the appropriated moneys has never been required.
Draws on the reserve fund for the Enhanced Bonds in the amount of approximately $7.9 million were used to make required debt service payments on the 2005 bonds in 2011 and 2012. In April 2013, the reserve fund was replenished in full from tobacco revenues. As of July 1, 2019, the balance of the reserve fund for the Enhanced Bonds was $147.4 million. If, in any future year, the tobacco settlement revenues are less than the required debt service payments on the Enhanced Bonds in such year, additional draws on the reserve fund will be required and at some point in the future the reserve fund may become fully depleted. The State is not obligated to replenish the reserve fund from the General Fund, or to request an appropriation to replenish the reserve fund.
Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Guarantees. The Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development of the State of California (OSHPD) insures loans and bond issues for the financing and refinancing of construction and renovation projects for nonprofit and publically-owned healthcare facilities. This program is currently authorized by statute to insure up to $3 billion for health facility projects.
State law established the Health Facility Construction Loan Insurance Fund (the Construction Fund) as a trust fund which is continuously appropriated and may only be used for purposes of this program. The Construction Fund is used as a depository of fees and insurance premiums and any recoveries and is the initial source of funds used to pay administrative costs of the program and shortfalls resulting from defaults by insured borrowers. If the Construction Fund is unable to make payment on an insured loan or bond, State law provides for the State Treasurer to issue debentures to the holders of the defaulted loan or bond which are payable on parity with State general obligation bonds. The Construction Fund is liable for repayment to the General Fund of any money paid from the General Fund. All claims on insured loans to date have been paid from the Construction Fund and no debentures have been issued.
As of June 30, 2019, OSHPD insured 83 loans to nonprofit or publicly owned health facilities throughout California for approximately $1.8 billion, and a cash balance of approximately $169 million. The actuarial study of the Construction Fund as of June 30, 2016, was completed in August 2018 (the 2016 actuarial study). Based
A-13
upon a number of assumptions, the 2016 actuarial study concluded, among other things, that the Construction Fund appeared to be sufficient under the expected scenario to maintain a positive balance until at least fiscal year 2045-46. Even under the most pessimistic scenario, the 2016 actuarial study found that there was a 70 percent likelihood that the Construction Funds reserves as of June 30, 2016 would protect against any General Fund losses until at least fiscal year 2026-27, and a 90 percent likelihood that the Construction Funds reserves as of June 30, 2016 would protect against any General Fund losses until at least fiscal year 2021-22. There can be no assurances that the financial condition of the Construction Fund has not materially declined since the 2016 actuarial study.
In December 2016, OSHPD, the Department of Finance, and the State Treasurer entered into a memorandum of understanding that outlined the processes for the (i) issuance of debentures; (ii) payment of debentures from the General Fund should the Construction Fund fail to pay the debentures; and (iii) repayment to the General Fund for any money paid for debentures.
Cash Flow Borrowings. The majority of General Fund receipts are received in the latter part of the fiscal year. Disbursements from the General Fund occur more evenly throughout the fiscal year. The States cash management program customarily addresses this timing difference by making use of internal borrowing and by issuing short-term notes in the capital markets when necessary.
Internal Borrowing. The General Fund is currently authorized by law to borrow for cash management purposes from more than 700 of the States approximately 1,300 other funds in the State Treasury (the Special Funds). Total borrowing from Special Funds must be approved quarterly by the Pooled Money Investment Board (PMIB). The State Controller submits an authorization request to the PMIB quarterly, based on forecasted available funds and borrowing needs. The Legislature may from time to time adopt legislation establishing additional authority to borrow from Special Funds. As of the 2019 Budget, the General Fund is projected to have up to approximately $31 billion of internal funds (excluding the BSA, the SFEU and the Budget Deficit Savings Account) available to borrow during fiscal year 2019-20. One fund from which moneys may be borrowed to provide additional cash resources to the General Fund is the BSA, which increased to $11.2 billion in September 2018 and is expected to increase to $16.5 billion at the end of fiscal year 2019-20. The State also may transfer funds into the General Fund from the SFEU, which is not a special fund.
External Borrowing. External borrowing is typically done with revenue anticipation notes (RANs) that are payable not later than the last day of the fiscal year in which they are issued. Prior to fiscal year 2015-16, RANs had been issued in all but one fiscal year since the mid-1980s and have always been paid at maturity. No RANs were issued in fiscal years 2015-16 through 2018-19 or are planned to be issued in fiscal year 2019-20. The State also is authorized under certain circumstances to issue revenue anticipation warrants (RAWs) that are payable in the succeeding fiscal year. The State issued RAWs to bridge short-term cash management shortages in the early 1990s and early 2000s.
RANs and RAWs are both payable from any Unapplied Money in the General Fund on their maturity date, subject to the prior application of such money in the General Fund to pay Priority Payments. Priority Payments consists of: (i) the setting apart of State revenues in support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education (as provided in Section 8 of Article XVI of the State Constitution); (ii) payment of the principal of and interest on general obligation bonds and general obligation commercial paper notes of the State as and when due; (iii) a contingent obligation for General Fund payments to local governments for certain costs for realigned public safety programs if not provided from a share of State sales and use taxes, as provided in Article XIII, Section 36 of the State Constitution, enacted by Proposition 30; (iv) reimbursement from the General Fund to any special fund or account to the extent such reimbursement is legally required to be made to repay borrowings therefrom pursuant to California Government Code Sections 16310 or 16418; and (v) payment of State employees wages and benefits, required State payments to pension and other State employee benefit trust funds, State Medi-Cal claims, lease payments to support lease-revenue bonds, and any amounts determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be required by federal law or the State Constitution to be paid with State warrants that can be cashed immediately.
A-14
The State entered fiscal year 2018-19 with a General Fund positive cash balance of $5.5 billion as of June 30, 2018. The States cash flow for fiscal year 2018-19 indicated that internal resources would be sufficient and available to meet the normal peaks and valleys of the States cash needs, while maintaining a cushion at all times of at least $2.5 billion. Accordingly, the State did not issue any RANs in fiscal year 2018-19, the fourth consecutive year in which external borrowing was not required.
The States cash position was strong entering fiscal year 2019-20, as the General Fund ended the previous year with a positive cash balance of $5.4 billion. Cash flow projections for the balance of the fiscal year show no plan for a RAN borrowing to manage cash requirements, with an estimated cash cushion of unused internal borrowable resources of at least $29 billion at the end of each month.
State fiscal officers constantly monitor the States cash position and if it appears that cash resources may become inadequate (including the maintenance of a projected cash reserve of at least $2.5 billion at any time), they will consider the use of other cash management techniques, including seeking additional legislation.
Retirement Liabilities. The two main State pension funds, CalPERS and CalSTRS, each face unfunded future liabilities in the tens of billions of dollars, which will likely result in increased State contributions. The State also has significant unfunded liabilities with respect to other post-employment benefits.
If the State does not take action concerning these liabilities, the extra costs needed to retire these unfunded liabilities over the next few decades will likely increase dramatically. Lower than expected investment returns have been a primary reason for the growth of unfunded pension liabilities in the last decade. There has also been benefit increases that are implemented retroactively, and demographic and pay changes among employees and retirees. In addition, the State has very little flexibility under case law to alter benefit and funding arrangements for current employees. Generally, pension benefit packages, once promised to an employee, cannot be reduced, either retrospectively or prospectively. There can be no assurance that the States annual required contributions to CalPERS and CalSTRS will not significantly increase in the future. Recent legislation with respect to both CalPERS and CalSTRS and changes in actuarial assumptions and funding methodologies are expected to result in significant annual increases in the amount the State is required to pay from the General Fund for the foreseeable future. The actual amount of any increase will depend on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, investment returns, actuarial assumptions, experience and retirement benefit adjustments. In addition, governments typically do not pre-fund their retiree health liabilities. This means that future taxpayers may bear a larger cost burden for these benefits. Unlike pensions, there are no investment returns under this type of funding structure to cover a large portion of benefit costs.
Health Care Reform. Californias implementation of the Affordable Care Act included the mandatory and optional Medi-Cal expansions. The mandatory Medi-Cal expansion simplified eligibility, enrollment, and retention rules that make it easier to get and stay on Medi-Cal. The optional expansion of Medi-Cal extended eligibility to adults without children, and to parent and caretaker relatives with incomes up to 138 percent of the federal poverty level.
The 2019 Budget estimates that in fiscal year 2019-20, approximately 3.8 million Californians will have health insurance through the optional expansion of Medi-Cal, and 1.4 million through the States insurance exchange. The 2019 Budget includes costs of $20 billion ($2.2 billion from the General Fund) in fiscal year 2019-20 for the optional expansion. The federal government paid nearly 100 percent of the costs of this expansion for fiscal years 2013-14 through 2015-16. As of January 1, 2019, California is responsible for 6 percent of these costs, with Californias contribution gradually increasing each fiscal year until fiscal year 2020-21, when the State will pay 10 percent of the total costs. By fiscal year 2020-21, the General Fund share for the optional expansion is projected to be $2.6 billion.
The 2019 Budget does not include the extension of the Managed Care Organization (MCO) tax in fiscal year 2019-20. Federal Medicaid regulations allow states to impose certain health care-related taxes on plans or providers as long as certain conditions are met. The revenue from these taxes serve as the non-federal share of
A-15
spending for health care services in a states Medicaid program, which allows the state to draw down additional federal funding and reduce General Fund expenditures. Effective July 1, 2016, a tax on the enrollment of Medi-Cal managed care plans and commercial health plans is authorized until June 30, 2019. The 2019 Budget assumes net savings of $1.4 billion in fiscal year 2018-19 and $582 million in fiscal year 2019-20 from the MCO tax. (The fiscal year 2019-20 savings are due to a one-quarter lag resulting from Medi-Cals cash basis budgeting).
The 2019 Budget includes a statewide requirement for California residents to obtain comprehensive health care coverage or pay a penalty consistent with the federal penalties originally outlined under the Affordable Care Act beginning January 1, 2020. The 2019 Budget provides advanced premium assistance subsidies to individuals with household incomes below 138 percent and between 200 and 600 percent of the federal poverty level beginning January 1, 2020. Funding for subsidies is not contingent on penalty revenues and is budgeted to exceed penalty revenues. The appropriation for the subsidy program in the 2019 Budget is made available for coverage year 2020 (beginning January 1, 2020 and ending December 31, 2020) and a similar methodology is intended to be used for future years. The 2019 Budget provides a process by which the Department of Finance may augment the appropriation to pay all subsidies provided for in the annual program design for each coverage year. The program is not an entitlement and is set to sunset on January 1, 2023.
Litigation
The State is a party to numerous legal proceedings, many of which normally occur in governmental operations. In addition, the State is involved in certain other legal proceedings (described in Californias recent financial statements) that, if decided against the State might require the State to make significant future expenditures or substantially impair future revenue sources. Because of the prospective nature of these proceedings, it is not presently possible to predict the outcome of such litigation, estimate the potential impact on the ability of the State to pay debt service costs on its obligations, or determine what impact, if any, such proceedings may have on the Fund.
A-16
4.1 Million Shares
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund
Common Shares
PROSPECTUS
[ ], 2020
EPR-NKX-0320
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA AMT-FREE QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dated [ ], 2020
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). The Fund was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on July 29, 2002.
This Statement of Additional Information (the SAI) relating to common shares of the Fund (Common Shares) does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the prospectus relating thereto dated [ ], 2020 (the Prospectus). This SAI does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Common Shares. Investors should obtain and read the Prospectus prior to purchasing such shares. In addition, the Funds financial statements and the independent registered public accounting firms report therein included in the Funds annual report dated February 28, 2019, are incorporated herein by reference. The information with respect to the six months ended August 31, 2019 is unaudited and is included in the Funds 2019 Semi-Annual Report, which also is incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 257-8787. You may also obtain a copy of the Prospectus on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions (the SEC) web site (http://www.sec.gov). Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
1 | ||||
1 | ||||
4 | ||||
23 | ||||
41 | ||||
43 | ||||
46 | ||||
46 | ||||
46 | ||||
48 | ||||
48 | ||||
49 | ||||
50 | ||||
52 | ||||
54 | ||||
55 | ||||
57 | ||||
63 | ||||
63 | ||||
63 | ||||
63 | ||||
64 | ||||
A-1 | ||||
B-1 |
-i-
The net proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares hereunder will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as stated below. Pending investment, the timing of which may vary depending on the size of the investment but in no case is expected to exceed 30 days, it is anticipated that the proceeds will be invested in short-term or long-term securities issued by the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities or in high quality, short-term money market instruments.
Except as described below, the Fund, as a fundamental policy, may not, without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and preferred shares, including the Funds outstanding Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (referred to herein as VRDP Shares) and its outstanding MuniFund Preferred Shares (referred to herein as MFP Shares) (collectively, Preferred Shares), voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares voting as a separate class:
(1) Issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act, other than Preferred Shares, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and except to the extent such issuance might be involved with respect to borrowings described under subparagraph (2) below;1
(2) Borrow money, except from banks for temporary or emergency purposes or for repurchase of its shares, and then only in an amount not exceeding one-third of the value of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed) less the Funds liabilities (other than borrowings);1,2
(3) Act as underwriter of another issuers securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities;
(4) Invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities of issuers in any one industry; provided, however, that such limitation shall not apply to municipal bonds other than those municipal bonds backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental users;3
(5) Purchase or sell real estate, but this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in municipal bonds secured by real estate or interests therein or foreclosing upon and selling such security;
(6) Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options, futures contracts, derivative instruments or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities);
(7) Make loans, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, and exemptive orders granted under the 1940 Act; and;4
1 |
Section 18(c) of the 1940 Act generally limits a registered closed-end investment company to issuing one class of senior securities representing indebtedness and one class of senior securities representing stock, except that the class of indebtedness or stock may be issued in one or more series, and promissory notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in consideration of any loan, extension, or renewal thereof, made by a bank or other person and privately arranged, and not intended to be publicly distributed, are not deemed a separate class of senior securities. |
2 |
Section 18(a) of the 1940 Act generally prohibits a registered closed-end fund from incurring borrowings if, immediately thereafter, the aggregate amount of its borrowings exceeds 331/3% of its total assets. |
3 |
For purposes of this restriction, governments and their political subdivisions are not members of any industry. |
4 |
Section 21 of the 1940 Act makes it unlawful for a registered investment company, like the Fund, to lend money or other property if (i) the investment companys policies set forth in its registration statement do not permit such a loan or (ii) the borrower controls or is under common control with the investment company. The Fund has not applied for, and currently does not intend to apply for, any exemptive relief that would allow it to make loans outside of the limits of the 1940 Act. |
1
(8) Purchase any securities (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States Government or by its agencies or instrumentalities), if as a result more than 5% of the Funds total assets would then be invested in securities of a single issuer or if as a result the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer; provided that, with respect to 50% of the Funds assets, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in the securities of any one issuer.
For purposes of the foregoing, majority of the outstanding, when used with respect to particular shares of the Fund, means (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares, whichever is less.
For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (1) above, the Fund may not issue senior securities not permitted by the 1940 Act simply by describing such securities in the Prospectus.
For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (4) above, such limitation will apply to tax-exempt municipal securities if the payment of principal and interest for such securities is derived principally from a specific project associated with an issuer that is not a governmental entity or a political subdivision of a government, and in that situation the Fund will consider such municipal securities to be in an industry associated with the project.
For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (8) above, an issuer shall be deemed the sole issuer of a security when its assets and revenues are separate from other governmental entities and its securities are backed only by its assets and revenues. Similarly, in the case of a non-governmental issuer, such as an industrial corporation or a privately owned or operated hospital, if the security is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental issuer, then such non-governmental issuer would be deemed to be the sole issuer. Where a security is also backed by the enforceable obligation of a superior or unrelated governmental or other entity (other than a bond insurer), it shall also be included in the computation of securities owned that are issued by such governmental or other entity. Where a security is guaranteed by a governmental entity or some other facility, such as a bank guarantee or letter of credit, such a guarantee or letter of credit would be considered a separate security and would be treated as an issue of such government, other entity or bank. When a municipal bond is insured by bond insurance, it shall not be considered a security that is issued or guaranteed by the insurer; instead, the issuer of such municipal bond will be determined in accordance with the principles set forth above. The foregoing restrictions do not limit the percentage of the Funds assets that may be invested in municipal securities insured by any given insurer.
The Fund is diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act. Consequently, as to 75% of the Funds total assets, the Fund may not (1) purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than cash, securities of other investment companies and securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities) if immediately after such purchase, more than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets would be invested in securities of such issuer or (2) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.
Subject to certain exemptions, under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest only up to 10% of its total assets in the aggregate in shares of other investment companies and only up to 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, provided the investment does not represent more than 3% of the voting stock of the acquired investment company at the time such shares are purchased. As a shareholder of any investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses, and will remain subject to payment of the Funds management, advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested. Holders of Common Shares (Common Shareholders) would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to leverage risks. The Fund will consider the investments of underlying investment companies when determining compliance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act. Moreover, the Fund will consider the investments of underlying investment companies when determining compliance with its own concentration policy, to the extent the Fund has sufficient information about such investments.
2
In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies, which may be changed by the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board). The Fund may not:
(1) Sell securities short, unless the Fund owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold, at no added cost, and provided that transactions in options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, or other derivative instruments are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.
(2) Invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities of other open- or closed- end investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (ETFs)), except in compliance with the 1940 Act and any exemptive relief obtained thereunder.
(3) Enter into futures contracts or related options or forward contracts, if more than 30% of the Funds net assets (total assets less liabilities) would be represented by futures contracts or more than 5% of the Funds net assets would be committed to initial margin deposits and premiums on futures contracts and related options.
(4) Purchase securities when borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets if and so long as Preferred Shares are outstanding.
(5) Purchase securities of companies for the purpose of exercising control, except that the Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in tax-exempt or taxable fixed-income securities or equity securities for the purpose of acquiring control of an issuer whose municipal bonds (a) the Fund already owns and (b) have deteriorated or are expected shortly to deteriorate significantly in credit quality, provided the Funds sub-adviser, Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management) determines that such investment should enable the Fund to better maximize the value of its existing investment in such issuer.
The restrictions and other limitations set forth above will apply only at the time of purchase of securities and will not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an acquisition of securities.
The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions imposed by either guidelines of one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) that may issue ratings for Preferred Shares, or, if issued, commercial paper or notes, or, if the Fund borrows from a lender, by the lender. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. If these restrictions were to apply, it is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines would impede the Funds investment adviser, Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (Nuveen Fund Advisors or the Adviser), from managing the Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies.
At least six months prior to the scheduled redemption of all of the Funds outstanding Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (referred to herein as VRDP Shares) in 2040, the Fund will maintain segregated assets rated at least investment grade (and including deposit securities, including, but not limited to, cash or cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, highly rated municipal obligations or money market funds, in an amount equal to 20% of segregated assets, with 135 days remaining to the redemption date, increasing to 100% with 15 days remaining) with a market value equal to at least 110% of the liquidation preference of all outstanding VRDP Shares until the redemption of all such outstanding VRDP Shares.
At least six months prior to the scheduled redemption of all outstanding MFP Shares in 2047, the Fund will earmark assets rated at least A- or the equivalent (and including deposit securities, including, but not limited to, cash or cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, highly rated municipal obligations or money market funds, in an amount equal to 20% of segregated assets, with 135 days remaining to the redemption date, increasing to 100% with 15 days remaining) with a market value equal to at least 110% of all outstanding MFP Shares until the redemption of all such outstanding MFP Shares.
3
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES
The following information supplements the discussion of the Funds investment objectives, policies, and techniques that are described in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY AND PROCESS
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the unique tax treatment of municipal securities and the structural characteristics in the municipal securities market create attractive opportunities to enhance the after-tax total return and diversification of the investment portfolios of taxable investors. Nuveen Asset Management believes that these unique characteristics also present unique risks that may be managed to realize the benefits of the asset class.
After-Tax Income Potential: The primary source of total return from municipal securities comes from the tax-exempt income derived therefrom. Nuveen Asset Management believes that, at acceptable levels of credit risk and maturity principal risk, the municipal securities market offers the potential for higher after-tax income when compared with other fixed income markets.
Managing Multi-Faceted Risks: Risk in the municipal securities market is derived from multiple sources, including credit risk at the issuer and sector levels, structural risks such as call risk, yield curve risk, and legislative and tax-related risks. Nuveen Asset Management believes that managing these risks at both the individual security and Fund portfolio levels is an important element of realizing the after-tax income and total return potential of the asset class.
Opportunities to Identify Underrated and Undervalued Municipal Securities. Within the state and national municipal securities markets, there are issuers with a wide array of financing purposes, security terms, offering structures and credit quality. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the size, depth and other characteristics of the state and national municipal securities markets offer a broad opportunity set of individual issuers in securities that may be underrated and undervalued relative to the general market.
Market Inefficiencies: Nuveen Asset Management believes that the scale and intricacy of the municipal securities market often results in pricing anomalies and other inefficiencies that can be identified and capitalized on through trading strategies.
INVESTMENT PROCESS. Nuveen Asset Management believes that a bottom-up, value-oriented investment strategy that seeks to identify underrated and undervalued securities and sectors is positioned to capture the opportunities inherent in the municipal securities market and potentially outperform the general municipal securities market over time. The primary elements of Nuveen Asset Managements investment process are:
Credit Analysis and Surveillance: Nuveen Asset Management focuses on bottom-up, fundamental analysis of municipal securities issuers. Analysts screen each sector for issuers that meet the fundamental tests of creditworthiness and favor those securities with demonstrable growth potential, solid coverage of debt service and a priority lien on hard assets, dedicated revenue streams or tax resources. As part of Nuveen Asset Managements overall risk management process, analysts actively monitor the credit quality of portfolio holdings.
Sector Analysis: Organized by sector, analysts continually assess the key issues and trends affecting each sector in order to maintain a sector outlook. Evaluating such factors as historical default rates and average credit spreads within each sector, analysts provide top-down analysis that supports decisions to overweight or underweight a given sector in a portfolio.
4
Diversification. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to invest in a large number of sectors, states and specific issuers in order to help insulate a portfolio from events that affect any individual industry, geographic location or credit. Portfolio managers normally seek to limit exposure to individual credits over the long-term. Portfolio managers also seek to diversify other portfolio level risks, including exposure to calls, and to manage a portfolios interest rate sensitivity within tolerance bands relative to the relevant benchmark.
Trading Strategies: Through its trading strategies, Nuveen Asset Management seeks to enhance portfolio value by trading to take advantage of inefficiencies found in the municipal market. This may entail selling issues Nuveen Asset Management deems to be overvalued and purchasing issues Nuveen Asset Management considers to be undervalued.
Sell Discipline: Nuveen Asset Management generally sells securities when it (i) determines a security has become overvalued or over-rated, (ii) identifies credit deterioration, or (iii) modifies a portfolio strategy, such as sector allocation. Nuveen Asset Management may also sell securities when such securities exceed the portfolios diversification targets.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Funds investment objectives are:
|
to provide current income exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax; and |
|
to enhance portfolio value relative to the municipal bond market by investing in tax-exempt municipal securities that Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management believes are underrated or undervalued or that represent municipal market sectors that are undervalued. |
There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Underrated municipal securities are those whose ratings do not, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, reflect their true value. Municipal securities may be underrated because of the time that has elapsed since their rating was assigned or reviewed, or because of positive factors that may not have been fully taken into account by rating agencies, or for other similar reasons. Municipal securities that are undervalued or that represent undervalued municipal market sectors are municipal securities that, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, are worth more than the value assigned to them in the marketplace. Municipal securities of particular types or purposes (e.g., hospital bonds, industrial revenue bonds or bonds issued by a particular municipal issuer) may be undervalued because there is a temporary excess of supply in that market sector, or because of a general decline in the market price of municipal securities of the market sector for reasons that do not apply to the particular municipal securities that are considered undervalued. The Funds investment in underrated or undervalued municipal securities will be based on Nuveen Asset Managements belief that the prices of such municipal securities should ultimately reflect their true value. Accordingly, enhancement of portfolio value relative to the California municipal bond market refers to the Funds objective of attempting to realize above-average capital appreciation in a rising market, and to experience less than average capital losses in a declining market. Thus, the Funds secondary investment objective is not intended to suggest that capital appreciation is itself an objective of the Fund. Instead, the Fund seeks enhancement of portfolio value relative to the California municipal bond market by prudent selection of California municipal securities, regardless of which direction the market may move. Any capital appreciation realized by the Fund will generally result in the distribution of taxable capital gains to Common Shareholders and Preferred Shareholders. The Fund is currently required to allocate net capital gains and other income taxable for federal income tax purposes, if any, proportionately between Common Shares and Preferred Shares and dividends paid on Preferred Shares during specified rate periods will include an allocated portion of any such net capital gains and other taxable income. See Tax Matters and Description SharesVRDP Shares.
5
It is a fundamental policy that, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes (Assets), in municipal securities and other related investments, the income from which is exempt from regular federal and California income tax. For purposes of calculating net assets, the Fund will value eligible derivatives at market value or fair value instead of notional value. As a non-fundamental policy which may be changed by the Funds trustees without shareholder notice, the Fund invests 100% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase. As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds trustees upon 60 days notice to shareholders, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals at the time of purchase.
As a non-fundamental policy subject to change by the Funds Board, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets in investment grade municipal securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by at least one of the NRSROs that rate such security or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Also, as a non-fundamental policy, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Additionally, as a non-fundamental policy, no more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- or that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest in distressed securities. The Fund may not invest in the securities of an issuer which, at the time of investment, is in default on its obligations to pay principal or interest thereon when due or that is involved in a bankruptcy proceeding (i.e., rated below C-, at the time of investment); provided, however, that Nuveen Asset Management may determine that it is in the best interest of shareholders in pursuing a workout arrangement with issuers of defaulted securities to make loans to the defaulted issuer or another party, or purchase a debt, equity or other interest from the defaulted issuer or another party, or take other related or similar steps involving the investment of additional monies, but only if that issuers securities are already held by the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. The economic effect of leverage through the Funds purchase of inverse floating rate securities creates an opportunity for increased net income and returns, but also creates the possibly that the Funds long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of leverage exceeds the return on the inverse floating rate securities purchased by the Fund.
Municipal securities of below investment grade quality (Ba/BB or below) are commonly referred to as junk bonds. Issuers of securities rated Ba/BB or B are regarded as having current capacity to make principal and interest payments but are subject to business, financial or economic conditions which could adversely affect such payment capacity. Municipal securities rated Baa or BBB are considered investment grade securities; municipal securities rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations which lack outstanding investment characteristics and have speculative characteristics, while municipal securities rated BBB are regarded as having adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Municipal securities rated AAA in which the Fund may invest may have been so rated on the basis of the existence of insurance guaranteeing the timely payment, when due, of all principal and interest. Municipal securities rated below investment grade quality are obligations of issuers that are considered predominately speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal according to the terms of the obligation and, therefore, carry greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy and increased market price volatility. Municipal securities rated below investment grade tend to be less marketable than higher-quality securities because the market for them is less broad. The market for unrated municipal securities is even narrower. During periods of thin trading in these markets, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly and the Fund may have greater difficulty selling its portfolio securities. The Fund will be more dependent on Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Managements research and analysis when investing in these securities. The ratings of S&P Global Ratings (S&P), Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch) represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal securities they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. A general description of Moodys, S&Ps and Fitchs ratings of municipal securities is set forth in Appendix A hereto.
6
The Fund may invest in distressed securities which are securities issued by companies that may be experiencing financial difficulties. The issuers of such securities may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. These characteristics of these issuers can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These issuers securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the issuers to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic climate, economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the issuers. Distressed securities frequently do not produce income while they are outstanding and may require the Fund to bear certain extraordinary expenses in order to protect and recover its investment.
The foregoing credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a NRSRO downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issuer or that valuation changes of various bonds cause the Funds portfolio to fail to satisfy those policies. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management may consider such factors as their assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. See Municipal Securities. The Fund may also invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal bonds of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. See Other Investment Companies.
The Fund will generally invest in California municipal securities with intermediate or long-term maturities. Generally, the Fund is expected to have an average effective maturity of 15 to 30 years, but the average effective maturity of obligations held by the Fund may be shortened or lengthened, depending on market conditions and on an assessment by the Funds portfolio manager of which segments of the municipal securities market offer the most favorable relative investment values and opportunities for tax-exempt income and total return. As of January 31, 2020, the effective maturity of the Funds portfolio was 22.49 years. As a result, the Funds portfolio at any given time may include both long-term and intermediate-term California municipal securities. Moreover, during temporary defensive periods (e.g., times when, in Nuveen Fund Advisors opinion, temporary imbalances of supply and demand or other temporary dislocations in the tax-exempt bond market adversely affect the price at which long-term or intermediate-term municipal securities are available), and in order to help keep the Funds assets fully invested, the Fund may invest any percentage of its net assets in short-term investments including high quality, short-term debt securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. The Fund will generally select obligations which may not be redeemed at the option of the issuer for approximately seven to nine years.
The Fund may purchase municipal securities that are additionally secured by insurance, bank credit agreements, or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide such credit enhancements may affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature may reduce certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Funds income. The insurance feature guarantees only the payment of principal and interest on the obligation when due and does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations, which will fluctuate with the bond market and the financial success of the issuer and the insurer, and the effectiveness and value of the insurance itself is dependent on the continued creditworthiness of the insurer. No representation is made as to the insurers ability to meet their commitments.
Obligations of issuers of municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. In addition, the obligations of such issuers may become subject to the laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures or referenda extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon municipalities to levy taxes. There is also the possibility that, as a result of legislation or other conditions, the power or ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its municipal securities may be materially affected.
7
The Fund cannot change its investment objectives without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class. When used with respect to particular shares of the Fund, a majority of the outstanding shares under the 1940 Act, means (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares, whichever is less. See Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights for additional information with respect to the voting rights of Fund shareholders.
As of January 31, 2020, approximately 85% of the Funds Managed Assets were invested in municipal securities rated investment grade. The relative percentages of the value of the investments attributable to investment grade municipal securities and to below investment grade municipal securities could change over time as a result of rebalancing the Funds assets by Nuveen Asset Management, market value fluctuations, issuance of additional shares and other events.
MUNICIPAL SECURITIES
General. The Fund may invest in various municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals and California income tax. Municipal securities are often issued by state and local governmental entities to finance or refinance public projects such as roads, schools, and water supply systems. Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned transportation, electric utility and pollution control projects. Municipal securities may be issued on a long-term basis to provide permanent financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments and mortgage payments. Municipal securities may also be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt. The Fund may purchase municipal securities in the form of bonds, notes, leases or certificates of participation; structured as callable or non-callable; with payment forms including fixed coupon, variable rate, zero coupon, capital appreciation bonds, tender option bonds, and residual interest bonds or inverse floating rate securities; or acquired through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships or other investment companies. Inverse floating rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates that vary inversely with changes in prevailing short-term tax-exempt interest rates and represent a leveraged investment in an underlying municipal security, which could have the economic effect of leverage.
Tobacco Settlement Bonds. Included in the general category of municipal securities described in the Prospectus are tobacco settlement bonds. The Fund may invest in tobacco settlement bonds, which are municipal securities that are backed solely by expected revenues to be derived from lawsuits involving tobacco related deaths and illnesses which were settled between certain states and American tobacco companies. Tobacco settlement bonds are secured by an issuing states proportionate share in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). The MSA is an agreement, reached out of court in November 1998 between 46 states and nearly all of the U.S. tobacco manufacturers. The MSA provides for annual payments in perpetuity by the manufacturers to the states in exchange for releasing all claims against the manufacturers and a pledge of no further litigation. Tobacco manufacturers pay into a master escrow trust based on their market share, and each state receives a fixed percentage of the payment as set forth in the MSA. A number of states have securitized the future flow of those payments by selling bonds pursuant to indentures or through distinct governmental entities created for such purpose. The principal and interest payments on the bonds are backed by the future revenue flow related to the MSA. Annual payments on the bonds, and thus risk to the Fund, are highly dependent on the receipt of future settlement payments to the state or its governmental entity.
8
The actual amount of future settlement payments is further dependent on many factors, including, but not limited to, annual domestic cigarette shipments, reduced cigarette consumption, increased taxes on cigarettes, inflation, financial capability of tobacco companies, continuing litigation and the possibility of tobacco manufacturer bankruptcy. The initial and annual payments made by the tobacco companies will be adjusted based on a number of factors, the most important of which is domestic cigarette consumption. If the volume of cigarettes shipped in the U.S. by manufacturers participating in the settlement decreases significantly, payments due from them will also decrease. Demand for cigarettes in the U.S. could continue to decline due to price increases needed to recoup the cost of payments by tobacco companies. Demand could also be affected by: anti-smoking campaigns, tax increases, reduced advertising, enforcement of laws prohibiting sales to minors; elimination of certain sales venues such as vending machines; and the spread of local ordinances restricting smoking in public places. As a result, payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be negatively impacted if the decrease in tobacco consumption is significantly greater than the forecasted decline. A market share loss by the MSA companies to non-MSA participating tobacco manufacturers would cause a downward adjustment in the payment amounts. A participating manufacturer filing for bankruptcy also could cause delays or reductions in bond payments. The MSA itself has been subject to legal challenges and has, to date, withstood those challenges.
Municipal Leases and Certificates of Participation. Also included within the general category of municipal securities described in the Prospectus are municipal leases, certificates of participation in such lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (hereinafter collectively called Municipal Lease Obligations) of municipal authorities or entities. Although a Municipal Lease Obligation does not constitute a general obligation of the municipality for which the municipalitys taxing power is pledged, a Municipal Lease Obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipalitys covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due under the Municipal Lease Obligation. However, certain Municipal Lease Obligations contain non-appropriation clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In the case of a non-appropriation lease, the Funds ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property, without recourse to the general credit of the lessee, and disposition or releasing of the property might prove difficult. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated municipal leases or participates in such leases, the credit quality rating and risk of cancellation of such unrated leases will be monitored on an ongoing basis. In order to reduce this risk, the Fund will only purchase Municipal Lease Obligations where Nuveen Asset Management believes the issuer has a strong incentive to continue making appropriations until maturity.
Municipal Notes. Municipal securities in the form of notes generally are used to provide for short-term capital needs, in anticipation of an issuers receipt of other revenues or financing, and typically have maturities of up to three years. Such instruments may include tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes and construction loan notes. Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance the working capital needs of governments. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various tax revenues, such as income, sales, property, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes. Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other kinds of revenue, such as federal revenues available under federal revenue sharing programs. Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term bond financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the funds needed for repayment of the bond anticipation notes. Tax and revenue anticipation notes combine the funding sources of both tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes. Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. Mortgage notes insured by the Federal Housing Authority secure these notes; however, the proceeds from the insurance may be less than the economic equivalent of the payment of principal and interest on the mortgage note if there has been a default. The anticipated revenues from taxes, grants or bond financing generally secure the obligations of an issuer of municipal notes. An investment in such instruments, however, presents a risk that the anticipated revenues will not be received or that such revenues will be insufficient to satisfy the issuers payment obligations under the notes or that refinancing will be otherwise unavailable.
9
Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities. The principal of and interest on pre-refunded municipal securities are no longer paid from the original revenue source for the securities. Instead, the source of such payments is typically an escrow fund consisting of U.S. government securities. The assets in the escrow fund are derived from the proceeds of refunding bonds issued by the same issuer as the pre-refunded municipal securities. Issuers of municipal securities use this advance refunding technique to obtain more favorable terms with respect to securities that are not yet subject to call or redemption by the issuer. For example, advance refunding enables an issuer to refinance debt at lower market interest rates, restructure debt to improve cash flow or eliminate restrictive covenants in the indenture or other governing instrument for the pre-refunded municipal securities. However, except for a change in the revenue source from which principal and interest payments are made, the pre-refunded municipal securities remain outstanding on their original terms until they mature or are redeemed by the issuer.
Private Activity Bonds. Private activity bonds, formerly referred to as industrial development bonds, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities, although the current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues. The Funds distributions of its interest income from private activity bonds may subject certain investors to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. However, the Fund will only invest in private activity bonds that are not alternative minimum tax bonds.
Special Taxing Districts. Special taxing districts are organized to plan and finance infrastructure development to induce residential, commercial and industrial growth and redevelopment. The bond financing methods such as tax increment finance, tax assessment, special services district and Mello-Roos bonds, are generally payable solely from taxes or other revenues attributable to the specific projects financed by the bonds without recourse to the credit or taxing power of related or overlapping municipalities. They often are exposed to real estate development-related risks and can have more taxpayer concentration risk than general tax-supported bonds, such as general obligation bonds. Further, the fees, special taxes, or tax allocations and other revenues that are established to secure such financings are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. The bonds could default if development failed to progress as anticipated or if larger taxpayers failed to pay the assessments, fees and taxes as provided in the financing plans of the districts.
HEDGING STRATEGIES AND OTHER USES OF DERIVATIVES
The Fund may periodically engage in hedging transactions, and otherwise use various types of derivative instruments, described below, to reduce risk, to effectively gain particular market exposures, to seek to enhance returns, and to reduce transaction costs, among other reasons.
Hedging is a term used for various methods of seeking to preserve portfolio capital value by offsetting price changes in one investment through making another investment whose price should tend to move in the opposite direction.
A derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on (or derived from) a traditional security (such as a stock or a bond), an asset (such as a commodity like gold), or a market index (such as the Lehman Municipal Bond Index). Some forms of derivatives may trade on exchanges, while non-standardized derivatives, which tend to be more specialized and complex, trade in over-the-counter or a one-on-one basis. It may be desirable and possible in various market environments to partially hedge the portfolio against fluctuations in market value due to market interest rate or credit quality fluctuations, or instead to gain a desired investment exposure, by entering into various types of derivative transactions, including financial futures and index futures
10
as well as related put and call options on such instruments, structured notes, or interest rate swaps on taxable or tax-exempt securities or indexes (which may be forward-starting), credit default swaps, and options on interest rate swaps, among others.
These transactions present certain risks. In particular, the imperfect correlation between price movements in the futures contract and price movements in the securities being hedged creates the possibility that losses on the hedge by the Fund may be greater than gains in the value of the securities in the Funds portfolio. In addition, futures and options markets may not be liquid in all circumstances. As a result, in volatile markets, the Fund may not be able to close out the transaction without incurring losses substantially greater than the initial deposit. Finally, the potential deposit requirements in futures contracts create an ongoing greater potential financial risk than do options transactions, where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses due to hedging transactions will reduce yield. Net gains, if any, from hedging and other portfolio transactions will be distributed as taxable distributions to shareholders. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies will generate taxable income.
The Fund will invest in these instruments only in markets believed by Nuveen Asset Management to be active and sufficiently liquid. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies will generate taxable income.
Swap Transactions. The Fund may enter into total return, interest rate and credit default swap agreements and interest rate caps, floors and collars. The Fund may also enter into options on the foregoing types of swap agreements (swap options).
The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any purpose consistent with its investment objective, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, as a duration management technique, to reduce risk arising from the ownership of a particular instrument, or to gain exposure to certain sectors or markets in the most economical way possible.
Swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for a specified period of time. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined asset, reference rate or index. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, e.g., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. The notional amount of the swap agreement generally is only used as a basis upon which to calculate the obligations that the parties to the swap agreement have agreed to exchange. See Segregation of Assets below.
Some, but not all, swaps may be cleared, in which case a central clearing counterparty stands between each buyer and seller and effectively guarantees performance of each contract, to the extent of its available resources for such purpose. Uncleared swaps have no such protection; each party bears the risk that its direct counterparty will default.
Interest Rate Swaps, Caps, Collars and Floors. Interest rate swaps are bilateral contracts in which each party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on different referenced interest rates (e.g., a fixed rate and a floating rate) applied to a specified notional amount. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate floor. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index rises above a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. Interest rate collars involve selling a cap and purchasing a floor or vice versa to protect the Fund against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
11
Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the Funds use of interest rate swaps could enhance or harm the overall performance of Common Shares. To the extent interest rates decline, the value of the interest rate swap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net asset value (NAV) of Common Shares. In addition, if the counterparty to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the swap to offset the interest payments on borrowings or the dividend payments on any outstanding Preferred Shares. Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the swap, which in turn would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates at that point in time, such a default could negatively impact the performance of Common Shares. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund would not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement would not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the performance of Common Shares. The Fund could be required to prepay the principal amount of any borrowings. Such redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap transaction. Early termination of a swap could result in a termination payment by or to the Fund.
Total Return Swaps. In a total return swap, one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying asset during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. A total return swap may be applied to any underlying asset but is most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined baskets of loans and mortgages. The Fund might enter into a total return swap involving an underlying index or basket of securities to create exposure to a potentially widely-diversified range of securities in a single trade. An index total return swap can be used by Nuveen Asset Management to assume risk, without the complications of buying the component securities from what may not always be the most liquid of markets.
Credit Default Swaps. A credit default swap is a bilateral contract that enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a defined-issuer credit event. The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements either as a buyer or a seller. The Fund may buy protection to attempt to mitigate the risk of default or credit quality deterioration in an individual security or a segment of the fixed income securities market to which it has exposure, or to take a short position in individual bonds or market segments which it does not own. The Fund may sell protection in an attempt to gain exposure to the credit quality characteristics of particular bonds or market segments without investing directly in those bonds or market segments.
As the buyer of protection in a credit default swap, the Fund would pay a premium (by means of an upfront payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement) in return for the right to deliver a referenced bond or group of bonds to the protection seller and receive the full notional or par value (or other agreed upon value) upon a default (or similar event) by the issuer(s) of the underlying referenced obligation(s). If no default occurs, the protection seller would keep the stream of payments and would have no further obligation to the Fund. Thus, the cost to the Fund would be the premium paid with respect to the agreement. If a credit event occurs, however, the Fund may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. The Fund bears the risk that the protection seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations.
If the Fund is a seller of protection in a credit default swap and no credit event occurs, the Fund would generally receive an up-front payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap. If a credit event occurs, however, generally the Fund would have to pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. As the protection seller, the Fund effectively adds the economic equivalent of leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Thus, the Fund bears the same risk as it would by buying the reference obligations directly, plus the additional risks related to obtaining investment exposure through a derivative instrument discussed below under Risks Associated with Swap Transactions.
12
Swap Options. A swap option is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation), in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms. A cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund generally would incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than when it purchases a swap option. When the Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swap option, upon exercise of the option the Fund would become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Risks Associated with Swap Transactions. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity which involves strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. If Nuveen Asset Management is incorrect in its forecasts of default risks, market spreads or other applicable factors or events, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. As the protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively adds the economic equivalent of leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The Fund generally may only close out a swap, cap, floor, collar or other two-party contract with its particular counterparty, and generally may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. In addition, the price at which the Fund may close out such a two party contract may not correlate with the price change in the underlying reference asset. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will succeed in enforcing its rights.
It also is possible that developments in the derivatives market, including changes in government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap or other agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Futures and Options on Futures. The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its investment portfolio against market risk by engaging in transactions in financial futures contracts, options on financial futures or options that either are based on an index of long-term municipal securities (i.e., those with average remaining maturities of more than 15 years) or relate to debt securities whose prices Nuveen Asset Management anticipates to correlate with the prices of the municipal securities the Fund owns. To accomplish such hedging, the Fund may take an investment position in a futures contract or in an option which is expected to move in the opposite direction from the position being hedged. Hedging may be utilized to reduce the risk that the value of securities the Fund owns may decline on account of an increase in interest rates and to hedge against increases in the cost of the securities the Fund intends to purchase as a result of a decline in interest rates. The use of futures and options for hedging purposes can be expected to result in taxable income or gain. The Fund currently intends to allocate any taxable income or gain proportionately between its common shares and its Preferred Shares. See Tax Matters. If futures are used for hedging purposes, there can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the futures contract and in the underlying financial instruments that are being hedged. This could result from differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the financial instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading (e.g., differences in interest rate levels, maturities and the creditworthiness of issuers) among other factors. In addition, price movements of futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements of the financial instruments underlying the futures contracts due to certain market distortions. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security, index or interest rate (each a financial instrument) for a set price on a future date. Certain futures contracts, such as futures contracts relating to individual securities, call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument. However, these contracts generally are closed out before delivery by entering into an offsetting purchase or sale of a matching futures contract (same exchange, underlying financial instrument, and delivery month). Other futures contracts, such as futures contracts on interest rates and indices,
13
do not call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument, but rather are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the financial instrument at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the contract was originally written. These contracts also may be settled by entering into an offsetting futures contract.
Successful use of futures by the Fund also is subject to Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the relevant market. For example, if the Fund uses futures to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the market value of securities held in its portfolio and the prices of such securities increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the securities which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. Furthermore, if in such circumstances the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements. The Fund may have to sell such securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The sale of financial futures or the purchase of put options on financial futures or on debt securities or indexes is a means of hedging against the risk of rising interest rates, whereas the purchase of financial futures or of call options on financial futures or on debt securities or indexes is a means of hedging the Funds portfolio against an increase in the price of securities such Fund intends to purchase. Writing a call option on a futures contract or on debt securities or indexes may serve as a hedge against a modest decline in prices of municipal securities held in the Funds portfolio, and writing a put option on a futures contract or on debt securities or indexes may serve as a partial hedge against an increase in the value of municipal securities the Fund intends to acquire. The writing of these options provides a hedge to the extent of the premium received in the writing transaction. The Fund may not enter into a futures contract or related options or forward contracts if more than 30% of the Funds net assets would be represented by futures contracts or more than 5% of the Funds net assets would be committed to initial margin deposits and premiums on futures contracts and related options.
Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), an amount of cash or securities equal to a varying specified percentage of the contract amount. This amount is known as initial margin. The margin deposit is intended to ensure completion of the contract. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the futures exchanges and may be revised. In addition, FCMs may establish margin deposit requirements that are higher than the exchange minimums. Cash held in the margin account generally is not income producing. However, couponbearing securities, such as Treasury securities, held in margin accounts generally will earn income. Subsequent payments to and from the FCM, called variation margin, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying financial instrument fluctuates, making the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking the contract to market. Changes in variation margin are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will operate to terminate its position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a gain or loss. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of an FCM that holds margin on behalf of the Fund, the Fund may be entitled to the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCMs other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund. Futures transactions also involve brokerage costs and the Fund may have to segregate additional liquid assets in accordance with applicable SEC requirements. See Segregation of Assets below.
A futures option gives the purchaser of such option the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the purchaser acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. Upon the exercise of a put option, the opposite is true.
There are certain risks associated with the use of financial futures and options to hedge investment portfolios. There may be an imperfect correlation between price movements of the futures and options and price
14
movements of the portfolio securities being hedged. Losses may be incurred in hedging transactions, which could reduce the portfolio gains that might have been realized if the hedging transactions had not been entered into. If the Fund engages in futures transactions or in the writing of options on futures, it will be required to maintain initial margin and maintenance margin and may be required to make daily variation margin payments in accordance with applicable rules of the exchanges and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). If the Fund purchases a financial futures contract or a call option or writes a put option in order to hedge the anticipated purchase of municipal securities, and if the Fund fails to complete the anticipated purchase transaction, the Fund may have a loss or a gain on the futures or options transaction that will not be offset by price movements in the municipal securities that were the subject of the anticipatory hedge. The cost of put options on debt securities or indexes effectively increases the cost of the securities subject to them, thereby reducing the yield otherwise available from these securities. If the Fund decides to use futures contracts or options on futures contracts for hedging purposes, the Fund will be required to establish an account for such purposes with one or more CFTC-registered futures commission merchants. A futures commission merchant could establish initial and maintenance margin requirements for the Fund that are greater than those which would otherwise apply to the Fund under applicable rules of the exchanges and the CFTC. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a derivatives or futures or a futures option position, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company (RIC) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) may also limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in futures, options on futures and swaps. See Tax Matters.
Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of strategies may generate taxable income. With respect to the Funds investment policies, for purposes of calculating net assets, the Fund will value eligible derivatives at fair value or market value instead of notional value.
There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that, if used, that the strategies will be successful.
For further information regarding these investment strategies and risks presented thereby, see Appendix B to this SAI.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable), including, but not limited to, restricted securities (securities the disposition of which is restricted under the federal securities laws), securities that may be resold only pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act that are deemed to be illiquid, and certain repurchase agreements.
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the 1933 Act. Where registration is required, the Fund
15
may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell. To the extent that the Board or its delegate determines that the price of any illiquid security provided by the pricing service is inappropriate, such security will be priced at a fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or its delegate.
INVERSE FLOATING RATE SECURITIES AND FLOATING RATE SECURITIES
Inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters) are securities whose interest rates bear an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security or the value of an index. Generally, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed by a third party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. The special purpose trust typically sells two classes of beneficial interests or securities: floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as short-term floaters or tender option bonds) and inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters or residual interest securities). Both classes of beneficial interests are represented by certificates. The short-term floating rate securities have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the special purpose trust. Typically, a third party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution, grants the floating rate security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives periodic fees. The holder of the short-term floater effectively holds a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term, tax-exempt rate. However, the institution granting the tender option will not be obligated to accept tendered short-term floaters in the event of certain defaults or a significant downgrade in the credit rating assigned to the bond issuer. For its inverse floating rate investment, the Fund receives the residual cash flow from the special purpose trust. Because the holder of the short-term floater is generally assured liquidity at the face value of the security, the Fund as the holder of the inverse floater assumes the interest rate cash flow risk and the market value risk associated with the municipal security deposited into the special purpose trust. The volatility of the interest cash flow and the residual market value will vary with the degree to which the trust is leveraged. This is expressed in the ratio of the total face value of the short-term floaters in relation to the value of the residual inverse floaters that are issued by the special purpose trust. The Fund expects to make limited investments in inverse floaters, with leverage ratios that may vary at inception between one and three times. In addition, all voting rights and decisions to be made with respect to any other rights relating to the municipal bonds held in the special purpose trust are passed through to the Fund, as the holder of the residual inverse floating rate securities. Because increases in the interest rate on the short-term floaters reduce the residual interest paid on inverse floaters, and because fluctuations in the value of the municipal bond deposited in the special purpose trust affect the value of the inverse floater only, and not the value of the short-term floater issued by the trust, inverse floaters value is generally more volatile than that of fixed rate bonds. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is generally more volatile than the underlying securities due to the leveraging effect of this ownership structure. These securities generally will underperform the market of fixed rate bonds in a rising interest rate environment (i.e., when bond values are falling), but tend to outperform the market of fixed rate bonds when interest rates decline or remain relatively stable. Although volatile, inverse floaters typically offer the potential exceeding the yields available on fixed rate bonds with comparable credit quality, coupon, call provisions and maturity. Inverse floaters have varying degrees of liquidity based upon, among other things, the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust.
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities, issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Asset Managements discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party sponsor of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to
16
reimburse the third party sponsor of such inverse floater, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. Such agreements may expose the Fund to a risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities. The Fund will segregate or earmark liquid assets with its custodian in accordance with the 1940 Act to cover its obligations with respect to its investments in special purpose trusts. Absent a shortfall and forbearance agreement, the Fund would not be required to make such a reimbursement. If the Fund chooses not to enter into such an agreement, the special purpose trust could be liquidated and the Fund could incur a loss. See also Segregation of Assets in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in both inverse floating rate securities and floating rate securities (as discussed below) issued by the same special purpose trust.
Investments in inverse floating rate securities have the economic effect of leverage. The use of leverage creates special risks for Common Shareholders. See the Prospectus under Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk.
Floating Rate Securities. The Fund may also invest in floating rate securities, as described above, issued by special purpose trusts. Floating rate securities may take the form of short-term floating rate securities or the option period may be substantially longer. Generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal securities with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option, which may vary from weekly, to monthly, to extended periods of one year or multiple years. Since the option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying bond deposited in the trust, the Fund as the holder of the floating rate security relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the option as well as the credit strength of that institution. As further assurance of liquidity, the terms of the trust provide for a liquidation of the municipal security deposited in the trust and the application of the proceeds to pay off the floating rate security. The trusts that are organized to issue both short-term floating rate securities and inverse floaters generally include liquidation triggers to protect the investor in the floating rate security.
OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund may invest in securities of other open or closed-end investment companies (including ETFs) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. In addition, the Fund may invest a portion of its Managed Assets in pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. The Fund generally expects that it may invest in other investment companies and/or other pooled investment vehicles either during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of an offering of its Common Shares, or borrowing or during periods when there is a shortage of attractive, high-yielding municipal securities available in the market. The Fund may invest in investment companies that are advised by Nuveen Fund Advisors, Nuveen Asset Management or their respective affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC. The Fund has not received or applied for, nor does it currently intend to apply for, any such relief. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses and would remain subject to payment of the Funds management, advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. The Fund will consider the investments of underlying investment companies when determining its compliance with its policy to invest at least 80% of its Assets in municipal securities, the income from which is exempt from regular federal and California income tax.
Nuveen Fund Advisors will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company relative to available municipal security investments. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same
17
leverage risks described herein. As described in the Prospectus, the NAV and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to Common Shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares.
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may engage in portfolio trading when considered appropriate, but short-term trading will not be used as the primary means of achieving the Funds investment objectives. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it is generally not expected to exceed 25% under normal circumstances. For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 28%. For the six months ended August 31, 2019, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 5%. However, there are no limits on the Funds rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, investment considerations warrant such action. A higher portfolio turnover rate would result in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. Although these commissions and expenses are not reflected in the Funds Total Annual Expenses as disclosed in the Prospectus, they will be reflected in the Funds total return. In addition, high portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. See Tax Matters.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
As temporary investments, the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contractual agreement whereby the seller of securities (U.S. government securities or municipal securities) agrees to repurchase the same security at a specified price on a future date agreed upon by the parties. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Funds holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. Income generated from transactions in repurchase agreements will be taxable. See Tax Matters for information relating to the allocation of taxable income between Common Shares and Preferred Shares. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of Nuveen Fund Advisors, present minimal credit risk. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the issuer to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the delivery date; however, although the value of the underlying collateral at the time the transaction is entered into always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, if the value of the collateral declines there is a risk of loss of both principal and interest. In the event of default, the collateral may be sold but the Fund might incur a loss if the value of the collateral declines, and might incur disposition costs or experience delays in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited. Nuveen Asset Management will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times subsequent during the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, Nuveen Asset Management will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.
SEGREGATION OF ASSETS
As a closed-end investment company registered with the SEC, the Fund is subject to the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and various interpretive positions of the SEC and its staff. In accordance with these laws, rules and positions, the Fund must maintain liquid assets (often referred to as asset segregation), or engage in other SEC staff-approved measures, to cover open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments and financial agreements (such as reverse repurchase agreements). Generally, the Fund will maintain an amount of liquid assets with its custodian in an amount at least equal to the current amount of its obligations, including the value of unpaid past and future payment obligations, under derivative instruments and financial agreements, in accordance with SEC guidance. However, the Fund also may cover certain
18
obligations by other means such as through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument. The Fund also may enter into offsetting transactions with respect to certain obligations consistent with existing guidance from the SEC and its staff so that its combined position, coupled with any liquid assets maintained by its custodian, equals its net outstanding obligation in related derivatives or financial agreements. In the case of long positions in financial futures contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, the Fund may set aside or earmark liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions equal to such contracts full notional value, less any margin on deposit for liquid assets, while the positions are open. In the case of short positions in financial futures contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, the Fund may set aside or earmark liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions equal to such contracts current market value, less any margin on deposit for liquid assets, while the positions are open. With respect to financial futures contracts that are contractually required to cash settle, however, the Fund is permitted to set aside liquid assets or enter into an offsetting position in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Funds daily net liability) under the contracts, if any, rather than such contracts full notional value. If the Fund writes credit default swaps, it will segregate the full notional amount of the payment obligation under the credit default swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a credit event. The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts. With respect to such investments, the Fund will segregate or earmark assets in an amount equal to at least 100% of the face amount of the floating rate securities issued by such trusts.
The Fund reserves the right to modify its policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff, such as the SECs proposed rules governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, regarding asset segregation.
To the extent the Fund uses its assets to cover its obligations as required by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and applicable positions of the SEC and its staff, such assets may not be used for other operational purposes. Nuveen Fund Advisors and/or Nuveen Asset Management will monitor the Funds use of derivatives and will take action as necessary for the purpose of complying with the asset segregation policy stated above. Such actions may include the sale of the Funds portfolio investments.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Short-Term Taxable Fixed Income Securities. For temporary defensive purposes or to keep cash on hand fully invested, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its net assets in cash equivalents and short-term taxable fixed-income securities, although the Fund intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only in the event that suitable tax-exempt short-term investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. Short-term taxable fixed income investments are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
(1) U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government agency securities include securities issued by (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, and the Government National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks*, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and the Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association,* whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies, and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.
* |
These securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. |
19
(2) Certificates of Deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Under current Federal Deposit Insurance Company regulations, the maximum insurance payable as to any one certificate of deposit is $250,000; therefore, certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured.
(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. Nuveen Asset Management monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. Nuveen Asset Management does so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.
(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. Nuveen Asset Management will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow, and other liquidity measures) and will continuously monitor the corporations ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Funds liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.
Short-Term Tax-Exempt Municipal Securities. Short-term tax-exempt municipal securities are securities that are exempt from regular federal income tax and mature within three years or less from the date of issuance. Short-term tax-exempt municipal income securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
Bond Anticipation Notes (BANs) are usually general obligations of state and local governmental issuers which are sold to obtain interim financing for projects that will eventually be funded through the sale of long-term debt obligations or bonds. The ability of an issuer to meet its obligations on its BANs is primarily dependent on the issuers access to the long-term municipal bond market and the likelihood that the proceeds of such bond sales will be used to pay the principal and interest on the BANs.
Tax Anticipation Notes (TANs) are issued by state and local governments to finance the current operations of such governments. Repayment is generally to be derived from specific future tax revenues. TANs are usually general obligations of the issuer. A weakness in an issuers capacity to raise taxes due to, among other things, a decline in its tax base or a rise in delinquencies, could adversely affect the issuers ability to meet its obligations on outstanding TANs.
Revenue Anticipation Notes (RANs) are issued by governments or governmental bodies with the expectation that future revenues from a designated source will be used to repay the notes. In general, they also
20
constitute general obligations of the issuer. A decline in the receipt of projected revenues, such as anticipated revenues from another level of government, could adversely affect an issuers ability to meet its obligations on outstanding RANs. In addition, the possibility that the revenues would, when received, be used to meet other obligations could affect the ability of the issuer to pay the principal and interest on RANs.
Construction Loan Notes are issued to provide construction financing for specific projects. Frequently, these notes are redeemed with funds obtained from the Federal Housing Administration.
Bank Notes are notes issued by local government bodies and agencies, such as those described above to commercial banks as evidence of borrowings. The purposes for which the notes are issued are varied but they are frequently issued to meet short-term working capital or capital-project needs. These notes may have risks similar to the risks associated with TANs and RANs.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (Municipal Paper) represents very short-term unsecured, negotiable promissory notes issued by states, municipalities and their agencies. Payment of principal and interest on issues of municipal paper may be made from various sources, to the extent the funds are available therefrom. Maturities of municipal paper generally will be shorter than the maturities of TANs, BANs or RANs. There is a limited secondary market for issues of Municipal Paper.
Certain municipal securities may carry variable or floating rates of interest whereby the rate of interest is not fixed but varies with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as a bank prime rate or a tax-exempt money market index.
While the various types of notes described above as a group represent the major portion of the short-term tax-exempt note market, other types of notes are available in the marketplace and the Fund may invest in such other types of notes to the extent permitted under its investment objectives, policies and limitations. Such notes may be issued for different purposes and may be secured differently from those mentioned above.
AUCTION RATE SECURITIES
Municipal securities also include auction rate municipal securities and auction rate preferred securities issued by closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities (collectively, auction rate securities). In recent market environments, auctions have failed, which adversely affects the liquidity and price of auction rate securities, and are unlikely to resume. Provided that the auction mechanism is successful, auction rate securities usually permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value at specified intervals. The dividend is reset by Dutch auction in which bids are made by broker-dealers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum yield. The dividend rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be traded at par value, there is a risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the securities. Moreover, between auctions, there may be no secondary market for these securities, and sales conducted on a secondary market may not be on terms favorable to the seller. Auction rate securities may be called by the issuer. Thus, with respect to liquidity and price stability, auction rate securities may differ substantially from cash equivalents, notwithstanding the frequency of auctions and the credit quality of the security. The Funds investments in auction rate securities of closed-end funds are subject to the limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other fees paid by such closed-end funds in addition to the advisory fees payable directly by the Fund.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may buy and sell municipal securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, making payment or taking delivery at a later date, normally within 15 to 45 days of the trade date. On such transactions the payment obligation and the interest rate are fixed at the time the purchaser enters into the commitment.
21
Beginning on the date the Fund enters into a commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, the Fund is required under the rules of the SEC to maintain in a separate account liquid assets, consisting of cash, cash equivalents or liquid securities having a market value, at all times, of at least equal to the amount of any delayed payment commitment. Income generated by any such assets which provide taxable income for federal income tax purposes is includable in the taxable income of the Fund. The Fund may enter into contracts to purchase municipal securities on a forward basis (i.e., where settlement will occur more than 60 days from the date of the transaction) only to the extent that the Fund specifically collateralizes such obligations with a security that is expected to be called or mature within sixty days before or after the settlement date of the forward transaction. The commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward basis may involve an element of risk because no interest accrues on the bonds prior to settlement and at the time of delivery the market value may be less than cost.
STRUCTURED NOTES
The Fund may utilize structured notes and similar instruments for investment purposes and also for hedging purposes. Structured notes are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an embedded index), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but not ordinarily below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending upon a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index or indices or other assets. Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. These types of investments may generate taxable income.
ZERO COUPON BONDS
A zero coupon bond is a bond that typically does not pay interest either for the entire life of the obligation or for an initial period after the issuance of the obligation. When held to its maturity, the holder receives the par value of the zero coupon bond, which generates a return equal to the difference between the purchase price and its maturity value. A zero coupon bond is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. This original issue discount (OID) approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound prior to its maturity and reflects the payment deferral and credit risk associated with the instrument. Because zero coupon securities and other OID instruments do not pay cash interest at regular intervals, the instruments ongoing accruals require ongoing judgments concerning the collectability of deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. As a result, these securities may be subject to greater value fluctuations and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash on a current basis. Because zero coupon bonds, and OID instruments generally, allow an issuer to avoid or delay the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments, they may involve greater payment deferral and credit risk than coupon loans and bonds that pay interest currently or in cash. The Fund generally will be required to distribute dividends to shareholders representing the income of these instruments as it accrues, even though the Fund will not receive all of the income on a current basis or in cash. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments, including when it may not be advisable to do so, and use the cash proceeds to make income distributions to its shareholders. For accounting purposes, these cash distributions to shareholders will not be treated as a return of capital.
Further, Nuveen Fund Advisors collects management fees on the value of a zero coupon bond or OID instrument attributable to the ongoing non-cash accrual of interest over the life of the bond or other instrument. As a result, Nuveen Fund Advisors receives non-refundable cash payments based on such non-cash accruals while the Fund and Common Shareholders incur the risk that such non-cash accruals ultimately may not be realized.
22
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The management of the Fund, including general supervision of the duties performed for the Fund under the Investment Management Agreement (as defined under Investment Adviser, Sub-Adviser and Portfolio ManagerInvestment Management Agreement and Related Fees), is the responsibility of the Board. The number of trustees of the Fund is nine, all of whom are not interested persons (referred to herein as independent trustees). None of the independent trustees has ever been a director, trustee or employee of, or consultant to, Nuveen, LLC (Nuveen), Nuveen Fund Advisors, Nuveen Asset Management, or their affiliates. The Board is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, the Class I trustees serving until the 2022 annual meeting, the Class II trustees serving until the 2020 annual meeting and the Class III trustees serving until the 2021 annual meeting, in each case until their respective successors are elected and qualified, as described below. Currently, William C. Hunter, Judith M. Stockdale, Carole E. Stone and Margaret L. Wolff are slated in Class I, John K. Nelson, Terence J. Toth and Robert L. Young are slated in Class II, and Jack B. Evans and Albin F. Moschner are slated in Class III. If the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, two of the Funds trustees will be elected by the holders of such preferred shares, voting separately as a class. The remaining trustees of the Fund are elected by holders of Common Shares and preferred shares, voting separately as a class. In the event that the Fund fails to pay dividends on outstanding preferred shares for two years, holders of preferred shares are entitled to elect a majority of trustees of the Fund. The officers of the Fund serve annual terms through August of each year and are elected on an annual basis. The names, business addresses and years of birth of the trustees and officers of the Fund, their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years, the number of portfolios each trustee oversees and other directorships they hold are set forth below. Except as noted in the table below, the trustees of the Fund are directors or trustees, as the case may be, of 157 Nuveen-sponsored registered investment companies (the Nuveen Funds), which includes 73 open-end mutual funds (the Nuveen Mutual Funds), 71 closed-end funds and 13 Nushares ETFs.
23
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other
|
|||||
Independent Trustees: |
||||||||||
Terence J. Toth 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1959) |
Chairman
of the Board and Trustee |
TermClass II
Length of Service Since 2008 |
Formerly, Co-Founding Partner, Promus Capital (2008-2017); Director of Quality Control Corporation (since 2012); formerly, Director, Fulcrum IT Service LLC (2010-2019); formerly, Director LogicMark LLC (2012-2016); formerly, Director, Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc. (2008-2013); formerly, CEO and President, Northern Trust Global Investments (2004-2007); Executive Vice President, Quantitative Management & Securities Lending (2000-2004); prior thereto, various positions with Northern Trust Company (since 1994); Member of Catalyst Schools of Chicago Board (since 2008) and Mather Foundation Board (since 2012) and is Chair of its Investment Committee; formerly, Member, Chicago Fellowship Board (2005-2016); formerly, Member, Northern Trust Mutual Funds Board (2005-2007), Northern Trust Global Investments Board (2004-2007), Northern Trust Japan Board (2004-2007), Northern Trust Securities Inc. Board (2003-2007) and Northern Trust Hong Kong Board (1997-2004). | 157 | None. |
24
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other
|
|||||
Jack B. Evans 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1948) |
Trustee |
TermClass III
Length of Service Since 1999 |
Chairman (since 2019), formerly, President (1996-2019), The Hall-Perrine Foundation, a private philanthropic corporation; Director, Public Member, American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (since 2015); Life Trustee of Coe College and the Iowa College Foundation; formerly, Director, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; formerly, President and Chief Operating Officer, SCI Financial Group, Inc., a regional financial services firm; formerly, Member and President Pro Tem of the Board of Regents for the State of Iowa University System; formerly, Director, The Gazette Company. | 157 | Director and Chairman, United Fire Group, a publicly held company; formerly, Director, Alliant Energy. | |||||
William C. Hunter 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1948) |
Trustee |
TermClass I
Length of Service Since 2003 |
Dean Emeritus, formerly, Dean (2006-2012), Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; past Director (2005-2015) and past President (2010-2014) of Beta Gamma Sigma, Inc., The International Business Honor Society; formerly, Director (1997-2007), Credit Research Center at Georgetown University; formerly, Dean and Distinguished Professor of Finance (2003-2006), School of Business at the University of Connecticut; previously, Senior Vice President and Director of Research (1995-2003) at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. | 157 | Director of Wellmark, Inc. (since 2009); Director of Xerox Corporation (2004-2018). |
25
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other
|
|||||
Albin F. Moschner 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1952) |
Trustee |
TermClass III
Length of
|
Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Northcroft Partners, LLC, a management consulting firm (since 2012); previously, held positions at Leap Wireless International, Inc., including Consultant (2011-2012), Chief Operating Officer (2008-2011) and Chief Marketing Officer (2004-2008); formerly, President, Verizon Card Services division of Verizon Communications, Inc. (2000-2003); formerly, President, One Point Services at One Point Communications (1999-2000); formerly, Vice Chairman of the Board, Diba, Incorporated (1996-1997); formerly, various executive positions (1991-1996), including Chief Executive Officer (1995-1996), with Zenith Electronics Corporation. | 157 | Chairman (2019) and Director (2012-2019), USA Technologies, Inc., a provider of solutions and services to facilitate electronic payment transactions; formerly, Director, Wintrust Financial Corporation (1996-2016). |
26
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other
|
|||||
John K. Nelson 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1962) |
Trustee |
TermClass II
Length of Service Since 2013 |
Member of Board of Directors of Core12 LLC. (since 2008), a private firm which develops branding, marketing and communications strategies for clients; served The Presidents Council of Fordham University (2010-2019) and previously a Director of the Curran Center for Catholic American Studies (2009-2018); formerly, senior external advisor to the Financial Services practice of Deloitte Consulting LLP. (2012-2014); former Chair of the Board of Trustees of Marian University (2010-2014 as trustee, 2011-2014 as Chair); formerly Chief Executive Officer of ABN AMRO Bank N.V., North America, and Global Head of the Financial Markets Division (2007-2008), with various executive leadership roles in ABN AMRO Bank N.V. between 1996 and 2007. | 157 | None. | |||||
Judith M. Stockdale 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1947) |
Trustee |
TermClass I
Length of Service Since 1997 |
Board Member of the Land Trust Alliance (since 2013); formerly, Board Member of the U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities (2013-2019); formerly, Executive Director (1994-2012), Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation; prior thereto, Executive Director, Great Lakes Protection Fund (1990-1994). | 157 | None. | |||||
Carole E. Stone 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1947) |
Trustee |
TermClass I
Length of Service Since 2007 |
Former Director, Chicago Board Options Exchange (2006-2017) and C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated (2009-2017); formerly, Commissioner, New York State Commission on Public Authority Reform (2005-2010). | 157 | Director, Cboe Global Markets, Inc., formerly, CBOE Holdings, Inc. (since 2010). |
27
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other
|
|||||
Margaret L. Wolff 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1955) |
Trustee |
TermClass I
Length of Service Since 2016 |
Formerly, Of Counsel (2005-2014), Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (Mergers & Acquisitions Group); Member of the Board of Trustees of New York-Presbyterian Hospital (since 2005); Member (since 2004) and Chair (since 2015) of the Board of Trustees of The John A. Hartford Foundation (a philanthropy dedicated to improving the care of older adults); formerly, Member (2005-2015) and Vice Chair (2011- 2015) of the Board of Trustees of Mt. Holyoke College. | 157 | Formerly Member of the Board of Directors (2013-2017) of Travelers Insurance Company of Canada and The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company (each, a part of Travelers Canada, the Canadian operation of The Travelers Companies, Inc.). | |||||
Robert L. Young 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1963) |
Trustee |
TermClass II
Length of Service Since 2017 |
Formerly, Chief Operating Officer and Director, J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (2010-2016); formerly, President and Principal Executive Officer (2013-2016), and Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2005-2010), of J.P. Morgan Funds; formerly, Director and various officer positions for J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (formerly, JPMorgan Funds Management, Inc. and formerly, One Group Administrative Services) and JPMorgan Distribution Services, Inc. (formerly, One Group Dealer Services, Inc.) (1999-2017). | 157 | None. |
28
OFFICERS OF THE FUND:
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
|||
Cedric H. Antosiewicz 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1962) |
Chief
Administrative Officer |
TermUntil
August 2020
|
Senior Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2004-2017), of Nuveen Securities LLC; Senior Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2014-2017), of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC. | |||
Nathaniel T. Jones 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1979) |
Vice President
and Treasurer |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
|
Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2016-2017), formerly, Vice President (2011-2016), of Nuveen, LLC; Managing Director (since 2015) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Chartered Financial Analyst. | |||
Walter M. Kelly 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1970) |
Vice President
and Chief Compliance Officer |
TermUntil
August 2020 Length of Service Since 2003 |
Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2008-2017), of Nuveen, LLC. | |||
David J. Lamb 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1963) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020 Length of Service Since 2015 |
Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President, of Nuveen, LLC (2006-2017), Vice President prior to 2006. | |||
Tina M. Lazar 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1961) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020
|
Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President, (2014-2017) of Nuveen Securities, LLC. | |||
Brian J. Lockhart 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1974) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
Since 2019 |
Managing Director (since 2019) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Vice President (2010-2017), of Nuveen, LLC; Head of Investment Oversight (since September 2017), formerly, Team Leader of Manager Oversight (2015-2017); Chartered Financial Analyst and Certified Financial Risk Manager. | |||
Jacques M. Longerstaey 8500 Andrew Carnegie Boulevard Charlotte, NC 28262 (1963) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
Since 2019 |
Senior Managing Director and Chief Risk Officer of Nuveen, LLC (since May 2019); Senior Managing Director (since May 2019) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; formerly, Chief Investment and Model Risk Officer, Wealth & Investment Management Division, Wells Fargo Bank (NA) (2013-2019). |
29
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
|||
Kevin J. McCarthy 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1966) |
Vice President
and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil
August 2020
|
Senior Managing Director (since 2017) and Secretary and General Counsel (since 2016) of Nuveen Investments, Inc., formerly, Executive Vice President (2016-2017) and Managing Director and Assistant Secretary (2008-2016); Senior Managing Director (since 2017) and Assistant Secretary (since 2008) of Nuveen Securities, LLC, formerly Executive Vice President (2016-2017) and Managing Director (2008-2016); Senior Managing Director (since 2017), Secretary (since 2016) and Co-General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, formerly, Executive Vice President (2016-2017), Managing Director, (2008-2016) and Assistant Secretary (2007-2016); Senior Managing Director (since 2017), Secretary (since 2016) and Associate General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, formerly Executive Vice President (2016-2017) and Managing Director and Assistant Secretary (2011-2016); Vice President (since 2007) and Secretary (since 2016), formerly, Assistant Secretary, of NWQ Investment Management Company, LLC, Symphony Asset Management LLC, Santa Barbara Asset Management, LLC and Winslow Capital Management, LLC (since 2010); Senior Managing Director (since 2017) and Secretary (since 2016) of Nuveen Alternative Investments, LLC. | |||
Jon Scott Meissner 8500 Andrew Carnegie Boulevard Charlotte, NC 28262 (1973) |
Vice President
and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
|
Managing Director of Mutual Fund Tax and Financial Reporting groups at Nuveen, LLC (since 2017); Managing Director (since 2019) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Senior Director of Teachers Advisors, LLC and TIAA-CREF Investment Management, LLC (since 2016); Senior Director (since 2015), Mutual Fund Taxation to the TIAA-CREF Funds, the TIAA-CREF Life Funds, the TIAA Separate Account VA-1 and the CREF Accounts; has held various positions with TIAA since 2004. |
30
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
|||
William T. Meyers 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1966) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
Since 2018 |
Senior Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2016-2017), and Senior Vice President (2010-2016), of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Senior Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2016-2017) and Senior Vice President (2010-2016), of Nuveen, LLC, has held various positions with Nuveen, LLC since 1991. | |||
Deann D. Morgan 100 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 1969 |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
Since
|
Executive Vice President, Global Head of Product at Nuveen (since November 2019); Managing Member MDR Collaboratory LLC (since 2018); Managing Director, Head of Wealth Management Product Structuring & COO Multi Asset Investing, The Blackstone Group (2013-2017). | |||
Michael A. Perry 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1967) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
Since 2017 |
Executive Vice President (since 2017), previously, Managing Director (2016-2017), of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2019) Executive Vice President (2017-2019), formerly, Managing Director (2015-2017), of Nuveen Securities, LLC and Nuveen Alternative Investments, LLC; formerly, Managing Director (2010-2015) of UBS Securities LLC. | |||
Christopher M. Rohrbacher 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1971) |
Vice President
and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil
August 2020 Length of Service Since 2008 |
Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2016-2017), Co-General Counsel (since 2019) and Assistant Secretary (since 2016), of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director (since 2017) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2012-2017), and Associate General Counsel (since 2016), formerly, Assistant General Counsel (2008-2016), of Nuveen, LLC. | |||
William A. Siffermann 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1975) |
Vice President |
TermUntil
August 2020 Length of Service Since 2017 |
Managing Director (since 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2016-2017), and Vice President (2011-2016) of Nuveen, LLC. |
31
Name, Business Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with Fund |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
|||
E. Scott Wickerham TIAA 730 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 (1973) |
Vice President
and Controller |
TermUntil
August 2020
Length of
|
Senior Managing Director, Head of Fund Administration of Nuveen, LLC (since 2019), formerly, Managing Director; Senior Managing Director (since 2019) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Treasurer (since 2017) to the TIAA-CREF Funds, the TIAA-CREF Life Funds, the TIAA Separate Account VA-1 and the Treasurer (since 2017) to the CREF Accounts; Senior Director, TIAA-CREF Fund Administration (2014-2015); has held various positions with TIAA since 2006. | |||
Mark L. Winget 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1968) |
Vice President
and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil
August 2020 Length of Service Since 2008 |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary of Nuveen Securities, LLC (since 2008); Vice President and Assistant Secretary of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (since 2019); Vice President (since 2010) and Associate General Counsel (since 2019), formerly, Assistant General Counsel (2008-2016), of Nuveen, LLC. | |||
Gifford R. Zimmerman 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1956) |
Vice President
and Secretary |
TermUntil
August 2020 Length of Service Since 1988 |
Managing Director (since 2002) and Assistant Secretary (since 2002) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Managing Director (since 2002), Assistant Secretary (since 1997) and Co-General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director (since 2004) and Assistant Secretary (since 1994) of Nuveen Investments, Inc.; Managing Director, Assistant Secretary and Associate General Counsel of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (since 2011); Vice President (since February 2017), Managing Director (2003-2017) and Assistant Secretary (since 2003) of Symphony Asset Management LLC; Vice President and Assistant Secretary of NWQ Investment Management Company, LLC, Santa Barbara Asset Management, LLC (since 2006) and Winslow Capital Management, LLC (since 2010); Chartered Financial Analyst. |
Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
The Board of Directors or the Board of Trustees (as the case may be, each is referred to hereafter as the Board and the trustees or directors of the Nuveen Funds, as applicable, are referred to herein as Trustees) oversees the operations and management of the Nuveen Funds, including the duties performed for the Nuveen Funds by Nuveen Fund Advisors and each Nuveen Funds sub-adviser(s), as applicable. The Board has adopted a unitary board structure. A unitary board consists of one group of trustees who serve on the board of every Nuveen Fund in the fund complex. In adopting a unitary board structure, the Trustees seek to provide effective
32
governance through establishing a board, the overall composition of which, will, as a body, possess the appropriate skills, independence and experience to oversee the Nuveen Funds business. With this overall framework in mind, when the Board, through its Nominating and Governance Committee discussed below, seeks nominees for the Board, the Trustees consider, not only the candidates particular background, skills and experience, among other things, but also whether such background, skills and experience enhance the Boards diversity and at the same time complement the Board given its current composition and the mix of skills and experiences of the incumbent Trustees.
The Board believes the unitary board structure enhances good and effective governance, particularly given the nature of the structure of the investment company complex. Funds in the same complex generally are served by the same service providers and personnel and are governed by the same regulatory scheme which raises common issues that must be addressed by the trustees across the fund complex (such as compliance, valuation, liquidity, brokerage, trade allocation or risk management). The Board believes it is more efficient to have a single board review and oversee common policies and procedures which increases the Boards knowledge and expertise with respect to the many aspects of fund operations that are complex-wide in nature. The unitary structure also enhances the Boards influence and oversight over Nuveen Fund Advisors and other service providers.
In an effort to enhance the independence of the Board, the Board also has a Chairman that is an independent trustee. The Board recognizes that a chairman can perform an important role in setting the agenda for the Board, establishing the boardroom culture, establishing a point person on behalf of the Board for fund management, and reinforcing the Boards focus on the long-term interests of shareholders. The Board recognizes that a chairman may be able to better perform these functions without any conflicts of interests arising from a position with fund management. Terence J. Toth currently serves as the Independent Chairman of the Board. Specific responsibilities of the Chairman include: (i) presiding at all meetings of the Board and of the shareholders; (ii) seeing that all orders and resolutions of the Trustees are carried into effect; and (iii) maintaining records of and, whenever necessary, certifying all proceedings of the Trustees and the shareholders.
Although the Board has direct responsibility over various matters (such as advisory contracts, underwriting contracts and Fund performance), the Board also exercises certain of its oversight responsibilities through several committees that it has established and which report back to the full Board. The Board believes that a committee structure is an effective means to permit Trustees to focus on particular operations or issues affecting the Nuveen Funds, including risk oversight. More specifically, with respect to risk oversight, the Board has delegated matters relating to valuation and compliance to certain committees (as summarized below) as well as certain aspects of investment risk. In addition, the Board believes that the periodic rotation of Trustees among the different committees allows the Trustees to gain additional and different perspectives of the Funds operations. The Board has established six standing committees: the Executive Committee, the Dividend Committee, the Closed-End Funds Committee, the Audit Committee, the Compliance, Risk Management and Regulatory Oversight Committee, and the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board also may from time to time create ad hoc committees to focus on particular issues as the need arises. The membership and functions of the standing committees are summarized below.
The Executive Committee, which meets between regular meetings of the Board, is authorized to exercise all of the powers of the Board. The members of the Executive Committee are Terence J. Toth (Chair), Margaret L. Wolff and Albin F. Moschner. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Executive Committee did not meet.
The Dividend Committee is authorized to declare distributions on each Nuveen Funds shares including, but not limited to, regular and special dividends, capital gains and ordinary income distributions. The members of the Dividend Committee are William C. Hunter, Albin F. Moschner, Margaret L. Wolff and Robert L. Young (Chair). During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Dividend Committee met four (4) times.
33
The Compliance, Risk Management and Regulatory Oversight Committee (the Compliance Committee) is responsible for the oversight of compliance issues, risk management and other regulatory matters affecting the Nuveen Funds that are not otherwise the jurisdiction of the other committees. The Board has adopted and periodically reviews policies and procedures designed to address the Nuveen Funds compliance and risk matters. As part of its duties, the Compliance Committee reviews the policies and procedures relating to compliance matters and recommends modifications thereto as necessary or appropriate to the full Board; develops new policies and procedures as new regulatory matters affecting the Nuveen Funds arise from time to time; evaluates or considers any comments or reports from examinations from regulatory authorities and responses thereto; and performs any special reviews, investigations or other oversight responsibilities relating to risk management, compliance and/or regulatory matters as requested by the Board.
In addition, the Compliance Committee is responsible for risk oversight, including, but not limited to, the oversight of risks related to investments and operations. Such risks include, among other things, exposures to particular issuers, market sectors, or types of securities; risks related to product structure elements, such as leverage; and techniques that may be used to address those risks, such as hedging and swaps. In assessing issues brought to the committees attention or in reviewing a particular policy, procedure, investment technique or strategy, the Compliance Committee evaluates the risks to the Nuveen Funds in adopting a particular approach or resolution compared to the anticipated benefits to the Nuveen Funds and their shareholders. In fulfilling its obligations, the Compliance Committee meets on a quarterly basis, and at least once a year in person. The Compliance Committee receives written and oral reports from the Nuveen Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and meets privately with the CCO at each of its quarterly meetings. The CCO also provides an annual report to the full Board regarding the operations of the Nuveen Funds and other service providers compliance programs as well as any recommendations for modifications thereto. The Compliance Committee also receives reports from the investment services group of Nuveen Investments regarding various investment risks. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the full Board also participates in discussions with management regarding certain matters relating to investment risk, such as the use of leverage and hedging. The investment services group therefore also reports to the full Board at its quarterly meetings regarding, among other things, Fund performance and the various drivers of such performance. Accordingly, the Board directly and/or in conjunction with the Compliance Committee oversees matters relating to investment risks. Matters not addressed at the committee level are addressed directly by the full Board. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. The members of the Compliance Committee are Albin F. Moschner, John K. Nelson (Chair), Terence J. Toth, Margaret L. Wolff and Robert L. Young. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Compliance Committee met six (6) times.
The Audit Committee assists the Board in the oversight and monitoring of the accounting and reporting policies, processes and practices of the Nuveen Funds, and the audits of the financial statements of the Nuveen Funds; the quality and integrity of the financial statements of the Nuveen Funds; the Nuveen Funds compliance with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the Nuveen Funds financial statements; the independent auditors qualifications, performance and independence; and the pricing procedures of the Nuveen Funds and the internal valuation group of Nuveen. It is the responsibility of the Audit Committee to select, evaluate and replace any independent auditors (subject only to Board and, if applicable, shareholder ratification) and to determine their compensation. The Audit Committee is also responsible for, among other things, overseeing the valuation of securities comprising the Nuveen Funds portfolios. Subject to the Boards general supervision of such actions, the Audit Committee addresses any valuation issues, oversees the Nuveen Funds pricing procedures and actions taken by Nuveens internal valuation group which provides regular reports to the committee, reviews any issues relating to the valuation of the Nuveen Funds securities brought to its attention and considers the risks to the Nuveen Funds in assessing the possible resolutions to these matters. The Audit Committee also may consider any financial risk exposures for the Nuveen Funds in conjunction with performing its functions.
To fulfill its oversight duties, the Audit Committee receives annual and semi-annual reports and has regular meetings with the external auditors for the Nuveen Funds and Nuveen Fund Advisors internal audit group at Nuveen Investments. The Audit Committee also may review in a general manner the processes the Board or
34
other Board committees have in place with respect to risk assessment and risk management as well as compliance with legal and regulatory matters relating to the Nuveen Funds financial statements. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. Members of the Audit Committee shall be independent (as set forth in the charter) and free of any relationship that, in the opinion of the trustees, would interfere with their exercise of independent judgment as an Audit Committee member. The members of the Audit Committee are Jack B. Evans, William C. Hunter, John K. Nelson, Judith Stockdale and Carole E. Stone (Chair), each of whom is an Independent Trustee of the Nuveen Funds. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Audit Committee met four (4) times.
The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for seeking, identifying and recommending to the Board qualified candidates for election or appointment to the Board. In addition, the Nominating and Governance Committee oversees matters of corporate governance, including the evaluation of Board performance and processes, the assignment and rotation of committee members, and the establishment of corporate governance guidelines and procedures, to the extent necessary or desirable, and matters related thereto. Although the unitary and committee structure has been developed over the years and the Nominating and Governance Committee believes the structure has provided efficient and effective governance, the committee recognizes that as demands on the Board evolve over time (such as through an increase in the number of funds overseen or an increase in the complexity of the issues raised), the committee must continue to evaluate the Board and committee structures and their processes and modify the foregoing as may be necessary or appropriate to continue to provide effective governance. Accordingly, the Nominating and Governance Committee has a separate meeting each year to, among other things, review the Board and committee structures, their performance and functions, and recommend any modifications thereto or alternative structures or processes that would enhance the Boards governance over the Nuveen Funds business.
In addition, the Nominating and Governance Committee, among other things, makes recommendations concerning the continuing education of trustees; monitors performance of legal counsel and other service providers; establishes and monitors a process by which security holders are able to communicate in writing with members of the Board; and periodically reviews and makes recommendations about any appropriate changes to Trustee compensation. In the event of a vacancy on the Board, the Nominating and Governance Committee receives suggestions from various sources, including suggestions from fund security holders, as to suitable candidates. Suggestions should be sent in writing to William Siffermann, Manager of Fund Board Relations, Nuveen, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606. The Nominating and Governance Committee sets appropriate standards and requirements for nominations for new Trustees and reserves the right to interview any and all candidates and to make the final selection of any new Trustees. In considering a candidates qualifications, each candidate must meet certain basic requirements, including relevant skills and experience, time availability (including the time requirements for due diligence site visits to internal and external sub-advisers and service providers) and, if qualifying as an Independent Trustee candidate, independence from Nuveen Fund Advisors, subadvisors, underwriters or other service providers, including any affiliates of these entities. These skill and experience requirements may vary depending on the current composition of the Board, since the goal is to ensure an appropriate range of skills, diversity and experience, in the aggregate. Accordingly, the particular factors considered and weight given to these factors will depend on the composition of the Board and the skills and backgrounds of the incumbent Trustees at the time of consideration of the nominees. All candidates, however, must meet high expectations of personal integrity, independence, governance experience and professional competence. All candidates must be willing to be critical within the Board and with management and yet maintain a collegial and collaborative manner toward other Board members. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. This committee is composed of the Independent Trustees of the Nuveen Funds. The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Terence J. Toth (Chair), Jack B. Evans, William C. Hunter, Albin F. Moschner, John K. Nelson, Judith M. Stockdale, Carole E. Stone, Margaret L. Wolff and Robert L. Young. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Nominating and Governance Committee met four (4) times.
The Closed-End Funds Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in the oversight and monitoring of the Nuveen Funds that are registered as closed-end management investment companies (the Closed-End
35
Funds). The committee may review and evaluate matters related to the formation and the initial presentation to the Board of new Closed-End Funds and may review and evaluate any matters relating to existing Closed-End Funds. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. The members of the Closed-End Funds Committee are Carole E. Stone, Jack B. Evans (Chair), Margaret L. Wolff, Terence J. Toth and Robert L. Young. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Closed-End Funds Committee met four (4) times.
Board Diversification and Trustee Qualifications
In determining that a particular Trustee was qualified to serve on the Board, the Board has considered each Trustees background, skills, experience and other attributes in light of the composition of the Board with no particular factor controlling. The Board believes that the Funds Trustees need to have the ability to critically review, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, and to interact effectively with Fund management, service providers and counsel, in order to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, and the Board believes each Trustee satisfies this standard. An effective Trustee may achieve this ability through his or her educational background; business, professional training or practice; public service or academic positions; experience from service as a board member or executive of investment funds, public companies or significant private or not-for-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Accordingly, set forth below is a summary of the experiences, qualifications, attributes, and skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this document, that each Trustee should continue to serve in that capacity. References to the experiences, qualifications, attributes and skills of Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Jack B. Evans. Mr. Evans has served as Chairman (since 2019), formerly, President (1996-2019), of the Hall-Perrine Foundation, a private philanthropic corporation. Mr. Evans was formerly President and Chief Operating Officer of the SCI Financial Group, Inc., a regional financial services firm headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He was a member of the Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago as well as a Director of Alliant Energy and President Pro Tem of the Board of Regents for the State of Iowa University System. Mr. Evans is Chairman of the Board of United Fire Group, sits on the Board as a Public Member of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and is a Life Trustee of Coe College. He has a Bachelor of Arts from Coe College and a M.B.A. from the University of Iowa.
William C. Hunter. Mr. Hunter became Dean Emeritus of the Henry B. Tippie College of Business at the University of Iowa on June 30, 2012. He was appointed Dean of the College on July 1, 2006. He had been Dean and Distinguished Professor of Finance at the University of Connecticut School of Business from 2003 to 2006. From 1995 to 2003, he was the Senior Vice President and Director of Research at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. While there he served as the Banks Chief Economist and was an Associate Economist on the Federal Reserve Systems Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). In addition to serving as a Vice President in charge of financial markets and basic research at the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta, he held faculty positions at Emory University, Atlanta University, the University of Georgia and Northwestern University. A past Director of the Credit Research Center at Georgetown University, SS&C Technologies, Inc. (2005) and past President of the Financial Management Association International, he has consulted with numerous foreign central banks and official agencies in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Central America and South America. From 1990 to 1995, he was a U.S. Treasury Advisor to Central and Eastern Europe. He has been a Director of Wellmark, Inc. since 2009 and was a Director of the Xerox Corporation from 2004 to 2018. He is a past Director and a past President of Beta Gamma Sigma, Inc., the International Business Honor Society.
Albin F. Moschner. Mr. Moschner is a consultant in the wireless industry and, in July 2012, founded Northcroft Partners, LLC, a management consulting firm that provides operational, management and governance solutions. Prior to founding Northcroft Partners, LLC, Mr. Moschner held various positions at Leap Wireless
36
International, Inc., a provider of wireless services, where he was a consultant from February 2011 to July 2012, Chief Operating Officer from July 2008 to February 2011, and Chief Marketing Officer from August 2004 to June 2008. Before he joined Leap Wireless International, Inc., Mr. Moschner was President of the Verizon Card Services division of Verizon Communications, Inc. from 2000 to 2003, and President of One Point Services at One Point Communications from 1999 to 2000. Mr. Moschner also served at Zenith Electronics Corporation as Director, President and Chief Executive Officer from 1995 to 1996, and as Director, President and Chief Operating Officer from 1994 to 1995. Mr. Moschner was formerly Chairman (2019) and a member of the Board of Directors (2012-2019) of USA Technologies, Inc. and, from 1996 until 2016, he was a member of the Board of Directors of Wintrust Financial Corporation. In addition, he is emeritus (since 2018) of the Advisory Boards of the Kellogg School of Management (1995-2018) and the Archdiocese of Chicago Financial Council (2012-2018). Mr. Moschner received a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering from The City College of New York in 1974 and a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University in 1979.
John K. Nelson. Mr. Nelson is on the Board of Directors of Core12, LLC. (since 2008), a private firm which develops branding, marketing, and communications strategies for clients. Mr. Nelson has extensive experience in global banking and markets, having served in several senior executive positions with ABN AMRO Holdings N.V. and its affiliated entities and predecessors, including LaSalle Bank Corporation from 1996 to 2008, ultimately serving as Chief Executive Officer of ABN AMRO N.V. North America. During his tenure at the bank, he also served as Global Head of its Financial Markets Division, which encompassed the banks Currency, Commodity, Fixed Income, Emerging Markets, and Derivatives businesses. He was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States and during his tenure with ABN AMRO served as the banks representative on various committees of The Bank of Canada, European Central Bank, and The Bank of England. Mr. Nelson previously served as a senior, external advisor to the financial services practice of Deloitte Consulting LLP. (2012-2014). At Fordham University, he served as a director of The Presidents Council (2010-2019) and previously served as a director of The Curran Center for Catholic American Studies (2009-2018). He served as a trustee and Chairman of The Board of Trustees of Marian University (2011-2013). Mr. Nelson is a graduate of Fordham University and holds a BA in Economics (1984) and an MBA in Finance (1991). Mr. Nelson joined the Fund Board in September of 2013.
Judith M. Stockdale. Ms. Stockdale retired in 2012 as Executive Director of the Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation, a private foundation working in land conservation and artistic vitality in the Chicago region and the Low Country of South Carolina. She is currently a board member of the Land Trust Alliance (since 2013). Her previous positions include Executive Director of the Great Lakes Protection Fund, Executive Director of Openlands, and Senior Staff Associate at the Chicago Community Trust. She has served on the Advisory Councils of the National Zoological Park, the Governors Science Advisory Council (Illinois) and the Nancy Ryerson Ranney Leadership Grants Program. She has served on the boards of Brushwood Center, Forefront f/k/a Donors Forum and the U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities. Ms. Stockdale, a native of the United Kingdom, has a Bachelor of Science degree in geography from the University of Durham (UK) and a Master of Forest Science degree from Yale University.
Carole E. Stone. Ms. Stone is currently on the Board of Directors of the Cboe Global Markets, Inc. (formerly, CBOE Holdings, Inc.), having previously served on the Boards of the Chicago Board Options Exchange, and C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated. Ms. Stone retired from the New York State Division of the Budget in 2004, having served as its Director for nearly five years and as Deputy Director from 1995 through 1999. She has also served as the Chair of the New York Racing Association Oversight Board, as a Commissioner on the New York State Commission on Public Authority Reform and as a member of the Boards of Directors of several New York State public authorities. Ms. Stone has a Bachelor of Arts from Skidmore College in Business Administration.
Terence J. Toth. Mr. Toth, the Nuveen Funds Independent Chairman, was a Co-Founding Partner of Promus Capital (2008-2017). From 2010 to 2019, he was a Director of Fulcrum IT Service LLC and from 2012 to 2016, Director of LogicMark LLC. From 2008 to 2013, he was a Director of Legal & General Investment
37
Management America, Inc. From 2004 to 2007, he was Chief Executive Officer and President of Northern Trust Global Investments, and Executive Vice President of Quantitative Management & Securities Lending from 2000 to 2004. He also formerly served on the Board of the Northern Trust Mutual Funds. He joined Northern Trust in 1994 after serving as Managing Director and Head of Global Securities Lending at Bankers Trust (1986 to 1994) and Head of Government Trading and Cash Collateral Investment at Northern Trust from 1982 to 1986. He currently serves on the Board of Quality Control Corporation (since 2012) and Catalyst Schools of Chicago. He is on the Mather Foundation Board (since 2012) and is the Chair of its Investment Committee. Mr. Toth graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Illinois, and received his M.B.A. from New York University. In 2005, he graduated from the CEO Perspectives Program at Northwestern University.
Margaret L. Wolff. Ms. Wolff retired from Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP in 2014 after more than 30 years of providing client service in the Mergers & Acquisitions Group. During her legal career, Ms. Wolff devoted significant time to advising boards and senior management on U.S. and international corporate, securities, regulatory and strategic matters, including governance, shareholder, fiduciary, operational and management issues. Ms. Wolff has been a trustee of New York-Presbyterian Hospital since 2005 and, since 2004, she has served as a trustee of The John A. Hartford Foundation (a philanthropy dedicated to improving the care of older adults) where she currently is the Chair. From 2013-2017, she was a Board member of Travelers Insurance Company of Canada and The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company (each of which is a part of Travelers Canada, the Canadian operation of The Travelers Companies, Inc.). From 2005 to 2015, she was a trustee of Mt. Holyoke College and served as Vice Chair of the Board from 2011 to 2015. Ms. Wolff received her Bachelor of Arts from Mt. Holyoke College and her Juris Doctor from Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
Robert L. Young. Mr. Young has more than 30 years of experience in the investment management industry. From 1997 to 2017, he held various positions with J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (J.P. Morgan Investment) and its affiliates (collectively, J.P. Morgan). Most recently, he served as Chief Operating Officer and Director of J.P. Morgan Investment (from 2010 to 2016) and as President and Principal Executive Officer of the J.P. Morgan Funds (from 2013 to 2016). As Chief Operating Officer of J.P. Morgan Investment, Mr. Young led service, administration and business platform support activities for J.P. Morgans domestic retail mutual fund and institutional commingled and separate account businesses, and co-led these activities for J.P. Morgans global retail and institutional investment management businesses. As President of the J.P. Morgan Funds, Mr. Young interacted with various service providers to these funds, facilitated the relationship between such funds and their boards, and was directly involved in establishing board agendas, addressing regulatory matters, and establishing policies and procedures. Before joining J.P. Morgan, Mr. Young, a former Certified Public Accountant (CPA), was a Senior Manager (Audit) with Deloitte & Touche LLP (formerly, Touche Ross LLP), where he was employed from 1985 to 1996. During his tenure there, he actively participated in creating, and ultimately led, the firms midwestern mutual fund practice. Mr. Young holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Accounting from the University of Dayton and, from 2008 to 2011, he served on the Investment Committee of its Board of Trustees.
Independent Chairman
Terence J. Toth currently serves as the independent Chairman of the Board. Specific responsibilities of the Chairman include (a) presiding at all meetings of the Board and of the shareholders; (b) seeing that all orders and resolutions of the Trustees are carried into effect; and (c) maintaining records of and, whenever necessary, certifying all proceedings of the Trustees and the shareholders.
Class I Trustees will serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2022; Class II Trustees will serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2020; and Class III Trustees will serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2021. As each Trustees term expires, shareholders will be asked to elect trustees and such trustees shall be elected for a term expiring at the time of the third succeeding annual meeting subsequent to their election or thereafter in each case when their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. These
38
provisions could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust in the Prospectus.
SHARE OWNERSHIP
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2019:
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
||||
Jack B. Evans |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
William C. Hunter |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
Albin F. Moschner |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
John K. Nelson |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
Judith M. Stockdale |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
Carole E. Stone . |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
Terence J. Toth |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
Margaret L. Wolff |
None | Over $ 100,000 | ||||
Robert L. Young |
None | Over $100,000 |
As of December 31, 2019, the officers and Trustees as a group beneficially owned less than 1% of any class of the Funds outstanding securities. As of December 31, 2019, none of the disinterested Trustees or their immediate family members owned, beneficially, or of record, any securities in (i) an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund or (ii) a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.
5% Shareholders
As of February 28, 2020, no shareholders owned of record, or were known by the Fund to own of record or beneficially, five percent or more of any class of shares of the Fund.
COMPENSATION
The following table shows, for each Independent Trustee, (1) the aggregate compensation paid to each Trustee by the Fund for its fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, (2) the amount of total compensation paid to each Trustee by the Fund that has been deferred and (3) the total compensation paid to each Trustee by the Nuveen Funds during the calendar year ended December 31, 2019. The Fund does not have a retirement or pension plan. The officers and Trustees affiliated with Nuveen Investments serve without any compensation from the Fund. Certain of the Nuveen Funds have a deferred compensation plan (the Compensation Plan) that permits any Trustee who is not an interested person of certain funds to elect to defer receipt of all or a portion of his or her compensation as a Trustee. The deferred compensation of a participating trustee is credited to the book reserve account of a fund when the compensation would otherwise have been paid to the trustee. The value of the Trustees deferral account at any time is equal to the value that the account would have had if contributions to the account had been invested and reinvested in shares of one or more of the eligible Nuveen Funds. At the time for commencing distributions from a Trustees deferral account, the Trustee may elect to receive distributions in a lump sum or over a period of five years. The Fund will not be liable for any other funds obligations to make distributions under the Compensation Plan.
39
Aggregate
Compensation from Fund(1) |
Amount of Total
Compensation from the Fund That Has Been Deferred(2) |
Total Compensation from
Fund and Fund Complex(3) |
||||||||||
Jack B. Evans |
$ | 3,088 | $ | 305 | $ | 400,437 | ||||||
William C. Hunter |
3,161 | | 420,625 | |||||||||
Albin F. Moschner |
2,915 | | 376,050 | |||||||||
John K. Nelson |
3,242 | | 420,625 | |||||||||
Judith M. Stockdale |
2,892 | 425 | 388,232 | |||||||||
Carole E. Stone |
3,009 | 1,476 | 409,035 | |||||||||
Terence J. Toth |
3,399 | | 490,225 | |||||||||
Margaret L. Wolff |
2,876 | 923 | 384,667 | |||||||||
Robert L. Young |
2,733 | 2,733 | 363,189 |
(1) |
The compensation paid, including deferred amounts, to the independent trustees for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019 for services to the Fund. |
(2) |
Pursuant to a deferred compensation agreement with certain of the Nuveen Funds, deferred amounts are treated as though an equivalent dollar amount has been invested in shares of one or more eligible Nuveen Funds. Total deferred fees for the Fund (including the return from the assumed investment in the eligible Nuveen Funds) payable are stated above. |
(3) |
Based on the compensation paid (including any amounts deferred) for the calendar year ended December 31, 2019 for services to the Nuveen open-end and closed-end funds. Because the funds in the Fund Complex have different fiscal year ends, the amounts shown in this column are presented on a calendar year basis. |
Effective January 1, 2020, Independent Trustees receive a $195,000 annual retainer, increased from $190,000 as of January 1, 2019, plus (a) a fee of $6,750 per day, which was increased from $6,500 per day as of January 1, 2019, for attendance in-person or by telephone at regularly scheduled meetings of the Board; (b) a fee of $3,000 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at special, non-regularly scheduled Board Meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; (c) a fee of $2,500 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at Audit Committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; (d) a fee of $5,000 per meeting, which was increased from $2,500 per meeting as of January 1, 2019 for attendance in-person or by telephone at Compliance Committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; (e) a fee of $1,000 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at Dividend Committee meetings; (f) a fee of $2,500 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at Closed-End Funds Committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; and (g) a fee of $500 per meeting for attendance in person or by telephone at all other committee meetings ($1,000 for shareholder meetings) where in-person attendance is required and $250 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in person at such committee meetings (excluding shareholder meetings) where in-person attendance is not required, and $100 per meeting when the Executive Committee acts as pricing committee for IPOs; plus, in each case, expenses incurred in attending such meetings, provided that no fees are received for meetings held on days on which regularly scheduled Board meetings are held. In addition to the payments described above, the Chairman of the Board receives $90,000, and the chairpersons of the Audit Committee, the Dividend Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Closed-End Funds Committee, and the Nominating and Governance Committee receive $15,000 as annual retainers. The Independent trustees also receive a fee of $3,000 per day for site visits to entities that provide services to the Nuveen Funds on days on which no Board meeting is held. When ad hoc committees are organized, the Nominating and Governance Committee will at the time of formation determine compensation to be paid to the members of such committee; however, in general, such fees will be $1,000 per meeting for
40
attendance in-person or by telephone at ad hoc committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $500 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required. The annual retainer, fees and expenses are allocated among the Nuveen Funds on the basis of relative net assets, although management may, in its discretion, establish a minimum amount to be allocated to each fund. In certain instances, fees and expenses will be allocated only to those Nuveen Funds that are discussed at a given meeting.
The Fund has no employees. The officers of the Fund and the trustees of the Fund who are not independent trustees serve without any compensation from the Fund.
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISER
Investment Adviser. Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for overseeing the Funds overall investment strategy and implementation. Nuveen Fund Advisors offers advisory and investment management services to a broad range of investment company clients. Nuveen Fund Advisors has overall responsibility for management of the Fund, oversees the management of the Funds portfolio, manages the Funds business affairs and provides certain clerical, bookkeeping and other administrative services. Nuveen Fund Advisors is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. Nuveen Fund Advisors is a subsidiary of Nuveen, the investment management arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA). TIAA is a life insurance company founded in 1918 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is the companion organization of College Retirement Equities Fund. As of December 31, 2019, Nuveen managed approximately $1.061 trillion in assets, of which approximately $158.3 billion was managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors.
Investment Management Agreement and Related Fees. Pursuant to an investment management agreement between Nuveen Fund Advisors and the Fund (the Investment Management Agreement), the Fund has agreed to pay an annual management fee for the overall advisory and administrative services and general office facilities provided by Nuveen Fund Advisors. The Funds management fee is separated into two componentsa complex-level component, based on the aggregate amount of all fund assets managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors, and a specific fund-level component, based only on the amount of assets within the Fund. This pricing structure enables Nuveen fund shareholders to benefit from growth in the assets within each individual fund as well as from growth in the amount of complex-wide assets managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors.
Fund-Level Fee. The annual fund-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated according to the following schedule:
Average Daily Managed Assets* |
Fund-Level Fee Rate | |||
For the first $125 million |
0.4500 | % | ||
For the next $125 million |
0.4375 | % | ||
For the next $250 million |
0.4250 | % | ||
For the next $500 million |
0.4125 | % | ||
For the next $1 billion |
0.4000 | % | ||
For the next $3 billion |
0.3750 | % | ||
For Managed Assets over $5 billion |
0.3625 | % |
41
Complex-Level Fee. The annual complex-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated by multiplying the current complex-wide fee rate, determined according to the following schedule, by the Funds daily managed assets.
Complex-Level Eligible
|
Effective
Complex-Level Fee Rate at Breakpoint Level |
|||
$55 billion |
0.2000 | % | ||
$56 billion |
0.1996 | % | ||
$57 billion |
0.1989 | % | ||
$60 billion |
0.1961 | % | ||
$63 billion |
0.1931 | % | ||
$66 billion |
0.1900 | % | ||
$71 billion |
0.1851 | % | ||
$76 billion |
0.1806 | % | ||
$80 billion |
0.1773 | % | ||
$91 billion |
0.1691 | % | ||
$125 billion |
0.1599 | % | ||
$200 billion |
0.1505 | % | ||
$250 billion |
0.1469 | % | ||
$300 billion |
0.1445 | % |
* |
The complex-level fee is calculated based upon the aggregate daily eligible assets of all Nuveen open-end and closed-end funds. Eligible assets do not include assets attributable to investments in other Nuveen funds or assets in excess of a determined amount (originally $2 billion) added to the Nuveen fund complex in connection with Nuveen Fund Advisors assumption of the management of the former First American Funds effective January 1, 2011, but do include certain assets of certain Nuveen funds that were reorganized into funds advised by an affiliate of Nuveen Fund Advisors during the 2019 calendar year. Eligible assets include closed-end fund assets managed by Nuveen Fund Advisors that are attributable to certain types of leverage. For these purposes, leverage includes the closed-end funds use of preferred stock and borrowings and certain investments in the residual interest certificates (also called inverse floating rate securities) in tender option bond (TOB) trusts, including the portion of assets held by the TOB trust that has been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate securities, subject to an agreement by Nuveen Fund Advisors as to certain funds to limit the amount of such assets for determining eligible assets in certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2019, the complex-level fee rate for the Fund was 0.1562%. |
The following table sets forth the management fee paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal years:
Management Fee Net of
Expense Reimbursement for the Fiscal Year Ended |
Expense Reimbursement
for the Fiscal Year Ended |
|||||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 |
$ | 7,026,493 | $ | 0 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2018 |
$ | 7,078,953 | $ | 0 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2019 |
$ | 6,908,935 | $ | 0 |
In addition to the fee of Nuveen Fund Advisors, the Fund pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its directors (other than those affiliated with Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management), custodian, transfer agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses of issuing Preferred Shares, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies and taxes, if any. All fees and expenses are accrued daily and deducted before payment of dividends to investors.
42
A discussion regarding the Boards most recent approval of the Investment Management Agreement may be found in the Funds semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended August 31 of each year.
Investment Sub-Adviser. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management (the Sub-Advisory Agreement), Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, serves as the Funds sub-adviser. Nuveen Asset Management is a registered investment adviser and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nuveen Fund Advisors. Nuveen Asset Management oversees day-to-day operations and provides portfolio management services to the Fund. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management is compensated for the services it provides to the Fund with a portion of the management fee Nuveen Fund Advisors receives from the Fund. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
Sub-Advisory Agreement and Related Fees. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management will receive from Nuveen Fund Advisors a management fee equal to 38.4615% of Nuveen Fund Advisors net management fee from the Fund. Nuveen Fund Advisors and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
The following table sets forth the management fee paid by Nuveen Fund Advisors to Nuveen Asset Management for the last three fiscal years:
Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid by Nuveen Fund Advisors to Nuveen Asset Management |
||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 |
$ | 2,702,495 | ||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2018 |
$ | 2,722,671 | ||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2019 |
$ | 2,657,280 |
A discussion regarding the Boards decision to renew the Investment Management Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements may be found in the Funds semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended August 31 of each year.
Unless otherwise indicated, the information below is provided as of the date of this SAI.
Portfolio Management. Scott R. Romans, PhD (the Portfolio Manager), Managing Director of Nuveen Asset Management, joined Nuveen in 2000 as a senior analyst in the education sector. In 2003, he was assigned management responsibility for several closed- and open-ended municipal bond funds most of which are state funds covering California and other western states. Currently, he manages investments for 14 Nuveen-sponsored investment companies. He holds an undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania and an MA and PhD from the University of Chicago.
The Portfolio Manager also has responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund. Information regarding these other accounts is set forth below.
Number of Other Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type as of February 28, 2019 |
||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Type of
|
Number
of Accounts |
Total
Assets |
Number of
Accounts with Performance Based Fees |
Assets of
Account with Performance Based Fees |
|||||||||||||
Scott R. Romans |
Registered Investment Companies | 13 | $ | 12.76 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||
Other Accounts | 3 | 4.9 million | 0 | $ | 0 |
43
As shown in the above table, the Portfolio Manager may manage accounts in addition to the Fund. The potential for conflicts of interest exists when a portfolio manager manages other accounts with similar investment objectives and strategies to the Fund (Similar Accounts). Potential conflicts may include, for example, conflicts between investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities.
Responsibility for managing Nuveen Fund Advisors clients portfolios is organized according to investment strategies. Generally, client portfolios with similar strategies are managed using the same objectives, approach and philosophy. Therefore, portfolio holdings, relative position sizes and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest.
Nuveen Fund Advisors may receive more compensation with respect to certain Similar Accounts than that received with respect to the Fund or may receive compensation based in part on the performance of certain Similar Accounts. This may create a potential conflict of interest for the Funds portfolio manager by providing an incentive to favor these Similar Accounts when, for example, placing securities transactions. Potential conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions and allocation of limited investment opportunities. Allocations of aggregated trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially completed due to limited availability, and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest.
Nuveen Asset Management has policies and procedures designed to manage these conflicts described above such as allocation of investment opportunities to achieve fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities among its clients over time. For example, orders for the same equity security are aggregated on a continual basis throughout each trading day consistent with Nuveen Asset Managements duty of best execution for its clients. If aggregated trades are fully executed, accounts participating in the trade will be allocated their pro rata share on an average price basis. Partially completed orders will be allocated among the participating accounts on a pro-rata average price basis as well.
Compensation. Portfolio managers are compensated through a combination of base salary and variable components consisting of (i) a cash bonus; (ii) a long-term performance award; and (iii) participation in a profits interest plan.
Base salary. A portfolio managers base salary is determined based upon an analysis of the portfolio managers general performance, experience and market levels of base pay for such position.
Cash bonus. A portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus that is based on three variables: risk-adjusted investment performance relative to benchmark generally measured over the most recent three and five year periods (unless the portfolio managers tenure is shorter), ranking versus Morningstar peer funds generally measured over the most recent three and five year periods (unless the portfolio managers tenure is shorter), and management and peer reviews.
Long-term performance award. A portfolio manager is eligible to receive a long-term performance award that vests after three years. The amount of the award when granted is based on the same factors used in determining the cash bonus. The value of the award at the completion of the three-year vesting period is adjusted based on the risk-adjusted investment performance of Fund(s) managed by the portfolio manager during the vesting period and the performance of the TIAA organization as a whole.
Profits interest plan. Portfolio managers are eligible to receive profits interests in Nuveen Asset Management and its affiliate, TAL, which vest over time and entitle their holders to a percentage of the firms annual profits. Profits interests are allocated to each portfolio manager based on such persons overall contribution to the firms.
44
Material Conflicts of Interest. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple accounts are presented a number of potential conflicts, including, among others, those discussed below.
The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most accounts managed by a portfolio manager in a particular investment strategy are managed using the same investment models.
If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one account, an account may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible accounts. To deal with these situations, Nuveen Asset Management has adopted procedures for allocating limited opportunities across multiple accounts.
With respect to many of its clients accounts, Nuveen Asset Management determines which broker to use to execute transaction orders, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts, Nuveen Asset Management may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, Nuveen Asset Management may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for the Fund and other accounts which may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Fund or the other accounts.
Some clients are subject to different regulations. As a consequence of this difference in regulatory requirements, some clients may not be permitted to engage in all the investment techniques or transactions or to engage in these transactions to the same extent as the other accounts managed by the portfolio manager. Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where Nuveen Asset Management has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of some accounts, with respect to which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.
Conflicts of interest may also arise when the Sub-Adviser invests one or more of its client accounts in different or multiple parts of the same issuers capital structure, including investments in public versus private securities, debt versus equity, or senior versus junior/subordinated debt, or otherwise where there are different or inconsistent rights or benefits. Decisions or actions such as investing, trading, proxy voting, exercising, waiving or amending rights or covenants, workout activity, or serving on a board, committee or other involvement in governance may result in conflicts of interest between clients holding different securities or investments. Generally, individual portfolio managers will seek to act in a manner that they believe serves the best interest of the accounts they manage. In cases where a portfolio manager or team faces a conflict among its client accounts, it will seek to act in a manner that it believes best reflects its overall fiduciary duty, which may result in relative advantages or disadvantages for particular accounts.
Nuveen Asset Management has adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts common among investment managers. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Fund Shares Owned by the Portfolio Manager. As of February 28, 2019, the Portfolio Manager beneficially owned (as determined pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act) shares of the Fund having values within the indicated dollar ranges.
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities
Beneficially Owned in the Fund |
|||
Scott R. Romans |
$ | 0 |
45
The Fund, Nuveen Fund Advisors, Nuveen Asset Management, Nuveen Securities and other related entities have adopted a combined Code of Ethics (the Code of Ethics) that essentially prohibits certain of their personnel, including the Funds Portfolio Manager, from engaging in personal investments that compete or interfere with, or attempt to take advantage of a clients, including the Funds, anticipated or actual portfolio transactions, and are designed to assure that the interests of clients, including Fund shareholders, are placed before the interests of personnel in connection with personal investment transactions. Personnel subject to the Code of Ethics may purchase shares of the Fund subject to the restrictions set forth in the Code of Ethics. While personnel subject to the Code of Ethics may generally invest in securities in which the Fund may also invest, portfolio managers of municipal bond funds, such as the Fund, may not do so. A text-only version of the Code of Ethics of the Fund, Nuveen Fund Advisors, Nuveen Asset Management, and Nuveen Securities can be viewed online or downloaded from the EDGAR Database on the SECs internet web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, copies of the Code of Ethics may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail request at publicinfo@sec.gov.
The Fund invests its assets generally in municipal securities. On rare occasions the Fund may acquire, directly or through a special purpose vehicle, equity securities of certain issuers whose securities the Fund already owns when such securities have deteriorated or are expected shortly to deteriorate significantly in credit quality. The purpose of acquiring equity securities generally will be to acquire control of the municipal bond issuer and to seek to prevent the credit deterioration or facilitate the liquidation or other workout of the distressed issuers credit problem. In the course of exercising control of a distressed municipal issuer, Nuveen Asset Management may pursue the Funds interests in a variety of ways, which may entail negotiating and executing consents, agreements and other arrangements, and otherwise influencing the management of the issuer. Nuveen Asset Management does not consider such activities proxy voting for purposes of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, but nevertheless provides reports to the Funds Board on its control activities on a quarterly basis.
In the rare event that a municipal issuer held by the Fund were to issue a proxy, or that the Fund were to receive a proxy issued by a cash management security, Nuveen Asset Management would either engage an independent third party to determine how the proxy should be voted or vote the proxy with the consent, or based on the instructions, of the Funds Board or its representative. In the case of a conflict of interest, the proxy would be submitted to the Funds Board to determine how the proxy should be voted. A member of Nuveen Asset Managements legal department would oversee the administration of the voting, and ensure that records were maintained in accordance with Rule 206(4)-6, reports were filed with the SEC on Form N-PX, and the results provided to the Funds Board and made available to shareholders as required by applicable rules. If applicable, information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling (800) 257-8787 or from the Funds website at http://www.nuveen.com, and on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the supervision of the Board, Nuveen Asset Management is responsible for decisions to purchase and sell securities for the Fund, the negotiation of the prices to be paid and the allocation of transactions among various dealer firms. Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment by the Fund of brokerage commissions. There generally is no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or mark-up. Transactions in the OTC market can also be placed with broker-dealers who act as agents and charge brokerage
46
commissions for effecting OTC transactions. The Fund may place its OTC transactions either directly with principal market makers, or with broker-dealers if that is consistent with Nuveen Asset Managements obligation to obtain best qualitative execution. In certain instances, the Fund may make purchases of underwritten issues at prices that include underwriting fees.
Portfolio securities may be purchased directly from an underwriter or in the OTC market from the principal dealers in such securities, unless it appears that a better price or execution may be obtained through other means. Portfolio securities will not be purchased from Nuveen Investments or its affiliates or affiliates of Nuveen Fund Advisors except in compliance with the 1940 Act.
It is Nuveen Asset Managements policy to seek the best execution under the circumstances of each trade. Nuveen Asset Management will evaluate price as the primary consideration, with the financial condition, reputation and responsiveness of the dealer considered secondary in determining best execution. Given the best execution obtainable, it will be Nuveen Asset Managements practice to select dealers that, in addition, furnish research information (primarily credit analyses of issuers and general economic reports) and statistical and other services to Nuveen Asset Management. It is not possible to place a dollar value on information and statistical and other services received from dealers. Since it is only supplementary to Nuveen Asset Managements own research efforts, the receipt of research information is not expected to reduce significantly Nuveen Asset Managements expenses. While Nuveen Asset Management will be primarily responsible for the placement of the business of the Fund, Nuveen Asset Managements policies and practices in this regard must be consistent with the foregoing and will, at all times, be subject to review by the Board of the Fund.
Nuveen Asset Management may manage other investment accounts and investment companies for other clients that may invest in the same types of securities as the Fund and that may have investment objectives similar to those of the Fund. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to allocate portfolio transactions equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or sell assets or securities by the Fund and another advisory account. If an aggregated order cannot be filled completely, allocations will generally be made on a pro rata basis. An order may not be allocated on a pro rata basis where, for example (i) consideration is given to portfolio managers who have been instrumental in developing or negotiating a particular investment; (ii) consideration is given to an account with specialized investment policies that coincide with the particulars of a specific investment; (iii) pro rata allocation would result in odd-lot or de minimis amounts being allocated to a portfolio or other client; or (iv) where Nuveen Asset Management reasonably determines that departure from a pro rata allocation is advisable. There may also be instances where the Fund will not participate at all in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts. While these allocation procedures could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to the Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of the Board that the benefits available from Nuveen Asset Managements management outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from Nuveen Asset Managements larger management activities and its need to allocate securities.
Substantially all of the Funds trades are effected on a principal basis. The following table sets forth the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal years:
Brokerage Commissions Paid | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 |
$ | 0 | ||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2018 |
$ | 0 | ||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2019 |
$ | 0 |
During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, the Fund did not pay commissions to brokers in return for research services or hold any securities of its regular broker-dealers.
47
The Funds NAV per common share is determined as of the close of regular session trading (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for business. NAV is calculated by taking the Funds total assets, including interest or dividends accrued but not yet collected, less all liabilities, and dividing by the total number of common shares outstanding. The result, rounded to the nearest cent, is the NAV per share. All valuations are subject to review by the Funds Board or its delegate.
In determining NAV, expenses are accrued and applied daily and securities and other assets for which market quotations are available are valued at market value. The prices of municipal bonds are provided by a pricing service approved by the Funds Board. When market price quotes are not readily available (which is usually the case for municipal securities), the pricing service, or, in the absence of a pricing service for a particular security, the Board of the Fund, or its designee, may establish fair market value using a wide variety of market data including yields or prices of municipal bonds of comparable quality, type of issue, coupon, maturity and rating, market quotes or indications of value from securities dealers, evaluations of anticipated cash flows or collateral, general market conditions and other information and analysis, including the obligors credit characteristics considered relevant by the pricing service or the Boards designee. Exchange-listed securities are generally valued at the last sales price on the securities exchange on which such securities are primarily traded. Securities traded on a securities exchange for which there are no transactions on a given day or securities not listed on a securities exchange are valued at the closing bid prices. Securities traded on Nasdaq are valued at the Nasdaq Official Closing Price. Temporary investments in securities that have variable rate and demand features qualifying them as short-term investments are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. See Net Asset Value in the SAI for more information.
The Fund pays regular monthly distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate (stated in terms of a fixed cents per share of Common Shares dividend rate) that reflects the past and projected performance of the Fund. Distributions can only be made from net investment income after paying any accrued dividends to Preferred Shareholders, or interest and required principal payments on borrowings.
To permit the Fund to maintain a more stable monthly distribution, the Fund may from time to time distribute less than the entire amount of net investment income earned in a particular period. Such undistributed net investment income would be available to supplement future distributions, including distributions that might otherwise have been reduced by a decrease in the Funds monthly net income due to fluctuations in investment income or expenses, an increase in interest payments on borrowings, or due to an increase in the dividend rate on the Funds outstanding Preferred Shares. As a result, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during such period. However, the Fund intends to maintain distributions of net investment income for any period in amounts sufficient to continue to qualify for treatment under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code as a RIC (as explained more fully below in Tax Matters). Undistributed net investment income will be added to the Funds NAV and, correspondingly, distributions from undistributed net investment income will be deducted from the Funds NAV.
As explained more fully below in Tax Matters, at least annually, the Fund intends to distribute to Common Shareholders any net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) after paying any interest and required principal payments on borrowings and making any redemption or liquidation payments to Preferred Shareholders or, alternatively, to retain all or a portion of the years net capital gain. The Fund will pay federal income tax on any net capital gain not used to pay distributions to shareholders. Each Common Shareholder of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year will include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, his or her share of the retained gain, will be deemed to have paid his or her proportionate share of tax paid by the Fund, and will be entitled to an income tax credit or refund for that share of the tax.
48
For tax purposes, the Fund is currently required to allocate net capital gain and other taxable income, if any, between Common Shares and Preferred Shares in proportion to total dividends paid to each class for the year in which such net capital gain or other taxable income is realized. For information relating to the impact of the issuance of Preferred Shares on the distributions made by the Fund to Common Shareholders, see the Funds Prospectus under Use of Leverage.
If Preferred Shares are outstanding, the Fund may not declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless at the time of such declaration (1) all accumulated dividends on the Preferred Shares have been paid, (2) all interest and required principal on borrowings has been paid, (3) the NAV of the Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of any outstanding Preferred Shares and (4) the NAV of the Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is at least 300% of the value of the Funds borrowings. These limitations on the Funds ability to make distributions on its Common Shares could under certain circumstances impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for treatment as a RIC.
The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time, upon notice to shareholders subject to a finding by the Funds Board that such change is in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders. See Distributions in the Prospectus.
If your Common Shares are registered directly with the Fund or if you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that participates in the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), you may elect to have all dividends, including any capital gain dividends, on your Common Shares automatically reinvested by the Plan Agent (defined below) in additional Common Shares under the Plan. You may elect to participate in the Plan by contacting Nuveen Investor Services at (800) 257-8787. If you do not participate, you will receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly to you or your brokerage firm by Computershare Inc., as dividend paying agent (the Plan Agent).
If you decide to participate in the Plan, the number of Common Shares you will receive will be determined as follows:
(1) |
If Common Shares are trading at or above NAV at the time of valuation, the Fund will issue new shares at the then current market price; |
(2) |
If Common Shares are trading below NAV at the time of valuation, the Plan Agent will receive the dividend or distribution in cash and will purchase Common Shares in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for the participants accounts. It is possible that the market price for Common Shares may increase before the Plan Agent has completed its purchases. Therefore, the average purchase price per share paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the market price at the time of valuation, resulting in the purchase of fewer shares than if the dividend or distribution had been paid in Common Shares issued by the Fund. The Plan Agent will use all dividends and distributions received in cash to purchase Common Shares in the open market within 30 days of the valuation date. Interest will not be paid on any uninvested cash payments; or |
(3) |
If the Plan Agent begins purchasing Fund shares on the open market while shares are trading below NAV, but the Funds shares subsequently trade at or above their NAV before the Plan Agent is able to complete its purchases, the Plan Agent may cease open-market purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the distribution in newly-issued Fund shares at a price equal to the greater of the shares NAV or 95% of the shares market value. |
49
You may withdraw from the Plan at any time by giving written notice to the Plan Agent. If you withdraw or the Plan is terminated, you will receive whole shares in your account under the Plan and you will receive a cash payment for any fraction of a share in your account. If you wish, the Plan Agent will sell your shares and send you the proceeds, minus brokerage commissions and a $2.50 service fee.
Common Shares in your account will be held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form. Any proxy you receive will include all Common Shares you have received under the Plan. The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the Plan and gives written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information you may need for tax records. Upon a repurchase of your shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) may be required to report to the IRS and furnish to you cost basis and holding period information for the Funds shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (covered shares).
For shares of the Fund held in the Plan, you are permitted to elect from among several permitted cost basis methods. In the absence of an election, the Plan will use first-in first-out (FIFO) methodology for tracking and reporting your cost basis on covered shares as its default cost basis method. The cost basis method you use may not be changed with respect to a repurchase of shares after the settlement date of the repurchase. You should consult with your tax advisors to determine the best permitted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting rules apply to you. Shareholders should also carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
There is no brokerage charge for reinvestment of your dividends or distributions in Common Shares. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases.
Automatically reinvesting dividends and distributions does not mean that you do not have to pay income taxes due, if any, upon receiving dividends and distributions.
If you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that does not participate in the Plan, you will not be able to participate in the Plan and any dividend reinvestment may be effected on different terms than those described above. Consult your financial advisor for more information.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan if in the judgment of the Board the change is warranted. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Additional information about the Plan may be obtained from Computershare, P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, Kentucky, 40233-5000, (800) 257-8787.
The Fund may sell the Common Shares offered under the Prospectus and this SAI through:
|
at-the-market transactions; |
|
underwriting syndicates; and |
|
privately negotiated transactions. |
The Fund will bear the expenses of the offering, including but not limited to, the expenses of preparation of the Prospectus and this SAI for the offering and the expense of counsel and auditors in connection with the offering.
50
Distribution Through At-the-Market Transactions
The Fund has entered into a distribution agreement with Nuveen Securities (the Distribution Agreement), which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this SAI is a part. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Fund may from time to time issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities to certain broker-dealers which have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities. Currently, Nuveen Securities has entered into a Selected Dealer Agreement (the Selected Dealer Agreement) with UBS Securities LLC (UBS) pursuant to which UBS acts as Nuveen Securities sub-placement agent with respect to at-the-market offerings of Common Shares. The Selected Dealer Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this SAI forms a part. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Fund may from time to time issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities to certain broker-dealers which have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities.
Common Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by the Fund and Nuveen Securities. Common Shares will be sold at prevailing market prices through the National Market System, subject to a minimum price to be established each day by Nuveen Securities. The minimum price on any day will not be less than the current NAV per Common Share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities. The Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price.
The Fund will compensate Nuveen Securities with respect to sales of the Common Shares at a fixed commission rate of up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. Nuveen Securities will compensate sub-placement agents or other broker-dealers participating in the offering at a rate of up to 0.8% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares sold by that sub-placement agent or broker-dealer. Settlements of sales of Common Shares will occur on the second business day following the date on which any such sales are made. In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on behalf of the Fund, Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act, and the compensation of Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. Unless otherwise indicated in a further Prospectus supplement, Nuveen Securities will act as underwriter on a reasonable efforts basis.
The offering of Common Shares pursuant to the Distribution Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Common Shares subject thereto or (ii) termination of the Distribution Agreement. The Fund and Nuveen Securities each have the right to terminate the Distribution Agreement in its discretion at any time. The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to the Prospectus and this SAI primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to the Prospectus and this SAI describing such transactions.
UBS, its affiliates and their respective employees hold or may hold in the future, directly or indirectly, investment interests in Nuveen, Nuveen Fund Advisors, TIAA, or any of their affiliates or funds. The interests held by employees of UBS or its affiliates are not attributable to, and no investment discretion is held by, UBS or its affiliates.
The Funds closing price on the NYSE on March 2, 2020 was $15.76.
Distribution Through Underwriting Syndicates
The Fund from time to time may issue additional Common Shares through a syndicated secondary offering. In order to limit the impact on the market price of the Funds Common Shares, underwriters will market and price the offering on an expedited basis (e.g., in an overnight or similarly abbreviated offering period). The Fund will launch a syndicated offering on a day, and upon terms, mutually agreed upon between the Fund, Nuveen Securities, one of the Funds underwriters, and the underwriting syndicate.
51
The Fund will offer its shares at a price equal to a specified discount of up to 5% from the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. The applicable discount will be negotiated by the Fund and Nuveen Securities in consultation with the underwriting syndicate on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The Fund will compensate the underwriting syndicate out of the proceeds of the offering based upon a sales load of up to 4% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. The minimum net proceeds per share to the Fund will not be less than the greater of (i) the Funds latest NAV per Common Share or (ii) 91% of the closing market price of the shares of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date.
Distribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions
The Fund from time to time may sell directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional and other sophisticated investors, who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the 1933 Act for any resale of Common Shares. No sales commission or other compensation will be paid to Nuveen Securities or any other FINRA member in connection with such transactions.
The terms of such privately negotiated transactions will be subject to the discretion of the management of the Fund. In determining whether to sell Common Shares through a privately negotiated transaction, the Fund will consider relevant factors including, but not limited to, the attractiveness of obtaining additional funds through the sale of Common Shares, the purchase price to apply to any such sale of Common Shares and the person seeking to purchase Common Shares.
Common Shares issued by the Fund through privately negotiated transactions will be issued at a price equal to the greater of (i) the NAV per share of the Funds Common Shares or (ii) at a discount ranging from 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the two business days preceding the date upon which Common Shares are sold pursuant to the privately negotiated transaction. The applicable discount will be determined by the Fund on a transaction-by-transaction basis.
The principal business address of Nuveen Securities is 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
Common Shares
The Declaration of Trust (the Declaration) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The Common Shares being offered have a par value of $0.01 per share and, subject to the rights of holders of Preferred Shares, if issued, and borrowings, if incurred have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation of the Fund. The Common Shares being offered will, when issued, be fully paid and, subject to matters discussed under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, non-assessable, and will have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting. Each Common Share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, and will vote together as a single class. Whenever the fund incurs borrowings and/or Preferred Shares are outstanding, Common Shareholders will not be entitled to receive any cash distributions from the Fund unless all interest on such borrowings has been paid and all accrued dividends on Preferred Shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to any borrowings would be at least 300% after giving effect to the distributions and asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to Preferred Shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions. See Preferred Shares below.
The Common Shares are listed on the NYSE and trade under the ticker symbol NKX. The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such listing. The Fund will not issue share certificates.
52
Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may conveniently do so by trading on the exchange through a broker or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than NAV. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and have during other periods traded at prices lower than NAV.
Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), call protection, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, NAV, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot guarantee you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than NAV in the future. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Preferred Shares
The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Preferred Shares in one or more classes or series, with rights as determined by the Board without the approval of holders of Common Shares. The Executive Committee of the Board, acting pursuant to authority delegated to it by the full Board, has authorized and the Fund has outstanding 2,922 VRDP Shares and 1,404 MFP Shares, as of January 31, 2020. The decision to issue additional Preferred Shares is subject to market conditions and to the Boards belief that leveraging the Funds capital structure through the issuance of Preferred Shares is likely to achieve the benefits to the Common Shareholders described in the Prospectus.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue senior securities that are Preferred Shares if, immediately after the issuance of Preferred Shares, the asset coverage ratio with respect to such shares would be less than 200%. See Leverage. Additionally, the Fund will generally not be permitted to purchase any of its Common Shares or declare dividends (except a dividend payable in Common Shares) or other distributions on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such purchase or declaration, the asset coverage ratio with respect to such Preferred Shares, after taking into account such purchase or distribution, is at least 200%.
Distribution Preference. Preferred Shares have complete priority over Common Shares as to distribution of assets.
Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Fund, holders of Preferred Shares would be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not earned or declared) before any distribution of assets is made to Common Shareholders.
Voting Rights. Preferred Shares are required to be voting shares and to have equal voting rights with Common Shares. Except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus or the SAI and except as otherwise required by applicable law, Preferred Shares would vote together with Common Shareholders as a single class.
Holders of Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Funds trustees (following the establishment of the Fund by an initial trustee, the Declaration provides for a total of no less than two and no more than 12 trustees). The remaining trustees will be elected by Common Shareholders and holders of Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. In the unlikely event that two full years of accrued dividends are unpaid on the Preferred Shares the holders of all outstanding Preferred Shares voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect a majority of the Funds trustees until all dividends in arrears have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In order for the Fund to take certain actions or enter into certain transactions, a separate class vote of holders of Preferred Shares would be required, in addition to the single class vote of the holders of Preferred Shares, and Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.
53
Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares. The terms of any Preferred Share offering provides that they may be redeemed by the issuer at certain times, in whole or in part, at the original purchase price per share plus accumulated dividends. Any redemption or purchase of Preferred Shares by the Fund will reduce the leverage applicable to Common Shares, while any issuance of shares by the Fund would increase such leverage.
The Fund applied for and obtained ratings for its Preferred Shares from two NRSROs. As long as Preferred Shares are outstanding, the composition of the Funds portfolio would reflect guidelines established by such NRSROs. Based on previous guidelines established by such NRSROs for the securities of other issuers, the Fund anticipates that the guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. However, at this time, no assurance can be given as to the nature or extent of the guidelines that may be imposed in connection with obtaining a rating of any Preferred Shares.
The provisions of the Declaration described above could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a third party. They provide, however, the advantage of potentially requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid and facilitating the continuity of the Funds investment objectives and policies. The Board of the Fund has considered the foregoing anti-takeover provisions and concluded that they are in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST AND BY-LAWS
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for debts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such limited liability be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the trustees. The Declaration further provides for indemnification out of the assets and property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The Fund believes that the likelihood of such circumstances is remote.
The Declaration provides that the Funds obligations are not binding upon the Funds trustees individually, but only upon the Funds assets and property, and that the trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Nothing in the Declaration, however, protects a trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. The Declaration and By-Laws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. The By-Laws require the Board be divided into three classes with staggered terms. See Management of the Fund in this SAI. This provision of the By-Laws could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. If Preferred Shares are issued, holders of Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Funds trustees. In addition, the Declaration requires a vote by holders of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, except as described below, to authorize (1) a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, (2) a merger or consolidation of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or a reorganization of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, (3) a sale, lease or transfer of all or substantially all of the Funds assets (other than in the regular course of the Funds investment activities), (4) in certain
54
circumstances, a termination of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund or (5) removal of trustees by shareholders (except at the end of a trustees term), and then only for cause, unless, with respect to (1) through (4), such transaction has already been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, in which case the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds Common Shares and Preferred Shares, outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, is required, provided, however, that where only a particular class or series is affected (or, in the case of removing a trustee, when the trustee has been elected by only one class), the required vote only by the applicable class or series will be required. Approval of shareholders is not required, however, for any transaction, whether deemed a merger, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise whereby the Fund issues shares in connection with the acquisition of assets (including those subject to liabilities) from any other investment company or similar entity. In the case of the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company, or in the case of any of the foregoing transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of Preferred Shares the action in question will also require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, or, if such action has been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class. None of the foregoing provisions may be amended except by the vote of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a single class. The votes required to approve the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company or to approve transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of Preferred Shares are higher than those required by the 1940 Act. The Board believes that the provisions of the Declaration relating to such higher votes are in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Note, the Funds staggered Board could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. Reference should be made to the Declaration on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.
The Declaration provides that the obligations of the Fund are not binding upon the trustees of the Fund individually, but only upon the assets and property of the Fund, and that the trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Nothing in the Declaration, however, protects a trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
REPURCHASE OF FUND SHARES; CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including distribution levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), NAV, call protection, distribution stability, portfolio credit quality relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors. Because shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than NAV, the Funds Board has currently determined that, at least annually, it will consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from NAV in respect of common shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares at NAV, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. There can be no assurance, however, that the Board will decide to take any of these actions, or that share repurchases or tender offers, if undertaken, will reduce market discount. On August 9, 2019, the Funds Board renewed the Funds open market share repurchase program under which the Fund may repurchase up to 10% of its Common Shares. Since the inception of the Funds share repurchase program through March 2, 2020, the Fund has repurchased 230,000 Common shares under the program.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time if the Fund has Preferred Shares outstanding the Fund may not purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its Common Shares unless (1) all accrued Preferred Shares dividends have been paid and (2) at the time of such purchase, redemption or acquisition, the NAV of the
55
Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the acquisition price of Common Shares) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding Preferred Shares (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon). The staff of the SEC currently requires that any tender offer made by a closed-end investment company for its shares must be at a price equal to the NAV of such shares at the close of business on the last day of the tender offer. Any service fees incurred in connection with any tender offer made by the Fund will be borne by the Fund and will not reduce the stated consideration to be paid to tendering shareholders.
Subject to its investment limitations, the Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Fund in anticipation of share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Funds net income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board would have to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Although the decision to take action in response to a discount from NAV will be made by the Board of the Fund at the time it considers such issue, it is the Boards present policy, which may be changed by the Board, not to authorize repurchases of Common Shares or a tender offer for such shares if (1) such transactions, if consummated, would (a) result in the delisting of the Common Shares from the NYSE, or (b) impair the Funds eligibility for treatment as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code or impair the Funds status as a registered closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act; (2) the Fund would not be able to liquidate portfolio securities in an orderly manner and consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies in order to repurchase shares; or (3) there is, in the Boards judgment, any (a) material legal action or proceeding instituted or threatened challenging such transactions or otherwise materially adversely affecting the Fund, (b) general suspension of or limitation on prices for trading securities on the NYSE, (c) declaration of a banking moratorium by federal or state authorities or any suspension of payment by United States or state banks in which the Fund invests, (d) material limitation affecting the Fund or the issuers of its portfolio securities by federal or state authorities on the extension of credit by lending institutions or on the exchange of foreign currency, (e) commencement of war, armed hostilities or other international or national calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States, or (f) other event or condition which would have a material adverse effect (including any adverse tax effect) on the Fund or its shareholders if shares were repurchased. The Board of the Fund may in the future modify these conditions in light of experience.
Conversion to an open-end company would require the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Common Shares and Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, and of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Preferred Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, provided however, that such separate class vote shall be a majority vote if the action in question has previously been approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or By-Laws. See the Prospectus under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust for a discussion of voting requirements applicable to conversion of the Fund to an open-end company. If the Fund converted to an open-end company, it would be required to redeem all Preferred Shares then outstanding, and the Funds common shares would no longer be listed on the NYSE. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares on any business day (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their NAV, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares. Open-end companies are thus subject to periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate portfolio management. The Board of the Fund may at any time propose conversion of the Fund to an open-end company depending upon their judgment as to the advisability of such action in light of circumstances then prevailing.
The repurchase by the Fund of its shares at prices below NAV would result in an increase in the NAV of those shares that remain outstanding. However, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tenders at or
56
below NAV would result in the Funds shares trading at a price equal to their NAV. Nevertheless, the fact that the Funds shares may be the subject of repurchase or tender offers at NAV from time to time, or that the Fund may be converted to an open-end company, may reduce any spread between market price and NAV that might otherwise exist.
In addition, a purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares would decrease the Funds total assets which would likely have the effect of increasing the Funds expense ratio. Any purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares at a time when Preferred Shares are outstanding will increase the leverage applicable to the outstanding Common Shares then remaining.
Before deciding whether to take any action if the Funds Common Shares trade below NAV, the Board of the Fund would consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Funds portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Funds shares should trade at a discount, the Board may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken.
The following is intended to be a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing, holding and disposing of Common Shares of the Fund. It is not intended to be a complete discussion of all such federal income tax consequences, nor does it purport to deal with all categories of investors (including investors in Common Shares with large positions in the Fund). Investors are advised to consult with their own tax advisors before investing in the Fund.
The Tax Act made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and only apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. There are only minor changes with respect to the specific rules applicable to a RIC, such as the Fund. The Tax Act, however, made numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Fund. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Fund.
The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. The Fund also intends to satisfy conditions under which dividends on Common Shares attributable to interest on municipal securities (as defined above) are exempt from federal income tax in the hands of owners of such stock.
To qualify under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things: (a) distribute to its shareholders each year at least 90% of the sum of (i) its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and (ii) its net tax-exempt income (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest income over certain disallowed deductions) (b) derive at least 90% of its gross income (including income on municipal securities exempt from regular federal income tax) for each taxable year from dividends, interest (including interest income on municipal securities exempt from regular federal income tax), payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code), and (c) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with these other securities limited, with respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the Funds total
57
assets, and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the market value of the Funds assets is invested, including through companies in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs), the securities of two or more issuers (other than securities of other RICs) controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. To meet these requirements, the Fund may need to restrict its use of certain of the investment techniques described under Investment Policies and Techniques and Other Investment Policies and Techniques above.
If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions are not available to the Fund and it fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, the Fund will be taxable at the regular corporate tax rate (which the Tax Act reduced to 21%). In such an event, all distributions (including capital gains distributions and distributions derived from interest on municipal securities) will be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, subject to the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders and to the tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income distributed to individuals. Distributions in excess of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the holders adjusted tax basis in the shares (reducing that basis accordingly), and any remaining distributions would generally be treated as a capital gain. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. In addition, if the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on certain net built-in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year.
A RIC that fails to distribute, by the close of each calendar year, an amount at least equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary taxable income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 in such year, plus any shortfalls from the prior years required distribution, is liable for a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on the excess of the required distribution for such calendar year over the distributed amount for such calendar year. To avoid the imposition of this excise tax, the Fund generally intends to make the required distributions of its ordinary taxable income, if any, and its capital gain net income, to the extent possible, by the close of each calendar year.
Certain minimum NAV coverage limitations on distributions made with respect to Common Shares may under certain circumstances impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for treatment as a RIC or to pay distributions sufficient to avoid the imposition of the 4% federal excise tax.
As described in Distributions above, the Fund may retain for investment or otherwise use some (or all) of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain or taxable net investment income, it will be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who, if subject to federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount; (ii) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount and will be entitled to credit that amount of tax against their federal income tax liabilities, if any; and (iii) will be entitled to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the
58
Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder.
The Fund intends to qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, to its Common Shares by satisfying the requirement that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of municipal securities. Exempt-interest dividends are dividends or any part thereof (other than a capital gain dividend) paid by the Fund which are attributable to interest on municipal securities and which are so reported by the Fund. Exempt-interest dividends will be exempt from federal income tax, subject to the possible application of the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. Under the Tax Act, interest paid on a municipal bond issued after December 31, 2017 to advance or refund another municipal bond is subject to federal income tax. Insurance proceeds received by the Fund under any insurance policies in respect of scheduled interest payments on defaulted municipal bonds, as described herein, will generally be correspondingly excludable from federal gross income. In the case of non-appropriation by a political subdivision, however, there can be no assurance that payments made by the issuer representing interest on municipal lease obligations will be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes. See Investment Policies and Techniques above. Any gains of the Fund that are attributable to market discount on municipal securities are treated as ordinary income to the extent of accrued market discount on those securities.
A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for U.S. federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a surviving spouse for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholders net investment income, but exempt-interest dividends are not taken into account.
A portion of the Funds expenditures that would otherwise be deductible may not be allowed as deductions by reason of the Funds investment in municipal securities (such disallowed portion, in general, being the same percentage of the Funds aggregate expenses as the percentage of the Funds aggregate gross income that constitutes exempt interest income from municipal securities). A similar disallowance rule also applies to interest expense paid or incurred by the Fund, if any. Any such disallowed deductions will offset the Funds gross exempt-interest income for purposes of calculating the dividends that the Fund can report as exempt-interest dividends. Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry the Funds shares is not deductible to the extent the interest relates to exempt-interest dividends. Under rules used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for determining when borrowed funds are considered used for the purpose of purchasing or carrying particular assets, the purchase or ownership of shares may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not directly used for the purchase or ownership of such shares.
Distributions to shareholders of net investment income received by the Fund from taxable investments, if any, including temporary taxable investments, and of net short-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions by the Fund of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, are taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shareholder has owned the shares with respect to which such distributions are made. The amount of taxable income allocable to the Funds shares will depend upon the amount of such income realized by the Fund. Distributions of taxable income, if any, in excess of the Funds earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a shareholders shares and, after that basis has been reduced to zero, will constitute capital gain to the shareholder (assuming the shares are held as capital assets). As long as the Fund qualifies as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code, it is not expected that any part of its distributions to shareholders from its investments will qualify for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders or as qualified dividend income taxable to non-corporate shareholders at reduced rates.
59
The IRS requires the Fund to report distributions paid with respect to its Common Shares and its Preferred Shares as consisting of a portion of each type of income distributed by the Fund. The portion of each type of income deemed received by the holders of each class of shares will be equal to the portion of total Fund dividends received by such class. Thus, the Fund will report dividends paid as exempt-interest dividends in a manner that allocates such dividends between the holders of Common Shares and the Preferred Shares, in proportion to the total dividends paid to each such class during or with respect to the taxable year, or otherwise as required by applicable law. Capital gain dividends and ordinary income dividends will also be allocated between the two classes under these rules.
The interest on private activity bonds in most instances is not federally tax-exempt to a person who is a substantial user of a facility financed by such bonds or a related person of such substantial user. As a result, the Fund may not be an appropriate investment for a shareholder who is considered either a substantial user or a related person within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, a substantial user of a facility includes a nonexempt person who regularly uses a part of such facility in his trade or business. Related persons are in general defined to include persons among whom there exists a relationship, either by family or business, which would result in a disallowance of losses in transactions among them under various provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (or if they are members of the same controlled group of corporations under the Internal Revenue Code), including a partnership and each of its partners (and certain members of their families), an S corporation and each of its shareholders (and certain members of their families) and various combinations of these and other relationships. The foregoing is not a complete description of all of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code covering the definitions of substantial user and related person.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, dividends declared in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in one of those months and paid during the following January, will be treated as having been distributed by the Fund (and received by the shareholders) on December 31 of the year declared. The U.S. federal income tax status of all distributions will be reported to shareholders annually.
The Fund expects that under normal circumstances it will not invest in municipal securities the interest on which is subject to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals.
The Tax Act repealed the federal alternative minimum tax for corporations for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Tax-exempt income, including exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund, is taken into account in calculating the amount of social security and railroad retirement benefits that may be subject to federal income tax.
If the Fund invests in certain pay-in-kind securities, zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the Fund generally must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, the Fund must distribute to its shareholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), including such accrued income, to qualify to be treated as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes.
Certain of the Funds investment practices are subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that, among other things, may affect the Funds ability to qualify as a RIC, defer the use of certain deductions or losses of the Fund, affect the holding period of securities held by the Fund, and alter the character of the gains or losses realized by the Fund. These provisions may also require the Fund to recognize income or gain without receiving cash with which to make distributions in the amounts necessary to satisfy the requirements for maintaining RIC status and for avoiding income and excise taxes. The Fund will monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC.
60
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against a RICs net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to offset capital gains in future years. The Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any taxable year that began on or before December 22, 2010 to offset its capital gains, if any, for up to eight years following the year of the loss. The Fund is permitted to carry forward indefinitely a net capital loss from any taxable year that began after December 22, 2010 to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to shareholders. Carryforwards of losses from taxable years that began after December 22, 2010 must be fully utilized before the Fund may utilize carryforwards of losses from taxable years that began on or before December 22, 2010. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may elect to treat certain losses as though they were incurred on the first day of the taxable year immediately following the taxable year in which they were actually incurred.
As of February 28, 2019, the Funds tax year end, the Fund had unused capital loss carryforwards available for federal tax purposes in the amount of:
Not subject to expiration |
$ | 4,578,985 | ||
|
|
The repurchase, sale or exchange of Common Shares normally will result in capital gain or loss to holders of Common Shares who hold their shares as capital assets. Generally a shareholders gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year even though the increase in value in such common shares may be at least partly attributable to tax-exempt interest income. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the same rates applicable to ordinary income. For non-corporate taxpayers, however, long-term capital gains are taxed at rates of up to 20%. Short-term capital gains and other ordinary income are taxed to non-corporate shareholders at ordinary income rates. If a shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of Common Shares before holding them for six months, any loss on the sale or disposition will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the Common Shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amount credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gain). Any loss realized by a shareholder on the disposition of shares held for six months or less is disallowed to the extent of the amount of exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder with respect to Common Shares. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed to the extent those shares of the Fund are replaced (including, without limitation, under the Plan) by substantially identical shares of the Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition of the original shares, or to the extent the shareholder enters into a contract or option to repurchase shares within such period. In that event, the basis of the replacement shares of the Fund will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the Plan and gives written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information you may need for tax records. Upon a repurchase of your shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) may be required to report to the IRS and furnish to you cost basis and holding period information for the Funds shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (covered shares).
For shares of the Fund held in the Plan, you are permitted to elect from among several permitted cost basis methods. In the absence of an election, the Plan will use first-in first-out (FIFO) methodology for tracking and reporting your cost basis on covered shares as its default cost basis method. The cost basis method you use may not be changed with respect to a repurchase of shares after the settlement date of the repurchase. You should consult with your tax advisors to determine the best permitted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting rules apply to you.
61
The Fund is required in certain circumstances to withhold (as backup withholding) a portion of dividends (including exempt-interest dividends) and certain other payments paid to certain holders of the Funds shares who do not furnish to the Fund their correct taxpayer identification numbers (in the case of individuals, their social security numbers) and certain certifications, or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding rate is 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to a shareholder may be refunded or credited against such shareholders federal income tax liability, provided the required information and forms are timely furnished to the IRS.
The Code provides that every shareholder required to file a tax return must include for information purposes on such return the amount of tax-exempt interest received during the taxable year, including any exempt-interest dividends received from the Fund.
The description of certain federal tax provisions above relates only to U.S. federal income tax consequences for shareholders who are U.S. persons, i.e., generally, U.S. citizens or residents or U.S. corporations, partnerships, trusts or estates, and who are subject to U.S. federal income tax and hold their shares as capital assets. Except as otherwise provided, this description does not address the special tax rules that may be applicable to particular types of investors, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, securities dealers, other RICs, or tax-exempt or tax-deferred plans, accounts or entities. Investors that are not U.S. persons may be subject to different U.S. federal income tax treatment, including a non-resident alien U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% or any lower applicable treaty rate on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from the Fund (other than certain dividends reported by the Fund as (i) interest-related dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Funds qualified net-interest income, or (ii) short-term capital gain dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Funds qualified short-term gain) or, in certain circumstances, unless an effective IRS Form W-8BEN or other authorized withholding certificate is on file, to backup withholding on certain other payments from the Fund. Qualified net interest income is the Funds net income derived from U.S.-source interest and OID, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. Qualified short-term gain generally means the excess of net short-term capital gain of the Fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.
Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold Fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to Fund distributions payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement. Exempt-interest dividends may be exempt from this withholding tax.
The foregoing is a general summary of certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and regulations thereunder presently in effect as they directly govern the federal income taxation of the Fund and its shareholders. These provisions are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive. Moreover, the foregoing does not address many of the factors that may be determinative of whether an investor will be liable for the alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. Stockholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors for more detailed information concerning the federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of Fund shares.
CALIFORNIA TAX MATTERS
The Funds regular monthly dividends will not be subject to California personal income tax to the extent they are paid out of income earned on obligations that, when held by individuals, pay interest that is exempt from taxation by California under California law (e.g., obligations of California and its political subdivisions) or federal law, so long as at the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets consists of such obligations and the Fund designates such tax-exempt distributions pursuant to
62
certain written notice requirements to its shareholders. The portion of the Funds monthly dividends that is attributable to income other than as described in the preceding sentence will be subject to the California income tax. The Fund expects to earn no or only a minimal amount of such non-exempt income. If you are an individual California resident, you will be subject to California personal income tax to the extent the Fund distributes any realized capital gains, or if you sell or exchange shares and realize a capital gain on the transaction.
OTHER STATE AND LOCAL TAX MATTERS
While exempt-interest dividends are exempt from regular federal and California income taxes, they may not be exempt from other state or local income or other taxes. Some states exempt from state income tax that portion of any exempt-interest dividend that is derived from interest a RIC receives on its holdings of securities of that state and its political subdivisions and instrumentalities. Therefore, the Fund will report annually to its shareholders the percentage of interest income the Fund earned during the preceding year on tax-exempt obligations and the Fund will indicate, on a state-by-state basis, the source of this income. Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors for more detailed information concerning California tax matters or the tax laws of their state and locality of residence. Please refer to the SAI for more detailed information.
The Financial Statements and the independent registered public accounting firms report thereon, appearing in the Funds annual shareholder report for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference in this SAI. The information with respect to the six months ended August 31, 2019 is unaudited and is included in the Funds 2019 Semi-Annual Report, which also is incorporated herein by reference. The Funds annual report may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 257-8787.
The custodian of the Funds assets is State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (the Custodian). The Custodian performs custodial, fund accounting and portfolio accounting services. The Funds transfer, shareholder services and dividend paying agent is Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. The Computershare is located at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP (KPMG), an independent registered public accounting firm, provides auditing services to the Fund. The principal business address of KPMG is 200 East Randolph Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601.
Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Washington, D.C.
63
A Registration Statement on Form N-2, including amendments thereto, relating to the shares of the Fund offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC, Washington, D.C. The Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the shares offered hereby, reference is made to the Funds Registration Statement. Copies of the Registration Statement may be inspected without charge at the SECs principal office in Washington, D.C. and copies of all or any part thereof may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC.
64
Ratings of Investments
S&P Global Ratings
The following rating definitions are for long-term and short-term credit ratings for both issuer and issue ratings. These types of credit ratings cover the broadest set of credit risk factors and are not limited in scope. Some refer to these as the traditional credit ratings.
A. Issue Credit Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings view of the obligors capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS
Long-term issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings analysis of the following considerations:
The likelihood of paymentthe capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise we impute; and
The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors rights.
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA
An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA
An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A-1
A
An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB
An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB
An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B
An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC
An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC
An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C
An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D
An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon
A-2
the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
NR
This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P Global Ratings does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Plus (+) or minus (-)
The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1
A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2
A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3
A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B
A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C
A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D
A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
A-3
Dual Ratings
Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, AAA/A-1+ or A-1+/A-1). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, SP-1+/A-1+).
For more information on S&P Global Ratings, please visit www.standardandpoors.com.
Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
A brief description of the applicable Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moodys) follows:
Municipal Bonds
Aaa
Bonds that are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt edged. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa
Bonds mat are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present mat make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A
Bonds that are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa
Bonds that are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba
Bonds that are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
A-4
B
Bonds that are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa
Bonds that are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca
Bonds that are rated Ca represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C
Bonds that are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor Prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
#(hatchmark): Represents issues that are secured by escrowed funds held in cash, held in trust, invested and reinvested in direct, non-callable, non-prepayable United States government obligations or non-callable, non-prepayable obligations unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. Government, Resolution Funding Corporation debt obligations.
Con. (...): Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operation experience, (c) rentals that begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting condition attaches. The parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of the basis of the condition.
(P): When applied to forward delivery bonds, indicates the rating is provisional pending delivery of the bonds. The rating may be revised prior to delivery if changes occur in the legal documents or the underlying credit quality of the bonds.
Note: Moodys applies numerical modifiers 1,2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates mat the issue ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Short-Term Loans
MIG 1/VMIG 1
This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2/VMIG 2
This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
A-5
MIG 3/VMIG 3
This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
MIG 4/VMIG 4
This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.
SG
This designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection.
Commercial Paper
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
|
Leading market positions in well-established industries. |
|
High rates of return on funds employed. |
|
Conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection. |
|
Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation. |
|
Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity. |
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation than is the case for Prime-2 securities. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the requirement for relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
For more information on Moodys Investors Service, Inc., please visit www.moodys.com.
Fitch Ratings
A brief description of the applicable Fitch Ratings (Fitch) ratings symbols and meanings (as published by Fitch) follows:
Long-Term Credit Ratings
Investment Grade
AAA
Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
A-6
AA
Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A
High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB
Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB
Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B
Highly Speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC
Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility.
CC
Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C
Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a C category rating for an issuer include:
a. |
the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; |
b. |
the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; |
c. |
the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange; |
d. |
a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent. |
A-7
RD
Restricted default. RD ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitchs opinion has experienced:
a. |
an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but |
b. |
has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and |
c. |
has not otherwise ceased operating. |
This would include:
i. |
the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; |
ii. |
the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; |
iii. |
the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. |
D
Default. D ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitchs opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agencys opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuers financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Short-Term Credit Ratings
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
Fl
Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2
Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3
Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
A-8
B
Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C
High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD
Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D
Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Notes to Long-term and Short-term ratings:
+ or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA Long-term rating category, to categories below CCC, or to Short-term ratings other than FT.
NR indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.
Withdrawn: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced.
Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as Positive, indicating a potential upgrade, Negative, for a potential downgrade, or Evolving, if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.
A Rating Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable, or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are stable could be downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.
For more information about Fitch, Inc., please visit www.fitchratings.com.
A-9
DERIVATIVE STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Set forth below is additional information regarding the various techniques involving the use of derivatives.
FINANCIAL FUTURES
A financial future is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security for a set price on a future date. They have been designed by boards of trade which have been designated contracts markets by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
The purchase of financial futures is for the purpose of hedging the Funds existing or anticipated holdings of long-term debt securities. For example, if the Fund desires to increase its exposure to long-term bonds and has identified long-term bonds it wishes to purchase at a future time, but expects market interest rates to decline (thereby causing the value of those bonds to increase), it might purchase financial futures. If interest rates did decrease, the value of those to-be-purchased long-term bonds would increase, but the value of the Funds financial futures would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate, thereby helping maintain the Funds purchasing power. When the Fund purchases a financial future, it deposits in cash or securities an initial margin, typically equal to an amount between 1% and 5% of the contract amount. Thereafter, the Funds account is either credited or debited on a daily basis in correlation with the fluctuation in price of the underlying future or other requirements imposed by the exchange in order to maintain an orderly market. The Fund must make additional payments to cover debits to its account and has the right to withdraw credits in excess of the liquidity, the Fund may close out its position at any time prior to expiration of the financial future by taking an opposite position. At closing a final determination of debits and credits is made, additional cash is paid by or to the Fund to settle the final determination and the Fund realizes a loss or gain depending on whether on a net basis it made or received such payments.
The sale of financial futures is for the purpose of hedging the Funds existing or anticipated holdings of long-term debt securities. For example, if the Fund owns long-term bonds and market interest rates were expected to increase (causing those bonds values to decline), it might sell financial futures. If interest rates did increase, the value of long-term bonds in the Funds portfolio would decline, but the value of the Funds financial futures would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have.
Among the risks associated with the use of financial futures by the Fund as a hedging or anticipatory device, perhaps the most significant is the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the financial futures and movements in the price of the debt securities which are the subject of the hedge.
Thus, if the price of the financial future moves less or more than the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective. To compensate for this imperfect correlation, the Fund may enter into financial futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities has been greater than the historical volatility of the financial futures. Conversely, the Fund may enter into fewer financial futures if the historical volatility of the price of the securities being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the financial futures.
The market prices of financial futures may also be affected by factors other than interest rates. One of these factors is the possibility that rapid changes in the volume of closing transactions, whether due to volatile markets or movements by speculators, would temporarily distort the normal relationship between the markets in the financial future and the chosen debt securities. In these circumstances as well as in periods of rapid and large price movements. The Fund might find it difficult or impossible to close out a particular transaction.
B-1
OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES
The Fund may also purchase put or call options on financial futures which are traded on a U.S. Exchange or board of trade and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing position. The purchase of put options on financial futures is analogous to the purchase of put options by the Fund on its portfolio securities to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates. As with options on debt securities, the holder of an option may terminate his position by selling an option of the Fund. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
INDEX CONTRACTS
INDEX FUTURES
A tax-exempt bond index which assigns relative values to the tax-exempt bonds included in the index is traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. The index fluctuates with changes in the market values of all tax-exempt bonds included rather than a single bond. An index future is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash-rather than any security-equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index future was originally written. Thus, an index future is similar to traditional financial futures except that settlement is made in cash.
INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may also purchase put or call options on U.S. Government or tax-exempt bond index futures and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing position. Options on index futures are similar to options on debt instruments except that an option on an index future gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index contract rather than an underlying security at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance of the writers futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at exercise, is less than the exercise price of the option on the index future.
Bond index futures and options transactions would be subject to risks similar to transactions in financial futures and options thereon as described above.
SWAP AGREEMENTS
Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors, typically for periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are calculated with respect to a notional amount (the amount or value of the underlying asset used in computing the particular interest rate, return, or other amount to be exchanged) of a particular security, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. Swap agreements may include, by way of example, (i) interest rate swaps, in which one party exchanges a commitment to pay a floating, shorter-term interest rate (typically by reference to the rate of a specific security or index) for the other partys commitment to pay a fixed, longer-term interest rate (either as specifically agreed, or by reference to a specified security or index); (ii) interest rate caps, in which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate or cap; (iii) interest rate floors, in which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified level or floor; (iv) interest rate collars, in which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor, or vice versa, in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels or collar amounts; (v) total return swaps, in which one party commits to pay the total return of an underlying security or asset in return for receiving from the other party a
B-2
specified return or the return of another instrument (typically a floating short-term interest rate), and (vi) credit default swap, in which the buyer pays a periodic fee in return for a contingent payment by the seller upon a credit event (such as a default) happening with respect to a specified instrument, typically in an amount equivalent to the loss incurred on a specific investment in that security due to the credit event.
A Fund may enter into such swap agreements for any purpose consistent with the Funds investment objective, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain, enhance, or preserve a particular desired return or spread at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return or spread. The Fund also may enter into swaps in order to protect against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date.
Whether the Funds use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend, in part, on the ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments and the changes in the future values, indices, or rates covered by the swap agreement. Swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter swap agreements only with counterparties that Nuveen Fund Advisors reasonably believes are capable of performing under the swap agreements. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have to rely on its contractual remedies (which may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws) pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. Certain restrictions imposed on the Fund by the Code of 1986 may limit the Funds ability to use swap agreements. The swap market is largely unregulated.
B-3
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[ ], 2020
PART COTHER INFORMATION
Item 25: Financial Statements and Exhibits.
1. | Financial Statements: | |||
Contained in Part A: | ||||
Financial Highlights for the Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (the Fund or the Registrant) for the fiscal period ended August 31, 2019 (unaudited) and fiscal years ended February 28/29, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010. | ||||
Contained in Part B: | ||||
Financial Statements are incorporated in Part B by reference to the Registrants February 28, 2019 Annual Report (audited) on Form N-CSR, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) via EDGAR Accession No. 0000891804-19-000167 on May 7, 2019 and to the Registrants August 31, 2019 Semi-Annual Report (unaudited) on Form N-CSR, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001528621-19-002650 on November 7, 2019. | ||||
2. | Exhibits: | |||
a.1 | Registrants Declaration of Trust dated July 29, 2002. Filed on October 4, 2002 as Exhibit a to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-100323) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
a.2 | Registrants Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated July 29, 2002, as amended and restated July 17, 2008. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit a.2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
a.3 | Certificate of Name Change Amendment to Declaration of Trust of Nuveen California AMT-Free Municipal Income Fund dated December 28, 2016. Filed on November 16, 2017 as Exhibit a.3 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
a.4 | Amended and Restated Statement Establishing and Fixing the Rights and Preferences of Series 2 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, effective May 7, 2012. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit a.3 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
a.5 | Statement Establishing and Fixing the Rights and Preferences of Series 3 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, effective May 7, 2012. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit a.4 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
a.6 | Statement Establishing and Fixing the Rights and Preferences of Series 4 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, effective May 7, 2012. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit a.5 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
a.7 | Statement Establishing and Fixing the Rights and Preferences of Series 5 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, effective May 7, 2012. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit a.6 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
b. | Registrants By-Laws (Amended and Restated as of November 18, 2009). Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit b. to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
c. | Not applicable. | |||
d. | Not applicable. | |||
e. | Terms and Conditions of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit e. to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
f. | Not applicable. |
1
g.1 | Investment Management Agreement dated November 13, 2007 between the Registrant and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit g.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
g.2 |
Continuance of Investment Management Agreement between the Nuveen Closed-End Funds and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC dated July 30, 2019.* |
|||
g.3 | Sub-Advisory Agreement dated December 31, 2010 between Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC. Filed on November 15, 2012 as Exhibit g.2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
g.4. | Notice of Continuance of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreements between Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC dated July 24, 2019.* | |||
h.1 |
Distribution Agreement relating to At-the-Market Offerings dated June 1, 2018 between the Registrant and Nuveen Securities, LLC.* |
|||
h.2 |
Dealer Agreement relating to At-the-Market Offerings dated June 1, 2018 between Nuveen Securities, LLC and UBS Securities LLC.* |
|||
i. | Nuveen Open-End and Closed-End Funds Deferred Compensation Plan for Independent Directors and Trustees (Restated effective April 27, 2017). Filed on November 16, 2017 as Exhibit i. to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
j.1 | Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated July 15, 2015. Filed on November 16, 2017 as Exhibit j.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
j.2 |
Appendix A, dated August 1, 2017, to the Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated July 15, 2015. Filed on November 16, 2017 as Exhibit j.2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|||
k.1 |
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated June 15, 2017 between the Registrant and ComputerShare Inc. and ComputerShare Trust Company, N.A. Filed on November 16, 2017 as Exhibit k.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|||
k.2 | Schedule A, dated September 7, 2017, to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated July 15, 2017 between the Registrant and Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. Filed on November 16, 2017 as Exhibit k.2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-184971) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
k.3 | Auction Agency Agreement (Basic Terms for Acting as Auction Agent) dated November 1, 1993, relating to Municipal Auction Rate Cumulative Preferred Shares of the Fund. Filed on January 8, 2003 as Exhibit k.3 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-100874) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
k.4 | Nuveen Broker-Dealer Agreement (Basic Terms for Acting as a Broker-Dealer) dated December 14, 1993, relating to Municipal Auction Rate Cumulative Preferred Shares of the Fund. Filed on January 8, 2003 as Exhibit k.4 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-100874) and incorporated herein by reference. | |||
l.1 | Consent of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP.* | |||
l.2 | Opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP.* | |||
m. | Not applicable. | |||
n. | Consent of KPMG LLP.* | |||
o | Not applicable. | |||
p. | Subscription Agreement dated November 4, 2002 between the Registrant and Nuveen Advisory Corp. (now, Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC). Filed on November 20, 2002 as Exhibit p. to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-100323) and incorporated here by reference. |
2
q. | Not applicable. | |||
r.1 |
Code of Ethics and Reporting Requirements of Nuveen (including affiliated entities) and the Nuveen Funds, as amended August 26, 2019.* |
|||
r.2 |
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of Nuveen Funds, as amended May 23, 2019.* |
|||
s. | Powers of Attorney dated October 11, 2018.* |
* |
Filed herewith. |
Item 26: Marketing Arrangements.
See the Distribution Agreement and Dealer Agreement filed as Exhibits h.1 and h.2 respectively, to this Registration Statement.
Item 27: Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
Printing and Engraving Fees | $ | 62,000 | ||
Legal Fees | 75,000 | |||
Accounting Fees | 5,500 | |||
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Fees | 9,692 | |||
Stock Exchange Listing Fees | 14,350 | |||
Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fees | 8,387 | |||
Miscellaneous Fees | 10,071 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 185,000 | ||
|
|
Item 28: Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant.
Not applicable.
Item 29: Number of Holders of Securities.
As of January 31, 2020:
Title of Class |
Number of Record Holders | |||
Common Shares, $0.01 par value | 11,743 | |||
Preferred Shares, $0.01 par value | 12 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
11,755 | |||
|
|
Item 30: Indemnification.
Section 4 of Article XII of the Registrants Declaration of Trust provides as follows:
Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in this Section 4, every person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, including persons who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers, employees or agents of another organization in which the Trust has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a Covered Person), shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being or having been such a Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof.
3
No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person:
(a) against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of a final adjudication by the court or other body before which the proceeding was brought that he engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office;
(b) with respect to any matter as to which he shall have been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the Trust; or
(c) in the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication (as provided in paragraph (a) or (b)) and resulting in a payment by a Covered Person, unless there has been either a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition or a reasonable determination, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that he did not engage in such conduct:
(i) by a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter); or
(ii) by written opinion of independent legal counsel.
The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such a Covered Person and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel other than Covered Persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.
Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for indemnification under this Section 4 shall be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification under this Section 4, provided that either:
(a) such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security or the Trust shall be insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or
(b) a majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or independent legal counsel in a written opinion shall determine, based upon a review of the readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
As used in this Section 4, a Disinterested Trustee is one (x) who is not an Interested Person of the Trust (including anyone, as such Disinterested Trustee, who has been exempted from being an Interested Person by any rule, regulation or order of the Commission), and (y) against whom none of such actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending.
As used in this Section 4, the words claim, action, suit or proceeding shall apply to all claims, actions, suits, proceedings (civil, criminal, administrative or other, including appeals), actual or threatened; and the words liability and expenses shall include without limitation, attorneys fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.
The trustees and officers of the Registrant are covered by joint errors and omissions insurance policies against liability and expenses of claims of wrongful acts arising out of their position with the Registrant and other Nuveen funds, subject to such policies coverage limits, exclusions and deductibles.
Section 8 of the Underwriting Agreement to be filed as Exhibit h.1 to this Registration Statement provides for each of the parties thereto, including the Registrant and the Underwriters, to indemnify the others, their trustees, directors, certain of their officers, trustees, directors and persons who control them against certain liabilities in connection with the offering described herein, including liabilities under the federal securities laws.
4
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding (is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31: Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser.
A description of any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which the directors and officers of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (Nuveen Fund Advisors), the Funds investment adviser, who serve as officers or Trustees of the Fund have engaged during the last two years for his or her account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee appears under Management in the Statement of Additional Information. Such information for the remaining senior officers appears below:
Name and Position with Nuveen Fund Advisors |
Other Business, Profession,
Vocation or
|
|
Joseph T. Castro, Senior Managing Director |
Senior Managing Director (since 2017), Head of Compliance (since 2013) of Nuveen, LLC; Senior Managing Director (since 2017) of Nuveen Services, LLC. |
|
Erik Mogavero, Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer |
Formerly employed by Deutsche Bank (2013-2017) as Managing Director, Head of Asset Management and Wealth Management Compliance for the Americas region and Chief Compliance Officer of Deutsche Investment Management Americas. |
|
Austin P. Wachter, Managing Director and Controller |
Managing Director and Controller (since 2017) (formerly, Assistant Treasurer and Assistant Controller) of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC; Controller (since 2017) of Nuveen Investments, Inc., Nuveen Alternative Investments, LLC, Nuveen Alternatives Advisors LLC, Nuveen Finance, LLC, Nuveen Services, LLC, NWQ Investment Management Company, Santa Barbara Asset Management, LLC, Symphony Asset Management LLC and Winslow Capital Management, LLC; Controller (since 2014) of Nuveen, LLC; Controller (since 2016) formerly, Vice President and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Advisors, LLC; Controller (since 2016), formerly, Senior Director and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. |
5
Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management) serves as investment sub-adviser to the Registrant and also serves as investment sub-adviser to other open-end and closed-end funds and investment adviser to separately managed accounts. The following is a list of the remaining senior officers of Nuveen Asset Management. The principal business address of each person is 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
Name and Position with Nuveen Asset Management |
Other Business, Profession, Vocation or
|
|
William T. Huffman, President | None | |
Stuart J. Cohen, Managing Director and Head of Legal |
Managing Director and Assistant Secretary (since 2002) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Managing Director (since 2007) and Assistant Secretary (since 2003) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC. |
|
Diane S. Meggs, Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer |
Managing Director and Compliance Manager (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors. |
|
Austin P. Wachter, Managing Director and Controller |
Managing Director and Controller (since 2017) (formerly, Assistant Treasurer and Assistant Controller) of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC; Controller (since 2017) of Nuveen Investments, Inc., Nuveen Alternative Investments, LLC, Nuveen Alternatives Advisors LLC, Nuveen Finance, LLC, Nuveen Services, LLC, NWQ Investment Management Company, Santa Barbara Asset Management, LLC, Symphony Asset Management LLC and Winslow Capital Management, LLC; Controller (since 2014) of Nuveen, LLC; Controller (since 2016) formerly, Vice President and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Advisors, LLC; Controller (since 2016), formerly, Senior Director and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. |
Item 32: Location of Accounts and Records.
Nuveen Fund Advisors, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, maintains the Declaration of Trust, By-Laws, minutes of trustees and shareholders meetings, and contracts of the Registrant and all advisory material of the investment adviser. Nuveen Asset Management, in its capacity as sub-adviser, may also hold certain accounts and records of the Fund.
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, maintains all general and subsidiary ledgers, journals, trial balances, records of all portfolio purchases and sales, and all other required records not maintained by Nuveen Fund Advisors or Nuveen Asset Management.
Item 33: Management Services.
Not applicable.
Item 34: Undertakings.
1. |
Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its shares until it amends its prospectus if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus. |
2. |
Not applicable. |
3. |
Not applicable. |
6
4. |
Registrant undertakes: |
a. To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(1) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(2) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and
(3) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
b. That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; and
c. To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
d. That, for the purpose of determining liability under the 1933 Act to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or (e) under the Securities Act of 1933 as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act of 1933, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of this registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
e. That for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities:
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
(1) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act of 1933;
(2) The portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act of 1933 relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
(3) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
5. |
Registrant undertakes that: |
a. For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as a part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be a part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective; and
7
b. For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
6. |
Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information. |
8
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in this City of Chicago, and State of Illinois, on the 11th day of March, 2020.
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA AMT-FREE QUALITY
MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND |
/S/ GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN |
Gifford R. Zimmerman, Vice President and Secretary |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date |
||||||
/S/ E. SCOTT WICKERHAM E. SCOTT WICKERHAM |
Vice President and Controller (principal financial and accounting officer) |
March 11, 2020 |
||||||
/S/ CEDRIC H. ANTOSIEWICZ CEDRIC H. ANTOSIEWICZ |
Chief Administrative Officer (principal executive officer) | |||||||
TERENCE J. TOTH* | Chairman of the Board and Trustee |
ü
ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ý ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï þ |
By:* |
/S/ GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN
GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN, Attorney-in-Fact March 11, 2020 |
||||
JACK B. EVANS* | Trustee | |||||||
WILLIAM C. HUNTER* | Trustee | |||||||
ALBIN F. MOSCHNER* | Trustee | |||||||
JOHN K. NELSON* | Trustee | |||||||
JUDITH M. STOCKDALE* | Trustee | |||||||
CAROLE E. STONE* | Trustee | |||||||
MARGARET L. WOLFF* | Trustee | |||||||
ROBERT L. YOUNG* | Trustee |
* |
The original powers of attorney authorizing Gifford R. Zimmerman, among others, to execute this Registration Statement, and Amendments thereto, for the trustees of the Registrant on whose behalf this Registration Statement is filed, have been executed and filed as Exhibit s. and incorporated herein by reference. |
9
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit |
Name |
|||
EX-99.g.2 |
Continuance of Investment Management Agreement between the Nuveen Closed-End Funds and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC dated July 30, 2019 |
|||
EX-99.g.4 |
Notice of Continuance of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC dated July 24, 2019 |
|||
EX-99.h.1 | Distribution Agreement relating to At-the-Market Offerings dated June 1, 2018 between the Registrant and Nuveen Securities, LLC | |||
EX-99.h.2 | Dealer Agreement relating to At-the-Market Offerings dated June 1, 2018 between Nuveen Securities, LLC and UBS Securities LLC | |||
EX-99.l.1 |
Consent of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP |
|||
EX-99.l.2 | Opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP | |||
EX-99.n. | Consent of KPMG, LLP | |||
EX-99.r.1 |
Code of Ethics and Reporting Requirements of Nuveen (including affiliated entities) and the Nuveen Funds, as amended August 26, 2019 |
|||
EX-99.r.2 |
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of Nuveen Funds, as amended May 23, 2019 |
|||
EX-99.s. | Powers of Attorney dated October 11, 2018 |
10
CONTINUANCE OF MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS
Agreement made as of this 30th day of July 2019, by and between the entities listed on Appendix A (the Funds), and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Adviser), to be effective August 1, 2019.
WITNESSETH THAT:
WHEREAS, the parties hereto are the contracting parties under each certain Investment Management Agreement (the Agreements) pursuant to which the Adviser furnishes investment management and other services to each Fund; and
WHEREAS, each Agreement terminates August 1, 2019 unless continued in the manner required by the Investment Company Act of 1940; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors/Trustees, at meetings held May 21-23, 2019, have approved each Agreement, as amended as set forth in Appendix B hereto, and its continuance until August 1, 2020 in the manner required by the Investment Company Act of 1940.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in each Agreement the parties hereto do hereby continue each Agreement in effect until August 1, 2020 and ratify and confirm the Agreements in all respects.
On behalf of the Nuveen Funds
Listed on Appendix A
By: /s/ Gifford R. Zimmerman |
||
Vice President |
||
Attest: /s/ Virginia ONeal |
||
NUVEEN FUND ADVISORS, LLC |
||
By: /s/ Christopher M. Rohrbacher |
||
Managing Director |
||
Attest: /s/ Virginia ONeal |
Appendix A
As of August 1, 2019
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
TICKER SYMBOLS | ||||
Nuveen All Cap Energy MLP Opportunities Fund |
JMLP | |||
Nuveen AMT-Free Municipal Credit Income Fund |
NVG | |||
Nuveen AMT-Free Municipal Value Fund |
NUW | |||
Nuveen AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NEA | |||
Nuveen Arizona Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAZ | |||
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NKX | |||
Nuveen California Municipal Value Fund 2 |
NCB | |||
Nuveen California Municipal Value Fund, Inc. |
NCA | |||
Nuveen California Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAC | |||
Nuveen California Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio |
NXC | |||
Nuveen Connecticut Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NTC | |||
Nuveen Core Equity Alpha Fund |
JCE | |||
Nuveen Credit Opportunities 2022 Target Term Fund |
JCO | |||
Nuveen Credit Strategies Income Fund |
JQC | |||
Nuveen Diversified Dividend and Income Fund |
JDD | |||
Nuveen Dow 30SM Dynamic Overwrite Fund |
DIAX | |||
Nuveen Emerging Markets Debt 2022 Target Term Fund |
JEMD | |||
Nuveen Energy MLP Total Return Fund |
JMF | |||
Nuveen Enhanced Municipal Value Fund (not leveraged) |
NEV | |||
Nuveen Floating Rate Income Fund |
JFR | |||
Nuveen Floating Rate Income Opportunity Fund |
JRO | |||
Nuveen Georgia Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NKG | |||
Nuveen Global High Income Fund |
JGH | |||
Nuveen High Income 2020 Target Term Fund |
JHY | |||
Nuveen High Income 2023 Target Term Fund |
JHAA | |||
Nuveen High Income December 2019 Target Term Fund |
JHD | |||
Nuveen High Income November 2021 Target Term Fund |
JHB | |||
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Municipal Term Fund |
NID | |||
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Quality Municipal Term Fund |
NIQ | |||
Nuveen Maryland Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NMY | |||
Nuveen Massachusetts Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NMT | |||
Nuveen Michigan Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NUM | |||
Nuveen Minnesota Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NMS | |||
Nuveen Missouri Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NOM | |||
Nuveen Mortgage Opportunity Term Fund 2 |
JMT | |||
Nuveen Mortgage Opportunity Term Fund |
JLS | |||
Nuveen Multi-Market Income Fund |
JMM | |||
Nuveen Municipal 2021 Target Term Fund |
NHA | |||
Nuveen Municipal Credit Income Fund |
NZF | |||
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund |
NMZ | |||
Nuveen Municipal Income Fund, Inc. |
NMI | |||
Nuveen Municipal Value Fund, Inc. |
NUV | |||
Nuveen NASDAQ 100 Dynamic Overwrite Fund |
QQQX | |||
Nuveen New Jersey Municipal Value Fund |
NJV | |||
Nuveen New Jersey Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NXJ | |||
Nuveen New York AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NRK |
Nuveen New York Municipal Value Fund 2 |
NYV | |||
Nuveen New York Municipal Value Fund, Inc. |
NNY | |||
Nuveen New York Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAN | |||
Nuveen New York Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio |
NXN | |||
Nuveen North Carolina Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NNC | |||
Nuveen Ohio Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NUO | |||
Nuveen Pennsylvania Municipal Value Fund |
NPN | |||
Nuveen Pennsylvania Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NQP | |||
Nuveen Preferred & Income Opportunities Fund |
JPC | |||
Nuveen Preferred & Income Securities Fund |
JPS | |||
Nuveen Preferred and Income 2022 Term Fund |
JPT | |||
Nuveen Preferred and Income Term Fund |
JPI | |||
Nuveen Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAD | |||
Nuveen Real Asset Income and Growth Fund |
JRI | |||
Nuveen Real Estate Income Fund |
JRS | |||
Nuveen S&P 500 Dynamic Overwrite Fund |
SPXX | |||
Nuveen S&P 500 Buy-Write Income Fund |
BXMX | |||
Nuveen Select Maturities Municipal Fund |
NIM | |||
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio 2 |
NXQ | |||
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio 3 |
NXR | |||
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio |
NXP | |||
Nuveen Senior Income Fund |
NSL | |||
Nuveen Short Duration Credit Opportunities Fund |
JSD | |||
Nuveen Taxable Municipal Income Fund |
NBB | |||
Nuveen Tax-Advantaged Dividend Growth Fund |
JTD | |||
Nuveen Tax-Advantaged Total Return Strategy Fund |
JTA | |||
Nuveen Texas Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NTX | |||
Nuveen Virginia Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NPV |
NUVEEN OPEN-END FUNDS
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL TRUST |
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen All-American Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Limited Term Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen High Yield Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Short Duration High Yield Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Strategic Municipal Opportunities Fund |
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST I |
Nuveen Arizona Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Colorado Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Maryland Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen New Mexico Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Pennsylvania Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Virginia Municipal Bond Fund |
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST II |
Nuveen California Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen California High Yield Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Connecticut Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Massachusetts Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen New Jersey Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen New York Municipal Bond Fund |
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST III |
Nuveen Georgia Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Louisiana Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen North Carolina Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Tennessee Municipal Bond Fund |
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST IV |
Nuveen Kansas Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Kentucky Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Michigan Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Missouri Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Ohio Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Wisconsin Municipal Bond Fund |
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST |
Nuveen Equity Market Neutral Fund |
Nuveen Large Cap Core Fund |
Nuveen Large Cap Growth Fund |
Nuveen Large Cap Value Fund |
Nuveen NWQ Global Equity Income Fund |
Nuveen NWQ Multi-Cap Value Fund |
Nuveen NWQ Small-Cap Value Fund |
Nuveen NWQ Large-Cap Value Fund |
Nuveen NWQ Small/Mid-Cap Value Fund |
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST II |
Nuveen Santa Barbara Dividend Growth Fund |
Nuveen Santa Barbara Global Dividend Growth Fund |
Nuveen Santa Barbara International Dividend Growth Fund |
Nuveen Equity Long/Short Fund |
Nuveen International Growth Fund |
Nuveen NWQ International Value Fund |
Nuveen Winslow International Small Cap Fund |
Nuveen Winslow Large-Cap Growth Fund |
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST III |
Nuveen Symphony Credit Opportunities Fund |
Nuveen Symphony Floating Rate Income Fund |
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST V |
Nuveen Preferred Securities and Income Fund |
Nuveen NWQ Flexible Income Fund |
Nuveen Gresham Diversified Commodity Strategy Fund |
Nuveen Global Real Estate Securities Fund |
NUVEEN MANAGED ACCOUNTS PORTFOLIOS TRUST |
Municipal Total Return Managed Accounts Portfolio |
NUVEEN INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC. |
Nuveen Dividend Value Fund |
Nuveen Global Infrastructure Fund |
Nuveen High Income Bond Fund |
Nuveen Large Cap Select Fund |
Nuveen Mid Cap Growth Opportunities Fund |
Nuveen Mid Cap Value Fund |
Nuveen Minnesota Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Minnesota Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Nebraska Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Real Asset Income Fund |
Nuveen Real Estate Securities Fund |
Nuveen Short Term Municipal Bond Fund |
Nuveen Small Cap Growth Opportunities Fund |
Nuveen Small Cap Select Fund |
Nuveen Small Cap Value Fund |
Nuveen Strategic Income Fund |
NUVEEN STRATEGY FUNDS, INC. |
Nuveen Strategy Aggressive Growth Allocation Fund |
Nuveen Strategy Balanced Allocation Fund |
Nuveen Strategy Conservative Allocation Fund |
Nuveen Strategy Growth Allocation Fund |
APPENDIX B
MEMORIALIZATION OF CHANGES
TO THE DEFINITION OF COMPLEX-LEVEL ASSETS IN
NUVEEN OPEN-END AND CLOSED-END FUND
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS
MEMORIALIZATION made as of this 1st day of August, 2019, by and between Nuveen Open-End and Closed-End Funds (excluding Nuveen Exchange-Traded Funds) listed on Exhibit A (the Funds), and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Adviser).
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, each Investment Management Agreement between each of the Funds and the Adviser currently in effect includes, as a component of the management fee to be paid by each Fund to the Adviser, a Complex-Wide Fee (capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall be as defined in each Funds respective Investment Management Agreement);
WHEREAS, each such Investment Management Agreement provides that the Complex-Level Fee shall be calculated by reference to the total assets of the Eligible Funds;
WHEREAS, each such Investment Management Agreement provides that Eligible Funds, for purposes of such Agreement, shall mean all Nuveen-branded closed-end and open-end registered investment companies organized in the United States (it being understood that Nuveen Exchange-Traded Funds are not considered Eligible Funds); and
WHEREAS, in connection with the reorganization of certain Nuveen Open-End Funds (Former Eligible Funds) into certain TIAA-CREF Open-End Funds in 2019, Nuveen management and the Board of Directors/Trustees of each of the Funds have agreed to include certain assets of the Former Eligible Funds as Complex-Level Assets for purposes of calculating the Complex-Level Fee, which will have the effect of reducing the fees paid to the Adviser by the Funds.
Now, therefore, the parties hereby memorialize that understanding by amending the following paragraph included in each Funds Investment Management Agreement as follows (with deleted language stricken through and new language underlined):
The
Complex-Level Fee for the Fund shall be computed by applying the Complex-Level Fee Rate, expressed as a daily equivalent, to the average daily managed assets of the Fund. The Complex-Level Fee Rate shall be determined based upon the
total daily net assets of all Eligible Funds, as defined below (with such daily net assets to include in the case of Eligible Funds whose advisory fees are calculated by reference to net assets that include net assets attributable to
preferred stock issued by or borrowings by the Eligible Fund such leveraging net assets), pursuant to the annual fee schedule shown below in this section, with the following exclusions adjustments (as adjusted,
Complex-Level Assets):
(i) in the case of Eligible Funds that invest in other Eligible Funds (individually a Fund of Funds and collectively Funds of Funds), excluding that portion of the net assets of such Funds of Funds attributable to investments in such other Eligible Funds; and
(ii) excluding that portion of the net assets of each Eligible Fund comprising the daily Fund Asset
Limit Amount (as defined below).; and
(iii) in instances where Eligible Funds have been reorganized into non-Eligible Funds advised by an affiliate of the Adviser during the 2019 calendar year (each such reorganization a 2019 Reorganization and each such Eligible Fund a Former Eligible Fund):
(x) for each Former Eligible Fund that was not a Fund of Funds, including the amount by which, as of a date 30 days prior to the closing date of the applicable 2019 Reorganization, the net assets of the Former Eligible Fund exceeded the Former Eligible Funds Initial Fund Asset Limit Amount (as defined below); and
(y) for each Former Eligible Fund that was a Fund of Funds, with respect to each Eligible Fund in which the Former Eligible Fund was invested immediately prior to the transition of the Former Eligible Funds portfolio in connection with its 2019 Reorganization (the Transition Time), including the net assets of the Former Eligible Fund invested in such Eligible Fund as of the Transition Time, but only to the extent that the Eligible Funds net assets exceeded the Eligible Funds Initial Fund Asset Limit Amount (as defined below) as of the Transition Time.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Fund and the Adviser have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the day and year above written.
ALL NUVEEN FUNDS LISTED ON EXHIBIT A
by: /s/ Gifford R. Zimmerman |
||
Vice President |
||
Attest: /s/ Virginia ONeal |
NUVEEN FUND ADVISORS, LLC
by: /s/ Christopher M. Rohrbacher |
||
Managing Director |
||
Attest: /s/ Virginia ONeal |
EXHIBIT A
As of August 1, 2019
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
TICKER SYMBOLS | ||||||
1. |
Nuveen All Cap Energy MLP Opportunities Fund |
JMLP | ||||
2. |
Nuveen AMT-Free Municipal Credit Income Fund |
NVG | ||||
3. |
Nuveen AMT-Free Municipal Value Fund |
NUW | ||||
4. |
Nuveen AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NEA | ||||
5. |
Nuveen Arizona Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAZ | ||||
6. |
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NKX | ||||
7. |
Nuveen California Municipal Value Fund 2 |
NCB | ||||
8. |
Nuveen California Municipal Value Fund, Inc. |
NCA | ||||
9. |
Nuveen California Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAC | ||||
10. |
Nuveen California Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio |
NXC | ||||
11. |
Nuveen Connecticut Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NTC | ||||
12. |
Nuveen Core Equity Alpha Fund |
JCE | ||||
13. |
Nuveen Credit Opportunities 2022 Target Term Fund |
JCO | ||||
14. |
Nuveen Credit Strategies Income Fund |
JQC | ||||
15. |
Nuveen Diversified Dividend and Income Fund |
JDD | ||||
16. |
Nuveen Dow 30SM Dynamic Overwrite Fund |
DIAX | ||||
17. |
Nuveen Emerging Markets Debt 2022 Target Term Fund |
JEMD | ||||
18. |
Nuveen Energy MLP Total Return Fund |
JMF | ||||
19. |
Nuveen Enhanced Municipal Value Fund (not leveraged) |
NEV | ||||
20. |
Nuveen Floating Rate Income Fund |
JFR | ||||
21. |
Nuveen Floating Rate Income Opportunity Fund |
JRO | ||||
22. |
Nuveen Georgia Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NKG | ||||
23. |
Nuveen Global High Income Fund |
JGH | ||||
24. |
Nuveen High Income 2020 Target Term Fund |
JHY | ||||
25. |
Nuveen High Income 2023 Target Term Fund |
JHAA | ||||
26. |
Nuveen High Income December 2019 Target Term Fund |
JHD | ||||
27. |
Nuveen High Income November 2021 Target Term Fund |
JHB | ||||
28. |
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Municipal Term Fund |
NID | ||||
29. |
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Quality Municipal Term Fund |
NIQ | ||||
30. |
Nuveen Maryland Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NMY | ||||
31. |
Nuveen Massachusetts Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NMT | ||||
32. |
Nuveen Michigan Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NUM | ||||
33. |
Nuveen Minnesota Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NMS | ||||
34. |
Nuveen Missouri Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NOM | ||||
35. |
Nuveen Mortgage Opportunity Term Fund 2 |
JMT | ||||
36. |
Nuveen Mortgage Opportunity Term Fund |
JLS | ||||
37. |
Nuveen Multi-Market Income Fund |
JMM | ||||
38. |
Nuveen Municipal 2021 Target Term Fund |
NHA | ||||
39. |
Nuveen Municipal Credit Income Fund |
NZF | ||||
40. |
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund |
NMZ | ||||
41. |
Nuveen Municipal Income Fund, Inc. |
NMI | ||||
42. |
Nuveen Municipal Value Fund, Inc. |
NUV | ||||
43. |
Nuveen NASDAQ 100 Dynamic Overwrite Fund |
QQQX | ||||
44. |
Nuveen New Jersey Municipal Value Fund |
NJV | ||||
45. |
Nuveen New Jersey Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NXJ | ||||
46. |
Nuveen New York AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NRK | ||||
47. |
Nuveen New York Municipal Value Fund 2 |
NYV |
48. |
Nuveen New York Municipal Value Fund, Inc. |
NNY |
||||
49. |
Nuveen New York Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAN |
||||
50. |
Nuveen New York Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio |
NXN |
||||
51. |
Nuveen North Carolina Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NNC |
||||
52. |
Nuveen Ohio Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NUO |
||||
53. |
Nuveen Pennsylvania Municipal Value Fund |
NPN |
||||
54. |
Nuveen Pennsylvania Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NQP |
||||
55. |
Nuveen Preferred & Income Opportunities Fund |
JPC |
||||
56. |
Nuveen Preferred & Income Securities Fund |
JPS |
||||
57. |
Nuveen Preferred and Income 2022 Term Fund |
JPT |
||||
58. |
Nuveen Preferred and Income Term Fund |
JPI |
||||
59. |
Nuveen Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NAD |
||||
60. |
Nuveen Real Asset Income and Growth Fund |
JRI |
||||
61. |
Nuveen Real Estate Income Fund |
JRS |
||||
62. |
Nuveen S&P 500 Dynamic Overwrite Fund |
SPXX |
||||
63. |
Nuveen S&P 500 Buy-Write Income Fund |
BXMX |
||||
64. |
Nuveen Select Maturities Municipal Fund |
NIM |
||||
65. |
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio 2 |
NXQ |
||||
66. |
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio 3 |
NXR |
||||
67. |
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio |
NXP |
||||
68. |
Nuveen Senior Income Fund |
NSL |
||||
69. |
Nuveen Short Duration Credit Opportunities Fund |
JSD |
||||
70. |
Nuveen Taxable Municipal Income Fund |
NBB |
||||
71. |
Nuveen Tax-Advantaged Dividend Growth Fund |
JTD |
||||
72. |
Nuveen Tax-Advantaged Total Return Strategy Fund |
JTA |
||||
73. |
Nuveen Texas Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NTX |
||||
74. |
Nuveen Virginia Quality Municipal Income Fund |
NPV |
NUVEEN OPEN-END FUNDS
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL TRUST |
||||
1. | Nuveen Intermediate Duration Municipal Bond Fund | |||
2. | Nuveen All-American Municipal Bond Fund | |||
3. | Nuveen Limited Term Municipal Bond Fund | |||
4. | Nuveen High Yield Municipal Bond Fund | |||
5. | Nuveen Short Duration High Yield Municipal Bond Fund | |||
6. | Nuveen Strategic Municipal Opportunities Fund | |||
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST I |
||||
7. | Nuveen Arizona Municipal Bond Fund | |||
8. | Nuveen Colorado Municipal Bond Fund | |||
9. | Nuveen Maryland Municipal Bond Fund | |||
10. | Nuveen New Mexico Municipal Bond Fund | |||
11. | Nuveen Pennsylvania Municipal Bond Fund | |||
12. | Nuveen Virginia Municipal Bond Fund | |||
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST II |
||||
13. | Nuveen California Municipal Bond Fund | |||
14. | Nuveen California High Yield Municipal Bond Fund | |||
15. | Nuveen California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |||
16. | Nuveen Connecticut Municipal Bond Fund | |||
17. | Nuveen Massachusetts Municipal Bond Fund |
18. |
Nuveen New Jersey Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
19. |
Nuveen New York Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST III |
||||
20. |
Nuveen Georgia Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
21. |
Nuveen Louisiana Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
22. |
Nuveen North Carolina Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
23. |
Nuveen Tennessee Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
NUVEEN MULTISTATE TRUST IV |
||||
24. |
Nuveen Kansas Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
25. |
Nuveen Kentucky Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
26. |
Nuveen Michigan Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
27. |
Nuveen Missouri Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
28. |
Nuveen Ohio Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
29. |
Nuveen Wisconsin Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST |
||||
30. |
Nuveen Equity Market Neutral Fund |
|||
31. |
Nuveen Large Cap Core Fund |
|||
32. |
Nuveen Large Cap Growth Fund |
|||
33. |
Nuveen Large Cap Value Fund |
|||
34. |
Nuveen NWQ Global Equity Income Fund |
|||
35. |
Nuveen NWQ Multi-Cap Value Fund |
|||
36. |
Nuveen NWQ Small-Cap Value Fund |
|||
37. |
Nuveen NWQ Large-Cap Value Fund |
|||
38. |
Nuveen NWQ Small/Mid-Cap Value Fund |
|||
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST II |
||||
39. |
Nuveen Emerging Markets Equity Fund |
|||
40. |
Nuveen Santa Barbara Dividend Growth Fund |
|||
41. |
Nuveen Santa Barbara Global Dividend Growth Fund |
|||
42. |
Nuveen Santa Barbara International Dividend Growth Fund |
|||
43. |
Nuveen Equity Long/Short Fund |
|||
44. |
Nuveen International Growth Fund |
|||
45. |
Nuveen NWQ International Value Fund |
|||
46. |
Nuveen Winslow International Large Cap Fund |
|||
47. |
Nuveen Winslow International Small Cap Fund |
|||
48. |
Nuveen Winslow Large-Cap Growth Fund |
|||
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST III |
||||
49. |
Nuveen Symphony Credit Opportunities Fund |
|||
50. |
Nuveen Symphony Floating Rate Income Fund |
|||
NUVEEN INVESTMENT TRUST V |
||||
51. |
Nuveen Preferred Securities and Income Fund |
|||
52. |
Nuveen NWQ Flexible Income Fund |
|||
53. |
Nuveen Gresham Diversified Commodity Strategy Fund |
|||
54. |
Nuveen Global Real Estate Securities Fund |
|||
55. |
Nuveen Gresham Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
|||
NUVEEN INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC. |
||||
56. |
Nuveen Dividend Value Fund |
|||
57. |
Nuveen Global Infrastructure Fund |
58. |
Nuveen High Income Bond Fund |
|||
59. |
Nuveen Large Cap Select Fund |
|||
60. |
Nuveen Mid Cap Growth Opportunities Fund |
|||
61. |
Nuveen Mid Cap Value Fund |
|||
62. |
Nuveen Minnesota Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
63. |
Nuveen Minnesota Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
64. |
Nuveen Nebraska Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
65. |
Nuveen Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
66. |
Nuveen Real Asset Income Fund |
|||
67. |
Nuveen Real Estate Securities Fund |
|||
68. |
Nuveen Short Term Municipal Bond Fund |
|||
69. |
Nuveen Small Cap Growth Opportunities Fund |
|||
70. |
Nuveen Small Cap Select Fund |
|||
71. |
Nuveen Small Cap Value Fund |
|||
72. |
Nuveen Strategic Income Fund |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
NOTICE OF CONTINUANCE OF INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
WHEREAS, Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Manager) and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Sub-Adviser) have entered into Sub-Advisory Agreements (the Agreements), pursuant to which the Sub-Adviser furnishes investment advisory services to the funds listed on Schedule A (the Funds); and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of the Agreements, the Agreements shall continue in force from year to year, provided that such continuance is specifically approved for each Fund (as defined in each Agreement) at least annually in the manner required by the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder.
NOW THEREFORE, this Notice memorializes between the parties that the Board of Directors/Trustees of each Fund, including the independent Directors/Trustees, at a meeting called in part for the purpose of reviewing the Agreement, have approved the continuance of the Agreement with respect to each Fund until August 1, 2020, in the manner required by the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Dated as of July 24, 2019
NUVEEN FUND ADVISORS, LLC |
||
By: |
/s/ Christopher M. Rohrbacher |
|
Its: |
Managing Director |
ATTEST:
/s/ Virginia ONeal
NUVEEN ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC |
||
By: |
/s/ Gifford R. Zimmerman |
|
Its: |
Managing Director |
ATTEST:
/s/ Virginia ONeal
Schedule A
Fund/ticker |
Date of
Contract |
Date of
Renewal |
||
Nuveen AMT-Free Municipal Credit Income Fund (NVG) |
4-11-16 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen AMT-Free Municipal Value Fund (NUW) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (NEA) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Arizona Quality Municipal Income Fund (NAZ) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (NKX) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen California Municipal Value Fund 2 (NCB) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen California Municipal Value Fund, Inc. (NCA) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen California Quality Municipal Income Fund (NAC) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen California Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio (NXC) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Connecticut Quality Municipal Income Fund (NTC) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Core Equity Alpha Fund (JCE) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Dow 30SM Dynamic Overwrite Fund (DIAX) |
12-5-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Enhanced Municipal Value Fund (NEV) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Georgia Quality Municipal Income Fund (NKG) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Global High Income Fund (JGH) |
11-7-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen High Income 2020 Target Term Fund (JHY) |
6-10-15 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen High Income December 2019 Target Term Fund (JHD) |
4-18-16 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen High Income November 2021 Target Term Fund (JHB) |
2-11-16 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Municipal Term Fund (NID) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Intermediate Duration Quality Municipal Term Fund (NIQ) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Maryland Quality Municipal Income Fund (NMY) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Massachusetts Quality Municipal Income Fund (NMT) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Michigan Quality Municipal Income Fund (NUM) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Minnesota Quality Municipal Income Fund (NMS) |
10-6-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Missouri Quality Municipal Income Fund (NOM) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Multi-Market Income Fund (JMM) |
11-19-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Municipal 2021 Target Term Fund (NHA) |
1-9-16 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Municipal Credit Income Fund (NZF) |
4-11-16 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund (NMZ) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (NMI) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Municipal Value Fund, Inc. (NUV) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen NASDAQ 100 Dynamic Overwrite Fund (QQQX) |
12-5-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New Jersey Municipal Value Fund (NJV) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New Jersey Quality Municipal Income Fund (NXJ) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New York AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (NRK) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New York Municipal Value Fund 2 (NYV) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New York Municipal Value Fund, Inc. (NNY) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New York Quality Municipal Income Fund (NAN) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen New York Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio (NXN) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen North Carolina Quality Municipal Income Fund (NNC) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Ohio Quality Municipal Income Fund (NUO) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Pennsylvania Municipal Value Fund (NPN) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Pennsylvania Quality Municipal Income Fund (NQP) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Preferred & Income Opportunities Fund (JPC) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Preferred and Income 2022 Term Fund (JPT) |
11-16-16 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Preferred and Income Term Fund (JPI) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Quality Municipal Income Fund (NAD) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Real Asset Income and Growth Fund (JRI) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 |
Nuveen S&P 500 Dynamic Overwrite Fund (SPXX) |
12-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Select Maturities Municipal Fund (NIM) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio (NXP) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio 2 (NXQ) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Select Tax-Free Income Portfolio 3 (NXR) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Tax-Advantaged Dividend Growth Fund (JTD) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Taxable Municipal Income Fund (NBB) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Texas Quality Municipal Income Fund (NTX) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 | ||
Nuveen Virginia Quality Municipal Income Fund (NPV) |
10-1-14 | 8-1-19 |
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA AMT-FREE QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
June 1, 2018
Nuveen Securities, LLC
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Re: Distribution Agreement Relating to At-the-Market Offerings
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund is a Massachusetts business trust operating as a closed-end management investment company (hereinafter referred to as the Fund). The Fund has filed a registration statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333225399 and 811-21212) (the Registration Statement) pursuant to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to register additional common shares of the Fund, which may be issued and sold from time to time through various specified transactions, including at-the-market (ATM) offerings.
You have informed us that Nuveen Securities, LLC is registered as a broker-dealer under the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is a member in good standing of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. You have indicated your desire to act as distributor for the Funds common shares issued pursuant to the Registration Statement. We have been authorized by the Fund to execute and deliver this Agreement to you by a resolution of our Board of Trustees (the Trustees) adopted at a meeting of the Trustees, at which a majority of Trustees, including a majority of our Trustees who are not otherwise interested persons of our investment manager or its related organizations, were present and voted in favor of said resolution approving this Agreement.
1. APPOINTMENT OF DISTRIBUTOR. Upon the execution of this Agreement and in consideration of the agreements on your part herein expressed and upon the terms and conditions set forth herein, we hereby appoint you as the distributor for up to 4.1 million of the common shares of the Fund to be issued pursuant to the Registration Statement through ATM offerings (the Shares) and agree that we will issue such Shares as you may sell. You agree to use reasonable efforts to identify opportunities for the sale of Shares, but you are not obligated to sell any specific number of the Shares. The Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by you and the Fund.
2. SELECTED DEALERS. You may enter into selected dealer agreements, on such terms and conditions as you determine are not inconsistent with this Agreement, with broker-dealers to act as your agent to effect the sale of the Shares. Such selected broker-dealers shall sell Shares only at market prices subject to a minimum price to be established each day by you and the Fund (see paragraph 3 below). This Agreement shall not be construed as authorizing any
dealer or other person to accept orders for sale on our behalf or to otherwise act as our agent for any purpose. You shall not be responsible for the acts of other dealers or agents except as and to the extent that they shall be acting for you or under your direction or authority.
3. SHARE PRICE. The price per Share shall be determined by reference to prevailing market prices through the National Market System. In no event shall the price be less than the current net asset value per share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to you (the Minimum Price). You shall suspend the sale of Shares if the per share price of the Shares is less than the Minimum Price.
4. SALES COMMISSION.
(a) You shall be entitled to receive a sales commission from the Fund of 1.0% of the gross sales price per Share of the Shares sold.
(b) You may pay to selected broker-dealers such selling agent commissions (not exceeding 80% of the total sales commission) (the ATM Sales Agent Commission) as you shall deem advisable, which shall be payable from the commissions payable to you under Section 4(a) above.
5. FURNISHING OF INFORMATION. We will furnish you with copies of the Registration Statement, and we warrant that the statements therein contained are true and correct as of the date of the Registration Statement, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time. We will also furnish you with such other information that you may reasonably request for use in connection with the distribution of the Shares, including, at least annually, audited financial statements of our books and accounts certified by independent public accountants.
6. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS. Other than the currently effective Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, you will not use any sales materials or statements except literature or advertising that conforms to the requirements of federal and state securities laws and regulations and that have been filed, where necessary, with the appropriate regulatory authorities. You will furnish us with copies of all material prior to their use and no such material shall be published if we shall reasonably and promptly object.
You shall comply with the applicable federal and state laws and regulations where our shares are offered for sale and conduct your affairs with us and with dealers, brokers or investors in accordance with the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
7. OTHER ACTIVITIES. Your services pursuant to this Agreement shall not be deemed to be exclusive and you may render similar services and act as an underwriter, distributor, or dealer for other investment companies in the offering of their shares.
8. SUSPENSION OF SALES. We reserve the right at all times to suspend or limit the offering of the shares upon written notice to you and to reject any order in whole or in part.
9. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES.
(a) You shall bear all expenses incurred by you in connection with your duties and activities under this Agreement including the payment to selected dealers of any sales commissions for sales of the Funds Shares.
(b) The Fund shall bear all costs and expenses of the Fund, including expenses (including legal fees) pertaining to the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement and Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, and expenses pertaining to the preparation, printing and distribution of any reports or communications to shareholders, including Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information, annual and interim reports, or proxy materials.
10. TERMINATION. This Agreement (i) may be terminated by the Fund at any time without the payment of any penalty and (ii) may be terminated by you at any time without the payment of any penalty. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to this provision or by the mutual agreement of the parties.
11. MISCELLANEOUS. This Agreement shall be subject to the laws of the State of Illinois and shall be interpreted and construed to further and promote the operation of the Fund as a closed-end management investment company.
12. STANDARD OF CARE. You shall be responsible for exercising reasonable care in carrying out the provisions of this Agreement.
13. DECLARATION OF TRUST AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. A copy of the Declaration of Trust of the Fund is on file with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this Agreement is executed by an officer of the Fund on behalf of the Trustees, as trustees and not individually, and that the obligations of this Agreement with respect to the Fund shall be binding upon the assets and properties of the Fund only and shall not be binding upon the assets or properties of the Trustees, officers, employees, agents or shareholders of the Fund individually.
If the foregoing meets with your approval, please acknowledge your acceptance by signing each of the enclosed counterparts hereof and returning such counterparts to us, whereupon this shall constitute a binding agreement as of the date first above written.
Very truly yours,
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA AMT-FREE QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND
By: /s/Gifford R. Zimmerman |
Name: Gifford R. Zimmerman |
Title: Vice President and Secretary |
Agreed to and Accepted:
By: /s/ Kevin J. McCarthy |
Name: Kevin J. McCarthy |
Title: Senior Managing Director |
DEALER AGREEMENT
Nuveen Securities, LLC
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
June 1, 2018
UBS Securities LLC
1285 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10019
RE: At-the-Market Offerings by Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund
Ladies and Gentlemen:
From time to time Nuveen Securities, LLC (the Manager, we or us) will act as manager of registered at-the-market offerings by Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund, a Massachusetts business trust (the Fund), of the Funds common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the Common Stock). In the case of such offerings, the Fund has agreed with the Manager to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and/or principal, a certain number of shares of the Funds Common Stock.
We hereby agree to retain UBS Securities LLC (the Dealer or you) as a sub-placement agent with respect to such shares as we may specify (the Shares) to be issued and sold by the Fund in such offerings of the Shares (the Offerings), and you agree to act in such capacity, all upon, and subject to, the terms and conditions set forth below:
SECTION 1. Description of Offerings.
(a) The Shares are to be sold on a daily basis or otherwise as shall be agreed to by the Fund and the Manager on any day (each, an Offering Date) that is a trading day for the exchange on which the Funds Shares are listed and primarily trade (the Stock Exchange) (other than a day on which the Stock Exchange is scheduled to close prior to its regular weekday closing time). Promptly after the Fund and the Manager have determined the maximum amount of the Shares to be sold by the Manager for any Offering Date, the Manager shall advise the Dealer of such amount, which shall not in any event exceed the amount available for issuance under the currently effective Registration Statement (as defined below). Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Dealer shall use its reasonable efforts to sell all of the Shares designated in accordance with the plan of distribution set forth in the Prospectus Supplement (as defined below). The gross sales price of the Shares sold under this Section 1(a) shall be the market price at which the Dealer sells such Shares.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager may instruct the Dealer by telephone (confirmed promptly by telecopy) not to sell the Shares if such sales cannot be effected at or above a price agreed to by the Fund and the Manager with respect to such Shares. In addition, the Manager may, upon notice to the Dealer by telephone (confirmed promptly by telecopy), suspend the offering of the Shares; provided, however, that such suspension or termination shall not affect or impair the parties respective obligations with respect to the Shares sold hereunder prior to the giving of such notice.
(c) The Dealer agrees not to make any sales of the Shares on behalf of the Manager pursuant to this Section 1, other than through transactions for which compliance with Rule 153 under the Securities Act will satisfy the prospectus delivery requirements of Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act.
(d) The compensation to the Dealer, as a sub-placement agent of the Manager for each sale of the Shares pursuant to this Section 1, shall be the Applicable Selling Agent Commission with respect to the Shares sold, multiplied by the Gross Sales Proceeds, as further described in the Addendum to this Agreement. The remaining proceeds, after further deduction for any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales, shall constitute the net proceeds to the Manager for such Shares (the Net Proceeds).
(e) The Dealer shall provide written confirmation to the Manager following the close of trading on the Stock Exchange on each Offering Date setting forth for each sale the number of Shares sold, the time of sale, the Gross Sales Price per Share, the Net Proceeds, and the compensation payable by the Manager to the Dealer with respect to such sales.
(f) Settlement for sales of the Shares pursuant to this Section 1 will occur on the second business day following the date on which such sales are made (each such day, a Settlement Date). On each Settlement Date, the Shares sold through the Dealer for settlement on such date shall be delivered by the Manager to the Dealer against payment of the Net Proceeds for the sale of such Shares. Settlement for all such Shares shall be effected by free delivery of the Shares to the Dealers account at The Depository Trust Company in return for payments in same day funds delivered to the account designated by the Manager. If the Manager shall default on its obligation to deliver the Shares on any Settlement Date, the Manager shall (A) hold the Dealer harmless against any loss, claim or damage arising from or as a result of such default by the Manager and (B) pay the Dealer any commission to which it would otherwise be entitled absent such default. If the Dealer breaches this Agreement by failing to deliver proceeds on any Settlement Date for the Shares delivered by the Manager, the Dealer will pay the Manager interest based on the effective overnight Federal Funds rate.
(g) In connection with this Agreement and the Offering, the Manager shall provide to the Dealer such certificates and other documents as the Dealer may reasonably request no more than once per calendar quarter relating to authorization, capacity, enforceability and compliance matters.
SECTION 2. Representations and Warranties by the Manager. The Manager represents, warrants to and agrees with the Dealer, as of the date hereof and as of each Offering Date and Settlement Date, that:
(a) A registration statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-225399 and 811- 21212) (the Registration Statement) (i) has been prepared by the Fund in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively called the Securities Act), the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively called the 1940 Act); (ii) has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the Securities Act and the 1940 Act; and (iii) heretofore became, and is, effective; the registration statement sets forth the terms of the offering, sale and plan of distribution of the Shares and contains additional information concerning the Fund and its business; no stop order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of any Basic Prospectus (as defined below), the Prospectus Supplement (as defined below) or the Prospectus (as defined below), or the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, has been issued, and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or, to the Funds knowledge after due inquiry, are contemplated by the Commission. Except where the context otherwise requires, Registration Statement, as used herein, means, collectively, the various parts of the registration statement, as amended at the time of effectiveness for purposes of Section 11 of the Securities Act, as such section applies to the Manager, including (1) all documents filed as a part thereof or incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein, and (2) any information contained or incorporated by reference in a prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 497(c) and/or Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act, to the extent such information is deemed to be part of the registration statement at the Effective Time, Basic Prospectus, as used herein, means the prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement, including the related statement of additional information, together with any amendments or supplements thereto as of the date of the Agreement. Except where the context otherwise requires, Prospectus Supplement, as used herein, means the final prospectus supplement, including the related statement of additional information, relating to the Shares, filed by the Fund with the Commission pursuant to Rule 497(c) and/or Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act on or before the second business day after the date hereof (or such earlier time as may be required under the Securities Act), in the form furnished by the Fund to the Manager in connection with the offering of the Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, Prospectus, as used herein, means the Prospectus Supplement together with the Basic Prospectus attached to or used with the Prospectus Supplement. Any reference herein to the registration statement, the Registration Statement, any Basic Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference, or deemed to be incorporated by reference, therein (the Incorporated Documents), including, unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents.
(b) The Fund is duly registered under the 1940 Act as a closed-end management investment company. A notification of registration of the Fund as an investment company under the 1940 Act on Form N-8A (the 1940 Act
Notification) has been prepared by the Fund in conformity with the 1940 Act and has been filed with the Commission and, at the time of filing thereof and at the time of filing any amendment or supplement thereto, conformed in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. The Fund has not received any notice from the Commission pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1940 Act with respect to the 1940 Act Notification or the Registration Statement (or any amendment or supplement to either of them). No person is serving or acting as an officer, director or investment adviser of the Fund except in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended and the rules and regulations thereunder.
(c) The Registration Statement, the 1940 Act Notification and the Prospectus as from time to time amended or supplemented each complied when it became effective or was filed, complies as of the date hereof and, as amended or supplemented, will comply, at the time of purchase, each additional time of purchase, if any, and at all times during which a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered in connection with any sale of Shares, in all material respects, with the requirements of the Securities Act and the 1940 Act; the Registration Statement did not, as of the Effective Time, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; the 1940 Act Notification did not, as of the Effective Time, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; at no time during the period that begins on the earlier of the date of the Basic Prospectus and the date such Basic Prospectus was filed with the Commission and ends at the later of the time of purchase, the latest additional time of purchase, if any, and the end of the period during which a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered in connection with any sale of Shares did or will the Prospectus, as from time to time amended or supplemented, include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(d) The financial statements incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly the financial position of the Company as of the dates indicated and the results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders equity of the Company for the periods specified and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act, the 1940 Act and the Exchange Act and in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved; the other financial and statistical data contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, any Basic Prospectus or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; the Company does not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits thereto).
(e) As of the date of this Agreement, the Fund has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the sections of the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus and the Prospectus entitled The Fund and Description of Shares, and, with respect to any issuance and sale under this Agreement, the Fund shall have as of the date of the most recent amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the sections of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus entitled The Fund and Description of Shares (and any similar sections or information, if any, contained in the Final Term Sheet, if any) (subject, in each case, to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of any stock options and warrants disclosed as outstanding in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits thereto), each Basic Prospectus and the Prospectus, and to the grant of options under any existing stock option plans described in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits thereto), each Basic Prospectus and the Prospectus); all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock, including the Common Stock, of the Fund have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable securities laws and were not issued in violation of any preemptive right, resale right, right of first refusal or similar right; the Shares are duly listed, and admitted and authorized for trading, subject to official notice of issuance, on the Stock Exchange.
(f) The Fund has been duly organized and is validly existing as a business trust in good standing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with full power and authority to own, lease and operate and ●
conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectuses, the Prospectus and the Final Term Sheet, if any, and to issue, sell and deliver the Shares as contemplated herein. The Fund is duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the ownership or leasing of its properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified and in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, (i) have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Fund (a Material Adverse Effect), (ii) prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or (iii) result in the delisting of shares of Common Stock from the Stock Exchange (the occurrence of any such effect or any such prevention or interference or any such result described in the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) being herein referred to as a Material Adverse Effect).
(g) The Shares have been duly and validly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free of statutory and contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal and similar rights; the Shares, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided herein, will be free of any restriction upon the voting or transfer thereof pursuant to the Funds charter or bylaws or any agreement or other instrument to which the Fund is a party. The capital stock of the Fund, including the Shares, conforms in all material respects to each description thereof, if any, contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, any Basic Prospectus, the Prospectus or the Final Term Sheet, if any; and the certificates for the Shares, if any, are in due and proper form. The Fund is in compliance with the rules of the Stock Exchange, including, without limitation, the requirements for continued listing of the Common Stock on the Stock Exchange and the Fund has not received any notice from the Stock Exchange regarding the delisting of the Common Stock from the Stock Exchange.
(h) The Manager has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Manager. This Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Manager and is enforceable against the Manager in accordance with its terms, except as the enforceability hereof and thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and similar laws affecting creditors rights generally and moratorium laws in effect from time to time and by equitable principles restricting the availability of equitable remedies.
(i) No approval, authorization, consent or order of or filing with any federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory commission, board, body, authority or agency, or of or with any self-regulatory organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the Stock Exchange), or approval of the stockholders of the Fund that has not already been obtained, is required in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares or the consummation by the Fund of the transactions contemplated hereby, other than (i) registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and the 1940 Act, which has been effected, (ii) any necessary qualification under the securities or blue sky laws of the various jurisdictions in which the Shares are being offered by the Manager or (iii) under the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA).
SECTION 3. Additional Covenants.
(a) The Dealer hereby confirms that it undertakes to comply with all applicable sections of the regulations of FINRAs Rules of Fair Practice in connection with the Offerings.
(b) The Dealer agrees that it will not use, authorize use of, refer to, or participate in the planning for use of any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) concerning any Offering, other than any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus.
(c) The Manager shall not be under any obligation to the Dealer except for obligations assumed hereunder or in writing by the Manager in connection with any Offering. Nothing contained herein or in any communication in writing from us shall constitute the Manager and the Dealer an association or partners with one another. If such parties should be deemed to constitute a partnership for Federal income tax purposes, then the Dealer elects to be excluded from the application of Subchapter K, Chapter 1, Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and agrees not to take any position inconsistent with that election. The Dealer authorizes the Manager, in its discretion, to execute and file on its behalf such evidence of that election as may be required by the Internal Revenue Service. In connection with any Offering, each party shall be liable for its proportionate amount of any tax, claim, demand or liability that may be asserted against it alone, based upon the claim that either of them constitute an
association, an unincorporated business or other entity, including, in each case, its proportionate amount of any expense incurred in defending against any such tax, claim, demand or liability.
(d) The parties acknowledge and agree that all share related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any stock split effected with respect to the Shares.
SECTION 4. Indemnification and Contribution.
(a) The Manager agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Dealer, its partners, directors and officers, and any person who controls the Dealer within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (together with and the rules and regulations thereunder, the Exchange Act), and the successors and assigns of all of the foregoing persons, from and against any loss, damage, expense, liability or claim (including the reasonable cost of investigation) which the Dealer or any such person may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, the Exchange Act, the common law or otherwise, insofar as such loss, damage, expense, liability or claim arises out of or is based upon (i) any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of the Manager contained in this Agreement, (ii) any violation by the Manager of any law, rule or regulation (including any rule of any self-regulatory organization), or (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact appearing in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except to the extent such statements were provided in writing by the Dealer for inclusion in the Registration Statement or Prospectus.
(b) The Dealer agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Manager, the Fund, their partners, directors and officers, and any person who controls the Manager or the Fund within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and the successors and assigns of all of the foregoing persons, from and against any loss, damage, expense, liability or claim (including the reasonable cost of investigation) which the Manager or any such person may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, the Exchange Act, the common law or otherwise, insofar as such loss, damage, expense, liability or claim arises out of or is based upon (i) any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of the Dealer contained in this Agreement or (ii) any violation by the Dealer of any law, rule or regulation (including any rule of any self-regulatory organization).
(c) An indemnified person under Section 4 of this Agreement (the Indemnified Party) shall give written notice to the other party (the Indemnifying Party) of any loss, damage, expense, liability or claim in respect of which the Indemnifying Party has a duty to indemnify such Indemnified Party under Section 4(a) or (b) of this Agreement (a Claim), specifying in reasonable detail the nature of the loss, damage, expense, liability or claim for which indemnification is sought, except that any delay or failure so to notify such other party shall only relieve such other party of its obligations hereunder to the extent, if at all, that you are actually prejudiced by reason of such delay or failure.
(d) If a Claim results from any action, suit or proceeding brought or asserted against an Indemnified Party, the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of all fees and expenses. The Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in such action, suit or proceeding and participate in such defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnified Party unless (i) the Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses, (ii) the Indemnifying Party has failed within a reasonable time to assume the defense and employ counsel or (iii) the named parties to any such action, suit or proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and Indemnifying Party and such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by its counsel that representation of such Indemnified Party and Indemnifying Party by the same counsel would be inappropriate under applicable standards of professional conduct (whether or not such representation by the same counsel has been proposed) due to actual or potential differing interests between the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party (in which case the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense of such action, suit or proceeding on behalf of such Indemnified Party). It is understood, however, that the Indemnifying Party shall, in connection with any one action, suit or proceeding or separate but substantially similar or related actions, suits or proceedings in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of only one separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) at any time for all such Indemnified Parties not having actual or potential differing interests with the Indemnifying Party or among themselves, which firm shall be designated in writing by an authorized representative of such parties and that all such
fees and expenses shall be reimbursed promptly as they are incurred. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such action, suit or proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such written consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff in any such action, suit or proceeding, the Indemnifying Party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless any Indemnified Party from and against any loss, liability, damage or expense by reason by such settlement or judgment.
(e) With respect to any Claim not within Paragraph (d) of Section 4 hereof, the Indemnifying Party shall have 20 days from receipt of notice from the Indemnified Party of such Claim within which to respond thereto. If the Indemnifying Party does not respond within such twenty-day period, it shall be deemed to have accepted responsibility to make payment and shall have no further right to contest the validity of such Claim. If the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party within such twenty-day period that it rejects such Claim in whole or in part, the Indemnified Party shall be free to pursue such remedies as may be available to the Indemnified Party under applicable law.
(f) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 4 is unavailable to an Indemnified Party or insufficient to hold an Indemnified Party harmless in respect of any losses, damages, expenses, liabilities or claims referred to therein, then each applicable Indemnifying Party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such losses, damages, expenses, liabilities or claims in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Indemnified Party and its Affiliates (treated jointly as one person for this purpose), on the one hand, and the Indemnifying Party and its Affiliates, on the other hand, from the offering of the Shares; or (ii) if, but only if, the allocation provided for in clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Indemnified Party and its Affiliates (treated jointly as one person for this purpose), on the one hand, and of the Indemnifying Party and its Affiliates, on the other, in connection with any statements or omissions or other matters which resulted in such losses, damages, expenses, liabilities or claims, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Indemnified Party and its Affiliates (treated jointly as one person for this purpose), on the one hand, and the Indemnifying Party and its Affiliates, on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total proceeds from the Offering received by each such party and its Affiliates bear to the aggregate public offering price of the Shares. The relative fault of the parties and their Affiliates shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission relates to information supplied by such party or its Affiliate, on one hand, or by the other party or its Affiliate on the other hand and the parties relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, damages, expenses, liabilities and claims referred to in this subsection shall be deemed to include any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending any Proceeding.
(g) The parties agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 4 were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in subsection (f) above. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
(h) The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 4 and the covenants, warranties and representations of the parties contained in this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Dealer, its partners, directors or officers or any person (including each partner, officer or director of such person) who controls the Dealer within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, or by or on behalf of the Manager, its directors or officers or any person who controls the Manager within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and shall survive any termination of this Agreement or the issuance and delivery of the Shares.
SECTION 5. Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the parties contained in this Agreement, including, without limitation, the indemnity agreement contained in Section 4 hereof, shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of (1) any investigation made by or on behalf of any party or any person controlling any party, or their directors or officers, (ii) acceptance of any Shares and payment therefor and (iii) any termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 6. Termination.
(a) This Agreement shall continue in full force and effect until terminated by either party by five days written notice to the other; provided, that if this Agreement has become effective with respect to any Offering pursuant to this Agreement, this Agreement may not be terminated by you with respect to such Offering.
(b) This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Section 6(a) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; provided that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Section 4 and Section 5 shall remain in full force and effect.
(c) Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Manager or the Dealer, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of the Shares, such sale shall settle in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 of this Agreement.
SECTION 7. Notices. Except as otherwise herein provided, all statements, requests, notices and agreements under this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered by hand, overnight courier, mail or facsimile and, if to the Manager, it shall be sufficient in all respects if delivered or sent to:
Nuveen Securities, LLC
333 West Wacker Drive
Suite 3300
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Attn: Manager, Closed-End Products
with a copy for information purposes to:
333 West Wacker Drive
Suite 3300
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Attn: General Counsel
and if to the Dealer, it shall be sufficient in all respects if delivered or sent to:
UBS Securities LLC
1285 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10019
Attn: Saawan Pathange
Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.
SECTION 8. Parties at Interest. The Agreement herein set forth has been and is made solely for the benefit of the Manager, the Fund, and the Dealer and to the extent provided in Section 4 of this Agreement the controlling persons, directors and officers referred to in such section, and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, personal representatives and executors and administrators. No other person, partnership, association or corporation (including a purchaser, as such purchaser, from the Manager) shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement.
SECTION 9. No Fiduciary Relationship. The Manager hereby acknowledges that the Dealer is acting solely as sub-sales agent in connection with the sale of the Shares and that the Dealer is acting pursuant to a contractual relationship created solely by this Agreement entered into on an arms-length basis, and in no event do the parties intend that the Dealer act or be responsible as a fiduciary to the Manager or the Fund, their respective management, stockholders or creditors, or any other person in connection with any activity that the Dealer may undertake or have undertaken in furtherance of the sale of the Shares, either before or after the date hereof.
SECTION 10. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof.
SECTION 11. Counterparts; Heading. This Agreement may be signed by the parties in one or more counterparts which together shall constitute one and the same agreement among the parties. The Section headings in this Agreement have been inserted as a matter of convenience of reference and are not a part of this Agreement.
SECTION 12. Law; Construction. This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement (Claim), directly or indirectly, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.
SECTION 13. Submission to Jurisdiction. Except as set forth below, no Claim may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which courts shall have jurisdiction over the adjudication of such matters, and each of the Manager and the Dealer consents to the jurisdiction of such courts and personal service with respect thereto. Each of the Manager and the Dealer hereby consents to personal jurisdiction, service and venue in any court in which any Claim arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement is brought by any third party against the Manager or any indemnified party. Each of the Manager and the Dealer (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) waives all right to trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim (whether based upon contract, tort or otherwise) in any way arising out of or relating to this Agreement. Each of the Manager and the Dealer agrees that a final judgment in any such action, proceeding or counterclaim brought in any such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Manager and the Dealer and may be enforced in any other courts to the jurisdiction of which the Manager or the Dealer is or may be subject, by suit upon such judgment.
SECTION 14. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Manager, the Fund and the Dealer and their successors and assigns and any successor or assign of any substantial portion of the Managers, the Funds and the Dealers respective businesses and/or assets.
If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Manager and the Dealer, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this Agreement and your acceptance shall constitute a binding agreement between the Manager and the Dealer. Alternatively, the execution of this Agreement by the Manager and the acceptance by or on behalf of the Dealer may be evidenced by an exchange of telegraphic or other written communications.
Very truly yours, |
NUVEEN SECURITIES, LLC |
By: /s/ Gifford R. Zimmerman |
Name: Gifford R. Zimmerman |
Title: Assistant Secretary/Managing Director |
ACCEPTED as of the date first above written |
UBS Securities LLC |
(as sub-placement agent) |
By: /s/ YiLin Anderson |
Name: YiLin Anderson |
Title: Director |
By: /s/ Juan Diego Ruiz |
Name: Juan Diego Ruiz |
Title: Associate Director |
ADDENDUM
TO
SUB-PLACEMENT AGENT AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
NUVEEN SECURITIES, LLC
AND
UBS SECURITIES LLC
Compensation payable to the Dealer for acting as a sub-placement agent on behalf of the Manager with respect to a specified sale of Shares pursuant to this Agreement shall be determined by multiplying the Gross Sales Proceeds by the Applicable Selling Agent Commission as set forth in the table below:
Gross Sales Commission | Manager Retention |
Applicable Selling Agent
Commission |
||
1.0% |
0.20% | 0.80% |
Where:
Gross Sales Proceeds with respect to each sale of Shares shall be the Gross Sales Price multiplied by the number of Shares sold;
Gross Sales Price with respect to each sale of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement shall be the gross sales price per share of such Shares.
March 11, 2020
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60606
Re: Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (NKX) (File No. 333-225399)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We hereby consent to all references to our firm in the Registration Statement on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), of Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund. In giving such consent, however, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP | ||||
1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW | ||||
Washington, DC 20004 | +1.202.739.3000 | |||
United States | +1.202.739.3001 |
March 11, 2020
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Re: Registration Statement on Form N-2
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund (the Fund), a Massachusetts voluntary association (commonly known as a business trust), in connection with the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2 to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) on or about March 11, 2020 (the Registration Statement), with respect to the registration of 4.1 million common shares with a par value of $0.01 per share (collectively, the Shares). You have requested that we deliver this opinion to you in connection with the Funds filing of the Registration Statement.
In connection with the furnishing of this opinion, we have examined the following documents:
(a) |
A certificate of the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts dated as of a recent date, as to the existence and good standing of the Fund; |
(b) |
A copy of the Funds Declaration of Trust dated July 29, 2002, and all amendments thereto, on file within the office of the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the Declaration), as certified by the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth and by an authorized officer of the Fund; |
(c) |
Copies of the Funds By-Laws, as amended and restated as of November 18, 2009 (the By-Laws) and certain resolutions adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Fund authorizing the issuance of the Shares (the Resolutions), each certified by an authorized officer of the Fund; and |
(d) |
a printers proof of the Registration Statement. |
In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the conformity to the originals of all of the documents reviewed by us as copies, including conformed copies, the authenticity and completeness of all original documents reviewed by us in original or copy form and the legal competence of each individual executing any document. We have assumed that the Registration Statement as filed with the Commission will be in substantially the form of the printers proof referred to in paragraph (d) above. We also have assumed for the purposes of this opinion that the Declaration, By-Laws and Resolutions will not have been amended, modified or withdrawn with respect to matters relating to the Shares and will be in full force and effect on the date of the issuance of such Shares.
This opinion is based entirely on our review of the documents listed above and such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion and such investigation of law as we have deemed necessary or
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP | ||||
1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW | ||||
Washington, DC 20004 | +1.202.739.3000 | |||
United States | +1.202.739.3001 |
March 11, 2020
Page 2
appropriate. We have made no other review or investigation of any kind whatsoever, and we have assumed, without independent inquiry, the accuracy of the information set forth in such documents.
As to any opinion below relating to the formation or existence of the Fund under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, our opinion relies entirely upon and is limited by the certificate of public officials referred to in (a) above.
This opinion is limited solely to the internal substantive laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as applied by courts located in Massachusetts (other than Massachusetts securities laws, as to which we express no opinion), to the extent that the same may apply to or govern the transactions referred to herein. No opinion is given herein as to the choice of law that any tribunal may apply to such transactions. In addition, to the extent that the Declaration or the By-Laws refer to, incorporate or require compliance with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), or any other law or regulation applicable to the Fund, except for the internal substantive laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as aforesaid, we have assumed compliance by the Fund with the 1940 Act and such other laws and regulations.
We understand that all of the foregoing assumptions and limitations are acceptable to you.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, please be advised that it is our opinion that:
1. |
The Fund has been formed and is existing under the Funds Declaration and the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as a voluntary association with transferable shares of beneficial interest commonly referred to as a Massachusetts business trust. |
2. |
The Shares, when issued and sold in accordance with the Funds Declaration and By-Laws and for the consideration described in the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts except that, as set forth in the Registration Statement, shareholders of the Fund may under certain circumstances be held personally liable for its obligations. |
This opinion is given as of the date hereof and we assume no obligation to update this opinion to reflect any changes in law or any other facts or circumstances which may hereafter come to our attention. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In rendering this opinion and giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Trustees of
Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund:
We consent to the use of our report dated April 26, 2019, with respect to the financial statements and financial highlights of Nuveen California AMT-Free Quality Municipal Income Fund, as of February 28, 2019, incorporated herein by reference, and to the references to our firm under the headings Financial Highlights and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Prospectus, and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Statement of Additional Information filed on Form N-2.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 11, 2020
|
Nuveen Compliance | 26 August 2019 |
Code of Ethics
SUMMARY AND SCOPE
What the Code is about
Helping to ensure that Nuveen personnel place the interests of Nuveen clients ahead of their own personal interests.
Who the Code applies to and what the implications are
This Code applies to individuals in the following categories:
| Nuveen Employees based in the US or Canada (except employees of Gresham Investment Management LLC, Westchester Group Investment Management, Inc., and any employees of Greenwood Resources, Inc. who are based outside of Portland, Oregon). |
| Employees of any US-registered investment adviser who are based outside the US, except Gresham Investment Management LLC and Greenwood Resources, Inc. |
| Consultants, interns, and temporary workers based in the US or Canada whose contract length is 90 days or more, unless the Nuveen Ethics Office determines otherwise. |
| Any TIAA employees designated as Access Persons by the TIAA-CREF Funds Chief Compliance Officer or the Nuveen Ethics Office. |
Independent directors and trustees of the TIAA-CREF Funds Complex and Nuveen-sponsored or -branded funds have their own Code of Ethics and are not subject to this one.
For individuals who are subject to the Code, there are two designations with different implications: Access Person and Investment Person.
ACCESS PERSON
All Nuveen Employees who are subject to the Code are considered Access Persons, since they have, or could have, access to non-public information about securities transactions and other investments, holdings, or recommendations for Affiliate-Advised Accounts or Portfolios.
Key characteristics of this designation. An individual may be considered an Access Person of multiple advisers affiliated with Nuveen, or of only one. If your regular duties give you access to non-public information, or you are an officer of a Nuveen or TIAA-CREF sponsored or branded fund, your personal trading is generally monitored only against the trading activity of the specific adviser(s) or Affiliated Funds
with which you are involved. For other employees, personal trading is typically monitored against the trading activities of all advisers affiliated with Nuveen. You will generally not be permitted to execute transactions in a security on any day when an Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio managed by the adviser(s) that you are monitored against has a pending buy or sell order for that security.
INVESTMENT PERSON
An Access Person who meets any of the following criteria will in addition be considered an Investment Person:
| The Access Person is a Portfolio Manager, Research Analyst or Research Assistant, or they otherwise participate in making recommendations or decisions concerning the purchase or sale of securities in any Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio. |
| The Access Person has been designated an Investment Person by the Nuveen Ethics Office. |
Key characteristics of this designation. The vast majority of Investment Persons are employees of Nuveens affiliated investment advisers.
An Investment Person is prohibited from transacting in securities during the period starting 7 calendar days before, and ending 7 calendar days after, any trade in an Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio for which he/she has responsibility. In addition, an Investment Persons personal transactions will be reviewed for conflicts in the period starting 7 calendar days before, and ending 7 calendar days after, all trades by their associated investment adviser. In some cases, the Investment Person may be required to reverse a trade and/or forfeit an appropriate portion of any profit as determined by the Nuveen Ethics Office. These consequences can apply whether or not the trade was pre-cleared.
The personal trading of Investment Persons is generally only monitored against the trading activity of the specific adviser for which they have been designated an Investment Person.
Code of Ethics | Page 2 of 8 | |||
|
|
Important to understand
Some of our affiliated investment advisers may have policies of their own that impose additional rules on the same topics covered in this Code. Check with your manager or local/designated Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) if you have questions.
Personal trading is a privilege, not a right. Nuveen Employees are expected to follow the law and adhere to the highest standards of behaviorincluding with respect to personal trading. Any violation of the Code could have severe adverse effects on you, your co-workers, and Nuveen. You may be held personally liable for your conduct and be subject to fines, regulatory sanctions, and even criminal penalties.
Because Nuveen can restrict your trading or take actions such as forcing you to hold a position or to disgorge profits, personal trading carries risks beyond normal market risks.
Some requirements in this Code apply to Household Members. Each Household Member (see Terms with Special Meanings at right) is subject to the same restrictions and requirements that apply to his/her related Nuveen Employee.
The Code does not address every ethical issue that might arise. If you have any doubt at all after consulting the Code, contact the Nuveen Ethics Office for direction.
The Code applies to appearance as well as substance. Always consider how any action might appear to an outside observer (such as a client or regulator).
You are expected to follow the Code both in letter and in spirit. Literal compliance, such as pre-clearing a transaction, does not necessarily protect you from liability for conduct that violates the spirit of the Code. If you have questions about how to comply with this Code, consult the Nuveen Ethics Office.
WHO TO CONTACT
Nuveen Ethics Office (Americas) Hotline: 1-800-842-2733 extension 22-5599 nuveenethicsoffice@nuveen.com
|
TERMS WITH SPECIAL MEANINGS
Within this policy, these terms are defined as follows:
Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio Any Affiliated Fund, or any portfolio or client account advised or sub-advised by Nuveen.
Affiliated Fund Any TIAA-CREF or Nuveen branded or sponsored open-end fund, closed-end fund, or Exchange Traded Fund (ETF), and any third-party fund advised or sub-advised by Nuveen.
Automatic Investment Plan Any program, such as a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP), under which investment account purchases or withdrawals occur according to a predetermined schedule and allocation.
Beneficial Ownership Any interest by which you or any Household Memberdirectly or indirectlyderives a monetary benefit from purchasing, selling, or owning a security or account, or exercises investment discretion.
You have Beneficial Ownership of securities held in accounts in your own name, or any Household Members name, and in all other accounts over which you or any Household Member exercises or may exercise investment decision-making powers, or other influence or control, including trust, partnership, estate, and corporate accounts or other joint ownership or pooling arrangements.
Code This Code of Ethics.
Domestic Partner An individual who is neither a relative of or legally married to a Nuveen Employee, but shares a residence and is in a mutual commitment similar to marriage with such Nuveen Employee.
Federal Securities Laws The applicable portions of any of the following laws, as amended, and of any rules adopted under them by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Department of the Treasury:
Securities Act of 1933.
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Investment Company Act of 1940.
Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.
The Bank Secrecy Act.
Household Member Any of the following who reside, or are expected to reside for at least 90 days a year, in the same household as a Nuveen Employee:
|
Code of Ethics | Page 3 of 8 | |||
|
|
TERMS WITH SPECIAL MEANINGS (continued)
|
||||
Nuveen Nuveen, LLC and all of its direct or indirect subsidiaries worldwide.
Nuveen Employee Any full- or part-time employee of Nuveen, and any consultants, interns or temporary workers designated by the Nuveen Ethics Office.
Private Placement Any offering exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, such as a private equity investment, hedge fund, or limited partnership.
Reportable Account Any account for which you or a Household Member has Beneficial Ownership AND in which securities can be bought or held. This includes, among others:
All Managed Accounts.
Any Nuveen 401(k) plan account.
Any 401(k) plan account from a previous employer that permits transactions in any Reportable Security.
Any direct holding in an Affiliated Fund.
Any retirement account or health savings account (HSA) that permits the purchase of any Reportable Security, and any 529 college savings plan that permits the purchase of Affiliated Funds.
The following are NOT considered Reportable Accounts:
Charitable giving accounts.
Any 401(k) plan account or any other account held directly with a mutual fund complex or mutual fund-only platform in which open-end, non-Affiliated Funds are the only possible investment.
Any cash management account with a broker in which a Reportable Security cannot be purchased or sold.
Any accounts that can invest only in non-Reportable Securities, such as cryptocurrencies or US Treasury securities. |
Reportable Security Any security EXCEPT:
Direct obligations of the US government (indirect obligations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac securities, are reportable).
Certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, commercial paper, and high quality short-term debt (including repurchase agreements).
Money market funds.
Open-end funds that are not Affiliated Funds.
Note that closed-end funds are Reportable Securities.
Reportable Transaction Any transaction involving a Reportable Security EXCEPT:
Transactions in Managed Accounts. Section 16 Persons: Transactions involving Nuveen closed-end funds in any of your Managed Accounts are reportable.
Transactions under an Automatic Investment Plan; note that transactions that override the pre-set schedule or allocation are reportable.
Section 16 Person Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder impose certain obligations on persons specified in section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as well as insiders of any public company that trades on a national stock exchange (such as a Nuveen closed-end fund). For purposes of Section 16, an insider is:
A director of a public company.
A designated officer of a public company.
A person who beneficially owns 10% or more of any class of equity security that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
A portfolio manager of a Nuveen closed-end fund.
Persons subject to Section 16 include portfolio managers of the Nuveen closed-end funds.
|
GENERAL RESTRICTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. |
Never abuse a clients trust, rights, or interests. |
This means you must never do any of the following:
| Engage in any plan or action, or use any device, that would defraud or deceive a client. |
| Make any material statements of fact that are incorrect or misleading, either as to what they include or omit. |
| Engage in any manipulative practice. |
| Use your position (including any knowledge or access to opportunities you have gained by virtue of your position) to personal advantage or to a clients disadvantage. This would include, for example, front-running or tailgating (trading directly before or after the execution of a large client trade order), or any attempt to influence a clients trading to enhance the value of your personal holdings. |
| Conduct personal trading in any way that could be inconsistent with your fiduciary duties to a client (even if it does not technically violate the Code). |
2. |
Handle conflicts of interest appropriately. This applies not only to actual conflicts of interest, but also to any situation that might appear to an outside observer to be improper or a breach of fiduciary duty. |
3. |
Keep confidential information confidential. Always properly safeguard any confidential information you obtain in the course of your work. This includes confidential information related to any of the following: |
| Any Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio and any other financial product offered or serviced by Nuveen. |
| New products, product changes, or business initiatives. |
Code of Ethics | Page 4 of 8 | |||
|
|
| Past, current, and prospective clients, including their identities, investments, and account activity. |
Keeping information confidential means using discretion in disclosing information as well as guarding against unlawful or inappropriate access by others. This includes:
| Making sure no confidential information is visible on your computer screen and desk when you are not there. |
| Not sharing passwords with others. |
| Using caution when discussing business in any location where your conversation could be overheard. Confidential information may be released only as required by law or as permitted under the applicable privacy policy(ies). Consult the Nuveen Ethics Office or your local/designated CCO before releasing any confidential information. |
4. |
Handle Material Non-Public Information properly. Follow all of the terms described in Material Non-Public Information below. Be aware that any failure to handle such information properly is a serious offense and may lead to disciplinary action from Nuveen as well as serious civil or criminal liability. |
5. |
Comply with Federal Securities Laws. Any violation of these laws is punishable as a violation of the Code. |
6. |
Never do anything indirectly that, if done directly, would violate the Code. Such actions will be considered the equivalent of direct Code violations. |
7. |
Promptly alert the Nuveen Ethics Office or your local/designated CCO of any actual or suspected wrongdoing. Examples of wrongdoing include violations of the Federal Securities Laws, misuse of corporate assets, misuse of confidential information, or other violations of the Code. If you prefer to report confidentially, call the TIAA Confidential Helpline at 1-877-774-6492. Note that failure to report suspected wrongdoing in a timely fashion is itself a violation of the Code. |
PRE-CLEARANCE AND
HOLDING REQUIREMENTS
8. |
Pre-clear any trade in Reportable Securities, including certain Affiliated Funds (see box on next page for additional information). |
If your trade requires pre-clearance, request approval through the Protegent PTA system (PTA) before you or any Household Member places an order to buy or sell any Reportable Security. Any approval you receive expires at the end of the day it was granted; however, you may place after-hours trades in international markets until 11:59 PM local time on that day. When requesting pre-clearance, follow this process:
| Request pre-clearance on the same day you want to trade, during standard US trading hours (9:30 AM to 4:00 PM ET). Be sure your pre-clearance request is accurate as to security and direction of trade. |
| Wait for approval to be displayed before trading. If you receive approval, you may only trade that same day, and only within the scope of approval. If you do not receive approval, do not trade. |
| Place day orders only. Do not place good-til-canceled orders. You may place orders for an after-hours trading session or in foreign markets using that days pre-clearance approval, but you must not place any order that could remain open into the next days trading session. |
9. |
Hold positions in securities that are subject to pre-clearance for 60 calendar days, or be prepared to forfeit any gains. Several things to note: |
| You may be required to surrender any gains realized (net of commissions) through a violation of this rule. |
| The 60-day holding requirement is tested on a last- in-first-out basis, across all of your holdings (not just within individual accounts). |
| The 60-day holding requirement extends to any options or other transactions that may have the same effect as a purchase or sale, and to all Reportable Securities except Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs), Unit Investment Trusts (UITs), and open-end Affiliated Funds. Nuveen-branded or sponsored closed-end funds are subject to the 60-day holding requirement. |
| You may sell the security on the 60th day after purchase, provided you obtain pre-clearance or an exemption applies. |
| You may re-purchase a security immediately after executing a sale of that same security, which will trigger a new 60 calendar day holding period. |
| You may close a position at a loss at any time, provided pre-clearance has been obtained or an exemption applies. |
10. |
Comply with trading restrictions described in the prospectuses for all Affiliated Funds. This includes restrictions on frequent trading in shares of any open-end Affiliated Fund. |
11. |
Pre-clear any transaction in a Managed Account that involves your influence. You must also immediately consult with the Nuveen Ethics Office to discuss whether the account in question can properly remain classified as a Managed Account. |
Code of Ethics | Page 5 of 8 | |||
|
|
12. |
Obtain the required approvals before any transaction in a Private Placement. For any private funds advised or sub-advised by Nuveen, you must obtain approval for all transactions (initial investment, subsequent investment, sales/redemptions) except additional capital calls. For all other Private Placements, you must obtain approval for initial and subsequent investments but not sales/redemptions. Approval is required even if the investment is made in a Managed Account. |
WHAT NEEDS TO BE PRE-CLEARED
Pre-clearance required
All actively initiated trades in Reportable Securities, except those listed here under No pre- clearance required.
Restricted stock or employee stock options accrued during prior employment or a Household Members employment require pre-clearance. If pre-clearance is denied, you may contact the Nuveen Ethics Office to request reconsideration.
Be aware that pre-clearance can be withdrawn even after it has been granted, and even after you have traded, if Nuveen later becomes aware of Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio trades whose existence would have resulted in denial of pre-clearance. In these cases you may be required to reverse a trade and/or forfeit an appropriate portion of any profit, as determined by the Nuveen Ethics Office.
Pre-clearance not required
Shares of any open-end mutual fund (including Affiliated Funds).
ETFs, ETNs, UITs.
CDs and commercial paper.
Securities acquired or disposed of through actions outside your control or issued pro rata to all holders of the same class of investment, such as automatic dividend reinvestments, stock splits, mergers, spin-offs, or rights subscriptions.
Sales pursuant to a bona fide tender offer.
Trades made through an Automatic Investment Plan that has been disclosed to the Nuveen Ethics Office in advance.
Trades in a Managed Account (except that you must pre-clear any trades that involve your influence, any initial purchases of private placements, purchases in any equity IPO, and any sales or redemptions of private placements that are branded, sponsored, advised or sub- advised by Nuveen).
Foreign currencies, including futures.
Commodity instruments.
Index options and index futures.
Direct investments in cryptocurrencies.
|
OTHER RESTRICTIONS
13. |
Never knowingly trade any security being traded or considered for trade by any Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio. This applies to employee transactions in securities that are exempt from pre- clearance, and includes equivalent or related securities. |
For example, if a companys common stock is being traded, you may face restrictions on trading any of the companys debt, preferred, or foreign equivalent securities, and from trading or exercising any options based on the companys securities.
14. |
Always prioritize client trades over personal trades. Your fiduciary duties to the client are far more important than your personal trading, which is a privilege and not a right. Never delay or in any way alter the timing or terms of a client trade for your personal benefit. |
15. |
Do not engage in trading that involves single stock futures, uncovered short sales or uncovered options on individual securities. For any short position you must own the underlying security in equal notional value. Options are permitted only to generate income or for hedging (that is, selling calls or writing puts that are offset by existing long positions), with the following exceptions: |
| You may buy or sell (write) uncovered long-term options (those with an expiration of 1 year or more from the date of purchase), subject to the 60-day holding period. |
| Hedging with puts or with shorts against the box is permitted, however, unless the transaction is a covered call (which can be written when you acquire the underlying position), you must first hold the underlying position for 60 days. |
16. |
Never participate in an investment club or similar entity. |
17. |
Do not engage in excessive or inappropriate trading activity. Never let personal trading interfere with your professional duties. The Nuveen Ethics Office and/or your local/designated CCO, in consultation with your manager, will determine what constitutes excessive or inappropriate trading. |
18. |
Pre-clear the sale of securities in a margin account. Margin accounts are permitted, however you must obtain pre-clearance when selling to meet a margin call, even if the transaction is initiated by a broker. |
Code of Ethics | Page 6 of 8 | |||
|
|
19. |
Never purchase an IPO without advance approval. This includes Managed Accounts. Equity IPO participation is generally prohibited, but approval may be granted in special circumstances, such as when: |
| You already have equity in the company and are offered shares. |
| You are a policy holder or depositor in a company that is demutualizing. |
| A family member has been offered shares as an employee. |
Purchases of initial offerings of fixed income securities, convertible securities, preferred securities, open- and closed-end funds, commodity pools, and secondary equity offerings are generally permitted subject to prior approval from the Nuveen Ethics Office.
MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION
What is Material Non-Public Information?
Material Non-Public Information is defined as information regarding any security, securities-based derivatives or issuer of a security that is both material and non-public. Information is material if both of the following are true:
A reasonable investor would likely consider it important when making an investment decision.
Public release of the information would likely affect the price of a security.
Information is generally non-public if it has not been distributed through a widely used public medium, such as a press release or a report, filing or other periodic communication.
Restrictions and requirements
Any time you think you might have, or may be about to, come into possession of Material Non-Public Information (whether in connection with your position at Nuveen or not), alert the Nuveen Ethics Office. Alternatively, you may alert your local/designated CCO or Legal office, who in turn must promptly notify the Nuveen Ethics Office. Follow the instructions you are given.
|
Until you receive further instructions from the Nuveen Ethics Office, your local/designated CCO, or Legal, do not take any action in relation to the information, including trading or recommending the relevant securities or communicating the information to anyone else.
Never make decisions on your own regarding potential Material Non-Public Information, including whether such information is actually Material Non-Public Information or what steps should be taken.
If the Nuveen Ethics Office, your local/designated CCO and/or Legal determine that you have Material Non- Public Information:
Do not buy, sell, gift, or otherwise dispose of the issuers securities, whether on behalf of an Affiliate-Advised Account or Portfolio, yourself, or anyone else.
Do not in any way recommend, encourage, or influence others to transact in the issuers securities, even if you do not specifically disclose or reference the Material Non- Public Information.
Do not communicate the Material Non-Public Information to anyone, whether inside or outside Nuveen, except in discussions with the Nuveen Ethics Office and Legal and as expressly permitted by any confidentiality agreement or supplemental policies and procedures of your business unit.
|
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
UPON BECOMING A NUVEEN EMPLOYEE
20. |
Within 10 calendar days of starting at Nuveen, acknowledge receipt of the Code. This includes certifying that you have read the Code, understand it, recognize that you are subject to it, have complied with all of its applicable requirements, and have submitted all Code-required reports. |
21. |
Within 10 calendar days of starting at Nuveen, use PTA to report all of your Reportable Accounts and holdings in Reportable Securities. |
For each Reportable Account, upload the most recent statement, making sure that it includes information about the broker, dealer, or bank through which the account is held and the type of account.
For each Reportable Security, provide the security name and type, a ticker symbol or CUSIP, the number of shares or units held, and the principal amount (dollar value). This information must be no older than 45 calendar days before your first day of employment.
Note that there are separate procedures for Managed Accounts, as described below in item 24. Within 10 calendar days of starting at Nuveen, report all current investments in private placements (limited offerings). Limited offerings are Reportable Securities.
22. |
Within 30 calendar days of starting at Nuveen, move or close any Reportable Account that is not at an approved firm. This does not include Reportable Accounts that are 401(k), HSA, or 529 accounts. Contact the Nuveen Ethics Office if you are unsure whether your |
Code of Ethics | Page 7 of 8 | |||
|
|
account must be held with an approved firm. The list of approved firms is maintained by the Nuveen Ethics Office and may be accessed on PTA.
Under very limited circumstances, it may be possible to obtain a waiver to keep a Reportable Account at a non- approved firm. Examples include:
| An account owned by a Household Member who works at another financial firm with comparable restrictions. |
| An account that holds securities that cannot be transferred. |
| An account that cannot be moved because of a trust agreement. |
To apply for an exception, contact the Nuveen Ethics Office. For any account granted an exception, arrange for the Nuveen Ethics Office to receive duplicates of all periodic statements. If a firm cannot provide duplicate statements directly to the Nuveen Ethics Office, you must take responsibility for providing them yourself. In all cases, if your accounts are not held at an approved firm, you must manually enter all executed transactions in PTA within 5 days of execution.
At the discretion of the Nuveen Ethics Office, some consultants and temporary workers may not be required to move or close Reportable Accounts.
WHEN OPENING ANY NEW REPORTABLE ACCOUNT (INCLUDING A MANAGED ACCOUNT)
23. |
Get pre-approval for any new Managed Account before any trading activity commences. Using the appropriate form (available from the Nuveen Ethics Office), provide representations that support the classification of the account as a Managed Account. For an account to be classified as a Managed Account, the account owner must have no direct or indirect influence or control over the securities in the account. The form must be signed by the accounts broker or investment manager and by all account owners. You may be asked periodically to confirm these representations. |
Note that if the Managed Account is not maintained at an approved firm, you are also responsible for providing duplicate statements for the Managed Account to the Ethics Office, if requested.
24. |
Report any new Reportable Account (other than a Managed Account) that is opened with an approved firm. Do this within 10 calendar days of the date you or a Household Member opens the account or an account becomes a Reportable Account through marriage, cohabitation, divorce, death, or another event. |
EVERY QUARTER
25. |
Within 30 calendar days of the end of each calendar quarter, verify in PTA that all Reportable Transactions made during that quarter have been reported. PTA will display all transactions of yours for which it has received notice (except transactions in your TIAA pension or and retirement plan accounts, which you are not required to report because the firm accesses this informaiton directly). For any other Reportable Transactions not displayed, or displayed inaccurately, you are responsible for making any necessary revisions in PTA to complete your certification. |
26. |
For each Reportable Transaction, you must provide, as applicable, the transaction date, security name and type, ticker symbol or CUSIP, interest rate (coupon) and maturity date, number of shares, price at which the transaction was effected, principal amount (dollar value), the nature of the trade (buy or sell), and the name of the broker, dealer, or bank that effected the transaction. It is very important that you carefully review and verify the transactions and related details displayed on PTA, checking for accuracy and completeness. Once again, if you find any errors or omissions, correct or add to your list of transactions in PTA. |
EVERY YEAR
27. |
Within 45 calendar days of the end of each calendar year, acknowledge receipt of the most recent version of the Code and certify in PTA as to your Annual Holdings and Accounts Report. |
The report must contain the information described in item 20 above, and include your certification that you have reported all Reportable Accounts, and all holdings in Reportable Securities at year end.
If any of your holdings in Reportable Securities are not displayed in PTA or are displayed inaccurately, you are responsible for making any necessary revisions in PTA to complete your certification.
In addition, you must affirm each year through PTA that each Managed Account is properly classified as a Managed Account, for yourself and on behalf of any Household Member. This separate certification does not require broker or investment manager involvement.
You also must acknowledge any amendments to the Code that occur during the course of the year.
Code of Ethics | Page 8 of 8 | |||
|
|
ADDITIONAL RULES FOR SECTION 16 PERSONS
Pre-clear (through PTA) any transactions in Nuveen closed-end funds and any other closed-end funds of which you are a Section 16 Person. Your request will be reviewed by Legal.
Pre-clear buy/sell transactions involving any Nuveen closed-end funds within your Managed Account(s).
When selling for a gain any securities you buy that are issued by the entity of which you are a Section 16 Person, make sure it is at least 6 months after your most recent purchase of that security. This rule extends to any options or other transactions that may have the same effect as a purchase or sale, and is tested on a last-in- first-out basis. You may be required to surrender any gains realized through a violation of this rule. Note that for any fund of which you are a Section 16 Person, no exception from pre-clearance is available.
Promptly email details of all executed transactions in these securities to the appropriate contact in Legal.
See the Nuveen Funds Section 16 Policy and Procedures for additional information.
If you are unsure whether you are a Section 16 Person, contact Legal or the Nuveen Ethics Office.
|
CODE ADMINISTRATION
Training
You will be required to participate in training on the Code when joining Nuveen as well as periodically during the time you are subject to the Code.
Exceptions
The Code exists to prevent violations of law. The Nuveen Ethics Office may, under certain circumstances, grant waivers from a Code requirement. No waivers or exceptions that would violate any law will be granted.
Monitoring
The Nuveen Ethics Office is responsible for monitoring transactions and holdings for any violations of this Code.
Consequences of violation
Any individual who violates the Code is subject to penalty. Penalties could include, among other possibilities, a written warning, restriction of trading privileges, disgorgement of trading profits, fines, and suspension or termination of employment.
Applicable rules
The Code has been adopted in recognition of Nuveens fiduciary obligations to clients and in accordance with various provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. This Code is also adopted by the Affiliated Funds advised by Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, TIAA-CREF Investment Management, LLC and Teachers Advisors, LLC under Rule 17j-1.
Some elements of the Code also constitute part of Nuveens response to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) requirements that apply to registered personnel of Nuveen Securities, LLC.
|
Nuveen Funds
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees
I. |
Summary |
a. |
Purpose |
The purpose of this Code is to help to ensure that the Independent Directors/Trustees (Trustees) of the Nuveen Funds place the interests of the Nuveen Funds and their shareholders ahead of the Trustees own personal interests. This Code has been adopted in recognition of Nuveens and the Trustees fiduciary obligations to Nuveen Fund shareholders and in accordance with various provisions of Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
b. |
Important to understand |
The securities industry is highly regulated and its participants are expected to adhere to high standards of behavior, including in their personal trading. A violation of the Code can have an adverse effect on you, your fellow Trustees, and Nuveen, as well as the Funds and their shareholders. The Code does not address every ethical issue that might arise.
It is important for Trustees to be sensitive to investments that may compromise your independence, directly or indirectly. The Code applies to appearance as well as substance. Always consider how any action might appear to an outside observer such as a regulator. If you have any doubt after consulting the Code, contact Legal or Compliance.
For purposes of this Policy, the obligations and requirements for Independent Trustees also covers the Independent Trustees Household Members (as defined herein) and covers any account for which the Independent Trustee or Household Member has Beneficial Ownership (also as defined herein).
c. |
Terms with Special Meanings |
i. | Beneficial Ownership: Any interest by which you or any Household Member directly or indirectly derives a monetary benefit from purchasing, selling, or owning a security or account, or exercises investment discretion. |
You have Beneficial Ownership of securities held in accounts in your own name, or any Household Members name, and in all other accounts over which you or any Household Member exercise or may exercise investment decision-making powers, or other influence or control, including trust, partnership, estate, and corporate accounts or other joint ownership or pooling arrangements.
ii. | Code. This Code of Ethics. |
iii. | Household Member: Any of the following who reside, or are expected to reside for at least 90 days a year, in the same household as an Independent Trustee: Spouse or Domestic Partner, Sibling, Child, Stepchild, Grandchild, Parent, Stepparent, Grandparent, In-laws (mother, father, son, daughter, brother, sister). |
iv. | Inside Information: Inside information is information that is both material and non-public. Information is material if: (1) a reasonable investor would likely consider it important when making an investment decision; and (2) public release of the information would likely affect the price of a security. Information is non-public if it has not been distributed through a widely used public medium such as a press release or a report, filing or other periodic communication. |
v. | Nuveen: Nuveen, LLC. and all of its direct or indirect subsidiaries. |
vi. | Nuveen Fund: Any Nuveen-sponsored open-end fund, closed-end fund, or exchange traded fund (respectively, OEF, CEF, and ETF) |
vii. | NFAL: Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC |
viii. | Trustee: Any director or trustee of a Nuveen Fund advised by NFAL who is not an interested person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Any Interested Trustee is covered by the applicable Nuveen Code of Ethics along with other Nuveen employees. |
II. |
Restrictions and requirements |
a. |
Do not purchase or sell common or preferred shares of any Nuveen CEF without prior approval from Nuveen Legal. The procedures are found in the Director Handbook located in the boards online portal at https://nuveen.boardvantage.com under the Resources folder. |
b. |
Do not purchase and sell or sell and purchase a Nuveen CEF within 6 months at a profit. |
c. |
Do not purchase or sell any securities if you know at the time of the proposed transaction that a Nuveen Fund has purchased or sold the same securities within the past 15 days, or is considering purchasing or selling the same securities within the next 15 days. This is the 15 day window. |
d. |
Avoid conflicts of interest. This applies not only to actual conflicts of interest, but also to any situation that might appear to an outside observer to be improper or a breach of fiduciary duty. |
e. |
Keep confidential information regarding the Nuveen Funds, including information regarding securities held in or under consideration for a Nuveen Fund, confidential. |
f. |
Comply with trading restrictions found in the prospectuses for the Nuveen Funds. This includes restrictions on frequent trading in shares of any Nuveen OEF. |
g. |
Never do anything indirectly that, if done directly, would violate the Code. Such actions will be considered the equivalent of direct Code violations. |
h. |
Promptly alert Compliance of any actual or suspected wrongdoing. |
2
III. |
Actions to Take |
a. |
When you become an Independent Trustee: Sign an acknowledgement that you have received this Code. |
b. |
If you want to trade in a security within the 15-day window (described above) |
i. | Contact Legal to pre-clear your trade. |
ii. | Submit a quarterly transaction report to Compliance within 30 days after the end of the quarter in which the transaction takes place. |
c. |
If you want to trade in common or preferred shares of any Nuveen CEF |
i. | Contact Legal to pre-clear your trade. |
ii. | After you have purchased or sold the shares, immediately notify Legal and Compliance of the number of shares and the price. |
d. |
Section 16 CEF Insider Requirements |
i. | Reporting Requirements Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act required officers and directors of certain publicly-traded companies to report promptly to the SEC their trades in the company of which they are an insider. As an Independent Trustee, you are considered an insider of the Nuveen CEFs and must report your trades in Nuveen CEF shares. Please also see III.c.ii. above. |
ii. | Short Swing Profit Prohibition Section 16 insiders are also subject to a ban on short-swing profits from sales of shares of the company. This means that you may not profit from any purchase and any sale of Nuveen CEF shares within 6 months of each other. You must surrender to the Nuveen CEF in question any profits from such trades. This extends to options or other transactions that may have the same effect as a purchase or sale. Please also see II.b. above. |
e. |
During the year: Acknowledge receipt of any material amendments to the Code. Your approval of such changes may serve as the acknowledgment. |
IV. |
Administration of this Code |
a. |
Training: A Nuveen representative will review this Code with you when you join the Board. |
b. |
Exceptions: The Code exists to ensure that Trustees place the interests of the Nuveen Funds and shareholders ahead of Trustees own personal interests. No exceptions that would violate that principle will be granted. |
3
c. |
Reporting and enforcement: Compliance will alert the Nuveen Fund Board to any known violations of this Code. The Nuveen Fund Board shall determine what action is appropriate for any breach of the provisions of this Code by a Trustee. |
V. |
Responsible Parties |
Fund Board Relations |
Legal |
Compliance (Fund and Ethics Office) |
Effective: January 1, 2013
Amended: May 23, 2019
4
Appendix
Policy Governance
Approval Date: See Policy
Approver: NFAL Compliance Committee
Review Date: 4/30/19
Effective Date: See Policy
Policy Leader: Fund Compliance
Policy Owner: See Responsible Party Section of Policy
5
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in his capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Jack B. Evans |
Jack B. Evans |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in his capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ William C. Hunter |
William C. Hunter |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in his capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Albin F. Moschner |
Albin F. Moschner |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in his capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ John K. Nelson |
John K. Nelson |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in her capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for her and on her behalf and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as she might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set her hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Judith M. Stockdale |
Judith M. Stockdale |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in her capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for her and on her behalf and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as she might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set her hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Carole E. Stone |
Carole E. Stone |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in his capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Terence J. Toth |
Terence J. Toth |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in her capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for her and on her behalf and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as she might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set her hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Margaret L. Wolff |
Margaret L. Wolff |
NUVEEN CLOSED-END FUNDS
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned, in his capacity as a director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations listed on Appendix A hereto (the Funds), hereby constitutes and appoints MARK CZARNIECKI, DIANA R. GONZALEZ, KEVIN J. McCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER M. ROHRBACHER, MARK L. WINGET, GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN and ERIC F. FESS, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file the Funds Registration Statements on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 registering shares of the Funds, including any pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, with all exhibits, and any and all other documents required to be filed with any regulatory authority, federal or state, relating to the registration thereof, or the issuance of shares thereof, without limitation, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director/trustee of the above-referenced organizations has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of October 2018.
/s/ Robert L. Young |
Robert L. Young |
APPENDIX A
NUVEEN ALL CAP ENERGY MLP OPPORTUNITIES FUND (JMLP) |
NUVEEN AMT-FREE MUNICIPAL VALUE FUND (NUW) |
NUVEEN ARIZONA QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND (NAZ) |
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA AMT-FREE QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND (NKX) |
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND (NAC) |
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA MUNICIPAL VALUE FUND, INC. (NCA) |
NUVEEN CALIFORNIA SELECT TAX-FREE INCOME PORTFOLIO (NXC) |
NUVEEN CORE EQUITY ALPHA FUND (JCE) |
NUVEEN CREDIT STRATEGIES INCOME FUND (JQC) |
NUVEEN DOW 30 DYNAMIC OVERWRITE FUND (DIAX) |
NUVEEN ENERGY MLP TOTAL RETURN FUND (JMF) |
NUVEEN ENHANCED MUNICIPAL VALUE FUND (NEV) |
NUVEEN FLOATING RATE INCOME FUND (JFR) |
NUVEEN FLOATING RATE INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND (JRO) |
NUVEEN HIGH INCOME 2020 TARGET TERM FUND (JHY) |
NUVEEN MINNESOTA QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND (NMS) |
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND (NMZ) |
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC. (NMI) |
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL VALUE FUND, INC. (NUV) |
NUVEEN NASDAQ 100 DYNAMIC OVERWRITE FUND (QQQX) |
NUVEEN REAL ESTATE INCOME FUND (JRS) |
NUVEEN S&P BUY-WRITE INCOME FUND (BXMX) |
NUVEEN S&P 500 DYNAMIC OVERWRITE FUND (SPXX) |
NUVEEN SELECT TAX-FREE INCOME PORTFOLIO (NXP) |
NUVEEN SELECT TAX-FREE INCOME PORTFOLIO 2 (NXQ) |
NUVEEN SELECT TAX-FREE INCOME PORTFOLIO 3 (NXR) |
NUVEEN SENIOR INCOME FUND (NSL) |
NUVEEN SHORT DURATION CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES FUND (JSD) |
NUVEEN TEXAS QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND (NTX) |
NUVEEN VIRGINIA QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND (NPV) |