PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY

2021 ANNUAL MEETING INFORMATION

This Proxy Statement is being furnished to the holders of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), of Moody’s Corporation (“Moody’s” or the “Company”) in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors” or the “Board”) for use in voting at the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Annual Meeting”). This summary highlights certain information from this Proxy Statement. You should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting.

This Proxy Statement and the accompanying proxy card are first being made available to stockholders on March 10, 2021. The Company’s telephone number is (212) 553-0300.

HOW TO VOTE IN ADVANCE OF THE VIRTUAL MEETING

In addition to voting at the Annual Meeting, stockholders of record can vote by proxy by following the instructions in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) and using the Internet or by calling the toll-free telephone number that is available on the Internet. Alternatively, stockholders of record who requested a paper copy of the proxy materials can vote by proxy by mailing their signed proxy cards. The telephone and Internet voting procedures are designed to authenticate stockholders’ identities, to allow stockholders to give their voting instructions and to confirm that stockholders’ instructions have been recorded properly.

If your shares are held in “street name” (that is, through a bank, broker or other nominee), you may receive a Notice from that firm containing instructions that you must follow in order for your shares to be voted. Certain institutions offer telephone and Internet voting. If you received the proxy materials in paper form, the materials include a voting instruction card so you can instruct the holder of record on

how to vote your shares. For additional information, including voting procedures for certain current and former employees, see “Information about the Annual Meeting, Proxy Voting and Other Information” on page 74.

HOW TO PARTICIPATE IN THE ANNUAL MEETING

Stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 23, 2021, the record date, are entitled to participate in and vote at the Annual Meeting. To participate in the Annual Meeting, including to vote, ask questions, and view the list of registered stockholders as of the record date during the meeting, you must go to the meeting website at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MCO2021, enter the 16-digit control number found on your proxy card, voting instruction card or the Notice, and follow the instructions on the website. The meeting webcast will begin promptly at 9:30 a.m. EDT. If your shares are held in street name and your voting instruction card or Notice indicates that you may vote those shares through the www.proxyvote.com website, then you may access, participate in, and vote at the Annual Meeting with the 16-digit access code indicated on that voting instruction card or Notice. Otherwise, stockholders who hold their shares in street name should contact their bank, broker or other nominee (preferably at least 5 days before the Annual Meeting) and obtain a “legal proxy” in order to be able to attend, participate in or vote at the Annual Meeting. Online check-in will begin approximately 15 minutes prior, and we encourage you to allow ample time for check-in. If you experience technical difficulties during the check-in process, or at any time during the Annual Meeting, please call 844-986-0822 (U.S.) or +1 303-562-9302 (international) for technical support.

Moody’s will endeavor to respond during the Annual Meeting to as many stockholder-submitted questions as time permits that comply with the meeting rules of conduct. We will post answers to all proper stockholder questions (whether or not answered during the meeting) received regarding our Company on our Investor Relationship website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Us—Investor Relations” as soon as is practicable following the meeting.

Rules for the conduct of the Annual Meeting will be available on the meeting website. In addition, for information about how to view the rules and the list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting during the ten days preceding the Annual Meeting, please visit our Company’s website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Us—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance.”

DIRECTOR NOMINEE HIGHLIGHTS

The Company strives to maintain a Board that possesses a combination of skills, professional experience, and diversity of backgrounds and tenure necessary to effectively oversee the Company’s business. As part of the search process for each new director, the Governance & Nominating Committee includes women and minorities in the pool of candidates and instructs any search firm the Committee engages to do so (often called a “Rooney Rule”). One director nominee has identified himself as Hispanic/Latino and a second nominee as Black/African American. Eight of the ten directors currently serving and Lloyd W. Howell, Jr., who was elected director by the Board effective March 15, 2021, are standing for election at the Annual Meeting. Basil L. Anderson and Henry A. McKinnell, Jr. will not stand for reelection to the Board at the Annual Meeting and will retire from the Board at the end of their current term. Information regarding the director nominees is provided below.

Director Skills Distribution

✓ Independent                C: Chairman                M: Member

SUSTAINABILITY

Moody’s manages its business with the goal of delivering value to all of its stakeholders, including its customers, employees, business partners, local communities and stockholders. As part of this effort, Moody’s advances sustainability by considering environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) factors throughout its operations and products and services. It uses its expertise and assets to make a positive difference through technology tools, research and analytical services that help other organizations and the investor community better understand the links between sustainability considerations and the global markets. Moody’s efforts to promote sustainability-related thought leadership, assessments and data to market participants include following the policies of recognized sustainability organizations that develop standards or frameworks and/or evaluate and assess performance, including Global Reporting Initiative and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. The Company also issues an annual report on how the Company has implemented the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) recommendations. Moody’s sustainability-related achievements in 2020 included the following:

The Moody’s Decarbonization Plan was developed by management and is provided as Appendix A in connection with the advisory “Say-on-Climate Plan” proposal. Management joins the Board in its support of the proposal.

The Board oversees sustainability matters, with assistance from the Audit and Governance & Nominating Committees, as part of its oversight of management and the Company’s overall strategy. The Board also oversees Moody’s policies for assessing and managing our exposure to risk, including climate-related risks such as business continuity disruption or reputational and credibility concerns stemming from incorporation of climate-related risks into the credit methodologies and credit ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s Investors Service” or “MIS”). Such oversight is supported by assistance from the Audit and Governance & Nominating Committees:

Audit Committee. Oversees financial, risk, accounting and other disclosures made in the Company’s annual and quarterly reports related to sustainability.   Governance & Nominating Committee. Oversees sustainability matters, including significant issues of corporate social and environmental responsibility, as they pertain to the Company’s business and to long-term value creation for the Company and its stockholders, and makes recommendations to the Board regarding these issues
				Expanded voluntary sustainability disclosure in the 10-K and 10-Q   Development of a robust ESG strategy for the Company

HUMAN CAPITAL

As a global integrated risk assessment firm, attracting, supporting and retaining skilled talent is essential to the Company’s success. Moody’s addresses these goals by: (i) promoting diversity, equity and inclusion among employees; (ii) seeking to provide market-competitive compensation and benefits

and rewarding employees for their contributions to the Company’s strategic and operational goals; (iii) offering wellness programs; (iv) supporting employee learning, development and skills enhancement; and (v) advancing employee engagement.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

In order to address evolving best practices and new regulatory requirements, the Board of Directors reviews its corporate governance practices and the charters for its standing committees at least annually. After performing its annual governance review for 2020, the Board determined to amend the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles and its charters for the Audit, Governance & Nominating, Compensation & Human Resources and Executive Committees. A copy of the Corporate Governance Principles is available on the Company’s website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Us—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance—Other Governance Documents.” Copies of the charters of the Audit Committee, the Governance & Nominating Committee, the Compensation & Human Resources Committee and the Executive Committee are available on the Company’s website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Us—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance—Charter Documents.” Print copies of the Corporate Governance Principles and the committee charters may also be obtained upon request, addressed to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at 7 World Trade Center at 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007. The Audit Committee, the Governance & Nominating Committee and the Compensation & Human Resources Committee assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities, as described below. The Executive Committee has the authority to exercise the powers of the Board when it is not in session (subject to applicable law, rules and regulations, and the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws), advises management and performs other duties delegated to it by the Board from time to time.

BOARD MEETINGS AND COMMITTEES

During 2020, the Board of Directors met nine times. The Board had four standing committees: an Audit Committee, a Governance & Nominating Committee, a Compensation & Human Resources Committee and an Executive Committee. All incumbent directors attended more than 90% of the total number of meetings of the Board and of all Board committees on which they served in 2020.

Please refer to page 15 for additional information regarding the Audit Committee, page 18 for additional information regarding the Governance & Nominating Committee and page 18 for additional information regarding the Compensation & Human Resources Committee. The Executive Committee did not meet in 2020. Directors are encouraged to attend the Annual Meeting. All individuals elected to the Board at the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders attended the meeting.

RECOMMENDATION OF DIRECTOR CANDIDATES

The Governance & Nominating Committee considers and makes recommendations to the Board regarding the size, structure, composition and functioning of the Board and engages in succession planning for the Board and key leadership roles on the Board and its committees. The Governance & Nominating Committee is also responsible for overseeing processes for the selection and nomination of director candidates. The Governance & Nominating Committee periodically reviews the skills, experience, characteristics and other criteria for identifying and evaluating directors, and recommends these criteria to the Board. The Governance & Nominating Committee will consider director candidates recommended by stockholders of the Company and may also engage independent search firms from time to time to assist in identifying and evaluating potential director candidates. In considering a candidate for Board membership, whether proposed by stockholders or otherwise, the Governance & Nominating Committee examines the candidate’s business experience, qualifications, attributes and skills relevant to the management and oversight of the Company’s business, independence, the ability to represent diverse stockholder interests, judgment, integrity, the ability to commit sufficient time and attention to Board activities, and the absence of any potential conflicts with the Company’s business and interests. The Committee also seeks diverse occupational and personal backgrounds for the

Board. See “Qualifications and Skills of Directors” on page 24 and “Director Nominees” beginning on page 25 for additional information on the Company’s directors. To have a candidate considered by the Governance & Nominating Committee, a stockholder must submit the recommendation in writing and must include the following information:

The stockholder recommendation and information described above must be sent to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at 7 World Trade Center at 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007 or emailed to corporatesecretary@moodys.com, and must be received by the Corporate Secretary not later than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date the definitive proxy statement was first released to stockholders in connection with the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders. For the Company’s 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, this deadline is November 10, 2021.

The Governance & Nominating Committee identifies potential nominees by asking current directors and executive officers to notify the Committee if they become aware of persons who meet the criteria described above and might be available to serve on the Board. As described above, the Committee will also consider candidates recommended by stockholders on the same basis as those from other sources. The Governance & Nominating Committee, from time to time, may engage firms that specialize in identifying director candidates for the Committee’s consideration.

Once a person has been identified by or for the Governance & Nominating Committee as a potential candidate, the Committee may collect and review publicly available information regarding the person to assess whether the person should be considered further. If the Governance & Nominating Committee determines that the candidate warrants further consideration, the chairman or another member of the Committee contacts the person. Generally, if the person expresses a willingness to be considered and to serve on the Board, the Governance & Nominating Committee requests information from the candidate, reviews the candidate’s accomplishments and qualifications, including in light of any other candidates whom the Committee might be considering, and conducts one or more interviews with the candidate. In certain instances, Committee members may contact one or more references provided by the candidate or may contact other members of the business community or other persons that may have greater first-hand knowledge of the candidate’s accomplishments.

DIRECTOR EDUCATION

The Company provides all new directors with an initial orientation session, which includes a comprehensive overview of the Company and the opportunity to meet with key leaders of the organization such as the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel, the Presidents of MIS and Moody’s Analytics, Inc. (“Moody’s Analytics” or “MA”), the Chief Strategy Officer, the Chief Audit Executive, the Chief Technology Officer and the Controller. This orientation includes, among other topics, an overview of the Company’s business, including MIS and MA, corporate governance, compliance program, strategy, technology and cybersecurity, enterprise risk management, and legal and regulatory matters.

Board and committee meetings, industry and corporate governance update presentations, periodic reports from the Company’s businesses and external training programs also provide the Company’s directors with continuing education throughout their tenure. The Company reimburses

directors for expenses associated with attendance at external education programs. In 2020, several directors participated with management in a diversity and inclusion training seminar.    

BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE

The Board periodically reviews its leadership structure to evaluate whether the structure remains appropriate and make a determination regarding whether or not to separate the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer based upon the circumstances. The Company’s Corporate Governance Principles permit the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer to be filled by a single person or different individuals. This flexibility allows the Board to review the structure of the Board periodically and determine whether to separate the two roles based upon the Company’s needs and circumstances from time to time.    

In 2020, in connection with the retirement of Mr. McDaniel as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and the Board’s election of Mr. Fauber to succeed him, the Board determined to separate the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. By separating these roles, Mr. Fauber will be able to focus on executing the Company’s strategy as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. McDaniel, whom the Board has appointed as non-executive Chairman of the Board, will be able to devote his attention to matters of Board oversight and governance and support a smooth transition as Mr. Fauber moves into his role. In addition, in connection with this transition and in light of the Board’s continued belief that strong, independent Board leadership is a critical aspect of effective corporate governance, the Board amended the Corporate Governance Principles to provide that, whenever and for so long as the Chairman is not an independent director, the independent directors will appoint an independent director to serve as the Lead Independent Director. In 2020, the independent directors appointed Mr. Forlenza to serve as Lead Independent Director for a term expiring at the Annual Meeting.

The role of Lead Independent Director is designed to support the Company’s strong, independent Board leadership and enhance candor and communication between the independent members of the Board, the non-executive Chairman, and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. In support of this goal, the Lead Independent Director has a robust set of responsibilities, including:

In addition to Mr. Forlenza’s role as Lead Independent Director, he also serves as chairman of the Governance & Nominating Committee.

CODES OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS

The Company has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Controller, or persons performing similar functions. The Company has also adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to the Company’s directors, officers and

employees. A current copy of each of these codes is available on the Company’s website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Us—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance—Other Governance Documents.” A copy of each is also available in print to stockholders upon request, addressed to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at 7 World Trade Center at 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007. The Company intends to satisfy disclosure requirements regarding any amendments to, or waivers from, the codes of ethics by posting such information on the Company’s website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Us—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance—Other Governance Documents.”

DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

To assist it in making determinations of a director’s independence, the Board has adopted independence standards that are set forth below and are included in the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. The Board has determined that Mr. Anderson, Mr. Bermudez, Ms Esperdy, Mr. Forlenza, Ms Hill, Dr. McKinnell, Ms Seidman and Mr. Van Saun and thus a majority of the directors on the Board, are independent under these standards, as is Mr. Howell who will join the Board effective March 15, 2021. In addition, the Board had previously determined that Mr. Gerrit Zalm, who retired from the Board effective April 21, 2020, the date of Moody’s 2020 annual meeting, was independent under these standards. The standards adopted by the Board incorporate the director independence criteria included in the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) listing standards, as well as additional criteria established by the Board. The Audit Committee, the Governance & Nominating Committee and the Compensation & Human Resources Committee are composed entirely of independent directors. In accordance with NYSE requirements and the independence standards adopted by the Board, all members of the Audit Committee and the Compensation & Human Resources Committee meet additional heightened independence standards applicable to audit committee and compensation committee members.

An “independent” director is a director whom the Board has determined has no material relationship with the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries (for purposes of this section, collectively referred to as the “Company”), either directly, or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company. For purposes of this definition, the Board has determined that a director is not independent if:

An “immediate family” member includes a director’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mother- and father-in-law, sons- and daughters-in-law, brothers- and sisters-in-law, and anyone (other than a domestic employee) who shares the director’s home.

In addition, a director is not considered independent for purposes of serving on the Audit Committee, and may not serve on the Audit Committee, if the director: (a) accepts, directly or indirectly, from Moody’s Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee, other than Board and committee fees and fixed amounts of compensation under a retirement plan (including deferred compensation) for prior service with Moody’s Corporation; or (b) is an “affiliated person” of Moody’s Corporation or any of its subsidiaries; each as determined in accordance with SEC regulations.

Furthermore, in determining whether a director is considered independent for purposes of serving on the Compensation & Human Resources Committee, the Board must consider all factors specifically relevant to determining whether the director has a relationship with the Company that is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member, including, but not limited to: (a) the source of the director’s compensation, including any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee paid by the Company to the director; and (b) whether the director is affiliated with Moody’s Corporation, any of its subsidiaries or an affiliate of any subsidiary; each as determined in accordance with SEC regulations.

In assessing independence, the Board took into account that Mr. Bermudez, Ms Esperdy, Mr. Forlenza, Ms Hill, Ms Seidman and Mr. Van Saun each served during 2020, or currently serves (and that Mr. Zalm served, prior to his retirement from the Board), as directors, employees or trustees of entities that are rated or have issued securities rated by Moody’s Investors Service, as listed in the Company’s Director and Shareholder Affiliation Policy posted on the Company’s website under the headings “About Moody’s—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance—Other Governance Documents,” and that in 2020 the associated fees from each such entity accounted for less than 1% of annual revenues of the Company and each of the other entities. The Board also took into account Mr. Howell’s service as an employee of an entity that is rated or have issued securities rated by Moody’s Investors Service and that in 2020 the associated fees from such entity also accounted for less than 1% of annual revenues of the Company and each of the other entities. In addition, the Board took into account that the Company from time to time engages in business with entities where one of our directors, director candidates or their immediate family members are employed or have other

relationships. The Board found nothing in the relationships to be contrary to the standards for determining independence as contained in the NYSE’s requirements and the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. A copy of these standards is found in Attachment A to the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles on the Company’s website at www.moodys.com under the headings “About Moody’s—Investor Relations—Corporate Governance—Other Governance Documents.”

BOARD AND COMMITTEE EVALUATION PROCESS

The Company’s Board and committee evaluation process is summarized below. The topics considered during the evaluation include Board effectiveness in overseeing key areas, such as strategy and risk, performance of committees’ duties under their respective charters, Board and committee operations, and individual director performance.

Every three years, an independent third party is engaged to conduct the evaluations in the form of confidential interviews with individual directors in lieu of the written questionnaire. In 2020, an external counsel conducted the annual Board and committee evaluation and provided to the Board an overview of the responses, including a discussion of development opportunities and a summary of the most significant results organized by topic.

THE BOARD’S ROLE IN THE OVERSIGHT OF COMPANY RISK

The Board of Directors oversees the Company’s enterprise-wide approach to the major risks facing the Company and, with the assistance of the Audit Committee and the Compensation & Human

Resources Committee, oversees the Company’s policies for assessing and managing its exposure to risk. The Audit Committee reviews the Company’s policies with respect to enterprise-wide risk assessment and risk management, financial and compliance risks, including risks relating to internal controls and cyber risks, and major legislative and regulatory developments that could materially affect the Company. The Audit Committee reviews the implementation and effectiveness of the Company’s enterprise risk management program with the Chief Risk Officer. In addition, the Board periodically reviews these risks and, with the assistance of the Audit Committee, the Company’s risk management processes, including in connection with its review of the Company’s strategy. The Board’s responsibilities include reviewing the Company’s practices with respect to risk assessment and risk management and reviewing contingent liabilities and risks that may be material to the Company. The Compensation & Human Resources Committee oversees management’s assessment of whether the Company’s compensation structure, policies and programs create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company and reviews the results of this assessment.

Under the oversight of the Board and its committees, the Chief Executive Officer has established an Enterprise-Wide Risk Committee, comprised of the Chief Executive Officer and his direct reports, which include the Chief Risk Officer. The Enterprise-Wide Risk Committee reviews the work of the Enterprise Risk Function that is managed by the Chief Risk Officer. The Chief Risk Officer oversees risk officers for the Company’s two business segments, MIS and MA, and the support functions in Moody’s Shared Services, Inc. who periodically report on risks and their mitigations within their areas of responsibility. Among other things, the Enterprise Risk Function is responsible for identifying and monitoring existing and emerging risks that are important to the achievement of the Company’s strategic and operative objectives; reviewing appropriate polices, monitoring and reporting frameworks to support effective management of important risks; reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of management processes and action plans to address such risks; advising on and recommending to executive management any significant actions or initiatives that they believe are necessary to effectively manage risk; and seeing that activities of discrete risk management disciplines within the Company are appropriately coordinated. The Chief Risk Officer presented the Enterprise Risk Committee’s analysis to the directors six times in 2020. Additionally, the Audit Committee, the Governance & Nominating Committee and the Compensation & Human Resources Committee reviewed risks within their areas of responsibility at separate meetings in 2020. Significant risk issues evaluated by and/or major changes proposed by the Enterprise-Wide Risk Committee and the Chief Risk Officer are discussed at various Board meetings throughout the year.

EXECUTIVE SESSIONS

The independent directors routinely meet in executive session at regularly scheduled Board meetings. Vincent A. Forlenza, the Board’s Lead Independent Director, establishes the agenda for and presides at these sessions and has the authority to call additional sessions as appropriate.

COMMUNICATIONS WITH DIRECTORS

The Board of Directors has established a process to receive communications from stockholders and other interested parties. Stockholders and other interested parties may communicate with the Board of Directors or with all non-management directors as a group, or with a specific director or directors (including the Chairman of the Board), by writing to them c/o the Corporate Secretary of the Company at 7 World Trade Center at 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007 or sending an email to corporatesecretary@moodys.com.

The Board has instructed the Corporate Secretary to review correspondence directed to the Board of Directors and, at the Corporate Secretary’s discretion, to forward items that she deems to be appropriate for the Board’s consideration.

SUCCESSION PLANNING

The Board and the Compensation & Human Resources Committee review succession planning annually in conjunction with the Board’s review of strategic planning. The Board conducted extensive discussions regarding the CEO transition as well as succession planning and development of the senior leadership group. In addition, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board also reviewed the Company’s business continuity plans, which included emergency succession plans for key executives.

ANTI-HEDGING AND ANTI-PLEDGING POLICY; SHORT SALES AND OTHER SPECULATIVE TRADES

All executive officers, directors and their family members are subject to a securities trading policy under which they are prohibited from hedging and pledging Moody’s securities, including any publicly traded securities of a Moody’s subsidiary. The term “family member” is defined in the Company’s policy against insider trading and generally includes family members or entities that hold, purchase or sell Company stock that is attributed to the director or officer. Specifically, the following activities are prohibited under the policy:

Employees who are not executive officers (and their family members) are prohibited from: (i) making short sales of Moody’s securities; (ii) buying Moody’s securities on margin or in any account in which a financial firm lends cash to purchase the securities; and (iii) engaging in short-term or speculative transactions involving Moody’s securities, including buying or selling put or call options and entering into other derivative transactions involving Moody’s securities. The restrictions in clause (iii) do not prohibit the exercise of Moody’s stock options that employees receive in connection with their compensation.

RULE 10B5-1 TRADING PLANS

The Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and certain other officers of the Company enter into Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plans from time to time. These plans allow executives to adopt predetermined procedures for trading shares of Company stock in advance of learning any material non-public information. The use of these trading plans permits diversification, retirement and tax planning activities. The transactions under the plans are disclosed publicly through Form 4 filings with the SEC.

THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee represents and assists the Board of Directors in its oversight responsibilities relating to: the integrity of the Company’s financial statements and the financial information provided to the Company’s stockholders and others; the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; the Company’s internal controls; the Company’s policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, and the review of contingent liabilities and risks that might be material to the Company; and the audit process, including the qualifications and independence of the Company’s principal external auditors (the “Independent Auditors”), and the performance of the Independent Auditors and the Company’s internal audit function.

Oversight of Audit Processes

As part of the Audit Committee’s oversight of the audit process, the Audit Committee and its Chairman are directly involved in the selection of the lead engagement partner when there is a rotation required under applicable rules, and the Audit Committee reviews and concurs in the appointment and compensation of the head of the Company’s internal audit function (the “Chief Audit Executive”). The Committee also approves the fees and terms associated with the retention of the Independent Auditors to perform the annual engagement. In determining whether to approve services proposed to be provided by the Independent Auditors, the Committee is provided with summaries of the services, the fee associated with each service as well as information regarding incremental fees to be approved. The Committee also receives benchmarking data for audits of companies of similar sizes and audits of comparable complexity in order to determine the reasonableness of the proposed fees.

Responsibilities under the Audit Committee Charter

In fulfilling the responsibilities under its charter, the Audit Committee:

The Audit Committee also has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to engage its own outside advisors, including experts in particular areas of accounting, as it determines appropriate.

Ongoing Assessment of the Independent Auditors

The Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the Independent Auditors and, as such, the Independent Auditors report directly to the Audit Committee. KPMG LLP has served as the Company’s Independent Auditors since 2008, and was re-appointed at the conclusion of a competitive process that the Audit Committee conducted in 2019 to review the selection of the Company’s Independent Auditors. In selecting the Independent Auditors, the Committee considered the relative costs, benefits, challenges, potential impact, and overall advisability of selecting different Independent Auditors. In addition, the Audit Committee conducts an annual performance assessment of the Independent Auditors, seeking performance feedback from all the members of the Committee as well as from officers with audit-related responsibilities. The factors the Audit Committee considered in conducting this assessment included: independence, objectivity and integrity; quality of services and the ability to meet performance delivery dates; responsiveness and ability to adapt; proactivity in identification of opportunities and risks; performance of the lead engagement partners as well as other team members; technical expertise; understanding of the Company’s business and industry; effectiveness of their communication; sufficiency of resources; fee levels in light of the services rendered; and management feedback.

Policy on Pre-Approval of Independent Auditors Fees

The Audit Committee has established a policy setting forth the requirements for the pre-approval of audit and permissible non-audit services to be provided by the Independent Auditors. Under the policy, the Audit Committee pre-approves the annual audit engagement terms and fees, as well as any other audit services and specified categories of non-audit services, subject to certain pre-approved fee levels. Any fee overruns in excess of the established thresholds are presented to the Audit Committee for approval. In addition, pursuant to the policy, the Audit Committee authorized its Chairman to pre-approve other audit and permissible non-audit services in 2020 up to $250,000 per engagement and a maximum of $500,000 per year. The policy requires that the Audit Committee Chairman report any pre-approval decisions to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Audit Committee or its Chairman pre-approved all of the services provided by the Independent Auditors, which are described on page 32. The Audit Committee also is responsible for overseeing the audit fee negotiation associated with the retention of the Independent Auditors to perform the annual audit engagement.

Notable Actions in 2020

During 2020, the Audit Committee continued to review and oversee the expansion of voluntary sustainability disclosures in the Company’s periodic filings with the SEC and certain other external reports that reflect recommendations from sustainability assessment organizations. Such disclosure included details regarding the Company’s human capital management provided in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The members of the Audit Committee are Ms Seidman (Chairman), Mr. Anderson, Mr. Bermudez, Ms Esperdy, Mr. Forlenza, Ms Hill, Dr. McKinnell and Mr. Van Saun, each of whom is independent under NYSE and SEC rules and the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. The Board of Directors has determined that each of Mr. Anderson, Mr. Bermudez, Ms Esperdy, Mr. Forlenza, Dr. McKinnell, Ms Seidman and Mr. Van Saun is an “audit committee financial expert” under the SEC’s rules. The Board has also determined that Mr. Howell is independent under the NYSE and SEC rules and the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles and qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The Audit Committee held nine meetings during 2020.

THE GOVERNANCE & NOMINATING COMMITTEE

The Governance & Nominating Committee identifies and evaluates possible candidates to serve on the Board and recommends the Company’s director nominees for approval by the Board and the Company’s stockholders. The Governance & Nominating Committee also considers and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning the size, structure, composition and functioning of the Board and its committees, oversees the evaluation of the Board, and develops and reviews the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles.

With respect to the evaluation of the Board, the Governance & Nominating Committee oversees a process for annually assessing the performance, contributions and the independence of incumbent directors in determining whether to recommend them for reelection to the Board. The Board, the Audit Committee, the Compensation & Human Resources Committee and the Governance & Nominating Committee, under that Committee’s oversight, each conduct an annual self-evaluation to assess its performance. The Chairman of the Board conducts annual interviews during which individual Board member evaluations are conducted.

In addition, the Governance & Nominating Committee oversees sustainability matters, including significant issues of corporate social and environmental responsibility, as they pertain to the Company’s business.

The members of the Governance & Nominating Committee are Mr. Forlenza (Chairman), Mr. Anderson, Mr. Bermudez, Ms Esperdy, Ms Hill, Dr. McKinnell, Ms Seidman and Mr. Van Saun, each of whom is independent under NYSE rules and under the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. The Board also determined that Mr. Howell is independent under NYSE rules and the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. The Governance & Nominating Committee met six times during 2020.

THE COMPENSATION & HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE

The Compensation & Human Resources Committee oversees the Company’s overall compensation structure, policies and programs, assesses whether the Company’s compensation structure establishes appropriate incentives for management and employees, and considers the results of the most recent vote on the Company’s advisory resolution approving executive compensation. The Committee also oversees the evaluation of senior management, including by reviewing and approving performance goals for the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers, and by evaluating their performance against approved goals, including goals relating to sustainability. The Committee oversees and makes the final decisions regarding compensation arrangements for the Chief Executive Officer and for certain other executive officers, including the named executive officers. The Chief Executive Officer makes recommendations to the Committee regarding the amount and form of executive compensation (except with respect to his compensation). In addition, the Chief Financial Officer presents at all regularly scheduled Committee meetings. For a description of this process, see the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” or “CD&A”), beginning on page 36.

The Committee administers and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to the Company’s incentive compensation and equity-based compensation plans that are subject to Board approval, including the Company’s key employees’ stock incentive plans. The Committee has authority, acting in a settlor capacity, to establish, amend and terminate the Company’s employee benefit plans, programs and practices, and to review reports from management regarding the funding, investments and other features of such plans, and the Committee delegates to management the responsibilities it has with respect to the Company’s employee benefit plans, programs and practices as the Committee

deems appropriate. As discussed below, the Committee annually reviews the form and amount of compensation of directors for service on the Board and its committees and recommends any changes to the Board.

The Committee is empowered to retain, at the Company’s expense, such consultants, counsel or other outside advisors as it determines appropriate to assist it in the performance of its functions. In 2020, the Committee retained the services of Meridian Compensation Partners LLC (“Meridian”), an independent compensation consulting company, to provide advice and information about executive and director compensation, including the competitiveness of pay levels, executive compensation design and governance issues, and market trends, as well as technical and compliance considerations. Meridian reports directly and solely to the Compensation & Human Resources Committee. Meridian exclusively provides executive and director compensation consulting services and does not provide any other services to the Company.

The Committee regularly reviews the current engagements and the objectivity and independence of the advice that Meridian provides to the Committee on executive and director compensation. The Committee considered the six specific independence factors adopted by the SEC and the NYSE under Dodd-Frank and other factors it deemed relevant, and the Committee found no conflicts of interest or other factors that would adversely affect Meridian’s independence.

During 2020, management continued to engage Aon Consulting (formerly called Aon Hewitt) as management’s compensation consultant. Aon Consulting worked with the Chief Human Resources Officer and her staff to develop market data regarding Moody’s executive compensation programs. The Committee takes into account that Aon Consulting provides executive compensation-related services to management when it evaluates the information and analyses provided by Aon Consulting.

The members of the Compensation & Human Resources Committee are Ms Hill (Chairman), Mr. Anderson, Mr. Bermudez, Ms Esperdy, Mr. Forlenza, Dr. McKinnell, Ms Seidman and Mr. Van Saun, each of whom is independent under NYSE rules and under the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. The Board also determined that Mr. Howell is independent under NYSE rules and the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles. The Compensation & Human Resources Committee met six times during 2020, which included one meeting in addition to the regularly scheduled Committee meetings.

RELATIONSHIP OF COMPENSATION PRACTICES TO RISK MANAGEMENT

When structuring its overall compensation practices for employees of the Company, consideration is given as to whether the structure creates incentives for risk-taking behavior and therefore affects the Company’s risk management practices. Attention is given to the elements and the mix of pay as well as seeing that employees’ compensation is aligned with stockholders’ value.

In order to assess whether the Company’s compensation practices and programs create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company, management established a compensation risk committee led by the Chief Human Resources Officer to assess the risk related to the Company’s compensation plans, practices and programs. As part of this annual review, the compensation risk committee assessed the following items: (i) the relative proportion of variable to fixed components of compensation, (ii) the mix of performance periods (short-term, medium-term and long-term), (iii) the mix of payment mechanisms (cash, options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance shares), (iv) the design of the incentive compensation programs, including the performance metrics used, linking the creation of value and earnings quality and sustainability, (v) the process of setting goals, degree of difficulty, spreads between thresholds, targets and maximum payouts, and ratios of payouts as a fraction of earnings, (vi) the maximum payout levels and caps, (vii) the clawback policy and other compensation-related governance policies, (viii) the retirement program design and (ix) the equity ownership and retention guidelines. These items were assessed in the context of the most significant risks currently facing the Company, to determine if the compensation plans, practices and programs incentivize employees to take undue risks. The committee then took into account controls and procedures that operate to monitor and mitigate against risk. The Chief Human Resources Officer presented the compensation risk committee’s conclusions to the Compensation & Human Resources Committee. These conclusions were also reviewed by the Compensation & Human Resources Committee’s independent compensation consultant, Meridian.

The Compensation & Human Resources Committee reviewed these conclusions through a risk assessment lens. As a result of these reviews, the Company does not believe that the Company’s compensation practices and programs create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company, nor does it believe that the practices and programs are designed to promote undue risk taking.