TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LTD (Form: F-3, Received: 07/31/2020 16:13:19)

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 2020

Registration No. 333-

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM F-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)

Bermuda

Not Required

(State or other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

367 SYNGROU AVENUE

175 64 P. FALIRO

ATHENS, GREECE

011 30 210 9407710

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Puglisi & Associates

850 Library Avenue, Suite 204

Newark, Delaware 19711

(302) 738-6680

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Copies to:

FINN MURPHY

MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP

101 PARK AVENUE

NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10178

(212) 309-6704

(212) 309-6001 (facsimile)

Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale of the Securities to the Public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE



Title of each class of securities to be registered	Amount to be registered⁽¹⁾⁽⁴⁾	Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit⁽²⁾	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾	Amount of Registration Fee⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
Common Shares, $5.00 par value per share⁽⁵⁾
Preferred Shares, $1.00 par value per share
Warrants
Rights
Debt Securities
Depositary Shares
Purchase Contracts
Units
Subtotal	$500,000,000		$500,000,000	$23,883.20
Common Shares, $5.00 par value per share⁽⁶⁾	6,325,604	$8.91	$56,361,132	$763.28
8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares⁽⁶⁾	280,544	$25.10	$7,041,655	$114.60
8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares⁽⁶⁾	308,171	$20.32	$6,262,035	$280.29
Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares⁽⁶⁾	145,000	$19.49	$2,826,050	$63.24
Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares⁽⁶⁾	215,000	$19.59	$4,211,850	$546.70
Total			$576,702,722	$25,651.31

(1)

An indeterminate aggregate initial offering price or number of the securities of each identified class is being registered as may be sold from time to time at indeterminate prices, with any initial offering price not to exceed $500,000,000. In addition, up to 6,325,604 common shares, 280,544 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series C Preferred Shares”), 308,171 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series D Preferred Shares”), 145,000 Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series E Preferred Shares”) and 215,000 Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series F Preferred Shares”) may be sold by or on behalf of selling shareholders, or their donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest, who will be named in a supplement to the prospectus forming part of this Registration Statement. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units or represented by depositary shares.

(2)

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of each class of securities will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of securities pursuant to the General Instruction II.C. of Form F-3 under the Securities Act of 1933.

(3)

Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to the securities to be sold by the registrant and pursuant to Rule 457(c) with respect to the 6,325,604 common shares, 280,544 Series C Preferred Shares, 308,171 Series D Preferred Shares, 145,000 Series E Preferred Shares and 215,000 Series F Preferred Shares to be sold by the selling shareholders. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the 6,325,604 common shares, 280,544 Series C Preferred Shares, 308,171 Series D Preferred Shares, 145,000 Series E Preferred Shares and 215,000 Series F Preferred Shares to be sold by the selling shareholders is based on the average of the high and low sale prices per share on July 24, 2020. In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities sold by the registrant from time to time pursuant to this Registration Statement exceed $500,000,000.

(4)

Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) of the Securities Act of 1933, the securities registered pursuant to this registration statement include, as of the date of filing of this registration statement, $316,000,000 of unsold securities registered for sale by the registrant on the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-219569), which we refer to as the Prior Registration Statement, for which filing fees of $37,604.80 were previously paid (based on fee rates previously in effect), and 5,665,627 (28,328,135 prior to the 1-for-5 reverse share split effected on July 1, 2020) unsold common shares for which filing fees of $24,220.67 were previously paid (based on fee rates previously in effect), 245,370 unsold 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series C Preferred Shares”) for which filing fees of $730.59 were previously paid (based on fee rates previously in effect), 201,900 unsold 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series D Preferred Shares”) for which filing fees of $593.90 were previously paid (based on fee rates previously in effect), and 120,000 unsold Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series E Preferred Shares”) for which filing fees of $352.29 were previously paid (based on fee rates previously in effect), registered for sale by selling shareholders previously registered on the Prior Registration Statement. Such previously paid registration fees will continue to be applied to such unsold securities set forth in the preceding sentence. Accordingly, the registration fee paid in connection with the filing of this Registration Statement is calculated only with respect to the $184,000,000 aggregate amount of new securities to be registered hereby for sale by the registrant and 659,977 additional common shares, 35,174 additional Series C Preferred Shares, 106,271 additional Series D Preferred Shares and 25,000 additional Series E Preferred Shares, as well as the 215,000 Series F Preferred Shares, to be registered hereby for sale by the selling shareholders. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6), the offering of the unsold securities registered under the Prior Registration Statement will be

deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this registration statement. If any of such unsold securities are sold pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement after the date of this filing, and prior to the date of effectiveness of this registration statement, the registrant will file a pre-effective amendment to this registration statement which will reduce the number of such unsold securities included on this registration statement and, in the case of sales by the registrant, increase the additional securities registered hereon so that the total amount of securities registered hereon for sale by the registrant will equal $500,000,000, and will pay the additional registration fee resulting therefrom, and in the case of sales by a selling shareholder, reduce the number of such type of shares to be registered hereby for sale by selling shareholders by an amount equivalent to the amount of shares sold.

(5)

Subject to the maximum aggregate offering price of all securities sold hereunder set forth above, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of common shares as may from time to time be sold at indeterminate prices hereunder, and an indeterminate number of common shares as may from time to time be issued upon conversion of convertible securities and upon exercise of warrants and rights, which may be sold hereunder. Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act, to the extent additional common shares may be issued or issuable to prevent dilution resulting from share splits, stock dividends or similar transactions at any time while this Registration Statement is in effect, this Registration Statement is hereby deemed to cover all of such additional common shares.

(6)

These common shares and preferred shares may be sold by or on behalf of selling shareholders or their donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest, who will be named in a prospectus supplement or a report filed under Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

This information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We and the selling shareholders may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 31, 2020

PROSPECTUS

$500,000,000

TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

DEBT SECURITIES

WARRANTS

RIGHTS

DEPOSITARY SHARES

PURCHASE CONTRACTS

UNITS

COMMON SHARES

PREFERRED SHARES

We may offer debt securities, warrants, rights, depositary shares, purchase contracts, units, common shares or preferred shares from time to time. We may also offer securities of the types listed above that are convertible or exchangeable into one or more of the other securities so listed. When we decide to sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the offered securities in a prospectus supplement. The securities offered by us pursuant to this prospectus will have an aggregate public offering price of up to $500,000,000.

In addition, the selling shareholders or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, who will be named in a prospectus supplement or a periodic report, may offer and sell from time to time up to 6,325,604 common shares; 280,544 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series C Preferred Shares”), 308,171 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series D Preferred Shares”), 145,000 Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series E Preferred Shares”) and 215,000 Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series F Preferred Shares”). We will not receive any of the proceeds from any such sales of common shares and preferred shares. Such common shares and preferred shares may also be sold in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) rather than under this prospectus.

The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold from time to time in one or more offerings, which may be through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers. The names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, will be included in a supplement to this prospectus.

This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities and the general manner in which they may be offered. The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus.

Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TNP.” The last reported sale price of our common shares on the New York Stock Exchange on July 30, 2020 was $9.05 per share.

Our Series C Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR C.” The last reported sale price of our Series C Preferred Shares on the NYSE on July 30, 2020 was $25.15 per share.

Our Series D Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR D.” The last reported sale price of our Series D Preferred Shares on the NYSE on July 30, 2020 was $20.27 per share.

Our Series E Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR E” The last reported sale price of our Series E Preferred Shares on the NYSE on July 30, 2020 was $19.23 per share.

Our Series F Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR F” The last reported sale price of our Series F Preferred Shares on the NYSE on July 30, 2020 was $19.10 per share.

Our principal offices are located at 367 Syngrou Avenue, 175 64 P. Faliro, Athens, Greece. Our telephone number at such address is 011 30 210 9407710.

Investing in our securities involves risks. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” on page 1 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or other securities commission, the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda nor the Bermuda Monetary Authority has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus dated , 2020.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			ii

RISK FACTORS			1

SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITIES			1

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			1

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY			2

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION			4

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE			4

USE OF PROCEEDS			6

CAPITALIZATION			7

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER			8

DEBT SECURITIES			8

WARRANTS			16

RIGHTS			17

DEPOSITARY SHARES			17

PURCHASE CONTRACTS			20

UNITS			21

CONVERTIBLE OR EXCHANGEABLE SECURITIES			21

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL			22

FORM, EXCHANGE AND TRANSFER			31

BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT			32

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS			33

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			34

LEGAL MATTERS			37

EXPERTS			37

You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, as well as the information incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any documents incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference contain forward-looking statements based on beliefs of our management. Any statements contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated herein and therein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events, including:

•

future operating or financial results and future revenues and expenses;

•

future, pending or recent business and vessel acquisitions, business strategy, areas of possible expansion and expected capital spending and our ability to fund such expenditures;

•

operating expenses including the availability of key employees, crew, length and number of off-hire days, dry-docking requirements and fuel and insurance costs;

•

general market conditions and shipping industry trends, including charter rates, vessel values and factors affecting supply and demand of crude oil, petroleum products and LNG, including the impact of the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 virus and the ongoing efforts throughout the world to contain it;

•

our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to make required payments under our credit facilities, comply with our loan covenants and obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other corporate activities;

•

the overall health and condition of the U.S. and global financial markets, including the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;

•

the carrying value of our vessels and the potential for any asset impairments;

•

our expectations about the time that it may take to construct and deliver new vessels or the useful lives of our vessels;

•

our continued ability to enter into period time charters with our customers and secure profitable employment for our vessels in the spot market;

•

the ability and willingness of our counterparties, including our charterers and shipyards, to honor their contractual obligations;

•

our expectations relating to dividend payments and ability to make such payments;

•

our ability to leverage to our advantage the relationships and reputation of Tsakos Columbia Shipmanagement within the shipping industry;

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our anticipated general and administrative expenses;

•

environmental and regulatory conditions, including changes in laws and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities;

•

risks inherent in vessel operation, including terrorism, piracy and discharge of pollutants;

•

potential liability from future litigation;

•

global and regional political conditions;

•

tanker, product carrier and LNG carrier supply and demand; and

•

other factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F.

The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “potential,” “should” and similar expressions as they relate to us are intended to identify such forward-looking

statements. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and represent only our management’s belief as of the date hereof, and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and inversely from expectations expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements.

Assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and these differences can be material. There are a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, which affect our operations, performance, business strategy and results and could cause actual reported results and performance to differ materially from the performance and expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, supply and demand for crude oil, product and LNG tankers, charter rates and vessel values, supply and demand for crude oil, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, accidents, collisions and spills, environmental and other government regulation, the availability of debt financing, fluctuation of currency exchange and interest rates and the other risks and uncertainties discussed more fully under “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F most recently filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in our other filings with the SEC. We caution readers of this prospectus and any prospectus supplement not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

iii

RISK FACTORS

Investing in the securities to be offered pursuant to this prospectus may involve certain risks. You should carefully consider the important factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, and in any Reports on Form 6-K we subsequently file which are incorporated herein by reference and in any accompanying prospectus supplement before investing in any securities that may be offered.

SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITIES

We are a Bermuda company and our subsidiaries are organized under the laws of Liberia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Greece and Panama. As a result of being a Bermuda company, the rights of holders of our shares will be governed by Bermuda law, and our memorandum of association and bye-laws. The rights of shareholders under Bermuda law may differ from the rights of shareholders of companies incorporated in other jurisdictions. Most of our directors and executive officers are residents of countries other than the United States. Substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and a substantial portion of the assets of our directors and officers are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for United States investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us, our subsidiaries or those of our directors and officers who are not resident here or to realize against them judgments obtained in the United States courts. In addition, you should not assume that courts in countries in which we or our subsidiaries are incorporated or where our assets or the assets of our subsidiaries are located:

•

would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or our subsidiaries based upon civil liabilities provisions of applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws; or

•

would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or our subsidiaries based upon these laws.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we may sell from time to time any combination of the securities described in this prospectus having an aggregate public offering price of $500,000,000 and any selling shareholders may sell up to 6,325,604 common shares, 280,544 Series C Preferred Shares, 308,171 Series D Preferred Shares, 145,000 Series E Preferred Shares and 215,000 Series F Preferred Shares, in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. When we or the selling shareholders sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary provides a brief overview of the key aspects of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and certain material terms of the securities that may be offered that are known as of the date of this prospectus. When we use the words “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “ours” and “our,” we are referring to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries. For a more complete understanding of the terms of a particular issuance of offered securities, and before making your investment decision, you should carefully read:

•

this prospectus, which explains the general terms of the securities that we may offer;

•

the accompanying prospectus supplement for such issuance, which explains the specific terms of the securities being offered and which may update or change information in this prospectus; and

•

the documents referred to in “Where You Can Find Additional Information” for information about us, including our financial statements.

Our Company

Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited is a leading provider of international crude oil, petroleum product and liquefied natural gas (LNG) seaborne transportation services. As of July 31, 2020, we operated a diversified fleet of 64 double-hull vessels in the water, constituting a mix of modern crude oil carriers, petroleum product tankers and LNG carriers that provide world-wide marine transportation services for national, major and other independent oil companies and refiners under long, medium and short-term charters, and agreements for the construction of one LNG carrier, two suezmax tankers and up to three suezmax DP2 shuttle tankers (which includes two suezmax DP2 shuttle tankers subject to our option), aggregating approximately 8.0 million dwt. We believe that we have established a reputation as a safe, reliable and cost efficient operator of modern and well-maintained tankers. We also believe that these attributes, together with our strategy of proactively working towards meeting our customers’ chartering needs, has contributed to our ability to attract world-class energy producers, many of them on a repeat basis, and to our success in obtaining charter renewals, generating strong fleet utilization.

Our fleet is managed by Tsakos Energy Management Limited, or Tsakos Energy Management, a company owned by our chief executive officer. Tsakos Energy Management provides us with strategic advisory, financial, accounting and administrative services, while subcontracting the commercial management of our business to Tsakos Shipping & Trading, S.A. or Tsakos Shipping. In its capacity as commercial manager, Tsakos Shipping manages vessel purchases and sales and identifies and negotiates charter opportunities for our fleet. Tsakos Energy Management subcontracts the technical and operational management of our fleet to Tsakos Columbia Shipmanagement S.A., or TCM. TCM was formed by Tsakos family interests and a German private company, the owner of the internationally-known ship management company Columbia Shipmanagement Ltd., or CSM, as a joint-venture ship management company on an equal partnership basis to provide technical and operational management services to owners of vessels, primarily within the Greece-based market. TCM manages the technical and operational activities of most of our vessels. In its capacity as technical manager, TCM manages our day-to-day vessel operations, including maintenance and repair, crewing and supervising newbuilding construction. Tsakos Shipping continues to provide commercial management services for our vessels, which include chartering, charterer relations and vessel sale and purchase.

We are a Bermuda company. Our principal executive office is at 367 Syngrou Avenue, 175 64 P. Faliro, Athens, Greece, and our telephone number from the United States is 011 30 210 9407710.

The Securities We May Offer

We may use this prospectus to offer any of the following types of securities having an aggregate public offering price of $500,000,000:

•

debt securities;

•

warrants;

•

rights;

•

depositary shares;

•

purchase contracts;

•

units;

•

common shares; and

•

preferred shares.

We may issue securities of the types listed above which are convertible or exchangeable for other securities so listed.

When we decide to sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the offered securities in a prospectus supplement. In addition, any selling shareholders or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, may offer and sell from time to time up to 6,325,604 common shares, 280,544 Series C Preferred Shares, 308,171 Series D Preferred Shares, 145,000 Series E Preferred Shares and 215,000 Series F Preferred Shares, using this prospectus and any prospectus supplement.

A prospectus supplement will describe the specific types, amounts, prices, and detailed terms of any of these offered securities and may describe certain risks associated with an investment in the securities. Terms used in the prospectus supplement will have the meanings described in this prospectus, unless otherwise specified.

Listing

Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TNP”. Our Series C Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR C”; our Series D Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR D”; our Series E Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR E” and our Series F Preferred Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TNP PR F”.

If any other securities are to be listed or quoted on a securities exchange or quotation system, the applicable prospectus supplement will so state.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

As required by the Securities Act, we have filed a registration statement relating to the securities offered by this prospectus with the SEC. This prospectus is a part of that registration statement, which includes additional information.

We file annual and other reports and other information with the SEC. Such filings are available to the public from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any documents we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also inspect our SEC filings at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with the SEC, by referring you to other documents filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Any information that we file later with the SEC and that is deemed incorporated by reference will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. In all such cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or in any earlier incorporated document. You should not assume that information in any document incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement is current as of any date other than the date of that document.

This prospectus will be deemed to incorporate by reference the following documents:

•

our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on April 14, 2020;

•

our Reports on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on July 7, 2020 and July 31, 2020;

•

the description of our common shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on February 8, 2002, and any amendments or reports filed updating that description;

•

the description of our 8.875% Series C cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on September 30, 2013, as amended by Form 8-A/A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on October 26, 2015;

•

the description of our 8.75% Series D cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on April 24, 2015;

•

the description of our Series E fixed-to-floating rate cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on April 4, 2017; and

•

the description of our Series F fixed-to-floating rate cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred shares in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-31236), filed with the SEC on June 27, 2018.

We will also incorporate by reference all subsequent Annual Reports on Form 20-F that we file with the SEC. In addition, we will incorporate by reference certain future materials furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K after the date of the initial registration statement, but only to the extent specifically indicated in those submissions or in a future prospectus supplement. Each subsequently filed Annual Report should be deemed to supersede entirely each earlier filed Annual Report and the materials furnished on an earlier Form 6-K and, unless explicitly stated otherwise, such earlier reports should not be deemed to be part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement and you should not rely upon statements made in those earlier periodic reports. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited

367 Syngrou Avenue

175 64 P. Faliro

Athens, Greece

Tel. 011 30 210 94 07710

Attention: George Saroglou

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds received from the sale of the securities we offer by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things:

•

the acquisition of vessels;

•

additions to working capital; and

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the repayment of indebtedness.

We may raise additional funds from time to time through equity or debt financings not involving the issuance of securities described in this prospectus, including borrowings under credit facilities, to finance our business and operations and our vessel acquisitions.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from any sale of common shares or preferred shares by the selling shareholders or by their respective pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest.

CAPITALIZATION

Our capitalization will be set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F or a Report on Form 6-K which is incorporated herein by reference, or in a prospectus supplement.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

DEBT SECURITIES

In this section, references to “holders” mean those who own debt securities registered in their own names on the books that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited or the indenture trustee maintains for this purpose, and not those who own beneficial interests in debt securities registered in street name or in debt securities issued in book-entry form through one or more depositaries. Owners of beneficial interests in the debt securities should read the section below entitled “Book-Entry Procedures and Settlement.”

General

We may offer debt securities. As used in this prospectus, “debt securities” means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue from time to time. Debt securities offered by this prospectus will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. Senior debt securities will be issued under a “Senior Indenture” to be entered into later between us and a trustee and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a “Subordinated Indenture” to be entered into later between us and a trustee. This prospectus sometimes refers to the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture collectively as the “Indentures.”

The form of Senior Indenture and the form of the Subordinated Indenture are filed as exhibits to the registration statement. The statements and descriptions in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement regarding provisions of the Indentures and debt securities are summaries thereof, do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Indentures and debt securities, including the definitions therein of certain terms.

Debt securities will be direct obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited. Senior debt securities will rank equally with all of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s present and future senior indebtedness.

Because Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited is principally a holding company, its right to participate in any distribution of assets of any subsidiary, upon the subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization or otherwise, is subject to the prior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may be recognized as a creditor of that subsidiary. Accordingly, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s obligations under debt securities will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of its subsidiaries, and holders of debt securities should look only to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s assets for payment thereunder.

The Indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue and provide that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable Indenture.

Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities being offered. These terms will include some or all of the following:

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the title of the series and whether they are subordinated debt securities or senior debt securities;

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any limit on the aggregate principal amount of such debt securities;

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the price or prices at which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will sell such debt securities;

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the maturity date or dates of such debt securities;

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the rate or rates of interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, at which such debt securities will bear interest, or the method of determining such rate or rates, if any;

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the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

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the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

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whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments;

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the dates on which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will pay interest on such debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date;

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whether the debt securities will be secured or unsecured;

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the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities will be payable;

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if Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited possesses the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may redeem such debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;

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Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase such debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will redeem, repay or purchase such debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation;

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the denominations in which such debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000;

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the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of such debt securities which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with an Event of Default (as described below), if other than the full principal amount;

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the currency, currencies or currency unit in which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on such debt securities, if not United States dollars;

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provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of such debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;

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any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable Indenture;

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the application, if any, of the terms of the Indentures relating to defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to such debt securities;

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whether the subordination provisions summarized below or different subordination provisions will apply to such debt securities;

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the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange such debt securities into or for Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s common stock, preferred stock or other debt securities;

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whether any of such debt securities will be issued in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which global debt securities may be exchanged for certificated debt securities;

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any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of such debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an Event of Default;

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the depositary for global or certificated debt securities;

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any special tax implications of such debt securities;

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any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to such debt securities; and

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any other terms of such debt securities.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities will not be listed on any securities exchange.

Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. Debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.

Subordination

The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the applicable prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s Senior Indebtedness, to the extent and in the manner set forth in the Subordinated Indenture.

Under the Subordinated Indenture, “Senior Indebtedness” means all obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in respect of any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the Subordinated Indenture or thereafter incurred or created:

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the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on indebtedness of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for borrowed money;

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all obligations guaranteed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the repayment of borrowed money, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other written instruments;

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all obligations guaranteed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar written instruments, including obligations assumed or incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses (provided, however, that the deferred purchase price of any other business or property or assets shall not be considered indebtedness if the purchase price thereof is payable in full within 90 days from the date on which such indebtedness was created);

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any obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;

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all obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction;

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all obligations of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or option contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements;

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all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and

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all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (whether or not such obligation is assumed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited).

Senior Indebtedness does not include:

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indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services;

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indebtedness that is by its terms subordinated to or ranks equal with the subordinated debt securities; and

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any indebtedness of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited to its affiliates (including all debt securities and guarantees in respect of those debt securities issued to any trust, partnership or other entity affiliated with Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited that is a financing vehicle of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited in connection with the issuance by such financing entity of preferred securities or other securities guaranteed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited) unless otherwise expressly provided in the terms of any such indebtedness.

Senior Indebtedness shall continue to be Senior Indebtedness and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior Indebtedness.

Unless otherwise noted in the accompanying prospectus supplement, if Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited defaults in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Indebtedness when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other requisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.

In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on senior debt securities before the holders of subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.

If any of the following events occur, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will pay in full all Senior Indebtedness before it makes any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:

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any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership;

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any general assignment by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the benefit of creditors; or

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any other marshaling of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s assets or liabilities.

In such event, any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of such subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the Subordinated Indenture and before all the Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, such payment or distribution or security will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Indebtedness in full.

The Subordinated Indenture does not limit the issuance of additional Senior Indebtedness.

If subordinated debt securities are issued to a trust in connection with the issuance of trust preferred securities, such subordinated debt securities may thereafter be distributed pro rata to the holders of such trust securities in connection with the dissolution of such trust upon the occurrence of certain events described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Conversion Rights

In the case of debt securities that are convertible into other securities, an accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the terms on which such securities are convertible into shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or other securities. Those terms will address whether conversion is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. The terms may also provide that the number of shares or interests of our shares of common stock or other securities, as the case may be, to be received by the holders of the convertible debt securities will be calculated according to the market price of our shares of common stock or other securities, as the case may be, as of a time stated in the prospectus supplement or otherwise.

Events of Default, Notice and Waiver

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “Events of Default” under the Indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:

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Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s failure to pay any interest on any debt security of such series when due and payable, continued for 30 days;

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Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s failure to pay principal (or premium, if any) on any debt security of such series when due, regardless of whether such payment became due because of maturity, redemption, acceleration or otherwise, or is required by any sinking fund established with respect to such series;

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Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s failure to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to such debt securities for 60 days after it receives notice of such failure;

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certain defaults with respect to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s or its subsidiaries’ debt in any aggregate principal amount in excess of $50,000,000 consisting of the failure to make any payment at maturity or that results in acceleration of the maturity of such debt; and

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certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization.

If an Event of Default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under either of the Indentures shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such Indenture or the holders of at least 25% in

aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable Indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately; provided that, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic; and, provided further, that after such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul such acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived.

Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable.

Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof. Any past default under either Indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any Event of Default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such Indenture, except in the case of (i) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (ii) default in respect of a covenant or provision which may not be amended or modified without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series affected.

The trustee is required, within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of debt securities of such series notice of such default; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment, on any debt securities of such series, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if it in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the holders of debt securities of such series.

The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the Indentures at the request of the holders of debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either Indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to debt securities of such series.

No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited under either of the Indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless (i) the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to debt securities of such series specifying an Event of Default, as required under the applicable Indenture, (ii) the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of that series then outstanding under such Indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request and (iii) the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request.

The terms of the Indentures require that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited furnish annually to the trustee statements as to its compliance with all conditions and covenants under each Indenture.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may discharge or defease its obligations under each Indenture as set forth below.

Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the Senior Indenture or the Subordinated Indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and which have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year) by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or, in the case of debt securities payable only in U.S. dollars, U.S. Government Obligations (as defined in either Indenture), as trust funds in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities.

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may elect either (i) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to debt securities of or within any series (except as otherwise provided in the relevant Indenture) (“defeasance”) or (ii) to be released from its obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant Indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient, without reinvestment, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to defeasance or covenant defeasance, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant Indenture. In addition, in the case of either defeasance or covenant defeasance, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited shall have delivered to the trustee (i) an officers’ certificate to the effect that the relevant debt securities exchange(s) have informed it that neither such debt securities nor any other debt securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit and (ii) an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may exercise its defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding its prior exercise of its covenant defeasance option.

Modification and Waiver

Under the Indentures, Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and the applicable trustee may supplement the Indentures for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and the applicable trustee may also modify the Indentures or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the Indenture. However, the Indentures require the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:

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extend the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof;

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reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount debt security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

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change the currency in which any debt security or any premium or interest is payable;

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impair the right to institute suit for any payment on or with respect to any debt security;

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reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for modification or amendment of the Indentures or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the Indentures or for waiver of certain defaults;

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reduce the requirements contained in the Indentures for quorum or voting; or

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modify any of the above provisions.

If subordinated debt securities are held by a trust or a trustee of a trust, a supplemental indenture that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities will not be effective until the holders of not less than a majority in liquidation preference of the preferred securities and common securities of the applicable trust, collectively, have consented to the supplemental indenture; provided, further, that if the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security is required, the supplemental indenture will not be effective until each holder of the preferred securities and the common securities of the applicable trust has consented to the supplemental indenture.

The Indentures permit the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the Indentures which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s compliance with certain covenants contained in the Indentures.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may designate for such purpose from time to time.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, at Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, a paying agent designated by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for debt securities of a particular series.

All moneys paid by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for payment thereof.

Denominations, Registrations and Transfer

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In

such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s records.

A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:

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DTC notifies Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited that it is unwilling or unable to continue serving as the depositary for the relevant global securities; or

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DTC ceases to maintain certain qualifications under the Exchange Act and no successor depositary has been appointed for 90 days; or

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Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited determines, in its sole discretion, that the global security shall be exchangeable.

If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited under the Indentures. Exchanges of debt securities for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.

Governing Law

The Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws.

WARRANTS

We may issue warrants to purchase our debt or equity securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. A series of warrants may be issued under a separate warrant indenture between us and a warrant agent. The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of any applicable warrant indenture will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

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the title of such warrants;

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the aggregate number of such warrants;

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the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued;

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the currency or currencies, in which the price of such warrants will be payable;

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the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants;

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the price at which and the currency or currencies in which the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased;

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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;

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if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time;

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if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security;

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if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

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if applicable, a discussion of any material United States Federal income tax considerations; and

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any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.

RIGHTS

We may issue rights to purchase our securities. These rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered by this prospectus and may or may not be transferable by the person receiving the rights in the rights offering. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with one or more underwriters pursuant to which the underwriter will purchase any securities that remain unsubscribed for upon completion of the rights offering.

The applicable prospectus supplement relating to any rights will describe the terms of the offered rights, including, where applicable, the following:

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the exercise price for the rights;

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the number of rights issued to each securityholder;

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the extent to which the rights are transferable;

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any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights;

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the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

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the amount of rights outstanding;

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the extent to which the rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; and

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the material terms of any standby underwriting arrangement entered into by us in connection with the rights offering.

DEPOSITARY SHARES

The following briefly summarizes the material provisions of the deposit agreement and of the depositary shares and depositary receipts, other than pricing and related terms disclosed for a particular issuance in an accompanying prospectus supplement. You should read the particular terms of any depositary shares and any depositary receipts that we offer and any deposit agreement relating to a particular series of preferred shares which will be described in more detail in a prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement will also state whether any of the generalized provisions summarized below do not apply to the depositary shares or depositary receipts being offered. A copy of the form of deposit agreement, including the form of depositary receipt, will be filed with the SEC at the time of the offering and incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You can obtain copies of these documents when they are filed by following the directions outlined in “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

General

We may offer fractional preferred shares, rather than whole preferred shares. In such event, we will issue receipts for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of preferred shares.

Deposit Agreement

The preferred shares underlying any depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company acting as depositary with respect to that series. The depositary will have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. The prospectus supplement relating to a series of depositary shares will include the name and address of the depositary. Under the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to its fractional interest in a preferred share underlying that depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of that preferred share, including dividend, voting, redemption, conversion, and exchange and liquidation rights.

The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional preferred shares in accordance with the terms of the applicable prospectus supplement.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The preferred share depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the deposited preferred shares to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred share in proportion to the number of such depositary shares owned by such holders.

The preferred share depositary will distribute any property other than cash received by it in respect of the preferred shares to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto. If the preferred share depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution, it may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.

Each deposit agreement will also contain provisions relating to the manner in which any subscription or similar rights we offer to preferred shareholders of the relevant series will be made available to depositary shareholders.

Withdrawal of Shares

Upon surrender of depositary receipts at the depositary’s office, the holder of the relevant depositary shares will be entitled to the number of whole shares of the related preferred shares series and any money or other property that those depositary shares represent. Depositary shareholders will be entitled to receive whole shares of the related preferred shares series on the basis described in the prospectus supplement, but holders of those whole preferred shares will not afterwards be entitled to receive depositary shares in exchange for their shares. If the depositary receipts the holder delivers evidence a depositary share number exceeding the whole share number of the related preferred shares series to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to that holder a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares.

Redemption of Preferred Shares

If a series of preferred shares represented by depositary shares is to be redeemed, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the preferred shares depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of such series of preferred shares. The depositary shares will be redeemed by the preferred shares depositary at a price per depositary share equal to the applicable fraction of the redemption price per share payable in respect of the shares of preferred shares so redeemed.

Whenever we redeem preferred shares held by the preferred shares depositary, the preferred shares depositary will redeem as of the same date the number of depositary shares representing the preferred shares so redeemed. If fewer than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by the preferred shares depositary by lot or ratably or by any other equitable method as the preferred shares depositary may select.

Convertibility and Exchangeability

Preferred shares of a series may be convertible or exchangeable into our common shares, another series of preferred shares or other securities or property. The conversion or exchange may be mandatory or optional. The applicable prospectus supplement will specify whether the preferred shares being offered have any conversion or exchange features, and will describe the related terms and conditions.

Voting Deposited Preferred Shares

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of any series of deposited preferred shares are entitled to vote, the preferred shares depositary will mail the information contained in such notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such series of preferred shares. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date will be entitled to instruct the preferred shares depositary to vote the amount of the preferred shares represented by such holder’s depositary shares. The preferred shares depositary will try to vote the amount of such series of preferred shares represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions.

We will agree to take all actions that the preferred shares depositary determines are reasonably necessary to enable the preferred shares depositary to vote as instructed. The preferred shares depositary will abstain from voting any series of preferred shares held by it for which it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing such shares.

Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement

The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the preferred shares depositary. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters any existing right of the holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by the holders of at least a majority of such depositary shares then issued and outstanding. Every holder of an outstanding depositary receipt at the time any such amendment becomes effective shall be deemed, by continuing to hold such depositary receipt, to consent and agree to such amendment and to be bound by the deposit agreement, which has been amended thereby. The deposit agreement may be terminated only if:

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all issued and outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; or

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a final distribution in respect of the preferred shares has been made to the holders of depositary shares in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

Charges of Preferred Shares Depositary; Taxes and other Governmental Charges

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We also will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of preferred shares and any redemption of preferred shares. Holders of depositary receipts will pay other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and such other charges, including a fee for the withdrawal of preferred shares upon surrender of depositary receipts, as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary

The preferred shares depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its intent to do so, and we may at any time remove the preferred shares depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor preferred shares depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor preferred shares depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and will have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.

Miscellaneous

The preferred shares depositary will forward all reports and communications from us which are delivered to the preferred shares depositary and which we are required to furnish to the holders of the deposited preferred shares.

Neither we nor the preferred shares depositary will be liable if either is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstances beyond its control in performing its obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the preferred shares depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of their duties thereunder and they will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary shares, depositary receipts or preferred shares unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the preferred shares depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or upon information provided by holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.

PURCHASE CONTRACTS

We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of:

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debt securities or equity securities issued by us as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement; or

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currencies.

Each purchase contract will entitle its holder to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase contract, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities or currencies and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.

The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders thereof or vice versa, which payments may be deferred to the extent set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, and those payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require the holders thereof to secure their obligations in a specified manner to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Alternatively, purchase contracts may require holders to satisfy their obligations thereunder when the purchase contracts are issued. Our obligation to settle such pre-paid purchase contracts on the relevant settlement date may constitute indebtedness. Accordingly, pre-paid purchase contracts may be issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture.

UNITS

We may issue units consisting of one or more debt securities, purchase contracts, warrants, rights, preferred shares, depositary shares, common shares or any combination of such securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:

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the terms of the units and of the debt securities, purchase contracts, warrants, rights, preferred shares, depositary shares, and common shares comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately;

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a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units; and

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a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange or the units.

CONVERTIBLE OR EXCHANGEABLE SECURITIES

We may issue securities of the types described in this prospectus that are convertible or exchangeable into other securities described herein. The terms of such convertible or exchangeable securities will be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

Authorized Share Capital

Our authorized share capital consists of 35,000,000 common shares, par value $5.00 per share, and 25,000,000 blank check preferred shares, $1.00 par value per share. 2,300,000 preferred shares have been designated 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “—Series C Preferred Shares,” 3,910,000 preferred shares have been designated 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “—Series D Preferred Shares”, 4,600,000 preferred shares have been designated Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “—Series E Preferred Shares”, 6,210,000 preferred shares have been designated Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “— Series F Preferred Shares” and 2,615,000 preferred shares have been and remain designated Series G Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Shares as described below under “— Series G Convertible Preferred Shares.” As of July 1, 2020, there were outstanding: 18,781,049 common shares, 2,000,000 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares, 3,424,803 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, 4,600,000 9.25% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, 6,000,000 9.50% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares and 2,615,000 Series G Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Shares.

On July 1, 2020, a 1-for-5 reverse share split of the authorized common shares of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited was effected. All common share and per common share data disclosed in this prospectus give effect to this reverse share split. See Exhibit 99.2 to our Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on July 31, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein for additional information regarding the reverse share split.

Common Shares

The holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends out of assets legally available for that purpose at times and in amounts as our board of directors may from time to time declare. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each common share held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Cumulative voting for the election of directors is not provided for in our Bye-laws, which means that the holders of a majority of the common shares voted can elect all of the directors then standing for election. Our Bye-laws provide for a staggered board of directors, with one-third of those directors who are not managing directors (as defined in our Bye-laws and which consist of our executive directors) selected each year. The common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights and are not subject to conversion or redemption. Upon the occurrence of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common shares would be entitled to share ratably in the distribution of all of our assets remaining available for distribution after satisfaction of all our liabilities.

Preferred Shares

Under our Bye-laws, our board of directors has the authority to issue preferred shares in one or more series, and to establish the terms and preferences of the shares of each series, up to the number of preferred shares authorized under our constitutive documents as described above. Holders of each series of preferred shares will be entitled to receive cash dividends, when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Such distributions will be made before any distribution is made on any securities ranking junior in relation to preferred shares in liquidation, including common shares.

Series C Preferred Shares

We have 2,000,000 of our 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares outstanding as of July 1, 2020, which were issued on September 30, 2013. The initial liquidation preference of the Series C

Preferred Shares is $25.00 per share, subject to adjustment. The shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after October 30, 2018. The shares carry an annual dividend rate of 8.875% per $25.00 of liquidation preference per share, subject to increase if (i) we fail to comply with certain covenants, (ii) we experience certain defaults under any of our credit facilities, (iii) four quarterly dividends payable on the Series C Preferred Shares are in arrears, or (iv) the Series C Preferred Shares are not redeemed in whole by October 30, 2020. The Series C Preferred Shares represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, do not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date. As such, the Series C Preferred Shares rank junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of us, holders of the Series C Preferred Shares and any pari passu securities will generally be entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the liquidation preference of the Series C Preferred Shares, or, in the case of pari passu securities, the liquidation preference of such series of pari passu securities, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends ratably with any pari passu securities, after satisfaction of all liabilities to our creditors and holders of securities senior to the Series C Preferred Shares, but before any distribution is made to or set aside for the holders of junior shares, including our common shares. The Series C Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Series D Preferred Shares, the Series E Preferred Shares, the Series F Preferred Shares and the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares. The Series C Preferred Shares are not convertible into common shares or other of our securities, do not have exchange rights and their holders are not entitled to any preemptive or similar rights.

Series D Preferred Shares

We have 3,424,803 of our 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares outstanding as of July 1, 2020, which were issued on April 29, 2015 and in the first quarter of 2017. The initial liquidation preference of the Series D Preferred Shares is $25.00 per share, subject to adjustment. The shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after April 29, 2020. The shares carry an annual dividend rate of 8.75% per $25.00 of liquidation preference per share. The Series D Preferred Shares represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, do not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date. As such, the Series D Preferred Shares rank junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of us, holders of the Series D Preferred Shares and any pari passu securities will generally be entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the liquidation preference of the Series D Preferred Shares, or, in the case of pari passu securities, the liquidation preference of such series of pari passu securities, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends ratably with any pari passu securities, after satisfaction of all liabilities to our creditors and holders of securities senior to the Series D Preferred Shares, but before any distribution is made to or set aside for the holders of junior shares, including our common shares. The Series D Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Series C Preferred Shares, the Series E Preferred Shares, the Series F Preferred Shares and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares. The Series D Preferred Shares are not convertible into common shares or other of our securities, do not have exchange rights and their holders are not entitled to any preemptive or similar rights.

Series E Preferred Shares

We had 4,600,000 of our 9.25% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares outstanding as of July 1, 2020, which were issued on April 5, 2017. The initial liquidation preference of the Series E Preferred Shares is $25.00 per share, subject to adjustment. The shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after May 28, 2027. Dividends on the Series E Preferred Shares are cumulative from the date of original issue and will be payable quarterly in arrears on the 28th day of February, May, August and November of each year, commencing May 28, 2017, when, as and if declared by our board of directors. Dividends will be payable from cash available for dividends (i) from and including the original issue date to, but excluding, May 28, 2027 at a fixed rate equal to 9.25% per annum of the stated liquidation preference and (ii) from and including May 28, 2027, at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 6.881% per annum of the stated liquidation preference. The Series E Preferred Shares represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, do not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date.

As such, the Series E Preferred Shares rank junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of us, holders of the Series E Preferred Shares and any pari passu securities will generally be entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the liquidation preference of the Series E Preferred Shares, or, in the case of pari passu securities, the liquidation preference of such series of pari passu securities, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends ratably with any pari passu securities, after satisfaction of all liabilities to our creditors and holders of securities senior to the Series E Preferred Shares, but before any distribution is made to or set aside for the holders of junior shares, including our common shares. The Series E Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Series C Preferred Shares, the Series D Preferred Shares, the Series F Preferred Shares and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares. The Series E Preferred Shares are not convertible into common shares or other of our securities, do not have exchange rights and their holders are not entitled to any preemptive or similar rights.

Series F Preferred Shares

We had 6,000,000 of our 9.50% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares outstanding as of July 1, 2020, which were issued on June 28, 2018. The initial liquidation preference of the Series F Preferred Shares is $25.00 per share, subject to adjustment. The shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after July 30, 2028. Dividends on the Series F Preferred Shares are cumulative from the date of original issue and will be payable quarterly in arrears on the 30th day of January, April, July and October of each year, commencing October 30, 2018, when, as and if declared by our board of directors. Dividends will be payable from cash available for dividends (i) from and including the original issue date to, but excluding, July 30, 2028 at a fixed rate equal to 9.50% per annum of the stated liquidation preference and (ii) from and including July 30, 2028, at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 6.54% per annum of the stated liquidation preference. The Series F Preferred Shares represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, do not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date. As such, the Series F Preferred Shares rank junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of us, holders of the Series F Preferred Shares and any pari passu securities will generally be entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the liquidation preference of the Series F Preferred Shares, or, in the case of pari passu securities, the liquidation preference of such series of pari passu securities, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends ratably with any pari passu securities, after satisfaction of all liabilities to our creditors and holders of securities senior to the Series F Preferred Shares, but before any distribution is made to or set aside for the holders of junior shares, including our common shares. The Series F Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Series C Preferred Shares, Series D Preferred Shares, Series E Preferred and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares. The Series F Preferred Shares are not convertible into common shares or other of our securities, do not have exchange rights and their holders are not entitled to any preemptive or similar rights.

Series G Convertible Preferred Shares

We had 2,615,000 of our Series G Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Shares, par value $1.00 per share and liquidation preference $10.00 per share, outstanding as of July 1, 2020. We issued 3,500,000 Series G Convertible Preferred Shares at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, in a private placement on September 25, 2019 pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement, dated September 23, 2019, between us, our subsidiary Shyris Shipping Company S.A. (“Shyris Shipping”) and AY Tank Limited, as purchaser. On December 23, 2019, 875,000 Series G Convertible Preferred Shares converted into 583,333 common shares (2,916,666 common shares prior to the July 1, 2020 1-for-5 reverse share split) and, on January 15, 2020, the holders of the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares converted 10,000 Series G Convertible Preferred Shares into 6,667 common shares (33,333 common shares prior to the July 1, 2020 1-for-5 reverse share split). The Series G Convertible Preferred Shares have a stated coupon rate of 0%, subject to adjustment in the event of a cross-default or failure to redeem on any redemption date, and participate on an as-converted basis in dividends declared and paid on the Company’s common shares.

The Series G Convertible Preferred Shares are convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, at a conversion price of $15.00 per share, representing a conversion rate of three and one-third common shares per Series G Convertible Preferred Share. All or a portion of the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares will automatically convert into common shares at the conversion rate if the trading price of the Company’s common shares exceed certain levels between 130% and 170% of the conversion price. The holders, however, will be prohibited from converting the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares into common shares to the extent that, as a result of such conversion, the holder would own more than 9.99% of the total number common shares then issued and outstanding, provided that the holders may increase this ownership limitation upon 61-days’ notice to the Company. The Company may also redeem the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares prior to September 1, 2020, at the as-converted value of the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares, if the trading price of the common shares exceeds certain levels.

The holders of the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares generally do not have voting rights. However, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding Series G Convertible Preferred Shares, voting as a single class, the Company may not adopt any amendment to its memorandum of association or bye-laws that materially or adversely alters or affects the preferences, powers or rights of the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares in any respect or any amendment to the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares Certificate of Designations. The Series G Convertible Preferred Shares rank pari passu with the Company’s other outstanding series of preferred shares and senior to the Company’s common shares with respect to dividend distributions and distributions upon any liquidation event.

On February 1, 2021, or, if earlier, the delivery date of the last of the Company’s newbuilding conventional tankers, i.e. Hull 8042 (the “Redemption Date”), subject to certain limitations, outstanding Series G Convertible Preferred Shares having a redemption price of up to $35 million will be mandatorily exchanged for preferred shares (the “Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares”) to be issued by the subsidiary of the Company, Shyris Shipping, that will own such crude oil tankers. The redemption price at which the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares will be exchanged will be the higher of 95% of the as-converted value of the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares, based on a six-month VWAP of the Company’s common shares, or a price providing for a return of 7.75% per annum on an actual/360-day basis on the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares, taking into account all dividends actually received on the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares. To the extent certain limitations intended to ensure Shyris Shipping’s compliance with Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, result in less than $35 million of Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares being issued on the Redemption Date, Series G Convertible Preferred Shares with an aggregate redemption price equal to such shortfall below $35 million will remain outstanding, subject to redemption in exchange for Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares should such limitations cease to apply prior to the fifth anniversary of the Series G Closing Date, at which time such Series G Convertible Preferred Shares will automatically convert into Company common shares at the conversion rate or be redeemed for Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares. Any other Series G Convertible Preferred Shares not exchanged for Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares on the Redemption Date will automatically convert on such date into the Company’s common shares at the conversion rate (unless the Company elects to redeem such Series G Convertible Preferred Shares for cash). The Series G Convertible Preferred Shares holder will also have the right to require the Company to redeem the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares for cash, in the event of non-compliance with certain requirements relating to Shyris Shipping.

The Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares will be entitled to receive cumulative semi-annual dividends from Shyris Shipping at a rate of 7.50% per annum as, when and if declared by the Shyris Shipping Board of Directors. At any time that Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares are outstanding, free cash flow available for distribution, as defined in the Statement of Designation of the Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares, is required to be applied by Shyris Shipping towards any accrued and unpaid dividends and redemption of such Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares before any dividends on, or repurchases or redemptions of, other equity securities of the Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares. The Shyris Shipping Preferred Shares will be non-convertible and perpetual, and will be redeemable by Shyris Shipping, in whole or in part, at redemption prices that decline over time to 100% of the deemed issuance price, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, by the fifth anniversary of issuance or at 100% of

the deemed issuance price, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, at any time after issuance with cash from operations and in certain other circumstances.

Bermuda Law

We are an exempted company organized under the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, as amended (the “Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda”). Bermuda law and our Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws govern the rights of our shareholders. Our objects and purposes are set forth in paragraph 6 and the Schedule to our Memorandum of Association. Our objects and purposes include to act and to perform all the functions of a holding company in all its branches and to coordinate the policy and administration of any subsidiary company or companies wherever incorporated or carrying on business or of any group of companies of which we or any subsidiary of ours is a member or which are in any manner controlled directly or indirectly by us. The Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. The following is a summary of the material provisions of Bermuda law and our organizational documents. You should read the more detailed provisions of our Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws for provisions that may be important to you. You can obtain copies of these documents by following the directions outlined in “Available Information.”

Dividends. Under Bermuda law, a company may not pay dividends that are declared from time to time by its board of directors or make a distribution out of contributed surplus if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due or that the realizable value of its assets would then be less than its liabilities.

Voting rights. Under Bermuda law, except as otherwise provided in the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda or our Bye-laws, questions brought before a general meeting of shareholders are decided by a majority vote of common shareholders present at the meeting. Our Bye-laws provide that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, any question proposed for the consideration of the shareholders will be decided in a general meeting by a simple majority of the votes cast, on a show of hands, with each shareholder present (and each person holding proxies for any shareholder) entitled to one vote for each common share held by the common shareholder, except for special situations where a shareholder has lost the right to vote because he has failed to comply with the terms of a notice requiring him to provide information to the company pursuant to the Bye-laws, or his voting rights have been partly suspended under the Bye-laws as a consequence of becoming an interested person. In addition, a super-majority vote of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the votes cast at the meeting is required to effect any action related to the variation of class rights and a vote of not less than eighty percent (80%) of the votes cast at the meeting is required to effect any of the following actions: removal of directors, approval of business combinations with certain “interested” persons and for any alteration to the provisions of the Bye-laws relating to the staggered board, removal of directors and business combinations.

The Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares have no voting rights except as set forth below or as otherwise provided by Bermuda law. In the event that six quarterly dividends, whether consecutive or not, payable on Series C, Series D, Series E or Series F Preferred Shares are in arrears, the holders of Series C, Series D, Series E and/or Series F Preferred Shares, as the case may be, will have the right, voting separately as a class together with holders of any other parity securities upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable, at the next meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors, to elect one member of our board of directors, and the size of our board of directors will be increased as needed to accommodate such change (unless the size of our board of directors already has been increased by reason of the election of a director by holders of parity securities upon which like voting rights have been conferred and with which the Series C, Series D, Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, respectively, voted as a class for the election of such director). The right of such holders of Series C, Series D, Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, as the case may be, to elect a member of our board of directors will continue until such time as all dividends accumulated and in arrears on the Series C, Series D, Series E or Series F. Preferred Shares, as the

case may be, have been paid in full, at which time such right will terminate, subject to revesting in the event of each and every subsequent failure to pay six quarterly dividends as described above. Upon any termination of the right of the holders of the Series C, Series D, Series E and Series F Preferred Shares and any other parity securities to vote as a class for directors, the term of office of all directors then in office elected by such holders voting as a class will terminate immediately. Any directors elected by the holders of the Series C, Series D, Series E and Series F Preferred Shares and any other parity securities shall each be entitled to one vote per director on any matter before our board of directors.

Unless we have received the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding, Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares, respectively, each voting as a single class, we may not adopt any amendment to the Memorandum of Association that adversely alters the preferences, powers or rights of Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares in any material respect;

In addition, unless we have received the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding, Series C, Series D, Series E and Series F Preferred Shares, respectively, each voting as a single class, we may not

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issue any securities ranking pari passu with the Series C, Series D, Series E and Series F Preferred Shares if the cumulative dividends payable on outstanding Series C, Series D, Series E or Series F Preferred Shares, as applicable, are in arrears; or

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create or issue any equity securities ranking senior to the Series C, Series D, Series E and Series F Preferred Shares.

On any matter described above in which the holders of the Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares, respectively, are entitled to vote as a class, such holders will be entitled to one vote per share. The Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares held by us or any of our subsidiaries or affiliates will not be entitled to vote.

Unless we have received the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding Series G Convertible Preferred Shares we also may not:

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adopt any amendment to the Certificate of Designation of such series (including by merger, consolidation or otherwise); or

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split, combine, reverse split or undertake a similar action with respect to the Series G Convertible Preferred Shares.

Rights in liquidation. Under Bermuda law, in the event of liquidation or winding up of a company, after satisfaction in full of all claims of creditors and subject to the preferential rights accorded to any series of preferred shares, the proceeds of the liquidation or winding up are distributed ratably among the holders of the company’s common shares.

Meetings of shareholders. Bermuda law provides that a special general meeting may be called by the board of directors and must be called upon the request of shareholders holding not less than 10% of the paid-up capital of the company carrying the right to vote. Bermuda law also requires that shareholders be given at least five (5) days’ advance notice of a general meeting but the accidental omission to give notice to, or the non-receipt of such notice by, any person does not invalidate the proceedings at a meeting. Under our Bye-laws, we must give each shareholder at least ten (10) days’ notice and no more than fifty (50) days’ notice of the annual general meeting and of any special general meeting.

Under Bermuda law, the number of shareholders constituting a quorum at any general meeting of shareholders is determined by the Bye-laws of a company. Our Bye-laws provide that the presence in person or by proxy of two shareholders constitutes a quorum; but if we have only one shareholder, one shareholder present in person or by proxy shall constitute the necessary quorum.

Access to books and records and dissemination of information. Members of the general public have the right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include a company’s Certificate of Incorporation, its Memorandum of Association (including its objects and powers) and any alteration to its Memorandum of Association. The shareholders have the additional right to inspect the Bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings and the company’s audited financial statements, which must be presented at the annual general meeting. The register of shareholders of a company is also open to inspection by shareholders without charge and by members of the general public without charge. A company is required to maintain its share register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of Bermuda law, establish a branch register outside Bermuda. We maintain a share register in Hamilton, Bermuda. A company is required to keep at its registered office a register of its directors and officers that is open for inspection for not less than two (2) hours each day by members of the public without charge. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect or obtain copies of any other corporate records.

Election or removal of directors. Under Bermuda law and our Bye-laws, directors are elected or appointed at the annual general meeting and serve until re-elected or re-appointed or until their successors are elected or appointed, unless they are earlier removed or resign. Our Bye-laws provide for a staggered board of directors, with one-third of the non-executive directors selected each year, Under Bermuda law and our Bye-laws, a director may be removed for cause at a special general meeting of shareholders specifically called for that purpose, provided the director is served with at least 14 days’ notice. The director has a right to be heard at that meeting. Any vacancy created by the removal of a director at a special or general meeting may be filled at that meeting by the election of another director in his or her place or, in the absence of any such election, by the board of directors. For these purposes “cause” means willful neglect, willful default, fraud or dishonesty.

Amendment of Memorandum of Association. Bermuda law provides that the Memorandum of Association of a company may be amended by a resolution passed at a general meeting of shareholders of which due notice has been given. Generally, our Bye-laws may be amended by the directors with the approval of a majority being not less than 75% of the votes of the shareholders in a general meeting. However, a super-majority vote is required for certain resolutions relating to the variation of class rights, the removal of directors for cause by shareholders, the approval of business combinations with certain ‘interested persons’ and for any alteration to the provisions of the Bye-laws relating to the staggered board, removal of directors and business combinations.

Under Bermuda law, the holders of an aggregate of no less than 20% in par value of a company’s issued share capital or any class of issued share capital have the right to apply to the Bermuda Court for an annulment of any amendment of the Memorandum of Association adopted by shareholders at any general meeting, other than an amendment which alters or reduces a company’s share capital as provided in the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda. Where such an application is made, the amendment becomes effective only to the extent that it is confirmed by the Bermuda Court. An application for the annulment of an amendment of the Memorandum of Association must be made within 21 days after the date on which the resolution altering the company’s memorandum is passed and may be made on behalf of the persons entitled to make the application by one or more of their number as they may appoint in writing for the purpose. Persons voting in favor of the amendment may make no such application.

Appraisal rights and shareholder suits. Under Bermuda law, in the event of an amalgamation or merger involving a Bermuda company, a shareholder who is not satisfied that fair value has been paid for his shares may apply to the Bermuda Court to appraise the fair value of his or her shares. The amalgamation or merger of a company with another company requires the amalgamation or merger agreement to be approved by the board of directors and, except where the amalgamation or merger is between a holding company and one or more of its wholly owned subsidiaries or between two or more wholly owned subsidiaries, by meetings of the holders of shares of each company and of each class of such shares.

Class actions and derivative actions are generally not available to shareholders under Bermuda law. The Bermuda Court, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the

name of a company to remedy a wrong done to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power of the company or is illegal or would result in the violation of the company’s Memorandum of Association or Bye-laws. Further consideration would be given by the Bermuda Court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against the minority shareholders or, for instance, where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company’s shareholders than that which actually approved it.

When the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some part of the shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply to the Bermuda Court for an order regulating the company’s conduct of affairs in the future or compelling the purchase of the shares by any shareholder, by other shareholders or by the company.

Anti-takeover effects of provisions of our charter documents

Several provisions of our Bye-laws may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of our board of directors to maximize shareholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire us. However, these anti-takeover provisions, which are summarized below, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or acquisition of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, that a shareholder may consider in our best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.

Classified board of directors.

Our Bye-laws provide for a classified board of directors with one-third of our directors being selected each year. This classified board provision could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for our shares or attempting to obtain control of our company. It could also delay shareholders who do not agree with the policies of the board of directors from removing a majority of the board of directors for two years.

Transactions involving certain business combinations.

Our Bye-laws prohibit the consummation of any business combination involving us and any interested person, unless the transaction is approved by a vote of a majority of 80% of those present and voting at a general meeting of our shareholders, unless:

•

the ratio of (i) the aggregate amount of cash and the fair market value of other consideration to be received per share in the business combination by holders of shares other than the interested person involved in the business combination, to (ii) the market price per share, immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed business combination, is at least as great as the ratio of (iii) the highest per share price (including brokerage commissions, transfer taxes and soliciting dealers’ fees), which the interested person has theretofore paid in acquiring any share prior to the business combination, to (iv) the market price per share immediately prior to the initial acquisition by the interested person of any shares;

•

the aggregate amount of the cash and the fair market value of other consideration to be received per share in the business combination by holders of shares other than the interested person involved in the business combination (i) is not less than the highest per share price (including brokerage commissions, transfer taxes and soliciting dealers’ fees) paid by the interested person in acquiring any shares, and (ii) is not less than the consolidated earnings per share of our company for our four full consecutive fiscal quarters immediately preceding the record date for solicitation of votes on the business combination multiplied by the then price/earnings multiple (if any) of the interested person as customarily computed and reported in the financial community;

•

the consideration (if any) to be received in the business combination by holders of shares other than the interested person involved shall, except to the extent that a shareholder agrees otherwise as to all or part of the shares which the shareholder owns, be in the same form and of the same kind as the consideration paid by the interested person in acquiring shares already owned by it;

•

after the interested person became an interested person and prior to the consummation of the business combination: (i) such interested person shall have taken steps to ensure that the board includes at all times representation by continuing directors proportionate in number to the ratio that the number of shares carrying voting rights in our company from time to time owned by shareholders who are not interested persons bears to all shares carrying voting rights in our company outstanding at the time in question (with a continuing director to occupy any resulting fractional position among the directors); (ii) the interested person shall not have acquired from us or any of our subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, any shares (except (x) upon conversion of convertible securities acquired by it prior to becoming an interested person, or (y) as a result of a pro rata share dividend, share split or division or subdivision of shares, or (z) in a transaction consummated on or after June 7, 2001 and which satisfied all requirements of our Bye-laws); (iii) the interested person shall not have acquired any additional shares, or rights over shares, carrying voting rights or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares, or rights over shares, carrying voting rights except as a part of the transaction which resulted in the interested person becoming an interested person; and (iv) the interested person shall not have (x) received the benefit, directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a shareholder), of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial assistance or tax credits provided by us or any subsidiary of ours, or (y) made any major change in our business or equity capital structure or entered into any contract, arrangement or understanding with us except any change, contract, arrangement or understanding as may have been approved by the favorable vote of not less than a majority of the continuing directors; and

•

a proxy statement complying with the requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, shall have been mailed to all holders of shares carrying voting rights for the purpose of soliciting approval by the shareholders of the business combination. The proxy statement shall contain at the front thereof, in a prominent place, any recommendations as to the advisability (or inadvisability) of the business combination which the continuing directors, or any of them, may have furnished in writing and, if deemed advisable by a majority of the continuing directors, an opinion of a reputable investment banking firm as to the adequacy (or inadequacy) of the terms of the business combination from the point of view of the holders of shares carrying voting rights other than any interested person (the investment banking firm to be selected by a majority of the continuing directors, to be furnished with all information it reasonably requests, and to be paid a reasonable fee for its services upon receipt by us of the opinion).

For purposes of this provision, a “business combination” includes amalgamations, consolidations, exchanges, asset sales, leases and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested shareholder and an “interested person” is any person or entity that beneficially owns 15% or more of our voting shares and any person or entity affiliated with or controlling or controlled by that person or entity. “Continuing directors” means directors who have been elected before June 7, 2001 or designated as continuing directors by the majority of the then continuing directors.

Consequences of becoming an interested person.

Our Bye-laws provide that, at any time a person acquires or becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of our voting shares, which we refer to as the “threshold,” then, except as permitted by our Bye-laws the person will not be entitled to exercise voting rights for the number of common shares in excess of the threshold he holds or beneficially owns. This disability applies to any general meeting of our company as to which the record date or scheduled meeting date falls within a period of five years from the date such person acquired beneficial ownership of a number of common shares in excess of the threshold.

The above restrictions do not apply to us, our subsidiaries or to:

•

any person who on June 7, 2001 was the holder or beneficial owner of a number of shares carrying voting rights that exceeded the threshold and who continues at all times after June 7, 2001 to hold shares in excess of the threshold; and

•

any person whose acquisition of a number of shares exceeding the threshold has been approved by (1) a majority of 80% of those present and voting at a general meeting or (2) by a resolution adopted by the continuing directors, followed by a resolution adopted by a shareholder vote in excess of 50% of the voting shares not owned by such interested person.

Transfer agent and registrar. Computershare Trust Company N.A. serves as transfer agent and registrar for our common shares and our Series C Preferred Shares, Series D Preferred Shares, Series E Preferred Shares, Series F Preferred Shares and Series G Convertible Preferred Shares.

New York Stock Exchange listing. Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “TNP.” Our Series C Preferred Shares, Series D Preferred Shares, Series E Preferred Shares and Series F Preferred Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbols “TNP-PC”, “TNP-PD”, “TNP-PE” and “TNP-PF”, respectively.

FORM, EXCHANGE AND TRANSFER

We will issue securities only in registered form; no securities will be issued in bearer form. We will issue each security other than common shares in book-entry form only, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will issue common shares in both certificated and book-entry form, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Securities in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the securities represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a global security will do so through participants in the depositary’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants. Only the depositary will be entitled to transfer or exchange a security in global form, since it will be the sole holder of the security. These book-entry securities are described below under “Book-Entry Procedures and Settlement.”

If any securities are issued in non-global form or cease to be book-entry securities (in the circumstances described in the next section), the following will apply to them:

•

The securities will be issued in fully registered form in denominations stated in the prospectus supplement. You may exchange securities for securities of the same series in smaller denominations or combined into fewer securities of the same series of larger denominations, as long as the total amount is not changed.

•

You may exchange, transfer, present for payment or exercise securities at the office of the relevant indenture trustee or agent indicated in the prospectus supplement. You may also replace lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated securities at that office. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or we may perform them ourselves.

•

You will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange your securities, but you may be required to pay any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. The transfer or exchange, and any replacement, will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with your proof of legal ownership. The transfer agent may also require an indemnity before replacing any securities.

•

If we have the right to redeem, accelerate or settle any securities before their maturity or expiration, and we exercise that right as to less than all those securities, we may block the transfer or exchange of those securities during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of exercise and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers of or exchange any security selected for early settlement, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unsettled portion of any security being partially settled.

•

If fewer than all of the securities represented by a certificate that are payable or exercisable in part are presented for payment or exercise, a new certificate will be issued for the remaining amount of securities.

BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT

Most offered securities will be book-entry (global) securities. Upon issuance, all book-entry securities will be represented by one or more fully registered global securities, without coupons. Each global security will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or DTC, a securities depositary, and will be registered in the name of Cede & Co. or another nominee of DTC. DTC, Cede & Co., or such nominee, will thus be the only registered holder of these securities. Except as set forth below, the registered global securities may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to Cede & Co., another nominee of DTC or to a successor of DTC or its nominee.

Purchasers of securities may only hold interests in the global securities through DTC if they are participants in the DTC system. Individual certificates in respect of the securities will not be issued in exchange for the registered global securities, except in very limited circumstances. Purchasers may also hold interests through a securities intermediary—banks, brokerage houses and other institutions that maintain securities accounts for customers—that has an account with DTC or its nominee. DTC will maintain accounts showing the security holdings of its participants, and these participants will in turn maintain accounts showing the security holdings of their customers. Some of these customers may themselves be securities intermediaries holding securities for their customers. Thus, each beneficial owner of a book-entry security will hold that security indirectly through a hierarchy of intermediaries, with DTC at the top and the beneficial owner’s own securities intermediary at the bottom.

The securities of each beneficial owner of a book-entry security will be evidenced solely by entries on the books of the beneficial owner’s securities intermediary. The actual purchaser of the securities will generally not be entitled to have the securities represented by the global securities registered in its name and will not be considered the owner under the declaration. In most cases, a beneficial owner will also not be able to obtain a paper certificate evidencing the holder’s ownership of securities. The book-entry system for holding securities eliminates the need for physical movement of certificates and is the system through which most publicly traded common shares are held in the United States. However, the laws of some jurisdictions require some purchasers of securities to take physical delivery of their securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to transfer book-entry securities.

Title to book-entry interests in the securities will pass by book-entry registration of the transfer within the records of DTC in accordance with its procedures.

If DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a clearing system in connection with the registered global securities or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor clearing system is not appointed by us within 90 days after receiving that notice from DTC or upon becoming aware that DTC is no longer so registered, we will issue or cause to be issued individual certificates in registered form on registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, book-entry interests in the securities represented by registered global securities upon delivery of those registered global securities for cancellation. We may also permit beneficial owners of book-entry securities represented by a global security to exchange their beneficial interests for definitive (paper) securities if, in our sole discretion, we decide to allow some or all book-entry securities to be exchangeable for definitive securities in registered form.

Unless we indicate otherwise, any global security that is exchangeable will be exchangeable in whole for definitive securities in registered form, with the same terms and of an equal aggregate principal amount. Definitive securities will be registered in the name or names of the person or persons specified by DTC in a

written instruction to the registrar of the securities. DTC may base its written instruction upon directions that it receives from its participants.

In this prospectus, for book-entry securities, references to actions taken by security holders will mean actions taken by DTC upon instructions from its participants, and references to payments and notices of redemption to security holders will mean payments and notices of redemption to DTC as the registered holder of the securities for distribution to participants in accordance with DTC’s procedures.

Initial settlement for the securities offered on a global basis through DTC will be made in immediately available funds. Secondary market trading between DTC’s participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with DTC’s rules and will be settled in immediately available funds using DTC’s Same-Day Funds Settlement System.

Although DTC has agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of interests in the securities among participants thereof, it is under no obligation to perform or continue to perform the foregoing procedures and these procedures may be changed or discontinued at any time.

DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a clearing corporation within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a clearing agency registered under section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.

We will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interest in the book-entry securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

This prospectus also covers 6,325,604 common shares, 280,544 Series C Preferred Shares, 308,171 Series D Preferred Shares, 145,000 Series E Preferred Shares and 215,000 Series F Preferred Shares, which may be sold by or on behalf of selling shareholders or by their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, who will be named in a prospectus supplement or a report filed under Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

The common shares and preferred shares that may be sold by or on behalf of selling shareholders under this prospectus were acquired directly from the Company, purchased in the open market or were the subject of awards under our equity incentive plans, in each case, prior to the initial filing of this Registration Statement.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We or any selling shareholders (or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest) may offer and sell, from time to time, the securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. We have registered the securities covered by this prospectus for offer and sale so that those securities may be freely sold to the public. Registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean, however, that those securities necessarily will be offered or sold.

Securities covered by this prospectus may be sold from time to time, in one or more transactions, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to market prices, at a fixed price or prices subject to change, at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices, by a variety of methods including the following:

•

on the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or in the U.S. inter-dealer system of a registered national securities association on which our common shares may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;

•

in the over-the-counter market;

•

in privately negotiated transactions;

•

in an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

•

as settlement of short sales entered into after the date of the prospectus;

•

through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

•

through broker-dealers, who may act as agents or principals;

•

through sales “at the market” to or through a market-maker;

•

in a block trade, in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell a block as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

•

through one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or best-efforts basis;

•

directly by us or a selling shareholder to one or more purchasers;

•

through agents;

•

in option transactions;

•

upon conversion or in exchange for other securities;

•

over the Internet;

•

any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law; or

•

in any combination of the above.

In effecting sales, brokers or dealers engaged by us or the selling shareholders may arrange for other brokers or dealers to participate. Broker-dealer transactions may include:

•

purchases of the securities by a broker-dealer as principal and resales of the securities by the broker-dealer for its account pursuant to this prospectus;

•

ordinary brokerage transactions; or

•

transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers.

In addition, the selling shareholders or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest may also sell common shares or preferred shares in transactions that are exempt from registration under the Securities Act rather than under this prospectus.

We may also issue our common shares to officers, directors, employees, consultants, agents or other persons, including selling shareholders, pursuant to awards made under our equity incentive plans or otherwise. Such common shares may be resold by our officers and directors under this prospectus as indicated in a prospectus supplement.

In connection with the sale of securities covered by this prospectus, broker-dealers may receive commissions or other compensation from us or the selling shareholders in the form of commissions, discounts or concessions. Broker-dealers may also receive compensation from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents or to whom they sell as principals or both. Compensation as to a particular broker-dealer may be in excess of customary commissions or in amounts to be negotiated. In connection with any underwritten offering, underwriters may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or the selling shareholders, or from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. The selling shareholders and any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any profit on the sale of the securities by them and any discounts, commissions or concessions received by any of those underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

In connection with the distribution of the securities covered by this prospectus or otherwise, we or the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions. In connection with such transactions, broker-dealers or other financial institutions may engage in short sales of our securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume with us or the selling shareholders. Additionally, in connection with such a distribution, we or the selling shareholders may loan common shares pursuant to share lending agreements or otherwise. We may also sell securities short and deliver the securities offered by this prospectus to close out our short positions. We or the selling shareholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus, as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction. We or the selling shareholders may also from time to time pledge securities pursuant to the margin provisions of any customer agreements with brokers. Upon default, the broker may offer and sell such pledged securities from time to time pursuant to this prospectus, as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction.

At any time a particular offer of the securities covered by this prospectus is made, a revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate amount of securities covered by this prospectus being offered and the terms of the offering, including the expected issue price or method of determining the price, the time period during which the offer will be open and whether the purchase period may be extended or shortened, the method and time limits for paying up and delivering securities, name or names of any underwriters, dealers, brokers or agents, any discounts, commissions, concessions and other items constituting compensation from us or the selling shareholders, any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers and the names of the selling shareholders and the number of securities being offered by them. Such prospectus supplement, and, if necessary, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, will be filed with the SEC to reflect the disclosure of additional information with respect to the distribution of the securities covered by this prospectus. In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities sold under this prospectus may only be sold through registered or licensed broker-dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.

In connection with an underwritten offering, we and, if applicable, the selling shareholders, would execute an underwriting agreement with an underwriter or underwriters. Unless otherwise indicated in the revised

prospectus or applicable prospectus supplement, such underwriting agreement would provide that the obligations of the underwriter or underwriters are subject to certain conditions precedent and that the underwriter or underwriters with respect to a sale of the covered securities will be obligated to purchase all of the covered securities if any such securities are purchased. We or the selling shareholders may grant to the underwriter or underwriters an option to purchase additional securities at the public offering price, as may be set forth in the revised prospectus or applicable prospectus supplement. If we or the selling shareholders grant any such option, the terms of the option will be set forth in the revised prospectus or applicable prospectus supplement.

If more than five percent of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by any member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or “FINRA”, participating in the offering or by affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member or any participating member who otherwise would have a “conflict of interest” under FINRA Rules, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.

Underwriters, agents, brokers or dealers may be entitled, pursuant to relevant agreements entered into with us or the selling shareholders, to indemnification by us or the selling shareholders against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, that may arise from any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact, or any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact in this prospectus, any supplement or amendment hereto, or in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, or to contribution with respect to payments which the underwriters, agents, brokers or dealers may be required to make.

We will bear all costs relating to all of the securities being registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered hereby is being passed upon for us by Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited, Hamilton, Bermuda. Certain matters of New York law are being passed on by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, New York, New York.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited appearing in Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s Annual Report (Form 20-F) for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the effectiveness of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 have been audited by Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A., independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A. is located at Chimarras 8B, 15125, Maroussi, Athens, Greece and is registered as a corporate body with the public register for company auditors-accountants kept with the Body of Certified-Auditors-Accountants, or SOEL, Greece with registration number 107.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

EXPENSES

The following table sets forth the expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation, if any) expected to be incurred by us in connection with a possible offering of securities registered under this registration statement.


SEC Registration Fee	$	*
Printing and Engraving Expenses		*
Legal Fees and Expenses		*
Accountants’ Fees and Expenses		*
NYSE Fees		*
Trustee’s fees and expenses		*
Miscellaneous Costs		*

Total	$	*

*	To be provided by a prospectus supplement or as an exhibit to a Report on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

ITEM 8.

INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

The Company’s Bye-laws provide that its directors and officers and former directors and officers shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by The Companies Act of Bermuda 1981, as amended, from time to time, and provide for advances to any indemnified director or officer of expenses in connection with actual proceedings and claims arising out of their status as our director or officer. The Company also maintains a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy on behalf of its directors and officers.

ITEM 9.

EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.		Description

1.1		Form of underwriting agreement (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.1		Form of Senior Indenture

4.2		Form of Subordinated Indenture

4.3		Memorandum of Association of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (P) (filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-82326) filed with the SEC and hereby incorporated by reference to such Registration Statement).

4.4		Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s 6-K filed with the SEC on June 10, 2014, and hereby incorporated by reference).

4.5		Bye-laws of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2020, and hereby incorporated by reference).

4.6		Certificate of Designation of the 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A filed with the SEC on September 30, 2013).

4.7		Amendment No. 1 to Certificate of Designation of the 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A/A filed with the SEC on October 26, 2015).

II-1


Exhibit No.		Description

4.8		Certificate of Designation of the 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A filed with the SEC on April 24, 2015).

4.9		Certificate of Designation of the Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A filed with the SEC on April 4, 2017).

4.10		Certificate of Designation of the Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A filed with the SEC on June 27, 2018).

4.11		Certificate of Designation of Series G Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Shares of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, dated September 25, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on September 27, 2019)

4.12		Form of warrant agreement (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.13		Form of rights agreement (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.14		Form of senior debt security of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.15		Form of subordinated debt security of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.16		Form of convertible debt security of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.17		Specimen preferred share certificate (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.18		Certificate of Designations (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.19		Form of warrant (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.20		Form of rights certificate (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

4.21		Form of Deposit Agreement (to be filed as an exhibit to a report on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference).

5.1		Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited (special Bermuda counsel to the Company)

5.2		Opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP (United States counsel to the Company).

23.1		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

23.2		Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited (included in Exhibit 5.1).

23.3		Consent of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2).

24.1		Power of Attorney (included on signature page).

25.1		Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Senior Indenture (to be filed in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended).

25.2		Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Subordinated Indenture (to be filed in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended).

II-2

ITEM 10.

UNDERTAKINGS

Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information set forth in the registration statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrants pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided, that the registrants include in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act or Rule 3-19 of Regulation S-X if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrants pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i) Each prospectus filed by each registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

II-3

(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in this registration statement or a prospectus that is part of this registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into this registration statement or a prospectus that is part of this registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in this registration statement or a prospectus that was part of this registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of a registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrants undertake that in a primary offering of securities of an undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrants will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of an undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of an undersigned registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about an undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of an undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by an undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of each of the registrants pursuant to the provisions set forth or described in Item 8 of this registration statement, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in

II-4

the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by a registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of such registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.

II-5

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Athens, Greece, on July 31, 2020.


TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

By:		/s/ Nikolas P. Tsakos
Name:		Nikolas P. Tsakos
Title:		President and Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of Nikolas P. Tsakos, George V. Saroglou and Paul Durham his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments or supplements to this Registration Statement, whether pre-effective or post-effective and any and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda, as necessary, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or appropriate to be done with respect to this Registration Statement or any amendments or supplements hereto or any and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated.


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Efstratios Georgios Arapoglou Efstratios Georgios Arapoglou	Chairman of the Board of Directors	July 31, 2020

/s/ Nikolas P. Tsakos Nikolas P. Tsakos	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer)	July 31, 2020

/s/ George V. Saroglou George V. Saroglou	Chief Operating Officer and Director	July 31, 2020

/s/ Paul Durham Paul Durham	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)	July 31, 2020

/s/ Michael G. Jolliffe Michael G. Jolliffe	Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors	July 31, 2020

/s/ Efthimios E. Mitropoulos Efthimios E. Mitropoulos	Director	July 31, 2020

II-6


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Aristides A.N. Patrinos Aristides A.N. Patrinos	Director	July 31, 2020

/s/ Denis Petropoulos Denis Petropoulos	Director	July 31, 2020

/s/ Nicholas B. Tommasino Nicholas B. Tommasino	Director	July 31, 2020

/s/ Maria Vassalou Maria Vassalou	Director	July 31, 2020

II-7

AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of the aforementioned Registrant, has signed this Registration Statement on July 31, 2020.

PUGLISI & ASSOCIATES

By: /s/ Donald J. Puglisi

Name: Donald J. Puglisi

Title: Managing Director

II-8

Exhibit 4.1

TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

and

[ ],

as Trustee

INDENTURE

Dated as of [ ]

SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION			1

Section 1.1	Definitions		1
Section 1.2	Compliance Certificates and Opinions		7
Section 1.3	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee		7
Section 1.4	Acts of Holders; Record Dates		8
Section 1.5	Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company		9
Section 1.6	Notice to Holders; Waiver		10
Section 1.7	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act		10
Section 1.8	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents		10
Section 1.9	Successors and Assigns		10
Section 1.10	Separability Clause		10
Section 1.11	Benefits of Indenture		11
Section 1.12	Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction		11
Section 1.13	Legal Holidays		12

ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS			12

Section 2.1	Forms Generally		12
Section 2.2	Form of Legend for Global Securities		12
Section 2.3	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication		13

ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES			14

Section 3.1	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series		14
Section 3.2	Denominations		16
Section 3.3	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating		16
Section 3.4	Temporary Securities		18
Section 3.5	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange		19
Section 3.6	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost, and Stolen Securities		20
Section 3.7	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved		21
Section 3.8	Persons Deemed Owners		22
Section 3.9	Cancellation		23
Section 3.10	Computation of Interest		23
Section 3.11	CUSIP Numbers		23

ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE			24

Section 4.1	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture		24
Section 4.2	Application of Trust Money		25

ARTICLE V REMEDIES			25

Section 5.1	Events of Default		25
Section 5.2	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment		27
Section 5.3	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee		27
Section 5.4	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim		28

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 5.5	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities		28
Section 5.6	Application of Money Collected		29
Section 5.7	Limitation on Suits		29
Section 5.8	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, and Interest		30
Section 5.9	Restoration of Rights and Remedies		30
Section 5.10	Rights and Remedies Cumulative		30
Section 5.11	Delay or Omission Not Waiver		30
Section 5.12	Control by Holders		31
Section 5.13	Waiver of Past Defaults		31
Section 5.14	Undertaking for Costs		31

ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE			32

Section 6.1	Certain Duties and Responsibilities		32
Section 6.2	Notice of Defaults		33
Section 6.3	Certain Rights of Trustee		33
Section 6.4	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities		35
Section 6.5	May Hold Securities		35
Section 6.6	Money Held in Trust		35
Section 6.7	Compensation and Reimbursement		35
Section 6.8	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests		36
Section 6.9	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility		37
Section 6.10	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor		37
Section 6.11	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor		38
Section 6.12	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation, or Succession to Business		39
Section 6.13	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company		40
Section 6.14	Appointment of Authenticating Agent		40

ARTICLE VII HOLDER’S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY			42

Section 7.1	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders		42
Section 7.2	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders		42
Section 7.3	Reports by Trustee		42
Section 7.4	Reports by Company		43

ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE			43

Section 8.1	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms		43
Section 8.2	Successor Substituted		44

ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES			44

Section 9.1	Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders		44
Section 9.2	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders		45
Section 9.3	Execution of Supplemental Indentures		46
Section 9.4	Effect of Supplemental Indentures		46
Section 9.5	Conformity With Trust Indenture Act		46

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 9.6	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures		46
Section 9.7	Notice of Supplemental Indentures		47

ARTICLE X COVENANTS			47

Section 10.1	Payment of Principal, Premium, and Interest		47
Section 10.2	Maintenance of Office or Agency		47
Section 10.3	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust		47
Section 10.4	Statement by Officers as to Default		48
Section 10.5	Existence		49

ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES			49

Section 11.1	Applicability of Article		49
Section 11.2	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee		49
Section 11.3	Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed		49
Section 11.4	Notice of Redemption		50
Section 11.5	Deposit of Redemption Price		50
Section 11.6	Securities Payable on Redemption Date		51
Section 11.7	Securities Redeemed in Part		51

ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS			51

Section 12.1	Applicability of Article		51
Section 12.2	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities		52
Section 12.3	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund		52

ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE			52

Section 13.1	Applicability of Article; Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		52
Section 13.2	Defeasance and Discharge		53
Section 13.3	Covenant Defeasance		53
Section 13.4	Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		53
Section 13.5	Deposited Money and U.S Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions		55
Section 13.6	Reinstatement		56

iii

TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to

Sections 310 through 318, inclusive, of the

Trust Indenture Act of 1939:


Trust Indenture Act Section		Indenture Section
§310	(a)(1)	6.9
	(a)(2)	6.9
	(a)(3)	Not Applicable
	(a)(4)	Not Applicable
	(b)	6.8
		6.10
§311	(a)	6.13
	(b)	6.13
§312	(a)	7.1
	(b)	7.2(a)
	(c)	7.2(b)
§313	(a)	7.3(a)
	(b)	7.3(a)
	(c)	7.3(a)
	(d)	7.3(b)
§314	(a)	7.4
	(a)(4)	1.2
		10.4
	(b)	Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	1.2
	(c)(2)	1.2
	(c)(3)	Not Applicable
	(d)	Not Applicable
	(e)	1.2
§315	(a)	6.1
	(b)	6.2
	(c)	6.1
	(d)	6.1
	(d)(1)	6.1
	(d)(2)	6.1
	(d)(3)	6.1
	(e)	5.14
§316	(a)(1)(A)	5.12
	(a)(1)(B)	5.2
		5.13
	(a)(2)	Not Applicable
	(b)	5.8
	(c)	1.4(c)
§317	(a)(1)	5.3
	(a)(2)	5.4
	(b)	10.3
§318	(a)	1.7

NOTE: This shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

INDENTURE, dated as of [ ], between Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, a Bermuda exempted company (the “Company”), having its principal office at 367 Syngrou Avenue, 175 64 P. Faliro, Athens, Greece and [ ], as Trustee (the “Trustee”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its senior, unsecured debentures, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness (the “Securities”), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this Indenture.

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series of the Securities, as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Section 1.1 Definitions.

For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

(2) all other terms used in this Indenture which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference to the Trust Indenture Act, have the meanings assigned to them in the Trust Indenture Act;

(3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined in this Indenture have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, the term “accounting principles generally accepted in the United States” with respect to any computation required or permitted under this Indenture shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United States at the date of such computation;

(4) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

(5) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture.

“Act”, when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.4(a).

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have the meanings correlative to the foregoing.

“Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series.

“Authorized Officer” means any officer of the Company designated by or pursuant to a Board Resolution to take certain actions as specified in this Indenture.

“Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company or any other duly authorized committee of that board.

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors, or by action of an Authorized Officer designated as such pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

“Business Day” means, with respect to any Security, a day that in the city (or in any of the cities, if more than one) in which amounts are payable, as specified in the form of such Security, is not a day on which banking institutions are authorized by law or regulation to close.

“Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person.

“Company Request” or “Company Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer, its President, its Chief Financial Officer, or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Controller, an Assistant Controller, its Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee located in The City of New York at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered.

“Covenant Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.3.

“Debt” means, with respect to any Person at any date of determination (without duplication):

(i)

all debt of such Person for borrowed money,

(ii)

all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments,

(iii)

all obligations of such Person in respect of letters of credit or other similar instruments (including reimbursement obligations with respect thereto),

(iv)

all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, which purchase price is due more than six months after the date of placing such property in service or taking delivery thereto or the completion of such services, except trade payables,

(v)

all obligations of such Person as lessee under Capitalized Leases,

(vi)

Debt of Persons other than such Person secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not such Debt is assumed by such Person; provided that the amount of such Debt shall be the lesser of (A) the fair market value of such asset at such date of determination and (B) the amount of such Debt, and

(vii)

all Debt of Persons other than such Person guaranteed by such Person to the extent such Debt is guaranteed by such Person.

“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

“Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.2.

“Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the Person designated as Depositary for such series by the Company pursuant to Section 3.1, which Person shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act.

“Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended now or in the future, and any successor statute.

“Global Security” means a Security bearing the legend prescribed in Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a series of Securities, authenticated and delivered to the Depositary for such series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register.

“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more supplemental indentures entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, including, for all purposes of this Indenture and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this Indenture and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term “Indenture” shall also include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.1.

“Interest Payment Date”, with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

“Lien” means, any mortgage, lien, pledge, security interest, encumbrance or charge of any kind (including, without limitation, any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof, any sale with recourse against the seller or any Affiliate of the seller, or any agreement to give any security interest).

“Maturity”, when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable in accordance with its terms or the terms of this Indenture, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, or otherwise.

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, an Assistant Controller, the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an Officers’ Certificate given pursuant to Section 10.4 shall be the principal executive, financial, or accounting officer of the Company.

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion, reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company.

“Original Issue Discount Security” means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount of such Security to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity of such Security pursuant to Section 5.2.

“Outstanding”, when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities previously authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

(i)

Securities previously cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

(ii)

Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been previously deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision for such redemption satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

(iii)

Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a protected purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

(iv)

Securities which have been defeased pursuant to Section 13.2; and

(v)

Securities not deemed outstanding pursuant to Section 11.3;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver under this Indenture, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of the principal that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon acceleration of its maturity pursuant to Section 5.2, (ii) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as contemplated by Section 3.1, and (iii) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or any such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or any such other obligor.

“Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the Company.

“Periodic Offering” means an offering of Securities of any series from time to time, the specific terms of which Securities, including, without limitation, its rate or rates of interest, if any, its Stated Maturity, and redemption provisions, if any, with respect to such Securities are to be determined by the Company or its agents upon the issuance of such Securities.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, association, unincorporated organization, or government or any agency or political subdivision of any government.

“Place of Payment”, when used with respect to the Securities of any series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 3.1.

“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Security.

“Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

“Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

“Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

“Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer assigned to the Corporate Trust Division—Corporate Finance Unit (or any successor division or unit) of the Trustee located at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture, and for the purposes of Sections, 5.12(3), 6.1(c)(2) and 6.2 shall also include any other officer of the Trustee to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

“Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5.

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7.

“Stated Maturity”, when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal or interest on such Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

“Subsidiary” means a corporation or other Person more than 50% of the outstanding voting stock or a majority of the controlling interest of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, “voting stock” means stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

“Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee under this Indenture, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee”, as used with respect to the Securities of any series, shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as so amended.

“U.S. Government Obligation” has the meaning specified in Section 13.4.

“Vice President”, when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president (other than any assistant vice president), whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president”.

Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

Upon any application to or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provisions of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

Every certificate or opinion (other than the Officers’ Certificate delivered under Section 10.4 of this Indenture) with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the related definitions;

(2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

Section 1.3 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

Where any Person is required to make, give, or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions, or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

Section 1.4 Acts of Holders; Record Dates.

(a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is expressly required by this Indenture, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied in and evidenced by such instrument or instruments) are sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a Holder, including a Depositary that (or whose nominee) is a Holder of a Global Security, may make, give, or take, by a proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action provided or permitted in this Indenture to be made, given, or taken by Holders, and a Depositary that (or whose nominee) is a Holder of a Global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Security.

(b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him its execution. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

(c) The Company may fix any day as the record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Securities of any series entitled to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action, or to vote on any action, authorized, or permitted to be given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series. If not set by the Company prior to the first solicitation of a Holder of Securities of such series made by any Person in respect of any such action, or, in the case of any such vote, prior to such vote, the record date for any such action or vote shall be the 30th day (or, if later, the date of the most recent list of Holders required to be provided pursuant to Section 7.1) prior to such first solicitation or vote, as the case may be. With

regard to any record date for action to be taken by the Holders of one or more series of Securities, only the Holders of Securities of such series on such date (or their duly designated proxies) shall be entitled to give, take, or vote on the relevant action.

(d) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.

(e) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer of, in exchange for, or in lieu of such Security in respect of anything done, omitted, or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance on such action, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

(f) Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled to give or take any action under this Indenture with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any different part of such principal amount.

Section 1.5 Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company.

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

(1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose under this Indenture if made, given, furnished, or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at [●], or

(2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose under this Indenture (unless otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

The Trustee shall have the right, but shall not be required, to rely upon and comply with notices, instructions, directions or other communications sent by e-mail, facsimile and other similar unsecured electronic methods by persons believed by the Trustee to be authorized to give instructions and directions on behalf of the Company. The Trustee shall have no duty or obligation to verify or confirm that the person who sent such instructions or directions is, in fact, a person authorized to give instructions or directions on behalf of the Company; and the Trustee shall have no liability for any losses, liabilities, costs or expenses incurred or sustained by the Company as a result of such reliance upon or compliance with such notices, instructions, directions or other communications. The Company agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit notices, instructions, directions or other communications to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties. The Company shall use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that any such notices, instructions, directions or other communications transmitted to the Trustee pursuant to this Indenture are complete and correct. Any such notices, instructions, directions or other communications shall be conclusively deemed to be valid instructions from the Company to the Trustee for the purposes of this Indenture.

Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver.

Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture) if in writing and (i) mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, or (ii) in the event that a Depositary (or a nominee thereof) is a Holder of Securities issued in the form of Global Securities, then with respect to such Securities given by electronic, email or other means as such be acceptable to such Depositary, in all cases, not later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose under this Indenture.

Section 1.7 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that is required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be.

Section 1.8 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

The Article and Section headings in this Indenture and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of this Indenture.

Section 1.9 Successors and Assigns.

All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 1.10 Separability Clause.

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired by such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision.

Section 1.11 Benefits of Indenture.

Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties to this Indenture and their successors under this Indenture, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

Section 1.12 Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction.

This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York (including but not limited to N.Y. General Obligations Law Section 5-1401 and any successor statute thereto).

Each of the Company and the Trustee, and each Holder of a Security by its acceptance thereof, hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right it may have to trial by jury in any legal proceeding directly or indirectly arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

Each of the Company and the Trustee irrevocably consents and submits, for itself and in respect of any of its assets or property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of any court of the State of New York or any United States court sitting, in each case, in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, New York, United States of America, and of any appellate court in respect thereof in any suit, action or proceeding that may be brought in connection with this Indenture or the Securities, and waives any immunity from the jurisdiction of such courts. Each of the Company and the Trustee irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection to any such suit, action or proceeding that may be brought in such courts whether on the grounds of venue, residence or domicile or on the ground that any such suit, action or proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Each of the Company and the Trustee agrees, to the fullest extent that it lawfully may do so, that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such a court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and the Trustee, respectively, and the Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection to the enforcement by any competent court in the Company’s jurisdiction of organization of judgments validly obtained in any such court in New York on the basis of such suit, action or proceeding.

The Company hereby designates and appoints as its authorized agent upon which process may be served in any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture or the Securities which may be instituted in any federal or state court in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, and agrees that service of process upon such agent, and written notice of said service to the Company by the Person serving the same, shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any such suit, action or proceeding and further designates its domicile, the domicile of New York, New York specified above and any domicile it may have in the future as its domicile to receive any notice hereunder (including service of process). Service of process, to be effective upon the Trustee, must be served at the Trustee’s Corporate Trust Office. If for any reason (or any successor agent for this purpose) shall cease to act as agent for service of process as provided above, the Company will promptly appoint a successor agent for this purpose reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The Company agrees to take any and all actions necessary to maintain such designation and appointment of such agent in full force and effect.

Section 1.13 Legal Holidays.

In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities, other than a provision of the Securities of any series which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date, or Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity, provided that, if such payment is made on such next succeeding Business Day, no interest shall accrue with respect to the payment due on such date for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, or Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

ARTICLE II

SECURITY FORMS

Section 2.1 Forms Generally.

The Securities of each series shall be in substantially such form or forms as shall be established by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions or in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, or in an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to such Board Resolution or any such supplemental indenture, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions, and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers, or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed on them as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently with this Indenture, be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities.

The definitive Securities, if any, shall be printed, lithographed, or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

Section 2.2 Form of Legend for Global Securities.

Any Global Security authenticated and delivered under this Indenture shall bear a legend (in addition to any legend that may be required by the applicable requirements of the Depositary) in substantially the following form:

“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture referred to in this Security and is registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee. This Security may not be transferred to, or registered or exchanged for Securities registered in the name of, any Person other than the Depositary or its nominee or a successor of such Depositary or a nominee of such successor and no such transfer may be registered, except in the limited circumstances described in

the Indenture. Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, this Security shall be a Global Security subject to the foregoing, except in such limited circumstances.”

Section 2.3 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.

The Trustee’s certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


Date:	[ ], as Trustee

	By:
		Authorized Signatory

ARTICLE III

THE SECURITIES

Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to Section 3.3, set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to a Board Resolution or indenture supplemental to this Indenture, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series,

(1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);

(2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 9.6, or 11.7 and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.3, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered under this Indenture);

(3) the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on Regular Record Date for such interest;

(4) the date or dates on which the principal (and premium, if any) of the Securities of the series is payable;

(5) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable, and the Regular Record Date for any interest payable on any Interest Payment Date;

(6) the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

(7) the place or places in addition to the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, if any, where the principal of and any premium and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable;

(8) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the Securities shall be evidenced;

(9) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase, or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund, or analogous provision or at the option of a Holder of the Security, and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased, or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

(10) if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of such denomination, the denomination or denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

(11) if the amount of payments of principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

(12) if other than the principal amount of the Securities of the series, the portion of the principal amount of Securities which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of its Maturity pursuant to Section 5.2;

(13) if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any purpose under the Securities or this Indenture, including the principal amount which shall be due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);

(14) the application, if any, of either or both of Section 13.2 and Section 13.3 to the Securities of the series (including, in the case of Section 13.3, the covenants and any Events of Default not specified therein that are subject thereto) and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election pursuant to such Sections by the Company shall be evidenced;

(15) whether the Securities of the series shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the Depositary or Depositaries for such Global Security or Global Securities (if other than The Depository Trust Company), and any circumstances other than those set forth in Section 3.5 in which any such Global Security may be transferred to, and registered and exchanged for, Securities registered in the name of, a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or its nominee and in which any such transfer may be registered;

(16) any Authenticating Agents, Paying Agents, or any other agents with respect to the Securities of the series;

(17) any other covenant or warranty included for the benefit of Securities of the series in addition to (and not inconsistent with) those included in this Indenture for the benefit of Securities of all series, or any other covenant or warranty included for the benefit of Securities of the series in lieu of any covenant or warranty included in this Indenture for the benefit of Securities of all series (including any covenant contained in Article X), or any provision that any covenant or warranty included in this Indenture for the benefit of Securities of all series (including any covenant contained in Article X) shall not be for the benefit of Securities of such series, or any

change to or combination of the provisions of any such covenant or warranty included in this Indenture for the benefit of Securities of all series (including any covenants contained in Article X) which applies to the Securities of such series;

(18) any addition to, deletion from, or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount of such Securities due and payable pursuant to Section 5.2;

(19) the terms, if any, upon which the Securities of the series may be convertible into or exchanged for other securities of the Company and the terms and conditions upon which such conversion or exchange shall be effected; and

(20) any other terms of the Securities of such series, or of any specified tenor thereof.

All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 3.3) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers’ Certificate referred to above or in any indenture supplemental to this Indenture.

Unless otherwise provided with respect to the Securities of any series, at the option of the Company, interest on the Securities of any series that bears interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of the Person entitled to such interest as such address shall appear in the Security Register.

If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

Section 3.2 Denominations.

The Securities of each series shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1. In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiples of such denomination.

Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer, its President, or one of its Vice Presidents, and may (but need not) have the corporate seal of the Company affixed or reproduced thereon and, if so affixed or reproduced, attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with the documents referred to below in this Section 3.3, for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver such Securities to or upon a Company Order or pursuant to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee and to such recipients as may be specified from time to time by a Company Order. If so provided in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing the Securities of any series, the maturity date, original issue date, interest rate, and any other terms of any or all of the Securities of such series may be determined by or pursuant to such Company Order and procedures. If provided for in such procedures, such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent, which instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, unless and until such documents have been superseded or revoked:

(a) a Company Order requesting such authentication and setting forth delivery instructions if the Securities are not to be delivered to the Company, provided that, with respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, (i) such Company Order may be delivered by the Company to the Trustee at any time prior to the delivery to the Trustee of the Securities of such series for authentication and delivery, (ii) the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series for original issue from time to time, in an aggregate principal amount not exceeding the aggregate principal amount established for such series, pursuant to a Company Order or pursuant to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee as may be specified from time to time by a Company Order, and (iii) if so provided in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing the Securities of such series, the maturity date, original issue date, interest rate, and any other terms of any or all of the Securities of such series may be determined by a Company Order or pursuant to such procedures;

(b) any Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate and/or executed supplemental indenture referred to in Sections 2.1 and 3.1 by or pursuant to which the form or forms and terms of the Securities of such series were established;

(c) an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the form or forms and the terms of the Securities of such series, stating that such form or forms and terms have been established pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 3.1 and comply with this Indenture, and covering such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably request; and

(d) an Opinion of Counsel, substantially to the effect that:

(i)

the form or forms of the Securities of such series have been duly authorized and established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

(ii)

the terms of the Securities of such series (or the manner of determining such terms) have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and

(iii)

that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium, and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors rights and to general equity principles and other customary qualifications and assumptions.

The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under the Securities or this Indenture or otherwise.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and of the preceding paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the above specified documents at or prior to the time of authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for in this Indenture executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized signatory, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.9, for all purposes of this Indenture, such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered under this Indenture and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

Section 3.4 Temporary Securities.

Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed, or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions, and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange one or more definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.

Section 3.5 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office or in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment may sometimes be collectively referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as provided in this Indenture.

Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor.

At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company or the Trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 9.6, or 11.7 not involving any transfer.

The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the

day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section 11.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

Notwithstanding the foregoing and except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series represented by a Global Security or Global Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for Securities of a series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act or other applicable statute or regulation, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company or, if appointed, has not accepted such appointment, within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon Company Request, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Global Securities representing Securities of such series in exchange for such Global Security or Global Securities.

In the event that (i) the Company at any time and in its sole discretion determines that the Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more Global Securities shall no longer be represented by such Global Security or Global Securities or (ii) there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series, the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon Company Request or instructions from the Depositary, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive form and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Global Securities representing such series in exchange for such Global Security or Global Securities.

Upon the occurrence in respect of any Global Security of any series of any one or more of the conditions specified in the preceding two paragraphs or such other conditions as may be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such series, such Global Security may be exchanged for Securities registered in the names of, and the transfer of such Global Security may be registered to, such Persons (including Persons other than the Depositary with respect to such series and its nominees) as such Depositary shall direct. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, any Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, any Global Security shall also be a Global Security and shall bear the legend or legends specified in Section 2.2 except for any Security authenticated and delivered in exchange for, or upon registration of transfer of, a Global Security pursuant to the preceding sentence.

Section 3.6 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost, and Stolen Securities.

If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss, or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be

required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost, or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation to such issuance and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected with such issuance.

Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost, or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost, or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued under this Indenture.

The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Securities.

Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (“Defaulted Interest”) shall cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

(1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to

the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as provided in this clause. At such time the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the related Special Record Date to be transmitted to each Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the related Special Record Date having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

(2) The Company may make payment to Holders of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

(3) Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners.

Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.7) any interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee, nor an agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

No holder of any beneficial interest in any Global Security registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect to such Global Security, and such Depositary or nominee, as the case may be, may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Indenture shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy, or other authorization furnished by a Depositary or its nominee pursuant to this Indenture. Furthermore, none of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent, the Security Registrar, or any other agent of the Company or the Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in any such Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. The Company, the Trustee, any Paying

Agent, the Security Registrar, or any other agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be entitled to deal with the Depositary, and any nominee thereof, that is the registered holder of any Global Security for all purposes of this Indenture relating to such Global Security (including the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest and additional amounts, if any, and the giving of instructions or directions by or to the owner or holder of a beneficial ownership interest in such Global Security) as the sole holder of such Global Security and shall have no obligations to the beneficial owners thereof. None of the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Security Registrar shall have any responsibility or liability for any acts or omissions of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for the records of any such depositary, including records in respect of beneficial ownership interests in respect of any such Global Security, for any transactions between the Depositary and any Depositary participant or between or among the Depositary, any such Depositary participant and/or any holder or owner of a beneficial interest in such Global Security, or for any transfers of beneficial interests in any such Global Security.

Section 3.9 Cancellation.

All Securities surrendered for payment, conversion, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange, or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its then customary procedures.

Section 3.10 Computation of Interest.

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers.

The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP”, “ISIN” or other similar numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP”, “ISIN” or other similar numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in “CUSIP”, “ISIN” or other similar numbers.

ARTICLE IV

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

Section 4.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities expressly provided for in this Indenture), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when

(1) either:

(i)

all Securities previously authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost, or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has previously been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

(ii)

all such Securities not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

(iii)

have become due and payable, or

(iv)

will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

(v)

are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than Securities which have been destroyed, lost, or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6), for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable by the Company under this Indenture; and

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.7, the obligations (if any) of the Company to any

Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge.

In the event Securities of two or more series were at any time issued under this Indenture, the Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture only if requested to do so with respect to the Securities of all series as to which it is Trustee and if the conditions of satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture contained in this Section 4.1 in respect of such Securities have been satisfied. In the event there are two or more Trustees under this Indenture, the effectiveness of any such instrument shall be conditioned upon receipt of such instruments from all such Trustees.

Section 4.2 Application of Trust Money.

Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled to such money, of the principal and any premium and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

ARTICLE V

REMEDIES

Section 5.1 Events of Default.

“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officer’s Certificate, it is provided that such series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:

(1) failure to pay any interest on the Securities within 30 days after such interest becomes due and payable by the terms of the Securities of such series;

(2) failure to pay principal of (or premium, if any, on) the Securities at maturity, or if applicable, the redemption price, when the same becomes due and payable;

(3) failure to pay any sinking fund installment as and when the same shall become due and payable by the terms of the Securities, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days;

(4) failure to comply with (or obtain a waiver with respect to) any of the covenants or agreements in the Securities or this Indenture (other than an agreement or covenant that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of another series of Securities) for 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all outstanding Securities affected by that failure a written notice specifying such failure and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder;

(5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (a) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal, State or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (b) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal, State or foreign law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days;

(6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal, State or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal, State or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal, State or foreign law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

(7) a default or defaults with respect to any issue or issues of other Debt of the Company or any Subsidiary having an outstanding aggregate principal amount of $50 million for all such issues of all such Persons, whether such Debt now exists or shall hereafter be created, which default or defaults shall constitute a failure to pay all or any portion of the principal of such Debt when due and payable or shall have resulted in such Debt becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable and such Debt has not been discharged in full or such acceleration has not been rescinded or annulled (by cure, waiver or otherwise) within 60 days of such acceleration; provided, however, that any secured Debt in excess of the limits set forth above shall be deemed to have been declared due and payable if the lender in respect thereof takes any action to enforce a security interest against, or an assignment of, or to collect on, seize, dispose of or apply any assets of the Company or its Subsidiaries (including lock-box and other similar arrangements) securing such Debt, or to set off against any bank accounts of the Company or its Subsidiaries in excess of $50 million in the aggregate; and

(8) any other Event of Default provided in the supplemental indenture, Officers’ Certificate or Board Resolution under which such series of Securities is issued or in the form of Security for such series.

Section 5.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 5.1(5) or (6)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or (6) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.

At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

The Company covenants that if:

(1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days;

(2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at its Maturity; or

(3) default is made in the making or satisfaction of any sinking fund or analogous obligation when the same becomes due pursuant to the terms of any Security,

then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed in such Securities, and, in addition, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its agents, and counsel.

If the Company fails to pay such amounts immediately upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem necessary to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), its property, or its creditors, the Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator, or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.7.

No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided, however, the Trustee may vote on behalf of the Holders for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and may be a member of a creditors, or other similar committee.

Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production of such Securities in any related proceeding, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its agents, and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

Section 5.6 Application of Money Collected.

Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article or, after an Event of Default, any money or other property distributable in respect of the Company’s obligations under this Indenture shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation on such Securities of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender of such Securities if fully paid:

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee (including any predecessor trustee) under Section 6.7;

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest, respectively; and

THIRD: To the Company or as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct in writing.

Section 5.7 Limitation on Suits.

No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy under this Indenture, unless:

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

(2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee under the Indenture;

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses, and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request, and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

(5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect,

disturb, or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner provided in this Indenture and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

Section 5.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, and Interest.

Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.7) any interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption or mandatory repurchase, on the Redemption Date or mandatory repurchase date, as applicable), and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

Section 5.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions under this Indenture and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

Section 5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy conferred in this Indenture upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given under this Indenture or now or in the future existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 5.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in any such Event of Default. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

Section 5.12 Control by Holders.

The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that

(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,

(2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

(3) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

Section 5.13 Waiver of Past Defaults.

The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default under this Indenture with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default (1) in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of such series, or (2) in respect of a covenant or provision of this Indenture which under Article IX cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such affected series.

Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising from such default shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any consequent right.

Section 5.14 Undertaking for Costs.

All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Securities by his acceptance of such Securities shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 5.14 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Securities on or after the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Securities (or, in the case of redemption or mandatory repurchase, on or after the Redemption Date or mandatory repurchase date, as applicable).

ARTICLE VI

THE TRUSTEE

Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

(a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default,

(1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

(2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts, statements, opinions or conclusions stated therein).

(b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs.

(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

(1) this Subsection (c) shall not be construed to limit the effect of Subsections (a) or (d) of this Section;

(2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

(3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, determined as provided herein, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series.

(d) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

(e) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 6.1.

Section 6.2 Notice of Defaults.

Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit to all Holders of Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register (or in case that a Depositary (or a nominee thereof) is a Holder of Securities issued in the form of Global Securities, then with respect to such Securities give by electronic, email or other means as such be acceptable to such Depositary), notice of such default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that except in the case of default in the payment of the principal of or the interest on any of the Securities of such series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment or analogous payment on such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as a committee comprised of Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders of such series. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.

Section 6.3 Certain Rights of Trustee.

Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1:

(a) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

(b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned in this Indenture shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

(c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering, or omitting any action under this Indenture, the Trustee (unless other evidence be specifically prescribed in this Indenture) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, conclusively rely upon an Officers’ Certificate;

(d) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it under this Indenture in good faith and in reliance on such advice or Opinion of Counsel;

(e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses, and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

(f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness, or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records, and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the sole cost of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;

(g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers or perform any duties under this Indenture either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it;

(h) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

(i) the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities unless written notice of such default or Event of Default shall have been given to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee by the Company or by any Holder of the Securities, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture;

(j) the permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties;

(k) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder;

(l) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded;

(m) anything in this Indenture notwithstanding, in no event shall the Trustee be liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to loss of profit), even if the Trustee has been advised as to the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action; and

(n) the Trustee shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this Indenture arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its control, including, without limitation, any provision of any law or regulation or any act of any governmental authority, acts of God; earthquakes; fire; flood; terrorism; wars and other military disturbances; sabotage; epidemics; riots; interruptions; loss or malfunctions of utilities, computer (hardware or software) or communication services; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority and governmental action.

Section 6.4 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

The recitals contained in this Indenture and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee or any Authenticating Agent shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds from such Securities. The Trustee shall not be responsible to make any calculation with respect to any matter under this Indenture. The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor or investigate the Company’s compliance with or the breach of, or cause to be performed or observed, any representation, warranty, or covenant, or agreement of any Person, other than the Trustee, made in this Indenture.

Section 6.5 May Hold Securities.

The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar, or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar, or such other agent.

Section 6.6 Money Held in Trust.

Money held by the Trustee in trust under this Indenture need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it under this Indenture except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company.

Section 6.7 Compensation and Reimbursement.

The Company agrees:

(1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed in writing between the Company and the Trustee for all services rendered by it under this Indenture (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

(2) except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements, and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation

and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement, or advance as shall be determined to have been caused by its own gross negligence or willful misconduct; and

(3) to indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee and their officers, agents, directors and employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any and all loss, damage, claim, liability, or expense, including fees and expenses of counsel and including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee), incurred without gross negligence or willful misconduct on their part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company, or any Holder or any other Person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties under this Indenture, or in connection with enforcing the provisions of this Section.

To secure the Company’s obligations under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities upon all money or property held or collected by the Trustee in its capacity as Trustee, except for such money and property which is held in trust to pay principal (and premium, if any) or interest on particular Securities;

In addition to, and without prejudice to its other rights under this Indenture, when the Trustee incurs any expenses or renders any services after the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(1) or (2), such expenses (including the fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for such services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under the United States Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors; and

The provisions of this Section 6.7 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture, the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination for any reason of this Indenture.

“Trustee” for purposes of this Section shall include any predecessor Trustee; provided, however, that the negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith of any Trustee hereunder shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee hereunder.

Section 6.8 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. For the purpose of the second paragraph of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the phrase “default (as such term is defined in such indenture, but exclusive of any period of grace or requirement of notice)” is hereby defined to mean any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default. To the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to Securities of more than one series.

Section 6.9 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

There shall at all times be a Trustee under this Indenture which shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section (and to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act), the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Article.

Section 6.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

(a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11.

(b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice of such resignation to the Company.

(c) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company.

(d) If at any time:

(1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.8 after written request for such compliance by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

(2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request by the Company or by any such Holder, or

(3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

(e) If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation or removal, the Trustee resigning or being removed may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

(f) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed, or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11. If, within one year after such resignation, removal, or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, immediately upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 6.11, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

(g) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

(a) In case of the appointment of a successor Trustee under this Indenture with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge, and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment. Upon such delivery, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed, or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges and all other amounts payable to it hereunder, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer, and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee under this Indenture, subject nevertheless to its lien provided for in Section 6.7.

(b) In case of the appointment under this Indenture of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee, and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver a supplemental indenture wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which

(1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to the Securities of all series, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts under this Indenture by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing in this Indenture or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees cotrustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under this Indenture separate and apart from any trust or trusts under this Indenture administered by any other such Trustee; and, upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided in such supplemental indenture and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed, or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; and such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer, and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject nevertheless to its lien provided for in Section 6.7.

(c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers, and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) and (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

(d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

Section 6.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation, or Succession to Business.

Any Person into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger, conversion, or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee under this Indenture, provided such Person shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties to this Indenture. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion, or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

Section 6.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities (other than by reason of a relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company or any such other obligor. For purposes of Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act:

(1) the term “cash transaction” means any transaction in which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within seven days after delivery of the goods or securities in currency or in checks or other orders drawn upon banks or bankers and payable upon demand; and

(2) the term “self-liquidating paper” means any draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn, negotiated or incurred by the Company or such obligor for the purpose of financing the purchase, processing, manufacturing, shipment, storage or sale of goods, wares or merchandise and which is secured by documents evidencing title to, possession of, or a lien upon, the goods, wares or merchandise or the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale of the goods, wares or merchandise previously constituting the security, provided the security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the creation of the creditor relationship with the Company or such obligor arising from the making, drawing, negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation.

Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents (which may be an affiliate of the Company) with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue and upon exchange, registration of transfer, or partial redemption or conversion, or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any of its states, or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, such authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

Any Person into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger, conversion, or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such Person shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail written notice of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment under this Indenture shall become vested with all the rights, powers, and duties of its predecessor, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed on it, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate of authentication in the following form:

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


		[ ], as Trustee

By:
		As Authenticating Agent

By:
		Authorized Officer

ARTICLE VII

HOLDER’S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

Section 7.1 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

(a) semi-annually, not later than June 30 and December 31 in each year, a list for each series, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of such series as of the preceding June 15 or December 15, as the case may be, and

(b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, that if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar for such series, such lists shall not be required to be furnished.

Section 7.2 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.1 and the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may dispose of as it deems fit any list furnished to it as provided in Section 7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

(b) The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act.

(c) Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act.

Section 7.3 Reports by Trustee.

(a) The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act. To the extent that any such report is required by the Trust Indenture Act with respect to any 12-month period, such report shall cover the 12-month period ending May 15 and shall be transmitted (in accordance with the Trust Indenture Act) by the next succeeding July 15.

(b) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed, with the Commission, and with the Company. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

Section 7.4 Reports by Company.

The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents, and other reports, and such summaries, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to such Trust Indenture Act; provided that any such information, documents, or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is filed with the Commission.

Delivery of such reports, information, and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute actual or constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee shall be entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates).

ARTICLE VIII

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 8.1 Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer, or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and the Company shall not permit any Person to consolidate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer, or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless:

(1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer, or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall expressly assume, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

(2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer, or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture, comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent in this Indenture provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

Section 8.2 Successor Substituted.

Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer, or lease of the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer, or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company in this Indenture, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

ARTICLE IX

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more supplemental indentures, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

(1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company in this Indenture and in the Securities; or

(2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power conferred in this Indenture upon the Company; or

(3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such additional Events of Default are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series); or

(4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; or

(5) to add to, change, or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that any such addition, change, or elimination (i) shall neither (A) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (B) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (ii) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding; or

(6) to secure the Securities; or

(7) to establish the form or forms or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

(8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under this Indenture by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts under this Indenture by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11(b);

(9) to comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with qualifying this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act or conform this Indenture or the Securities of any series to the description thereof contained in any applicable prospectus, prospectus supplement, free writing prospectus, offering memorandum, term sheet or other offering document;

(10) to cure any ambiguity, mistake, defect or inconsistency; or

(11) to make any change, provided that such change shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect.

Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders.

With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of such Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture or indentures for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture entered into pursuant to this Section 9.2 shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected by such supplemental indenture,

(1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce its principal amount or rate of interest or any premium payable upon its redemption, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of its Maturity pursuant to Section 5.2, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of the Holder of any Security, or change any Place of Payment where any Security or any premium or interest is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after its Stated Maturity (or, in the case of redemption or mandatory repurchase, on or after the Redemption Date or mandatory repurchase date, as applicable), or

(2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with the provisions of or defaults under this Indenture and their consequences provided for in this Indenture, or

(3) modify any of the provisions of this Section or Section 5.13, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or

waived without the consent of the Holder of each affected Outstanding Security, provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.11(b) and 9.1(8).

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance of such supplemental indenture.

Section 9.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive in addition to the documents required by Section 1.2, and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 9.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance with such supplemental indenture, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities previously or subsequently authenticated and delivered under this Indenture shall be bound by such supplemental indenture.

Section 9.5 Conformity With Trust Indenture Act.

Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

Section 9.6 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Company, bear a notation in form approved by the Company as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

Section 9.7 Notice of Supplemental Indentures.

After any supplemental indenture under this Article becomes effective, the Company may give to the Holders of Securities, in the manner referred to in Section 1.6, a notice briefly describing such supplemental indenture; provided, however, that the failure to give such notice to all Holders of Securities, or any defect therein, shall not impair or affect the validity of such supplemental indenture.

ARTICLE X

COVENANTS

Section 10.1 Payment of Principal, Premium, and Interest.

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture.

Section 10.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency.

The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with its address, such presentations, surrenders, notices, and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices, and demands.

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

Section 10.3 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium, or interest a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in this Indenture and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure to act.

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its action or failure to act.

The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (i) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (ii) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the Securities of that series, and upon the written request of the Trustee, immediately pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in respect of the Securities of that series.

The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.

Subject to applicable abandoned property laws, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee, shall cease at such time.

Section 10.4 Statement by Officers as to Default.

The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date of this Indenture, an Officers’ Certificate (one of the signers of which shall be the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, or principal accounting officer of the Company), stating whether or not, to the best knowledge of the signers, the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions, and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture) and, if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and their nature and status of which they may have knowledge. The Company will deliver to the Trustee written notice of the occurrence of any Event of Default or default (which word has the meaning of the word “default” as used in Section 6.2), within ten (10) Business Days of the Company becoming aware of any such Event of Default or default and setting forth the detail of such Event of Default or default and the action the Company proposes to take with respect thereto.

Section 10.5 Existence.

Subject to Article VIII, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence, rights (charter and statutory), and franchises; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that its preservation is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and that its loss is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

ARTICLE XI

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

Section 11.1 Applicability of Article.

Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

Section 11.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company, the Company shall, at least 60 calendar days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

Section 11.3 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed.

If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all of the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or such series is comprised of a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption (i) in the case of Global Securities, in accordance with applicable procedures of the Depositary or (b) if there are no such requirements of the Depositary, on a pro rata basis and in compliance with any applicable securities exchange rules or (ii) by lot and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple of such denomination) of the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series. If less than all of the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed (unless such series is comprised of a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from the Outstanding Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence.

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

Section 11.4 Notice of Redemption.

Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the Security Register.

All notices of redemption shall state:

(1) the Redemption Date,

(2) the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

(3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed, and that on or after the date fixed for redemption, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in authorized denominations for an aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion will be issued,

(4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any, will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and that interest on such Security will cease to accrue on and after such date,

(5) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

(6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, and

(7) the CUSIP numbers”, “ISIN” or other similar numbers, if any, of the Securities to be redeemed.

Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request (delivered to the Trustee, together with a form of notice of redemption, at least 45 days (unless a shorter period shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the Redemption Date) , by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable.

Section 11.5 Deposit of Redemption Price.

Prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time on the Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

Section 11.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

Notice of redemption having been given in accordance with this Indenture, the Securities to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price specified in the notice, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with such notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7.

If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed in the Security.

Section 11.7 Securities Redeemed in Part.

Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

ARTICLE XII

SINKING FUNDS

Section 12.1 Applicability of Article.

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of such series.

The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is referred to in this Indenture as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is referred to in this Indenture as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.

Section 12.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

The Company (1) may deliver Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit Securities of a series which previously have been redeemed by the Company either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, or have been otherwise acquired by the Company as permitted by such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series; provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

Section 12.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

Not less than 90 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2 and the basis for such credit and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of redemption to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 11.6 and 11.7.

ARTICLE XIII

DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

Section 13.1 Applicability of Article; Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

If, pursuant to Section 3.1, provision is made for either or both of (a) Defeasance of the Securities of a series under Section 13.2 or (b) Covenant Defeasance of the Securities of a series under Section 13.3, then the provisions of such Section or Sections, as the case may be, together with the other provisions of this Article XIII, shall be applicable to the Securities of such series, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution or in any other manner specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, at any time, with respect to the Securities of such series, elect to have either Section 13.2 (if applicable) or Section 13.3 (if applicable) be applied to the Outstanding Securities of such series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article XIII.

Section 13.2 Defeasance and Discharge.

Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series on and after the date the conditions precedent set forth in Section 13.3 are satisfied (“Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the Outstanding Securities of such series and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture, insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, upon Company Order and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged under this Indenture: (A) the rights of Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 13.4 as more fully set forth in such Section, payments of the principal of (any premium, if any) and interest on such Securities when such payments are due, (B) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 6.7, 10.2, and 10.3, and any ancillary obligations, (C) the rights, powers, trusts, duties, immunities, and other provisions in respect of the Trustee under this Indenture, and (D) this Article XIII. Subject to compliance with this Article XIII, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 13.2 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 13.3 with respect to the Securities of such series. Following a Defeasance, payment of the Securities of such series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.

Section 13.3 Covenant Defeasance.

Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (“Covenant Defeasance”), (1) the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenant applicable to such Securities that is determined pursuant to Section 3.1 to be subject to this provision, and (2) the occurrence of any event specified in Section 5.1(5), Section 5.1(7) or determined pursuant to Section 3.1 to be subject to this provision shall not be deemed to be or result in an Event of Default. For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition, or limitation set forth in any such Section whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere in this Indenture to any such Section or by reason of any reference in any such Section to any other provision in this Indenture or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected by such Covenant Defeasance.

Section 13.4 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

The following shall be the conditions precedent to application of either Section 13.2 or Section 13.3 to the Outstanding Securities of such series:

U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or (C) a combination of such money and U.S. Government Obligations, in each case sufficient, without reinvestment, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bankers expressed in a written certification delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee as previously provided) to pay and discharge, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Securities of such series on the Maturity of such principal, any premium or interest, and any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to the Outstanding Securities of such series on their due dates. Before such a deposit, the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in accordance with Article XI, which shall be given effect in applying the foregoing provisions. For this purpose, “U.S. Government Obligations” means securities that are (x) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged, or (y) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), which may include the Trustee, as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

(2) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing (A) on the date of such deposit or (B) insofar as subsections 5.1(1) and (2) are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 120th day after the date of such deposit or, if longer, ending on the day following the expiration of the preference period applicable to the Company under federal law in respect of such deposit (it being understood that the condition in this clause (B) shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

(3) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not (A) cause the Trustee in respect of the Securities of such series to have a conflicting interest as defined in Section 6.8 or for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to any Securities of the Company or (B) result in the trust arising from such deposit to constitute, unless it is qualified as, a regulated investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(4) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

(5) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause any Securities of such series then listed on any registered national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to be delisted.

(6) In the case of an election under Section 13.2, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the date of this Indenture there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based on such ruling or change such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain, or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner, and at the same times as would have been the case if such Defeasance had not occurred.

(7) In the case of an election under Section 13.3, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain, or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner, and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred.

(8) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (subject to customary qualifications and assumptions) after the period described in Section 13.4(2), the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally.

(9) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional terms, conditions, or limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection with such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance pursuant to Section 3.1.

(10) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to either the Defeasance under Section 13.2 or the Covenant Defeasance under Section 13.3 (as the case may be) have been complied with.

Section 13.5 Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.

Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money and U.S. Government Obligations (including any proceeds) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and Section 13.6, the Trustee and any such other qualifying trustee are referred to collectively as the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 13.4 in respect of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (but not including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due on such Securities in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee, or other charge imposed on or assessed against the money or U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 13.4 or the principal and interest received in respect of such money or U.S. Government Obligations other than any such tax, fee, or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities.

Anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 13.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount which would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

Section 13.6 Reinstatement.

If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money or U.S. Government Obligations in accordance with Section 13.5 by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining, or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations under the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article XIII until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money and U.S. Government Obligations in accordance with Section 13.5; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any such Security following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be entitled, at its election, (a) to receive from the Trustee or Paying Agent, as applicable, that portion of such money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent, as applicable, equal to the amount of such payment, or (b) to be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money and U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.

This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or electronic format (i.e., “pdf” or “tif”) transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or electronic format (i.e., “pdf” or “tif”) shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED



By:
Name:
Title:



[ ], as Trustee



By:
Name:
Title:

Exhibit 4.2

TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

and

[ ],

as Trustee

INDENTURE

Dated as of [ ]

SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES


ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION		1

Section 1.1	Definitions	1
Section 1.2	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	8
Section 1.3	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	9
Section 1.4	Acts of Holders; Record Dates	9
Section 1.5	Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company	11
Section 1.6	Notice to Holders; Waiver	11
Section 1.7	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	12
Section 1.8	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	12
Section 1.9	Successors and Assigns	12
Section 1.10	Separability Clause	12
Section 1.11	Benefits of Indenture	12
Section 1.12	Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction	12
Section 1.13	Legal Holidays	13

ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS		14

Section 2.1	Forms Generally	14
Section 2.2	Form of Legend for Global Securities	14
Section 2.3	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	15

ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES		15

Section 3.1	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	15
Section 3.2	Denominations	17
Section 3.3	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	18
Section 3.4	Temporary Securities	19
Section 3.5	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange	20
Section 3.6	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost, and Stolen Securities	22
Section 3.7	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved	22
Section 3.8	Persons Deemed Owners	23
Section 3.9	Cancellation	24
Section 3.10	Computation of Interest	24
Section 3.11	CUSIP Numbers	24

ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE		25

Section 4.1	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	25
Section 4.2	Application of Trust Money	26

ARTICLE V REMEDIES		26

Section 5.1	Events of Default	26
Section 5.2	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	28
Section 5.3	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	28
Section 5.4	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	29
Section 5.5	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities	30
Section 5.6	Application of Money Collected	30
Section 5.7	Limitation on Suits	30
Section 5.8	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, and Interest	31


Section 5.9	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	31
Section 5.10	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	31
Section 5.11	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	31
Section 5.12	Control by Holders	32
Section 5.13	Waiver of Past Defaults	32
Section 5.14	Undertaking for Costs	32

ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE		33

Section 6.1	Certain Duties and Responsibilities	33
Section 6.2	Notice of Defaults	34
Section 6.3	Certain Rights of Trustee	34
Section 6.4	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities	36
Section 6.5	May Hold Securities	36
Section 6.6	Money Held in Trust	36
Section 6.7	Compensation and Reimbursement	36
Section 6.8	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	37
Section 6.9	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	38
Section 6.10	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	38
Section 6.11	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	39
Section 6.12	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation, or Succession to Business	40
Section 6.13	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	41
Section 6.14	Appointment of Authenticating Agent	41

ARTICLE VII HOLDER’S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY		43

Section 7.1	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders	43
Section 7.2	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders	43
Section 7.3	Reports by Trustee	43
Section 7.4	Reports by Company	44

ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE		44

Section 8.1	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms	44
Section 8.2	Successor Substituted	45

ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES		45

Section 9.1	Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders	45
Section 9.2	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders	46
Section 9.3	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	47
Section 9.4	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	47
Section 9.5	Conformity With Trust Indenture Act	47
Section 9.6	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures	48
Section 9.7	Notice of Supplemental Indentures	48

ARTICLE X COVENANTS		48

Section 10.1	Payment of Principal, Premium, and Interest	48
Section 10.2	Maintenance of Office or Agency	48
Section 10.3	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust	49
Section 10.4	Statement by Officers as to Default	49
Section 10.5	Existence	50


ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES		50

Section 11.1	Applicability of Article	50
Section 11.2	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	50
Section 11.3	Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed	50
Section 11.4	Notice of Redemption	51
Section 11.5	Deposit of Redemption Price	52
Section 11.6	Securities Payable on Redemption Date	52
Section 11.7	Securities Redeemed in Part	52

ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS		53

Section 12.1	Applicability of Article	53
Section 12.2	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	53
Section 12.3	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	53

ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE		54

Section 13.1	Applicability of Article; Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	54
Section 13.2	Defeasance and Discharge	54
Section 13.3	Covenant Defeasance	54
Section 13.4	Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	55
Section 13.5	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions	56
Section 13.6	Reinstatement	57

ARTICLE XIV SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES		57

Section 14.1	Securities Subordinate to Senior Debt	57
Section 14.2	No Payment When Senior Debt in Default	60
Section 14.3	Trustee and Holders of Securities May Rely on Certificate of Liquidating Agent; Trustee May Require Further Evidence as to Ownership of Senior Debt; Trustee Not Fiduciary to Holders of Senior Debt	60
Section 14.4	Payment Permitted If No Default	61
Section 14.5	Trustee Not Charged with Knowledge of Prohibition	61
Section 14.6	Trustee to Effectuate Subordination	62
Section 14.7	Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior Debt	62
Section 14.8	Article Applicable to Paying Agents	62
Section 14.9	Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Company or Holders of Senior Debt	62
Section 14.10	Trustee’s Rights to Compensation, Reimbursement of Expenses and Indemnification	63
Section 14.11	Modification of Subordination Provisions	63

NOTE: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

iii

TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to

Sections 310 through 318, inclusive, of the

Trust Indenture Act of 1939:


Trust Indenture	Act Section	Indenture Section
§310	(a)(1)	6.9
	(a)(2)	6.9
	(a)(3)	Not Applicable
	(a)(4)	Not Applicable
		6.8
		6.10
§311	(a)	6.13
	(b)	6.13
§312	(a)	7.1
	(b)	7.2(a)
	(c)	7.2(b)
§313	(a)	7.3(a)
	(b)	7.3(a)
	(c)	7.3(a)
	(d)	7.3(b)
§314	(a)	7.4
	(a)(4)	1.2
		10.4
	(b)
		Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	1.2
	(c)(2)	1.2
	(c)(3)	Not Applicable
	(d)	Not Applicable
	(e)	1.2
§315	(a)	6.1
	(b)	6.2
	(c)	6.1
	(d)	6.1
	(d)(1)	6.1
	(d)(2)	6.1
	(d)(3)	6.1
	(e)	5.14
§316	(a)(1)(A)	5.12
	(a)(1)(B)	5.2
		5.13
	(a)(2)	Not Applicable
	(b)	5.8
	(c)	1.4(c)
§317	(a)(1)	5.3
	(a)(2)	5.4
	(b)	10.3
§318	(a)	1.7

NOTE: This shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

INDENTURE, dated as of [ , ], between Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, a Bermuda exempted company (the “Company”), having its principal office at 367 Syngrou Avenue, 175 64 P. Faliro, Athens, Greece and [ ], as Trustee (the “Trustee”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its subordinated, unsecured debentures, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness (the “Securities”), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this Indenture.

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done. NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Section 1.1 Definitions.

For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

(4) the words “herein”, “hereof’ and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

(5) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture.

“Act”, when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.4(a).

“Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series.

“Authorized Officer” means any officer of the Company designated by or pursuant to a Board Resolution to take certain actions as specified in this Indenture.

“Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company or any other duly authorized committee of that board.

“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee located in The City of New York at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered.

“Covenant Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.3.

“Currency Agreement” means any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect the Company or any of its Subsidiaries against fluctuations in currency values to or under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or a beneficiary on the date of this Indenture or becomes a party or a beneficiary thereafter

“Debt” means, with respect to any Person at any date of determination (without duplication):

(i)

all debt of such Person for borrowed money,

(ii)

all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments,

(iii)

all obligations of such Person in respect of letters of credit or other similar instruments (including reimbursement obligations with respect thereto),

(iv)

(v)

all obligations of such Person as lessee under Capitalized Leases,

(vi)

(vii)

all Debt of Persons other than such Person guaranteed by such Person to the extent such Debt is guaranteed by such Person, and

(viii)

to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, obligations under Currency Agreements and Interest Rate Agreements.

“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

“Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.2.

“Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended now or in the future, and any successor statute.

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register.

“Interest Payment Date”, with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

“Interest Rate Agreement” means any interest rate protection agreement, interest rate future agreement, interest rate option agreement, interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement, interest rate hedge agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect the Company or any of its Subsidiaries against fluctuations in interest rates to or under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or a beneficiary on the date hereof or becomes a party or a beneficiary hereafter.

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion, reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company.

“Outstanding”, when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities previously authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

(i)

Securities previously cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Securities which have been defeased pursuant to Section 13.2; and

(v)

Securities not deemed outstanding pursuant to Section 11.3;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver under this Indenture, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of the principal that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon acceleration of its maturity pursuant to Section 5.2, (ii) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as contemplated by Section 3.1, and (iii) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

“Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the Company.

“Ranking junior to the Securities”, when used with respect to any obligation of the Company, shall mean any obligation of the Company which (a) ranks junior to and not equally with or prior to the Securities (or any other obligations of the Company ranking on a parity with the Securities) in right of payment upon the happening of any event of the kind specified in the first sentence of the second paragraph in Section 14.1 or (b) is specifically designated as ranking junior to the Securities by express provision in the instrument creating or evidencing such obligation. The securing of any obligations of the Company, otherwise ranking junior to the Securities, shall be deemed to prevent such obligations from constituting obligations ranking junior to the Securities. For the avoidance of doubt, any junior subordinated debt securities issued or assumed by the Company shall be deemed securities ranking junior to the Securities other than any such securities issued after the date hereof that by their terms expressly rank on a parity with the Securities.

“ranking on a parity with the Securities”, when used with respect to any obligation of the Company, shall mean any obligation of the Company which (a) ranks equally with and not prior to the Securities in right of payment upon the happening of any event of the kind specified in the first sentence of the second paragraph of Section 14.1 or (b) is specifically designated as ranking on a parity with the Securities by express provision in the instrument creating or evidencing such obligation. The securing of any obligations of the Company, otherwise ranking on a parity with the Securities, shall not be deemed to prevent such obligations from constituting obligations ranking on a parity with the Securities.

“Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

“Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

“Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

“Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5.

“Senior Debt” means

(i)

the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on indebtedness of the Company for borrowed money;

(ii)

all obligations guaranteed by the Company for the repayment of borrowed money, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other written instruments;

(iii)

all obligations guaranteed by the Company evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar written instruments, including obligations assumed or incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses (provided, however, that the deferred purchase price of any other business or property or assets shall not be considered indebtedness if the purchase price thereof is payable in full within 90 days from the date on which such indebtedness was created);

(iv)

any obligations of the Company as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;

(v)

all obligations of the Company for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction;

(vi)

all obligations of the Company in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or option contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements;

(vii) all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which the Company is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and

(viii) all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of the Company (whether or not such obligation is assumed by the Company),

in each case whether outstanding on the date of execution of this Indenture or incurred later, other than obligations ranking on a parity with the Securities or ranking junior to the Securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the “Senior Debt Securities” does not include indebtedness or

monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed by the Company in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services and any indebtedness of the Company to its affiliates (including all debt securities and guarantees in respect of those debt securities issued to any trust, partnership or other entity affiliated with the Company that is a financing vehicle of the Company in connection with the issuance by such financing entity of preferred securities or other securities guaranteed by the Company) unless otherwise expressly provided in the terms of any such indebtedness.

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7.

“U.S. Government Obligation” has the meaning specified in Section 13.4.

Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the related definitions;

(2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

Section 1.3 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which this certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

Section 1.4 Acts of Holders; Record Dates.

in person or by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is expressly required by this Indenture, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied in and evidenced by such instrument or instruments) are sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

(d) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.

Section 1.5 Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company.

(1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose under this Indenture if made, given, furnished, or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at [ ], or

Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver.

the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

Section 1.7 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

Section 1.8 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

The Article and Section headings in this Indenture and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of this Indenture.

Section 1.9 Successors and Assigns.

All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 1.10 Separability Clause.

Section 1.11 Benefits of Indenture.

Section 1.12 Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction.

Section 1.13 Legal Holidays.

In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities, other than a provision of the Securities of any series which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date, or Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity, provided that no interest shall accrue with respect to the payment due on such date for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, or Stated Maturity, as the case maybe.

ARTICLE II

SECURITY FORMS

Section 2.1 Forms Generally.

Section 2.2 Form of Legend for Global Securities.

This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture referred to in this Security and is registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee. This Security may not be transferred to, or registered or exchanged for Securities registered in the name of, any Person other than the Depositary or its nominee or a successor of such Depositary or a nominee of such successor and no such transfer may be registered, except in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture. Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, this Security shall be a Global Security subject to the foregoing, except in such limited circumstances.”

Section 2.3 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.

The Trustee’s certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


Date:	[ ], as Trustee

	By:
		Authorized Signatory

ARTICLE III

THE SECURITIES

Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

(1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);

(4) the date or dates on which the principal (and premium, if any) of the Securities of the series is payable;

(7) the place or places in addition to the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, if any, where the principal of and any premium and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable;

(10) if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of such denomination, the denomination or denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

(16) any Authenticating Agents, Paying Agents, or any other agents with respect to the Securities of the series;

(19) any other terms of the Securities of such series, or of any specified tenor thereof.

Section 3.2 Denominations.

Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

(d) an Opinion of Counsel, substantially to the effect that:

(i) the form or forms of the Securities of such series have been duly authorized and established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

(ii) the terms of the Securities of such series (or the manner of determining such terms) have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and

(iii) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium, and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors rights and to general equity principles and other customary qualifications and assumptions.

Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

Section 3.4 Temporary Securities.

If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange one or more definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.

Section 3.5 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company or the Trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other

governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 9.6, or 11.7 not involving any transfer.

The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section 11.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

Section 3.6 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost, and Stolen Securities.

If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss, or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost, or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as provided in this Clause. At such time the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the related Special Record Date to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the related Special Record Date having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners.

written certification, proxy, or other authorization furnished by a Depositary or its nominee pursuant to this Indenture. Furthermore, none of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent, the Security Registrar, or any other agent of the Company or the Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in any such Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. The Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent, the Security Registrar, or any other agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be entitled to deal with the Depositary, and any nominee thereof, that is the registered holder of any Global Security for all purposes of this Indenture relating to such Global Security (including the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest and additional amounts, if any, and the giving of instructions or directions by or to the owner or holder of a beneficial ownership interest in such Global Security) as the sole holder of such Global Security and shall have no obligations to the beneficial owners thereof. None of the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Security Registrar shall have any responsibility or liability for any acts or omissions of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for the records of any such depositary, including records in respect of beneficial ownership interests in respect of any such Global Security, for any transactions between the Depositary and any Depositary participant or between or among the Depositary, any such Depositary participant and/or any holder or owner of a beneficial interest in such Global Security, or for any transfers of beneficial interests in any such Global Security.

Section 3.9 Cancellation.

Section 3.10 Computation of Interest.

Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers.

the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in “CUSIP”, “ISIN” or other similar numbers.

ARTICLE IV

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

Section 4.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect, including the provisions of Article XIV (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities expressly provided for in this Indenture), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when

(1) either:

(A) all Securities previously authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost, or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has previously been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

(B) all such Securities not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

(ii) have become due and payable, or

(iii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

(iv) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable by the Company under this Indenture; and

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.7, the obligations (if any) of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive.

Section 4.2 Application of Trust Money.

ARTICLE V

REMEDIES

Section 5.1 Events of Default.

(1) failure to pay any interest on the Securities within 30 days after such interest becomes due and payable by the terms of the Securities of such series;

(2) failure to pay principal of (or premium, if any, on) the Securities at maturity, or if applicable, the redemption price, when the same becomes due and payable;

(3) failure to pay any sinking fund installment as and when the same shall become due and payable by the terms of the Securities, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days;

Section 5.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

The Company covenants that if:

(1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days;

(2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at its Maturity; or

(3) default is made in the making or satisfaction of any sinking fund or analogous obligation when the same becomes due pursuant to the terms of any Security,

Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

Section 5.6 Application of Money Collected.

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee (including any predecessor trustee) under Section 6.7; and

SECOND: To the payment of amounts then due and unpaid to the holders of Senior Debt, to the extent required by Article XIV;

THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest, respectively; and

FOURTH: To the Company.

Section 5.7 Limitation on Suits.

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses, and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request, and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb, or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner provided in this Indenture and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

Section 5.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, and Interest.

Subject to Article XIV and notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.7) any interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

Section 5.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

Section 5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

Section 5.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

Section 5.12 Control by Holders.

(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,

(2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

Section 5.13 Waiver of Past Defaults.

Section 5.14 Undertaking for Costs.

ARTICLE VI

THE TRUSTEE

Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

(a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default,

(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

(1) this Subsection (c) shall not be construed to limit the effect of Subsections (a) or (d) of this Section;

Section 6.2 Notice of Defaults.

Section 6.3 Certain Rights of Trustee.

Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1:

(j) the permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties;

Section 6.4 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

Section 6.5 May Hold Securities.

Section 6.6 Money Held in Trust.

Section 6.7 Compensation and Reimbursement.

The Company agrees:

and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement, or advance as shall be determined to have been cause by its gross negligence or willful misconduct; and

The provisions of this Section 6.7 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture, the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination for any reason of this Indenture.

Section 6.8 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

Section 6.9 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

Section 6.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

(b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice of such resignation to the Company.

(d) If at any time:

(2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request by the Company or by any such Holder, or

Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

(d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

Section 6.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation, or Succession to Business.

Section 6.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

(A) the term “cash transaction” means any transaction in which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within seven days after delivery of the goods or securities in currency or in checks or other orders drawn upon banks or bankers and payable upon demand; and

(B) the term “self-liquidating paper” means any draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn, negotiated or incurred by the Company or such obligor for the purpose of financing the purchase, processing, manufacturing, shipment, storage or sale of goods, wares or merchandise and which is secured by documents evidencing title to, possession of, or a lien upon, the goods, wares or merchandise or the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale of the goods, wares or merchandise previously constituting the security, provided the security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the creation of the creditor relationship with the Company or such obligor arising from the making, drawing, negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation.

Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such Person shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


[ ], as Trustee

By:
		As Authenticating Agent

By:
		Authorized Officer

ARTICLE VII

HOLDER’S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

Section 7.1 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

provided, that if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar for such series, such lists shall not be required to be furnished.

Section 7.2 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

Section 7.3 Reports by Trustee.

Section 7.4 Reports by Company.

ARTICLE VIII

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 8.1 Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer, or lease and, if a

supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture, comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent in this Indenture provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

Section 8.2 Successor Substituted.

ARTICLE IX

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

(1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company in this Indenture and in the Securities; or

(6) to secure the Securities; or

(7) to establish the form or forms or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

(10) to cure any ambiguity, mistake, defect or inconsistency; or

(11) to make any change, provided that such change shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect.

Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders.

(1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce its principal amount or rate of interest or any premium payable upon its redemption, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of its Maturity pursuant to Section 5.2, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of the Holder of any Security, or change any Place of Payment where any Security or any premium or interest is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after its Stated Maturity (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of the Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders, or

(3) modify any of the provisions of this Section or Section 5.13, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each affected Outstanding Security, provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.11(b) and 9.1(8).

Section 9.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

Section 9.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

Section 9.5 Conformity With Trust Indenture Act.

Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

Section 9.6 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

Section 9.7 Notice of Supplemental Indentures.

ARTICLE X

COVENANTS

Section 10.1 Payment of Principal, Premium, and Interest.

Section 10.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency.

Section 10.3 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

Section 10.4 Statement by Officers as to Default.

this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture) and, if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and their nature and status of which they may have knowledge. The Company will deliver to the Trustee written notice of the occurrence of any Event of Default or default (which word has the meaning of the word “default” as used in Section 6.2), within ten (10) Business Days of the Company becoming aware of any such Event of Default or default and setting forth the detail of such Event of Default or default and the action the Company proposes to take with respect thereto.

Section 10.5 Existence.

ARTICLE XI

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

Section 11.1 Applicability of Article.

Section 11.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

Section 11.3 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed.

rules or (ii) by lot and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple of such denomination) of the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series. If less than all of the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed (unless such series is comprised of a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from the Outstanding Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence.

Section 11.4 Notice of Redemption.

All notices of redemption shall state:

(1) the Redemption Date,

(2) the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

(5) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

(6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, and

(7) the CUSIP numbers”, “ISIN” or other similar numbers, if any, of the Securities to be redeemed.

Section 11.5 Deposit of Redemption Price.

Section 11.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

Section 11.7 Securities Redeemed in Part.

ARTICLE XII

SINKING FUNDS

Section 12.1 Applicability of Article.

Section 12.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

Section 12.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

ARTICLE XIII

DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

Section 13.1 Applicability of Article; Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

Section 13.2 Defeasance and Discharge.

Section 13.3 Covenant Defeasance.

Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (“Covenant Defeasance”), (1) the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenant applicable to such Securities that is determined pursuant to Section 3.1 to be subject to this provision, and (2) the occurrence of any event specified in Section 5.1(1) or (2) or determined pursuant to Section 3.1 to be subject to this provision shall not be deemed to be or result in an Event of Default. For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition, or limitation set forth in any such Section whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere in this Indenture to any such Section or by reason of any reference in any such Section to any other provision in this Indenture or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected by such Covenant Defeasance.

Section 13.4 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

The following shall be the conditions precedent to application of either Section 13.2 or Section 13.3 to the Outstanding Securities of such series:

(1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the requirements contemplated by Section 6.9 and agrees to comply with the provisions of the Indenture applicable to it as if it were the Trustee under this Indenture), as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (A) money in an amount, or (B) U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or (C) a combination of such money and U.S. Government Obligations, in each case sufficient, without reinvestment, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee as previously provided) to pay and discharge, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Securities of such series on the Maturity of such principal, any premium or interest, and any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to the Outstanding Securities of such series on their due dates. Before such a deposit, the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in accordance with Article XI, which shall be given effect in applying the foregoing provisions. For this purpose, “U.S. Government Obligations” means securities that are (x) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged, or (y) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), which may include the Trustee, as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

Section 13.5 Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.

qualifying trustee are referred to collectively as the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 13.4 in respect of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (but not including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due on such Securities in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

Section 13.6 Reinstatement.

ARTICLE XIV

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

Section 14.1 Securities Subordinate to Senior Debt.

The Company covenants and agrees that anything in this Indenture or the Securities of any series to the contrary notwithstanding, the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities of each series is subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt to the extent provided in this Indenture, and each Holder of Securities of each series, by such Holder’s acceptance of such

Securities, likewise covenants and agrees to the subordination provided in this Indenture and shall be bound by the provisions of this Indenture. Senior Debt shall continue to be Senior Debt and entitled to the benefits of these subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification, or waiver of any term of the Senior Debt or extension or renewal of the Senior Debt.

In the event of

(a) any insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation, reorganization, readjustment, composition, or other similar proceeding relating to the Company or its property,

(b) any proceeding for the liquidation, dissolution, or other winding up of the Company, voluntary or involuntary, whether or not involving insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings,

(d) any other marshaling of the assets of the Company,

all Senior Debt (including any interest on such Senior Debt accruing after the commencement of any such proceedings) shall first be paid in full before any payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities, or other property, shall be made to any Holder of any of the Securities on account of such Securities. Any payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities, or other property (other than securities of the Company or any other corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment of which is subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these subordination provisions with respect to the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of all Senior Debt at the time outstanding and to any securities issued in respect of such Senior Debt under any such plan of reorganization or readjustment), which would otherwise (but for these subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of the Securities of any series shall be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Debt in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Debt (including any interest on such Senior Debt accruing after the commencement of any such proceedings) shall have been paid in full. In the event of any such proceeding, after payment in full of all sums owing with respect to Senior Debt, the Holders of the Securities, together with the holders of any obligations of the Company ranking on a parity with the Securities, shall be entitled to be paid from the remaining assets of the Company the amounts at the time due and owing on account of unpaid principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities and such other obligations before any payment or other distribution, whether in cash, property, or otherwise, shall be made on account of any capital stock or any obligations of the Company ranking junior to the Securities and such other obligations. The rights of holders of Senior Debt under this Section do not extend to any payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities or other property, to the extent applied to the Trustee’s rights to compensation, reimbursement of expenses or indemnification.

In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or distribution of any character or any security, whether in cash, securities, or other property (other than securities of the Company or any other corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment of which is subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these subordination provisions

with respect to the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of all Senior Debt at the time outstanding and to any securities issued in respect of such Senior Debt under any such plan of reorganization or readjustment), shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder in contravention of any of the terms of this Indenture such payment or distribution or security shall be received in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of the Senior Debt at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for applications to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Debt in full. In the event of the failure of the Trustee or any Holder to endorse or assign any such payment, distribution, or security, each holder of Senior Debt is irrevocably authorized to endorse or assign the same.

No present or future holder of any Senior Debt shall be prejudiced in the right to enforce subordination of the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company. Nothing contained in this Indenture shall impair, as between the Company and the Holders of Securities of each series, the obligation of the Company to pay to such Holders the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Securities or prevent the Trustee or the Holder from exercising all rights, powers and remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law or under this Indenture upon a default or Event of Default, all subject to the rights of the holders of the Senior Debt to receive cash, securities, or other property otherwise payable or deliverable to the Holders.

Senior Debt shall not be deemed to have been paid in full unless the holders thereof shall have received cash, securities, or other property equal to the amount of such Senior Debt then outstanding. Upon the payment in full of all Senior Debt, the Holders of Securities of each series shall be subrogated to all rights of any holders of Senior Debt to receive any further payments or distributions applicable to the Senior Debt until the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities of such series shall have been paid in full, and such payments or distributions received by such Holders, by reason of such subrogation, of cash, securities, or other property which otherwise would be paid or distributed to the holders of Senior Debt shall, as between the Company and its creditors other than the holders of Senior Debt, on the one hand, and such Holders, on the other hand, be deemed to be a payment by the Company on account of Senior Debt, and not on account of the Securities of such series.

Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else in this Article XIV contained, at any time after the 123rd day following the date of deposit of money and U.S. Government Obligations pursuant to Article IV or XIII (provided all conditions set out in the applicable Article shall have been satisfied), the funds (including U.S. Government Obligations) so deposited and any interest thereon will not be subject to any rights of holders of Senior Debt including, without limitation, those arising under this Article XIV; provided that no event described in clauses (1) and (2) of Section 5.1 has occurred during such 123-day period.

The provisions of this Section 14.1 shall not impair any rights, interests, remedies, or powers of any secured creditor of the Company in respect of any security interest the creation of which is not prohibited by the provisions of this Indenture.

Section 14.2 No Payment When Senior Debt in Default.

In the event and during the continuation of any default in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Senior Debt beyond any applicable grace period with respect to such Senior Debt, or in the event that any event of default with respect to any Senior Debt shall have occurred and be continuing permitting the holders of such Senior Debt (or the trustee on behalf of the holders of such Senior Debt) to declare such Senior Debt due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, unless and until such event of default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist and any such declaration and its consequences shall have been rescinded or annulled, or (b) in the event any judicial proceeding shall be pending with respect to any such default in payment or event of default, then no payment (including any payment which may be payable by reason of the payment of any other indebtedness of the Company being subordinated to the payment of the Securities) shall be made by the Company on account of the principal of or any premium or interest on the Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities, provided, however, that nothing in this Section 14.2 shall prevent the satisfaction of any sinking fund payment in accordance with Article XII by delivering and crediting pursuant to Section 12.2 Securities which have been acquired (upon redemption or otherwise) prior to such default in payment or event of default.

Subject to Section 14.5, in the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Security prohibited by the foregoing provisions of this Section 14.2, and if such fact shall, at or prior to the time of such payment, have been made known in a writing delivered to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee by a holder of Senior Debt or the Company or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment shall be paid over and delivered to the Company.

The provisions of this Section 14.2 shall not apply to any payment with respect to which Section 14.1 would be applicable.

Section 14.3 Trustee and Holders of Securities May Rely on Certificate of Liquidating Agent; Trustee May Require Further Evidence as to Ownership of Senior Debt; Trustee Not Fiduciary to Holders of Senior Debt.

Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article XIV, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon an order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution or winding up or liquidation or reorganization or arrangement proceedings are pending or upon a certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors, or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount of or payable on and the amount or amounts paid or distributed on such Senior Debt or other indebtedness, and all other facts pertinent to such Senior Debt or other indebtedness or to this Article XIV. In the absence of any such bankruptcy trustee, receiver, assignee, or other Person, the Trustee shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon a written notice by a Person representing itself, himself or herself to be a holder of Senior Debt (or a trustee or representative on behalf of such holder) as evidence that such Person is a holder of such Senior Debt (or is such a trustee or representative), the amount of or payable on and the amount or amounts paid or distributed on such Senior Debt or other indebtedness, and all other facts pertinent to such Senior Debt or other indebtedness. In the event that the Trustee determines, in good faith,

that further evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Debt to participate in any payments or distributions pursuant to this Article XIV, the Trustee may request such person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior Debt held by such Person, as to the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, and as to other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article XIV, and if such evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may withhold any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive payment. The Trustee, however, shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt, and shall not be liable to any such holders if it shall pay over or deliver to the Holders or the Company or any other Person, cash, securities, or other property to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this Article or otherwise. With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.

Section 14.4 Payment Permitted If No Default.

Nothing contained in this Article XIV (except in Section 14.5) or elsewhere in this Indenture, or in any of the Securities, shall prevent (a) the Company at any time, except during the pendency of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation, or reorganization proceedings referred to in Section 14.1 or under the conditions specified in Section 14.2, from making payments of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on the Securities or (b) the application by the Trustee or any Paying Agent of any moneys deposited with it under this Indenture to payments of the principal of or interest on the Securities, if, at the time of such deposit, a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or such Paying Agent, as the case may be, had not received at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee the Officers’ Certificate or written notice provided for in Section 14.5 of any event prohibiting the making of such deposit, or if, at the time of such deposit (whether or not in trust) by the Company with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) such payment would not have been prohibited by the provisions of this Article, and the Trustee or any Paying Agent shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary received by it on or after such date.

Section 14.5 Trustee Not Charged with Knowledge of Prohibition.

Anything in this Article XIV or elsewhere contained in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall not at any time be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any payment of moneys to or by the Trustee, and shall be entitled conclusively to assume that no such facts exist and that no event specified in Section 14.1 or Section 14.2 has happened, unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee (i) an Officers’ Certificate to that effect or (ii) notice in writing to that effect signed by or on behalf of the holder or holders, or their representatives, of Senior Debt who shall have been certified by the Company or otherwise established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee to be such holder or holders or representatives or from any trustee under any indenture pursuant to which such Senior Debt shall be outstanding; and before the receipt of any such Officers’ Certificate or written notice, the Trustee shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist; provided, however, that if the Trustee shall not have received the Officers’ Certificate or the written notice provided for in

this Section at least three (3) Business Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any money may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security) then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have all power and authority to receive such money and to apply the same to the purpose for which such money were received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it during or after such three (3) Business Day period.

The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee and to the Paying Agent of any facts which would prohibit the payment of money or assets to or by the Trustee or any Paying Agent.

Section 14.6 Trustee to Effectuate Subordination.

Each Holder of Securities by such Holder’s acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on such Holder’s behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as between such Holder and holders of Senior Debt as provided in this Article and appoints the Trustee its attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

Section 14.7 Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior Debt.

The Trustee shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article with respect to any Senior Debt which may at the time be held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Debt. Nothing in this Article shall deprive the Trustee of any rights as such holder.

Section 14.8 Article Applicable to Paying Agents.

In case at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Company and be then acting under this Indenture, the term “Trustee” as used in this Article shall in such case (unless the context shall otherwise require) be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if the Paying Agent were named in this Article in addition to or in place of the Trustee, provided, however, that Sections 14.5 and 14.7 shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company if the Company or such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

Section 14.9 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Company or Holders of Senior Debt.

No right of any present or future holders of any Senior Debt to enforce subordination as provided in this Indenture shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms, provisions, and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge which any such holder may have or be otherwise charged with. The holders of Senior Debt may, at any time or from time to time and in their absolute discretion, change the manner, place, or terms of payment, change or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, any such Senior Debt, or amend or supplement any instrument pursuant to which any such Senior Debt is issued or by which it may be secured, or release any security, or exercise or refrain from exercising any other of their rights under the Senior Debt

including, without limitation, the waiver of default, all without notice to or assent from the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee and without affecting the obligations of the Company, the Trustee, or the Holders of the Securities under this Article.

Section 14.10 Trustee’s Rights to Compensation, Reimbursement of Expenses and Indemnification.

Nothing in this Article shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Sections 5.6 or 6.7.

Section 14.11 Modification of Subordination Provisions.

Anything in Article IX or elsewhere contained in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, no modification or amendment and no supplemental indenture shall modify the subordination provisions of this Article XIV in a manner that would adversely affect the holders of Senior Debt.

This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or electronic format (i.e., “pdf’ or “tif’) transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or electronic format (i.e., “pdf’ or “tif’) shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED

By:
		Name:
		Title:

[ ], as Trustee

By:
		Name:
		Title:

Exhibit 5.1

30 July 2020

Matter: 366565

Doc Ref.: 17470287

Elizabeth.Denman@conyersdill.com

(441) 278-7842

Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited

367 Syngrou Avenue

175 64 P. Faliro

Athens, Greece

Dear Sirs,

Re: Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited (the “Company”)

We have acted as special Bermuda legal counsel to the Company in connection with a registration statement on form F-3 to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) (the “Registration Statement”, which term does not include any other document or agreement whether or not specifically referred to therein or attached as an exhibit or schedule thereto) relating to the shelf registration under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) of: (a) common shares, par value US$5.00 each (“Common Shares”), preferred shares, par value US$1.00 each (“Preference Shares” and, together with Common Shares, “Equity Securities”, which term includes any common shares or preference shares to be issued pursuant to the conversion, exchange or exercise of any other Securities), debt securities which may be convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other Securities (“Debt Securities”), warrants (“Warrants”), rights to purchase Common Shares (“Rights”), depository shares (“Depository Shares”), purchase contracts (“Purchase Contracts”) and units consisting of any combination of the foregoing securities (“Units”) of the Company; and (b) up to (i) 6,285,604 Common Shares, (ii) 280,544 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series C Preferred Shares”), (iii) 308,171 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series D Preferred Shares”), (iv) 145,000 Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series E Preferred Shares”), (v) 215,000 Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (“Series F Preferred Shares”), that may be sold by or on behalf of certain selling shareholders of the Company (the “Issued Shares”) or their donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest (collectively, the “Securities”).

For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined a copy of the Registration Statement. We have reviewed a Certificate of Compliance issued by the Bermuda Registrar of Companies in respect of the Company dated 27 July 2020. We have also reviewed the following documents each certified by the Secretary of the Company on 30 July 2020: (i) the certificate of incorporation, the memorandum of association and the bye laws of the Company together with an incumbency certificate for the Company (together, the “Constitutional Documents”); (ii) extracts from minutes of the meetings of the Company’s directors held on 28 September 2005 relating to the offering of the Company’s Common Shares; (iii) resolutions adopted by the Shareholders’ of the Company on 8 May 2013 and 28 May 2020; (iv) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 21 September 2012 approving the establishment of a committee of the Board of Directors with authority to issue and sell, from time to time, amongst other things, preference shares, and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to them (the “Pricing Committee”); (v) unanimous written resolutions of the Pricing Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 26 September 2013 authorizing the issuance of Class C Preferred Shares and including a Certificate of Designation of the terms of Series C Preferred Shares; (vi) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 12 June 2014 appointing the new pricing committee (“NPC”) with authority to issue and sell, amongst other things, preference shares and to determine the special rights and restrictions attaching to the them; (vii) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 22 April 2015 authorizing the issuance of the Class D Preferred Shares and including a Certificate of Designation of the terms of Series D Preferred Shares , (viii) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 29 March 2017 authorizing the issuance of Series E Preferred Shares and including a Certificate of Designation of the terms of the Series E Preferred Shares; and (ix) unanimous written resolutions of the NPC of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 21 June 2018 authorizing the issuance of Series F Preferred Shares and including a Certificate of Designation of the terms of the Series F Preferred Shares; (x) unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors dated 30 July 2020 relating to the Registration Statement, (xi) (items (ii) through (x) are referred to herein as the “Resolutions”) and such other documents and made such enquiries as to questions of law as we have deemed necessary in order to render the opinion set forth below. We have also reviewed a copy of the applicable permission letter from the Bermuda Monetary Association (“BMA”) dated 9 May 2008 in respect of the Company (the “Company BMA Letter”).

For the purposes of our opinion paragraph 4 below, we have reviewed and relied upon the register of members of the Company dated 29 July 2020, prepared by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. the Company’s transfer agent and registrar.

We have assumed (a) the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures and the conformity to the originals of all copies (whether or not certified) examined by us and the authenticity and completeness of the originals from which such copies were taken, (b) that where a

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document has been examined by us in draft form, it will be or has been executed and/or filed in the form of that draft, and where a number of drafts of a document have been examined by us all changes thereto have been marked or otherwise drawn to our attention, (c) the accuracy and completeness of all factual representations made in the Registration Statement and other documents reviewed by us, (d) that the Resolutions were passed at one or more duly convened, constituted and quorate meetings, or by unanimous written resolutions and remain in full force and effect and have not been rescinded or amended; (e) that the Company will issue the Securities in furtherance of its objects as set out in its memorandum of association, (f) that, in respect of any future issuances of Securities only, the Constitutional Documents will not be amended in any manner that would affect the opinions expressed herein, (g) that there is no provision of the law of any jurisdiction, other than Bermuda, which would have any implication in relation to the opinions expressed herein, (h) that the Company will have sufficient authorised capital to effect the issue of any of the Equity Securities at the time of issuance, whether as a principal issue or on the conversion, exchange or exercise of any Securities, (i) that the Company’s shares will be listed on an appointed stock exchange, as defined in the Companies Act 1981, as amended (the “Companies Act”), and the consent to the issue and free transfer of the Securities given by the Bermuda Monetary Authority as of 9 May 2008 will not have been revoked or amended at the time of issuance of any Securities, (j) that the form and terms of any and all Securities (including without limitation, the designation, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of Preference Shares) or other securities (or other obligations, rights, currencies, commodities or other subject matter) comprising the same or subject thereto (in the case of the Warrants and Units), the issuance and sale thereof by the Company, and the Company’s incurrence and performance of its obligations thereunder or in respect thereof (including, without limitation, its obligations under any related agreement, indenture or supplement thereto) in accordance with the terms thereof will not violate the Constitutional Documents nor any applicable law, regulation, order or decree in Bermuda, (k) that all necessary corporate action will be taken to authorise and approve any issuance of Securities (including, if Preference Shares are to be issued, all necessary corporate action to establish one or more series of Preference Shares and fix the designation, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof), the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, and that the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement and, if Debt Securities are to be issued, the applicable indenture and any applicable supplements thereto, will be duly approved, executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company and all other parties thereto, (l) that the applicable purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, any Debt Security, any indenture and any supplement thereto and any other agreement or other document relating to any Security will be valid and binding in accordance with its terms pursuant to its governing law, (m) that the issuance and sale of and payment for the Securities will be in accordance with the applicable purchase, underwriting or similar agreement duly approved by the Board of Directors, the Registration Statement (including the prospectus set forth therein and any applicable supplement thereto) and, if Debt Securities are to be issued, the applicable

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indenture and any applicable supplements thereto, (n) that, upon the issue of any Equity Securities, the Company will receive consideration for the full issue price thereof which shall be equal to at least the par value thereof, (o) that the Company will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Part III of the Companies Act entitled “Prospectuses and Public Offers”, (p) the capacity, power and authority of all parties other than the Company to enter into and perform their obligations under any and all documents entered into by such parties in connection with the issuance of the Securities, and the due execution and delivery thereof by each party thereto, and (q) that none of the parties to such documents carries on business from premises in Bermuda at which it employs staff and pays salaries and other expenses.

The obligations of the Company in connection with any Security and any indenture or other agreement or document relating thereto (a) will be subject to the laws from time to time in effect relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, possessory liens, rights of set off, reorganisation, amalgamation, moratorium or any other laws or legal procedures, whether of a similar nature or otherwise, generally affecting the rights of creditors, (b) will be subject to statutory limitation of the time within which proceedings may be brought, (c) will be subject to general principles of equity and, as such, specific performance and injunctive relief, being equitable remedies, may not be available, (d) may not be given effect to by a Bermuda court if and to the extent they constitute the payment of an amount which is in the nature of a penalty and not in the nature of liquidated damages, and (e) may not be given effect by a Bermuda court to the extent that they are to be performed in a jurisdiction outside Bermuda and such performance would be illegal under the laws of that jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any contractual submission to the jurisdiction of specific courts, a Bermuda court has inherent discretion to stay or allow proceedings in the Bermuda courts.

“Non-assessability” is not a legal concept under Bermuda law, but when we describe the Common Shares and/or Preference Shares herein as being “non-assessable” we mean, subject to any contrary provision in any agreement between the Company and any one of its members holding any of the Common Shares and Preference Shares (but only with respect to such member), that no further sums are payable with respect to the issue of such shares and no member shall be bound by an alteration in the Constitutional Documents after the date upon which it became a member if and so far as the alteration requires such member to take or subscribe for additional Common Shares or Preferred Shares or in any way increases its liability to contribute to the share capital of, or otherwise pay money to, the Company.

We have made no investigation of and express no opinion in relation to the laws of any jurisdiction other than Bermuda. This opinion is to be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Bermuda and is limited to and is given on the basis of the current law and practice in Bermuda. This opinion is issued solely for the purposes of the filing of the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Securities by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon in respect of any other matter.

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On the basis of and subject to the foregoing we are of the opinion that:

The Company is duly incorporated and existing under the laws of Bermuda in good standing (meaning solely that it has not failed to make any filing with any Bermuda governmental authority or to pay any Bermuda government fee or tax which would make it liable to be struck off the Register of Companies and thereby cease to exist under the laws of Bermuda).

2.	Upon the due issuance of Common Shares and/or Preference Shares and payment of the consideration therefor, such Common Shares and/or Preference Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

Upon the due issuance of: (a) Debt Securities of any series; (b) Warrants; (c) Rights; (d) Depository Shares; (e) Purchase Contracts; and/or (f) Units, and payment of the consideration therefor (as may be required), such Securities will be validly issued and (except in the case of any Equity Securities forming part of a Unit) will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with the terms thereof.

4.	The Issued Shares are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are experts within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act or that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

Yours faithfully,

/s/ Conyers Dill & Pearman Limited

Page 5 of 5

Exhibit 5.2

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

101 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10178

July 30, 2020

Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited

367 Syngrou Avenue

175 64 P. Faliro

Athens, Greece

RE: Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited—Registration Statement on Form F-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are acting as special New York and United States federal law counsel to Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited, a Bermuda company (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing of a Registration Statement on Form F-3 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). The Registration Statement relates to the proposed offering and sale of (i) up to $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s debt securities (the “Debt Securities”), common shares, preferred shares, warrants, rights, depositary shares, purchase contracts and units, and (ii) up to (A) 6,325,604 common shares, (B) 280,544 8.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, (C) 308,171 8.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, (D) 145,000 Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares and (E) 215,000 Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, in, in each case, that may be sold by or on behalf of selling shareholders of the Company or their donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest (the “Resale Shares”).

In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the Registration Statement, the form of Senior Indenture to be entered into by the Company and a trustee (the “Senior Indenture”), the form of Subordinated Indenture to be entered into by the Company and a Trustee (the “Subordinated Indenture” and, together with the Senior Indenture, the “Indentures”), and such other documents and records as we have deemed necessary.

With your permission, for the purposes of the opinions expressed herein, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of the documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity with the originals of all documents submitted to us as certified, facsimile or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. We have assumed that the Company has the requisite legal power and authority under Bermuda law to execute and deliver the Indentures and perform its respective obligations thereunder. We have further assumed that the execution, delivery and performance of the applicable Indenture will have been duly authorized by the Company at the time of any offering of debt securities and that such Indenture will have been duly executed and delivered by the Company.

We have also assumed for purposes of our opinion that the trustee (the “Trustee”) under the Indentures will be qualified to act as trustee thereunder and the Indentures will be duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, that the Indentures and any Supplemental Indenture will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Trustee, that the Indentures and any Supplemental Indenture will constitute a legal, valid and binding obligations of the Trustee, and that the Trustee has the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under the Indentures and any Supplemental Indenture.

We have further assumed with respect to any Debt Securities that (i) the applicable indenture will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, (ii) a Supplemental Indenture or an Officer’s Certificate with respect to such Debt Securities will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, (iii) such Debt Securities will be authenticated by the Trustee as provided in the applicable Indenture and any Supplemental

Indenture with respect thereto, and (iv) such Debt Securities will be executed, issued and delivered by the Company (a) against receipt of the consideration for the Debt Securities approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and (b) as provided in the applicable Indenture and any Supplemental Indenture with respect thereto.

Based upon and subject to the foregoing, and the limitations and qualifications described below, we are of the opinion that when any series of the Debt Securities are duly authorized and executed by the Company, and the Debt Securities are duly authenticated by the Trustee in accordance with the applicable Indenture and any Supplemental Indenture with respect thereto and are issued and delivered by the Company against receipt of the purchase price therefore, the Debt Securities will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company.

The opinion expressed above is subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

The enforceability opinions set forth above are subject to the effects of (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights or remedies generally, (ii) general principles of equity (whether such principles are considered in a proceeding at law or equity), including the discretion of the court before which any proceeding may be brought, concepts of good faith, reasonableness and fair dealing and standards of materiality, and (iii) limitations on enforceability to the extent that acceleration of indebtedness under any debt security may impair collectibility of that portion, if any, of the principal amount thereof that might be determined to be unearned interest thereon.

We express no opinion as to the effect of any U.S. Federal or state laws regarding fraudulent transfers or conveyances. We express no opinion as to the laws of any jurisdiction other than the laws of the State of New York, as currently in effect, that in our experience are applicable to transactions of the type contemplated by the Registration Statement and the Indenture. In particular (and without limiting the generality of the foregoing) we express no opinion concerning (i) the laws of any country or subdivision thereof (other than the laws of the State of New York) or as to the effect of such laws (whether limiting, prohibitive or otherwise) on any of the rights or obligations of the Company, the holders of the debt securities, or any other party to or beneficiary of any of the Indentures, any supplemental indenture or the debt securities or (ii) the effect, if any, of the law of any jurisdiction (except the State of New York) in which any holder of any debt security is located that limits the rate of interest that such holder may charge or collect.

We express no opinion as to (i) whether a United States Federal court would accept jurisdiction in any dispute, action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to the debt securities, the Indentures, any supplemental indenture, the Debt Securities or the transactions contemplated thereby, (ii) any objection to jurisdiction on the basis of the inconvenience of the forum provided for in the applicable Indenture or any supplemental indenture or (iii) any provision in the Indenture or any supplement indenture relating to judgments in other currencies.

We hereby consent to the use of this opinion as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to us under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are acting within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules or regulations of the Commission thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in the Registration Statement (Form F-3) and related Prospectus of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited for the registration of debt securities, warrants, rights, depositary shares, purchase contracts, units, common shares and preferred shares and to the incorporation by reference therein of our reports dated April 14, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and subsidiaries, included in its Annual Report (Form 20-F) for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A.

Athens, Greece

July 30, 2020