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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 22, 2021

File No. 000-            

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10

 

 

GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES

Pursuant to Section 12(b) or (g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

 

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

DELAWARE   82-3002349
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

300 Brannan Street, Suite 201

San Francisco, CA 94107

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(415) 968-1843

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Copies to:

Robert H. Rosenblum, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati P.C.

1700 K St NW

Washington, D.C. 20006

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (BITW) Shares

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Pages  

Explanatory Note

     ii  

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

     iii  

Summary of Risk Factors

     iv  

Item 1. Business

     1  

Item 1A. Risk Factors

     29  

Item 2. Financial Information

     61  

Item 3. Properties

     72  

Item 4. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

     73  

Item 5. Directors and Executive Officers

     74  

Item 6. Executive Compensation

     78  

Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transaction, and Director Independence

     79  

Item 8. Legal Proceedings

     82  

Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

     83  

Item 10. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

     84  

Item 11. Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered

     85  

Item 12. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

     88  

Item 13. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     89  

Item 14. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     90  

Item 15. Financial Statements and Exhibits

     91  

 

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

Bitwise Crypto 10 Index Fund (hereafter, the “Trust”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is filing this Registration Statement on Form 10 to register its common units of fractional undivided beneficial interest (“Shares”) pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

Once this Registration Statement is deemed effective, the Trust will be subject to the requirements of Regulation 13A under the Exchange Act, which will require it to file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and to comply with all other obligations of the Exchange Act applicable to issuers filing Registration Statements pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act.

 

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Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10 includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical information provided herein are forward-looking and may contain information about financial results, economic conditions, trends and known uncertainties. Some of these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” or “anticipates” or the negative thereof or other variations thereof or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy, plans, intentions or unrealized investment results.

These statements involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this registration statement, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain. Forward-looking statements in this registration statement include, but are not limited to, statements relating to the continued quotation of the Shares on the OTCQX; our expectations regarding regulatory developments affecting the Trust; our future financial performance; and the performance of the Bitwise Crypto 10 Index (the “Index”).

Such forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and are necessarily dependent on assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and may not be realized. The Trust cautions the reader that actual results could differ materially from those expected by the Trust depending on the outcome of certain factors, including without limitation, changes in the U.S. economy, changes in the regulation of cryptocurrencies, and other important factors described in this registration state under the Item 1.A Risk Factors. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Industry experts may disagree with such analyses, forecasts and targets, the estimations and assumptions used in preparing the analyses, forecasts and targets or the Trust’s view or understanding of current or future events. No assurance, representation or warranty is made by any person that any of such analyses, forecasts and targets will be achieved and no investor should rely on such analyses, forecasts and targets. None of the Trust’s or any of their affiliates or any of their respective directors, managers, officers, employees, partners, shareholders, advisors or agents makes any assurance, representation or warranty as to the accuracy of any of such analyses, forecasts and targets. Nothing contained in this document may be relied upon as a guarantee, promise, assurance or a representation as to the future. The Trust undertakes no obligation to release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, including without limitation, changes in the Trust’s business strategy or planned expenditures, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

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Summary of Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section of this form titled “Risk Factors.” These risks include the following:

 

   

investing in cryptocurrencies generally is speculative, and the Portfolio Crypto Assets of the Trust are subject to volatile price fluctuations which can negatively impact Shares of the Trust;

 

   

because the Portfolio Crypto Assets of the Trust are dependent, in part, on the continued market acceptance and development of crypto assets and blockchain technology by consumers, any declines or negative trends affecting crypto assets or blockchain technology will adversely affect the value of Shares of the Trust;

 

   

our relatively limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate the Index, which is relatively new, and the Index methodology, which is also relatively new, and may increase the risk that we will not be successful;

 

   

our business depends on the development and commercialization of the Index, which is a highly competitive industry, and the Trust may not be commercially successful;

 

   

any actual or perceived failure of the Portfolio Crypto Assets of the Trust to block malware or prevent failures or cyber security breaches or incidents could harm the reputation of the assets, and cause the assets to be perceived as insecure, exploitable, or unreliable, and otherwise negatively impact the value of the Shares of the Trusts;

 

   

our risk management efforts may not be effective to prevent fraudulent or malicious activities by third-party providers or other parties, which could expose us to material financial losses and liability and lead to theft or loss of the Portfolio Crypto Assets;

 

   

our holdings of Portfolio Crypto Assets expose us to potential risks, including exchange, security and liquidity risks, which could negatively affect the value of the Shares of the Trust;

 

   

the value of the Trust’s cryptocurrencies are dependent, directly or indirectly, on prices established by exchanges and other trading venues, which are new and, in most cases, largely unregulated;

 

   

there are uncertainties related to the regulatory regimes governing blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, digital assets, and new regulations, interpretations or policies may materially adversely affect the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares;

 

   

the blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets are recorded are dependent on the efforts of third parties acting in their capacity as the blockchain transaction miners or validators, and if these third parties fail to successfully perform these functions, the operation of the blockchains that record ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets could be compromised and lead to loss or loss of the value of the assets;

 

   

for a variety of factors, the long-term viability of cryptocurrencies is unknown, and this could negatively impact the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the commercial success of the Trust;

 

   

shareholders are expected to rely entirely on the Sponsor to conduct and manage the affairs of the Trust and will not be able to actively participate in management; and

 

   

the Trust is a passive investment vehicle and the Sponsor will not actively manage the cryptocurrencies held by the Trust, instead the Trust will hold investments that track the Index regardless of current or projected performance of the Index or of the actual Portfolio Crypto Assets held.

 

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Item 1. BUSINESS.

History of the Trust and the Shares

The Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (the “Trust”) is a Delaware Statutory Trust that issues common units of fractional undivided beneficial interest (“Shares”), which represent ownership in the Trust. The Trust was initially formed as a Delaware limited liability company on September 18, 2017 and commenced operations on November 22, 2017. The Trust has had several name changes since it was incorporated:

 

   

Bitwise HODL 10 Private Index Fund, LLC

 

   

Bitwise HOLD 10 Private Index Fund, LLC

 

   

Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC

On May 1, 2020, the Trust was converted to a Delaware statutory trust. The Trust’s current standing in Delaware is active. The Trust was formed by the filing of a Certificate of Trust with the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the “DSTA”) and the adoption of a Trust Agreement (the “Trust Agreement”). The Trust operates pursuant to the Trust Agreement

Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC is the Sponsor of the Trust (the “Sponsor”). The Sponsor maintains a corporate website, www.bitwiseinvestments.com, which contains general information about the Trust and the Sponsor. The reference to our website is an interactive textual reference only, and the information contained on our website shall not be deemed incorporated by reference herein.

The Trust issues Shares, which represent common units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in, and ownership of, the Trust, on a periodic basis to certain “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act. Shares purchased directly from the Trust are restricted securities that may not be resold except in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act and state securities laws and any such transaction must be approved in advance by the Sponsor. In determining whether to grant approval, the Sponsor will specifically look at whether the conditions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act and any other applicable laws have been met. Any attempt to sell Shares without the approval of the Sponsor in its sole discretion will be void ab initio. See “Description of Securities—Transfer Restrictions” for more information. The Shares are quoted on OTCQX under the ticker symbol “BITW.” Shares that have become unrestricted in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act may trade on OTCQX. See “Description of Securities—Transfer Restrictions” for more detail.

The Trust holds a portfolio (“Portfolio”) of cryptocurrencies (each, a “Portfolio Crypto Asset” and collectively, “Portfolio Crypto Assets”) as described more fully below in the section entitled “Business of the Trust”.

At this time, the Sponsor is not operating a redemption program for the Shares and therefore Shares are not redeemable by the Trust. Because the Trust does not currently operate a redemption program and because the Trust may from time to time halt creations, there can be no assurance that the value of the Shares will reflect the value of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share, and the Shares may trade at a substantial premium over, or a substantial discount to, the value of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share. The Shares may also trade at a substantial premium over, or a substantial discount to, the value of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share as a result of price volatility, trading volume and closings of the exchanges on which the Sponsor purchases Portfolio Crypto Assets on behalf of the Trust due to fraud, failure, security breaches or otherwise. As a result of the foregoing, the price of the Shares as quoted on OTCQX has varied significantly from the value of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share since the Shares were approved for quotation on December 9, 2020.

 

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Emerging Growth Company Status

The Trust is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Trust is an emerging growth company, unlike other public companies, it will not be required to, among other things:

 

   

provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; or

 

   

comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012, unless the SEC determines otherwise.

The Trust will cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest of (i) it having $1.0 billion or more in annual revenues, (ii) it becomes a “large accelerated filer,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, (iii) it issuing more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of its initial public offering.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies; however, the Trust is choosing to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, the Trust will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that the Trust’s decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

Business Development

The Trust has not been in, and is not in the process of, any bankruptcy, receivership or any similar proceeding since its inception.

Other than the conversion of the Trust from a Delaware limited liability company into a Delaware Statutory Trust, the Trust has not undergone any material reclassification, merger, consolidation, or purchase or sale of a significant amount of assets since its inception.

The Trust has not experienced any default of the terms of any note, loan, lease, or other indebtedness or financing arrangement requiring the Trust to make payments since its inception.

The Trust has not experienced any change of control since its inception.

The Trust has only one class of outstanding equity securities. The Trust has experienced increases of more than 10% of the Shares since inception of the Trust (date of inception). The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust that has no limit on the number of Shares that can be issued.

Other than the conversion of the Trust from a Delaware limited liability company into a Delaware Statutory Trust and the associated share split, there are no past or pending share splits, dividends, recapitalizations, mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, or reorganizations since the Trust’s inception.

There has not been any delisting of the Shares by any securities exchange or deletion from the OTC Bulletin Board.

On December 23, 2020, the Trust liquidated its position in XRP due to the SEC’s announcement, the day before, of a complaint filed against the company that created XRP, Ripple Labs Inc., alleging the continuing and on-going illegal offering of an unregistered security.

 

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Competitive Business Conditions

The digital asset industry is rapidly developing, and there are significant uncertainties with respect to the development, acceptance, and success of the digital networks underlying the Portfolio Crypto Assets. See Risk Factors—The further development and acceptance of the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of and transactions in cryptocurrencies, which represents a new and rapidly changing industry, is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate” for additional information. While the digital assets that are Portfolio Crypto Assets have enjoyed some acceptance and use in their limited history, it is possible that other crypto assets may grow more rapidly in acceptance and adoption for use as compared to Portfolio Crypto Assets, and while the Index may, over time, change to include more successful crypto assets, the Index may not capture the growth in value of more rapidly growing crypto assets.

Business of the Trust

The Sponsor expects the market price of the Shares to fluctuate over time in response to the market prices of Portfolio Crypto Assets. In addition, because the Shares reflect the estimated accrued but unpaid expenses of the Trust, the number of Portfolio Crypto Assets represented by a Share will gradually decrease over time as the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets are used to pay the Trust’s expenses.

The Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets are held by Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC (the “Custodian“) on behalf of the Trust. The Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets are transferred only in the following circumstances: (i) sales made in connection with monthly rebalancing in order to more closely track the Index, (ii) sales to pay expenses of the Trust and (iii) sales on behalf of the Trust in the event the Trust terminates and liquidates its assets or as otherwise required by law or regulation. Each delivery or sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets for purposes of rebalancing the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets to track the Index will be a taxable event for Shareholders. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Operations.” See “The Sponsor may experience loss or theft of its Portfolio Crypto Assets during the transfer of Portfolio Crypto Assets from the Custodian to the Sponsor or to Crypto Asset trading venues.” In addition, each sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets by the Trust to pay the expenses of the Trust will be a taxable event for Shareholders.

The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) and the Sponsor believes that the Trust is not required to register under the Investment Company Act. See “Risk Factors—Regulatory and Compliance Related Risks” and “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations” for additional information. In addition, the Trust will not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts or other derivative contracts regulated by the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), as administered by the Commodities Future Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). The Sponsor believes that the Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the CEA, and that neither the Sponsor nor the Trustee is subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading adviser in connection with the operation of the Trust.

The Trust has no fixed termination date. The Trust is a passive entity with no operations, and no employees. The Sponsor administers and manages the Trust as described below. The Trust has not at any time been a “shell company.” The Trust and the Sponsor have entered into a limited, non-exclusive, revocable license agreement with Bitwise Index Services, LLC (the “Index Provider”), an affiliate of the Trust that is controlled by the same parent entity as the Sponsor, at no cost to the Trust or the Sponsor allowing the Trust to use the Index for the purpose of using as the benchmark index for the Trust (the “License Agreement”).

Activities of the Trust

The Trust seeks to make it easier for an investor to invest in the cryptocurrency market as a whole, without having to pick specific tokens, manage a portfolio, and constantly monitor ongoing news and developments. Although the Shares will not be the exact equivalent of a direct investment in cryptocurrencies, they provide investors with an alternative that constitutes a relatively cost-effective, professionally managed way to participate in cryptocurrency markets.

 

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In furtherance of this objective, the activities of the Trust include: (i) issuing Shares in exchange for subscriptions, (ii) selling or buying Portfolio Crypto Assets in connection with monthly rebalancing, (iii) selling Portfolio Crypto Assets as necessary to cover the Management Fee (as defined below) and/or any Organizational Expenses (as defined below), (iv) causing the Sponsor to sell Portfolio Crypto Assets upon any potential future termination of the Trust, and (v) engaging in all administrative and security procedures necessary to accomplish such activities in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement, and the Custodian Agreement (as defined below). In addition, the Trust may engage in any lawful activity necessary or desirable in order to facilitate these activities, provided that such activities do not conflict with the terms of the Trust Agreement.

Statements, Filings, and Reports

The Trust will comply with all reporting obligations required of companies with a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act, including timely filing Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other customary filings. In particular, after the end of each fiscal year, the Sponsor will cause to be prepared for the Trust an annual report containing audited financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The annual report will be in such form and contain such information as will be required by applicable laws, rules and regulations and may contain such additional information that the Sponsor determines shall be included. The annual report will be filed with the SEC and distributed to such persons and in such manner, as shall be required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

Shareholders will receive annual audited financial statements for the Trust and any applicable tax reports (e.g., Schedules K-1) from the Sponsor. The Sponsor or the Administrator (as defined below) will issue Schedules K-1 directly to Shareholders that hold Shares or the custodian of such Shares, as applicable, for each taxable year or portion thereof.

The Trustee will make elections, file tax returns and prepare, disseminate and file tax reports, as advised by the Sponsor, the Trust’s counsel or accountants or as required by any applicable statute, rule or regulation.

Investment strategy

The Trust holds a Portfolio that generally tracks the Index. The Index is administered by Bitwise Index Services, LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor (the “Index Provider”). The Trust rebalances monthly alongside the Index to stay current with changes. The Sponsor strives to minimize tracking error (e.g., divergence between the performance of the Trust and the Index) by managing costs and price slippage during trade execution, and holding the assets in the Index. Upon the occurrence of Network Distributions like hard forks, airdrops, emissions, staking, or other one-off events, the Trust will follow the policies of the Index, as set forth in the notes of the Index committee meeting and as described below in “ —Index Methodology.”

When possible, the Sponsor also strives to generate additional return by capitalizing on airdrops and proof of stake opportunities for Shareholders of the Trust. Airdrops are a practice wherein an entity associated with a public blockchain offers free coins of that blockchain to owners of a different cryptocurrency, often in proportion to their holdings, as a means of motivating them to try the blockchain. Proof of Stake (different from the common Proof of Work algorithm) is a consensus protocol whereby individuals can lock up their coins to process transactions and in return earn rewards, often additional coins— a mechanism referred to as “staking.”

Index

We have described below certain aspects of the Index methodology. These and other components of the Index methodology are subject to change in the sole discretion of the Sponsor.

 

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Purpose of the Index

The purpose of the Index is to track a basket of cryptocurrencies that represents the majority of cryptocurrencies by market capitalization. At its inception on October 1, 2017, the cryptocurrencies in the Index represented about 83% of all cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, and now represent approximately 75% as of December 30, 2020. The Index is comprised of the top 10 coins selected and weighted by free-float-adjusted market capitalization. The Index is rebalanced monthly. Additional eligibility criteria are applied to screen coins for investment feasibility (as defined below), to ensure the integrity of the coins selected to comprise the Index, and to appropriately account for one-off events. As a result, the 10 coins in the Index may not always completely match the top 10 coins on popular websites like CoinMarketCap.com that do not include such screening.

Index Methodology

The Index, designed by the Index Provider, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is comprised of the top ten largest cryptocurrencies in the world based on free-float-adjusted market capitalizations calculated using data from publicly available, well-established and reputable cryptocurrency exchanges selected by the Sponsor and its affiliates in their sole discretion. Additional eligibility criteria developed by the Sponsor and its affiliates are also applied to screen for investment feasibility in selecting the top ten largest cryptocurrencies for the Index. The market capitalization of a cryptocurrency is calculated by multiplying its price times its free-float-adjusted or “circulating” supply. The proportion of each cryptocurrency in the Index is based on this adjusted market capitalization. Public exchanges used for calculating the Index are selected using criteria chosen by the Sponsor in its sole discretion, which may include factors such as trading volume, availability, regulatory compliance, security, and reliability of real-time price and trade volume information and absence of abnormal withdrawal restrictions of crypto and fiat currencies.

The Index is actively researched and evaluated and therefore the Index methodology, eligibility criteria, constituents and overall strategy may be adjusted over time. The Index is calculated by the Sponsor and its affiliates on a daily basis and published on the Sponsor’s website. Since the Trust’s investment strategy is to invest its assets to track the Index, a change in Index methodology or composition will not warrant a notice or consent requirement to Shareholders even if such changes in the Index are significant and material.

To screen, select and weight the top 10 coins, the Index uses a free-float-adjusted market capitalization which is calculated as follows:

(composite price) x (free-float-adjusted or circulating supply)

A coin’s composite price is derived from the real-time price data pulled from multiple exchanges. The individual exchange price data is combined using a trade volume weighting technique. The price on the exchange with more trade volume has more influence on the composite price while the exchange with the price that deviates more from the prices of the other exchanges has less influence on the composite price. This normalization produces a more accurate composited price which is then used in the market capitalization calculation.

In calculating the available supply of a coin, the Index looks at circulating supply. Circulating supply is the best approximation of the number of coins available on public markets. Circulating supply is derived by taking the total number of existing coins from the blockchain and subtracting the number of coins verifiably burned, locked, or reserved (for example, by a foundation.

The top 10 cryptocurrencies in the Index are selected and held in proportion to their valuation, often referred to as “market-capitalization weighted.”

The Index methodology is subject to change, though changes are expected to be infrequent and consistent with the Index’s goal of including the most valuable coins that cover the majority of the cryptocurrency market based on market capitalization, while meeting criteria relating to liquidity, access to markets, available pricing, available custody options, and other criteria included within the Index’s rules, which we collectively refer to as meeting an “investment feasibility” standard. See “Eligibility Requirements” for additional information.

 

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Eligibility Requirements

In order to be eligible for inclusion in the Index, a cryptocurrency must satisfy certain eligibility requirements. First, a cryptocurrency must have monthly trading volume that exceeds 10% of its circulating supply for the past 30 days. This is intended to ensure robust price discovery and liquidity. Second, a coin must be available for trading on multiple legitimate public exchanges. The purpose of this criteria is to ensure that the coin is widely available and has undergone vetting and approval by crypto asset trading venues. Third, coins must have free floating prices that are not pegged to another asset or fiat currency. Fourth, to be eligible, crypto assets must be supported by a third-party custodian regulated as a federally chartered bank or as a state trust company, providing that such custodian meets additional security practices, insurance requirements and business practice requirements. Fifth, coins must not be at undue risk of being deemed a security under U.S. federal securities laws in the opinion of the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee, given present knowable facts and circumstances. Finally, coins must have no known security vulnerabilities, including critical bugs, undue exposure to 51% attacks, or other factors, as determined by the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee.

One-Off Events

The Index has provisions for handling one-off events in a basket cryptocurrency or the cryptocurrency market generally, such as trade suspensions and hard forks. If new types of important one-off events become common, the Index may adopt additional policies to address them as determined in the sole discretion of the Sponsor. With regard to trade suspensions, if an exchange suspends the trading of a given coin for any reason, the Index may remove that individual exchange from consideration. In the event of delisting of such coin from all public exchanges, then the coin will be removed from the Index during the next rebalancing regardless of what the assumed market capitalization might have been. The Index Committee may convene ad hoc to consider appropriate actions should there be a sudden and extenuating event.

The Index views hard forks similarly to how company spinoffs are viewed in US equity markets. A hard fork is when a cryptocurrency is split because portions of the consensus nodes adopt different policies. In such an event, often a private key holder ends up with ownership on both chains. Often there is a primary chain that is adopted by the majority. When a hard fork occurs, the forked coin will be held in the Index until the next rebalancing. This embodies the idea that the value of the forked coin stems from that of the original coin. Thus, the Index will hold the two coins as if they were one until the next opportunity to treat them as separate. The new forked coin will then be removed from the Index upon the next rebalancing unless it meets all the eligibility requirements (except the requirement to have a three-month trade history) and has an inflation adjusted market capitalization of its own to warrant being included in the Index.

The Index also has provisions for other “Network Distribution” events, such as emissions, airdrops, and staking. The policies for these events are described above in “ —Index Methodology” and are maintained on an ongoing basis.

Bitwise Crypto Index Committee

The Bitwise Crypto Index Committee is composed of persons with relevant cryptocurrency and financial industry expertise who are selected by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. The Bitwise Crypto Index Committee oversees Index methodology and any changes to it. As of December 31, 2020, the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee was composed of Hunter Horsley, Matt Hougan and David Lavant. The Bitwise Crypto Index Committee generally convenes monthly, though it may also convene at other times as necessary in order to respond to any unusual or abnormal events in the cryptocurrency markets. The committee members owe no duty to the Trust and may make decisions or take actions with respect to the Index that may be adverse to the Trust.

The Bitwise Crypto Index Committee has no decision-making authority or control over the Trust. No member of the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee in his or her capacity as a committee member has a right to participate in the management of the Trust, to act for or bind the Trust, or to vote on Trust matters except as specifically provided under applicable law or in the Trust Agreement.

 

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The Index is evaluated and studied on an ongoing basis by the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee. Variables such as eligibility and liquidity are benchmarked against new market conditions and new data sources are considered for inclusion while old ones are considered for exclusion. Special meetings may be called ad hoc when unexpected market conditions arise such as hard forks, extreme price movements, serious issues in data availability or sudden events with severe impact on the cryptocurrency market.

Departures from the Index

Performance of the Trust may differ from the Index. For example, tracking errors may emerge as a result of trading fees, bank fees, and the management fee, which pays for custody, audit, administration, portfolio management, index use, and other necessary services. The Trust will attempt to pay expenses in the most tax and cost-efficient manner possible. As mentioned above, there may be opportunities for the Trust to generate returns in excess of the Index through airdrops and proof of stake which the Sponsor will endeavor to do where possible and prudent.

In addition, the Trust may differ from the Index in the coins it holds. Specifically, the Sponsor may cause the Trust to exclude a coin if (a) such coin is deemed by the Sponsor to be a security or the Sponsor reasonably determines may be considered such in accordance with the Bitwise Framework as described under “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations—Securities Act of 1933,” (b) such coin is fraudulent or otherwise at high risk to Shareholders or (c) as otherwise determined in the reasonable discretion of the Sponsor. The Sponsor in its sole discretion may create other exceptions where the Trust will not track the Index and such exceptions may not always be communicated in advance to Shareholders. In addition, the Trust may invest in other assets on a limited basis in the sole discretion of the Sponsor.

Additional Trust Investment Restrictions

The Sponsor does not currently intend to cause the Trust to incur leverage, employ derivatives, or enter into short sales. The Sponsor, however, retains the right to remove any of these investment restrictions at any time in its sole discretion. The Sponsor will notify the Shareholders in the Trust prior to modifying any of the investment restrictions described in this section.

Overview of the Digital Asset Industry

Digital or crypto assets are bearer assets whose ownership is secured by cryptographic protocols and incentives that operate on a network of computers. Crypto assets are intended to allow for storage and transfer without the need of a trusted intermediary and therefore they have the potential to challenge and disrupt many areas of the financial market, including traditional systems of value storage, value transfer, governance, and other important applications.

The first crypto asset, bitcoin, was initially proposed in 2008 and launched in 2009 by a pseudonymous software developer, or group of software developers, under the name “Satoshi Nakamoto.” In the ensuing years, the number of crypto assets has increased dramatically. Well-known crypto assets currently include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, and Litecoin. Many other crypto assets exist, and additional, new crypto assets are likely to emerge in the future.

Crypto assets are traded on trading venues around the world, as well as in over-the-counter and peer-to-peer markets. Crypto assets can be converted to fiat currencies or into other digital assets at rates determined by supply and demand on these markets. Derivative investment products, including futures, options, and swaps contracts, are also available that allow investors to build sophisticated investment and trading strategies focused around the most prominent crypto assets.

The number and diversity of market participants and companies operating in the crypto asset space has also increased dramatically over the past years. Currently, there is a wide range of companies that provide services related to crypto assets to retail investors. These include companies focused on providing trading venues,

 

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custody, investment funds, payment services, and others. More recently, companies focused on institutional investors, which have been increasingly more active in the space, have created or expanded their offerings. Products and services catered to the institutional market include institutional-grade custody and trading services, lending and collateral management, and prime brokerage.

The ownership of crypto assets is recorded in a digital ledger or database, called a blockchain. Blockchains differ from traditional databases in that they are designed not to be controlled by any single party, but rather, to be maintained by a distributed network of computers, each of which maintains and updates its own copy of the ledger. Each participant in this network is heavily incentivized to process transactions according to a set of predetermined rules and to keep its ledger consistent with the rest of the network over time.

The exact method with which each blockchain network processes and records transactions can, and usually does, vary from blockchain to blockchain. There are myriad architectural decisions participants either implicitly or explicitly agree upon when they join a certain network, which includes the level of decentralization, privacy, throughput, and other features a network can provide. These decisions usually involve trade-offs and therefore each blockchain network is typically optimized for specific capabilities, limitations, and target use cases.

As a nascent and fast-changing area, the crypto asset market carries significant risks and uncertainty. For instance, many crypto assets are still in the infrastructure buildout phase and have not found a dependable use case outside of speculation, and some may never find such a use case. In addition, the regulatory, trading, media, and political environments surrounding crypto assets are ever-changing and could evolve in ways that could harm the ecosystem. As an emerging technology, blockchain and crypto assets are not free from technical risks, which include hacking, denial of service or other types of cyberattacks. Additionally, governments, traditional financial services firms, or other actors could work to disrupt the functioning of blockchains or otherwise slow their growth.

Still, some consider crypto assets and blockchain technology among the most important breakthroughs in computer science in recent decades, and believe they may be used to address multiple large markets in the future.

Typical Stakeholders in Crypto Asset Networks

Designing a crypto asset network is similar to designing a digital economy, and the design of incentive systems that govern the relationship between different groups of stakeholders is sometimes referred to as crypto economics.

The following section provides an overview of the different groups of market participants which are present in most blockchain networks and constitute much of the crypto economic system.

 

  1.

Miners: Miners are stakeholders that help process transactions and ensure that the distributed ledgers that make up a blockchain network stay consistent with one another.

Miners are typically compensated for providing this service in large part by algorithmic grants of the crypto asset associated with the blockchain network they are “mining,” although they may be compensated with transaction fees or in other means as well.

There are multiple schemes miners can operate in to provide this service and receive this payment, but the two most important are proof-of-work (“PoW”) and proof-of-stake “(PoS”).

 

   

Proof-of-work is the first and most established scheme and involves computers solving complicated cryptographic puzzles that require a substantial amount of energy as a way of securing the network and processing transactions. The more computing power a miner dedicates to solving this puzzle the more likely it will be the first to solve the problem and collect the rewards of newly minted crypto assets and transaction fees. By piling up computing power over time, transactions become increasingly hard to reverse and eventually can be considered “settled.” Proof-of-work is the scheme used by Bitcoin, as well as many other assets. One criticism of

 

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proof-of-work systems is the high amount of energy they consume, which may have negative downstream environmental consequences, among other issues.

 

   

Proof-of-stake is a newer scheme that tries to avoid the heavy energy consumption that proof-of-work systems typically require. Proof-of-stake systems require miners to lock up and put at risk (aka, “stake”) a certain amount of the crypto asset associated with a given blockchain in order to process transactions. These staked assets are lost if a miner processes a transaction in a way that is fraudulent or violates the rules of the underlying blockchain. Newer blockchain networks like Tezos and Cardano use proof-of-stake and Ethereum is in the process of switching to this new scheme. Concerns with proof-of-stake systems include lower security assurances and potential for centralization of the network.

Users: Users are the stakeholders that hold or transfer digital assets, either by participating directly in the network or by delegating this work to third-party service providers.

Users will typically buy and sell crypto assets for fiat currencies through dedicated trading venues. In recent years, a robust ecosystem of trading systems has emerged that cater to these investors.

Once in possession of a digital asset, the interaction between users and the rest of the network can fall between two ends of a spectrum:

 

   

On one end, users can opt to be completely sovereign over their asset holdings and transactions. Such users would typically host a local copy of the entire ledger of transactions and validate every single transaction that takes place in the network by running the protocol software in their own machines. They would also own the private keys that guarantee ownership of their crypto assets and embrace the responsibility of keeping them safe. This group tends to be technically savvy and/or attribute high value to holding crypto assets independently.

 

   

On the other end, users can opt to delegate their participation in the network to third-party companies that provide specialized services. Examples of such users include individuals or institutions that delegate the responsibility of keeping their private keys safe to custodians or merchants that use payment processing companies to allow clients make payments in crypto assets. This group tends to use third-party services either due to prioritization of convenience or due to external requirements (regulations, for example).

Developers: Developers are stakeholders that build the protocols and software that both users and miners need to run in order to participate in the network. Developers are also generally split between two categories depending on the type of software they work in.

 

   

Protocol developers are involved directly in building the core software that defines how a network works. Most projects adopt the free and open-source software (FOOS) paradigm, which means that the software is free and openly shared so people can voluntarily contribute to its maintenance and improvement. Protocol developers can exert power over the network as they ultimately define which rules it will abide by, but as the software is open-source, users can opt to run any version of the software they see more fit. This keeps the developers’ power over the network in check. Protocol developers are usually highly specialized experts with deep knowledge not only of software development but also in cryptography, computer networking or other subfields of computer science.

 

   

Application developers use the software built by protocol developers to build applications that will ultimately reach end-users. Such projects might or might not be open-source software. Examples of such projects would be digital wallets, which are designed to allow users to hold crypto assets without the complexity of interacting with the underlying protocol.

Overview of the Index

The Index is designed to track the performance of the ten largest crypto assets, as selected and weighted by free-float market capitalization. These assets collectively account for more than 75% of the total market capitalization of the crypto asset market.

 

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The Index uses a variety of rules to screen out assets that the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee – the governing body for the index – believes represent undesirable or uncompensated risks in the market. These rules require that crypto assets included in the Index are available for custody at a third-party custodian regulated as a federally chartered bank or as a state trust company, and subject to additional screens for security practices, insurance requirements and business practice requirements as determined by the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee; maintain a certain level of liquidity; are listed on multiple established crypto asset trading venues; and more. An additional rule excludes assets that are tethered or pegged to the price of other crypto assets.

The Index is reconstituted on a monthly basis at 4pm Eastern Time on the last “business day” of each month. The Index considers a “business day” to be any day that the New York Stock Exchange is scheduled to be open for trading. The Index’s rules are designed and maintained specifically for the crypto asset market. For instance, the index’s rules are designed to capture the value of significant “hard forks” of constituent assets, should they occur. A “hard fork” occurs when there is a change in the set of rules governing a blockchain that makes it more restrictive than the previous set of rules in place (conversely, a change that makes the set of rules less restrictive is called a “soft fork”). Forks might lead to a split in the network, which would lead to two groups of network participants running different versions of the blockchain software. The result is two separate blockchains and two separate and not interchangeable assets. When a fork occurs, the holder of the original crypto asset typically ends up with a pro-rata share of the new asset after some period of time. The Index rules govern how the newly forked asset is handled, including whether the asset is retained, liquidated or (if it is of de minimis market value) ignored by the Index.

Overview of Index Constituents

As of December, 31, 2020, the constituents in the Index and their weights were as follows:

 

Bitcoin:

   82.2%

Ether:

   12.9%

Litecoin:

   1.2%

Bitcoin Cash:

   1.0%

Cardano:

   0.9%

Chainlink:

   0.7%

Stellar Lumens:

   0.4%

EOS:

   0.4%

Tezos:

   0.2%

Cosmos

   0.2%

The following is an overview of each Index constituent listed above:

Bitcoin (BTC)

Bitcoin is the first and remains today the largest crypto asset in the world. It is commonly referred to by its ticker symbol BTC.

Bitcoin was invented in 2008 by a pseudonymous software developer, or a group of software developers, under the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Nakamoto published a white paper titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” on October 31, 2008, which provided the technical outline for launching the Bitcoin network. The network went live on January 3, 2009, when Nakamoto mined the first block of transactions, known as “Genesis Block”.

The software underlying the Bitcoin blockchain determines a number of key and independent parameters. At the heart of the system lies the algorithm that enforces that all ledgers converge over time (commonly known as the “Consensus Algorithm”). Other important portions of the system include the rules that deem a transaction valid, a programming language that allows for different types of transactions to be executed, and the process through which new Bitcoins are minted (commonly known as “mining”), and others.

 

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One important property of Bitcoin is that the network strictly enforces the total amount of units issued to converge towards 21 million by the year 2140 through a predetermined schedule. The total number of Bitcoin created as of December 31, 2020, was approximately 18.6 million. It is believed that some portion of the Bitcoin created to-date is irretrievable because the private keys that would allow users to access that Bitcoin have been lost, although the exact amount that has been lost is unknown.

New Bitcoin are created when miners process blocks of transactions. In the Bitcoin network, this occurs roughly every ten minutes. The blockchain periodically adjusts the difficulty of settling transactions to ensure that cadence remains approximately accurate.

The amount of new Bitcoin created each time a block of Bitcoin transactions is processed is predetermined by the software underlying the Bitcoin blockchain. Initially, the miner that settled a block of transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain received 50 Bitcoin. That reward was and is programmed to be cut in half roughly every four years; currently, miners receive 6.25 Bitcoin for each block of settled transactions.

Although there are a few interoperable versions of the Bitcoin software, most network participants run a version called “Bitcoin Core”, which is maintained by a group of independent developers. The Bitcoin core developers are able to propose changes to this version of the software that powers the network. However, as a decentralized network, any changes must be downloaded and accepted by the users of the network in order for these changes to be implemented. If not all users accept a proposed change, the network can be split, as detailed in the section entitled “Description of the Trust –One-Off Events.”

The Bitcoin network is known for being extremely decentralized, as it is maintained by a network of computers that, joined together, represents the largest supercomputer in the world. Some believe that this makes Bitcoin more secure and resistant to attacks compared to other blockchain networks. In addition, the ecosystem surrounding Bitcoin is more developed than it is for other blockchains. There are more established entities that custody Bitcoin, trade Bitcoin and accept Bitcoin as payment than any other blockchain at this time.

One of the key limitations of the Bitcoin network is the limited number of transactions that can be processed per second, a statistic commonly referred to as throughput. The trade-off between decentralization and scalability is present in any crypto asset network, and Bitcoin is optimized for the former. There are, however, a number of efforts in relatively advanced stages underway to expand the network’s throughput, including efforts to build networks that can be layered over Bitcoin.

Other concerns and limitations raised by market participants about Bitcoin include worries that its proof-of-work scheme consumes a large amount of electricity, which could entail significant economic and environmental costs, and that Bitcoin could be used for criminal activity due to its pseudonymous nature.

Ether (ETH)

Ether is the native token of Ethereum, the second largest blockchain network ranked by market capitalization as of December 30, 2020. Ethereum was described in a white paper in late 2013, and an online crowdsale to fund development took place between July and August 2014. The network went live in July 2015.

Ethereum was specifically designed to power smart contracts, which are computer programs intended to enforce the performance of a contract that parties can codify and agree upon with minimal or no need of trusted intermediaries. Cryptocurrency pioneer Nick Szabo, who coined the term smart contract in the early 1990s, mentioned a vending machine as a rudimentary example of a smart contract.

In order to achieve this functionality, the designers of Ethereum opted for a different set of trade-offs compared to Bitcoin.

 

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One important difference is that Ethereum’s script language, the programming language that developers use for creating blockchain applications, is significantly more flexible than Bitcoin’s. This allows the creation of programs that do general computation instead of only the relatively simple conditional payments that are possible with Bitcoin. As such, a whole ecosystem of different applications including asset issuance, decentralized financial applications, identity management, and others are able to and have been developed on top of the Ethereum network.

Ethereum currently supports the majority of the stablecoin (e.g., cryptocurrencies pegged to a fiat currency, typically the US Dollar) market capitalization and it also boasts the largest number of developers building applications on top of it. Ethereum also currently has partnerships with large enterprises such as Microsoft, which has integrations with Ethereum in its cloud service Azure, Ernst & Young, which built a package of tools that allow enterprises to safely build applications on Ethereum, and others. Ethereum is also the blockchain used as the base layer for many decentralized finance applications, which aim to replace traditional financial services with software-enabled processes, including lending, market making, insurance, and more.

Ether is the token necessary to power these applications.

Ethereum’s richer feature set compared to Bitcoin comes at a cost. First, the more permissive programming language makes the network inherently less secure because it can increase the odds that a catastrophic bug in one smart contract could affect the whole network. In late 2017, for instance, a prominent digital wallet provider called Parity identified a vulnerability that froze up more than $150 million in ether tokens. Second, as the Ethereum blockchain contains much more information compared to Bitcoin’s, its blockchain is larger in size, which requires more sophisticated hardware to participate in the network and makes it more centralized in certain aspects.

Another subjective but important difference between the Ethereum and Bitcoin ecosystems is that while the former is usually more driven towards innovation, the latter is more focused on stability and security. As such, events like hard forks are significantly more common in Ethereum than in Bitcoin. Some consider Ethereum’s stance an advantage, while others perceive it as a risk, especially as the project grows large and the cost of potential mistakes rises.

The differences between Bitcoin and Ethereum are likely to increase significantly over the next few years as Ethereum is scheduled to go through a series of major upgrades that will culminate in what is referred to as “Ethereum 2.0.” This undertaking aims at making the network more scalable, more private, and more efficient from an energy footprint standpoint.

Litecoin (LTC)

Litecoin was launched in October 2011. Derived from Bitcoin’s original code, the main modifications to the Litecoin blockchain were a shorter time between blocks, (2.5 minutes versus 10 minutes for bitcoin), a larger total supply of coins (84 million versus 21 million for bitcoin), and a different mining hashing algorithm (scrypt versus Bitcoin’s SHA-256), which was developed to discourage large-scale mining. In general, Litecoin was designed to facilitate small payments in a faster and cheaper fashion compared to Bitcoin.

As one of the first crypto assets developed after Bitcoin, Litecoin has strong brand recognition in the crypto community.

Some market participants raise concerns regarding the value capture of tokens solely focused on the payment use case, and have concerns about emerging competition in this space from central banks and large, established players.

Bitcoin Cash (BCH)

Bitcoin Cash is a fork from Bitcoin. Between 2015 and 2017, the developers who supported the Bitcoin network coalesced around two different views on how to make Bitcoin handle a higher number of transactions per second.

 

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This led to a contentious discussion that eventually culminated in the hard fork that generated Bitcoin Cash in August 2017. At the core of the dispute was an idea, embraced by the group of developers that ultimately forked to create Bitcoin Cash, that the best way to increase the throughput of the network was to increase the size of the blocks of transactions that were processed at one time so that they could fit more transactions.

In November 2018, Bitcoin Cash split again into two factions, again due to disagreements on which use cases to prioritize in the network. The majority group is the one currently associated with Bitcoin Cash (BCH), while the minority group is currently associated with Bitcoin SV (BSV), which currently is not a member of the Index.

Cardano (ADA)

Cardano is a smart contracts network created by Charles Hoskinson, a co-founder of Ethereum, in 2015. The project relies on a novel proof of stake consensus algorithm called Ouroboros, which Cardano’s developers claim to be the first that has been mathematically shown to be provably secure based on peer-reviewed academic research.

Cardano raised the equivalent of $62 million in Bitcoin through a token sale between September 2015 and January 2017 to launch the network.

The Cardano ecosystem has three main independent entities leading its development. IOHK is a technology company that provides technological development on the Cardano network; the Cardano Foundation is a Swiss-based non-profit focused on protecting and promoting Cardano; and Emurgo is a for-profit organization that provides solutions built on top of Cardano for developers, startups, enterprises, and governments.

Cardano has a comprehensive roadmap built around implementation through five stages. The second of these phases, dubbed Shelley, commenced in 2020 and is intended to increase the network’s decentralization, and therefore security, by allowing and encouraging users to delegate their assets and be rewarded for honest participation in the network. The third phase, dubbed Goguen, is anticipated to launch in 2021, and is intended to allow for greater interoperability with smart contracts and make it easier for developers to build decentralized applications (or dapps) on the Cardano blockchain.

Chainlink (LINK)

Chainlink is a network that connects smart contracts with real world data.

Blockchain networks are unaware of what happens outside of those networks, and therefore whenever a blockchain application needs to interact with external data, it needs a reliable data source to do so. These data sources are known in the industry as “oracles.” Relying on one oracle creates a single point of failure, and Chainlink aims to solve this issue by providing a decentralized network of multiple oracles that can evaluate the same data. The accuracy of this data can be important if this data is used to trigger activity on a smart contract or other blockchain application.

Chainlink provides price reference data feeds for decentralized finance (DeFi), and also allows users to create their own oracle networks. Larger enterprises can also use Chainlink to sell their data to smart contracts that need them to trigger a certain condition. Current use cases for Chainlink include stablecoins, decentralized lending and borrowing, and asset management.

A token sale which raised $32 million was undertaken in September 2017 to kickstart the development of Chainlink. Of note: Chainlink does not have its own blockchain, but rather is a network that runs on top of Ethereum and is incentivized by its own token. Chainlink is built on the ERC677 standard, a more modern version of the popular ERC20 standard, the most used standard to issue assets on Ethereum.

 

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Lumens (XLM)

Lumens are the native tokens of the Stellar network, a payment network which started as a fork from Ripple in 2014 but went on to develop its own code thereafter. Stellar was created in part by Jed McCaleb, a co-founder or Ripple and the founder of exchange Mt. Gox, which was sold in 2011 and later became the largest Bitcoin trading venue in the world, before filing for bankruptcy in 2014. Stellar also received a $3 million seed investment from the fintech giant Stripe.

The total supply of Lumens started at 100 billion tokens with a one percent increase per year over the first five years. In October 2019, the community voted to end the inflation mechanism. In November 2019, the overall supply was cut in half. As a result, the current supply is 50 billion lumens, and the project states that no more tokens will be created.

The nonprofit Stellar Development Foundation was created in collaboration with Patrick Collison, CEO of fintech giant Stripe, to support the ecosystem development of the Stellar network both on the technical and business sides. The Stellar Development Foundation controls more than half of the total supply of Lumens.

Stellar is focused on financial inclusion and the unbanked population and has support for smart contracts. Some market participants, however, have raised concerns regarding the value capture of tokens solely focused on the payment use case, and have concerns about emerging competition in this space from central banks and large, established players.

EOS (EOS)

EOS is the native token of the EOS.IO network, a blockchain whose software was designed and released as open-source code by the company Block.one in 2018.

EOS aims to differentiate itself from other smart contract platforms like Ethereum by being more scalable and faster while providing zero transaction fees through an energy efficient consensus mechanism called Delegated Proof of Stake, or DPoS. DPoS consensus mechanism achieves increased performance by reducing the number of network participants that make each decision. One concern regarding EOS is that all of the features that the network was able to introduce came at the expense of increased network centralization.

EOS relies on familiar development patterns and programming languages already used by non-blockchain applications in an effort to attract interest from mainstream software developers.

Tezos (XTZ)

Tezos is a smart contract development platform created initially in 2017 that has introduced a novel governance component which allows network participants to propose and vote on changes to its own rules. Through a mechanism called self-amendment, the Tezos network is able to upgrade itself without having to split the network into two different blockchains. These amendments to the network can optionally include payment to individuals who improve the protocol and can encourage more contribution from developers.

Tezos is the first major network that implemented a proof-of-stake consensus system, the same architecture that Ethereum is adopting over the next several years. Through this system, network stakeholders can stake their XTZ assets and be remunerated by honest participation in the network.

The use cases Tezos is targeting are similar to the Ethereum use cases, including token issuance and trust-minimized financial contracts. The developers of Tezos argue that the technical specifications of its programming language, called Michelson, can provide superior security for sensitive applications.

The Tezos Foundation, based in Switzerland, is focused on promoting the adoption of the Tezos technology through strategic partnerships, grants, and other capital deployment vehicles.

 

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One risk with networks that implement on-chain governance like Tezos is that votes are proportional to the amount staked. As such, the voting process can be skewed towards stakeholders that have more capital or more tokens, which in turn can lead to higher barriers of entry for those who want to challenge the consensus view but do not have the means to do so.

Another risk that Tezos could potentially face is that, as the network is relatively new and it has introduced mechanisms, it could be more prone to technical risks compared to the other more established networks like Bitcoin. In November 2019, a group of Harvard researchers found11 that Tezos could be vulnerable to a type of attack called “selfish mining.”

Cosmos (ATOM)

Cosmos is a blockchain development and interoperability platform, designed as a decentralized network of parallel blockchains that act independently, with each one being powered by potentially different consensus mechanisms.

Cosmos is an ecosystem of blockchains that are able to interact and interoperate amongst each other, rather than a single blockchain. The network exists to solve certain isolation and communication issues amongst and between different blockchains.

The goal of the Cosmos network is to create an “internet of blockchains” or a network of blockchains that can interact and communicate each other, while retaining the decentralized nature and features of decentralized protocols such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.

The ability to connect between protocols is enabled by a protocol named the “Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol” or “IBC.” The IBC uses blockchain engines to allow different chains to transfer value (for example, tokens or coins) or other data between each other.

At a high level, the interoperability is enabled through the use of tracking (or having each interoperable chain run a light-client of the other chain to stay up to date on ledger status) and bonding (or locking up of the tokens to be transferred) followed by validation, and then ultimately transfer.

The first blockchain hub in the Cosmos ecosystem is the Cosmos blockchain, which has a native token called the atom (ATOM). ATOMs enable network users to execute governance functions (voting), pay transaction fees, validate transactions, and delegate validation to other users. ATOMs are currently distributed to transaction validators and delegates as rewards, and there is no fixed supply on the total number of Atoms to be issued.

Overview of Changes to the Index Constituents since December 31, 2020

On January 29, 2021, the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee added two new components to the Index as follows:

Uniswap (UNI)

Uniswap is a software designed for exchanging ERC-20 tokens that runs on the Ethereum blockchain. The software attempts to facilitate a network of users through an automated liquidity, trading, and market making protocol. UNI is the protocol token of the software and is an ERC-20 token. UNI token-holders are responsible for governing the protocol.

Uniswap can be considered a type of “decentralized” exchange (or “DEX”), as there is no central facilitator of trade and trading rules. The protocol instead facilitates the trading of one token for another by platform users through “liquidity pools” defined by smart contracts. Uniswap does not have a central limit order book as with most traditional cryptocurrency trading platforms or other exchanges. Instead, the protocol produces a collection

 

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Selfish Behavior in the Tezos Proof-of-Stake Protocol, Michael Neuder, Rithvik Raio, Daniel J. Moroz, and David C. Parkes, April 2020.

 

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of “liquidity pools” and follows the model of what has come to be known as an Automated Market Maker (“AMM”) system.

Uniswap was designed to solve the lack of liquidity in decentralized exchanges through the creation of liquidity pools (one for each asset pair), with pricing set via a “constant product market maker model.” The idea is to create a method where buyers and sellers can exchange assets without the need for an intermediary to operate the platform.

Aave (AAVE)

Aave is a decentralized non-custodial liquidity market protocol where users can participate as depositors or borrowers. AAVE is an ERC-20 token that is the native token of the protocol.

On Aave, Users are able to lend, borrow, and earn interest, by depositing or borrowing tokens. Depositors provide liquidity to the market to earn a passive income, while borrowers are able to borrow in an over-collateralized (perpetually) or undercollateralized (one-block liquidity) fashion. Users lend or borrow any of a number of different cryptocurrencies using the protocol: borrows are required to post collateral (in the form of a cryptocurrency) and can only borrow an amount up to the value of such collateral.

Users who participate in the protocol using the native token, AAVE, benefit from certain advantages, including no fees on loans denominated in AAVE and discounted fees on AAVE posted as collateral for loans, and control over the operation of the protocol through governance rights.

The platform charges 2 types of fees. From borrowers, 0.00001% of the loan amount is collected on loan origination, from which 20% is used for a referral program and 80% is allocated in the protocol fund. From flash loans, 0.09% is collected from the loan amount, from which 70% is redirected as extra income for depositors on the protocol and 30% is split using the same 20%/80% model of the origination fee. There are also transaction fees for Ethereum blockchain usage, which depend on the network status and transaction complexity.

In October of 2020, control of the administrative keys to the protocol was distributed to AAVE token-holders.

Overview of Government Regulation

The Securities Act of 1933

The Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any U.S. state or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction, and, therefore, cannot be resold unless they are subsequently registered under the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws or unless an exemption from registration is available. It is not contemplated that registration of the offer of the Shares under the Securities Act will ever be effected. Shares in the Trust are sold by the Trust only to investors who, under U.S. securities laws, are “accredited investors.” As a result, we expect that (i) any Shares issued to investors in such offerings will be “restricted securities” under Rule 144, and (ii) the Shares issued to such an investor will be “unrestricted” under Rule 144 one year and a day subsequent to the date that the investor acquired the Shares. Shares held by affiliates and insiders will be subject to additional restrictions on resales, including restrictions on the number of Shares that may be resold within any three-month period.

In addition, certain regulatory consideration may exist under the Securities Act with respect to the Portfolio Crypto Assets. Bitwise has adopted a facts and circumstances-based policy for determining whether or not the digital assets considered for inclusion in the Index are securities, as the determination of an asset’s status as a security is a highly fact-specific determination. The Sponsor has developed a framework (the “Bitwise Framework”) for evaluating whether any particular Portfolio Crypto Asset or potential Portfolio Crypto Asset may be a security under the

 

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federal securities laws. Under the Bitwise Framework, the Sponsor evaluates each Portfolio Crypto Asset and potential Portfolio Crypto Asset as follows:

 

  1.

First, Bitwise considers the facts and circumstances relative to each Portfolio Crypto Asset and potential Portfolio Crypto Asset.

 

  2.

Second, Bitwise applies each prong of the Howey test when reviewing those unique facts and circumstances. Each of the prongs of Howey will result in a Yes/No or written discussion of the facts, depending on the level of complexity related to making the determination.

This application should generally result in clarity surrounding the current application of the Framework. However, if the application of Howey does not provide clarity based on the application of the tests as described in this Framework, Bitwise may also apply and consider each of the unique facts and circumstances questions related to each token as described in the remarks of William Hinman, the Director of the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance at the Yahoo Finance All Markets Summit: Crypto in June 2018.7

Because an “investment contract,” pursuant to the terms of Howey must satisfy all of the prongs of the test in order to be deemed to be an “investment contract,” once the application of the Bitwise Framework results in a negative result related to any one of the prongs, the further tests need not be applied.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Portfolio Crypto Assets are composed of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, EOS, Tezos, Stellar, Cardano, Uniswap and Aave. In reliance on the Bitwise Framework, we believe that the networks underlying these Portfolio Crypto Assets are so decentralized that they should not be determined to be securities under the federal or state securities laws, and we anticipate treating these assets as not securities based on our view that these assets are not “investment contracts” under the recent guidance provided by the SEC “Framework for ‘Investment Contract’ Analysis of Digital Assets,”8 and the application of the test under SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. (the “Howey test”) to digital assets For the same reason, we also anticipate treating these digital assets as not being “securities” under the laws of certain foreign jurisdictions.

In the event the Trust is invested in assets that are deemed securities, the Sponsor may also be subject to additional regulatory requirements, including under the Securities Act. See “Risk Factors—A determination that any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are a “security” may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares, and result in potentially extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to, or termination of, the Trust” and below for additional information. For example, typically, offerings of securities in the United States are required to register under the Securities Act with the SEC and, in compliance with state law, with applicable state regulators, and to the extent any Portfolio Crypto Asset was originally distributed in connection with an illegal securities offering, our Portfolio Crypto Assets may lose value. In addition, our plans to make purchases and sales of Portfolio Crypto Assets in connection with monthly rebalancing may be substantially constrained or prohibited with respect to transactions in any Portfolio Crypto Asset determined to be a security. We may need to find a suitable exemption from registration for these sales. As a result, the Trust may not be permitted to operate its business in the manner in which we currently operate our businesses.

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

As described above, we believe that none of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are “securities” under the federal or state securities laws. See “Risk Factors—A determination that any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are a “security” may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares, and result in potentially

 

7 

William Hinman, Director, SEC Div. of Corp. Fin., Remarks at the Yahoo Finance All Markets Summit: Crypto Digital Asset Transactions: When Howey Met Gary (Plastic) (June 14, 2018).

8 

Framework for “Investment Contract” Analysis of Digital Assets, SEC Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology (April 3, 2019), available at https://www.sec.gov/corpfin/framework-investment-contract-analysis-digital-assets.

 

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extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to, or termination of, the Trust” for additional information. As a result, the Trust does not currently contemplate investing in any cryptocurrencies that constitute securities under the U.S. securities laws.

In the event the Trust does invest in assets that are deemed securities, however, the Sponsor may also be subject to additional regulatory requirements, including under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). For example, the Trust may be required to make certain filings with the SEC in connection with any acquisition or beneficial ownership of more than 5% of any class of the equity securities of a company registered under the Exchange Act. Generally, these filings require disclosure of the identity and background of the purchaser, the source and amount of funds used to acquire the securities, the purpose of the transaction, the purchaser’s interest in the securities, and any contracts, arrangements or undertakings regarding the securities. In certain circumstances, the Trust may be required to aggregate its investment position in a given company with the beneficial ownership of that company’s securities by or on behalf of the Sponsor or its affiliates, which could require the Trust, together with such other parties, to make certain disclosure filings or otherwise restrict the Trust’s activities with respect to such securities.

Also, if the Trust becomes the beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of the equity securities of a company registered under the Exchange Act, the Trust may be subject to certain additional reporting requirements and to liability for short-swing profits under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

Investment Company Act of 1940

The Investment Company Act regulates certain companies that invest in, hold or trade securities. In general, a company with more than 40% of the value of its non-cash assets held in investment securities is an “investment company.” We believe that the Trust will not be subject to the provisions of the Investment Company Act since it does not intend to invest in assets that constitute securities under the U.S. securities laws. Accordingly, Shareholders are not afforded the protections of the Investment Company Act. See “Risk Factors—A determination that any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are a “security” may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares, and result in potentially extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to, or termination of, the Trust” for additional information.

In the event the Trust does invest in assets that are deemed securities, however, the Trust may be subject to additional regulatory requirements, including under the Investment Company Act. For example, the Trust may be required to register as an investment company. Registered investment companies are subject to extensive, restrictive and potentially adverse regulations relating to, among other things, operating methods, leverage, management, capital structure, dividends and transactions with affiliates. Registered investment companies may not be permitted to operate their business in the manner in which we operate our businesses, nor are registered investment companies permitted to have many of the relationships that we have with our affiliated companies.

Investment Advisers Act of 1940

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) regulates persons who for compensation are engaged in the business of providing advice, making recommendations, issuing reports, or furnishing analyses on securities, either directly or through publications, to others. We believe that, because the assets of the Trust do not constitute securities under the U.S. securities laws, the Sponsor is not subject to investment adviser regulation under the Advisers Act. See “Risk Factors—A determination that any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are a “security” may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares, and result in potentially extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to, or termination of, the Trust” for additional information.

In the event the Trust does invest in assets that are deemed securities, however, the Trust may be subject to additional regulatory requirements, including under the Advisers Act. For example, Bitwise may be required to

 

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register as an investment adviser. Registered investment advisers are subject to extensive, restrictive and potentially adverse regulations relating to, among other things, operating methods, disclosure, advertising, and fees. Registered investment advisers may not be permitted to operate their business in the manner in which Bitwise operates its businesses. However, Bitwise seeks to operate in a manner that would be expected of an investment adviser, including the administration of a rigorous internal compliance policy.

Anti-Money Laundering Requirements

In order to comply with applicable anti-money laundering requirements, each investor must represent, among other things, in its Subscription Agreement with the Trust, that neither the investor, nor any person having a direct or indirect beneficial interest in the Shares being acquired by the investor, appears on the Specifically Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List of the Office of Foreign Assets Control in the United States Department of the Treasury or in Annex I to United States Executive Order 132224—Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism, and that the investor does not know or have any reason to suspect that (i) the monies used to fund the investor’s investment in the Trust have been or will be derived from or related to any illegal activities or (ii) the proceeds from the investor’s investment in the Trust will be used to finance any illegal activities. Each investor must also agree to provide any information to the Trust and its agents as the Trust may require in order to determine the investor’s and any of its beneficial owners’ identity and source and use of funds and to comply with any anti-money laundering laws and regulations applicable to the Trust.

The Trust may decline to accept a subscription on the basis of the information that is provided or if certain information is not provided. The Sponsor may be required to provide this information, or report the failure to comply with requests for such information, to appropriate governmental authorities, in certain circumstances without notifying the Shareholders that the information has been provided. Each of the Sponsor and the Trust will take such steps as it determines in its sole discretion are necessary to comply with applicable law, regulations, orders, directives or special measures. These steps may include prohibiting a Shareholder from making further contributions of capital to the Trust, depositing distributions or other funds or assets to which a Shareholder would otherwise be entitled to in an escrow account or causing the exclusion of a Shareholder from the Trust. The Trust will not admit an investor without obtaining all know-your-client information that the Trust determines is required. By subscribing for the Shares, investors consent to the disclosure by the Trust and the Sponsor of any information about them to regulators and others upon request in connection with money laundering and similar matters in relevant jurisdictions.

Commodity Exchange Act

The Trust will not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts or other derivative contracts regulated by the CEA, as administered by the CFTC. The Sponsor believes that the Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the CEA, and that neither the Sponsor nor the Trustee is subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading adviser in connection with the operation of the Trust.

Foreign Considerations

Our primary place of business and market of operation is the United States. We may, however, also be subject to a variety of foreign laws and regulations that involve matters central to our business. These could include, for example, regulations related to privacy, blockchain technology, data protection, and intellectual property, among others. In certain cases, foreign laws may be more restrictive than those in the United States. Although we believe we are operating in compliance with the laws of jurisdictions in which we operate, foreign laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate. As a result, cryptocurrency networks, blockchain technologies, and coin and token offerings such as those we are involved in face an uncertain regulatory landscape in many foreign jurisdictions,

 

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including but not limited to the European Union, China and Russia. Other foreign jurisdictions may also, in the near future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Regulation.

Please refer to “Risk Factors – Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of the Trust and the Shares” for additional discussion of the effect of existing or probable governmental regulations on the Trust’s operations.

Tax Review of the Trust

Introduction

The tax aspects of an investment in the Trust are complicated. Nothing in this Registration Statement is or should be construed as legal or tax advice to any prospective investor. It is recommended that prior to any decision to invest in the Trust, each investor consult with professional advisors familiar with the tax laws and regulations applicable to investment in a trust that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Trust is not intended and should not be expected to provide any tax shelter.

The following discussion summarizes certain, although not all, U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to an investment in the Trust. This summary provides only a general discussion and does not represent a complete analysis of all income tax consequences of an investment in the Trust, many of which may depend on individual circumstances, such as the residence or domicile of a Shareholder. It is based on the Code, the Treasury regulations thereunder (“Regulations”) and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all as of the date of this Registration Statement. No assurance can be given that future legislation, Regulations, administrative pronouncements and/or court decisions will not significantly change applicable law and materially affect the conclusions expressed in this Registration Statement. Any such change, even though made after a Shareholder has invested in the Trust, could be applied retroactively. Moreover, the effects of any state, local or foreign tax law, or of federal tax law other than income tax law, are not addressed in these discussions and, therefore, must be evaluated independently by each prospective investor. In addition, prospective investors should discuss the impact, if any, of recently enacted U.S. tax legislation on their individual tax circumstances with their own tax advisors.

Except to the extent set forth below under the heading “– U.S. Taxation of Non-U.S. Persons,” this discussion does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to Non-U.S. Persons (as defined below). In addition, this summary assumes that the Trust’s Shareholders will generally be U.S. Persons (as defined below).

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Person” is a beneficial owner of Shares in the Trust that is (i) an individual who is a citizen of the United States or is treated as a resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust that (a) is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more U.S. Persons or (b) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. Person. A “Non-U.S. Person” is a beneficial owner of Shares in the Trust that is an individual, corporation, estate or trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is not a U.S. Person.

No ruling has been requested from the Service or any other federal, state or local agency with respect to the U.S. tax matters discussed below; nor has the Trust or the Sponsor asked counsel to render any legal opinions regarding any of the matters discussed below. This summary does not in any way either bind the Service or the courts or constitute an assurance that the income tax consequences discussed in this Annual Report will be accepted by the Service, any other federal, state or local agency or the courts.

Entity Classification and Partnership Taxation

Classification of the Trust. The Trust is a statutory trust organized under Delaware law and it is anticipated that at all relevant times it will have at least two Shareholders and thus, subject to the discussion below under “Publicly

 

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Traded Partnership Status,” will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is anticipated that the Trust will not be classified as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes because it will not hold a fixed pool of assets. As a partnership, the Trust generally will not be subject to federal income tax. Instead, each Shareholder will be required to report separately on its income tax return for each year its distributive share of the Trust’s items of income, gain, loss and deduction and will be taxed currently on that distributive share, regardless of whether the Shareholder has received or will receive a distribution of cash or other assets from the Trust.

If the Trust were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then (i) its taxable income would be subject to corporate income tax, (ii) distributions of that income, other than on certain redemptions, would be treated as dividend income by the Shareholders (to the extent of the Trust’s current or accumulated earnings and profits) and (iii) the Shareholders would not take into account their distributive shares of the Trust’s income, gains, losses and deductions. Accordingly, if the Trust were treated as a corporation for federal tax purposes, the total return to the Shareholders would be significantly reduced.

Publicly Traded Partnership Status. Under the Code, a “publicly traded partnership” generally is treated as a corporation. A partnership is a “publicly traded partnership” if interests therein (i) are traded on an established securities market (as defined under the applicable Regulations (“PTP Regulations”)) or (ii) are readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof) (“readily tradable”). Even if interests of a partnership are treated as readily tradable such that the partnership is classified as a publicly traded partnership, it would not be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes for any taxable year in which (i) it was not registered under the Investment Company Act and (ii) at least 90% of its gross income for that year (and each preceding year from the first year in which it was a publicly traded partnership) consisted of “qualifying income.” “Qualifying income” is defined to include interest (except interest “derived in the conduct of a financial business,” which exception, for example, does not include interest from commercial mortgages held as investments) and dividends and gain from the sale or disposition of a capital asset. Qualifying income also includes any income that would qualify for (i) a regulated investment company (mutual fund), and (ii) a real estate investment trust. Qualifying income generally does not, however, include compensation for the performance of services or income from other trade or business activities. The Trust will limit its gross income from “non-qualifying income” to no more than 10% of its gross income. Because the Trust will not be registered under the Investment Company Act and should satisfy the qualifying income requirement each year, even if the Trust were considered a publicly traded partnership, it should not be treated as a corporation for federal tax purposes. Thus, it is anticipated that the Trust will be taxed as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Trust will be classified as a partnership that is not an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation.

General Principles of Partnership Taxation. A partnership generally is not subject to federal income tax; however, a partnership must file a federal information return in which it reports its items of income, gain, loss and deduction for each taxable year. Each partner in a partnership includes its allocable share of the partnership’s items in determining its taxable income. Thus, each Shareholder must take into account its allocable share of the Trust’s partnership items. A Shareholder will be subject to tax on its distributive share of the Trust’s taxable income regardless of whether any distribution of cash or property is made to it.

Distributions. A distribution by a partnership to a partner generally is not taxable to the partner except to the extent the distribution consists of cash (and, in certain circumstances, marketable securities) and the amount distributed exceeds the partner’s adjusted basis of its Shares immediately before the distribution. See “Taxation of Operations – Basis” below. Ordinarily, any such excess will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the partner’s interest. The Trust may, but it is not required to, make distributions to its Shareholders.

Allocations of Income and Loss. A capital account will be established and maintained on the Trust’s books separately for each Share. These accounts will be maintained in accordance with Code Section 704(b) and Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv).

 

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A partner’s distributive share of a partnership’s items of income, gain, loss or deduction for federal income tax purposes generally is determined in accordance with the provisions of its partnership agreement. An allocation under a partnership agreement may be disregarded, however, if the allocation does not have “substantial economic effect.” An allocation to a partner that does not cause or increase a deficit balance in the partner’s capital account has economic effect if (i) the partners’ capital accounts are determined and maintained in accordance with the Regulations, (ii) distributions on liquidation of the partnership are to be made in accordance with the partners’ positive capital account balances and (iii) the partnership agreement includes certain protective allocation provisions. Subject to special rules regarding certain shifting or transitory allocations, the Regulations provide that the economic effect of an allocation will be substantial if there is a reasonable possibility that the allocation will substantially affect the dollar amount to be received by the partners, independent of tax consequences. It is believed that the Trust Agreement contains provisions designed to comply with the requirements of the Regulations so that allocations of taxable income and loss thereunder should have substantial economic effect.

Under the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor has the discretion to follow an industry accounting convention of specially allocating the Trust’s realized gains and losses, for federal income tax purposes, with respect to Shares that are redeemed or transferred to the extent the capital account balance associated with such Shares is more or less, respectively, than the tax basis for such Shares. There can be no assurance that the Service will accept any such special allocation. If the Service successfully challenged such an allocation, the Trust’s gains and losses allocable to the remaining Shares could change.

Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees. In general, our taxable income and losses will be determined on a weekly basis and will be subsequently apportioned among the Shares. As a result, a Shareholder transferring Shares may be allocated income, gain, loss and deduction realized after the date of transfer.

Although simplifying conventions are contemplated by the Code and most publicly traded partnerships use similar simplifying conventions, the use of this method may not be permitted under existing Regulations as there is no direct or indirect controlling authority on this issue. Regulations under Section 706 of the Code provide a safe harbor pursuant to which a publicly traded partnership may use a semi-monthly or monthly simplifying convention to allocate tax items among transferors and transferees, although such tax items must be prorated on a daily basis. The Regulations do not specifically authorize the use of the proration method we have adopted. If this method is not allowed under the Regulations, or only applies to transfers of less than all of a Shareholder’s interest in the Trust, our taxable income or losses might be reallocated among the Shareholders. We are authorized to revise our method of allocation between transferors and transferees to conform to a method permitted under existing or future Treasury Regulations.

Taxation of Operations

Gains and Losses from Cryptocurrency Transactions. The Trust expects to deal with its cryptocurrencies as a trader or investor (generally, a person that buys and sells property for its own account for purposes of investment) and not as a dealer (generally, a person that buys from and sells property to customers with a view to the gains from those transactions). Accordingly, except as discussed below, the Trust generally expects that gains and losses recognized on the sale of its cryptocurrencies will be capital gains and losses, which will be long-term or short-term depending, in general, on the length of time it held the cryptocurrencies and, in some cases, the nature of the transactions. Without limiting the foregoing, each delivery or sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets for purposes of rebalancing the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets to track the Index will be a taxable event for Shareholders. In addition, each sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets by the Trust to pay the Management Fee and/or any Organizational Expenses will be a taxable event for Shareholders.

Gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers from property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for favorable tax treatment. The maximum federal income tax rate applicable to a noncorporate taxpayer’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) recognized on the sale or

 

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exchange of capital assets held for more than one year is 20%. In addition, certain non-corporate taxpayers are subject to an increased rate of federal tax on some or all of their “net investment income,” which generally will include all or a portion of the income allocated to noncorporate Shareholders by the Trust, and any net gain recognized upon a disposition of Shares. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisor regarding the applicability of this federal tax in respect of an investment in the Trust.

Other Income. The Trust may realize ordinary income from interest and dividends on any securities held by it. The Trust also may realize ordinary income or loss with respect to certain of its other investments.

Treatment of Management Fees and Expenses. A partnership may deduct a trade or business expense that is ordinary, necessary and reasonable in amount. The Service could challenge any expense deducted by the Trust, including the Management Fee, on the ground that the expense is a capital expenditure, which must either be amortized over an extended period or indefinitely deferred. The Service could also challenge the treatment of the Trust’s expenses, including the Management Fee, on the grounds that the amount of the expense is unreasonable in relation to the value of the services performed, the goods acquired or the other benefits to the Trust.

The Trust pays out of its assets certain legal, accounting and other expenses of its organization. Expenses directly related to the Trust’s organization, such as the costs of preparing the Trust Agreement, may generally be capitalized and amortized over a period of 180 months for tax purposes. Those expenses, if any, related to the sale of Shares must be capitalized and cannot be amortized.

If the Trust were considered an investor rather than a trader in securities (an annual determination which is generally based on facts and circumstances), expenses incurred by the Trust, including the Management Fee, would generally constitute “miscellaneous itemized deductions.” A non-corporate taxpayer’s “miscellaneous itemized deductions,” which include certain investment expenses, are allowable only to the extent they exceed, in the aggregate, 2% of the non-corporate taxpayer’s adjusted gross income and are not allowed for purposes of the alternative minimum tax and are not allowed at all for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. In determining his, her or its miscellaneous itemized deductions, a non-corporate partner in a partnership, such as the Trust, must take into account his, her or its distributive share of the partnership’s deductions. The Sponsor will receive Management Fees. If the Management Fees and/or such other expenses are characterized as “miscellaneous itemized deductions,” each non-corporate Shareholder would be required to include his, her or its allocable share thereof in calculating deductible miscellaneous itemized deductions, if any.

The Code may also require a non-corporate taxpayer whose adjusted gross income exceeds a specified threshold amount which is adjusted annually for inflation to reduce the amount allowable for itemized deductions if available (including such amount of miscellaneous itemized deductions as remain deductible after applying the 2% “floor” described above) by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess of adjusted gross income over the threshold amount or (ii) 80% of the total amount of otherwise allowable deductions. When taken together with the limitations on miscellaneous itemized deductions, this limitation (sometimes referred to as the “overall limitation on itemized deductions”) could cause the amount of taxable income from Trust with respect to a Shareholder to be significantly higher than his, her or its share of the Trust’s net profits. Prospective non-corporate Shareholders thus should consider, in the context of their own personal circumstances, the extent to which these limitations may reduce or even eliminate the deductibility of the Trust’s expenses.

Basis. A Shareholder’s basis of its Shares is important in determining (i) the amount of gain or loss it will realize on the sale or other disposition of the Shares, (ii) the amount of non-taxable distributions (including any decrease in the Shareholder’s share of the Trust’s liabilities) that it may receive from the Trust and (iii) its ability to utilize its distributive share of any tax loss of the Trust. A Shareholder’s initial tax basis of its Shares will equal its cost for the Shares (which, to the extent that the Shareholder contributes property other than cash, will be limited to the Shareholder’s basis in the contributed property) plus its share of the Trust’s liabilities at the time of purchase. In general, a Shareholder’s “share” of those liabilities will equal the sum of (i) the entire amount of any otherwise nonrecourse liability of the Trust as to which the Shareholder or an affiliate is the creditor (a “partner

 

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nonrecourse liability”) and (ii) a share, based in part on profit-sharing ratios, of any nonrecourse liabilities of the Trust that are not partner nonrecourse liabilities as to any partner.

A Shareholder’s tax basis in each of its Shares will be equal to the Shareholder’s initial purchase price for such Share (i) increased by (a) such Share’s allocable share of the Trust’s taxable income and gain and (b) any amounts treated as additional contributions by the Shareholder to the Trust with respect to such Share and (ii) decreased (but not below zero) by (a) such Share’s allocable share of the Trust’s tax deductions and losses and (b) any distributions by the Trust to the Shareholder with respect to such Share. For this purpose, an increase in a share of the Trust’s liabilities allocated to a Share will be treated as a contribution by the Shareholder to the Trust with respect to such Share and a decrease in a share of the Trust’s liabilities allocated to a Share will be treated as a distribution by the Trust to the Shareholder with respect to such Share.

At Risk” Limitations. The “at risk” rules of Section 465 of the Code generally limit a taxpayer’s loss to the amount the taxpayer has at risk (i.e., the amount the taxpayer could actually lose from an activity). In the context of a partnership such as the Trust, the “at risk” rules, which apply to individuals, estates, S corporation shareholders and certain closely-held “C” corporations, can operate to limit the amount of losses that such persons can deduct from their participation in a partnership in much the same way that the rules discussed above under “Basis” limit a partner’s ability to deduct currently its distributive share of partnership losses to such partner’s adjusted basis in its partnership interest. In general, a partner’s “at risk” basis will be equal to the sum of (i) the amount of money and adjusted basis of property contributed by such partner to the activity and (ii) any amounts borrowed for use in the activity where the partner is personally liable for the repayment of the loan or has pledged property other than that used in the activity as security (but only to the extent of the net fair market value of the partner’s interest in the property). Such “at risk” basis will be further increased by a partner’s share of partnership income retained in the partnership but reduced by such items as cash distributed by the partnership to such partner, the commencement of a guarantee or similar device that eliminates the partner’s personal liability for borrowed amounts, and losses previously allocated to a partner. If and to the extent that a loss allocated to a partner exceeds the amount that such partner has “at risk,” such loss is not permanently disallowed but can be carried over indefinitely and deducted in a subsequent taxable year to the extent the partner’s “at risk” basis increases and is sufficient to absorb such loss in such later year. Rules requiring the recapture of previously deducted losses can be triggered when a taxpayer’s “at risk” basis in an activity falls below zero.

Limitation on Deductibility of Passive Activity Losses. Section 469 of the Code restricts individual, certain other non-corporate and certain closely-held corporate taxpayers from using trade or business losses incurred by partnerships and other businesses in which the taxpayer does not materially participate to offset income from other sources. Therefore, such losses cannot be used to offset salary or other earned income, active business income or “portfolio” income (i.e., dividends, interest, royalties and non-business capital gains) of the taxpayer. However, losses and credits suspended under Section 469 of the Code may be carried forward indefinitely and may be used in later years to offset income from passive activities. Moreover, a fully taxable disposition by a taxpayer of its entire interest in a passive activity will allow the deduction of any suspended losses attributable to that activity. These so-called “passive activity loss” limitations should not apply to limit the deductibility by Shareholders of their distributive share of any losses of the Trust because the activities of the Trust should be treated as giving rise only to “portfolio” income and deductions allocable to “portfolio” income. However, passive losses from other sources generally will not be deductible against a Shareholder’s share of portfolio income and gain from the Trust. Shareholders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding additional limitations on interest deductions contained in recently enacted tax legislation.

Alternative Minimum Tax. The extent, if any, to which the federal alternative minimum tax will be imposed on any Shareholder will depend on the Shareholder’s overall tax situation for the taxable year. Prospective investors should consult with their tax advisors regarding the alternative minimum tax consequences of an investment in the Trust.

Dissolution and Liquidation of the Trust. On dissolution of the Trust, its assets may be sold, which may result in the realization of taxable gain or loss to the Shareholders. Distributions of cash in complete liquidation of the

 

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Trust generally will cause recognition of gain or loss – which will be capital gain or loss to a Shareholder if it holds its Shares as capital assets – to the extent, if any, that the Shareholder’s adjusted basis of its Shares is less or greater than the amount of cash received. Any capital gain or loss will be treated as long-term if the Shares are held for more than one year.

If liquidating distributions consist wholly or partly of assets other than cash, the Trust will not recognize any gain or loss on the distributions and a Shareholder that receives such a distribution generally will not recognize any loss on the distribution and will have a basis in the non-cash assets equal to the adjusted basis of its Shares immediately before the liquidating distribution, reduced by the amount of cash the Shareholder receives in the distribution.

Redemption or Transfer of Shares

If a Shareholder’s Shares are redeemed or a Shareholder, with the Sponsor’s consent, sells or exchanges its Shares, the Shareholder will realize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized from the redemption, sale or exchange (including any reduction in its share of the Trust’s liabilities) and its adjusted basis of its Shares. That gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss (taxed as described above). In addition, as noted above under “Entity Classification and Partnership Taxation – Allocations of Income and Loss,” the Sponsor has the discretion to specially allocate the Trust’s realized gains and losses, for federal income tax purposes, with respect to Shares that are redeemed or transferred to the extent the capital account balance associated with such Shares is more or less, respectively, than the tax basis in such Shares.

Tax Elections and Returns

The Trust may make various elections for federal income tax purposes that could result in certain items of income, gain, loss and deduction being treated differently for tax and accounting purposes. Elections permitted under the Code that may affect the determination of the Trust’s income, the deductibility of expenses, accounting methods and the like must be made by the Trust and not by the Shareholders, and these elections will be binding in most cases on all Shareholders.

Section 754 of the Code permits a partnership to elect to adjust the basis of partnership property on the sale or exchange of an interest in the partnership or on a partner’s death and on certain distributions of cash or property by the partnership to a partner. These adjustments are mandatory if the aggregate bases of partnership assets exceed their fair market value by more than $250,000 at the time of the sale or exchange, or if a distribution of partnership property would result in a reduction in the basis of the partnership’s assets of more than $250,000 if a Section 754 election were in effect. If such a basis adjustment were made by the Trust, a transferee of Shares would be treated, for purposes of computing gain, as though it had acquired a direct interest in the Trust’s assets, and the Trust would be treated, on certain distributions to Shareholders, as though it had obtained a new cost basis of its assets. The Trust Agreement authorizes the Sponsor, in its discretion, to make a Section 754 election. If the Sponsor determines not to do so, and the Trust is not otherwise required to adjust the bases of its assets, a transferee of Shares may be subject to tax on a portion of the income from the disposition of Trust assets that, as to it, constitutes a return of capital if the purchase price of its Shares exceeds its share of the Trust’s adjusted basis of its investments.

The Trust will file an annual partnership information return with the Service reporting the results of its operations. After the end of each calendar year, the Trust or the Administrator will distribute to the Shareholders or custodians of Shares, as applicable, federal income tax information reasonably necessary to enable each Shareholder to report its distributive share of the Trust’s partnership items. Each Shareholder must treat partnership items reported on the Trust’s returns consistently on the Shareholder’s own returns, unless the Shareholder files a statement with the Service disclosing the inconsistency.

 

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Audits

The Trust, like all partnerships, is subject to a risk of audit by the Service. Prior to January 1, 2018, any adjustments made to the Trust’s information return pursuant to such an audit will require each Shareholder to file an amended federal income tax return for each year involved and might result in audits of and adjustments to the Shareholder’s returns relating to non-Trust-related as well as Trust-related items. In addition, the Trust and the Shareholders could incur substantial legal and accounting costs in contesting and litigating any Service challenge, regardless of the outcome.

The Code contains special provisions for audits of partnerships by the Service. Pursuant to these provisions, for tax periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the tax treatment of a partnership’s income and deductions generally will be determined at the partnership level in a single proceeding, rather than by individual audits of the partners, and no deficiency resulting from such an audit may be assessed against a partner until the correctness of any challenge by the Service to any of the partnership’s federal returns is determined at the administrative or judicial level.

Under the Trust Agreement, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Sponsor serves as the Trust’s “partnership representative.” The Trust will be subject to new partnership audit procedures that may result in partnership adjustments at the Trust level. The Sponsor may require that the Shareholders affected by such partnership adjustments file amended returns that take into account such partnership adjustments and pay any additional tax due or the Sponsor may elect to issue amended statements to the Shareholders and the Shareholders will be responsible for any increase in tax and associated penalties and interest.

The Trust’s partnership representative will have considerable authority to make decisions affecting the tax treatment of partnership items and procedural rights of the Shareholders. For example, the partnership representative will have the right on behalf of all Shareholders to extend the statute of limitations with respect to the Trust’s tax items and to select the forum for litigating any tax disputes, including a forum that might require the Shareholders to pay an assessed tax deficiency before the litigation is resolved. In certain circumstances, Shareholders may be bound by the outcome of final administrative adjustments agreed to by the partnership representative resulting from an audit by the Service of the Trust, as well as by the outcome of judicial review of disputed adjustments.

Tax Shelter Disclosure

Certain rules require taxpayers to disclose—on their federal income tax returns and, under certain circumstances, separately to the Office of Tax Shelter Analysis—their participation in “reportable transactions” and require “material advisors” to maintain investor lists with respect thereto. These rules apply to a broad range of transactions, including transactions that would not ordinarily be viewed as tax shelters, and to indirect participation in a reportable transaction (such as through a partnership). For example, reportable transactions include “loss transactions,” defined as any losses incurred by a taxpayer, either directly or through a partnership, that exceed certain thresholds.

An excise tax and additional disclosure requirements may apply to certain tax-exempt entities that are “parties” to certain types of reportable transactions (referred to as “prohibited tax shelter transactions”). A notice issued by the Service in February 2007 and confirmed by Regulations finalized in 2010 provides that a tax-exempt investor in a partnership will generally not be treated as a “party” to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, even if the partnership engages in such a transaction, if the tax-exempt investor does not facilitate the transaction by reason of its tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status. There can be no assurance, however, that the Service or Treasury Department will not provide guidance in the future, either generally or with respect to particular types of investors, that reaches a conclusion different than the conclusion in the notice.

Failure to comply with the disclosure requirements for reportable transactions or prohibited tax shelter transactions can result in the imposition of penalties. Prospective investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the effect of these rules on an investment in the Trust.

 

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U.S. Taxation of Non-U.S. Persons

In general, the tax treatment of a Non-U.S. Person will depend on whether the Trust is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business and whether the Trust earns effectively connected income (“ECI”).

To the extent the Trust is not engaged in a U.S. trade or business (or such income is not effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business), non-U.S. source dividends and interest paid to the Trust and, except as discussed below, gains from the sale or other disposition of securities by the Trust, that are allocable to a Non-U.S. Person generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. However, a non-resident individual present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of a sale generally will be subject to a 30% U.S. federal income tax (or applicable lower treaty rate) on any gain resulting from such sale if either (i) such individual’s tax home for U.S. federal income tax purposes is in the United States or (ii) the gain is attributable to an office or other fixed place of business maintained in the United States by such individual.

To the extent the Trust is not engaged in a U.S. trade or business (or such income is not effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business), U.S. source dividends paid to the Trust that are allocable to a Non-U.S. Person generally will be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate. U.S. source interest paid to the Trust that is allocable to a Non-U.S. Person will also be subject to 30% withholding unless such interest qualifies as portfolio interest. Portfolio interest generally includes (with certain exceptions) interest paid on registered obligations with respect to which the beneficial owner provides a statement that it is not a U.S. Person. The portfolio interest exemption is not available with respect to interest paid to a 10% shareholder of the issuer of the indebtedness and is subject to certain other limitations. A Non-U.S. Person who is resident for tax purposes in a country with respect to which the United States has an income tax treaty may be eligible for a reduced rate of withholding on such Person’s distributive share of U.S. source interest and dividends.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Trust were to acquire stock in a “U.S. real property holding corporation” and either (i) such stock was not regularly traded on an established securities market within the meaning of the Code or (ii) the stock was treated as owned by a holder of more than 5% (by value) of such stock, then gain on the sale of such stock would be treated as income effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business and would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax. A “U.S. real property holding corporation” is generally a corporation 50% or more of whose assets consist of U.S. real property interests within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code (“USRPIs”).

If the Trust were engaged in a U.S. trade or business or otherwise realizes ECI, it generally will be required to withhold and pay over to the U.S. tax authorities a percentage equal to the highest applicable U.S. tax rate of each Non-U.S. Person’s share of the Trust’s net ECI (thus, the Trust would be liable for taxes attributable to a Non-U.S. Person’s investment), and each Non-U.S. Person would be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay U.S. tax on its share of the Trust’s net ECI. In addition, all or a portion of the gain realized on the disposition (including by redemption) by a Non-U.S. Person of its Shares will be treated as ECI to the extent such gain is attributable to assets of the Trust that generate ECI, including for this purpose gain that is attributable to stock of a U.S. real property holding corporation, and may be subject to U.S. withholding tax under certain circumstances. ECI realized by a Non-U.S. Person generally will be subject to U.S. income tax on a net basis at graduated rates. A Non-U.S. Person that is a non-U.S. corporation that is (or is deemed to be) engaged in a trade or business also may be subject to an additional branch profits tax of 30% on its effectively connected earnings and profits (which generally will include any ECI realized with respect to its investment in the Trust), adjusted as provided by law (subject to reduction by any applicable tax treaty).

In addition, if the Trust were regarded as engaged in a U.S. trade or business for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Non-U.S. Persons would be viewed as being engaged in a trade or business in the United States and as maintaining an office or other fixed place of business in the United States. Certain other income of a Non-U.S. Person could thus be treated as ECI as a result of such Non-U.S. Person’s investment in the Trust. For example, a Non-U.S. Person who, pursuant to an applicable tax treaty, is currently not subject to tax with respect to a trade

 

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or business in the United States because such Non-U.S. Person does not have a permanent establishment in the United States could lose the benefits of the tax treaty as a result of its investment in the Trust.

Special rules may apply in the case of Non-U.S. Persons (i) that have an office or fixed place of business in the United States or (ii) that are former citizens of the United States, controlled foreign corporations as to the United States, foreign insurance companies that hold interests in the Trust in connection with their U.S. business, passive foreign investment companies, and corporations which accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax. Such persons are urged to consult their U.S. tax advisors before investing in the Trust.

Possible Legislative or Other Changes

The Code, with respect to all of the foregoing matters and other matters that may affect the Trust or the Shareholders, is constantly subject to change by Congress. Congress, in 2017, enacted a major overhaul of the Code. In recent years there have been significant changes in the Code, many of which are being reconsidered by Congress and interpretations of which are being considered by the Service and the courts. It is not possible at this time to predict whether or to what extent any changes in the Code or interpretations thereof will occur. Prospective investors should note that the Trust will not undertake to advise Shareholders of any legislative or other developments. Such Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding pending and proposed legislation or other changes.

State and Local Taxation

In addition to the federal income tax considerations summarized above, prospective investors should consider potential state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Trust. A Shareholder’s distributive share of the Trust’s taxable income or loss generally will be required to be included in determining the Shareholder’s taxable income for state and local tax purposes in the jurisdiction in which it is resident. However, state and local laws may differ from the federal income tax law with respect to the treatment of specific items of income, gain, loss and deduction from a partnership.

Prospective Investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to state and local income tax consequences of an investment in the Trust.

Other Jurisdictions

Interest, dividend and other income received by the Trust from sources outside the United States may give rise to withholding or other taxes imposed by other jurisdictions. The Trust may also be subject to taxes on net income in certain other jurisdictions with respect to its investments.

Electronic Delivery of Information and Reports

Each Shareholder of the Trust consents to the electronic delivery (including via email and through PDF file format) of information, including, without limitation, any information required to be delivered pursuant to applicable securities laws. In addition, each Shareholder will (i) consent to the electronic delivery of reports, including without limitation, any applicable tax reports (e.g., Schedules K-1), (ii) agree that such reports may be delivered by the Trust making them available for viewing, downloading and/or saving on the Internet website www.bitwiseinvestments.com under “under “Sign In”,” and (iii) agree to monitor that website on a regular basis in order to ensure timely receipt of such information.

 

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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Potential investors should be aware that an investment in the Trust involves a high degree of risk. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s investment objective will be achieved, or that Shareholders will receive a return of their capital. Shareholders may lose all of their investment in the Trust. In addition, there will be occasions when the Sponsor and its affiliates may encounter potential conflicts of interest in connection with the Trust. The following considerations should be carefully evaluated before making an investment in the Trust. However, the following does not purport to be a summary of all of the risks associated with an investment in the Trust. Rather, the following describes certain specific risks to which the Trust (and, therefore, Shareholders) is subject. Potential investors should carefully consider these risks and consult with their professional advisors, as they deem necessary.

Risks Related to Cryptocurrencies

The blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets are recorded and the Portfolio Crypto Assets themselves may be the target of malicious cyberattacks or may contain exploitable flaws in their underlying code, which may result in security breaches, the loss or theft of Portfolio Crypto Assets or the decline in value of Portfolio Crypto Assets.

The Portfolio Crypto Assets rely on blockchains for records of ownership. As a result, the Portfolio Crypto Assets are subject to a number of reliability and security risks attendant to blockchain and distributed ledger technology, including malicious attacks seeking to identify and exploit weaknesses in the software. Some of these known risks include:

 

   

“51% attacks,” which occur when an attacker controls a majority of computing power or digital assets necessary to validate transactions on a blockchain, giving the attacker a majority of the validation power on the network. Validators on blockchains who successfully obtain this validation powereither individually or as part of a “mining pool” or group of validatorsmay block other users’ transactions or make it appear as though they still have tokens that have been spent, which is known as a “double-spend attack,” or otherwise fabricate transactions. A 51% attack may also allow an attacker to use its monopoly over new blocks to “censor” other user transactions by actively preventing them from being written to the blockchain. Any such attack on the blockchains could result in the loss of Portfolio Crypto Assets or their valuation.

 

   

A “finney attack” occurs when an attacker mines a block but does not announce it to the network. In this case, a miner can double-spend tokens by sending them to another user in a legitimate transaction and then create a valid new block with a double-spend of those same tokens; for the attack to be successful, this block must be released so that it is added to the blockchain before the target user’s legitimate transaction. Once the block the attacker mines is accepted, the legitimate transaction will not be accepted and the honest user will not receive the tokens, thereby being out of a payment. Typically, developers and users who accept “quick transactions” (transactions that are accepted before the counterparty can confirm that the transaction has been written to the correct version of the blockchain) when accepting payment on the network are vulnerable to this type of attack. These attacks can be avoided by requiring that several additional network operations be written to the blockchain after any transaction before considering that transaction complete; bit developers may be incentivized not to do so to allow for quicker processing of network operations on their application.

Such attacks may materially and adversely affect blockchains recording the ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets, which may in turn materially and adversely affect the transfer or storage of Portfolio Crypto Assets. As a result of these and other risks of malicious attacks, there can be no assurances that the transfer or storage of Portfolio Crypto Assets will be uninterrupted or fully secure. Any such interruption or security failure may result in impermissible transfers of Portfolio Crypto Assets and/or loss of Portfolio Crypto Assets.

 

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The networks underlying the Portfolio Crypto Assets rely on software and programming that is complex, and if this software contains undetected errors, the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares could be adversely affected.

The networks underlying the Portfolio Crypto Assets rely on software that is highly complex. Any errors, bugs or defects discovered in the software on which these networks rely could result in harm to the reputations of these networks, loss of developers or users on those networks, and, in turn, loss in value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares. In the past, for example, flaws in the source code for digital assets have been exposed and exploited, including flaws that disabled some functionality for users, exposed users’ personal information and/or resulted in the theft of users’ digital assets. In addition, the cryptography underlying a digital asset held by the Trust could prove to be flawed or ineffective, or developments in mathematics and/or technology, including advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, could result in such cryptography becoming ineffective. In any of these circumstances, a malicious actor may be able to take the digital assets held by the Trust, which would adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

The Sponsor may experience loss or theft of its Portfolio Crypto Assets during the transfer of Portfolio Crypto Assets from the Custodian to the Sponsor or to Crypto Asset trading venues.

Under certain circumstances, the Sponsor may gain control of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets. These circumstances may include withdrawals of its Portfolio Crypto Assets by the Sponsor in order to send Portfolio Crypto Assets to certain trading counterparties or to approved crypto asset trading venues in order to make certain types of trades. The ability to gain temporary control of even a portion of the Portfolio Crypto Assets is restricted to limited number of authorized personnel of the Sponsor. The withdrawal process requires that one authorized person initiate a request for the withdrawal of Portfolio Crypto Assets from the Custodian and that a second authorized person approve the withdrawal before the Custodian will process the request. A video call with the both of the necessary authorized personnel of the Sponsor is then required for confirmation of the withdrawal before the Custodian will complete the withdrawal request. Once the Custodian processes the transaction, the Sponsor has the ability to send the withdrawn Portfolio Crypto Assets to the delivery address of trading counterparties or trading venues. During any such transfer, the Portfolio Crypto Assets may be vulnerable to security breaches, including hacking and other efforts to obtain the Portfolio Crypto Assets, as well as the risk that while Portfolio Crypto Assets are under the Sponsor’s control, an employee of the Sponsor could access and obtain the Portfolio Crypto Assets. Some of these attempts to obtain the Portfolio Crypto Assets may be successful, and the Sponsor may lose some or all of the transferred Portfolio Crypto Assets. In addition, Portfolio Crypto Assets transferred to trading venues (commonly referred to as exchanges) are subject to increased risk of loss or theft due to reliance on the security procedures of the trading venue (when the Portfolio Crypto Assets are no longer in the custody of the Custodian) and because the same withdrawal procedures required by the Custodian, which are designed to reduce the risk of error or theft, may not be required by trading venues.

The blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets are recorded are dependent on the efforts of third parties acting in their capacity as the blockchain transaction miners or validators, and if these third parties fail to successfully perform these functions, the operation of the blockchains that record ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets could be compromised.

Blockchain miners or validators maintain the record of ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets. If these entities suffer from cyberattacks or other security incidents (whether from hacking, which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses or other malware, other forms of malicious attacks, malfeasance or negligent acts of its personnel, or via other means, including phishing attacks and other forms of social engineering), of for financial or other reasons cease to perform these functions, the functioning of the blockchains on which the ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets is recorded and the valuation based may be jeopardized. Any such interruption could result in impermissible transfers of Portfolio Crypto Assets and/or loss of Portfolio Crypto Assets and/or their value.

 

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In addition, over the past several years, digital asset mining operations have evolved from individual users mining with computer processors, graphics processing units and first-generation application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) machines to “professionalized” mining operations using proprietary hardware or sophisticated machines. If the profit margins of digital asset mining operations are not sufficiently high, digital asset miners are more likely to immediately sell tokens earned by mining, resulting in an increase in liquid supply of that digital asset, which would generally tend to reduce that digital asset’s market price.

The technology underlying crypto asset and blockchain technology is subject to a number of known and unknown technological challenges and risks that may prevent wide adoption and use of the Portfolio Crypto Assets, which may negatively affect the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

The blockchain technology used in connection with Portfolio Crypto Assets, which is sometimes referred to as “distributed ledger technology,” is a relatively new, untested and evolving technology. It represents a novel combination of several concepts, including a publicly available database or ledger that represents the total ownership of the currency at any one time, novel methods of authenticating transactions using cryptography across distributed network nodes that permit decentralization by eliminating the need for a central clearing-house while guaranteeing that transactions are irreversible and consistent, differing methods of incentivizing this authentication by the use of blocks of new tokens issued as rewards for the validator of each new block or transaction fees paid by participants in a transaction to validators, and hard limits on the aggregate amount of currency that may be issued. As a result of the new and untested nature of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, the Portfolio Crypto Assets are vulnerable to risks and challenges, both foreseen and unforeseen. Examples of these risks and challenges include:

 

   

Scalability is a challenge for platforms working with large blockchains, because addition of records to a blockchain requires the network to achieve consensus through a transaction validation mechanism, which often involves redundant and extensive computation, processing of transactions is slower than that achieved by a central clearing-house, and delays and bottlenecks in the clearance of transactions may result as the cryptocurrency expands to a greater number of users.

 

   

To the extent incentive payments are used to incentivize the validation of a transaction or record to a block on the blockchains that record ownership of the Portfolio Crypto Assets, these fees may spike during times of high transaction volume. We believe that these rewards do not warrant validator registering as a broker-dealer, as discussed in the section of this Annual Report captioned “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations”; however, there is no guarantee that regulatory agencies will agree with our position.

 

   

Generally, blocks cannot be removed from a blockchain, but during the validation process for large blockchains, competing blockchains may arise with respect to the last few blocks on the blockchain. As a result, a block is often not considered to be irreversibly on the blockchain until several additional blocks have been added to it and occasionally blocks with a handful of confirmations can be dropped and modified.

 

   

Although blockchains are generally considered reliable, they are subject to certain attacks as described above under “Risk Factors—The blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets are recorded and the Portfolio Crypto Assets themselves may be the target of malicious cyberattacks or may contain exploitable flaws in their underlying code, which may result in security breaches, the loss or theft of Portfolio Crypto Assets or the decline in value of Portfolio Crypto Assets.

 

   

The software related to the blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets is recorded may either increase or decrease the incentive payments paid to miners or validators required to complete transactions, which could materially and adversely affect the transfer or storage of Portfolio Crypto Assets. In addition, changes could also reduce the number of miners or validators on the blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets is recorded—which could possibly leave these blockchains increasingly vulnerable to a 51% attack.

 

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Because the blockchains on which ownership of Portfolio Crypto Assets are recorded are public blockchains, malicious users may freely view and access and interact with key components of the these blockchains.

Although there may be solutions that have been proposed and implemented to these and other challenges facing various cryptocurrencies, the effectiveness of these solutions has not been proven. Further, other challenges may arise in the future that we cannot predict. For example, advances in cryptography and/or technical advances, such as the development of quantum computing, could present risks to the blockchains on which ownership of the Portfolio Crypto Assets is recorded and the Portfolio Crypto Assets by undermining or vitiating the cryptographic consensus mechanism that underpins the blockchain protocols. Similarly, legislatures and regulatory agencies could prohibit the use of current and/or future cryptographic protocols which could limit the utility and value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and, in turn, the Shares, resulting in a significant loss of value or the termination of Portfolio Crypto Assets. Accordingly, the further development and future viability of cryptocurrency in general or specific cryptocurrencies, such as the Portfolio Crypto Assets, is uncertain, and unknown challenges may prevent their wider adoption.

The technology underlying cryptocurrency and blockchain technology is subject to a number of industry-wide challenges and risks relating to consumer acceptance of blockchain technology. The slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of blockchain networks and blockchain assets would have an adverse material effect on the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

The growth of the blockchain industry in general, as well as the blockchain networks on which the Portfolio Crypto Assets will rely, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty regarding consumer adoption and long-term development. The factors affecting the further development of the cryptocurrency and crypto asset industry, as well as blockchain networks, include, without limitation:

 

   

worldwide growth in the adoption and use of digital assets and other blockchain technologies;

 

   

government and quasi-government regulation of digital assets and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of blockchain networks or similar systems;

 

   

the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of blockchain networks;

 

   

changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences;

 

   

the availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, or trading assets including new means of using government-backed currencies or existing networks;

 

   

the extent to which current interest in cryptocurrencies represents a speculative “bubble;”

 

   

general economic conditions in the United States and the world;

 

   

the regulatory environment relating to cryptocurrencies and blockchains; and

 

   

a decline in the popularity or acceptance of cryptocurrencies or other blockchain-based tokens.

The digital assets industries as a whole have been characterized by rapid changes and innovations and are constantly evolving. Although they have experienced significant growth in recent years, the slowing or stopping of the development, general acceptance and adoption and usage of blockchain networks and blockchain assets may negatively affect the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

In addition, the creation of digital assets as a medium of exchange is not the sole purpose of some digital networks on which Portfolio Crypto Assets are used. The Ethereum network, for example, is a digital decentralized ledger protocol that powers smart contracts. The differing focus of any such digital asset could affect its growth and acceptance by users, which may negatively affect its expansion and an investment in the Shares.

 

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The blockchain network on which ownership and transfer of Portfolio Crypto Assets are recorded utilizes code that is subject to change at any time. These changes may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

In addition to the aforementioned risks regarding development and acceptance of blockchain networks or the price of blockchain assets that may negatively affect the blockchain networks that record ownership of the Portfolio Crypto Assets, other changes such as upgrades to these blockchains, hard forks, or a change in how transactions are confirmed on these blockchains may have unintended, adverse effect. These changes may occur at any time and may cause problems with the blockchain networks that record the ownership of the Portfolio Crypto Assets. Any such changes could, as a result, negatively affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

Changes in the governance of a cryptocurrency blockchain network may not receive sufficient support from users and miners, which may negatively affect that blockchain network’s ability to grow and respond to challenges.

The governance of decentralized networks, such as the Bitcoin and Ethereum networks, is by voluntary consensus and open competition. As a result, there may be a lack of consensus or clarity on the governance of any particular decentralized cryptocurrency network, which may stymie such network’s utility and ability to grow and face challenges. The foregoing notwithstanding, the protocols for some decentralized cryptocurrency networks, such as the Bitcoin network, are informally managed by a group of core developers that propose amendments to the relevant network’s source code. Core developers’ roles evolve over time, largely based on self-determined participation. If a significant majority of users and miners adopt amendments to a decentralized network based on the proposals of such core developers, such network will be subject to new protocols that may adversely affect the value of the relevant digital asset. As a result of the foregoing, it may be difficult to find solutions or marshal sufficient effort to overcome any future problems, especially long-term problems, on cryptocurrency networks. This could, in turn, have a materially negative effect on the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

The long-term viability of cryptocurrencies is unknown, and this could negatively impact the value of cryptocurrencies.

Cryptocurrencies are a new and relatively untested product. There is considerable uncertainty about their long-term viability, which could be affected by a variety of factors, including many market-based factors such as economic growth, inflation, and others. In addition, the success of cryptocurrencies will depend on the long-term utility and economic viability of blockchain and other new technologies related to cryptocurrencies. Due in part to these uncertainties, the price of cryptocurrencies is volatile and cryptocurrencies may be hard to sell. The Trust and the Sponsor do not control any of these factors, and therefore may not be able to control the ability of any cryptocurrency to maintain its value.

The growth of this industry in general, and the use of cryptocurrencies in particular, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The factors affecting the further development of this industry, as well as the Trust, include:

 

   

continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of cryptocurrencies;

 

   

general economic conditions, as well as government and quasi-government regulation of cryptocurrencies and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of cryptocurrency trading systems;

 

   

changes in consumer demographics and public preferences;

 

   

the availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using government-issued currencies; and

 

   

negative consumer sentiment and perception of cryptocurrencies.

 

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Cryptocurrency networks face significant scaling challenges and efforts to increase the volume of transactions may not be successful.

Many cryptocurrency networks face significant scaling challenges due to the fact that public blockchains generally face a tradeoff regarding security and scalability. One means through which public blockchains achieve security is decentralization, meaning that no intermediary is responsible for securing and maintaining these systems. For example, a greater degree of decentralization generally means a given cryptocurrency network is less susceptible to manipulation or capture. In practice, this typically means that every single node on a given cryptocurrency network is responsible for securing the system by processing every transaction and maintaining a copy of the entire state of the network. As a result, a cryptocurrency network may be limited in the number of transactions it can process by the capabilities of each single fully participating node, and in an effort to increase the volume of transactions that can be processed on a given cryptocurrency network, many cryptocurrencies are being upgraded with various features to increase the speed and throughput of digital asset transactions.

As corresponding increases in throughput lag behind growth in the use of cryptocurrency networks, average fees and settlement times may increase considerably. For example, the number of transactions on the Bitcoin network has led to increased transaction fees. Increased fees and decreased settlement speeds could preclude certain uses for cryptocurrencies (e.g., micropayments), and could reduce demand for, and the price of, cryptocurrencies, which could adversely impact the value of the Shares.

Many developers are actively researching and testing scalability solutions for public blockchains that do not necessarily result in lower levels of security or decentralization. However, there is no guarantee that any of the mechanisms in place or being explored for increasing the scale of settlement of the Bitcoin Network transactions will be effective, or how long these mechanisms will take to become effective, which could adversely impact the value of the Shares.

Security threats could result in a loss of the Trust’s digital assets and adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

Security breaches, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have been a prevalent concern in the digital asset exchange markets. Any security breach caused by hacking, which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, and the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses, could harm the Trust’s operations or result in loss of the Trust’s digital assets. Any breach of the Sponsor’s infrastructure could result in damage to its reputation which could adversely affect an investment in the Trust. Furthermore, as the Trust’s assets grow, it may become a more appealing target for security threats such as hackers and malware.

The security system and operational infrastructure may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an employee of the Sponsor, or otherwise, and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to the Sponsor’s, private keys, data or bitcoins. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees of the Sponsor to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to the Sponsor’s infrastructure. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, or may be designed to remain dormant until a predetermined event and often are not recognized until launched against a target, the Sponsor may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of the Sponsor’s security system occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of the Sponsor’s security system could be harmed, which could adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

In the event of a security breach, the Sponsor or the Trust may be forced to cease operations, or suffer a reduction in assets, the occurrence of each of which could adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

 

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Cryptocurrencies are subject to volatile price fluctuations which can negatively impact investments in the Trust.

Prices of cryptocurrencies have fluctuated widely for a variety of reasons including uncertainties in government regulation and may continue to experience significant price fluctuations.

Several factors may affect the price of cryptocurrencies, including:

 

   

Total cryptocurrencies in existence;

 

   

Global cryptocurrency supply and demand;

 

   

Investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation of fiat currencies;

 

   

Currency exchange rates;

 

   

Interest rates;

 

   

Cryptocurrency market fragmentation and consolidation;

 

   

Fiat currency withdrawal and deposit policies of cryptocurrency exchanges and liquidity of such exchanges;

 

   

Interruptions in service from or failure of major cryptocurrency exchanges;

 

   

Cyber theft of cryptocurrencies from online cryptocurrency wallet providers, or news of such theft from such providers, or theft from individual cryptocurrency wallets;

 

   

Investment and trading activities of hedge funds and other large cryptocurrency investors;

 

   

Monetary policies of governments, trade restrictions, currency devaluations and revaluations;

 

   

Regulatory measures, if any, that restrict or facilitate the ability to buy, sell or hold cryptocurrencies or use cryptocurrencies as a form of payment;

 

   

Availability and popularity of businesses that provide cryptocurrency-related services;

 

   

Maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the cryptocurrency network;

 

   

Increased competition from other forms of cryptocurrency or payments services;

 

   

Global or regional political, economic or financial events and uncertainty;

 

   

Manipulative trading activity on cryptocurrency exchanges, which are largely unregulated;

 

   

The adoption of such cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange, store-of-value or other consumptive asset and the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the applicable cryptocurrency;

 

   

Forks in the applicable cryptocurrency network;

 

   

Consumer preferences and perceptions of such cryptocurrency specifically and cryptocurrencies generally;

 

   

An active derivative market for such cryptocurrency or for cryptocurrencies generally;

 

   

Fees associated with processing a transaction of such cryptocurrency and the speed at which such transactions are settled; and

 

   

Decreased confidence in cryptocurrency exchanges due to the unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations of cryptocurrency exchanges.

If cryptocurrency markets continue to be subject to sharp fluctuations, Shareholders may experience losses as the value of the Trust’s investments decline. Even if Shareholders are able to hold their Shares in the Trust for the

 

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long-term, their Shares may never generate a profit, since cryptocurrency markets have historically experienced extended periods of flat or declining prices, in addition to sharp fluctuations. In addition, Shareholders should be aware that there is no assurance that cryptocurrencies will maintain their long-term value in terms of future purchasing power.

If a Shareholder contributes to the Trust in cryptocurrency, the number of Shares the Shareholder ultimately receives will depend on the value of the cryptocurrency at the time of admission to the Trust. Shareholders are admitted periodically. There may be considerable differences in the value of a cryptocurrency from the time the cryptocurrency is contributed by a Shareholder to the Trust (or its agent) and the time the cryptocurrency is valued for purposes of determining the number of Shares received. For the avoidance of doubt, if the value of a cryptocurrency declines after a Shareholder contributes the cryptocurrency and before the cryptocurrency is valued, the number of Shares the Shareholder receives may decline, potentially significantly. All cryptocurrencies will be valued in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures at the time of the valuation. The functional currency of the Trust is U.S. dollars.

Transactions in cryptocurrencies may be irreversible even if they are fraudulent or accidental transactions.

Transactions in cryptocurrencies may be irreversible, and, accordingly, losses due to fraudulent or accidental transactions may not be recoverable. If there is an error and a transaction occurs with the wrong account, to the extent that the Trust is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third party or is incapable of identifying the third party which has received the cryptocurrencies through error or theft, the Trust will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred cryptocurrencies. To the extent that the Trust is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could result in the total loss of a Shareholder’s investment in the Trust.

The Shareholder is solely responsible for providing the Trust or its agent with accurate information with respect to its digital wallet and sending contributions to the correct digital wallet address. If a Shareholder’s contributions are sent to the wrong wallet address or are not delivered to the Trust, the Trust will have no liability to the Shareholder. If information provided by a Shareholder proves incorrect, and as a result, cryptocurrencies are not delivered to the Shareholder, the Trust will have no liability to the Shareholder for the Trust’s good faith reliance on such misinformation.

There exists to an extent shallow trade volume, extreme hoarding, low liquidity and high bankruptcy risk in the market for cryptocurrencies.

By some comparisons, the market for cryptocurrencies, by trade volume, is very shallow. Many coins may also be hoarded by a few owners. Ownership concentration can be high which creates greater market liquidity risk as large blocks of cryptocurrencies are difficult to sell in a timely and market efficient manner and well-connected customers can gain preferential treatment in order execution. The daily trade volume of cryptocurrencies is a fraction of total cryptocurrencies mined. The lack of a robust and regulated derivatives market for most cryptocurrencies means that market participants do not have a broad basket of tools at their disposal, making hedging difficult.

Cryptocurrencies can be subject to permanent loss due to unsecure local storage sites, malware and data loss.

Similar to fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies are susceptible to theft, loss and destruction. Destruction of the physical media storing private keys can result in a total and permanent loss of the cryptocurrency from the market. While traditional financial products have strong consumer protections, there is no intermediary that can limit consumer loss in connection with cryptocurrencies.

Certain cryptocurrencies may rely on a public or third-party blockchain and the success of such blockchain may have a direct impact on the success and value of cryptocurrencies held by the Trust.

Some cryptocurrencies are built on existing third-party blockchains and are partly dependent on the effectiveness and success of such blockchains, as well as the success of other blockchain and decentralized data storage

 

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systems that are being used by the issuer of the cryptocurrencies. There is no guarantee that any of these systems or their sponsors will continue to exist or be successful. This could lead to disruptions of the operations of the Trust and could negatively affect the Shares.

Cryptocurrencies held by the Trust may be negatively affected by technological advances that undermine the cryptographic consensus mechanism underpinning blockchain and distributed ledger protocols.

Advances in cryptography or technical advances such as the development of quantum computing could present risks to the viability of cryptocurrencies and the Trust by undermining or vitiating the cryptographic consensus mechanism that underpins blockchain and distributed ledger protocols. Similarly, legislatures and regulatory agencies could prohibit the use of current and/or future cryptographic protocols which could limit the use of cryptocurrencies, resulting in a significant loss of value of the Shares.

The value of cryptocurrencies may be subject to momentum pricing and therefore, an inaccurate valuation.

Momentum pricing typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the investing public, accounts for anticipated future appreciation in value. The price of a cryptocurrency is determined primarily using data from various currency exchanges, over-the-counter markets, and derivative platforms. Momentum pricing of cryptocurrencies has resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of cryptocurrencies, inflating and making more volatile the price of such cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies that lead the market are subject to even more speculation. Generally, the Trust tracks the Index and therefore largely invests in the top 10 cryptocurrencies in the cryptocurrency market and therefore is susceptible to increased price fluctuations in part from momentum pricing.

The Sponsor is solely responsible for determining the value of Portfolio and Shares in accordance with the Trust Agreement, and any errors, discontinuance or changes in such valuation calculations may have an adverse effect on the value of the Shares.

The Sponsor will determine the value of the Trust’s assets and Share price in accordance with the terms of Article 6 of the Trust Agreement. The Sponsor has not engaged a third-party calculation agent. To the extent that these calculations are not made correctly, the Sponsor may not be liable for any error and such misreporting of valuation data could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Competition from the emergence or growth of other cryptocurrencies or methods of investing in cryptocurrencies could have a negative impact on the price of Portfolio Crypto Assets and adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Shareholders may invest in cryptocurrencies through means other than the Shares, including through direct investments in cryptocurrencies and other potential financial vehicles, possibly including securities backed by or linked to one or more cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency financial vehicles similar to the Trust. Market and financial conditions, and other conditions beyond the Sponsor’s control, may make it more attractive to invest in other financial vehicles or to invest in such cryptocurrency directly, which could limit the market for, and reduce the liquidity of, the Shares. In addition, to the extent digital asset financial vehicles other than the Trust tracking the price of one or more cryptocurrencies are formed and represent a significant proportion of the demand for any particular cryptocurrency, large purchases or redemptions of the securities of these digital asset financial vehicles, or private funds holding such cryptocurrency, could negatively affect the any of the cryptocurrency reference rates, the cryptocurrency holdings, the price of the Shares, the NAV and the NAV per Share.

Failure of funds that hold cryptocurrencies or that have exposure to cryptocurrencies through derivatives to receive SEC approval to list their shares on exchanges could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

There have been a growing a number of attempts to list on national securities exchanges the shares of funds that hold cryptocurrencies or that have exposures to cryptocurrencies through derivatives. These investment vehicles

 

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attempt to provide institutional and retail investors exposure to markets for cryptocurrencies and related products. The SEC has repeatedly denied such requests, including a request submitted in connection with a fund operated by the Sponsor. The exchange listing of shares of cryptocurrency funds would create more opportunities for institutional and retail investors to invest in the cryptocurrency market. If exchange-listing requests are not ultimately approved by the SEC, increased investment interest by institutional or retail investors could fail to materialize, which could reduce the demand for cryptocurrencies generally and therefore adversely affect the value of the Shares.

The value of the Trust’s cryptocurrencies is dependent, directly or indirectly, on prices established by cryptocurrency exchanges and other cryptocurrency trading venues, which are new and, in most cases, largely unregulated.

Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure than established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. Much of the daily trading volume of cryptocurrencies is conducted on poorly capitalized, unregulated, unaudited and unaccountable exchanges located outside of the United States where there is little to no regulation governing trading. Such exchanges may engage in unethical practices that may have a significant impact on cryptocurrency pricing, such as front-running, wash trades and trading with insufficient funds. To the extent that the cryptocurrency exchanges or other cryptocurrency trading venues are involved in fraud or experience security failures or other operational issues, this could result in a reduction in the cryptocurrency market prices and adversely affect an investment in the Trust. The SEC, in March 2017, stated that cryptocurrency exchanges currently lack the ability to enter into surveillance-sharing agreements with significant, regulated markets for trading in cryptocurrencies thereby lacking the ability to detect and deter price manipulation. Although there has been improvement on this front with the self-certification of certain Bitcoin futures contracts resulting in information sharing agreements between certain futures markets and several cryptocurrency exchanges, regulators still lack the ability to surveil many cryptocurrency exchanges. In addition, users transacting on cryptocurrency trading platforms do not receive many of the market protections that they would when transacting through broker-dealers on registered securities exchanges or alternative trading systems, such as best execution, prohibitions on front running, short sale restrictions, and custody and capital requirements.

During the past few years, a number of cryptocurrency exchanges have been closed due to fraud, business failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of the closed cryptocurrency exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such cryptocurrency exchanges.

Cryptocurrency prices on public cryptocurrency exchanges have been volatile and subject to influence by many factors including the levels of liquidity on the exchanges specifically and on the cryptocurrency exchange market generally. Even the largest exchanges have been subject to operational interruption (e.g., thefts of cryptocurrencies from operational or “hot” wallets, suspension of trading on exchanges due to distributed denial of service attacks by hackers and/or malware and bankruptcy proceedings or cessation of services by exchanges), limiting the liquidity of cryptocurrencies on the affected cryptocurrency exchange and resulting in volatile prices and a reduction in confidence in the cryptocurrency exchange market generally. The price of cryptocurrencies on public exchanges may also be impacted by policies on or interruptions in the deposit or withdrawal of fiat currency into or out of larger cryptocurrency exchanges.

On large cryptocurrency exchanges, users may buy or sell cryptocurrencies for fiat currency or transfer cryptocurrencies to other wallets. Operational limits (including regulatory, exchange policy or technical or operational limits) on the size or settlement speed of fiat currency deposits by users into cryptocurrency exchanges may, (1) reduce demand on such exchanges, resulting in a reduction in the cryptocurrency price on such exchange or (2) reduce supply on such exchanges, potentially resulting in a temporary increase in the cryptocurrency price on such exchange during the existence of such operational limits. To the extent that fees for the transfer of cryptocurrencies either directly or indirectly occur between cryptocurrency exchanges, the impact

 

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on cryptocurrency prices of operation limits on fiat currency deposits and withdrawals may be reduced by “exchange shopping” among cryptocurrency exchange users. For example, a delay in U.S. Dollar withdrawals on one site may temporarily increase the price on such site by reducing supply (i.e., sellers transferring cryptocurrencies to another exchange without operational limits in order to settle sales more rapidly), but the resulting increase in price will also reduce demand because bidders on cryptocurrencies will follow increased supply on other cryptocurrency exchanges not experiencing operational limits. To the extent that users are able or willing to utilize or arbitrage prices between more than one cryptocurrency exchange, exchange shopping may mitigate the short-term impact on and volatility of cryptocurrency prices due to operational limits on the deposit or withdrawal of fiat currency into or out of larger cryptocurrency exchanges.

These risks also apply to other cryptocurrency trading venues, including over-the-counter markets and derivatives platforms, which may be used by public cryptocurrency exchanges and therefore by the Sponsor in calculating the net asset value of the Trust.

The Trust is designed to have limited exposure to individual trading venue interruptions by using multiple data sources and liquidity providers. Despite efforts to ensure accurate pricing, the Trust, and the price of cryptocurrencies generally, remains subject to volatility experienced by the cryptocurrency exchanges and other cryptocurrency trading venues. Such volatility can adversely affect an investment in the Trust. The value of cryptocurrencies is also dependent on the availability of exchanges on which to buy and sell such assets. If exchanges for cryptocurrencies became increasingly sparse, then there would be a material adverse impact on the value of cryptocurrencies and an investment in the Trust.

Cryptocurrencies have vulnerabilities which may adversely affect their value.

Instability in the cryptocurrency exchange market and the closure or temporary shutdown of cryptocurrency exchanges due to fraud, business failure, hackers, malware, or government-mandated regulation may reduce confidence in the cryptocurrency exchange market and result in greater volatility in cryptocurrency prices. Since the Index uses cryptocurrency prices published on public cryptocurrency exchanges, the failure, closure, or manipulation of such exchanges could adversely affect an investment in the Trust which relies on the Index for its investment strategy.

A temporary or permanent “fork” could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Many cryptocurrency networks operate using open-source protocols, meaning that any user can download the software, modify it and then propose that the users and miners of the cryptocurrency adopt the modification. When a modification is introduced and a substantial majority of users and miners consent to the modification, the change is implemented and the network remains uninterrupted. However, if less than a substantial majority of users and miners consent to the proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, the consequence would be what is known as a “hard fork” of the network, with one group running the pre-modified software and the other running the modified software. The effect of such a fork would be the existence of two versions of the cryptocurrency running in parallel, yet lacking interchangeability.

Forks may also occur as a network community’s response to a significant security breach. A fork may also occur as a result of an unintentional or unanticipated software flaw in the various versions of otherwise compatible software that users run. Such a fork could lead to users and miners abandoning the digital asset with the flawed software. It is possible, however, that a substantial number of users and miners could adopt an incompatible version of the digital asset while resisting community-led efforts to merge the two chains. This could result in a permanent fork.

Furthermore, a hard fork can lead to new security concerns, as a result of, for example, inherent decrease in the level of security due to significant amounts of mining power remaining on one network or migrating instead to the new forked network. After a hard fork, it may become easier for an individual miner or mining pool’s hashing

 

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power to exceed 50% of the processing power of the cryptocurrency network that retained or attracted less mining power, thereby making cryptocurrencies that rely on proof-of-work more susceptible to attack. A future fork in the network of a Portfolio Crypto Asset could adversely affect the value of the Shares or the ability of the Trust to operate.

Banks may not provide banking services, or may cut off banking services, to businesses that provide cryptocurrency-related services or that accept cryptocurrencies as payment.

The inability or difficulty of securing banking services could damage the public perception of cryptocurrencies and the utility of cryptocurrencies as a payment system. It could also decrease the price of cryptocurrencies and adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

A number of companies that provide cryptocurrency-related services have been unable to find banks that are willing to provide them with bank accounts and banking services. Similarly, a number of such companies have had their existing bank accounts closed by their banks. Banks may refuse to provide bank accounts and other banking services to cryptocurrency-related companies or companies that accept cryptocurrencies for a number of reasons, such as perceived compliance risks or costs. If Bitwise or the Trust is unable to secure bank accounts or banking services, it could have a material adverse effect on Bitwise’s ability to manage the Trust and the ability of the Trust to continue operations.

The impact of geopolitical events on the supply and demand for cryptocurrencies is uncertain and may negatively impact investments in the Trust.

As an alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central governments, digital assets such as cryptocurrencies, which are relatively new, are subject to supply and demand forces based upon the desirability of an alternative, decentralized means of buying and selling goods and services, and it is unclear how such supply and demand will be impacted by geopolitical events. Nevertheless, political or economic crises may motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of cryptocurrencies either globally or locally. Large-scale sales of cryptocurrencies would result in a reduction in the value of cryptocurrencies and adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

The further development and acceptance of the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of and transactions in cryptocurrencies, which represents a new and rapidly changing industry, is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate.

The use of cryptocurrencies to, among other things, buy and sell goods and services, is part of a new and rapidly evolving industry that employs digital assets based upon a computer-generated mathematical and/or cryptographic protocol. The growth of this industry in general, and the use of cryptocurrencies in particular, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Many networks are still in the process of developing and making significant decisions, such as decisions that will affect policies that govern the supply and issuance of their respective crypto assets.

The factors affecting the further development of the industry, include, but are not limited to:

 

   

Continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of cryptocurrencies;

 

   

Governmental and quasi-governmental regulation of cryptocurrencies and other digital assets and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of cryptocurrency exchanges or similar digital asset trading venues;

 

   

Changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences;

 

   

The maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of cryptocurrency exchanges;

 

   

The availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies;

 

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General economic conditions and the regulatory environment relating to digital assets; and

 

   

Negative consumer sentiment and perception of cryptocurrencies generally.

The slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of these protocols may adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

In addition, the open-source structure of many crypto asset network protocols means that developers and other contributors are generally not directly compensated for their contributions in maintaining and developing such protocols. As a result, the developers and other contributors of a particular digital asset may lack a financial incentive to maintain or develop the network, or may lack the resources to adequately address emerging issues. Alternatively, some developers may be funded by companies whose interests are at odds with other participants in a particular network. A failure to properly monitor and upgrade the protocol of a particular digital asset could damage that network, which could adversely affect the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

Shareholders may not receive the benefits of any forks or “airdrops.”

In addition to forks, a digital asset may become subject to a similar occurrence known as an “airdrop.” In an airdrop, the promotors of a new digital asset announce to holders of another digital asset that such holders will be entitled to claim a certain amount of the new digital asset for free, based on the fact that they hold such other digital asset. Shareholders may not receive the benefits of any forks, and the Trust may not choose, or be able, to participate in an airdrop. There may be operational, securities law, regulatory, legal and practical issues with accepting such assets. Additionally, laws, regulation or other factors may prevent Shareholders from benefitting from such forks or airdrops. For example, it may be illegal to sell or otherwise dispose of such assets, or there may not be a suitable market into which such assets can be sold (immediately after the fork or airdrop, or ever).

In the event of a hard fork of the network of a digital asset held by the Trust, the Sponsor will use its discretion to determine which network should be considered the appropriate network for the Trust’s purposes, and in doing so may adversely affect the value of the Shares.

In the event of a hard fork affecting a Portfolio Crypto Asset, the Sponsor will use its discretion to determine, in good faith, which peer-to-peer network, among a group of incompatible forks of such network, is generally accepted as the network for such digital asset and should therefore be considered the appropriate network for the Trust’s purposes. The Sponsor will base its determination on a variety of then relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the Sponsor’s beliefs regarding expectations of the core developers of such digital asset, users, services, businesses, miners and other constituencies, as well as the actual continued acceptance of, mining power on, and community engagement with, the network of such digital asset. There is no guarantee that the Sponsor will choose the digital asset that is ultimately the most valuable fork, and the Sponsor’s decision may adversely affect the value of the Shares as a result.

Any name change and any associated rebranding initiative by the core developers of a Portfolio Crypto Asset may not be favorably received by the digital asset community, which could negatively impact the value of such digital asset and an investment in the Shares.

From time to time, digital assets may undergo name changes and associated rebranding initiatives or changes in how such assets are used. We cannot predict the impact of any name change and any associated rebranding initiative on the relevant digital asset. After a name change and an associated rebranding initiative, a digital asset may not be able to achieve or maintain brand name recognition or status that is comparable to the recognition and status previously enjoyed by such digital asset. The failure of any name change and any associated rebranding initiative by a digital asset may result in such digital asset not realizing some or all of the anticipated benefits contemplated by the name change and associated rebranding initiative, and could negatively impact the value of the relevant digital asset and an investment in the Shares.

 

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The Trust’s investments in Portfolio Crypto Assets may be illiquid.

It may be difficult or impossible for the Trust to sell Portfolio Crypto Assets. Digital assets are also often difficult to value and market prices for digital assets have experienced significant volatility in comparison to more liquid investments in other asset classes, such as equities. This could adversely affect the price at which the Trust is able to sell Portfolio Crypto Assets, if it is able to do so at all.

Risks Related to Index Investing

The Bitwise 10 Crypto Index has a fairly limited history.

The Bitwise 10 Crypto Index (the “Index”) was created in 2017 and has a fairly limited history. Bitwise has substantial discretion at any time to change the methodology used to calculate the Index and guidelines used to select public exchanges from which cryptocurrency trading data is sourced for inclusion in the Index. Bitwise does not have any obligation to take the needs of the Trust, the Trust’s Shareholders, or anyone else into consideration in connection with such changes. There is no guarantee that the methodology currently used in calculating and balancing the Index will appropriately track the price of cryptocurrencies comprising the Index in the future.

The Index is based on various inputs which may include price data from various third-party exchanges and markets as well as supply data. Bitwise does not guarantee the validity of any of these inputs, which may be subject to technological error, manipulative activity, or fraudulent reporting from their initial source. Bitwise is not required to publicize or explain the changes to the Index, nor to alert the Trust to such changes. Shareholders in the Trust may not be aware of what inputs Bitwise uses to calculate the Index, when Bitwise changes the inputs, or when Bitwise changes the methodology to calculate the Index, even when material to the calculation of the Index. The Index could be calculated now or in the future in a way that adversely affects an investment in the Trust.

The methodology for determining the Index established by the Index Provider, which is an affiliate of the Sponsor, is relatively new.

The methodology for determining the Index established by the Index Provider, which is an affiliate of the Sponsor, is relatively new. Such methodology is based on a flexible set of rules that were designed by the Sponsor and its affiliates. Certain assumptions included in the methodology may be flawed and may adversely impact the Index’s ability to accurately establish or maintain an Index of top cryptocurrencies. The failure of one or more of the assumptions built into the Index methodology could have an adverse effect on the Trust and on the value of an investment in the Trust.

The Trust’s investment policies are rules-driven, which may lead the Trust’s portfolio to be underrepresented with respect to digital assets that are increasing in value and/or overrepresented with respect to digital assets that are declining in value.

As described under “Description of the Trust—Purpose of the Index,” the Trust seeks to invest in a Portfolio of cryptocurrencies in accordance with the Index. The Index and investment strategy of the Trust may, however, create undesirable outcomes for Shareholders. At any given time, for example, the Trust’s portfolio may be underrepresented with respect to digital assets that are increasing in value and/or overrepresented with respect to digital assets that are declining in value. Should this be the case, the Trust may underperform relative to other investment options that do invest in such digital assets and do not follow similar investment policies. Moreover, the Sponsor will only rebalance the Trust’s Portfolio on a monthly basis, meaning that rebalancing that could achieve more favorable results for Shareholders may only occur upon delay. This could have an adverse effect on the Trust and on the value of an investment in the Trust.

 

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The development and commercialization of the Index is highly competitive, and the Trust may not be commercially successful.

The Trust faces competition with respect to the creation and maintenance of a competing cryptocurrency index fund. Much of the information used to construct and maintain the Index is within the public domain. Competitors could develop a similar, competing cryptocurrency index or fund. Many of Bitwise’s competitors have significantly greater financial, technical and human resources than Bitwise has and superior expertise in fund operation and management, and thus may be better equipped than Bitwise to develop and commercialize an index. These competitors also compete with Bitwise in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. Accordingly, Bitwise’s competitors may commercialize an index involving cryptocurrencies more rapidly or effectively than Bitwise is able to, which would adversely affect Bitwise’s competitive position, the likelihood that the Index will achieve initial market acceptance and Bitwise’s ability to generate meaningful revenues from the Trust.

The Trust will not track the Index exactly and the Trust’s investments may diverge from those comprising the Index.

It is not possible to invest directly in an index. The Trust will invest its assets to closely track the Index but will not be able to or may not desire to track the Index exactly. In certain instances, the Sponsor, in its sole discretion, may choose to diverge the Trust’s investments from those comprising the Index. The Trust will have losses, liabilities and expenses that will offset its income and gains and therefore the Trust’s performance may be below the Index’s performance. In addition, the performance of the Trust and the Index may vary somewhat due to other factors such as imperfect correlation between the Trust’s investments and Index composition, regulatory restrictions, high portfolio turnover rate, rounding of prices and timing differences associated with additions to and deletions from the Index. The Trust may have slightly different goals than the Index. For example, for ease of regulatory compliance and other reasons, the Trust intends to avoid investing in cryptocurrencies that constitute “securities” under U.S. securities laws, while the Index has no such restriction in its methodology.

The Sponsor is solely responsible for determining the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share, and any errors, discontinuance or changes in such valuation calculations may have an adverse effect on the value of the Shares.

The Sponsor is responsible for determining the value of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share. The Sponsor and its affiliates will use the applicable rules-based methodology, to calculate and disseminate the Index on a daily basis. The composition of the Index is dependent on data from one or more third parties and/or the application of such data within the rules of the Index methodology, which may be based on assumptions or estimates. To the extent that the this is incorrectly calculated, the Sponsor may not be liable for any error and such misreporting of valuation data could adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

The value of the Shares will be adversely affected if the Trust is required to indemnify the Sponsor, the Trustee or the Custodian.

Each of the Sponsor, the Trustee, the Custodian, and certain other service providers, has a right to be indemnified by the Trust under certain circumstances. In order to satisfy these obligations, the Trust may be required to sell some Portfolio Crypto Assets in order to cover losses or liability suffered by it. Any sale of that kind would reduce the Portfolio Crypto Assets of the Trust and the value of the Shares.

 

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Risk Related to Trust and Portfolio Investments

Because of the holding period under Rule 144 and the lack of an ongoing redemption program for Shareholders that invest directly into the Trust (as opposed to Shareholders who acquire Shares in the public secondary trading market) there is no arbitrage mechanism to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the value of the underlying Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares may trade at a substantial premium over, or substantial discount to, the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share.

Because of the holding period under Rule 144 and the lack of an ongoing redemption program for Shareholders that invest directly into the Trust, the Trust cannot rely on arbitrage opportunities resulting from differences between the price of the Shares and the price of the relevant digital asset to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the relevant Portfolio Crypto Assets. As a result, the value of the Shares may not approximate, and the Shares may trade at a substantial premium over, or discount to, the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets held by the Trust, less the Trust’s expenses and other liabilities, on the OTCQX secondary trading market.

The Trust has limited operating history upon which an investor may base its investment decision.

The Trust has limited operating history upon which an investor may base its investment decision. There can be no assurance that the Trust will be able to successfully implement its business plan. The success of the Trust should be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications, and delays frequently encountered in connection with the inception of a business, operation in a competitive industry, and the continued development of advertising and a corresponding investor base. For these and other unforeseeable factors, there can be no assurance that the Trust will achieve or sustain profitable operations. The performance of prior investment entities and business ventures associated with the Principals is not necessarily indicative of the Trust’s future performance.

The Sponsor will incur significant costs as a result of the registration of the Shares under the Exchange Act and the Trust becoming a reporting issuer under the Exchange Act.

As the sponsor of a trust fully reporting under the Exchange Act, the Sponsor will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that it did not incur previously. In addition, the Exchange Act imposes various requirements on issuers that require the Sponsor’s management and other personnel to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance initiatives.

The Trust depends, in part, on Bitwise’s ability to attract and retain key personnel and the Trust’s failure to do so may negatively impact the commercial success of the Trust.

The Trust depends, in part, on Bitwise’s ability to attract and retain key personnel. The Trust’s future also depends on the continued contributions of the executive officers and other key Bitwise personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace. In particular, Hunter Horsley and Hong Kim, the co-founders of Bitwise, Teddy Fusaro, Chief Operating Officer of Bitwise, and Matt Hougan, Managing Director and Global Head of Research, are critical to the management of the Trust’s business and operations and the Trust’s strategic direction. The loss of the services of either Messrs. Horsley, Kim, Fusaro, or Hougan, or other key personnel of Bitwise, and the process to replace them would involve significant time and expense and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of the Trust’s business objectives.

The Trust does not maintain key man life insurance on key personnel.

The Trust is dependent on Messrs. Horsley, Kim, Fusaro, and Hougan in order to manage its investments and operations, maintain the Index and execute on the Trust’s investment strategy. Bitwise has not, however, purchased any insurance policies with respect to those individuals in the event of their death or disability. Therefore, if any of Messrs. Horsley, Kim, Fusaro, or Hougan die or become disabled, Bitwise will not receive any compensation to assist with such person’s absence. The loss of such person could negatively affect the Trust and its investments.

 

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Shareholders are expected to rely entirely on the Sponsor to conduct and manage the affairs of the Trust and will not be able to actively participate in management.

Shareholders are expected to rely entirely on the Sponsor to conduct and manage the affairs of the Trust. Shareholders do not participate in the management of the Trust or in the conduct of their business. Moreover, Shareholders have no right to influence the management of the Trust, whether by voting or otherwise, other than in the limited fashion as set forth in the Trust Agreement. The Sponsor will have exclusive responsibility for the Trust’s activities. Other than as may be set forth in the Trust Agreement, Shareholders will not be able to make investment or any other decisions in the management of the Trust. In general, the Shareholders will have no opportunity to control or participate in the day-to-day operations, including investment and disposition decisions, of the Trust. As such, Shareholders will not have an opportunity to evaluate for themselves the investment decisions made by the Trust, and instead will be relying on the ability of the Sponsor to select investments to be made and rebalance the Trust’s portfolio using the Index. Accordingly, the success of the Trust will depend in large part upon the skill and expertise of the Sponsor, and other investment professionals employed by the Sponsor. There can be no assurance that these professionals will continue to be associated with the Sponsor throughout the life of the Trust.

Further, if the Sponsor were to lack funds to continue to manage the Trust, the Index, and/or other investment-related operations essential to the Trust, it may be difficult or impossible for the Trust to secure other, similarly-skilled management for the Trust. If the Sponsor were to lack such funds or were to discontinue its business for any other reasons, this could have a material adverse effect on the Trust and the value of an investment in the Trust.

Investors may experience the complete loss of their investment.

An investment in the Trust is suitable only for certain sophisticated investors for whom such investment does not constitute a complete investment program and that fully understand, are willing to assume, and have the financial resources necessary to withstand, the risks involved in the Trust’s investment strategy, and that can bear the potential loss of their entire investment in the Trust. There is no assurance as to whether the Trust will be profitable or meet its expenses and liabilities. Any investment made in the Trust may result in a total loss of the investment.

Shareholders may be required to have their Shares redeemed.

Under the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor may, in its discretion at any time, require the redemption of all or a portion of any Shareholder’s Shares from the Trust upon written notice. Such mandatory redemption may create adverse tax and/or economic consequences to the Shareholder depending on the timing thereof.

If shareholders enter into share lending arrangement with respect to shares of the Trust, shareholders may experience various risks associated with these arrangements.

Certain lending entities may be willing to provide loans to Shareholders in the Trust. Neither the Trust, the Sponsor nor any of their affiliates recommend or endorse any such lending arrangements. The decision to enter into such a lending arrangement is solely the decision of the Shareholder, and the Shareholder should consult with its legal and financial advisers before doing so. The Trust, the Sponsor, and their affiliates disclaim any and all liability from any such lending arrangements, including without limitation any liability for losses or adverse consequences that may be incurred by the lender, the Shareholder, or any other person or entity.

In some cases, these lending arrangements may be entered into without the knowledge or the involvement of the Trust or the Sponsor. In other cases, the parties to such a lending transaction may ask the Trust and/or the Sponsor to be a party to an agreement in which the Trust and/or the Sponsor is asked to provide certain assurances or non-objections to such a lending transaction. The Trust and the Sponsor are under no obligation to enter into any such agreement, and may do so or not in their sole discretion. Neither the Trust, the Sponsor nor any of their affiliates will receive any compensation from any party under or pursuant to such an agreement.

 

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The Trust is a passive investment vehicle and the Sponsor will not actively manage the cryptocurrencies held by the Trust.

Generally, the Sponsor will not actively manage the cryptocurrencies held by the Trust. Instead, the Trust will hold investments that track the Index, regardless of the current or projected performance of the Index or of the actual cryptocurrencies included in the Index. This is different from an actively managed fund, which would seek to outperform a benchmark index and means that the Trust’s net asset value may be adversely affected by losses that, if the Trust had been actively managed, might have been possible to avoid. Accordingly, the Sponsor will not sell cryptocurrencies at times when their price is high, or acquire cryptocurrencies at low prices in the expectation of future price increases, or take any other action that may be available to cryptocurrency investors to attempt to reduce the risk of losses resulting from cryptocurrency price decreases and conversely, maximize gains resulting from cryptocurrency prices increases. Any losses sustained by the Trust will adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

The Trust is subject to additional risks due to its concentration of investments in a single asset class.

Unlike other funds that may invest in diversified assets, the Trust’s investment strategy is concentrated in a single asset class: broad based cryptocurrencies. This concentration maximizes the degree of the Trust’s exposure to a variety of market risks associated with cryptocurrencies. By concentrating its investment strategy solely in cryptocurrencies, any losses suffered as a result of a decrease in the value of cryptocurrencies, can be expected to reduce the value of Shares in the Trust and will not be offset by other gains if the Trust were to invest in underlying assets that were diversified.

The Trust may not have adequate sources of recovery if its cryptocurrencies are lost, stolen or destroyed.

If the Trust’s cryptocurrencies are lost, stolen or destroyed under circumstances rendering a party liable to the Trust, the responsible party may not have the financial resources sufficient to satisfy the Trust’s claim.

The Trust and Sponsor must comply with applicable federal and state privacy and data security laws and may experience material negative effects to its business and financial condition if it does not comply.

Along with the Trust’s and Sponsor’s confidential data and information in the normal course of the Trust’s activities, the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, collects and retains certain types of data, some of which are subject to certain laws and regulations. For example, the data that collected from Shareholders and potential investors includes personally identifiable information. The Trust and Sponsor must comply with applicable federal and state laws and regulations governing the collection, retention, processing, storage, disclosure, access, use, security, and privacy of such information in addition to the Trust’s information security and privacy policies and applicable industry standards. The legal, regulatory, and contractual environment surrounding the foregoing continues to evolve, and there has been an increasing amount of focus on privacy and data security issues with the potential to affect the Trust’s activities. These privacy and data security laws and regulations, as well as contractual requirements, could increase the Trust’s cost of doing business, and failure to comply with these laws, regulations and contractual requirements could result in government enforcement actions (which could include civil or criminal penalties), private litigation, and/or adverse publicity. In the event of a breach of personal information, the Trust and Sponsor may be subject to governmental fines, individual and class action claims, remediation expenses, and/or harm to reputation. Further, if the Trust or Sponsor fail to comply with applicable privacy and security laws, regulations, policies and standards, properly protect the integrity and security of facilities and systems and the data located within them, or defend against cybersecurity attacks, or if the Trust’s third-party service providers, partners, or vendors fail to do any of the foregoing with respect to data and information assessed, used, stored, or collected on the Trust’s behalf, the Trust’s activities, reputation, returns, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

 

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The Trust is subject to the risk of cybercrime and data privacy breaches.

The Trust and the Sponsor rely on information technologies and infrastructure to manage the Trust and Index, including digital storage of Trust assets, marketing strategies and Shareholder information. Data maintained in digital form is subject to the risk of intrusion, tampering and theft. The incidence of malicious technology-related events, such as cyberattacks, computer hacking, computer viruses, worms or other destructive or disruptive software, denial of service attacks or other malicious activities is on the rise worldwide. Power outages, equipment failure, natural disasters (including extreme weather), terrorist activities or human error may also affect our systems and result in disruption of our services or loss or improper disclosure of personal data, business information or other confidential information.

Likewise, data privacy breaches, as well as improper use of social media, by employees and others may pose a risk that sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information, strategic plans and trade secrets, could be exposed to third parties or to the general public. The Trust and Sponsor also utilize third parties, including third-party “cloud” computing services, to store, transfer or process data, and system failures or network disruptions or breaches in the systems of such third parties could adversely affect its reputation or business. Any such breaches or breakdowns could expose the Trust to legal liability, be expensive to remedy, result in a loss of Shareholders and damage the Trust’s reputation. Efforts to develop, implement and maintain security measures are costly, may not be successful in preventing these events from occurring and require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated.

The Trust may make in-kind distributions and the risks related to such distributions will be borne by the Shareholders.

The Trust may distribute in cash or in-kind to satisfy redemption requests in the Sponsor’s sole-discretion. The risk of loss and delay in liquidating the Trust’s portfolio will be borne by the Shareholder, with the result that such Shareholder may receive less cash than it would have received as of the redemption date. To the extent the Trust makes a distribution to Shareholders in the form of cryptocurrencies, neither the Sponsor nor the Trust will be responsible for establishing a “wallet” or storage mechanism for the Shareholders receiving such cryptocurrencies.

Distributions will be made in-kind at the Sponsor’s sole discretion. If a Shareholder resides in a jurisdiction where in-kind distributions would impose additional regulatory costs, the Sponsor may, in its sole discretion and subject to applicable law, liquidate a Shareholder’s pro-rata distribution on its behalf. There can be no assurance that the Sponsor will be able to liquidate assets in a timely manner or that there will be a market available for the disposition of the assets. Accordingly, there may be a delay in the distribution of such proceeds to a Shareholder. Prior to such distribution, a Shareholder’s interest in any assets that have not yet been disposed of on its behalf will continue to be subject to gains and losses.

The Trust invests in cryptocurrencies that are not expected to be considered to be securities under the U.S. securities laws and therefore do not have the regulatory protections afforded to securities under the U.S. securities laws.

The Trust invests in cryptocurrencies that are not expected to be considered to be securities under the U.S. securities laws. Accordingly, Shareholders in the Trust do not have the regulatory protections afforded under the U.S. securities laws regarding the Trust’s assets.

Cryptocurrencies held by the Trust will not have FDIC or SIPC protections.

The Trust is not a banking institution or otherwise a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). Accordingly, deposits or assets held by the Trust are not subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with FDIC or SIPC member institutions. The undivided interest in the Trust’s cryptocurrencies and other assets represented by Shares in the Trust are not insured.

 

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The Trust is not subject to Sarbanes-Oxley regulations and lacks the financial controls and safeguards required of public companies.

The Trust does not have the internal infrastructure necessary, and is not required, to complete an attestation about its financial controls similar to those required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. There can be no assurance that there are no significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the quality of the Trust’s financial controls. The Trust expects to incur additional expenses and diversion of management’s time if and when it becomes necessary to perform the system and process evaluation, testing and remediation required in order to comply with the management certification and auditor attestation requirements.

Risks Related to Trading on the OTCQX

The Shares may trade on the OTCQX at a price that is at, above or below the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share as a result of the non-current trading hours between OTCQX and markets for the Portfolio Crypto Assets.

The price of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets, and the Sponsor expects the trading price of the Shares to fluctuate in accordance with changes in market supply and demand. However, if the Shares are traded on the OTCQX, the Shares may trade at, above or below the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share for a variety of reasons. For example, because OTCQX will be open for trading in the Shares for a limited period each day, but the Portfolio Crypto Assets may trade in 24-hour marketplaces. During periods when OTCQX is closed but markets for the Portfolio Crypto Assets are open, significant changes in the price of Portfolio Crypto Assets on the markets trade in Portfolio Crypto Assets could result in a difference in performance between the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the most recent Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share or closing trading price. Even during periods when OTCQX is open, large marketplaces for the Portfolio Crypto Assets (or a substantial number of smaller marketplaces) may be lightly traded or are closed for any number of reasons, which could increase trading spreads and widen any premium or discount on the Shares. If the price of Portfolio Crypto Assets drops significantly during hours OTCQX is closed, Shareholders may not be able to sell their Shares until after the “gap” down has been fully realized, resulting in an inability to mitigate losses in a rapidly negative market. These premiums or discounts may have an adverse effect on an investment in the Shares if a Shareholder sells or acquires its Shares during a period of discount or premium, respectively.

If we fail to meet the continued listing standards of the OTCQX, our Shares may no longer be permitted to trade, which may adversely affect the market price and liquidity of the Shares.

The Shares are currently quoted for trading on the OTCQX. In order to continue trading on the OTCQX, we must maintain a minimum per share bid price, a minimum amount of market capitalization, minimum net tangible assets, and a minimum public float, among other requirements. If we are unable to comply with the OTCQX rules, this could result in an inability of our Shares to trade on this platform, resulting in adverse consequences for our shareholders, including limited availability of market quotations for our Shares and reduced liquidity for the trading of the Shares.

There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop.

The Shares are qualified for public trading on OTCQX and an active trading market for the Shares has developed. However, there can be no assurance that such trading market will be maintained or continue to develop. In addition, OTCQX can halt the trading of the Shares for a variety of reasons. To the extent that OTCQX halts trading in the Shares, whether on a temporary or permanent basis, investors may not be able to buy or sell Shares, which could adversely affect the value of the Shares. If an active trading market for the Shares does not continue to exist, the market prices and liquidity of the Shares may be adversely affected.

 

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Risks Related to Potential Conflicts of Interest

The Shares may trade on the OTCQX at a price that is at, above or below the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share as a result of the non-current trading hours between OTCQX and markets for the Portfolio Crypto Assets.

The price of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets, and the Sponsor expects the trading price of the Shares to fluctuate in accordance with changes in market supply and demand. However, if the Shares are traded on the OTCQX, the Shares may trade at, above or below the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share for a variety of reasons. For example, because OTCQX will be open for trading in the Shares for a limited period each day, but the Portfolio Crypto Assets may trade in 24-hour marketplaces. During periods when OTCQX is closed but markets for the Portfolio Crypto Assets are open, significant changes in the price of Portfolio Crypto Assets on the markets trade in Portfolio Crypto Assets could result in a difference in performance between the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the most recent Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share or closing trading price. Even during periods when OTCQX is open, large marketplaces for the Portfolio Crypto Assets (or a substantial number of smaller marketplaces) may be lightly traded or are closed for any number of reasons, which could increase trading spreads and widen any premium or discount on the Shares. If the price of Portfolio Crypto Assets drops significantly during hours OTCQX is closed, Shareholders may not be able to sell their Shares until after the “gap” down has been fully realized, resulting in an inability to mitigate losses in a rapidly negative market. These premiums or discounts may have an adverse effect on an investment in the Shares if a Shareholder sells or acquires its Shares during a period of discount or premium, respectively.

If we fail to meet the continued listing standards of the OTCQX, our Shares may no longer be permitted to trade, which may adversely affect the market price and liquidity of the Shares.

The Shares are currently quoted for trading on the OTCQX. In order to continue trading on the OTCQX, we must maintain a minimum per share bid price, a minimum amount of market capitalization, minimum net tangible assets, and a minimum public float, among other requirements. If we are unable to comply with the OTCQX rules, this could result in an inability of our Shares to trade on this platform, resulting in adverse consequences for our shareholders, including limited availability of market quotations for our Shares and reduced liquidity for the trading of the Shares.

There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop.

The Shares are qualified for public trading on OTCQX and an active trading market for the Shares has developed. However, there can be no assurance that such trading market will be maintained or continue to develop. In addition, OTCQX can halt the trading of the Shares for a variety of reasons. To the extent that OTCQX halts trading in the Shares, whether on a temporary or permanent basis, investors may not be able to buy or sell Shares, which could adversely affect the value of the Shares. If an active trading market for the Shares does not continue to exist, the market prices and liquidity of the Shares may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to the Market and Investment

An investment in the Trust involves a high degree of risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.

An investment in the Trust involves a high degree of risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. No guarantee or representation is made that the Trust’s investment program will be successful. The Sponsor will be investing, in accordance with the Index and in line with the investment policies of the Trust, substantially all of the Trust’s assets in cryptocurrencies, some of which may be particularly sensitive to economic, market, industry and other variable conditions. The cryptocurrency market in which the Trust expects

 

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to invest has in recent years experienced and continues to be susceptible to significant volatility and losses. No assurance can be given as to when or whether adverse events might occur that could cause immediate and significant losses to the Trust.

The success of the Trust’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, which would have a negative effect on the Trust’s activities.

The success of the Trust’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Trust’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). These factors may affect, among other things, the level and volatility of cryptocurrency prices and the availability of certain cryptocurrencies and investments. Volatility or illiquidity could impair the Trust’s profitability or result in losses. The Trust’s trading positions can be materially adversely affected by the level of volatility in the financial markets—the larger the positions, the greater the potential for loss.

In recent years global markets have experienced unprecedented volatility and illiquidity. The effects thereof may continue and there can be no assurance that the Trust will not be materially adversely affected. Due to these conditions, extensive governmental interventions have in certain cases been implemented on an “emergency” basis, suddenly and substantially eliminating market participants’ ability to continue to implement certain strategies or manage the risk of their outstanding positions. In addition—as one would expect given the complexities of the financial markets and the limited time frame within which governments have felt compelled to take action—these interventions have typically been unclear in scope and application, resulting in confusion and uncertainty. It is impossible to predict what additional interim or permanent governmental restrictions may be imposed on the markets and/or the effect of such restrictions on the Sponsor’s strategies. Further, it is impossible to predict how the reduction and/or cessation of such governmental restrictions, and other governmental market interventions such as quantitative easing, may affect global markets.

Demand for Trust’s Shares is related to general economic conditions and if conditions are poor, demand may decline.

A substantial portion of the Trust’s subscriptions is derived from discretionary spending by individuals, which typically falls during times of economic instability. Declines in economic conditions in the U.S. or in other countries may adversely impact the Trust’s value.

If the Trust invests in equity securities, the success of the Trust may depend on the value of such securities.

While the Trust does not currently intend to invest in assets or cryptocurrencies that are considered to be “securities” under U.S. securities laws, in the rare event that it does invest in securities, the success of the Trust will be dependent upon the value of these securities. Such value generally will vary with the performance of the issuer and movements in the securities markets. As a result, the Trust may suffer losses if it invests in securities of issuers whose performance diverges from the Sponsor’s expectations or if equity markets generally move in a downward direction.

The Trust intends to make investments that are concentrated in cryptocurrencies and does not currently intend to diversify its investments beyond cryptocurrencies.

The Trust intends to make investments that are concentrated in cryptocurrencies. The Sponsor does not currently intend to engage in hedging transactions, engaging in short selling, or investing in non-publicly traded securities. The Trust may experience lower investment returns than if it had engaged in these activities. In the event that the Sponsor determines to engage in these activities, the Trust may face additional risks, not limited to liquidity risk and counterparty risk, which could adversely affect the Trust’s performance.

 

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The Trust will select investments for the Trust in large part on the basis of information and data provided in the Index, which relies on financial reporting by third parties and such reporting may be subject to financial fraud.

The Trust will select investments for the Trust in large part on the basis of information and data provided in the Index. The Index is dependent upon the integrity of public cryptocurrency exchanges and the reporting processes in general of such exchanges. The Sponsor will not confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data. Instances of fraud and other deceptive practices committed by public cryptocurrency exchanges may negatively affect the composition of the Index and the valuation of the Trust’s investments. The Sponsor will not be conducting any additional due diligence with respect to the Index.

The Trust’s investment strategy is focused on the long-term performance of the cryptocurrencies in which the Trust invests.

While there is no average period of time in which the Trust expects to hold any of its positions, the investment strategy is focused on the long-term performance of the cryptocurrencies in which the Trust invests. Shareholders should expect that the Trust may hold its positions in cryptocurrencies for a period of years, and for differing time periods than one may potentially expect from other long-only funds.

There is no assurance that all of the Trust’s transactions will be executed with optimal quality and due to the degree of trading, total commission charges and other transaction costs may be expected to be high.

Generally, the Trust’s portfolio will be rebalanced and revised monthly in the sole discretion of the Sponsor by tracking changes to the Index, and such changes may be frequent, resulting in significant transaction costs to the Trust. The successful application of the Trust’s investment strategy will therefore depend, in part, upon the quality of execution of transactions. Although the Trust will seek to utilize public exchanges that will afford superior execution capability to the Trust, there is no assurance that all of the Trust’s transactions will be executed with optimal quality. Furthermore, due to the degree of trading, total commission charges and other transaction costs may be expected to be high. As stated above, many of the cryptocurrency exchanges are in their nascent stages and subject to light regulatory oversight. There is no guarantee that the Sponsor will be able to ascertain the accurate price, cost, speed, likelihood of execution and settlement. Cryptocurrency exchanges may also provide a limited selection of market orders, furthering limiting the Sponsor’s ability to obtain the best possible execution. Furthermore, due to the degree of trading, total commission charges and other transaction costs may be expected to be high. The level of transaction charges, as an expense of the Trust, may therefore be expected to be a factor in determining future profitability of the Trust.

Intellectual property rights claims may adversely affect the Trust and an investment in the Shares.

The Sponsor is not aware of any intellectual property rights claims that may prevent the Trust from operating and holding any digital assets. However, third parties may assert intellectual property rights claims relating to the operation of the Trust and the mechanics instituted for the investment in, holding of and transfer of digital assets. Regardless of the merit of an intellectual property or other legal action, any legal expenses to defend, or payments to settle, such claims would be extraordinary expenses that would be borne by the Trust in most cases through the sale or transfer of its digital assets. Additionally, a meritorious intellectual property rights claim could prevent the Trust from operating and force the Sponsor to terminate the Trust and liquidate its digital assets. As a result, an intellectual property rights claim against the Trust could adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

 

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Risks Relates to Regulatory and Compliance

A determination that any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are a “security” may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares, and result in potentially extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to, or termination of, the Trust.

The SEC has stated that certain digital assets may be considered “securities” under the federal securities laws. Further, public statements by senior officials at the SEC, including a June 2018 speech by the director of the SEC’s division of Corporation Finance, indicate that the SEC does not intend to take the position that Bitcoin or Ethereum are currently securities.3 Subsequently in a March 2019 statement, the chairman of the SEC expressed agreement with certain statements from the June 2018 speech by the director of the SEC’s division of Corporation Finance, including the analysis of federal securities laws that the director applied to Bitcoin and Ethereum.4 Such statements are not official policy statements by the SEC and reflect only the speaker’s views, which are not binding on the SEC or any other agency or court and cannot be generalized to any other digital asset. Similarly, in April 2019, the SEC’s Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology published a framework for the analysis of digital assets.5

Bitwise has adopted a facts and circumstances-based policy for determining whether or not the digital assets considered for inclusion in the Index are securities, as the determination of an asset’s status as a security is a highly fact-specific determination. See “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations” for additional information. Also as described under “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations,” we believe that none of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are “securities” under the federal or state securities laws. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Portfolio Crypto Assets are composed of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, EOS, Tezos, Stellar, Cardano, Uniswap and Aave. We anticipate treating these assets as not securities based on our view that these assets are not “investment contracts” under the recent guidance provided by the SEC “Framework for ‘Investment Contract’ Analysis of Digital Assets,” and the application of the test under SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. (the “Howey test”) to digital assets. It is possible, however, that the SEC or another regulator would disagree with our position. As described under “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations,” the determination of an asset’s status as a security is a highly fact-specific determination. On December 22, 2020, the SEC instituted proceedings to enjoin Ripple Labs Inc., the creator of XRP, on the basis that the offer and sale of XRP was an unregistered, ongoing offering of securities in violation of Sections 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act.6 On December 23, 2020, the Trust made a decision to liquidate its position in XRP based on consideration of new public information from the SEC’s complaint. Prior to the sale of the asset on December 22, 2020, XRP was approximately 3.8% of the Fund. The Fund reinvested the proceeds from the liquidated position in other portfolio assets.

If any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets are determined to be a “security” under federal or state securities laws by the SEC or any other agency, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have material adverse consequences for the Portfolio Crypto Assets, the Sponsor, the Trust, and the Shares. It may, for example, become more difficult for the Portfolio Crypto Assets to be traded, cleared and custodied as compared to other digital assets that are not considered to be securities, which could in turn negatively affect the liquidity and general acceptance of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and cause users to migrate to other digital assets. Further, if other digital assets are determined to be “securities” under federal or state securities laws by the SEC or any

 

3 

William Hinman, Director, SEC Div. of Corp. Fin., Remarks at the Yahoo Finance All Markets Summit: Crypto, Digital Asset Transactions: When Howey Met Gary (Plastic) (June 14, 2018).

4 

Jay Clayton, SEC Chairman, Letter to Representative Ted Budd (March 7, 2019), available at https://coincenter.org/files/2019-03/clayton-token-response.pdf.

5 

Framework for “Investment Contract” Analysis of Digital Assets, SEC Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology (April 3, 2019), available at https://www.sec.gov/corpfin/framework-investment-contract-analysis-digital-assets.

6 

SEC Complaint in SEC v. Ripple Labs, Inc. et al., No. 1:20-cv-10832 (ECF) (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 22, 2020).

 

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other agency, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have material adverse consequences for the Portfolio Crypto Assets due to negative publicity or a decline in the general acceptance of digital assets. As such, any determination that the Portfolio Crypto Assets or any other digital asset is a security under federal or state securities laws may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and, as a result, the value of the Shares.

In addition, to the extent that any Portfolio Crypto Assets are determined to be a security, the Trust, and the Sponsor may also be subject to additional regulatory requirements, including under the Investment Company Act, and the Sponsor may be required to register as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act. See “Certain Legal and Regulatory Considerations” below. If the Sponsor determines not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, the Sponsor will terminate the Trust. Any such termination could result in the liquidation of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.

There are uncertainties related to the regulatory regimes governing blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, digital assets, and new regulations, interpretations or policies may materially adversely affect the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

Regulation of assets like the Portfolio Crypto Assets and related technologies and actors (such as blockchains and cryptocurrency exchanges) involves uncertainty as to how existing law will apply; is likely to rapidly evolve as government agencies take greater interest and develop new approaches to regulation of these assets and technologies; and varies significantly among international, federal, state and local jurisdictions.

There is significant uncertainty regarding the regulatory classification of assets like the Portfolio Crypto Assets. Several state and federal regulatory agencies have asserted jurisdiction over virtual currencies such as the Portfolio Crypto Assets which may disrupt cryptocurrency trading, and have a negative impact on their value.

The technologies underlying the Portfolio Crypto Assets are novel technologies and relatively untested, and the application of U.S. federal and state securities laws to aspects of these technologies and the Portfolio Crypto Assets is unclear in certain respects. Because of the novelty of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and their underlying blockchain technologies, it is possible that securities regulators may interpret laws in a manner that adversely affects the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares. Various legislative and executive bodies in the United States and in other countries may, in the future, adopt laws, regulations, or guidance, or take other actions that could severely or materially impact the permissibility of the operation of the blockchain networks underlying the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Trust. It is difficult to predict how or whether regulatory agencies may apply existing or new regulation with respect to this technology and its applications. In addition, self-regulatory bodies may be established that set guidelines regarding cryptocurrencies, tokens like the Portfolio Crypto Assets, which could have similar effects to new policies adopted by government bodies.

Any future regulatory actions applicable to the Portfolio Crypto Assets, the blockchain networks underlying them, the Shares, and our related activities could severely impact us, and the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares. It could also result in negative publicity. Regulatory change could even potentially result in certain operations of our operations being viewed as impermissible, which could negatively affect the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares. If the Sponsor determines not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, the Sponsor may terminate the Trust, and any such termination could result in the liquidation of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.

Cryptocurrency networks, blockchain technologies, and coin and token offerings also face an uncertain regulatory landscape in many foreign jurisdictions, including (among others) the European Union, China and Russia. Various foreign jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares. The effect of any future regulatory change is impossible to predict, but any change could be substantial and materially adverse to the adoption and value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

 

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New or changing laws and regulations or interpretations of existing laws and regulations, in the United States and other jurisdictions, may materially and adversely impact the Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares, including with respect to their value, their liquidity, the ability to access marketplaces or exchanges on which to trade the Portfolio Crypto Assets, and the structure, rights and transferability of Portfolio Crypto Assets.

The Trust is not registered as a money transmitter or money services business, and our operations may be adversely affected if it is required to do so.

The Sponsor and the Trust believe that the Trust is not a money transmitter or money services business. If it is deemed to be money transmitter and/or money services business, the Trust would be subject to significant additional regulation and costs. This could lead to significant changes with respect to operations of the Trust, and suspensions of operations. It could also lead to a decrease in the value of the Shares.

Shareholders in the Trust do not have the protections associated with ownership of interests in an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, even while our company is subject to the risk of possibly becoming an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

The Investment Company Act is designed to protect investors by preventing insiders from managing investment companies to their benefit and to the detriment of public investors, such as: the issuance of securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; the management of investment companies by irresponsible persons; the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing earnings and asset value; changes in the character of investment companies without the consent of investors; and excessive leveraging. To accomplish these ends, the Investment Company Act requires the safekeeping and proper valuation of fund assets, restricts greatly transactions with affiliates, limits leveraging, and imposes governance requirements as a check on fund management. The Trust is not subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act and therefore is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Consequently, Shareholders in the Trust do not have the regulatory protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies.

To the extent that cryptocurrencies are deemed to fall within the definition of a security for U.S. securities laws purposes, Bitwise and the Trust may be required to register and comply with additional regulation under the Investment Company Act. Such additional regulation may result in extraordinary costs to the Trust and Bitwise, thereby materially and adversely impacting the value of the Trust. If Bitwise determines in its sole discretion not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, it may terminate the Trust. Any such termination could result in the liquidation of the Trust’s cryptocurrency portfolio at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders in the Trust.

Registration under the Investment Company Act would require the Trust to comply with a variety of substantive requirements that impose, among other things:

 

   

limitations on capital structure;

 

   

restrictions on specified investments;

 

   

restrictions on leverage or senior securities;

 

   

restrictions on unsecured borrowings;

 

   

prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and

 

   

compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly increase the Trust’s operating expenses.

If the Trust was required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, the Trust could be prohibited from engaging in its business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against the Trust, Sponsor or any

 

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of their affiliates. Registration with the SEC as an investment company would be costly, would subject the Trust to a host of complex regulations and would divert attention from the conduct of the Trust’s business, which could materially and adversely affect the Trust.

In addition, the Trust will not be subject to the various statutory and SEC regulatory requirements applicable to registered investment companies. For example, the Trust is not required to maintain custody of its securities or place its securities in the custody of a bank or a member of a U.S. securities exchange in the manner required of registered investment companies under rules promulgated by the SEC. The Trust generally will maintain such accounts at brokerage or custodial firms that do not separately segregate such assets as would be required in the case of registered investment companies. Under the provisions of the U.S. Securities Investor Protection Act, the bankruptcy of any such brokerage firms might have a greater adverse effect on the Trust than registered investment companies. It is possible in the future that the regulatory environment for hedge funds and their Sponsors could change. This could result in new laws or regulations that could, for example, impose restrictions on the operation of the Trust and its affiliates; impose disclosure or other obligations on those entities; or restrict the offering, sale or transfer of Shares. Accordingly, any such laws or regulations could adversely affect the investment performance of the Trust or its access to additional capital, create additional costs and expenses for the Trust or otherwise have an adverse impact on the Trust.

The Shares are not insured by any governmental or private agency and the Trust is not regulated or subject to examination in the same manner as commercial banks and thrift institutions.

The Shares offered hereby are not insured by any governmental or private agency, and they are not guaranteed by any public or private entity other than the Trust. Likewise, the Trust is not regulated or subject to examination in the same manner as commercial banks and thrift institutions.

The Trust is not a commercial bank or savings/thrift institution. The Trust is dependent upon proceeds from the acquisition and management of the Trust’s portfolio to make distributions to the Trust’s Shareholders and to conduct their ongoing operations. The Trust’s revenues from operations, including the acquisition, servicing and management of its portfolio and the Trust’s working capital represent the sources of funds for distributions to the Trust’s Shareholders.

The Sponsor may be required to provide certain information in order to comply with anti-money laundering requirements and public disclosure obligations.

In response to increased regulatory concerns by U.S. and international authorities with respect to the sources of funds used in investments activities, the Sponsor may request Shareholders to provide additional documentation verifying, among other things, such Shareholders’ identity and source of funds used to purchase Shares. The Sponsor may decline to accept a subscription if this information is not provided or on the basis of such information provided. Requests for documentation and additional information may be made at any time during which a Shareholder holds Shares in the Trust. The Sponsor may be required to provide this information, or report the failure to comply with requests for such information, to appropriate governmental authorities, in certain circumstances without notifying Shareholders that the information has been provided. Each of the Sponsor and the Trust will take steps that it determines are necessary to comply with applicable law, regulations, orders, directives or special measures, which may include prohibiting a Shareholder from making further contributions of capital to the Trust, depositing distributions to which a Shareholder would otherwise be entitled in an escrow account or causing the redemption of all or any portion of a Shareholder’s Shares.

Further, the Trust may be required to disclose confidential information relating to the Trust, the Trust’s investments, the Trust’s financial results and the Trust’s Shareholders to third parties that may request such information if and to the extent required by federal, state or local law or regulation or the laws or regulations of any other jurisdiction applicable to the Trust or any of the Trust’s Shareholders, including any Shareholders that are public agencies or governmental bodies. There can be no assurance that such information will not be

 

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disclosed either publicly or to regulators, or otherwise. In addition, in order to comply with regulations and policies to which the Trust, the Sponsor or service providers (including financial institutions) are or may become subject, or to satisfy regulatory or other requirements in connection with transactions, the Trust or the Sponsor may be required to disclose information about Shareholders, including their identities. Such disclosure obligations may adversely affect certain Shareholders, particularly Shareholders who are not otherwise subject to public disclosure of information relating to the private holdings of funds in which they invest.

If regulatory changes or interpretations of the Trust’s or the Sponsor’s activities require the regulation of the Trust or the Sponsor as a money service business under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act or as a money transmitter or digital asset business under state regimes for the licensing of such businesses, the Trust or the Sponsor may be required to register and comply with such regulations, which could result in extraordinary, recurring and/or nonrecurring expenses to the Trust or Sponsor, thereby reducing the liquidity of the Shares.

To the extent that the activities of the Trust cause it to be deemed a “money transmitter” under the regulations promulgated by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, the Trust may be required to comply with FinCEN regulations, including those that would mandate the Trust to implement anti-money laundering programs, make certain reports to FinCEN and maintain certain records. Such additional regulatory obligations may cause the Trust to incur extraordinary expenses, possibly affecting an investment in the Shares in a material and adverse manner. Additionally, certain states require virtual currency businesses to register on the state level as money transmitters. Similarly, the activities of the Trust or the Sponsor may require it to be licensed as a money transmitter or as a digital asset business, such as under NYDFS’ BitLicense scheme.

Such additional regulatory obligations may cause the Trust or the Sponsor to incur extraordinary expenses. If the Trust or the Sponsor decide to seek the required licenses, there is no guarantee that they will timely receive them. The Sponsor may decide to terminate the Trust in response to the changed regulatory circumstances, and possibly at a time that is disadvantageous to the Shareholders. Additionally, to the extent the Trust or the Sponsor is found to have operated without appropriate state or federal licenses, it may be subject to investigation, administrative or court proceedings, and civil or criminal monetary fines and penalties, all of which would harm the reputation of the Trust or the Sponsor, decrease the liquidity, and have a material adverse effect on the price of, the Shares.

We may be subject to a variety of foreign laws and regulations that involve matters central to our business.

We may also subject to a variety of foreign laws and regulations that involve matters central to our business. These could include, for example, regulations related to privacy, blockchain technology, data protection, and intellectual property, among others. In certain cases, foreign laws may be more restrictive than those in the United States. Although we believe we are operating in compliance with the laws of jurisdictions in which we operate, foreign laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate. As a result, cryptocurrency networks, blockchain technologies, and coin and token offerings such as those we are involved in face an uncertain regulatory landscape in many foreign jurisdictions, including but not limited to the European Union, China and Russia. Other foreign jurisdictions may also, in the near future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

While we believe that we are in compliance with the laws that apply to us as we understand them, the growth of our business and its expansion outside of the United States may increase the potential of violating foreign laws or our own internal policies and procedures. The risk of us being found in potential violation of applicable laws and regulations is further increased by the fact that many of them are open to a variety of interpretations given the absence of formal interpretation by regulatory authorities or the courts.

 

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Any action brought against us by a foreign regulator or in a private action based on foreign law could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of the business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any laws and regulations, we may be subject to penalties associated with the violation, including civil and criminal penalties, damages and fines; we could be required to refund payments received by us; and we could be required to curtail or cease operations. Any of these consequences could seriously harm our business and financial results. In addition, existing and proposed laws and regulations can be costly to comply with and can delay or impede the development of new products, result in negative publicity, increase operating costs, require significant management time and attention, and subject us to claims or other remedies, including fines or demands that we modify or cease existing business practices. Any applicable foreign laws, regulations or directives may also conflict with those of the United States. The effect of any future regulatory change is impossible to predict, but any change could be substantial and materially adverse to the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares.

We may withhold certain information otherwise to be provided to a Shareholder under certain circumstances in order to prevent public disclosure of such information under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act.

The Sponsor may withhold all or any part of the information otherwise to be provided to a Shareholder (pursuant to the Trust Agreements or otherwise) under certain circumstances in order to prevent public disclosure of such information under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), any governmental public records access law, any state or other jurisdiction’s laws similar in intent or effect to FOIA, or any other similar statutory or regulatory requirement. Shareholders may be adversely impacted by such withholding of information, as they will not be able to monitor their investments in the Trust as closely as if there were no withholding of such information.

Shareholders should carefully consider certain consequences under ERISA and the Code.

The following section sets forth certain consequences under ERISA and the Code which a fiduciary of an “employee benefit plan” as defined in and subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA, or of a “plan” as defined in and subject to Section 4975 of the Code, who has investment discretion should consider before deciding to invest the plan’s assets in the Trust (such “employee benefit plans” and “plans” being referred to herein as a “Plan,” and such fiduciaries with investment discretion being referred to herein as a “Plan Fiduciary”). The following summary is not intended to be complete, but only to address certain questions under ERISA and the Code that are likely to be raised by the Plan Fiduciary’s own counsel. Each Shareholder that is a Plan and the corresponding Plan Fiduciary, should consider the matters described in this section in determining whether to invest in the Trust. The Sponsor intends to operate the Trust such that less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total interests are held by “benefit plan investors” as defined below. The provisions of ERISA are complex and their application to an investment in the Trust should be reviewed by the appropriate representatives of any Shareholder that is a Plan.

EACH INVESTOR CONSIDERING ACQUIRING SHARES IN THE TRUST MUST CONSULT ITS OWN LEGAL AND TAX ADVISERS BEFORE DOING SO.

Shareholders should consider certain fiduciary matters and prohibited transactions.

In considering an investment in the Trust of a portion of the assets of any Plan and any entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of an investment in such entity by a Plan (a “benefit plan investor”), a Plan Fiduciary should consider, among other factors, (i) whether the investment is allowed by the documents governing the underlying Plan and related trust; (ii) whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA, if applicable, to minimize the risk of large losses; (iii) whether the investment provides sufficient liquidity to permit benefit payments to be made as they become due; (iv) whether the investment can meet any requirement that the Plan Fiduciary annually value the assets of the underlying plan; (v) whether the investment is a prudent investment for the Plan, since there is a high degree of

 

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risk in purchasing interests in the Trust and it is not expected that there will be any public market in which the interests may be sold or otherwise disposed of; (vi) whether the investment is being made for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to participants and their beneficiaries; and (vii) whether an investment in the Trust will result in a transaction prohibited by Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.

ERISA and the Code prohibit Plan Fiduciaries from engaging in various transactions (“prohibited transactions”) involving plan assets with persons who have certain relationships with respect to the Plan, such as other plan fiduciaries (a “party in interest”). Thus, for example, absent an exemption, the Plan Fiduciaries should not purchase interests in the Trust with assets of any Plan if the Sponsor or any of its affiliates or any of their respective employees either: (i) has investment discretion with respect to such Plan assets; or (ii) has the authority or responsibility to give or regularly gives individualized investment advice with respect to such plan assets, for a fee, where there is an understanding that it will serve as the primary basis for the investment decisions made with respect to such plan assets and that such advice will be based on the particular investment needs of the Plan; or (iii) is an employer maintaining or contributing to such Plan. A party that is described in clause (i) or (ii) of the preceding sentence is a fiduciary under ERISA and the Code with respect to the Plan, and any such purchase might result in a “prohibited transaction” under ERISA and the Code.

If the underlying assets of the Trust were deemed to be “Plan Assets” under ERISA, that could have certain negative consequences.

If the underlying assets of the Trust (as opposed to interests in the Trust alone) were deemed to be “plan assets” under ERISA, (i) the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of Title I of ERISA would extend to investments made by the Trust; and (ii) certain transactions in which the Trust might seek to engage could constitute prohibited transactions.

Under a regulation (the “Plan Assets Regulation”) issued by the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”), the assets and properties of certain entities in which a Plan makes an equity investment (other than an investment in a publicly offered security or a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act) would be deemed to be assets of the investing Plan unless, among other exceptions, equity participation by “benefit plan investors” is less than 25% of any class of equity of the entity. Shares in the Trust will be neither publicly offered nor securities issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, within the meaning of the Plan Assets Regulation, and, although the Sponsor intends that less than 25% of the total interests are held by benefit plan investors, it is possible that benefit plan investors may purchase 25% or more of the interests in the Trust.

If the underlying assets of the Trust were deemed to be “Plan Assets” under ERISA and a non-exempt prohibited transaction were to occur, that could have certain negative consequences.

If the Trust’s assets were deemed to constitute “plan assets” subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code and a non-exempt prohibited transaction were to occur, then the Sponsor, as a fiduciary and “party in interest,” and any other “party in interest” that engaged in the prohibited transaction could be required (i) to restore to the Plan any profit realized on the transaction and (ii) to reimburse the Plan for any losses suffered by the Plan as a result of such transaction. In addition, each “party in interest” involved could be subject to an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved in the prohibited transaction for each year such transaction continues and, unless such transaction were corrected within statutorily required periods, to an additional tax of 100%. Plan Fiduciaries who make the decision to invest in an interest in the Trust could, under certain circumstances, be liable as co-fiduciaries for actions taken by the Trust or the Sponsor. Furthermore, unless appropriate administrative exemptions were available or were obtained, the Trust could be restricted from acquiring an otherwise desirable investment or from entering into an otherwise favorable transaction, if such acquisition or transaction would constitute a “prohibited transaction.”

Except as otherwise set forth, the foregoing statements regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of an investment in the Trust are based on the provisions of the Code and ERISA as currently in effect, and the

 

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existing administrative and judicial interpretations thereunder. No assurance can be given that administrative, judicial or legislative changes will not occur that may make the foregoing statements incorrect or incomplete.

ALLOWING AN INVESTMENT IN THE TRUST IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS A REPRESENTATION BY THE SPONSOR OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, AGENTS OR EMPLOYEES THAT THIS INVESTMENT MEETS SOME OR ALL OF THE RELEVANT LEGAL REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENTS BY ANY PARTICULAR PLAN OR THAT THIS INVESTMENT IS APPROPRIATE FOR ANY SUCH PARTICULAR PLAN. THE PERSON WITH INVESTMENT DISCRETION SHOULD CONSULT WITH THE PLAN’S ATTORNEY AND FINANCIAL ADVISERS AS TO THE PROPRIETY OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE TRUST IN LIGHT OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PARTICULAR PLAN, CURRENT TAX LAW AND ERISA.

The Shareholder may be subject to certain U.S. federal income tax risks.

It is anticipated that the Trust will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each Shareholder must take into account its allocable share of the partnership items of the Trust. The Trust, like all entities classified as partnerships for federal tax purposes, is subject to a risk of audit by the Internal Revenue Service (“Service”). Any adjustments made to the Trust’s information returns produced by such an audit might result in adjustments to the Shareholder’s tax returns, with respect not only to items related to the Trust, but also to unrelated items. Furthermore, federal, state and local tax laws are subject to change, and Shareholders could incur substantial tax liabilities as a result of changes thereto. Finally, various aspects of income taxation, including federal, state and local taxation and the alternative minimum tax, produce tax effects that can vary based on each taxpayer’s particular circumstances. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.

We intend to continue to prorate our items of income, gain, loss and deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes between transferors and transferees of our Shares on a weekly basis, instead of on the basis of the date a particular Share is transferred. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction among our Shareholders.

We intend to continue to prorate our items of income, gain, loss and deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes between transferors and transferees of our Shares on a weekly basis, instead of on the basis of the date a particular Share is transferred. The use of this proration method may not be permitted under existing Treasury regulations that provide for semi-monthly and monthly simplifying conventions and do not specifically authorize the use of the proration method we will adopt. If the IRS were to challenge this method or new Treasury regulations were issued, we may be required to change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction among our Shareholders. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Entity Classification and Partnership Taxation—Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees” and “——Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for additional discussion regarding tax considerations generally.

Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors to determine the tax effects of an investment in the Trust, especially in light of their particular financial situations.

The Trust may, but is not required to, make distributions to Shareholders. Therefore, a Shareholder should not rely on distributions from the Trust to cover the Shareholder’s tax liability associated therewith, if any. Instead, a Shareholder will generally be required realize the value of its investment in the Trust based on the value of any freely tradeable Shares sold on the OTCQX.

The Service could challenge the deductibility of expenses the Trust (directly or indirectly) incurs.

The Service could challenge the deductibility of expenses the Trust (directly or indirectly) incurs, including the Management Fee, for several reasons, including that those expenses constitute capital expenditures that, among other things, should be added to the Trust’s cost of acquiring its investments and amortized over a period of time or held in suspense until the Trust liquidates or dissolves.

 

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The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in the Trust may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time and any such action may affect investments and commitments previously made.

The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in the Trust may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time and any such action may affect investments and commitments previously made. The overall impact of recent major changes to the Code enacted by the U.S. Congress remains uncertain. The U.S. federal income tax rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Service and the Treasury Department, resulting from time to time in the adoption of new Treasury regulations or changes to the existing regulations, revised interpretations of established concepts, as well as statutory changes. The Service currently treats virtual currencies as property for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such treatment may be subject to modification or changes. In addition, the Service recently released additional guidance to the effect that hard forks, airdrops and similar occurrences with respect to digital currencies will under certain circumstances be treated as taxable events giving rise to ordinary income, however, there continues to be uncertainty with respect to the timing and amount of the income inclusions. Any changes in the U.S. federal tax laws or interpretations thereof could adversely affect the tax treatment of an investment in the Trust. Congress constantly scrutinizes the U.S. federal income tax treatment of private investment funds and hedge funds, and there can be no assurance that legislation will not be enacted that has an unfavorable effect on a Shareholder’s investment in the Trust.

The Trust may experience adverse tax consequences.

While the Trust is advised in tax matters by its accountants, the Service may not accept the tax positions taken by the Trust.

The Trust may experience audit risk.

The Service could audit the Trust and adjustments to the Trust’s tax returns could occur as a result. Any such adjustment could result in the Trust paying additional tax, interest and penalties, as well as incremental accounting and legal expenses.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the global economy and our operations remains uncertain. A continuation or worsening of the pandemic could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition and on the market price of our Shares.

On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. In an effort to contain and mitigate the spread of COVID-19, many countries, including the United States, Canada and China, have imposed travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and limitations on business activity. These measures have, among other things, restricted certain sectors of global economic activity, significantly increased unemployment and underemployment, and has negatively impacted certain sectors of the U.S. and global economy. Although some restrictive measures have been eased in certain areas, many of the restrictive measures remain in place or have been reinstated, and in some cases additional restrictive measures are being implemented. While our operations have not been materially affected at this point, uncertainty remains as to the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and on the global economy as a whole. As a result, it is possible that there could be negative consequences of COVID-19 on the Trust and our operations that we cannot currently anticipate. Any such consequences could have material negative consequences for the value of the Shares and the Trust.

 

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Item 2. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” or in other sections of this Annual Report.

Trust Overview

The Trust is a Delaware Statutory Trust that issues units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in the form of Shares, which represent ownership in the Trust. The Trust was initially formed as a Delaware limited liability company on September 18, 2017 and commenced operations on November 22, 2017. On May 1, 2020, the Trust converted from a limited liability company to a Delaware statutory trust. In connection with the corporate action, units in the limited liability company were converted into Shares of the Trust. All shareholders of “investor class” units received 10 Shares for each unit owned prior to the corporate action date, and all shareholders of “institutional class” units received 10.12602229 Shares for each unit owned prior to the corporate action date.

Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC is the Sponsor of the Trust. The Sponsor maintains a corporate website, www.bitwiseinvestments.com, which contains general information about the Trust and the Sponsor. The reference to our website is an interactive textual reference only, and the information contained on our website shall not be deemed incorporated by reference herein.

The purpose of the Trust is to make it easier for an investor to invest in the cryptocurrency market as a whole, without having to pick specific tokens, manage a portfolio, and constantly monitor ongoing news and developments. Although the Shares are not be the exact equivalent of a direct investment in cryptocurrencies, they provide investors with an alternative that constitutes a relatively cost-effective, professionally managed way to participate in cryptocurrency markets. The Trust holds a Portfolio of cryptocurrencies, referred to as the Portfolio Crypto Assets.

In furtherance of this objective, the activities of the Trust include (i) issuing Shares in exchange for subscriptions, (ii) selling or buying Portfolio Crypto Assets in connection with monthly rebalancing, (iii) selling Portfolio Crypto Assets as necessary to cover the Management Fee (as defined below) and/or any Organizational Expenses (as defined below), (iv) causing the Sponsor to sell Portfolio Crypto Assets upon any potential future termination of the Trust, and (v) engaging in all administrative and security procedures necessary to accomplish such activities in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement, and the Custodian Agreement (as defined below).

The Trust’s principal investment objective is to invest in a portfolio of cryptocurrencies that tracks the Bitwise 10 Large Cap Crypto Index (the “Index”) as closely as possible with certain exceptions determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. The Trust and the Sponsor have entered into a limited, non-exclusive, revocable license agreement with Bitwise Index Services, LLC (the “Index Provider”), an affiliate of the Trust that is controlled by the same parent entity as the Sponsor, at no cost to the Trust or the Sponsor allowing the Trust to use the Index for the purpose of using as the benchmark index for the Trust (the “License Agreement”).

The Index tracks a basket of cryptocurrencies that represents the majority of cryptocurrencies by market capitalization. At its inception on October 1, 2017, the cryptocurrencies in the Index represented about 83% of all cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, and represented approximately 75% as of December 31, 2020. The Index is comprised of the top 10 coins selected and weighted by inflation adjusted market capitalization (the “Index Components”). The Index is rebalanced monthly. Additional eligibility criteria are applied to screen

 

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coins for investment feasibility, to ensure the integrity of the coins selected to comprise the Index, and to appropriately account for one-off events. As a result, the ten coins in the Index may not always completely match the top 10 coins on popular websites like CoinMarketCap.com that do not include such screening. The Index Provider may make changes to the Index as well as the criteria used to develop the Index at any time in its sole discretion. The Index is calculated daily and rebalanced monthly.

In furtherance of this objective, the activities of the Trust include issuing Shares in exchange for subscriptions. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, has the authority to conduct all activities necessary to support the Trust’s activities including: (i) issuing Shares in exchange for Subscriptions, (ii) buying Portfolio Crypto Assets in connection with new Share subscriptions; (iii) selling or buying Portfolio Crypto Assets in connection with monthly rebalancing, (iv) selling Portfolio Crypto Assets as necessary to cover the expenses of the Trust, (v) subject to the Sponsor’s recommendation and obtaining regulatory approval from the SEC, selling Portfolio Crypto Assets in exchange for Shares surrendered for redemption, (vi) causing the Sponsor to sell Portfolio Crypto Assets upon any potential future termination of the Trust, and (vii) engaging in all administrative and security procedures necessary to accomplish such activities in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement, and the Custodian Agreement. In addition, the Trust may engage in any lawful activity necessary or desirable in order to facilitate these activities, provided that such activities do not conflict with the terms of the Trust Agreement. When possible, the Sponsor also strives to generate additional return by capitalizing on airdrops and proof of stake opportunities for Shareholders of the Trust. Airdrops are a practice wherein an entity associated with a public blockchain offers free coins of that blockchain to owners of a different cryptocurrency, often in proportion to their holdings, as a means of motivating them to try the blockchain. Proof of Stake (different from the common Proof of Work algorithm) is a consensus protocol whereby individuals can lock up their coins to process transactions and in return earn rewards, often additional coins— a mechanism referred to as “staking.”

Management Fee

The Sponsor charges the Trust a Management Fee payable monthly, in arrears, in an amount equal to 2.5% per annum (1/12th of 2.5% per month) of the net asset value of the Trust’s assets at the end of each month.

The Sponsor is responsible for paying for almost all ordinary administrative and overhead expenses of managing the Trust, including payment of rent, custody charges or flat rate fees for holding the Trust’s assets charged by the Custodian and customary fees and expenses of the Trustee, Administrator and Auditor (including costs incurred for appraisal or valuation expenses associated with the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements, tax returns and other similar reports and excluding indemnification and extraordinary costs). The Sponsor also pays for all expenses associated with the operation of the Trust, including for example, fees associated with quotation of the Shares on the OTCQX, registration with the SEC, and fees associated with retaining and maintaining the Transfer Agent.

Shareholder Subscriptions

The minimum initial subscription amount is $25,000 and an existing Shareholder may make additional subscriptions in a minimum amount of $10,000, subject in all cases to increase, decrease and waiver of such requirements by the Sponsor in its sole discretion.

The Trust generally accepts initial and additional subscriptions (a) weekly on Wednesdays, (b) the first business day after any Wednesday on which banking institutions in the State of California are closed for business or (c) on such other dates as the Sponsor may determine in its sole discretion. Subscriptions may be paid for in-kind subject to acceptance by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. Each investor who seeks to subscribe for Shares is required to execute a subscription agreement pursuant to which the investor will agree to be bound by the Trust Agreement and other Trust documentation. The Trust may, however, halt the acceptance of additional Subscriptions for extended periods of time in its sole discretion.

 

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No fractional Shares will be issued, and any fractional Share that a Shareholder would otherwise be entitled to receive that is less than 0.5 Share shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Share and any such fractional Share equal to or greater than 0.5 Share shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Share; provided, however, that any such rounding up or down will not change the price per Share or contribution payable with respect to such Shares as determined in accordance with the Trust Agreement.

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Trust is an investment company and follows the specialized accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC” or “Codification”) Topic 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies.

U.S. GAAP contains no authoritative guidance related to the accounting for digital assets. As a result, transactions of digital assets have been accounted for analogizing to existing accounting standards that management believes are appropriate to the circumstances. There can be no certainty as to when the FASB or other standards setter will issue accounting standards for digital assets, if at all.

Pursuant to the Statement of Cash Flows Topic of the Codification, the Trust qualifies for an exemption from the requirement to provide a statement of cash flows and has elected not to provide a statement of cash flows.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash

Cash represents cash deposits held at financial institutions. Cash in a bank deposit account, at times, may exceed U.S. federally insured limits. The Trust has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on such bank deposits.

Investments and Valuation

The Trust’s investments in digital assets are stated at fair value. Digital assets are generally valued using prices as reported on reputable and liquid exchanges and may involve utilizing an average of bid and ask quotes using closing prices provided by such exchanges as of the date and time of determination (described below). Factors such as the recent stability of the exchange, current liquidity of the exchange, and recent price activity of an exchange will be considered as to the determination of which exchanges to utilize. The time used is 16:00 ET which corresponds to 20:00 UTC during Daylight Savings Time and 21:00 UTC during non-Daylight Savings Time. The Sponsor’s Valuation Policy provides a listing of preferred exchanges. While some digital assets are valued based on prices reported in the public markets, other digital assets may be more thinly-traded or subject to irregular trading activity. Determinations on the value of certain digital assets, and how to value such assets as to which limited prices or quotations are available, are based on the Sponsor’s recommendations or instructions.

Digital asset transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses from digital asset transactions are determined using the identified cost method. Any change in net unrealized gain or loss is reported in the statement of operations. Commissions and other trading fees are reflected as an adjustment to cost or proceeds at the time of the transaction.

 

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The Trust generally records receipt of a new digital asset created due to a hard fork at the time the hard fork is effective. The Trust’s methodology for determining effectiveness of the fork is when two or more recognized exchanges quote prices for the forked coin. Some exchanges and custodians do not honor hard forks or may honor hard forks in the future. In such cases, the Trust will record receipt of the new digital asset at the time two or more recognized exchanges begin quoting prices for the asset.

Although the Trust records the asset into its books and records at the time the fork is effective, as described above, the Trust’s Custodian (defined below) may take an extended period of time to make the forked asset available for transfer, and it may never make the forked asset available for transfer, which could lead to either the Trust holding the asset longer than it would otherwise hold the asset (if it was freely transferrable), or a complete write-down in the value of the forked asset. The Trust does not allocate any of the original digital asset’s cost to the new digital asset and recognizes unrealized gains equal to the fair value of the new digital asset received.

The Trust regularly receives “airdrops” of new digital assets. The use of airdrops is generally to promote the launch and use of new digital assets by providing a small amount of such new digital assets to the private wallets or exchange accounts that support the new digital asset and that hold existing related digital assets. Unlike hard forks, airdropped digital assets can have substantially different blockchain technology that has no relation to any existing digital asset, and many airdrops may be without value. The Trust records receipt of airdropped digital assets when received if there is value to the Trust in doing so. Digital assets received from airdrops have no cost basis and the Trust recognizes unrealized gains equal to the fair value of the new digital asset received.

Income Taxes

The Trust is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Trust does not record a provision for U.S. federal, U.S. state or local income taxes because the Shareholders report their share of the Trust’s income or loss on their income tax returns. The Trust files an income tax return in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and may file income tax returns in various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions.

The Trust is required to determine whether its tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained on examination by the applicable taxing authority, based on the technical merits of the position. Tax positions not deemed to meet a more likely than not threshold would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Trust has determined that no provision for income taxes is required and no liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been recorded. The Trust does not expect that its assessment related to unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next 12 months. However, the Trust’s conclusions may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions; compliance with U.S. federal, U.S. state, and tax laws of jurisdictions in which the Trust operates in; and changes in the administrative practices and precedents of the relevant authorities.

Fair Value Measurements

The Trust carries its investments at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value investments are not adjusted for transaction costs.

In determining fair value, the Trust uses various valuation approaches. A fair value hierarchy for inputs is used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs are to be used when available. The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:

Level 1 – Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Trust has the ability to access.

 

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Level 2 – Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. These inputs may include (a) quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, (b) quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, (c) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset, or (d) inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of valuation techniques and observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and are affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of investment, whether the investment is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets, and other characteristics particular to the transaction.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following summarizes the Trust’s assets accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2020.

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets

           

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

   $  —        $ 374,017,545      $  —        $ 374,017,545  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following summarizes the Trust’s assets accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2019.

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets

           

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

   $  —        $ 21,691,233      $  —        $ 21,691,233  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

Digital Assets

Digital assets are loosely regulated and there is no central marketplace for currency exchange. Supply is determined by a computer code, not by a central bank, and prices have been extremely volatile. Digital asset exchanges have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Any of the Trust’s assets that reside on an exchange that shuts down may be lost. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $759,000 and $105,000 resided on exchanges, respectively.

Several factors may affect the price of digital assets, including, but not limited to: supply and demand, investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, interest rates, currency exchange rates or future regulatory measures (if any) that restrict the trading of digital assets or the use of digital assets as a form of payment. There is no assurance that digital assets will maintain their long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future, or that acceptance of digital asset payments by mainstream retail merchants and commercial businesses will continue to grow.

Digital Asset Regulation

As digital assets have grown in popularity and market size, various countries and jurisdictions have begun to develop regulations governing the digital assets industry. To the extent that future regulatory actions or policies limit the ability to exchange digital assets or utilize them for payments, the demand for digital assets will be reduced. Furthermore, regulatory actions may limit the ability of end-users to convert digital assets into fiat currency (e.g., U.S. dollars) or use digital assets to pay for goods and services. Such regulatory actions or policies would result in a reduction of demand, and in turn, a decline in the underlying digital asset unit prices.

 

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The effect of any future regulatory change on the Trust or digital assets in general is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Trust and the value of the Trust’s investments in digital assets.

Custody of Digital Assets

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC (the “Custodian”) serves as the Trust’s Custodian for digital assets for which qualified custody is available. The Custodian is subject to change in the sole discretion of the Sponsor. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $373,259,000 and $21,487,000 were held by the Custodian, respectively.

Digital Asset Trading is Volatile and Speculative

Digital assets represent a speculative investment and involve a high degree of risk. Prices of digital assets have fluctuated widely for a variety of reasons including uncertainties in government regulation and may continue to experience significant price fluctuations. If digital asset markets continue to be subject to sharp fluctuations, Shareholders may experience losses as the value of the Trust’s investments decline. Even if Shareholders are able to hold their Shares in the Trust for the long-term, their Shares may never generate a profit, since digital asset markets have historically experienced extended periods of flat or declining prices, in addition to sharp fluctuations.

Control of Private Keys

Digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of a unique private cryptographic key controlling the address in which the digital asset is held. The theft, loss or destruction of a private key required to access a digital asset is irreversible, and such private keys would not be capable of being restored by the Trust. The loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store the Trust’s digital assets could result in the loss of the digital assets and an investor could incur substantial, or even total, loss of capital. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $0 and $100,000 were held in private wallets, respectively.

Over-the-Counter Transactions

Some of the markets in which the Trust may execute its transactions are “over-the-counter” or “interdealer” markets. The participants in such markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. This exposes the Trust to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Trust to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for digital assets where the Trust has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Trust is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. Moreover, the Trust has no internal credit function that evaluates the creditworthiness of its counterparties. The ability of the Trust to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the lack of any meaningful and independent evaluation of such counterparty’s financial capabilities and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Trust.

In-Kind Subscriptions

The Sponsor may, at its sole discretion, accept digital assets (“In-Kind Investments”) in lieu of, or in addition to, cash as payment for investment in the Trust. Such In-Kind Investments are valued using the same digital asset prices as per the Trust’s valuation policy at any given valuation date as of 4:00 pm EST on the date of the subscription. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Trust accepted In-Kind Investments from Shareholders of $99,779,732.

 

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Transactions in Cryptocurrencies May Be Irreversible

Transactions in digital assets may be irreversible, and, accordingly, losses due to fraudulent or accidental transactions may not be recoverable. If there is an error and a transaction occurs with the wrong account, to the extent that the Trust is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third-party or is incapable of identifying the third-party which has received the digital assets through error or theft, the Trust will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred digital assets. To the extent that the Trust is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could result in the total loss of a Shareholder’s investment in the Trust.

No FDIC or SIPC Protection

The Trust is not a banking institution or otherwise a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). Accordingly, deposits or assets held by the Trust are not subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with FDIC or SIPC member institutions. The Trust’s cryptocurrency custodians do however carry bespoke insurance policies related to the cryptocurrencies over which they provide custody.

The Trust must adapt to technological change in order to secure and safeguard client accounts. While management believes they have developed an appropriate proprietary security system reasonably designed to safeguard the Trust’s digital assets from theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and technological attack, such assessment is based upon known technology and threats. To the extent that the Trust is unable to identify and mitigate or stop new security threats, the Trust’s digital assets may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack, which could have a negative impact on the performance of the Trust or result in loss of the Trust’s digital assets.

Financial Reporting

As of the date of these financial statements, there is currently no specific authoritative accounting literature under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) which addresses the accounting for digital assets, including digital currencies. Certain non-authoritative sources have concluded that digital currencies should be accounted for as intangible assets, where the digital currency asset should be recorded at the lower of its original cost or fair value, whereby any recorded write-downs could not be recovered in the future. The Trust’s management has concluded that its digital currency assets should be valued at fair value, which is consistent with current practices of investment companies. In the event that specific authoritative accounting guidance were to be issued after the release of these financial statements and such guidance was inconsistent with management’s current accounting for its digital assets and a restatement would be determined to be required, any resulting restatement could have a significant impact on the Trust’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The timing of any such authoritative guidance, if issued at all, is not determinable as of the date of these financial statements.

Risks Associated With a Cryptocurrency Majority Control

Since cryptocurrencies are virtual and transactions in such currencies reside on distributed networks, governance of the underlying distributed network could be adversely altered should any individual or group obtain 51% control of the distributed network. Such control could have a significant adverse effect on either the ownership or value of the cryptocurrency.

Transaction Authentication

As of the date of these financial statements, the transfer of digital currency assets from one party to another typically relies on an authentication process by an outside party known as a miner. In exchange for compensation, the miner will authenticate the transfer of the currency through the solving of a complex algorithm

 

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known as a proof of work, or will vouch for the transfer through other means, such as a proof of stake. Effective transfers of and therefore realization of cryptocurrency, digital assets and tokens are dependent on interactions from these miners or forgers. In the event that there were a shortage of miners to perform this function, that shortage could have an adverse effect on either the fair value or realization of the cryptocurrency assets.

Review of Financial Results

Selected Financial Information for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Statement of Operations

 

     2020      2019  

Income

     

Redemption fee income

   $ —        $ 3,635  

Other income

     —          753  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Income

     —          4,388  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Expenses

     

Management fees

     1,875,116        555,041  

Transaction and other fees

     2,669        32  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Expenses

     1,877,785        555,073  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net investment loss

     (1,877,785 )       (550,685 ) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments

     

Net realized loss from digital assets

     (4,492,966      (3,276,792

Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation from digital assets

     160,763,043        9,323,791  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized and change in unrealized gain on investments

     156,270,077        6,046,999  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 154,392,292      $ 5,496,314  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Trust’s net income for the period ended December 31, 2020 was $154,392,292 compared to net gain of $5,496,314 for the period ended December 31, 2019. The primary factor that impacted 2020 net income compared to 2019 net income was a large change in the net realized and unrealized gain on investment in digital assets from a net gain of $6,046,999 in 2019 to $156,270,077 in 2020.

The primary factors for the change in net realized and unrealized gain on investment in digital assets during the period from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020 were an increase in the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets held by the Trust as a result of the fair market value of the Assets (see “Schedule of Investments” below) and new Shareholder subscriptions.

Value of Portfolio Crypto Assets

As described above in “Risk Factors—The value of the Trust’s cryptocurrencies are dependent, directly or indirectly, on prices established by cryptocurrency exchanges and other cryptocurrency trading venues, which are new and, in most cases, largely unregulated” and “Overview of the Digital Asset Industry,” the prices of the

 

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various Portfolio Crypto Assets held by the Trust are subject to extreme volatility. This volatility had a significant impact on the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets as of year-end 2020 compared to year end 2019.

As shown below in the “Schedules of Investments,” aside from the change in value of Portfolio Crypto Assets, the increase in total investments in digital assets from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020 was due primarily to an increase of approximately 8,373.092 units of Bitcoin and an increase of approximately 46,773.289 units of Ethereum, in addition to the number of units invested in the additional cryptocurrencies that comprise the Portfolio Crypto Assets, purchased in connection with Shareholder subscriptions for Shares, partially offset by the sale of various Portfolio Crypto Assets to pay the Management Fee and to fund redemptions.

Shareholder Subscriptions and Redemptions1

During the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, Shareholders subscribed for 746,509.27 Shares with an average net asset value as of December 31, 2019 of $7.52. During the same period, Shareholders redeemed 239,486.17 Shares. As a result, there were 3,416,265.31 Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019.

During the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, Shareholders subscribed for 11,985,739.55 Shares with an average net asset value as of December 31, 2020 of $17.2764. During the same period, Shareholders redeemed 269,912.45 Shares. As a result, there were approximately 15,132,240 Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020.

From January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the Trust took in $5,522,177 of subscriptions and processed $1,833,801 of redemptions. From January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, the Trust took in $199,474,452 of subscriptions and processed $2,277,884 of redemptions.

Schedules of Investments

The following provides details on the Portfolio Crypto Assets that comprise the Trust’s assets.

As of December 31, 2020

 

     Units      Fair Value      Percentage of
Shareholders’
Equity
 

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

        

Bitcoin

     10,784.1481      $ 314,622,645        84.29

Ethereum

     60,056.7369        44,737,961        11.99  

Other

        14,656,938        3.93  

Total investments in digital assets, at fair value
(cost $230,356,359)

        374,017,545        100.21

As of December 31, 2020, Bitcoin represented approximately 84.29% of the total Portfolio Crypto Assets held by the Trust. Ethereum represented 11.99%, while the remaining 3.93% of the Portfolio Crypto Assets were comprised of Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, Cardano, Chainlink, Stellar Lumens, Eos, Tezos, and Cosmos.

 

1 

The Share and average net asset value numbers presented in this section have been adjusted to reflect an approximately 10:1 stock split that occurred on May 1, 2020 in connection with the conversion of the Trust from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware statutory trust.

 

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As of December 31, 2019

 

     Units      Fair Value      Percentage of
Shareholders’
Equity
 

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

        

Bitcoin

     2,411.0565      $ 17,233,399        79.59

Ethereum

     13,283.4476        1,698,840        7.85  

Ripple

     5,863,859.8123        1,113,258        5.14  

Other

        1,645,736        7.6  

Total investments in digital assets, at fair value
(cost $38,793,090)

      $ 21,691,233        100.18

As of December 31, 2019, Bitcoin represented approximately 80% of the total Portfolio Crypto Assets held by the Trust, and Ethereum and Ripple represented 7.85% and 5.14%, respectively, while the remaining 7.6% of the Portfolio Crypto Assets were comprised of Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, EOS, Stellar Lumens, Tezos, Monero, Dash, and Cardano.

Historical Portfolio Crypto Asset Prices

The following provides an overview of the prices of the Portfolio Crypto Assets that comprised the majority of the Trust’s assets during the period from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2020. Bitwise calculates reference prices daily by averaging the prices from select trading venues.

Bitcoin

 

Period   Average     High     Date     Low     Date     End of Period     Date  

January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019

  $ 7,358.62     $ 13,827.07       06/26/2019     $ 3,361.18       02/07/2019     $ 7,147.65       12/31/2019  

January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020

  $ 11,107.74     $ 29,174.55       12/31/2020       4,962.38       03/16/2020       29,174.55       12/31/2020  

Ethereum

 

Period    Average      High      Date      Low      Date      End of Period      Date  

January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019

   $ 180.64      $ 350.55        06/26/2019      $ 103.42        02/7/2019      $ 127.89        12/31/2019  

January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020

   $ 307.13      $ 751.82        12/30/2020      $ 110.31        03/16/2020      $ 744.93        12/31/2020  

Ripple (“XRP”)2

 

Period    Average      High      Date      Low      Date      End of Period      Date  

January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019

   $ 0.31      $ 0.48        6/26/2019      $ 0.18        12/17/2019      $ 0.19        12/31/2019  

January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020

   $ 0.26      $ 0.71        11/24/2020      $ 0.14        03/16/2020      $ 0.22        12/31/2020  

 

 

2 

On December 22, 2020, the Trust elected to liquidate its position in the digital asset XRP after the SEC filed a complaint against XRP creator Ripple Labs Inc. and two of its executives, alleging that they failed to register XRP offers and sales, or satisfy any exemptions from registration.

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Trust is not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Cash Resources and Liquidity

The Trust generally holds only a very small cash balance, and is otherwise fully invested in order to maintain its investment objective of tracking the Index. When selling Portfolio Crypto Assets to pay the Management Fee, the Sponsor endeavors to sell an exact amount of Portfolio Crypto Assets needed in order to pay such expenses in order to minimize the Trust’s holdings of assets other than Portfolio Crypto Assets. As a consequence, the Sponsor expects the Trust will typically have a very small cash balance at each reporting period. Cash may also be held in the Trust after a Subscription from Shareholder is funded (or sent to the Trust’s bank account) but not yet invested in Portfolio Crypto Assets, or after a redemption from a redeeming Shareholder had been processed (e.g., by raising cash through the sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets) but not yet paid to the redeeming Shareholder.

As described above, in exchange for the Management Fee, the Sponsor is responsible for payment of almost all of the expenses incurred by the Trust. As a result, the only material ordinary expense of the Trust during the periods covered by this Registration Statement was the Management Fee. The Trust is not aware of any trends, demands, conditions or events that are reasonably likely to result in material changes to its liquidity needs.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Trust Agreement does not authorize the Trust to borrow for payment of the Trust’s ordinary expenses. The Trust does not engage in transactions in foreign fiat currencies which could expose the Trust or holders of Shares to any foreign fiat currency related market risk. The Trust does not invest in derivative financial instruments and has no foreign operations or long-term debt instruments.

 

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ITEM 3. PROPERTIES.

Principal Offices

The Trust is a passive entity with no operations, and the Sponsor administers and manages the Trust as described under “Description of the Trust.” The principal office of the Sponsor is located at 300 Brannan Street, Suite 201 San Francisco, CA 94107. The lease expires on June 30, 2021.

 

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Item 4. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.

The following is a list of the name, address and shareholdings of all persons beneficially owning more than five percent (5%) of the Trust’s Shares as of December 31, 2020. Due to the terms of the Trust Agreement, such Shareholders do not have any control or additional rights with respect to the operation of the Trust vis a vis the Trust’s other Shareholders. In addition, such Shareholders are not affiliated with the Trust, the Sponsor or Bitwise Asset Management in any capacity other than as a Shareholder in the Trust.

 

Shareholder Name

  

Address

  

Number of Shares

  

Percentage Ownership

  

Entity Control Persons

Electric Capital Venture Fund I, LP    855 El Camino Real, #13A-152 Palo Alto CA 94301    1,168,777    7.7%   

Avichal Garg

Curtis Spencer

Cumberland DRW LLC   

540 W Madison St,

Suite 2500

Chicago, IL 60661

   1,248,359    8.2%    Christopher Zuehlke

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.

As of December 31, 2020, the following purchases of Shares in the Trust were made by affiliates of the Trust:

 

   

Hunter Horsley, a Director and CEO of Bitwise Asset Management, and President of the Sponsor, owns 3,681 Shares in the Trust

 

   

Matthew Hougan, Chief Investment Officer of Bitwise Asset Management, owns 5,087 Shares in the Trust

 

   

Yulia Martignetti, the spouse of Freddie Martignetti, a Board Observer of Bitwise Asset Management, owns 1,240 Shares in the Trust.

 

   

Michael McLaughlin, Head of Business Development of Bitwise Asset Management, owns 1,020 Shares in the Trust.

 

   

Corey Mulloy, a director of Bitwise Asset Management, the parent company of the Trust’s Sponsor, owns 69,726 Shares in the Trust

 

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Item 5. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

The Sponsor

Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC is the Sponsor of the Trust, and has the sole responsibility for the implementation of the Trust’s investment strategy, in accordance with the Trust’s investment objectives, policies, and restrictions, pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust and the Sponsor. As described under “Description of the Trust—Bitwise Crypto Index Committee,” a committee selected by the Sponsor oversees Index methodology.

The Sponsor is neither an investment adviser registered with the SEC nor a commodity pool operator registered with the CFTC, and will not be acting in either such capacity with respect to the Trust, and the Sponsor’s provision of services to the Trust will not be governed by the Investment Advisers Act or the CEA.

Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitwise Asset Management, Inc. The Sponsor had 13 employees as of December 31, 2020.

The Sponsor’s Role

The Sponsor is generally responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Trust under the provisions of the Trust Agreement. This includes (i) preparing and providing periodic reports and financial statements on behalf of the Trust for Shareholders, (ii) processing orders for subscriptions and coordinating the processing of such orders, with the assistance of the Administrator (as defined below), (iii) calculating and publishing the Index, (iv) selecting and monitoring the Trust’s service providers and from time to time engaging additional, successor or replacement service providers, (v) instructing the Custodian to withdraw the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets as needed to pay Trust Expenses or Organizational Expenses, and (vi) upon any dissolution of the Trust, distributing the Trust’s remaining Portfolio Crypto Assets or the cash proceeds of the sale thereof to the owners of record of the Shares. In addition, upon the occurrence of hard forks or one-off events, the Sponsor will cause the Trust to follow the policies of the Index, or where there are none, will pursue an action intended to be in the interests of the Trust. When possible, the Sponsor also strives to generate additional return by capitalizing on “Network Distributions” like airdrops and proof of stake opportunities for Shareholders of the Trust.

The Sponsor does not store, hold, or maintain control of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets. The Trust has entered into the Custodian Agreement with the Custodian (the “Custodian Agreement”) to facilitate the security of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets. See “ —The Custodian” for additional information. See “The Sponsor may experience loss or theft of its Portfolio Crypto Assets during the transfer of Portfolio Crypto Assets from the Custodian to the Sponsor or to Crypto Asset trading venues.”

The Sponsor’s Management Fee is paid by the Trust as compensation for services performed under the Trust Agreement. See “ —Compensation, Fees, and Expenses.

Management of the Sponsor

The Trust does not have any directors, officers or employees. Under the Trust Agreement, all management functions of the Trust have been delegated to and are conducted by the Sponsor, its agents and its affiliates, including without limitation, the Custodian and its agents. As a result, the officers of the Sponsor may take certain actions and execute certain agreements and certifications for the Trust, in their capacity as the principal officers of the Sponsor. The following individuals are the officers of the Sponsor responsible for overseeing the business and operations of the Trust:

Hunter Horsley, 30, is the President and Treasurer of the Sponsor. Prior to joining Bitwise Asset Management, Inc., Mr. Horsley was a product manager at Facebook and Instagram leading efforts in monetization from 2015 to 2016. He graduated from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Science in Economics in 2015. Mr. Horsley took two years off of school from 2011-2013

 

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to be on the founding team of a technology Trust called Lore (formerly known as CourseKit) to assist in the development of an online learning tool incorporating social networking features. Lore raised over $6 million in equity, grew to 20 employees, and was sold to Noodle Education, Inc. in 2013. Horsley was named a member of Forbes’ 2019 “30 Under 30” list.

Paul “Teddy” Fusaro, 35, is the Chief Operating Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Sponsor. Prior to Bitwise, Mr. Fusaro was Senior Vice President and Head of Portfolio Management and Capital Markets at IndexIQ, the ETF issuer unit of New York Life Investment Management, a firm with over $550 billion in AUM, from 2013 to 2018. In this capacity he oversaw portfolio management, trading, and operations for a suite of alternative strategy Exchange Traded Funds, Mutual Funds, and Separately Managed Accounts. Prior to that, Mr. Fusaro was Vice President of Portfolio Management and co-head of Trading and Operations at Direxion Investments, a $13 billion AUM alternative ETF Sponsor, from 2009 to 2013. Earlier in his career, Mr. Fusaro spent time in both equity derivatives and credit derivatives at Goldman Sachs & Co.

Hong Kim, 30, is the Chief Technology Officer of the Sponsor. Prior to Bitwise, Mr. Kim was a student at the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated with Bachelor of Science in Computer Science in 2016. While at school, he also worked on Google’s backend infrastructure for Drive. From 2011-2013, Mr. Kim took time off from university to work in software security for the South Korean Military.

The following individuals are executive officers of Bitwise Management, Inc., the parent of the Sponsor:

 

   

Hunter Horsley is also the Chief Executive Officer of Bitwise and has served in such role since Bitwise’s inception in October 2016.

 

   

Paul “Teddy” Fusaro is also the President of Bitwise and has served in such capacity since April 2018.

 

   

Hong Kim is also the Chief Technology Officer of Bitwise and has served in such capacity since Bitwise’s inception.

 

   

Matt Hougan is the Chief Investment Officer for Bitwise, and has served at the firm since February 2018. Prior to Bitwise, Mr. Hougan was the Chief Executive Officer of Inside ETFs and Managing Director of Global Finance at Informa PLC, a FTSE 100 company. Before that, he was Chief Executive Officer of ETF.com, where he helped build the world’s first ETF data and analytics system, before the firm was sold in three separate transactions to FactSet, Informa, and BATS Global Markets. Mr. Hougan is a three-time member of the Barron’s ETF Roundtable and co-author of the CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) Institute’s monograph on ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) and research brief on cryptocurrencies. Hougan’s thoughts on investing have been widely profiled in the media, including in Barron’s, Bloomberg, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Institutional Investor, CNBC, and the Financial Times. He has been featured on Bloomberg’s “Masters of Business,” and is a regular guest on PBS’s Wealthtrack.

The Trustee

Delaware Trust Company will serve as Delaware trustee of the Trust under the Trust Agreement (the “Trustee”). The Trustee has its principal office at 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware 19808. The Trustee is unaffiliated with the Sponsor.

The Trustee’s Role

The Trustee is appointed to serve as the trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware for the purpose of satisfying the requirement of Section 3807(a) of the DSTA that the Trust have at least one trustee with a principal place of business in the State of Delaware. The duties of the Trustee will be limited to (i) accepting legal process served on the Trust in the State of Delaware, (ii) the execution of any certificates required to be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State which the Delaware Trustee is required to execute under the DSTA, (iii) maintaining all

 

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records necessary to form and maintain the existence of the Trust under the DSTA, and (iv) any other duties specifically allocated to the Trustee in the Trust Agreement. To the extent that, at law or in equity, the Trustee has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Trust or the Shareholders, such duties and liabilities will be replaced by the duties and liabilities of the Trustee expressly set forth in the Trust Agreement. The Trustee will have no obligation to supervise, nor will it be liable for, the acts or omissions of the Sponsor, the Custodian or any other person.

Neither the Trustee, either in its capacity as trustee on in its individual capacity, nor any director, officer or controlling person of the Trustee is, or has any liability as, the issuer, director, officer or controlling person of the issuer of Shares. The Trustee’s liability in connection with the issuance and sale of Shares is limited solely to the express obligations of the Trustee as set forth in the Trust Agreement.

The Trustee has not prepared or verified, and will not be responsible or liable for, any information, disclosure or other statement in this Annual Report or in any other document issued or delivered to you. The Trust Agreement provides that the Trustee will not be responsible or liable for the form, character, genuineness, enforceability, collectability, value, validity, sufficiency, location or existence of any of the Portfolio Crypto Assets or other assets of the Trust.

The Trustee is permitted to resign upon at least sixty (60) days’ notice to the Sponsor. The Trustee will be compensated by the Sponsor and shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Sponsor or an Affiliate of the Sponsor (including the Trust) against any expenses it incurs relating to or arising out of the formation, operation or termination of the Trust, or the performance of its duties pursuant to the Trust Agreement except to the extent that such expenses result from gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith of the Trustee. The Sponsor has the discretion to replace the Trustee. Fees paid to the Trustee are a Sponsor-paid expense.

The Custodian

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC is the Trust’s custodian (the “Custodian”) and keeps custody of all of the Trust’s crypto assets. The Custodian is a fiduciary under § 100 of the New York Banking Law and a qualified custodian for purposes of Rule 206(4)-2(d)(6) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Custodian is authorized to serve as the Trust’s custodian under the Trust Agreement and pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Custodian Agreement. The Custodian has its principal office at 200 Park Avenue South, Suite 1208, New York, NY 10003. A copy of the Custodian Agreement is available for inspection at the Sponsor’s principal office identified herein.

The Custodian’s Role

Under the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian controls and secures the Trust’s “Custodial Account,” a segregated custody account to store private keys, which allow for the transfer of ownership or control of the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets, on the Trust’s behalf. The Custodian’s services (i) allow Portfolio Crypto Assets to be deposited from a public blockchain address to the Trust’s Custodial Account and (ii) allow the Trust or Sponsor to withdraw Portfolio Crypto Assets from the Trust’s Custodial Account to a public blockchain address the Trust or Sponsor controls (the “Custodial Services”). The Custodial Account uses offline storage, or “cold” storage, mechanisms to secure the Trust’s private keys. The term cold storage refers to a safeguarding method by which the private keys corresponding to digital assets are disconnected and/or deleted entirely from the internet. Fees paid to the Custodian are a Sponsor-paid expense, and effectively included in the Management Fee.

Under the Custodian Agreement, the Trust has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian from any claim or demand (including attorneys’ fees and any fines, fees or penalties imposed by any regulatory authority) arising out of or related to the Trust’s breach of the Custodian Agreement, inaccuracy in any of the Trust’s representations or warranties in the Custodian Agreement, or Trust’s violation of any law, rule or regulation, or the rights of any third party, except where such claim directly results from the gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of Custodian.

 

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The Custodian and its affiliates may from time to time purchase or sell digital assets for their own accounts and as agent for their customers or Shares for their own accounts. The foregoing notwithstanding, Portfolio Crypto Assets in the Custodial Account are not treated as general assets of the Custodian and cannot be commingled with any other digital assets held by the Custodian. The Custodian serves as a fiduciary and custodian on the Trust’s behalf, and the Portfolio Crypto Assets in the Custodial Account are considered fiduciary assets that remain the Trust’s property at all times.

If the Custodian resigns in its capacity as custodian, the Sponsor may appoint an additional or replacement custodian and enter into a custodian agreement on behalf of the Trust with such custodian.

The Custodian or the Sponsor may terminate the Custodian Agreement subject to certain notice requirements described in the Custodian Agreement, and the Sponsor may withdraw all balances at any time. The Sponsor periodically evaluates the market for custodial services.

Term and Dissolution

The Trust will operate indefinitely and dissolve only at the election of the Sponsor or upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Trust Agreement.

Legal Counsel

Wilson Sonsini is legal counsel to the Sponsor and the Trust. Wilson Sonsini does not represent any current or prospective Investors with respect to an investment in the Trust. No separate counsel has been engaged by the Sponsor, or any of their respective affiliates, to represent any current or prospective Investors with respect to an investment in the Trust.

Administrator

The Trust entered into an agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with Theorem Trust Services LLC (the “Administrator”) for the provision of administrative services. The services, provided by the Administrator and certain of its affiliates and subject to change at any time by the Sponsor in its sole discretion without advance notice to Shareholders, include, among others: (i) acceptance and processing of Subscriptions, with the assistance of the Sponsor; (ii) receipt of requests for redemptions and authorization of payments of redemption proceeds; (iii) maintenance of the books and records of the Trust; (iv) coordination of the Trust’s annual audit; (v) calculation of net asset value of the Trust and Share prices; and (vi) other services as agreed on by the parties. The Administrator receives standard fees for its services, and generally will be indemnified by the Trust from and against any third-party claims, liabilities, costs and expenses arising from or relating to the Administrator’s provision of services under the Administration Agreement. The Administrator is subject to change in the sole discretion of the Sponsor.

Auditor

The auditor for the Trust is WithumSmith+Brown, PC (the “Auditor”). The Auditor is subject to change in the sole discretion of the Sponsor.

Legal/Disciplinary History

During the past 10 years, none of our current directors, nominees for directors or current executive officers has been involved in any legal proceeding identified in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships between or among the directors, executive officers or persons nominated or chosen by us to become directors or executive officers.

 

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Item 6. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

Compensation, Fees, and Expenses

Executive and Director Compensation

The Trust has no employees or directors and is managed by the Sponsor. None of the officers or members of the Sponsor receive compensation from the Trust.

Management Fee

The Sponsor charges a Management Fee payable monthly, in arrears, in an amount equal to 2.5% per annum (1/12th of 2.5% per month) of the net asset value of the Trust’s estate at the end of each month.

Sponsor Expenses

The Sponsor is responsible for all ordinary administrative and overhead expenses of managing the Trust, including compensation of its employees and payment of rent, custody charges or flat rate fees for holding the Trust’s assets charged by the Custodian and customary fees and expenses of the Trustee, Administrator and Auditor, including costs incurred for appraisal or valuation expenses associated with the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements, tax returns and other similar reports and excluding indemnification and extraordinary costs. The Sponsor also pays for all fees associated with the quotation of the Shares on the OTCQX, all fees associated with SEC registration, and fees associated with retaining and maintaining the Transfer Agent.

 

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Item 7. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

The Trust does not have its own officers, directors and employees. The Trust depends on the Sponsor for certain operations of the Trust, and the Sponsor believes that it will continue to have sufficient staff personnel and resources to perform all of its duties with respect to managing the Trust. The Sponsor and its officers, directors and employees will devote as much of its time to the activities of the Trust as the Sponsor deems necessary and appropriate. As a result there are no relationships or related party transactions between officers, directors and employees of the Trust. Nonetheless, there are certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that should be considered by investors before subscribing for Shares. See “Risk Factors—Risks Associated with Potential Conflicts of Interest.

Outside investment-related activities.

The Sponsor and its officers, directors, managers, employees and affiliates, and the members of the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee, may engage in activities outside of their roles with respect to the Trust and the Index, including providing management and investment advisory services to other unaffiliated funds or companies (such as in their capacities as a board member), and shall not be required to refrain from any activity, to disgorge profits from any such activity or to devote all or any particular amount of time or effort of any of their officers, directors or employees to the Trust, the Index and their affairs.

These activities may create conflicts between the best interest of the Trust, on the one hand, and the best interests of the other unaffiliated funds or companies, on the other. For example, an officer of the Sponsor may serve on the board of directors of an unaffiliated company and may provide counsel related to cryptocurrencies that may be purchased, sold or held by the Trust, and such unaffiliated funds or companies may relate to cryptocurrencies that the Trust may purchase, sell or hold. At times, these activities may cause the provision of advice to unaffiliated funds or companies that may cause these unaffiliated funds or companies to take actions adverse to the interest of the Trust.

In addition, the Sponsor’s involvement in the other investment-related activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the personnel of the Sponsor may not be devoted exclusively to the business of the Trust, but may instead be allocated among the Trust and the other investment-related activities. The Sponsor and its affiliates are required to devote to the Trust only so much of their time as is necessary or appropriate in connection with the activities of the Trust in a manner consistent with the objectives of the Trust.

Further, the Sponsor and its officers, directors, managers, employees and affiliates may act in a proprietary capacity with long or short positions, in instruments of all types, including the cryptocurrencies that may be purchased, sold or held by the Trust and may generally trade in cryptocurrencies for their own accounts, subject to restrictions and reporting requirements as may be required by law.

As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by officers, directors, employees, and affiliates of the Sponsor that are the same as, different from, or made at a different time than positions taken for the Trust.

The aforementioned activities could affect the prices and availability of the cryptocurrencies, if any, that the Sponsor seek to buy or sell for the Trust’s account, which could adversely impact the financial returns of the Trust.

Additional funds and the use of master-feeder structure.

The Sponsor may, in the future, form additional investment vehicles that invest in the Trust alongside the Trust, such as an investment vehicle for non-U.S. investors and/or U.S. tax-exempt investors (an “Additional Trust”).

 

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If an Additional Trust is formed, the use of a master-feeder structure may also create a conflict of interest in that different tax considerations for the Trust and any Additional Trust may cause the Trust to structure or dispose of an investment in a manner that is more advantageous to the Additional Trust.

Future funds.

In addition to forming Additional Trusts, the Sponsor or its affiliates may in the future form or advise one or more additional investment funds or separate accounts that may have similar investment policies as the Trust (“Future Trusts”) that do not invest in the Trust. In the event such a Future Trust is formed, if an investment opportunity would be appropriate for both the Trust and any Future Trust, the Sponsor will generally seek to allocate such opportunity on a pro rata basis.

In addition, the Sponsor may have a conflict of interest in advising the Trust and any Future Trust because the financial benefit from managing some Future Trusts may be greater (e.g., such Future Trust generates higher fees or allocations tied to either higher percentages earned or larger amounts of capital investment by the Sponsor or its affiliates), which may provide an incentive to favor the Future Trust when allocating investment opportunities.

Allocation of investment opportunities among the Trust and any Future Trusts will be made in the Sponsor’s judgment based upon the investment objectives and investment portfolio of the Trust and such other Future Trusts; provided, that all allocations will be made in compliance with the Sponsor’s fiduciary duties. When the purchase and sale of cryptocurrencies is considered to be in the best interest of both the Trust and a Future Trust, cryptocurrencies to be purchased or sold may be aggregated in order to obtain superior execution and/or lower transactions expenses. Execution prices for identical cryptocurrencies purchased or sold on behalf of multiple accounts in any one business day may be averaged. In such events, allocation of prices, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction, shall be made in a manner the Sponsor considers to be equally as favorable to the Trust as to any other party.

Conflicts related to the Index.

The Sponsor or one of its affiliates may determine to use the Index with respect to a Future Trust that it may form or advise. Further, the Sponsor may decide to license any intellectual property related to the Index to any number of unaffiliated investment funds or investment firms for various types of uses.

The Trust may lose its Licenses to use the Index and Bitwise Name.

While an affiliate of the Sponsor owns the intellectual property related to the Index and Bitwise name, the Trust does not itself own this intellectual property. The Trust and the Sponsor have entered into a limited, non-exclusive, revocable license agreement with Bitwise Index Services, LLC (the “Index Provider”), an affiliate of the Trust that is controlled by the same parent entity as the Sponsor, at no cost to the Trust or the Sponsor allowing the Trust to use the Index for the purpose of using as the benchmark index for the Trust (the “License Agreement”). If such licenses were to become unavailable, revoked or canceled, then the Trust would no longer be able to use such intellectual property which would result in a material adverse effect on the Trust’s operations and success.

Affiliate transactions.

The Sponsor may cause the Trust to invest in cryptocurrencies in which some or all of its affiliates have a financial interest, or to engage in transactions with persons with whom some or all of its affiliates have financial or other relationships. Subject to the Sponsor’s approval, which may be withheld for any reason, affiliates may own Shares in the Trust.

 

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Related-party transactions.

The Trust may transact with parties who are affiliated with the Sponsor or its affiliates. The parties may include other subsidiaries/related entities of the Sponsor or its affiliates, or Additional Trusts or Future Trusts. In any such transaction the price used will be based upon the Sponsor’s best judgment utilizing the criteria it believes will best represent the fair value of a transaction.

Investments by affiliates.

One or more affiliates of the Sponsor, and members of the Bitwise Crypto Index Committee, may have, or may make in the future, investments in the Trust. Such investments may represent a significant portion of the net asset value of the Trust. Affiliates of the Sponsor may make similar investments in any future feeder funds formed to invest in the Trust. It is anticipated that these persons will generally invest on the same terms as Shareholders; however, these persons may be subject to a reduced or no Management Fee. Accordingly, such Shareholders will experience greater performance from their investments in the Trust or the other feeder funds (if formed), as the case may be, than will other Shareholders.

Director Independence

Under Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K, the Trust is required to disclose its independent directors or, under the instructions to Item 407(a), if the Trust’s securities are listed on an inter-dealer quotation system which has independence requirements and exemptions to those requirements, the Trust must disclose the exemptions to the inter-dealer quotation system’s independence requirements that it is relying upon. The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust managed by the Sponsor and does not have any directors or officers of its own. The Shares of the Trust are quoted on the OTCQX and the OTCQX Rules for U.S. Companies (“OTCQX Rules”) set out certain corporate governance criteria which include requirements regarding director independence. Under Section 2.5 of the OTCQX Rules, trusts, funds and other similar companies may apply in writing to OTC Markets Group for an exemption from the corporate governance requirements, including the requirements regarding director independence. As part of the OTCQX quotation process, the Trust applied for, and was granted, a waiver of the following OTCQX U.S. Company Corporate Governance Standards Requirements:

 

   

Maintain a board of directors that includes at least two independent directors;

 

   

Maintain an Audit Committee, a majority of the members of which are independent directors; and

 

   

Conduct annual shareholders’ meetings and make annual financial reports available to its shareholders at least 15 calendar days prior to such meetings.

As a result of receiving this exemption, the Trust does not intend to conduct annual shareholders’ meetings and, as a result, will not send out proxy statements to shareholders.

The Trust believes that the above disclosure satisfies the Form 10 disclosure requirement regarding director independence.

Section 16 Filings

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust managed by the Sponsor and does not have any directors or officers of its own. As a result, the Trust and the Sponsor do not believe that there is any person (other than a stockholder who holds beneficial ownership of more than 10% of the Trust) who is subject to Section 16 filing obligations, including the filing of Forms 3, 4 and 5, as these forms are filed by officers and directors and not by the Trust, or who is subject to the Section 16 short-swing profits rule.

 

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Item 8. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

There are no current, past, pending or, to the Sponsor’s knowledge, threatened legal proceedings or administrative actions either by or against the Trust or the Sponsor that could have a material effect on the Trust’s or the Sponsor’s business, financial condition, or operations and any current, past or pending trading suspensions by a securities regulator.

 

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Item 9. MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

Market Information

The Shares in the Trust were approved to be quoted on the OTCQX Best Market (the “OTCQX”) under the ticker symbol “BITW” on December 9, 2020. As a result, Trust investors are able to buy and sell shares of the Trust on the OTCQX, once those shares become freely tradeable under the federal securities laws (generally, a year and a day after the shares have been purchased from the Trust). The Trust will continue to privately sell shares directly to accredited investors.

The high and low sale prices for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 is set forth below. This information was obtained from Thompson Reuters and reflects inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020

   High      Low  

Fourth Quarter (starting 12/9/20)

   $ 199.99      $ 20.80  

Shareholder Information

As of December 31, 2020, the Trust had unlimited Shares authorized. The following table shows the number of Shares outstanding as of the specified dates:

 

     December 31, 2020      December 31, 2019  

(i) Number of Shares authorized

     Unlimited        Unlimited  

(ii) Number of Shares outstanding*

     15,132,240        3,416,265.31  

(iii) Number of Shares freely tradable (public float)1

     3,373,319        None  

(iv) Number of beneficial owners owning at least 100 Shares

     646        594  

(v) Number of holders of record

     786        594  

 

*

The number of Shares outstanding have been adjusted to reflect an approximately 10:1 stock split that occurred on May 1, 2020 in connection with the conversion of the Trust from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware statutory trust.

Transfer Agent

The Trust’s Transfer Agent is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the “Transfer Agent” or “AST”). The Transfer Agent’s address is 6201 15th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11219, and its telephone number is (877) 814-9687. AST is registered as a transfer agent with the Securities and Exchange Commission and with the New York Department of Financial Services.

Distributions

The Trust generally will not make distributions (except for redemptions, if approved), as the Trust reinvests substantially all of its income and gain. However, in the event the Trust does make distributions on the Shares, such distributions may be pro rata in cash or in kind, in the sole discretion of the Sponsor.

Equity Compensation Plan

The Trust has no equity compensation plans.

 

1

Public float means the total number of unrestricted shares not held directly or indirectly by an officer, director, any person who is the beneficial owner of more than 10 percent of the total shares outstanding, or anyone who controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such person, or any immediate family members of officers, directors and control persons.

 

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Item 10. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.

The Trust offers the Shares pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act. The Shares offered by the Trust have not been registered under the Securities Act, or any state or other securities laws, and were offered and sold only to “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable state or other securities laws.

The table below describes the Shares offered, the Shares sold and the average and range of prices at which the Shares were offered and sold by the Trust during the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020.3 All Shares initially offered and sold by the Trust are restricted securities pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Until the Shares sold by the Trust become unrestricted in accordance with Rule 144, the certificates or other documents evidencing the Shares will contain legends stating that the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act and referring to the restrictions on transferability and sale of the Shares under the Securities Act. Such legends are removed upon Shares becoming unrestricted in accordance with Rule 144.

To date, no Shares, other securities of the Trust, or options to acquire such other securities were issued in exchange for services provided by any person or entity.

 

Period

   Shares
Offered
     Shares Sold      No. of
Purchasers
     Avg.
Price
Per
Share
     High
Price
Per
Share
     Date      Low
Price
Per
Share
     Date  

January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019

     Unlimited        746,509.27        95        7.52        13.49        6/26/19        3.89        1/30/19  

January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020

     Unlimited        11,985,739.55        520        17.28      $ 24.67        3/18/20      $ 4.85        12/31/20  

 

3 

The Shares Sold and Price Per Share numbers presented have been adjusted to reflect an approximately 10:1 stock split that occurred on May 1, 2020 in connection with the conversion of the Trust from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware statutory trust.

 

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Item 11. DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED.

The Shares

The only class of securities outstanding are Shares representing units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust with such relative rights and terms as set out in the Trust Agreement.

The Shares represent units of equal, fractional, undivided interests in the profits, losses, distributions, capital and assets of, and ownership of, the Trust, and have no par value.

General

The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust with such relative rights and terms as set out in the Trust Agreement. The Shares do not represent a traditional investment and should not be viewed as similar to “shares” of a corporation operating a business enterprise with management and a board of directors. A Shareholder does not have the rights normally associated with the ownership of shares of a corporation. Shareholders are not entitled to vote on any matters, and do not have the right to elect the Sponsor. The Shares do not entitle their holders to any conversion or pre-emptive rights. Each Share is fully paid and non-assessable.

Redemptions

At this time, the Trust is not operating a redemption program for the Shares. The Trust along with the Sponsor may choose to seek regulatory approval to operate a redemption program at a point in the future. If any redemption program is approved, then any redemption authorized by the Sponsor must be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement.

Due to the lack of an ongoing redemption program as well as price volatility, trading volume and closings of crypto asset exchanges due to fraud, failure, security breaches or otherwise, there can be no assurance that the value of the Shares, if traded on any secondary market, will reflect the value of the Trust’s net assets, and the Shares may trade at a substantial premium over, or a substantial discount to, the value of the Trust’s net assets. For a discussion of risks relating to the unavailability of a redemption program, see “Risk Factors—Because of the holding period under Rule 144 and the lack of an ongoing redemption program, there is no arbitrage mechanism to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the value of the underlying Portfolio Crypto Assets and the Shares may trade at a substantial premium over, or substantial discount to, the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share” and “Risk Factors—The Shares may trade on the OTCQX at a price that is at, above or below the Trust’s Portfolio Crypto Assets per Share as a result of the non-current trading hours between OTCQX and markets for the Portfolio Crypto Assets.

Additional Subscriptions

The Trust is authorized under the Trust Agreement to create and issue an unlimited number of Shares, and the Shares may be purchased from the Trust on an ongoing basis.

The minimum initial subscription amount is $25,000 and an existing investor in the Trust (an investor that holds Shares in the Trust is referred to herein as a “Shareholder”) may make additional subscriptions in a minimum amount of $10,000, subject in all cases to increase, decrease and waiver of such requirements by the Sponsor in its sole discretion.

The Trust generally accepts initial and additional subscriptions (“Subscriptions”) (a) weekly on Wednesdays, (b) the first business day after any Wednesday on which banking institutions in the State of California are closed for business or (c) on such other dates as the Sponsor may determine in its sole discretion. Subscriptions may be paid for in kind subject to acceptance by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. Each investor who seeks to subscribe

 

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for Shares is required to execute a subscription agreement pursuant to which the investor will agree to be bound by the Trust Agreement and other Trust documentation. The Trust may, however, halt the acceptance of additional Subscriptions for extended periods of time in its sole discretion.

No fractional Shares will be issued, and any fractional Share that a Shareholder would otherwise be entitled to receive that is less than 0.5 Share shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Share and any such fractional Share equal to or greater than 0.5 Share shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Share; provided, however, that any such rounding up or down will not change the price per Share or contribution payable with respect to such Shares as determined in accordance with the Trust Agreement.

Shares in the Trust are sold only to investors who, under U.S. securities laws, are “accredited investors” All primary offerings of Shares through Subscriptions are private offerings made in reliance on Rule 506 under Regulation D of the Securities Act (as defined below). Investors are required to provide relevant information verifying their eligibility to invest in the Trust. Shares are not registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any state or any other jurisdiction, nor are any such registration contemplated.

Transfer Restrictions

In general, the Shares are non-transferrable without the prior written consent of the Sponsor. However, this restriction does not apply to Shares held of record by the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation or its nominee (“DTCC”). Only those Shares that are not “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), will be eligible to be held of record by DTCC.

The transfer of the Shares may also be restricted under federal and state securities laws. The offer and sale of the Shares by the Trust, as well as future offerings of Shares by the Trust, have not been and will not be, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act, the securities laws of any state or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction, nor is such registration contemplated. The Shares will be offered and sold under the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder and other exemptions in the laws of the states and jurisdictions where the offering will be made. As a result, (i) any Shares issued to Shareholders in such offerings will be “restricted securities” under Rule 144, and (ii) the Shares issued to such a Shareholder will be “unrestricted” under Rule 144 one year and a day subsequent to the date that the Shareholder acquired the Shares. Shares held by affiliates and insiders will be subject to additional restrictions on resales, including restrictions on the number of Shares that may be resold within any three-month period.

A minimum six month holding period will apply to all Shares purchased from the Trust once the Trust has been subject to Exchange Act reporting for at least ninety days. Because of the six month holding period and the lack of an ongoing redemption program, Shares should not be purchased by any Shareholder who is not willing and able to bear the risk of investment and lack of liquidity for at least six months. No assurances are given that after the six month holding period, there will be any market for the resale of Shares, or, if there is such a market, as to the price at which such Shares may be sold into such a market.

On a monthly basis, the Trust will aggregate the Shares that have been held for the requisite holding period by non-affiliates of the Trust to assess whether the Rule 144 transfer restriction legends may be removed. Any Shares that qualify for the removal of the Rule 144 transfer restriction legends are presented to outside counsel, who may instruct the Transfer Agent to remove the transfer restriction legends from the Shares, allowing the Shares to then be resold without restriction, including on the OTCQX U.S. marketplace.

Outside counsel will require that certain representations be made in order to remove the transfer restrictions from the Shares.

With respect to non-affiliates of the Trust, required representations will include that:

 

  1.

the Shareholder is not an affiliate of the Trust;

 

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  2.

the Shares subject to each sale have been held for more than a year by the Shareholder;

 

  3.

the Shareholder is the sole beneficial owner of the Shares and has provided such information as necessary to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations;

 

  4.

the Sponsor is aware of no circumstances in which the Shareholder would be considered an underwriter or engaged in the distribution of securities for the Trust;

 

  5.

none of the Shares are subject to any agreement granting any pledge, lien, mortgage, hypothecation, security interest, charge, option or encumbrance;

 

  6.

the Sponsor consents to the Shares being transferred; and

 

  7.

outside counsel and the Transfer Agent (defined below) can rely on the representations.

Affiliates of the Trust selling Shares in a “brokers’ transaction,” with a “market maker,” or in a “riskless principal transaction” in accordance with Rule 144(f) may also request the removal of restrictive legends. Any such Shares that qualify for the removal of the Rule 144 transfer restriction legends are presented to outside counsel, who may instruct the Transfer Agent to remove the transfer restriction legends from the Shares.

In addition to the representations set out in items 2 to 7 above, outside counsel will require that affiliates of the Trust provide the following representations, as applicable:

 

   

a notice on Form 144 covering the sale of the Shares was transmitted to the Commission prior to or concurrently with the placing of the order of sale or the execution of the trade directly with a market maker, if required by Rule 144(h); and

 

   

the manner of sale of the Shares and the amount of other securities of the same class sold within the preceding three months are to be made in accordance with Rules 144(e)-(g).

In addition, because the Trust’s Trust Agreement prohibits the transfer or sale of Shares without the prior written consent of the Sponsor, the Sponsor must provide a written consent that explicitly states that it irrevocably consents to the transfer and resale of the Shares. Once the transfer restriction legends have been removed from a Share and the Sponsor has provided its written consent to the transfer of that Share, no consent of the Sponsor is required for future transfers of that particular Share. In determining whether to grant approval for a transfer of the Shares, the Sponsor will specifically look at whether the conditions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act and any other applicable laws have been met. Any attempt to sell Shares without the approval of the Sponsor in its sole discretion will be void ab initio.

The Sponsor has retained the services of a transfer agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the “Transfer Agent”). Shareholders will be able to transfer Shares through and with the services offered by the Transfer Agent, and may need to establish website accounts with the Transfer Agent in order to take certain actions with respect to the Shares, including transferring them. In order to trade Shares through OTCQX, it will be necessary for a Shareholder to work with a broker to deposit Shares with DTCC.

Book-Entry Form

Shares of the Trust are held in book-entry form by the Transfer Agent. Transfers will be made in accordance with standard securities industry practice. The Sponsor may cause the Trust to issue Shares in certificated form in limited circumstances at its discretion.

Share Splits

In its discretion, the Sponsor may direct the Transfer Agent to declare a split or reverse split in the number of Shares outstanding. For example, if the Sponsor believes that the per Share price in the secondary market for Shares has risen or fallen outside a desirable trading price range, it may declare such a split or reverse split.

 

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Item 12. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

Indemnification

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Sponsor, its affiliates, the Administrator and any of their respective officers, directors, principals, partners, investors, managers, affiliates or employees, and each of their respective successors and assigns, and each Person who previously served in such capacity (each, an “Indemnified Party” and, collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Trust from and against any loss, liability, damage, cost, or expense suffered or sustained by an Indemnified Party by reason of the fact that she, he or it is or was an Indemnified Party, including, without limitation, any judgment, settlement, reasonable attorney’s fees and other costs or expenses incurred in connection with the defense of any actual or threatened action or proceeding (collectively, “Liabilities”), provided that such Liabilities did not result from such Indemnified Party’s own willful misconduct or gross negligence. In the discretion of the Sponsor, the Trust will advance to an Indemnified Party funds to pay such expenses. The Indemnified Parties are not, however, exculpated or indemnified for any liability (including liability under U.S. federal securities laws), to the extent that such liability may not be waived, modified or limited under applicable law.

The financial results of these entities are not included in the Trust’s financial statements.

Indemnification of the Trustee

The Trustee and any of the officers, directors, employees and agents of the Trustee will be indemnified by the Sponsor or the Trust, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, action, suit, cost, reasonable expense, disbursement (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel), tax or penalty of any kind and nature whatsoever, arising out of, imposed upon or asserted at any time against such indemnified person in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement, the creation, operation or termination of the Trust or the transactions contemplated therein; provided, however, that the Sponsor and the Trust will not be required to indemnify any such indemnified person for any such expenses which are a result of the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of such indemnified person. Any amount payable to such an indemnified person under the Trust Agreement may be payable in advance under certain circumstances. The obligations of the Sponsor and the Trust to indemnify such indemnified persons under the Trust Agreement will survive the termination of the Trust Agreement.

 

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Item 13. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

The information regarding the Trust’s Financial Statements and Supplementary Data that is contained in Item 15. “Financial Statements and Exhibits” of this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference. The financial statements as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 included in this Information Statement have been audited by WithumSmith+Brown, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

The Sponsor has filed on behalf of the Trust a registration statement on Form 10 with the SEC under the Securities Act. For further information about the Trust or the Shares, please refer to the registration statement, which you may inspect, without charge, at the public reference facilities of the SEC at the below address or online at www.sec.gov, or obtain at prescribed rates from the public reference facilities of the SEC at the below address. Information about the Trust and the Shares can also be obtained from the Trust’s website. The internet address of the Trust’s website will be www.bitwiseinvstments.com. This internet address is only provided here as a convenience to you to allow you to access the Trust’s website, and the information contained on or connected to the Trust’s website is not part of this Registration Statement.

The Trust is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, will file quarterly and annual reports and other information with the SEC. The reports and other information can be inspected online at www.sec.gov. Our reports are also available, free of charge, on our website at https://bitwiseinvestments.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this registration statement.

 

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Item 14. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

 

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Item 15. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS.

(a) The following financial statements are filed as part of this Registration Statement on Form 10:

 

   

Audited Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

(formerly known as Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC)

ANNUAL REPORT

DECEMBER 31, 2020

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Table of Contents

 

Independent Auditors’ Report

     F-3  

Financial Statements

  

Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

     F-7  

Condensed Schedules of Investments

     F-8  

Statements of Operations

     F-9  

Statements of Changes in Net Assets

     F-10 - F-11  

Notes to Financial Statements

     F-12 - F-22  

 

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REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders of Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying statements of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity of Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (the “Trust”), including the condensed schedule of investments, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related statements of operations and changes in net assets for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively, the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Trust as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and changes in net assets for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Trust’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Trust in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Trust is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of investments owned as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, by correspondence with the custodian, counterparties, exchanges or by other audit procedures, where replies were not received. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Emphasis of Matter – Uncertainties Related to Cryptocurrency Assets (also referred to as “Digital Assets”)

As disclosed in Note 3 to the financial statements, the Trust held digital assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, with a fair value of approximately $374,018,000 and $21,691,000, respectively, in digital currencies, representing approximately 99.8% and 99.3% of the total assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Significant information and risks related to such currencies includes, but is not necessarily limited to the following:

Risks Associated With Digital Assets and Risks of Ownership

As of the date of these financial statements. digital assets are loosely regulated and there is no central marketplace for currency exchange. Supply is determined by a computer code, not by a central bank, and prices have been extremely volatile. Digital asset exchanges have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Any of the Trust’s assets that reside on an exchange that shuts down may be lost. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $759,000 and $105,000 reside on exchanges,

 

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respectively. Several factors may affect the price of digital assets, including, but not limited to: supply and demand, investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, interest rates, currency exchange rates or future regulatory measures (if any) that restrict the trading of digital assets or the use of digital assets as a form of payment. There is no assurance that digital assets will maintain their long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future, or that acceptance of digital asset payments by mainstream retail merchants and commercial businesses will continue to grow.

Risks Associated With Digital Asset Regulation

As digital assets have grown in popularity and market size, various countries and jurisdictions have begun to develop regulations governing the digital assets industry. To the extent that future regulatory actions or policies limit the ability to exchange digital assets or utilize them for payments, the demand for digital assets will be reduced. Furthermore, regulatory actions may limit the ability of end-users to convert digital assets into fiat currency (e.g., U.S. dollars) or use digital assets to pay for goods and services. Such regulatory actions or policies would result in a reduction of demand, and in turn, a decline in the underlying digital asset unit prices.

The effect of any future regulatory change on the Trust or digital assets in general is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Trust and the value of the Trust’s investments in digital assets.

Risks Associated Custody of Digital Assets

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC (the “Custodian”) serves as the Trust’s Custodian for digital assets for which qualified custody is available. The Custodian is subject to change in the sole discretion of the Sponsor. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $373,259,000 and $21,487,000 are held by the Custodian, respectively.

Risks Associated Digital Asset Trading is Volatile and Speculative

Digital assets represent a speculative investment and involve a high degree of risk. Prices of digital assets have fluctuated widely for a variety of reasons including uncertainties in government regulation and may continue to experience significant price fluctuations. If digital asset markets continue to be subject to sharp fluctuations, Shareholders may experience losses as the value of the Trust’s investments decline. Even if Shareholders are able to hold their Shares in the Trust for the long-term, their Shares may never generate a profit, since digital asset markets have historically experienced extended periods of flat or declining prices, in addition to sharp fluctuations.

Risks Associated Control of Private Keys

Digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of a unique private cryptographic key controlling the address in which the digital asset is held. The theft, loss or destruction of a private key required to access a digital asset is irreversible, and such private keys would not be capable of being restored by the Trust. The loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store the Trust’s digital assets could result in the loss of the digital assets and an investor could incur substantial, or even total, loss of capital. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $0 and $100,000 are held in private wallets, respectively.

Risks Associated Over-the-Counter Transactions

Some of the markets in which the Trust may execute its transactions are “over-the-counter” or “interdealer” markets. The participants in such markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. This exposes the Trust to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus

 

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causing the Trust to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for digital assets where the Trust has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Trust is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. Moreover, the Trust has no internal credit function that evaluates the creditworthiness of its counterparties. The ability of the Trust to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the lack of any meaningful and independent evaluation of such counterparty’s financial capabilities and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Trust.

Risks Associated Transactions in Cryptocurrencies May Be Irreversible

Transactions in digital assets may be irreversible, and, accordingly, losses due to fraudulent or accidental transactions may not be recoverable. If there is an error and a transaction occurs with the wrong account, to the extent that the Trust is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third-party or is incapable of identifying the third-party which has received the digital assets through error or theft, the Trust will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred digital assets. To the extent that the Trust is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could result in the total loss of a Shareholder’s investment in the Trust.

Risks Associated No FDIC or SIPC Protection

The Trust is not a banking institution or otherwise a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). Accordingly, deposits or assets held by the Trust are not subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with FDIC or SIPC member institutions. The Trust’s cryptocurrency custodians do however carry bespoke insurance policies related to the cryptocurrencies over which they provide custody.

The Trust must adapt to technological change in order to secure and safeguard client accounts. While management believes they have developed an appropriate proprietary security system reasonably designed to safeguard the Trust’s digital assets from theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and technological attack, such assessment is based upon known technology and threats. To the extent that the Trust is unable to identify and mitigate or stop new security threats, the Trust’s digital assets may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack, which could have a negative impact on the performance of the Trust or result in loss of the Trust’s digital assets.

Financial Reporting Risks Related to Digital Currency Valuation

As of the date of these financial statements, there is currently no specific authoritative accounting literature under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) which addresses the accounting for digital assets, including digital currencies. Certain non-authoritative sources have concluded that digital currencies should be accounted for as intangible assets, where the digital currency asset should be recorded at the lower of its original cost or fair value, whereby any recorded write-downs could not be recovered in the future. The Trust’s management has concluded that it’s digital currency assets should be valued at fair value in accordance with the Trust Agreement, which is consistent with current practices. In the event that specific authoritative accounting guidance were to be issued after the release of these financial statements and such guidance was inconsistent with management’s current accounting for its digital assets and a restatement would be determined to be required, any resulting restatement could have a significant impact on the Trust’s financial position and results of operations. The timing of any such authoritative guidance, if issued at all, is not determinable as of the date of these financial statements.

Risks Associated With a Cryptocurrency Majority Control

Since cryptocurrencies are virtual and transactions in such currencies reside on distributed networks, governance of the underlying distributed network could be adversely altered should any individual or group obtain 51% control of the distributed network. Such control could have a significant adverse effect on either the ownership or value of the cryptocurrency.

 

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Risks Related to Transaction Authentication

As of the date of these financial statements, the transfer of digital currency assets from one party to another currently typically relies on an authentication process by an outside party known as a miner. In exchange for compensation, the miner will authenticate the transfer of the currency through the solving of a complex algorithm known as a proof of work, or will vouch for the transfer through other means, such as a proof of stake. Effective transfers of and therefore realization of cryptocurrency is dependent on interactions from these miners or forgers. In the event that there were a shortage of miners to perform this function, that shortage could have an adverse effect on either the fair value or realization of the cryptocurrency assets.

As discussed herein, holdings in digital currency assets are subject to current, emerging and potentially significant risks, including, but not necessarily limited to legal, regulatory, market valuation and proof of ownership risks. These risks are described in greater detail in Note 4 to the financial statements. Users of financial statements for entities that hold cryptocurrency assets should carefully understand, consider and evaluate these and other risks related to cryptocurrency assets, when making investing decisions in such entities. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

We have served as the auditor as of 2021.

/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC

New York, New York

April 22, 2021

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

December 31, 2020 and 2019

 

     2020      2019  

Assets

     

Investments in digital assets, at fair value
(cost $230,356,359 and $38,793,090)

   $ 374,017,545      $ 21,691,233  

Cash

     743,486        150,460  

Other assets

     1,760        1,429  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

   $ 374,762,791      $ 21,843,122  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

     

Liabilities

     

Management fees payable

   $ 779,208      $ 43,296  

Subscriptions received in advance

     638,300        120,000  

Capital withdrawals payable

     104,845        28,239  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     1,522,353        191,535  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Shareholders’ Equity (Net Assets)

     373,240,438        21,651,587  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity (Net Assets)

   $ 374,762,791      $ 21,843,122  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Condensed Schedules of Investments

December 31, 2020 and 2019

 

     2020  
     Units      Fair Value      Percentage of
Net Assets
 

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

        

United States

        

Bitcoin

     10,784.1481      $ 314,622,646        84.29

Ethereum

     60,056.7369        44,737,961        11.99  

Other

        14,656,938        3.93  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total investments in digital assets, at fair value
(cost $230,356,359)

      $ 374,017,545        100.21
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     2019  
     Units      Fair Value      Percentage of
Members’ Equity
 

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

        

United States

        

Bitcoin

     2,411.0565      $ 17,233,399        79.59

Ethereum

     13,283.4476        1,698,840        7.85  

Ripple

     5,863,859.8123        1,113,258        5.14  

Other

        1,645,736        7.60  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total investments in digital assets, at fair value
(cost $38,793,090)

      $ 21,691,233        100.18
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Statements of Operations

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

 

     2020     2019  

Income

    

Redemption fee income

   $ —       $ 3,635  

Other income

     —         753  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Income

     —         4,388  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Expenses

    

Management fees

     1,875,116       555,041  

Transaction and other fees

     2,669       32  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Expenses

     1,877,785       555,073  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment loss

     (1,877,785     (550,685
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments

    

Net realized loss from digital assets

     (4,492,966     (3,276,792

Net change in unrealized appreciation or (depreciation) from digital assets

     160,763,043       9,323,791  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net realized and change in unrealized gain on investments

     156,270,077       6,046,999  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 154,392,292     $ 5,496,314  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Statement of Changes in Net Assets

For the year ended December 31, 2020

 

     Investor Class     Institutional Class     Total Fund  
     Shares     Net Assets     Shares     Net Assets     Shares     Net Assets  

Net Assets, December 31, 2019

     274,134.01     $ 17,379,774       66,652.64     $ 4,271,813       340,786.65     $ 21,651,587  

Transfers

     (23,454.60     (1,880,156     23,180.81       1,880,156       (273.79     —    

Conversion

     3,440,958.19       7,692,382       (95,346.28     (7,692,391     3,345,611.91       (9

Subscriptions *

     11,540,051.06       199,074,452       5,994.85       400,000       11,546,045.91       199,474,452  

Net income

     —         153,213,020       —         1,179,272       —         154,392,292  

Withdrawals *

     (99,448.66     (2,239,034     (482.02     (38,850     (99,930.68     (2,277,884
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Assets, December 31, 2020

     15,132,240.00     $ 373,240,438       —       $ —         15,132,240.00     $ 373,240,438  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Asset Value per Share, December 31, 2020

     $ 24.67       $ —        
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

*

The Statement of Changes in Net Assets includes shares issued prior to the Fund’s conversion on May 1, 2020 (when all Institutional Class members were issued new shares in the Fund at a conversion rate of 10.126022288931 for each share, all Investor Class members were issued new shares in the Fund at a conversion rate of 10 for each share) at the when-issued (and unconverted) quantities, while shares issued subsequent to the May 1, 2020 conversion each represent a significantly lower Net Asset Value per share.

On an adjusted basis (i.e., adjusting the shares issued prior to May 1, 2020 by their future conversion rates), the Investor Class issued 11,925,035.60 shares and redeemed 265,072.14 shares for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the Institutional Class issued 60,703.95 shares and redeemed 4,840.31 shares for the year ended December 31, 2020.

See financial statement note 6 for disclosures on subscriptions in-kind

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Statement of Changes in Net Assets

For the year ended December 31, 2019

 

     Investor Class     Institutional Class     Total Fund  
     Shares     Net Assets     Shares     Net Assets     Shares     Net Assets  

Net Assets, December 31, 2018

     224,656.26     $ 9,642,628       65,443.23     $ 2,824,269       290,099.49     $ 12,466,897  

Subscriptions

     69,244.34       5,222,177       5,339.39       300,000       74,583.73       5,522,177  

Net income

     —         3,981,354       —         1,514,960       —         5,496,314  

Withdrawals

     (19,766.59     (1,466,385     (4,129.98     (367,416     (23,896.57     (1,833,801
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Assets, December 31, 2019

     274,134.01     $ 17,379,774       66,652.64     $ 4,271,813       340,786.65     $ 21,651,587  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Asset Value per Share, December 31, 2019

     $ 63.40       $ 64.09      
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

 

F-11


Table of Contents

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

1.

Organization

Nature of Operations

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (the “Trust”) is a Delaware Statutory Trust that commenced operations on November 22, 2017. The Trust’s name was changed from “Bitwise Hold 10 Private Index Fund, LLC” on

September 24, 2018, and changed again from “Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC” on May 1, 2020 when it was also simultaneously converted from a Delaware Limited Liability Company to a Delaware Statutory Trust. Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC, is the sponsor (“Sponsor”) and investment adviser of the Trust. Bitwise Asset Management, Inc, an affiliate of the Sponsor, served as the Manager before the Trust’s conversion to a Delaware Statutory Trust. Delaware Trust Company is the Trustee of the Trust, and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company is the Transfer Agent of the Trust.

On December 9, 2020, the Trust received notice that its Shares were qualified for public trading on the OTCQX U.S. Marketplace of the OTC Markets Group, Inc. (“OTCQX”). The Trust’s trading symbol on OTCQX is “BITW” and the CUSIP number for its Shares is 091749101.

The Trust’s principal investment objective is to invest in a portfolio of broad-based cryptocurrencies that tracks the Bitwise 10 Large Cap Crypto Index (the “Index”), which is administered by Bitwise Index Services, LLC (the “Index Provider”), an affiliate of the Sponsor. The Trust rebalances monthly alongside the Index to stay current with changes.

Shareholders subject to a 2.5% per annum Management Fee are referred to as the Investor Class and Shareholders subject to a 2.0% per annum Management Fee are referred to as the Institutional Class. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Conversion executed as of May 1, 2020, the Trust converted from a Delaware Limited Liability Company to a Delaware Statutory Trust. In connection with the conversion, limited liability company units were converted to shares. All members holding Investor Class units received 10 shares for each unit held, and all members holding Institutional Class units received 10.126022288931 shares for each unit held. Additionally, effective May 1, 2020 all shareholders are charged a Management Fee of 2.5% per annum, and the dual class structure was eliminated.

Any references to Shares or Shareholders refer to units and members, respectively, and references to the Sponsor refer to the Manager, with respect to the period prior to the conversion to a Delaware Statutory Trust on May 1, 2020.

 

2.

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Trust is an investment company and follows the specialized accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC” or “Codification”) Topic 946, Financial Services - Investment Companies.

U.S. GAAP contains no authoritative guidance related to the accounting for digital assets. As a result, transactions of digital assets have been accounted for analogizing to existing accounting standards that management believes are appropriate to the circumstances. There can be no certainty as to when the FASB or other standards setter will issue accounting standards for digital assets, if at all.

Pursuant to the Statement of Cash Flows Topic of the Codification, the Trust qualifies for an exemption from the requirement to provide a statement of cash flows and has elected not to provide a statement of cash flows.

 

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Table of Contents

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash

Cash represents cash deposits held at financial institutions. Cash in a bank deposit account, at times, may exceed U.S. federally insured limits. The Trust has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on such bank deposits.

Investments and Valuation

The Trust’s investments in digital assets are stated at fair value. Digital assets are generally valued using prices as reported on reputable and liquid exchanges and may involve utilizing an average of bid and ask quotes using closing prices provided by such exchanges as of the date and time of determination (described below). Factors such as the recent stability of the exchange, current liquidity of the exchange, and recent price activity of an exchange will be considered as to the determination of which exchanges to utilize. The time used is 16:00 ET which corresponds to 20:00 UTC during Daylight Savings Time and 21:00 UTC during non-Daylight Savings Time. The Sponsor’s Valuation Policy provides a listing of preferred exchanges. While some digital assets are valued based on prices reported in the public markets, other digital assets may be more thinly-traded or subject to irregular trading activity. Determinations on the value of certain digital assets, and how to value such assets as to which limited prices or quotations are available, are based on the Sponsor’s recommendations or instructions.

Digital asset transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses from digital asset transactions are determined using the identified cost method. Any change in net unrealized gain or loss is reported in the statement of operations. Commissions and other trading fees are reflected as an adjustment to cost or proceeds at the time of the transaction.

The Trust generally records receipt of a new digital asset created due to a hard fork at the time the hard fork is effective. The Trust’s methodology for determining effectiveness of the fork is when two or more recognized exchanges quote prices for the forked coin. Some exchanges and custodians do not honor hard forks or may honor hard forks in the future. In such cases, the Trust will record receipt of the new digital asset at the time two or more recognized exchanges begin quoting prices for the asset.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

Although the Trust records the asset into its books and records at the time the fork is effective, as described above, the Trust’s Custodian (defined below) may take an extended period of time to make the forked asset available for transfer, and it may never make the forked asset available for transfer, which could lead to either the Trust holding the asset longer than it would otherwise hold the asset (if it was freely transferrable), or a complete write-down in the value of the forked asset. The Trust does not allocate any of the original digital asset’s cost to the new digital asset and recognizes unrealized gains equal to the fair value of the new digital asset received.

The Trust regularly receives “airdrops” of new digital assets. The use of airdrops is generally to promote the launch and use of new digital assets by providing a small amount of such new digital assets to the private wallets or exchange accounts that support the new digital asset and that hold existing related digital assets. Unlike hard forks, airdropped digital assets can have substantially different blockchain technology that has no relation to any existing digital asset, and many airdrops may be without value. The Trust records receipt of airdropped digital assets when received if there is value to the Trust in doing so. Digital assets received from airdrops have no cost basis and the Trust recognizes unrealized gains equal to the fair value of the new digital asset received.

Income Taxes

The Trust is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Trust does not record a provision for U.S. federal, U.S. state or local income taxes because the Shareholders report their share of the Trust’s income or loss on their income tax returns. The Trust files an income tax return in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and may file income tax returns in various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions.

The Trust is required to determine whether its tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained on examination by the applicable taxing authority, based on the technical merits of the position. Tax positions not deemed to meet a more likely than not threshold would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Trust has determined that no provision for income taxes is required and no liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been recorded. The Trust does not expect that its assessment related to unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next 12 months. However, the Trust’s conclusions may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions; compliance with U.S. federal, U.S. state, and tax laws of jurisdictions in which the Trust operates in; and changes in the administrative practices and precedents of the relevant authorities.

3. Fair Value Measurements

The Trust carries its investments at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value investments are not adjusted for transaction costs.

In determining fair value, the Trust uses various valuation approaches. A fair value hierarchy for inputs is used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs are to be used when available. The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:

Level 1 – Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Trust has the ability to access.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

Level 2 – Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. These inputs may include (a) quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, (b) quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, (c) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset, or (d) inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of valuation techniques and observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and are affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of investment, whether the investment is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets, and other characteristics particular to the transaction.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following summarizes the Trust’s assets accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2020.

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets

           

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

   $ —        $ 374,017,545      $ —        $ 374,017,545  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following summarizes the Trust’s assets accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2019.

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets

           

Investments in digital assets, at fair value

   $ —        $ 21,691,233      $ —        $ 21,691,233  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

4.

Risk Factors

Digital Assets

Digital assets are loosely regulated and there is no central marketplace for currency exchange. Supply is determined by a computer code, not by a central bank, and prices have been extremely volatile. Digital asset exchanges have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Any of the Trust’s assets that reside on an exchange that shuts down may be lost. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $759,000 and $105,000 reside on exchanges, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

Several factors may affect the price of digital assets, including, but not limited to: supply and demand, investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, interest rates, currency exchange rates or future regulatory measures (if any) that restrict the trading of digital assets or the use of digital assets as a form of payment. There is no assurance that digital assets will maintain their long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future, or that acceptance of digital asset payments by mainstream retail merchants and commercial businesses will continue to grow.

Digital Asset Regulation

As digital assets have grown in popularity and market size, various countries and jurisdictions have begun to develop regulations governing the digital assets industry. To the extent that future regulatory actions or policies limit the ability to exchange digital assets or utilize them for payments, the demand for digital assets will be reduced. Furthermore, regulatory actions may limit the ability of end-users to convert digital assets into fiat currency (e.g., U.S. dollars) or use digital assets to pay for goods and services. Such regulatory actions or policies would result in a reduction of demand, and in turn, a decline in the underlying digital asset unit prices.

The effect of any future regulatory change on the Trust or digital assets in general is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Trust and the value of the Trust’s investments in digital assets.

Custody of Digital Assets

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC (the “Custodian”) serves as the Trust’s Custodian for digital assets for which qualified custody is available. The Custodian is subject to change in the sole discretion of the Sponsor. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $373,259,000 and $21,487,000 are held by the Custodian, respectively.

Digital Asset Trading is Volatile and Speculative

Digital assets represent a speculative investment and involve a high degree of risk. Prices of digital assets have fluctuated widely for a variety of reasons including uncertainties in government regulation and may continue to experience significant price fluctuations. If digital asset markets continue to be subject to sharp fluctuations, Shareholders may experience losses as the value of the Trust’s investments decline. Even if Shareholders are able to hold their Shares in the Trust for the long-term, their Shares may never generate a profit, since digital asset markets have historically experienced extended periods of flat or declining prices, in addition to sharp fluctuations.

Control of Private Keys

Digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of a unique private cryptographic key controlling the address in which the digital asset is held. The theft, loss or destruction of a private key required to access a digital asset is irreversible, and such private keys would not be capable of being restored by the Trust. The loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store the Trust’s digital assets could result in the loss of the digital assets and an investor could incur substantial, or even total, loss of capital. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, digital assets of approximately $0 and $100,000 are held in private wallets, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

Over-the-Counter Transactions

Some of the markets in which the Trust may execute its transactions are “over-the-counter” or “interdealer” markets. The participants in such markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. This exposes the Trust to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Trust to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for digital assets where the Trust has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Trust is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. Moreover, the Trust has no internal credit function that evaluates the creditworthiness of its counterparties. The ability of the Trust to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the lack of any meaningful and independent evaluation of such counterparty’s financial capabilities and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Trust.

Transactions in Cryptocurrencies May Be Irreversible

Transactions in digital assets may be irreversible, and, accordingly, losses due to fraudulent or accidental transactions may not be recoverable. If there is an error and a transaction occurs with the wrong account, to the extent that the Trust is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third-party or is incapable of identifying the third-party which has received the digital assets through error or theft, the Trust will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred digital assets. To the extent that the Trust is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could result in the total loss of a Shareholder’s investment in the Trust.

No FDIC or SIPC Protection

The Trust is not a banking institution or otherwise a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). Accordingly, deposits or assets held by the Trust are not subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with FDIC or SIPC member institutions. The Trust’s cryptocurrency custodians do however carry bespoke insurance policies related to the cryptocurrencies over which they provide custody.

The Trust must adapt to technological change in order to secure and safeguard client accounts. While management believes they have developed an appropriate proprietary security system reasonably designed to safeguard the Trust’s digital assets from theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and technological attack, such assessment is based upon known technology and threats. To the extent that the Trust is unable to identify and mitigate or stop new security threats, the Trust’s digital assets may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack, which could have a negative impact on the performance of the Trust or result in loss of the Trust’s digital assets.

 

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Table of Contents

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

Financial Reporting

As of the date of these financial statements, there is currently no specific authoritative accounting literature under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) which addresses the accounting for digital assets, including digital currencies. Certain non-authoritative sources have concluded that digital currencies should be accounted for as intangible assets, where the digital currency asset should be recorded at the lower of its original cost or fair value, whereby any recorded write-downs could not be recovered in the future. The Trust’s management has concluded that its digital currency assets should be valued at fair value, which is consistent with current practices of investment companies. In the event that specific authoritative accounting guidance were to be issued after the release of these financial statements and such guidance was inconsistent with management’s current accounting for its digital assets and a restatement would be determined to be required, any resulting restatement could have a significant impact on the Trust’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The timing of any such authoritative guidance, if issued at all, is not determinable as of the date of these financial statements.

Risks Associated With a Cryptocurrency Majority Control

Since cryptocurrencies are virtual and transactions in such currencies reside on distributed networks, governance of the underlying distributed network could be adversely altered should any individual or group obtain 51% control of the distributed network. Such control could have a significant adverse effect on either the ownership or value of the cryptocurrency.

Transaction Authentication

As of the date of these financial statements, the transfer of digital currency assets from one party to another typically relies on an authentication process by an outside party known as a miner. In exchange for compensation, the miner will authenticate the transfer of the currency through the solving of a complex algorithm known as a proof of work, or will vouch for the transfer through other means, such as a proof of stake. Effective transfers of and therefore realization of cryptocurrency, digital assets and tokens are dependent on interactions from these miners or forgers. In the event that there were a shortage of miners to perform this function, that shortage could have an adverse effect on either the fair value or realization of the cryptocurrency assets.

COVID-19

The future impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the financial performance and operations of the Trust will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the virus and related advisories and restrictions. These developments and the impact of COVID-19 on blockchain markets and the overall economy, as well as on the financial performance and operations of the Trust, are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

 

5.

Administrator

Theorem Fund Services, LLC (the “Administrator”) serves as the Trust’s administrator and performs certain administrative and accounting services on behalf of the Trust.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

6.

Shareholders’ Equity

Subscriptions

The minimum initial subscription amount is $25,000, and an existing Shareholder may make additional subscriptions in a minimum amount of $10,000. Minimum subscription amounts may be increased, decreased and/or waived by the Sponsor in its sole discretion.

The Trust generally accepts initial and additional subscriptions (a) weekly on Wednesdays, (b) the first Business Day after any Wednesday on which banks in the State of California are closed for business and (c) at such other times as the Sponsor may determine in its sole discretion.

Subscriptions received in advance at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 represent amounts received in 2020 and 2019 with effective dates after December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

In-Kind Subscriptions

The Sponsor may, at its sole discretion, accept digital assets (“In-Kind Investments”) in lieu of, or in addition to, cash as payment for investment in the Trust. Such In-Kind Investments are valued using the same digital asset prices as per the Trust’s valuation policy at any given valuation date as of 4:00 pm EST on the date of the subscription. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Trust accepted In-Kind Investments from the Shareholders of $99,779,732 and $0 respectively.

Withdrawals

In connection with the Trust seeking approval for the quotation of its Shares on OTCQX, the Trust halted the withdrawal program on October 7, 2020. Upon receipt of regulatory approval and approval by the Sponsor, the Trust may offer a withdrawal program in the future.

Prior to October 7, 2020, each Shareholder could have requested a withdrawal of any Shares attributable to any subscription as of the first weekly withdrawal time, which was Wednesday at 5 p.m. PT that banking institutions were open for business in the State of California. Withdrawals were permitted on the 12 month anniversary of the date on which the attributable subscription was made; provided that, a Shareholder could have, in its discretion, resigned all or a portion of Shares prior to the 12 month anniversary on a withdrawal date after the payment of a 3% early withdrawal fee to the Trust and subject to all other resignation restrictions. Withdrawal requests once made were irrevocable and must have been communicated in writing to the Administrator by 2 p.m. PT on the Monday prior to the desired weekly withdrawal.

Prior to October 7, 2020 and subject to the Trust-level suspensions and Shareholder-level suspensions and any other restrictions provided in the Offering Memorandum and in the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor would, within 30 business days following the applicable withdrawal, distribute not less than 90% of the redemption and distribute the balance of the proceeds, if any, upon the completion of the Trust’s annual audit for the fiscal year in which the withdrawal was effected. A Shareholder could not make a partial withdrawal that would reduce the aggregate value of his or her Shares below $10,000, subject to the discretion of the Sponsor to waive such limitation.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

However, the Trust could have taken longer than 30 business days to settle withdrawal requests if the Trust was unable to liquidate its investments, if the value of the assets and liabilities of the Trust could not be determined with reasonable accuracy, or for any other reason. Transaction costs involved in funding a withdrawal were charged to the withdrawing Shareholder.

Allocation of Profits and Losses

Prior to May 1, 2020, when the dual class structure was eliminated, income or loss (prior to the calculation of the Management Fee) attributable to the Trust was allocated to each Class in proportion to each Class’ capital account balance.

 

7.

Related Party Transactions

In consideration for the management services to be provided to the Trust, the Sponsor will receive from the Trust a management fee (the “Management Fee”) payable monthly, in advance prior to May 31, 2020, and in arrears effective June 1, 2020.

Prior to May 1, 2020, the monthly Management Fee was equal to (a) 1/12th of 2.0% (2.0% per annum) of the net asset value of each Member’s capital account balance, for subscriptions greater than or equal to $1 million, and (b) 1/12th of 2.5% (2.5% per annum) of the net asset value of each Member’s capital account balance, for subscriptions less than $1 million. Effective May 1, 2020, all Shareholders in the Trust are charged a Management Fee of 2.5% per annum.

The Sponsor may, in its discretion, waive, reduce or rebate the Management Fee with respect to any Shareholder or group of Shareholders (which group may, but need not, include all Shareholders), including affiliates of the Sponsor; provided that such waiver, reduction or rebate shall not increase the Management Fee payable in respect of any other Shareholder.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Investor Class was charged Management Fees of $1,836,389 and $457,187, respectively, and the Institutional Class was charged Management Fees of $38,727 and $97,854, respectively, of which $779,208 and $43,296 remains payable as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Sponsor paid all expenses related to the initial offering, organization and start-up of the Trust and will not seek reimbursement for such amounts. The Sponsor is responsible for all ordinary operating expenses of the Trust, including administrative, custody, legal, audit, insurance, and other operating expenses.

 

8.

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Trust enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. The Trust’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Trust that have not yet occurred. The Trust expects the risk of any future obligation under these indemnifications to be remote.

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

9.

Financial Highlights

The following presents the financial highlights for the year ended December 31, 2020. Investor Class shares were outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2020, and Institutional Class shares were outstanding during the period January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020.

 

Per Share Performance    Investor
Class
    Institutional
Class
 

(for a share outstanding throughout the period)

    

Net asset value per share at beginning of period (3)

   $ 6.34     $ 64.09  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income: (3)

    

Net realized and change in unrealized gain on investments (1)

     18.67       17.10  

Net investment loss (1)

     (0.34     (0.52
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     18.33       16.58  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net asset value per share at end of period

   $ 24.67     $ 80.67 (2) 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total return

     289.05     25.88
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Data

    

Ratios to average net asset value

    

Expenses

     2.38     2.07
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment loss

     (2.38 )%      (2.07 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total returns are calculated based on the change in value of a share during the period. The total return and the ratios to average net asset value are calculated for each class as a whole. An individual Shareholder’s return and ratios may vary based on the timing of capital transactions. Ratios have been annualized for the Institutional Class for the period January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020, the date of conversion; total returns have not been annualized.

 

(1)

Net investment loss per share is calculated by dividing the net investment loss by the average number of shares outstanding during the period. Net realized and change in unrealized gain on investments is a balancing amount necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share with the other per share information.

(2)

Represents the net asset value per share at April 30, 2020, prior to conversion.

(3)

With respect to the per share performance of the Investor Class, the net asset value per share at the beginning of the period, as well as net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2020, were calculated based on a conversion rate of 10 per share (as disclosed in the statement of changes in net assets).

 

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Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Notes to Financial Statements

 

 

Financial highlights for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

Per Share Performance    Investor
Class
    Institutional
Class
 

(for a share outstanding throughout the year)

    

Net asset value per share at beginning of year

   $ 42.92     $ 43.16  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income:

    

Net realized and unrealized gains from investments (1)

     22.28       22.38  

Net investment loss (1)

     (1.80     (1.45
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     20.48       20.93  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net asset value per share at end of year

   $ 63.40     $ 64.09  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total return

     47.71     48.49
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Data

    

Ratios to average net asset value

    

Expenses

     2.48     1.98
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment loss

     (2.48 )%      (1.98 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total returns are calculated based on the change in value of a share during the period. The total return and the ratios to average net asset value are calculated for each class as a whole. An individual Shareholder’s return and ratios may vary based on the timing of capital transactions.

 

(1) 

Net investment loss per share is calculated by dividing the net investment loss by the average number of shares outstanding during the year. Net realized and change in unrealized gain on investments is a balancing amount necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share with the other per share information.

 

10.

Subsequent Events

During the period January 1, 2021 to April 22, 2021, subscriptions of $169,007,246 were made to the Trust.

The Sponsor has evaluated subsequent events through April 22, 2021, the date the financial statements were available to be issued, and has determined that there are no other subsequent events that require disclosure.

 

  F-22  


Table of Contents

(b) Exhibits

The following documents are filed as exhibits hereto:

 

Exhibit
Number
  

Exhibit Description

4.1    Trust Agreement
4.2    Certificate of Trust
4.3    Form of Subscription Agreement
10.1†    Custodial Services Agreement by and between Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC, Bitwise 10 Index Offshore Fund, Ltd., Digital Asset Index Fund, LLC, Bitwise Ethereum Fund, LLC, and Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC, dated March 6, 2019
10.2    Amendment No. 1 to the Custodial Services Agreement, dated May 22, 2020
10.3    License Agreement by and between Bitwise Index Services, LLC and Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC, dated May 28, 2020
10.4†    Transfer Agency and Registrar Services Agreement, by and between Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, dated May 12, 2020

 

Certain identified information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and is the type of information that the Registrant treats as private or confidential.


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC
as Sponsor of Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (BITW)
By:   /s/ Hunter Horsley
  Name: Hunter Horsley
  Title: President

Date: April 22, 2021

Exhibit 4.1

 

 

TRUST AGREEMENT

of

BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND

by and among

BITWISE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC

DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY

and

THE SHAREHOLDERS FROM TIME TO TIME HEREUNDER

 

 

Dated as of May 1, 2020


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page  

ARTICLE 1 ORGANIZATION

     2  

1.01.

   Name; Conversion      2  

1.02.

   Delaware Trustee; Trust Office; Declaration of Trust      2  

1.03.

   Objects and Purposes      2  

1.04.

   Legal Title      4  

1.05.

   The Index and Trust Investment Strategy      4  

ARTICLE 2 DEFINITIONS

     4  

2.01.

   Certain Definitions      4  

ARTICLE 3 SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS

     11  

3.01.

   Shareholders      11  

3.02.

   No Management or Control; Limited Liability      11  

3.03.

   Limitation of Liability      12  

3.04.

   Derivative Actions      12  

3.05.

   Share Certificates; Book-Entry Form      12  

ARTICLE 4 THE TRUSTEE

     13  

4.01.

   Term; Resignation; Removal      13  

4.02.

   Powers      14  

4.03.

   Compensation and Expenses of the Trustee      14  

4.04.

   Liability      14  

4.05.

   Successor Trustee      15  

4.06.

   Reliance; Advice of Counsel      16  

4.07.

   Payments to the Trustee      16  

4.08.

   Indemnification      16  

ARTICLE 5 MANAGEMENT

     17  

5.01.

   Management      17  

5.02.

   Authority of the Sponsor      17  

5.03.

   Payment of Costs and Expenses      20  

5.04.

   Reliance by Third Parties      21  

5.05.

   Other Activities      21  

5.06.

   Exculpation      21  

5.07.

   Indemnification      22  

5.08.

   Management Fee      22  

5.09.

   Reliance; Advice of Counsel      23  

ARTICLE 6 SHARES

     23  

6.01.

   Subscriptions      23  

6.02.

   Determining the Amounts of Shares Received      24  

6.03.

   Additional Subscriptions      24  

6.04.

   Other Offerings      24  

6.05.

   Share Price      24  

6.06.

   Valuation of Trust Estate      24  

6.07.

   Determination by the Sponsor of Certain Matters      25  

6.08.

   Distributions Generally      25  

6.09.

   Prior Fiscal Period Items            

 

i


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

          Page  

ARTICLE 7 REDEMPTIONS

     25  

7.01.

   Redemptions by Shareholders      25  

7.02.

   Payment for Redeemed Shareholders      27  

7.03.

   Mandatory Redemptions      27  

7.04.

   Limitations on Redemptions      27  

ARTICLE 8 ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES FOR FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES

     28  

8.01.

   Generally      28  

8.02.

   Ordinary Deductions and Ordinary Income      29  

8.03.

   Capital Gains and Capital Losses      29  

8.04.

   Allocations to Redeemed Shareholders      29  

8.05.

   Share Transfer Allocations      30  

ARTICLE 9 ASSIGNMENT OF SHARES

     30  

9.01.

   Assignment      30  

9.02.

   Conditions of Transfer      30  

9.03.

   Void Assignment      31  

9.04.

   Transfers of DTC Shares      31  

9.05.

   Effect of Transfer      31  

9.06.

   Effect of Death, Etc      31  

ARTICLE 10 BOOKS AND RECORDS

     32  

10.01.

   Fiscal Year      32  

10.02.

   Books and Records      32  

10.03.

   Financial Reports      32  

10.04.

   Bank Accounts, Digital Accounts and Custodian      32  

10.05.

   Tax Returns      32  

10.06.

   Tax Matters Partner      33  

10.07.

   Partnership Representative and Audits      33  

10.08.

   Tax Elections      34  

ARTICLE 11 DISSOLUTION AND TERMINATION

     34  

11.01.

   Dissolution      34  

11.02.

   Removal of the Sponsor      35  

11.03.

   Procedure      35  

11.04.

   Return of Contribution Solely Out of Trust Assets      35  

ARTICLE 12 POWER OF ATTORNEY

     36  

12.01.

   Power of Attorney      36  

ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS

     36  

13.01.

   Amendments to this Agreement      36  

13.02.

   Notices      37  

13.03.

   Entire Agreement      38  

13.04.

   Severability      38  

13.05.

   Captions and Gender      38  

 

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

          Page  

13.06.

   Law Governing      38  

13.07.

   Successors and Assigns      38  

13.08.

   Additional Instruments      38  

13.09.

   Waiver of Right to Partition      38  

13.10.

   Anti-Money Laundering and Securities Laws      38  

13.11.

   No Third-Party Rights      39  

13.12.

   No Legal Title to Trust Estate      39  

13.13.

   No Recourse      39  

13.14.

   Execution in Counterparts      39  

 

iii


BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND

TRUST AGREEMENT

 

 

This TRUST AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”) of Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), by and among Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as the Sponsor (as hereinafter defined), Delaware Trust Company, as the Trustee (as hereinafter defined), and the Shareholders (as hereinafter defined) from time to time hereunder, is hereby made effective as of the Effective Time (as defined below). Each capitalized term used in this Agreement without definition shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.01.

BACKGROUND

 

  A.

Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC (the “Company”) was originally formed as a Delaware limited liability company.

 

  B.

The manager of the Company proposed the conversion of the Company from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware statutory trust in order to facilitate the potential quotation of the Shares (as hereinafter defined) on the OTCQX Best Marketplace (“OTCQX”).

 

  C.

The manager of the Company and the requisite members of Company adopted resolutions approving the conversion of the Company to a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Conversion (the “Plan”) and the terms of this Agreement, which reflects certain changes required to be made in connection with the Conversion and the quotation of the Shares on the OTCQX, including the potential cessation of the Trust’s redemption program as described in Article 7 of this Agreement.

 

  D.

At the effective time (the “Effective Time”) of the Certificate of Conversion from a Limited Liability Company to Statutory Trust and the Certificate of Trust of the Trust (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Trust Certificate”), each as filed with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Secretary of State”), the Company was converted to a statutory trust (the “Conversion”) pursuant to Section 18-216 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (6 Del. C. § 18-101, et seq.), as amended from time to time (the “LLC Act”), and Section 3820 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del. C. § 3801, et seq.), as amended from time to time (the “Trust Act”).

 

  E.

Pursuant to this Agreement and the Conversion, at the Effective Time, all Units (as defined in the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company, dated as of September 24, 2018 (the “LLC Agreement”)) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Conversion were converted into all of the beneficial interests in the Trust.

In consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

1


ARTICLE 1

ORGANIZATION

1.01. Name; Conversion. The Trust shall be known as “Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund” in which name the Trust and, if necessary, the Trustee on behalf of the Trust, may conduct the business of the Trust, make and execute contracts and other instruments and sue and be sued. The Trust was formed as a Delaware limited liability company effective as of September 18, 2017. Effective as of the Effective Time, (i) the Certificate of Formation of the Company and the LLC Agreement are replaced and superseded in their entirety by the Certificate of Trust of the Trust and this Agreement, (ii) all Units held by members of the Company immediately prior to the Conversion are converted into all of the Shares of the Trust, in the amounts determined pursuant to the Plan, and (iii) the Company is being continued without dissolution in the form of a Delaware statutory trust. The Trustee has executed, delivered and filed the Certificate of Trust of the Trust, Hunter Horsley has executed, delivered and filed the Certificate of Conversion to Limited Liability Company, in such person’s capacity as “authorized person” of the Company within the meaning of the LLC Act, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (such filings being hereby approved and ratified in all respects).

1.02. Delaware Trustee; Trust Office; Declaration of Trust.

(a) The sole Trustee of the Trust is Delaware Trust Company, which is located at 251 Little Falls Road, Wilmington, DE 19808 or at such other address in the State of Delaware as the Trustee may designate in writing to the Shareholders. The Trustee shall receive service of process on the Trust in the State of Delaware at the foregoing address. In the event Delaware Trust Company resigns or is removed as the Trustee, the trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware shall be the successor Trustee appointed in accordance with Section 4.01.

(b) The principal business address of the Trust shall be as set forth in Section 13.02 hereof or at such location as the Sponsor may hereafter designate by notice to the Shareholders.

(c) The Trust Estate shall be held in trust for the Shareholders. It is the intention of the parties hereto that the Trust shall be a statutory trust, under the Trust Act and that this Agreement shall constitute the governing instrument of the Trust. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to make the Shareholders members of a limited liability company, joint stock association, corporation or, except for tax purposes as provided in Section 10.08, partners in a partnership. Effective as of the Effective Time, the Trustee and the Sponsor shall have all of the rights, powers and duties set forth herein and in the Trust Act with respect to accomplishing the purposes of the Trust.

1.03. Objects and Purposes. The Trust’s purpose is to engage in the transaction of any and all lawful businesses and activities that a statutory trust may carry on under the Trust Act and the laws of any other jurisdiction in which the Trust is so engaged, including, without limitation, investing in Portfolio Crypto Assets that track the Index and any business or activities incidental thereto or in support thereof. Subject to and in furtherance of the principal purpose of the Trust, the Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, shall have authority to do all things necessary or convenient for the accomplishment thereof, alone or with others, as principal or agent, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following:

(a) to purchase (for cash or on credit), sell, invest, trade, hold, receive, mortgage, pledge, transfer, exchange, or otherwise acquire or dispose of Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities, real estate and other property and investments of any and all kinds;

 

2


(b) to hold all or any part of the assets or funds of the Trust in cash or cash equivalents;

(c) to borrow or obtain credit from time to time, including for the purpose of financing transactions in Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities or other investments, to secure the payment of any such indebtedness or credit by lien, pledge, conveyance or assignment in trust of the whole or any part of the assets of the Trust, whether at the time owned or thereafter acquired, to enter into repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements and/or securities lending agreements, and to buy, sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any evidence of such indebtedness or obligation;

(d) to lend any of the Trust’s assets or funds, including any Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities, either with or without security;

(e) to open, maintain and close accounts, including margin and discretionary accounts, with brokers and/or dealers, and to pay commissions, fees and other charges applicable to transactions in all such accounts including to utilize brokerage accounts to obtain other services and benefits for the Trust or the Sponsor;

(f) to open, maintain and close bank accounts and draw checks and other orders for the payment of money;

(g) to engage accountants, custodians, attorneys, investment advisers, administrators, placement agents, consultants and any and all other agents and assistants, both professional and nonprofessional, and to compensate them for such services;

(h) to file all forms and documents, or take such other action as may be necessary or appropriate, with state, federal or foreign governments, agencies or self-regulatory organizations, to register Shares for sale, or to qualify for exemptions therefrom, or to register as a broker or dealer with such governments or organizations;

(i) to sue, prosecute, settle or compromise all claims against third parties, to compromise, settle or accept judgment in respect of claims against the Trust, and to execute all documents and make all representations, admissions and waivers in connection therewith;

(j) to have and maintain one or more offices within or without the State of Delaware and, in connection therewith, to rent, lease or purchase office space, facilities and equipment, to engage and pay personnel and do such other acts and things and incur such other expenses on behalf of the Trust as may be necessary or advisable in connection with the maintenance of such office or offices and the conduct of the business of the Trust;

(k) to combine purchase or sale orders on behalf of the Trust with orders for other accounts to which the Sponsor or any of its affiliates provides investment services and allocate the securities or other assets so purchased or sold, subject to applicable law;

(l) to organize one or more corporations or other entities formed to hold record title, as nominee for the Trust (whether alone or together with the other accounts managed by the Sponsor or its affiliates), to Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities or other assets of the Trust;

 

3


(m) to invest in pooled investment vehicles or separately managed accounts, which investments shall be subject in each case to the terms and conditions of the respective governing document for such vehicle or account;

(n) to perform any and all acts on behalf of the Trust, and exercise all rights of the Trust with respect to its interest in any Person, including, without limitation, the voting of Securities, if any, participation in arrangements with creditors, the institution and settlement or compromise of suits and administrative proceedings and other like or similar matters; and

(o) to enter into, make and perform all other contracts, indemnifications, guarantees, agreements and undertakings of any kind as the Sponsor may deem necessary, appropriate, advisable or incident to carrying out the foregoing objects and purposes of the Trust.

1.04. Legal Title. Legal title to all of the Trust Estate shall be vested in the Trust as a separate legal entity; provided, however, that if applicable law in any jurisdiction requires legal title to any portion of the Trust Estate to be vested otherwise, the Sponsor may cause legal title to such portion of the Trust Estate to be held by or in the name of the Sponsor or any other Person (other than a Shareholder) as nominee.

1.05. The Index and Trust Investment Strategy.

(a) The Sponsor shall design and control the Index to be comprised of the crypto assets selected in the sole discretion of the Sponsor based on criteria developed by the Sponsor. The Sponsor may make changes to the Index as well as the criteria used to develop the Index at any time in its sole discretion. The Sponsor shall grant a nonexclusive license to the Trust for the use of the Index, the license of which may be terminated at such time and on such terms, including with respect to license fees, as determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion.

(b) In furtherance of its objects and purposes, the Trust will invest all or substantially all of the Trust Estate in Portfolio Crypto Assets that track (in composition and allocation) the Index as closely as possible with certain exceptions determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion, including without limitation that the Trust will not invest in any crypto asset that is, or the Sponsor reasonably determines may be, considered a “security” under the U.S. securities laws, or any crypto asset that the Sponsor reasonably determines is or may be fraudulent or otherwise at high risk to investors. The Sponsor will reevaluate the portfolio of the Trust Estate on a monthly basis based on real-time crypto asset prices published on public exchanges weighted for volume and price variances, subject to availability of information. Any of these investment restrictions or methodologies contained in this Section 1.05(b) may be removed or waived at any time in the sole discretion of the Sponsor upon prior notice of such modification or waiver to the Shareholders.

ARTICLE 2

DEFINITIONS

2.01. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the following respective meanings:

(a) “Additional Contribution” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.03 hereof.

(b) “Adjusted Basis” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(b) hereof.

 

4


(c) “Adjusted Basis Share” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(b) hereof.

(d) “Administrator” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(i).

(e) “Affiliated Party” and “Affiliated Parties” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.06 hereof.

(f) “Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

(g) “Auditor” means Cohen & Company, as the initial auditor of the Trust, and includes any successor auditor appointed by the Sponsor.

(h) “Business Day” means a day on which banks are open for normal banking business in San Francisco, California, except as the Sponsor may specify otherwise in its discretion.

(i) “Carrying Value” shall mean, with respect to any Trust asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except that: (i) the initial Carrying Value of any asset contributed by a Shareholder to the Trust shall be the fair market value of such asset at the time of such contribution, and (ii) the Carrying Values of all Trust assets may be adjusted to equal their respective fair market values upon the occurrence of any of the events listed in Treasury Regulations § 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f)(5); provided, however, that adjustments pursuant to this clause (ii) (other than in a liquidation of the Trust within the meaning of Treasury Regulations § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g)) shall be made only if the Sponsor reasonably determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic value of the Shares in the Trust. The Carrying Value of any Trust asset distributed with respect to any Share shall be adjusted immediately prior to such distribution to equal its fair market value. In the case of any asset that has a Carrying Value that differs from its adjusted tax basis, Carrying Value shall be adjusted by the amount of depreciation calculated for purposes of the definition of “Profits and Losses” rather than the amount of depreciation determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(j) “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

(k) “Contribution” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.01(a) hereof.

(l) “Custodian” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(i).

(m) “Custody Charge” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(a) hereof.

(n) “Delaware Secretary of State” shall have the meaning set forth in the Background Section hereof.

(o) “discretion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.01. Whenever reference is made herein to the Sponsor’s “discretion,” it shall mean its “sole and absolute discretion.”

(p) “DTC” shall mean The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation. DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under New York law, a member of the U.S. Federal Reserve System and a clearing agency registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

5


(q) “DTC Shareholder” shall mean each Shareholder that beneficially owns DTC Shares.

(r) “DTC Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.04.

(s) “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(t) “Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.08.

(u) “FinCEN” means the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, a bureau of the U.S. Department of Treasury.

(v) “Fiscal Year” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.01 hereof.

(w) “Full Redemption” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(d) hereof.

(x) “gains/losses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(a) hereof.

(y) “Global Security” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.06(b).

(z) “Indemnified Party” and “Indemnified Parties” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.07 hereof.

(aa) “Index” shall mean the Bitwise 10 Large Cap Crypto Index, as such index is further described in Section 1.05 hereof.

(bb) “Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time, together with any successor statute, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(cc) “Liabilities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.07(a).

(dd) “liquidating trustee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.03.

(ee) “Redemption Cutoff Date” shall mean the date that is six (6) business days prior to the date on which a market maker for the Shares determines the opening quotation price or similar trading price of the Shares on a Secondary Market or such other date determined in the Sponsor’s reasonable discretion to be necessary in order to comply with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

(ff) “LLC Act” shall have the meaning set forth in the Background Section hereof.

(gg) “LLC Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the Background Section hereof.

(hh) “Lock-Up Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(a) hereof.

(ii) “Management Fee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.08(a) hereof.

(jj) “Net Losses” shall mean the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of Securities Losses and Net Operating Losses, over (ii) the sum of Securities Gains and Net Operating Profits.

 

6


(kk) “Net Operating Losses” shall mean the excess, if any, of all expenses incurred by the Trust (other than expenses incurred in the purchase, sale or other disposition of Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities) over the aggregate income earned by the Trust from all sources whatsoever (other than from the purchase, sale or other disposition of Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities).

(ll) “Net Operating Profits” shall mean the excess, if any, of the aggregate income earned by the Trust from all sources whatsoever (other than from the purchase, sale or other disposition of Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities) over all expenses incurred by the Trust (other than expenses incurred in the purchase, sale or other disposition of Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities).

(mm) “Net Profits” shall mean the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of Securities Gains and Net Operating Profits, over (ii) the sum of Securities Losses and Net Operating Losses.

(nn) “notices” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.02.

(oo) “Organizational Expense” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(c) hereof.

(pp) “Partnership Adjustment” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.07(a).

(qq) “Partnership Representative” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.07 hereof.

(rr) “Pass-Thru Shareholder” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.06 hereof.

(ss) “Per Share Capital Account” means, for each Share, a separate account that is:

(i) Increased by: (A) the Share Price and (B) allocations of Profit with respect to such Share pursuant to Article 8;

(ii) Decreased by: (A) the amount of cash distributed to a Shareholder with respect to such Share by the Trust; (B) the fair market value of any other property distributed to a Shareholder with respect to such Share by the Trust (determined as of the time of distribution and net of liabilities secured by such property that the Shareholder assumes or to which the Shareholder’s ownership of the property is subject); and (C) allocations of Loss to a Shareholder with respect to such Share pursuant to Article 8; and

(iii) Otherwise adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; and

(iv) Revalued in connection with any event described in paragraph (ii) of the definition of “Carrying Value” including, but not limited to, adjustment of Per Share Capital Accounts pursuant to Treasury Regulations § 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f)(5)(v) to the extent the Sponsor determines that a revaluation is necessary to preserve the economic arrangement of the Shares.

Per Share Capital Accounts shall be maintained in accordance with Treasury Regulations § 1.704-1(b) and specifically in a manner consistent with a Shareholder’s interest in the Trust and the provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such regulations and intent.

 

7


(tt) “Percentage Interest” means, with respect to any Shareholder at any time, a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of Shares held by such Shareholder and the denominator of which is the total number of Shares outstanding.

(uu) “Person” shall mean any individual or entity including, without limitation, a corporate entity, and the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of such Person where the context so admits; and, unless the context otherwise requires, the singular shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders, and vice versa.

(vv) “Plan” shall have the meaning set forth in the Background Section hereof.

(ww) “Portfolio Crypto Asset” shall mean each crypto or digital asset invested in, directly or indirectly, by the Trust.

(xx) “Profits and Losses” shall mean, for any period, the Trust’s items of income and gain as well as loss, expense and deduction as determined in accordance with the accounting method used by the Trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes with the following adjustments: (i) any items that are specially allocated pursuant to Section 8.01(b) shall not be taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss; (ii) any income of the Trust that is exempt from U.S. federal income taxation and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits and Losses shall be added to such taxable income or loss; (iii) if the Carrying Value of any asset differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any gain or loss resulting from a disposition of such asset shall be calculated with reference to such Carrying Value; (iv) upon an adjustment to the Carrying Value of any asset (other than an adjustment in respect of depreciation), pursuant to the definition of Carrying Value, the amount of the adjustment shall be included as gain or loss in computing such taxable income or loss; (v) if the Carrying Value of any asset differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions with respect to such asset shall for purposes of determining Profits and Losses be an amount which bears the same ratio to such Carrying Value as the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions bears to such adjusted tax basis (provided that if the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction is zero, the Sponsor may use any reasonable method for purposes of determining depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions in calculating Profits and Losses); and (vi) except for items in (i) above, any expenditures of the Trust not deductible in computing taxable income or loss, not properly capitalizable and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits and Losses pursuant to this definition shall be treated as deductible items.

(yy) “Redemption Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(c) hereof.

(zz) “Redemption Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.02 hereof.

(aaa) “Representative” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.06 hereof.

(bbb) “Secondary Market” shall mean any marketplace or other alternative trading system, as determined by the Sponsor, on which the Shares may then be listed, quoted or traded, including but not limited to, the OTCQX tier of the OTC Markets Group Inc. and NYSE Arca, Inc.

(ccc) “Securities” means all forms of securities (including, without limitation, equity and debt securities) and other financial instruments of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, including, without limiting the generality thereof: listed and unlisted capital stock; pre-organization certificates and subscriptions; shares of beneficial interests; American Depositary Receipts and European Depositary

 

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Receipts; exchange traded funds; partnership interests and similar financial instruments; bonds, notes, and debentures (whether subordinated, convertible or otherwise); preferred stock, common stock, rights, units, certificates of beneficial interests, warrants, put and call options on equity securities, and interests in real estate investment trusts; shares of and interests in investment companies; asset backed securities; currencies; crypto assets; tokens; commodities; interest rate, currency, commodity and equity derivative products, including, without limitation, (i) futures contracts (and options thereon) relating to currencies, stock indices, United States government securities and securities of foreign governments, other financial instruments and all other commodities, (ii) swaps, options, warrants, rights, caps, puts, calls, collars, floors and forward rate agreements, (iii) spot and forward currency transactions, and (iv) agreements relating to or securing such transactions; loans and any participations therein; credit paper; accounts and notes receivable and payable held by trade or other creditors; trade acceptances; contract and other claims; executory contracts and participations therein; money market funds; mutual funds; commercial paper; certificates of deposit; bankers’ acceptances; choses in action; trust receipts and other obligations; instruments or evidences of indebtedness of whatever kind or nature, whether or not publicly traded or readily marketable; in each case whether created or issued by U.S. or non-U.S. persons, firms, associations, corporations, partnerships, syndicates, combinations, trusts, organizations, governments, subdivisions thereof or any other entity.

(ddd) “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(eee) “Securities Gains” shall mean the aggregate realized and unrealized increase in the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities and other investments of the Trust as determined pursuant to Article 6 hereof.

(fff) “Securities Losses” shall mean the aggregate realized and unrealized decrease in the value of Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities and other investments of the Trust as determined pursuant to Article 6 hereof.

(ggg) “Share Price” means, with respect to any Share, the price determined in accordance with Section 6.05 hereof.

(hhh) “Shareholder” means with respect to any Share, the Person that owns the ultimate economic beneficial interest in such Share and does not hold the Share as a mere nominee or custodian for another Person.

(iii) “Shares” shall mean the units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in the profits, losses, distributions, capital and assets of, and ownership of, the Trust.

(jjj) “Sponsor” shall mean Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or any substitute therefor as provided herein, or any successor thereto by merger or operation of law.

(kkk) “Sponsor Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(a) hereof.

(lll) “Subscription Agreement” shall mean each form of agreement by which any Shareholder agrees to subscribe for and purchase one or more Shares (or fractional unit thereof).

(mmm) “Subscription Date” shall mean each date on which the Trust accepts new or Additional Contributions.

(nnn) “Tax Matters Partner” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.06 hereof.

 

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(ooo) “Title XI 2015 BBA” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.07 hereof.

(ppp) “Transfer” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.01 hereof.

(qqq) “Transferee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.02(a) hereof.

(rrr) “Transferor” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.02(b) hereof.

(sss) “Transfer Agent” shall mean American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, or any other Person from time to time engaged to provide such services or related services to the Trust pursuant to authority delegated by the Sponsor.

(ttt) “Trust” shall mean Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund, a Delaware statutory trust, of which this Agreement is the governing instrument.

(uuu) “Trust Act” shall have the meaning set forth in the Background Section hereof.

(vvv) “Trust Certificate” shall have the meaning set forth in the Background Section hereof.

(www) “Trust Estate” means (i) all the Portfolio Crypto Assets and Securities owned by or on behalf of the Trust, (ii) all other property and investments of any and all kinds held by the Trust, (iii) all proceeds from the sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities, and any other property or investments held by the Trust pending use of such cash for payment of Trust Expenses or distribution to the Shareholders, and (iv) any rights of the Trust pursuant to any agreements, other than this Agreement, to which the Trust is a party.

(xxx) “Trust Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(d) hereof.

(yyy) “Trustee” shall mean Delaware Trust Company, its successors and assigns, or any substitute therefor as provided herein, acting not in its individual capacity but solely as trustee of the Trust.

(zzz) “Trustee Indemnified Person” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.08.

(aaaa) “Weekly Redemption Cut Off” shall mean 14:00 Pacific Time (“PT”) on each Monday that the banks in the State of California are open for business. When the banks in the State of California are closed (for example, certain U.S. holidays), the Weekly Redemption Cut Off will occur the previous day that the banks are open for business. For example, if the banks are closed on Monday and open on the previous Friday, the Weekly Redemption Cut Off will be the previous Friday at 14:00 PT.

(bbbb) “Weekly Subscription Cut Off” shall mean 15:00 PT on each Wednesday that the banks in the State of California are open for business. When the banks in the State of California are closed (for example, certain U.S. holidays), the Weekly Subscription Cut Off will occur the next day that the banks are open for business. For example, if the banks are closed on Wednesday and open on Thursday, the Weekly Subscription Cut Off will be Thursday at 15:00 PT.

(cccc) “Weekly Valuation” shall mean 16:00 Eastern Time (“ET”) on each Wednesday that the banks in the State of California are open for business. When the banks in the State of California are closed, the Weekly Valuation will occur the next succeeding day that the banks are open for business.

 

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ARTICLE 3

SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS

3.01. Shareholders.

(a) Effective as of the Effective Time, (i) each Person that, immediately prior to the Effective Time, held Units is hereby issued 10 Shares for each Unit held by that Person immediately prior to the Effective Time, in accordance with the Plan; provided that (ii) each Person that, immediately prior to the Effective Time, held Units subject to a Management Fee (as defined in the LLC Agreement) of 2.0% per annum in pursuant to Section 3.08(a) of the LLC Agreement or pursuant to a separate agreement entered into in accordance with the terms of Section 3.08(a) of the LLC Agreement, is hereby issued 10.126022288931 Shares for each Unit held by that Person immediately prior to the Effective Time, in accordance with the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no fractional Shares shall be issued pursuant to the Conversion, and any fractional Share that any Person would otherwise be entitled to receive in connection with the conversion and exchange of Units into Shares pursuant to the Plan that is less than 0.5 Share shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Share and any such fractional Share equal to or greater than 0.5 Share shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Share. All such Shares, when so issued, shall be fully paid and non-assessable. The Sponsor, directly or through the Transfer Agent, may maintain any records it deems necessary or advisable regarding the name, identity, address and other identifying information of each or any Shareholder, the amount (if any) of any Shareholder’s contributions (including deemed contributions) to the Trust (each, a “Contribution”), the number of Shares held by any Shareholder, whether any or all of those Shares are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act, and any other relevant information about one or more Shareholders and the Shares owned by that Shareholder. Any amendment or supplement of these records shall not require compliance with Section 13.01 hereof.

(b) At the Effective Time, each of the Persons holding Units immediately prior to the Conversion automatically became a Shareholder upon the issuance to such Person of such number of Shares as determined in accordance with the Plan.

(c) All Shares shall represent an equal proportionate beneficial interest in the Trust Estate subject to the liabilities of the Trust, and each Share’s interest in the Trust Estate shall be equal to each other Share.

3.02. No Management or Control; Limited Liability. The Shareholders shall not, in their capacity as Shareholders, participate in the management or control of the Trust nor shall they enter into any transaction on behalf of the Trust or have the power to sign for or bind the Trust, said power being vested solely and exclusively in the Sponsor. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, no Shareholder shall be bound by, or be personally liable for, the expenses, liabilities or obligations of the Trust in excess of the aggregate value of the Shares owned by that Shareholder, determined by aggregating the Share Price of all of the Shares owned by that Shareholder at the time of determination. No salary shall be paid to any Shareholder in its capacity as a Shareholder, nor shall any Shareholder have a drawing account or earn interest on its Percentage Interest of the Trust Estate. By the purchase and acceptance or other lawful delivery and acceptance of Shares, each owner of such Shares shall be deemed to be a Shareholder and beneficiary of the Trust and vested with a beneficial undivided interest in the Trust to the extent of the Shares owned beneficially by such Shareholder, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

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3.03. Limitation of Liability. The Shareholders shall be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the General Corporation Law of Delaware and no Shareholder shall be liable for claims against or debts of the Trust in excess of the aggregate value of the Shares owned by that Shareholder, determined by aggregating the Share Price of all of the Shares owned by that Shareholder at the time of determination. In addition, and subject to the exceptions set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, the Trust shall not make a claim against a Shareholder with respect to amounts distributed to such Shareholder or amounts received by such Shareholder upon redemption of such Shareholder’s Shares unless, under Delaware law, such Shareholder is liable to repay such amount. No Shareholder shall be obligated or required to make any Additional Contributions.

3.04. Derivative Actions.

(a) Subject to any other requirements of applicable law including Section 3816 of the Trust Act, no Shareholder shall have the right, power or authority to bring or maintain a derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust, other than claims under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, unless two or more Shareholders who (i) are not Affiliates of one another and (ii) collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing or maintaining of such action, suit or other proceeding.

(b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (i) the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Sponsor to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Sponsor to bring such an action is not likely to succeed; and a demand on the Sponsor shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if the Sponsor has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and the Sponsor shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that the Sponsor receives remuneration for its service as the Sponsor or as a sponsor of one or more companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (ii) unless a demand is not required under clause (i) of this paragraph, the Sponsor must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim; and the Sponsor shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Sponsor determines not to bring such action.

3.05. Share Certificates; Book-Entry Form.

(a) Shares may be held in book-entry form by or on behalf of the Sponsor or through a transfer agent, or the Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, cause the Trust to issue Shares in certificated form.

(b) The Sponsor may in its sole discretion cause DTC Shares to be represented by a global certificate or certificates as required by DTC (the “Global Security”), which will be registered, as DTC shall direct, in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC, and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. If DTC Shares are represented by the Global Security, no other certificates evidencing such DTC Shares will be issued. DTC Shareholders will not be entitled to have DTC Shares registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificates in definitive form and will not be considered the record or registered holder of such Shares under this Agreement. Accordingly, to exercise any rights of a Shareholder under this Agreement, DTC Shareholders must rely on the procedures of DTC.

(c) DTC Shares shall be held in book-entry form by the Transfer Agent.

 

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ARTICLE 4

THE TRUSTEE

4.01. Term; Resignation; Removal.

(a) Delaware Trust Company has been appointed and hereby agrees to serve as the Trustee of the Trust. The Trust shall have only one Trustee unless otherwise determined by the Sponsor. The Trustee shall serve until such time as the Trust is terminated or if the Sponsor removes the Trustee or the Trustee resigns. The Trustee is appointed to serve as the trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware and shall at all times satisfy the requirements of Section 3807(a) of the Trust Act and be authorized to exercise corporate trust powers under the laws of Delaware, having a combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If the Trustee publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Article 4 the combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of the Trustee shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible to serve as trustee of the Trust in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4.01, the Trustee shall resign promptly in the manner and with the effect specified in this Article 4. The Trustee may have normal banking and trust relationships with the Sponsor and their respective Affiliates; provided that none of (i) the Sponsor, (ii) any Person involved in the organization or operation of the Sponsor or the Trust or (iii) any Affiliate of any of them may be the Trustee hereunder. The Trust shall have at least one trustee with a principal place of business in Delaware. It is understood and agreed by the parties hereto that the Trustee shall have none of the duties or liabilities of the Sponsor and shall have no obligation to supervise or monitor the Sponsor or otherwise manage the Trust and no such duties shall be implied. To the extent, at law or in equity, the Trustee has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Trust or the Sponsor, it is hereby understood and agreed by the parties hereto that such duties and liabilities are replaced by the duties and liabilities of the Trustee expressly set forth in this Agreement.

(b) By its execution hereof, the Trustee accepts the trust created herein. Except as otherwise expressly required by clause (a) above, the Trustee shall not have any duty or liability under this Agreement or with respect to the Trust or the administration of the Trust, the investment of the Trust’s property or the payment of dividends or other distributions of income or principal to the Shareholders.

(c) The Trustee is permitted to resign upon at least sixty (60) days’ notice to the Sponsor upon which date such resignation shall be effective; provided, however, that said resignation shall not be effective until such time as a successor Trustee has accepted such appointment in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.05.

(d) If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible to serve as trustee of the Trust in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, or if at any time the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then the Sponsor may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and the successor trustee. The Sponsor may at any time, upon sixty (60) days’ prior notice to the Trustee, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument or instruments, in triplicate, signed by the Sponsor or its attorney-in-fact duly authorized, one complete set of which instruments shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one complete set to the successor so appointed.

 

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4.02. Powers. Except to the extent expressly set forth in this Article 4, the duty and authority to manage the affairs of the Trust is vested in the Sponsor, which duty and authority the Sponsor may further delegate as provided herein, all pursuant to Section 3806(b)(7) of the Trust Act. The duties of the Trustee shall be limited to (i) accepting legal process served on the Trust in the State of Delaware, (ii) the execution and filing of the Certificate of Trust of the Trust and of any other certificates required to be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State which the Trustee is required to execute under Section 3811 of the Trust Act, (iii) maintaining all records necessary to form and maintain the existence of the Trust under the Trust Act, and (iv) any other duties specifically allocated to the Trustee in this Agreement. The Trustee shall provide prompt notice to the Sponsor of its performance of any of the foregoing. The Sponsor shall reasonably keep the Trustee informed of any actions taken by the Sponsor with respect to the Trust that would reasonably be expected to affect the rights, obligations or liabilities of the Trustee hereunder or under the Trust Act.

4.03. Compensation and Expenses of the Trustee. The Trustee shall be entitled to receive from the Sponsor or an Affiliate of the Sponsor (including the Trust) reasonable compensation for its services hereunder as set forth in a separate fee agreement and shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Sponsor or an Affiliate of the Sponsor (including the Trust) for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it in the performance of its duties hereunder. The Trustee may consult with counsel (who may be counsel for the Sponsor or for the Trustee). The reasonable legal fees incurred in connection with such consultation shall be reimbursed to the Trustee pursuant to this Section 4.03, provided that no such fees shall be payable to the extent that they are incurred as a result of the Trustee’s gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. The Trustee may earn compensation in the form of short-term interest (“float”) on items like uncashed distribution checks (from the date issued until the date cashed), funds that the Trustee is directed not to invest, deposits awaiting investment direction or received too late to be invested overnight in previously directed investments. Nothing in the preceding sentence means, or should be interpreted as meaning, that this Agreement contemplates that the Trustee will, or that the Trust, the Sponsor or any other Person acting pursuant to this Agreement will direct the Trustee to, receive checks or other value from Shareholders or others, invest funds on behalf of the Trust, hold deposits on behalf of the Trust, or take any similar actions.

4.04. Liability. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 4, including without limitation the second sentence of this Section 4.04, in accepting the trust created hereby, the Trustee acts solely as trustee hereunder and not in its individual capacity, and all Persons having any claim against the Trustee by reason of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other agreement to which the Trust is a party shall look only to the Trust Estate for payment or satisfaction thereof. The Trustee shall not be liable or accountable hereunder to the Trust or to any other Person or under any other agreement to which the Trust is a party, except for the Trustee’s own fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct. In particular, but not by way of limitation:

(a) The Trustee shall have no liability or responsibility for the validity or sufficiency of this Agreement or for the form, character, genuineness, sufficiency, enforceability, collectability, location, existence, value or validity of the Trust Estate;

(b) The Trustee has not prepared or verified, and shall not be responsible or liable for, any information, disclosure or other statement in the disclosure statement distributed to members of the Company in connection with the Conversion or in any other document issued or delivered in connection with the sale or transfer of the Shares;

 

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(c) The Trustee shall not be liable for any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with the instructions of the Sponsor or the liquidating trustee;

(d) The Trustee shall not have any liability for the acts or omissions of the Sponsor, the Custodian, the Administrator or their respective delegates;

(e) The Trustee shall have no duty or obligation to supervise the performance of any obligations of the Sponsor, the Custodian, the Administrator or their respective delegates;

(f) No provision of this Agreement shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its rights or powers hereunder;

(g) Under no circumstances shall the Trustee be liable for any obligations of the Trust arising under this Agreement or any other agreements to which the Trust is a party; and

(h) Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Trustee shall not be required to take any action in any jurisdiction other than in the State of Delaware if the taking of such action will (i) require the consent or approval or authorization or order of, or the giving of notice to, or the registration with or taking of any action in respect of, any state or other governmental authority or agency of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware, (ii) result in any fee, tax or other governmental charge becoming payable by the Trustee under the laws of any jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof other than the State of Delaware or (iii) subject the Trustee to personal jurisdiction, other than in the State of Delaware, for causes of action arising from personal acts unrelated to the consummation of the actions of the Trustee contemplated by this Agreement.

(i) The Trustee shall not be personally liable for any error in judgment made in good faith, except to the extent such judgment constitutes gross negligence on its part;

(j) Under no circumstances shall the Trustee be personally liable for any representation, warranty, covenant, agreement, or indebtedness of the Trust;

(k) The Trustee shall not be liable for punitive, exemplary, consequential, special or other similar damages under any circumstances; and

(l) The Trustee shall not be obligated to give any bond or other security for the performance of its duties hereunder.

4.05. Successor Trustee. Upon the resignation or removal of the Trustee, the Sponsor shall appoint a successor Trustee by delivering a written instrument to the outgoing Trustee. Any successor Trustee must satisfy the requirements of Section 3807 of the Trust Act. If no successor Trustee shall have been appointed and shall have accepted such appointment within sixty (60) days after giving notice of resignation or removal, the Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. The successor Trustee shall become fully vested with all of the rights, powers, duties and obligations of the outgoing Trustee under this Agreement, with like effect as if originally named as Trustee, and the outgoing Trustee shall be discharged of its duties and obligations under this Agreement. Any business entity into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any entity resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, to the fullest extent permitted by law without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.

 

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4.06. Reliance; Advice of Counsel.

(a) In the absence of bad faith, the Trustee may conclusively rely upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Agreement in determining the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions contained therein, and shall incur no liability to anyone in acting or not acting on any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, report, opinion, bond or other document or paper believed by it to be genuine and believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties and need not investigate any fact or matter pertaining to, or contained in, any such document; provided, however, that the Trustee shall have examined any certificates and opinions so as to reasonably determine compliance of such certificates and opinions with the requirements of this Agreement. The Trustee may accept a certified copy of a resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of any corporate party as conclusive evidence that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that such resolution is in full force and effect. As to any fact or matter the method of the determination of which is not specifically prescribed in this Agreement, the Trustee may for all purposes hereof rely on a certificate, signed by the president, any vice president, the treasurer or any other authorized officers of the relevant party, as to such fact or matter, and such certificate shall constitute full protection to the Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in reliance thereon.

(b) In the exercise or administration of the Trust hereunder and in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement, the Trustee, at the expense of the Trust (i) may act directly or through its agents, attorneys, custodians or nominees pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and the Trustee shall not be liable for the conduct or misconduct of such agents, attorneys, custodians or nominees if such agents, attorneys, custodians or nominees shall have been selected by the Trustee with reasonable care and (ii) may consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled professionals to be selected with reasonable care by it. The Trustee shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in good faith by it in accordance with the opinion or advice of any such counsel, accountant or other such Persons.

4.07. Payments to the Trustee. Any amounts paid to the Trustee pursuant to this Article 4 shall be deemed not to be a part of the Trust Estate immediately after such payment. Any amounts owing to the Trustee under this Agreement shall constitute a claim against the Trust Estate. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, all payments to the Trustee, including fees, expenses and any amounts paid in connection with indemnification of the Trustee in accordance with the terms of this Agreement will be payable only in U.S. Dollars.

4.08. Indemnification. The Trustee or any officer, affiliate, director, employee or agent of the Trustee (each, a “Trustee Indemnified Person”) shall be entitled to indemnification from the Sponsor or the Trust, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any and all losses, claims, taxes, damages, reasonable expenses, and liabilities (including liabilities under State or federal securities law) of any kind and nature whatsoever (collectively, “Expenses”), to the extent that such Expenses arise out of or are imposed upon or asserted against such Trustee Indemnified Persons with respect to the creation, operation or termination of the Trust, the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that the Sponsor and the Trust shall not be required to indemnify any Trustee Indemnified Person for any Expenses that are a result of the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of such Trustee Indemnified Person. The obligations of the Sponsor and the Trust to indemnify the Trustee Indemnified Persons as provided herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

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ARTICLE 5

MANAGEMENT

5.01. Management. Pursuant to Section 3806(b)(7) of the Trust Act, the Trust shall be managed by the Sponsor in accordance with this Agreement. In construing the provisions of this Agreement, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Sponsor, but subject, for the avoidance of doubt, to the restrictions, prohibitions and limitations expressly set forth in Section 1.03 and otherwise in this Agreement. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in determining whether the Sponsor has discharged its obligations in accordance with this Agreement, whenever in this Agreement the Sponsor is permitted or required to make a decision in its “discretion” or under a similar grant of authority or latitude, the Sponsor shall be entitled to consider only such interests and factors as it desires and may consider its own interests and the interests of its affiliates and shall have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of or factors affecting the Trust or the Shareholders. The Sponsor shall be an agent of the Trust for the purpose of the Trust’s business and to the extent of its rights and powers set forth herein, the actions of the Sponsor shall bind the Trust. The Sponsor, in its discretion, may, unless prohibited by law, delegate to any Person any and all rights, powers, responsibilities, and duties granted to the Sponsor pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, to an administrator. Except as otherwise set forth herein, the Shareholders shall have no part in the management of the Trust and shall have no authority to act on behalf of the Trust in connection with any matter.

5.02. Authority of the Sponsor. In addition to, and not in limitation of, any rights and powers conferred by law or other provisions of this Agreement, and except as limited, restricted or prohibited by the express provisions of this Agreement or the Trust Act, the Sponsor shall have the power acting singly by and in the name of the Trust, and subject to the principal purpose of the Trust as described in Section 1.03 hereof, to carry out any and all of the objects and purposes of the Trust set forth in Section 1.03 hereof, to perform all acts and enter into and perform all contracts and other undertakings that the Sponsor may deem necessary or advisable or incidental thereto, including, without limitation, to:

(a) purchase, hold, sell, exchange, receive and otherwise acquire and dispose of the Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities and other assets of the Trust, including, without limitation, through the removal of any crypto asset from the Trust’s portfolio, notwithstanding that crypto asset’s inclusion within the Index calculation, if that crypto asset is, or the Sponsor reasonably determines that it may be, considered (i) a “security” under the U.S. securities laws, or (ii) fraudulent or otherwise at high risk to investors;

(b) open, maintain and close accounts, including margin and custodial accounts, with brokers and/or dealers and prime brokers, which power shall include the authority to issue all instructions and authorizations to brokers and/or dealers regarding Portfolio Crypto Assets and Securities and/or funds therein;

(c) acquire and enter into any contract of insurance that the Sponsor deems necessary or appropriate for the protection of the Trust, the Trustee and the Sponsor, for the conservation of the Trust Estate or for any purpose convenient or beneficial to the Trust;

(d) open, maintain and close bank accounts and draw checks or other orders for the payment of monies;

(e) enter into one or more revolving credit facilities with one or more syndicates of banks or to incur indebtedness in lieu of or in advance of Contributions;

 

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(f) accept or reject any subscription for one or more Shares for any reason and on such terms and conditions and at such times as the Sponsor, in its discretion, shall determine, provided that such terms and conditions shall be subject to applicable laws and the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement;

(g) in furtherance of the foregoing, notwithstanding the other provisions of this Agreement, including Section 12.01, the Sponsor may, without the approval of any Shareholder or any other Person, (i) accept contributions and issue Shares to additional Shareholders or accept additional Contributions from and issue Shares to existing Shareholders, subject to their meeting the requirements therefor determined by the Sponsor from time to time, including a minimum initial Contribution of at least $25,000 and a minimum additional Contribution amount of $10,000 (each such amount subject to amendment or waiver by the Sponsor in its sole discretion), (ii) enter into a Subscription Agreement with a Shareholder or prospective Shareholder, and (iii) enter into separate side letters or similar agreements to or with a Shareholder or prospective Shareholder;

(h) redeem all or any portion of the Shares held of record by a Shareholder;

(i) delegate any of its responsibilities and/or duties hereunder to service providers, including, without limitation, Theorem Fund Services LLC, as the administrator to the Trust (including any successor administrator appointed by the Sponsor, the “Administrator”), Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC, as the custodian to the Trust (including any successor custodian appointed by the Sponsor, the “Custodian”), and any affiliates of the Sponsor, and to pay compensation therefor, and to enter into agreements, including without limitation, an administration agreement with the Administrator and a custodial agreement with the Custodian, each in connection with such delegations, which agreements may provide for indemnifications and exculpations of such service providers as deemed appropriate by the Sponsor, and terminate and, if desired, replace, such service providers in its sole discretion;

(j) cause the Trust to pay all expenses of the Trust, including, without limitation, costs related to payment of fees for initial and continued quotation of the Shares on OTCQX or another Secondary Market, costs related to making the Shares eligible to trade through DTC, fees associated with retaining and maintaining the Transfer Agent, and including, without limitation, to disburse payments to parties in connection with any redemptions of Shares;

(k) employ, retain or otherwise engage and authorize any officer, director, employee or other agent of the Sponsor or agent or employee of the Trust to act for and on behalf of the Trust in all matters incidental to the foregoing or the other permitted activities of the Trust;

(l) do any and all acts required of the Trust and exercise all rights of the Trust with respect to its interest in any corporation or other entity;

(m) cause the Trust to engage in agency, agency cross and principal transactions with affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable securities laws;

(n) maintain for the conduct of the Trust’s affairs one or more offices and in connection therewith rent or acquire office space, and do such other acts as the Sponsor may deem necessary or advisable in connection with the maintenance and administration of the Trust;

(o) engage personnel, whether part-time or full-time, and attorneys, independent accountants or such other Persons as the Sponsor may deem necessary or advisable;

 

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(p) organize one or more corporations or other entities formed to hold record title, as nominee for the Trust, to Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities or funds of the Trust;

(q) cause the Tax Matters Partner or Partnership Representative, as applicable, to make or revoke such elections under the Code and other relevant tax laws as contemplated by Section 10.08 hereof;

(r) engage in “soft dollar” transactions in accordance with Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

(s) place orders for the execution of transactions and select a broker to execute portfolio transactions;

(t) engage one or more placement agents to assist with the issuance of Shares;

(u) establish a record time and date for purposes of determining the Shareholders of record with respect to such matters as the Sponsor shall determine in its discretion;

(v) form one or more subsidiaries through which the Trust will indirectly invest its assets in Portfolio Crypto Assets, Securities or other assets;

(w) prepare, or cause to be prepared, and file, or cause to be filed, an application to enable the Shares to be listed, quoted or traded on any Secondary Market and to take any other action and execute and deliver any certificates or documents that may be necessary to effectuate such listing, quotation or trading;

(x) if the Shares are listed, quoted or traded on any Secondary Market, cause the Trust to comply with all rules, orders and regulations of such Secondary Market to which the Trust is subject as a result of the listing, quotation or trading of the Shares on such Secondary Market, and take all such other actions that may reasonably be taken and are necessary for the Shares to remain listed, quoted or traded on such Secondary Market until the Trust is terminated or the Shares are no longer listed, quoted or traded on such Secondary Market;

(y) prepare, or cause to be prepared, and file, or cause to be filed registration statements to (i) register offerings of the Shares under the Securities Act, (ii) register the Shares under the Exchange Act, and/or (iii) register the Trust under the Investment Company Act, if the Sponsor reasonably determines that such registration(s) is or are required or appropriate;

(z) if an offering of the Shares is registered under the Securities Act, the Shares are registered under the Exchange Act, or if the Trust is registered under the Investment Company Act, cause the Trust to comply with all rules, orders and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission to which the Trust is subject as a result of such registration(s);

(aa) if the Shares are transferred in a transaction registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act, cause the Trust to comply with all rules, orders and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and take all such other actions as may reasonably be taken and are necessary for the Shares to remain registered under the Exchange Act until the Trust is terminated or the Shares are no longer registered under the Exchange Act;

 

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(bb) take all actions to prepare and, to the extent required by this Agreement or by law, mail to Shareholders any reports, press releases or statements, financial or otherwise, that the Sponsor determines are required to be provided to Shareholders by applicable law or governmental regulation or the requirements of any Secondary Market on which the Shares are listed, quoted or traded or, if any Shares are transferred in a transaction registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission, as applicable; and

(cc) act for and on behalf of the Trust in all matters incidental to the foregoing.

5.03. Payment of Costs and Expenses.

(a) The Sponsor will be responsible for all expenses related to the Conversion and ordinary administrative and overhead expenses of managing the Trust, including compensation of employees of the Sponsor and payment of rent, custody charges (“Custody Charge”) or flat rate fees for holding the Trust’s assets charged by the Custodian and customary fees and expenses of the Trustee, Administrator and Auditor (including costs incurred for appraisal or valuation expenses associated with the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements, tax returns and other similar reports and excluding indemnification and extraordinary costs) (collectively, the “Sponsor Expenses”).

(b) The Sponsor may on behalf of the Trust incur any and all obligations and expend any sums and take any actions deemed by it to be necessary to conduct the Trust’s operations or to protect the Trust Estate, including, without limitation, selecting and engaging the Administrator, the Custodian, attorneys, accountants, securities brokers, consultants, placement agents or such other Persons on such terms and for such compensation as the Sponsor may deem necessary or advisable and incurring such other capital, operating, financing or other expenses on behalf of the Trust as the Sponsor may, in its discretion, deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of Trust affairs, and all of such costs and expenses shall, in the discretion of the Sponsor, be reimbursed to the Sponsor, if applicable, by the Trust.

(c) Organizational costs of the Trust and the costs incurred in connection with the initial issuance of Shares, organizational and start-up expenses, including legal, consulting, filing and accounting fees, document production and printing costs in connection with the offering of Shares and other activities of the Trust, federal and state filing fees, and other related expenses, will be expenses of the Trust (collectively, “Organizational Expenses”). The Sponsor may elect to amortize the Trust’s organizational expenses for payments by the Trust for up to a five-year period.

(d) In addition to the expenses set forth in Sections 5.03(a) and 5.03(c) above, the Trust shall pay, whether directly or through reimbursement of the Sponsor or any affiliate of any of the foregoing, all other expenses incurred in connection with its operation, issuance of Shares, and investment activities, or any other expense incurred with respect to Trust activities, including, without limitation, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, Management Fee, fees of any valuation agents and any other third party service providers (other than fees payable to any placement agent), clearing and settlement charges, custodial fees (other than the Custody Charge), margin and interest expense and commitment fees on debit balances or borrowings, consulting, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding, and disposition of investments (including legal and other professional fees) whether or not consummated, portfolio tracking software, travel and related expenses, any non-customary costs and expenses (including indemnification and extraordinary costs) of the Administrator and Auditor, costs and expenses of other professionals providing services to the Trust, including legal, audit, custody, accounting, tax and administration excluded from Sponsor Expenses, Organizational Expenses, expenses related to the offer and sale of the Shares, including, but not limited to, reasonable travel expenses related thereto, costs of any liability insurance, including premiums for directors’ and officers’ and errors and omissions liability insurance, costs of any litigation or investigation involving Trust activities, workout

 

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and restructuring and indemnification expenses, regulatory costs, employee compensation and benefit costs for any employees of the Trust, any entity level taxes, regulatory filing fees and compliance costs (including, without limitation, costs incurred in connection with the preparation of Securities Act registration forms, Exchange Act registration and reporting forms, Investment Company Act registration and reporting forms, Form PF, Form CPO-PQR, Form D and other regulatory filings, if any), license fees, costs of reporting and providing information to Shareholders, and any extraordinary expenses, if any (collectively, “Trust Expenses”). The Sponsor may cause some or all of the Trust Expenses to be paid using “soft dollars” (i.e., paid by securities brokerage firms in recognition of commissions or other compensation (including markups and markdowns on principal transactions with market makers) paid on securities transactions that the Trust executes through those firms). The Sponsor may (but is not obligated to) reimburse the Trust for Trust Expenses in its sole discretion. The Sponsor may (but is not obligated to), in its sole discretion, reimburse the Trust for any expenses or costs of the Trust.

5.04. Reliance by Third Parties. Persons dealing with the Trust are entitled to rely conclusively upon a certificate of the Sponsor and upon the power and authority of the Sponsor as set forth herein. Nothing herein contained shall impose any obligation on any brokerage firm, custodian, transfer agent, registrar, bank, lessor, lessee, mortgagee, grantee or other Person doing business with the Trust to inquire as to whether or not written approval of the Shareholders or assignees of the Shareholders has been obtained, and any stock power, lease, mortgage, deed, contract or other instrument executed by the Sponsor, shall be valid, sufficient and binding.

5.05. Other Activities. The Sponsor hereby agrees to devote as much of its time during normal business days and hours as it, in its discretion, shall deem necessary and sufficient for the management of the affairs of the Trust. Notwithstanding any duty otherwise existing at law or in equity, nothing contained in this Section 5.05 shall preclude the Sponsor, its affiliates and any of their officers, directors, principals, managers, members or employees from engaging, presently or in the future, consistent with the foregoing, and without accountability to the Trust, in any other business venture or ventures of any nature and description including, without limitation, the management, financing, syndication or development of other accounts or other ventures similar to the Trust, or from acting as an investment manager or adviser to others, a trustee of any trust, a manager of a limited liability company, or a general partner of a limited partnership, nor shall the Sponsor, its affiliates and any of their officers, directors, principals, managers, members or employees be precluded from directly or indirectly purchasing, selling and holding Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities for his, her or its own account or the accounts of such other business, irrespective of whether any such Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities are purchased, sold or held for the account of the Trust. Neither the Trust nor the Sponsor shall have any rights in or to such other business ventures or the income or profits derived therefrom by virtue of this Agreement nor shall the Sponsor, its affiliates and any of their officers, directors, principals, managers, members or employees be under any obligation to first offer any investment opportunities to the Trust or to allocate investments, as between the Trust, other Persons, or otherwise, in any particular manner, other than as the Sponsor in its discretion shall determine. When the Sponsor deems the purchase and sale of Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities to be in the best interest of the Trust and of other clients, it may aggregate the Portfolio Crypto Assets and Securities to be purchased or sold. The Trust may engage in transactions with its affiliates and affiliates of the Sponsor (including without limitation, licensing technology), provided that the terms thereof are commercially reasonable as determined by the Sponsor in its discretion.

5.06. Exculpation. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Sponsor, its affiliates, the Administrator and any of their respective officers, directors, principals, partners, members, managers, affiliates or employees, and each of their respective successors and assigns, and each Person who previously served in such capacity (each, an “Affiliated Party” and, collectively, the “Affiliated Parties”), shall not be liable to any Shareholder, the Trust or any other Person bound by this Agreement for any loss, liability, damage, cost, or expense arising from mistakes of judgment, conduct or any action

 

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or inaction unless and until such mistakes of judgment, conduct or any action or inaction are found to constitute willful misconduct or gross negligence as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. The Sponsor and each Affiliated Party may, at the Trust’s expense, consult with counsel and accountants in respect of Trust affairs and, in acting in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel or accountants, the Sponsor and each Affiliated Party shall not be liable for any loss suffered by the Trust.    

5.07. Indemnification.

(a) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Sponsor, the Administrator, the Partnership Representative and each other Affiliated Party (each, an “Indemnified Party” and, collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Trust from and against any loss, liability, damage, cost, or expense suffered or sustained by an Indemnified Party by reason of the fact that she, he or it is or was an Indemnified Party, including, without limitation, any judgment, settlement, reasonable attorney’s fees and other costs or expenses incurred in connection with the defense of any actual or threatened action or proceeding (collectively, “Liabilities”), provided that such Liabilities did not result from such Indemnified Party’s own willful misconduct or gross negligence as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. The rights of indemnification provided in this Section 5.07 will be in addition to any rights to which such Indemnified Party may otherwise be entitled by contract or as a matter of law and shall extend to its successors and assigns. In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Indemnified Party shall be entitled to indemnification by the Trust against reasonable expenses (as incurred), including attorneys’ fees actually and necessarily incurred by such Indemnified Party or other Persons in connection with the defense of any action to which they may be made a party, in connection with the right of the Trust to procure a judgment in favor of the Trust, and to the fullest extent permitted under any consistent provisions of the Trust Act, the federal securities laws or any other applicable statute. In the discretion of the Sponsor, the Trust will advance to an Indemnified Party funds to pay such expenses.

(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing to the contrary, the provisions of Section 4.04, Section 5.06 and this Section 5.07 shall not be construed so as to provide for the exculpation and indemnification of the Sponsor, the Trustee or an Affiliated Party for any liability (including liability under U.S. federal securities laws which, under certain circumstances, impose liability even on persons that act in good faith), to the extent (but only to the extent) that such liability may not be waived, modified or limited under applicable law, but shall be construed so as to effectuate the provisions of Section 4.04, Section 5.06 and this Section 5.07 to the fullest extent permitted by law.

5.08. Management Fee.

(a) In consideration for the management services to be provided to the Trust, the Sponsor will receive from the Trust a management fee (the “Management Fee”) payable monthly, in arrears, equal to 1/12th of 2.5% (i.e., 2.5% per year) of the net asset value of the Trust Estate at the end of each month. The Management Fee shall be due and payable monthly at such time as determined by the Sponsor, and shall be an expense of the Trust in determining Net Operating Profit and Net Operating Loss. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor shall be permitted to cause some or all of the Management Fee to be paid to one or more third parties, including but not limited to, employees of the Trust, if any, and the Custodian; provided however, in no event shall the Management Fee payable in the aggregate exceed the amount set forth in this Section 5.08(a).

(b) The Sponsor may, in its discretion, waive, reduce or rebate the Management Fee; provided that such waiver, reduction or rebate shall not increase the Management Fee.

 

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(c) As used in this Section 5.08, the term “net asset value” shall mean the value of the assets of the Trust minus the value of the liabilities of the Trust, as determined in good faith by the Sponsor.

5.09. Reliance; Advice of Counsel.

(a) The Sponsor shall incur no liability to anyone in acting upon any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, report, opinion, bond, or other document or paper believed by it to be genuine and believed by it to be signed by the proper Person or Persons. The Sponsor may accept a certified copy of a resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of any Person as conclusive evidence that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that the same is in full force and effect. As to any fact or matter the method of determination of which is not specifically prescribed herein, the Sponsor may for all purposes hereof require and rely on a certificate, signed by an officer or agent of the applicable Person, as to such fact or matter, and such certificate shall constitute full protection to the Sponsor for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in reliance thereon.

(b) In the exercise of its powers and in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement, the Sponsor (i) may act directly or through its agents or attorneys pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and the Sponsor shall not be liable for the conduct or misconduct of such agents or attorneys if such agents or attorneys shall have been selected by the Sponsor in good faith and with due care and (ii) may consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled Persons to be selected by it in good faith and with due care and employed by it. The Sponsor shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in good faith by it in accordance with the opinion or advice of any such counsel, accountants or other such Persons and not contrary to this Agreement.

ARTICLE 6

SHARES

6.01. Subscriptions. With the consent of the Sponsor, a Shareholder may subscribe for Shares in accordance with this Section 6.01 and Section 6.02 (a) weekly on Wednesdays, (b) the first Business Day after any Wednesday on which banks in the State of California are closed for business, and (c) at such other times as the Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, permit in accordance with Section 5.02(f). Each Shareholder subscribing for Shares in accordance with this Section 6.01 shall make a Contribution with respect to the amount set forth in such Shareholder’s Subscription Agreement. The minimum Contribution by a Shareholder shall not be less than such minimum amount as may be determined by the Sponsor in its discretion. The Sponsor reserves the right to reduce the Contribution of any Shareholder, and thus reduce the number of Shares issued to such Shareholder, and to accept as Contributions cash, Securities, crypto assets, or other property in amounts or at valuations determined by the Sponsor, in its discretion. The Sponsor reserves the right to return any such Securities or other property contributed by a Shareholder to such Shareholder in connection with any redemption of such Shareholder’s Shares (including any mandatory redemption required by the Sponsor with respect to such Shareholder pursuant to the terms of this Agreement) or distributions to such Shareholder, pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. All Shares when issued in accordance with Article 6 shall be fully paid and non-assessable.

 

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6.02. Determining the Amounts of Shares Received. Unless otherwise provided for in this Article 6, the number of Shares a Shareholder is issued in exchange for its Contribution will depend upon each week’s Weekly Valuation, and the amount of the Contribution divided by the Share Price; provided, however, that no fractional Shares shall be issued, and any fractional Share that a Shareholder would otherwise be entitled to receive that is less than 0.5 Share shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Share and any such fractional Share equal to or greater than 0.5 Share shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Share; provided further that any such rounding up or down shall not affect the Share Price or the Contribution payable with respect to such Shares. If a Shareholder’s Contribution has settled with the Trust’s bank as of the Weekly Subscription Cut Off (typically each Wednesday at 15:00 PT), the number of Shares such Shareholder is issued shall be determined as of that week’s Weekly Valuation. If a Shareholder’s Contribution has settled with the Trust’s bank after the Weekly Subscription Cut Off, the number of Shares that Shareholder receives will be determined as of the succeeding week’s Weekly Valuation. After a Shareholder has made a Contribution, and before the Sponsor has issued the Shareholder Shares, the Shareholder’s Contribution will be held in a non-interest bearing account until such Shareholder’s Shares are issued. The following are examples of how the Trust will issue Shares. Example 1: A Shareholder makes a Contribution of $25,000 on Monday at 14:00 PT. On Wednesday of the same week, at the Weekly Valuation (00:00 UCT), the price per Share is determined to be $250. The Shareholder receives 100 Shares. Example 2: A Shareholder makes a Contribution of $25,000 on Wednesday at 17:00 PT. On Wednesday of the succeeding week, at the Weekly Valuation, the price per Share is determined to be $500. The Shareholder receives 50 Shares. The Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, modify the time and date of the Weekly Valuation.

6.03. Additional Subscriptions. A Shareholder may, with the consent of the Sponsor, make additional contributions to the Trust Estate in amounts, and at such times as provided in Section 6.01 above, as may be determined by the Sponsor in its discretion and agreed to by such Shareholder. The Shareholder making such contribution shall execute such instrument or instruments as the Sponsor may deem advisable in connection therewith. The Sponsor or its agent will determine the number of Shares issued in connection with additional contributions in accordance with Section 6.02 hereof. Any amounts contributed by such Shareholder pursuant to this Section 6.03 are called such Shareholder’s “Additional Contribution.” No Shareholder is obligated to make contributions to the Trust Estate beyond its initial Contribution. Contributions and Additional Contributions shall be accepted by the Sponsor at such times as may be determined by the Sponsor in its discretion.

6.04. Other Offerings. The Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, change the time and manner of offerings of Shares, including without limitation by offering Shares pursuant to a public offering registered under the Securities Act, pursuant to an offering qualified under Regulation A of the Securities Act, or pursuant to an offering to non-U.S. investors under Regulation S under the Securities Act. For the avoidance of doubt, the procedures set forth in Sections 6.01, 6.02 and 6.03 contemplate private placements of Shares to accredited investors under Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, although the Sponsor may use any or all of those procedures, or different procedures, for any other offering of Shares.

6.05. Share Price. The “Share Price” with respect to each Share shall be determined by the Sponsor in reference to the quotient of (x) the net asset value of the Trust Estate as determined pursuant to Section 6.06 divided by (y) the number of Shares then outstanding, and adjusted as the Sponsor shall determine to be necessary or desirable to fairly allocate (i) Net Profits and Net Losses among the Shares, (ii) foreign tax credits and other types of withholding tax credits available to the Shareholders, or (iii) otherwise as the Sponsor shall determine to be necessary or desirable to fairly account for the net pro rata value of the Shares in reference to the value of the Trust Estate as determined pursuant to Section 6.06.

6.06. Valuation of Trust Estate. The Trust Estate will be valued at fair value, as reasonably determined by the Sponsor. Valuation of the Trust’s investments will be determined by the Sponsor in its reasonable discretion, or by one or more Persons appointed by the Sponsor to assist in such determination. The “net asset value” of the Trust Estate shall mean the value of the assets of the Trust minus the value of the liabilities of the Trust, as determined in good faith by the Sponsor.

 

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6.07. Determination by the Sponsor of Certain Matters. All matters concerning the valuation of Portfolio Crypto Assets and Securities, the allocation of Net Profits and Net Losses among the Shares, the allocation of related Trust tax items among the Shares and all accounting procedures not specifically and expressly provided for by the terms of this Agreement shall be determined by the Sponsor, whose determination, so long as made in good faith, shall be final and conclusive as to all of the Shares and Shareholders. The Sponsor may waive some or all of its rights under this Agreement, including rights to payments, either generally or with respect to particular matters, periods or Shares, and any such waiver or agreement shall not bind the Sponsor with respect to other periods or Shares, nor with respect to any other matters or rights set forth herein.

6.08. Distributions Generally. The Sponsor may declare distributions of cash or other property of the Trust at such times and in such amounts as the Sponsor shall determine in its discretion, provided that the Sponsor shall not be obligated (except as provided in Article 7) to do so under any circumstance. Any distributions hereunder, unless otherwise determined by the Sponsor, shall be made pro rata on all Shares outstanding as of the date and time of record established for such distribution. The Sponsor may withhold taxes from any distribution on the Shares to the extent required by the Code or any other applicable law. The Sponsor may set up such reserves as may be required by the needs of the Trust. Unless otherwise determined by the Sponsor, any increase in such reserves shall be treated as an expense of the Trust and any decrease in such reserves shall be treated as income of the Trust. If the Trust should distribute property other than cash pursuant to this Section 6.08 or Article 7, such distribution shall be treated as if such property were sold at its fair market value and the cash proceeds of such sale were distributed. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the Trust shall not make a distribution on a Share to the extent such distribution would violate the Trust Act or other applicable law.

ARTICLE 7

REDEMPTIONS

7.01. Redemptions by Shareholders.

(a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, unless otherwise determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion following the Trust’s receipt of regulatory approval therefor, the Trust shall not offer a redemption program for the Shares on or after the Redemption Cutoff Date. The Trust may, but shall not be required to, seek regulatory approval to operate a redemption program on or after the Redemption Cutoff Date. If any redemption program is approved, then any redemption authorized by the Sponsor shall be subject to the provisions of this Article 7 and such other conditions determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion.

(b) Subject to the limitations set forth in this Article 7 and elsewhere in this Agreement, and subject also to the notice requirement described below, at any time prior to the Redemption Cutoff Date, each Shareholder may request that the Trust redeem all or a portion of such Shareholder’s Shares attributable to any Contribution as of the first Redemption Date that occurs on or immediately following, the twelve month anniversary of the Subscription Date on which that Contribution was made (the “Lock-up Period”). Each Additional Contribution by a Shareholder and corresponding issuance of Shares shall be subject to a new Lock-Up Period. Notwithstanding the foregoing and subject to all other redemption restrictions, including without limitation, the restrictions set forth in Sections 7.01(c), (d) and (e), a Shareholder may have any portion of such Shareholder’s Shares redeemed during a Lock-Up Period on a Redemption Date upon the payment to the Trust of an early redemption fee equal to 3% of the fair value of the Shares subject to the redemption.

 

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(c) Each Shareholder seeking a redemption pursuant to this Section 7.01 must give written notice to the Administrator in the form and with the conditions prescribed by the Administrator from time to time. The value of a Shareholder’s Shares subject to redemption will be determined weekly in accordance with Section 6.05. If a Shareholder gives written notice to the Administrator by the Weekly Redemption Cut Off (typically each Monday at 14:00 PT), the price per Share the Shareholder receives is determined at that week’s Weekly Valuation. If a Shareholder gives written notice to the Administrator after the Weekly Redemption Cut Off, the price per Share will be determined as of the next succeeding Weekly Valuation. Once submitted, redemption requests may not be revoked, except with the consent of the Sponsor, which may be granted or withheld in its discretion. Each date after a Shareholder has submitted a redemption request, when such Shareholder’s Shares are valued for purposes of the redemption request, will be deemed a “Redemption Date.” A Shareholder shall not, without the approval of the Sponsor, which may be granted or withheld in its discretion, request a partial redemption of such Shareholder’s Shares that will cause such Shareholder to hold Shares with an aggregate value of less than $10,000 or such lower amount as the Sponsor may specify in its discretion with such aggregate value to be determined by aggregating the Share Prices of all of the Shares owned by that Shareholder at the time of determination. No redemption shall be made unless the Trust has sufficient assets to pay its liabilities. No provision of this Section 7.01 shall affect the rights and limitations in connection with (i) an assignment or transfer by a Shareholder of its Shares pursuant to Article 9 of this Agreement, or (ii) the dissolution or termination of the Trust pursuant to Article 11 of this Agreement.

(d) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, and subject to the Lock-Up Period, if applicable, the Sponsor, in its discretion, upon prior notice to the Shareholders, may elect to not allow a Shareholder to have more than 25% of that Shareholder’s outstanding Shares redeemed as of any particular Redemption Date. If the Sponsor has made the election provided in this Section 7.01(d), any request for redemption of more than 25% of a Shareholder’s Shares, other than with respect to a request for the redemption of all of a Shareholder’s Shares (a “Full Redemption”), will be deemed to be a request for redemption of 25% of such Shares, and the excess amount of any such request shall be deemed to be cancelled, meaning that that Shareholder must resubmit a redemption request if that Shareholder would like such excess amount to be redeemed as of subsequent Redemption Dates. If the Sponsor has made the election provided in this Section 7.01(d) with respect to a request for a Full Redemption, any amount of a Shareholder’s Shares that are not redeemed due to the application of the suspension set forth in this Section 7.01(d) will have first priority as of the next Redemption Date and will also be subject to any suspension under this Section 7.01(d) at each subsequent Redemption Date until the initial request for redemption amount is fulfilled; provided that, the application of a suspension pursuant to this Section 7.01(d) will not delay the redemption of any amount of a Shareholder’s Shares for more than twelve months after the effective date of such request for redemption. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, fulfill a redemption request that remains unsatisfied following a Redemption Date at earlier times than those provided in the immediately preceding sentence and in priority to later requests.

(e) If redemption requests are received by the Trust for any date in an aggregate amount exceeding 25% of the net asset value of the Trust as of such date, the Sponsor may, in its discretion, limit the redemptions by each Shareholder (on a pro rata basis with other redeeming Shareholders) such that the net asset value of the Shares to be redeemed on the Redemption Date do not exceed 25% of the net asset value of the Trust. Such limitation shall not delay the redemption with respect to any amount for more than twelve months after the date on which such redemption request would have been effective in the absence of this limitation. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, fulfill redemption requests that remain unsatisfied following a Redemption Date at earlier times than those provided in the immediately preceding sentence and in priority to later requests. Unsatisfied redemption requests resulting from the foregoing restrictions shall remain at the risk of the Trust’s business until the actual effective date of the redemption.

 

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(f) The Sponsor, in its discretion, may terminate the ability of Shareholders to request redemptions upon written notice to the Shareholders, permit redemptions at other times or otherwise modify or waive any redemption conditions and requirements set forth in this Article 7. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the rights of Shareholders to request redemptions shall automatically terminate without any action required on the part of the Sponsor on the Redemption Cutoff Date; provided that (i) the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Sponsor to require the redemption of any Shares at any time, for any reason or no reason, including pursuant to Section 7.03 and (ii) the Sponsor may, but shall not be required to, reinstate the right of Shareholders to request redemptions in accordance with this Article 7 upon receiving regulatory approval to operate a redemption program subsequent to the Redemption Cutoff Date.

7.02. Payment for Redeemed Shareholders. The amount payable by the Trust for a Shareholder’s Shares subject to a redemption shall equal the total number of Shares such Shareholder has specified in its redemption notice multiplied by the price per Share as of the Redemption Date and after adjustment for (i) any accrual of the Management Fee then due and attributable with respect to such redemption amount, (ii) any expenses associated with such redemption, including transaction costs, and (iii) any reserves (as described in Section 7.04 below) (the “Redemption Price”). Except as otherwise set forth in this Article 7 and unless otherwise agreed by the Sponsor, at least 90% of the Redemption Price shall be paid to a Shareholder within 30 Business Days after the relevant Redemption Date, with the balance being paid as soon as practicable after completion of the Trust’s annual audit for the Fiscal Year in which the redemption was effected. The Shareholder shall not earn interest on any such unpaid balance. However, the Trust may take longer than 30 Business Days to settle redemption requests if the Trust is unable to liquidate its investments, if the value of the assets and liabilities of the Trust cannot be determined with reasonable accuracy, or for any other reason. If, after the completion of the Trust’s year-end audit, the Sponsor determines that the amount previously distributed to a Shareholder varied from the amount that such Shareholder was actually entitled to receive, then within 10 calendar days of notification thereof, the Trust will pay to such Shareholder the remaining balance, if any, of the amount to which such Shareholder is entitled, or such Shareholder will be obligated to repay the Trust the excess, if any, of the amount previously paid over the amount to which such Shareholder is entitled. All of the Shareholder’s Shares subject to the redemption shall be deemed to have been redeemed as of the applicable Redemption Date. At the discretion of the Sponsor, the amount of payment for the Shares to be redeemed may be made in whole in cash, or in whole in kind, or in part in cash and in part in kind and, in all cases, shall be subject to the establishment of reserves, in cash or in kind, which the Sponsor deems necessary or appropriate to reflect contingent or other liabilities of the Trust existing as of the effective date of such redemption.

7.03. Mandatory Redemptions. At any time prior to the Redemption Cutoff Date, the Sponsor shall, in its discretion, have the right to require the redemption of all or any portion of a Shareholder’s Shares at any time, for any reason or no reason, upon written notice to the Shareholder. The effective date of such redemption shall be determined by the Sponsor in its discretion. In the event of such redemption, payment shall be made to such Shareholder in accordance with the payment provisions of

7.02 hereof.

7.04. Limitations on Redemptions.

(a) In addition to the Sponsor’s discretion to elect to apply the limitations set forth in Section 7.01(d) and Section 7.01(e), the right of any Shareholder or its legal representatives to request redemption of its Shares and to have distributed to it any such amount (or any portion thereof) pursuant to

 

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this Article 7 is subject to the provision by the Sponsor for all Trust liabilities in accordance with the Trust Act and for reserves for contingencies and estimated accrued expenses and liabilities. Such reserves may be invested in the same manner as other assets of the Trust, placed in an interest-bearing account or dealt with in such other manner as the Sponsor deems appropriate.    

(b) The Sponsor, by written notice to the Shareholders, may suspend redemption rights, in whole or in part: (i) during the existence of any state of affairs as a result of which, in the opinion of the Sponsor, disposal of investments by the Trust would not be reasonably practicable, would be seriously prejudicial to the non-redeeming Shareholders or would otherwise not be in the best interests of the Trust; (ii) during any breakdown in the means of communication normally employed in determining the price or value of the Trust’s assets or liabilities, or of current prices in any stock market as aforesaid, or when for any other reason the prices or values of any assets or liabilities of the Trust cannot reasonably be promptly and accurately ascertained; or (iii) during any period when the transfer of funds involved in the realization or acquisition of any investments cannot, in the opinion of the Sponsor, be effected at normal rates of exchange. In addition, the Sponsor, by written notice to any Shareholder, may suspend payment of redemption proceeds to such Shareholder if the Sponsor reasonably deems it necessary to do so to comply with anti-money laundering laws and regulations applicable to the Trust, the Sponsor and their affiliates, subsidiaries or associates or any of the Trust’s other service providers.

(c) The Sponsor may withhold taxes from any payments for redemptions or other distributions to any Shareholder, or in respect of allocations of Trust net or gross income or gain, to the extent required by the Code or any other applicable law. For purposes of this Agreement, any taxes so withheld by the Trust with respect to any redemption payments or other distributions by the Trust on any Shares, or in respect of allocations of Trust net or gross income or gain, shall be deemed to be a distribution or payment with respect to such Shares, inter alia reducing the amount otherwise distributable on such Shares pursuant to this Agreement. The Sponsor shall not be obligated to apply for or obtain a reduction of or exemption from withholding tax on behalf of any Shareholder that may be eligible for such reduction or exemption. To the extent that a Shareholder claims to be entitled to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, a withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, or otherwise, the Shareholder shall furnish the Sponsor with such information and forms as such Shareholder may be required to complete where necessary to comply with any and all laws and regulations governing the obligations of withholding tax agents. Each Shareholder represents and warrants that any such information and forms furnished by such Shareholder shall be true and accurate and agrees to indemnify the Trust and each of the Shareholders from any and all damages, costs and expenses resulting from the filing of inaccurate or incomplete information or forms relating to such withholding taxes.

(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust shall not deem a Shareholder’s Shares to have been redeemed to the extent that such redemption, as determined in the reasonable discretion of the Sponsor, would cause the Trust to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Code Section 7704.

ARTICLE 8

ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES FOR

FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES

8.01. Generally.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Profits and Losses for each Fiscal Year and, to the extent necessary, individual items of income, deduction, gain, loss or credit for such Fiscal Year shall be allocated pro rata among the Shares. Allocations shall generally be made pursuant to the principles of Code Section 704, and in conformity with Treasury Regulations §§ 1.704-1, 1.704-2 and 1.704-3 promulgated thereunder, as applicable, or successor provisions to such Code Section and Treasury Regulations.

 

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(b) Without limiting the foregoing, there are hereby incorporated herein such special allocation provisions governing the allocation of Trust income, deduction, gain, and loss for federal income tax purposes as may be necessary under the Treasury Regulations to provide herein a so-called “qualified income offset” within the meaning of Treasury Regulations § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and to ensure that this Article 8 complies with all requirements of Treasury Regulations § 1.704-2 relating to “minimum gain” and “partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain” and the allocation and chargeback of “nonrecourse deductions” and “partner nonrecourse deductions.” In addition, to the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Trust asset pursuant to Section 734 or 743 of the Code is required due to certain transfers of Shares, any adjustment that would be required to be made to Per Share Capital Accounts maintained in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis), which such item of gain or loss shall be specially allocated with respect to the Shares in a manner consistent with the manner in which Per Share Capital Accounts maintained in accordance with Treasury Regulations § 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) are required to be adjusted pursuant to such section of the Treasury Regulations.

8.02. Ordinary Deductions and Ordinary Income. Subject to and in accordance with Section 8.01 and subject to Section 8.04, for federal income tax purposes, all items of deduction other than realized capital losses, and all items of income other than realized capital gains, shall be allocated equally among the Shares, as nearly as is practicable, in accordance with the manner in which such items of deduction or income affected the amounts that were either deducted from or added to the value of the Shares.

8.03. Capital Gains and Capital Losses. Subject to and in accordance with Section 8.01 and subject to Section 8.04, for federal income tax purposes, capital gains and capital losses (short term and long term, as the case may be) recognized by the Trust shall be allocated among the Shares, as nearly as is practicable, in accordance with the manner in which the aggregate of the increase or decrease in the value of the Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities positions giving rise to such gains or losses was added to or deducted from the value of the Shares.

8.04. Allocations to Redeemed Shareholders.

(a) Notwithstanding Sections 8.02 and 8.03 above but subject to Section 8.01(b), if the Trust realizes items of capital gain or loss (including short-term capital gain or loss) and/or deductions, items of ordinary income or loss for federal income tax purposes (collectively, “gains/losses”) for any Fiscal Year during or as of the end of which the Trust redeems Adjusted Basis Shares (as hereinafter defined below) from one or more Shareholders, the Sponsor may elect to (i) allocate such gains/losses first among such Adjusted Basis Shares in such a manner as will cause the Adjusted Basis of each Adjusted Basis Share to equal zero (or as near to zero in each case as possible if the total amount of gains/losses available to be allocated is insufficient to permit allocations that would cause the Adjusted Basis of each Adjusted Basis Share to equal zero), and (ii) thereafter to allocate any gains/losses not so allocated to Adjusted Basis Shares of the other Shareholders in accordance with Sections 8.01 to 8.03.

(b) As used herein, (i) the term “Adjusted Basis” shall mean, with respect to any Share and as of any time of calculation, an amount (which may be positive or negative) equal to (i) the value of such Share minus (ii) its “adjusted tax basis,” for federal income tax purposes, as of such time (determined without regard to any adjustments made to such “adjusted tax basis” by reason of any

 

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transfer or assignment of such Share, including by reason of death of the Shareholder of such Share, and without regard to such Share’s share of the liabilities of the Trust under Code Section 752) and (ii) the term “Adjusted Basis Share” shall mean any Share that is redeemed and has an Adjusted Basis as of the effective date of the redemption that does not equal zero.

8.05. Share Transfer Allocations. A transferee of any Share pursuant to Article 9 shall succeed to the Per Share Capital Account relating to such Share. The Trust shall allocate Profits and Losses for the Fiscal Year of transfer of any Share consistent with this Article 8; provided that such Profits and Losses and, to the extent necessary, individual items of income, deduction, gain, loss or credit shall be prorated for such Fiscal Year to take into account any adjustments in the Carrying Value of the Trust assets through the date of the applicable transfer, using any reasonable method selected by the Sponsor. The Sponsor may revise, alter or otherwise modify such methods of allocation to the extent permitted or required by Section 706 of the Code and the regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder.

ARTICLE 9

ASSIGNMENT OF SHARES

9.01. Assignment. Subject to Section 9.04, no Shareholder shall sell, assign, transfer, pledge, hypothecate, or subject to a security interest (each, a “Transfer”), or offer to do any of the same, any of such Shareholder’s Shares without the prior written consent of the Sponsor, which consent may be withheld for any reason, other than by will or the laws of intestacy, distribution by inter vivos gift or other transfer to such Shareholder’s spouse, child or children; provided, however, that the Sponsor may, but shall not be required to, remove the restrictions described in this Section 9.01 for any Shares that are not “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.

9.02. Conditions of Transfer. Any Transfer permitted by the Sponsor pursuant to Section 9.01, may, in the discretion of the Sponsor, be subject to satisfaction of conditions determined by the Sponsor, including, among other things:

(a) The transferee of any Shares (the “Transferee”) shall have satisfied applicable “Know Your Client,” anti-money laundering and similar policies and procedures, as determined by the Sponsor.

(b) The transferor of any Shares (the “Transferor”) and the Transferee shall have executed and delivered to the Trust a transfer agreement in form and substance acceptable to the Sponsor that includes, without limitation, all representations and warranties in connection with the Transfer and an indemnification of the Trust and the Sponsor.

(c) The Transferee shall have executed and delivered to the Trust a Subscription Agreement in connection with any transferred Shares and any other documents related to being a holder of one or more Shares as reasonably requested by the Sponsor.

(d) The Transferee shall have provided an opinion of counsel satisfactory to counsel to the Sponsor to the effect that, (i) such Transfer is exempt from all registration requirements under applicable securities laws, (ii) such Transfer will not otherwise violate any applicable laws regulating the transfer of securities, (iii) such Transfer will not cause the Trust to be required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act, (iv) such Transfer will not cause the Trust to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or have other adverse tax consequences on the Trust or any Shareholder other than the Transferee or the Transferor, (v) such Transfer will cause the Trust not to qualify for any applicable exemptions promulgated by the

 

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Commodity Futures Trading Commission (if the Trust is then relying on any such exemption), and (vi) such Transfer will not cause the Trust to be considered to hold “plan assets” within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor in its discretion may waive all or a portion of the above mentioned opinion if, in its discretion, it is satisfied that the above conditions have been met.

(e) All amounts owed, whether by the Transferor or any Person for whom the Transferor acts as nominee, to the Trust, the Sponsor and its affiliates in connection with the acquisition and holding of one or more Shares shall have been paid in full.

(f) The Trust and the Sponsor shall have been reimbursed by the Transferor and/or Transferee for all costs and expenses that the Trust and the Sponsor reasonably incur in connection with such Transfer.

(g) The Trust determines that the proposed Transfer is unlikely to be materially prejudicial to other Shareholders or creditors of the Trust or otherwise materially adverse to the Trust.

All costs and expenses incurred in connection with the Transfer of one or more Shares, including, but not limited to, the legal fees of the Trust, shall be paid by the Transferee.

For the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Transfer not subject to the restrictions described in Section 9.01, including Transfers for which the Sponsor has removed such restrictions in accordance with Section 9.01 and any Transfers permitted under Section 9.04, shall not be subject to the conditions of Transfer described in this Section 9.02.

9.03. Void Assignment. Any Transfer by any Shareholder of any Shares in contravention of Sections 9.01 and 9.02 shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be void and ineffectual, and shall not bind or be recognized by the Trust or any other party. No purported assignee shall have any right to any profits, losses or distributions of the Trust.

9.04. Transfers of DTC Shares. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the DTC Shares shall not be subject to Section 9.01 or Section 9.02 and their transfer shall not be restricted hereunder and shall be subject to any requirements or procedures imposed by the Transfer Agent. “DTC Shares” shall mean Shares for which DTC is the record holder on books of account for the Trust maintained by the Transfer Agent.

9.05. Effect of Transfer.

(a) Any Shareholder who shall Transfer all of its Shares shall cease to be a Shareholder of the Trust and shall no longer have any rights or privileges of a Shareholder.

(b) Any Person who acquires in any manner whatsoever any Shares, irrespective of whether such Person has accepted and adopted in writing the terms and provisions of this Agreement, shall be deemed by the acceptance of the benefits or the acquisition thereof to have agreed to be subject to and bound by all the obligations of this Agreement that any predecessor in interest of such Person was subject to or bound by.

9.06. Effect of Death, Etc. The death, incompetence or bankruptcy of a Shareholder shall not, in and of itself, (i) dissolve or terminate the Trust, (ii) entitle the executor, administrator, guardian, trustee or other personal representative (the “Representative”) of the deceased, incompetent or bankrupt Shareholder to claim an accounting or take any action or proceeding in any court for a petition or winding up of all or any part of the Trust or the trust Estate, or (iii) otherwise affect the rights, obligations and liabilities of the parties hereto.

 

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ARTICLE 10

BOOKS AND RECORDS

10.01. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Trust (the “Fiscal Year”) shall be the calendar year, and such fiscal period shall be the taxable period of the Trust for federal income tax purposes, except as provided in Section 706 of the Code.

10.02. Books and Records. At all times during the continuance of the Trust, the Sponsor shall keep or cause to be kept full and true books of account of the business and investments of the Trust, in which shall be entered fully and accurately each transaction of the Trust. All of said books of account, together with an executed copy of the Trust Certificate and any amendments thereto shall at all times be maintained at an office of the Trust. Each Shareholder, on reasonable prior notice to the Sponsor, shall have the right to inspect and copy any of such books and records during normal business hours; provided, however, that, to the maximum extent permitted under the Trust Act, the Sponsor shall have the right to impose such restrictions with respect to such examination as the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines are appropriate under the circumstances. Such Shareholder shall bear all expenses of such inspection and copying and shall keep all information obtained therefrom confidential. Such information is further subject to the confidentiality provisions of the Subscription Agreements. The Sponsor shall not be required, and each Shareholder waives any right to require the Sponsor, to account in respect of the Trust’s assets or operations. Furthermore, if a Shareholder requests an inspection of the Trust’s records as set forth above, the Sponsor may take reasonable measures to protect information that the Sponsor reasonably determines constitutes confidential or proprietary information, including, without limitation, information about the Portfolio Crypto Assets, Index and Securities in which the Trust has invested or will invest; such reasonable measures may include, without limitation, redaction of materials provided to the applicable Shareholders with respect to such an inspection. The information rights set forth in this Article 10 are intended to be the exclusive rights of information to which a Shareholder is entitled under this Agreement and under the Trust Act.

10.03. Financial Reports. The Sponsor shall cause to be prepared and sent to each Shareholder annual audited financial statements and any other reports or information that the Sponsor may, in its discretion, deem appropriate.

10.04. Bank Accounts, Digital Accounts and Custodian. The bank or digital currency accounts of the Trust shall be maintained in such banking institutions or with providers as the Sponsor shall determine, and withdrawals shall be made therefrom on such signature or signatures or personal key entries as the Sponsor shall determine. All assets of the Trust shall be held by one or more custodians appointed by the Sponsor, and may be registered in the name of the Trust, such custodian or a nominee. The terms of a custodian agreement shall be determined by the Sponsor.

10.05. Tax Returns. The Sponsor shall prepare and file, or cause the accountants of the Trust to prepare and file, a Federal income tax return in compliance with Code Section 6031, and any required state and local income tax and information returns for each tax year of the Trust. The costs incurred in connection with such returns will be treated as expenses of the Trust. The Sponsor shall provide or make available, or cause the accountants of the Trust to provide or make available, to Shareholders or their designee such tax information reasonably required for Federal, state and local income tax reporting purposes with respect to their ownership of Shares during a tax year of the Trust.

 

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10.06. Tax Matters Partner. For tax years ending on or before December 31, 2017, the Sponsor shall designate one Shareholder to constitute, and have full powers and responsibilities as, the tax matters partner of the Trust for purposes of Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code (the “Tax Matters Partner”). The Tax Matters Partner shall be entitled to take such actions on behalf of the Trust in any and all proceedings with the Internal Revenue Service as it, in its reasonable business judgment, deems to be in the best interests of the Trust without regard for whether such actions result in a settlement of tax matters favorable to some Shareholders and adverse to other Shareholders. Each Person (a “Pass-Thru Shareholder”) that holds or controls Shares as a Shareholder on behalf of, or for the benefit of another Person or Persons, or which Pass-Thru Shareholder is beneficially owned (directly or indirectly) by another Person or Persons will, within 30 calendar days following receipt from the Tax Matters Partner of any notice, demand or request for information or similar document, convey such notice or other document in writing to all holders of beneficial interests in Shares holding such Shares through a Pass-Thru Shareholder. In the event the Trust will be the subject of an income tax audit by any federal, state or local authority, to the extent the Trust is treated as an entity for purposes of such audit, including administrative settlement and judicial review, the Tax Matters Partner will be authorized to act for, and its decision will be final and binding upon, the Trust and each Shareholder thereof. The Tax Matters Partner shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Trust for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with any such proceeding and to be indemnified by the Trust (solely out of Trust assets) with respect to any action brought against it in connection with the settlement of any such proceeding.

10.07. Partnership Representative and Audits.

(a) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the Sponsor shall be the “partnership representative” of the Trust (“Partnership Representative”) pursuant to and to the extent permitted by Section 6223 of Title XI of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (“Title XI 2015 BBA”). In the event of any pending tax action, investigation, claim or controversy at the Trust level that may result in a “partnership adjustment,” within the meaning of Section 6241(2) of Title XI 2015 BBA (a “Partnership Adjustment”), to any item reported on a federal tax return of any Shareholder, the Partnership Representative shall keep such Shareholder fully and timely informed by written notice of any audit, administrative or judicial proceedings, meetings or conferences with the Internal Revenue Service or other similar matters that come to its attention in its capacity as Partnership Representative. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Partnership Representative shall be authorized to act for, and its decision shall be final and binding upon, the Trust and all Shareholders, and (ii) all expenses incurred by the Partnership Representative in connection with any income tax audit of any tax return of the Trust, the filing of any amended return or claim for refund in connection with any item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit reflected on any tax return of the Trust, or any administrative or judicial proceedings arising out of or in connection with any such audit, amended return, claim for refund or denial of such claim (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’, accountants’ and other experts’ fees and disbursements) shall be expenses of the Trust. Without the consent of the Sponsor, as applicable, no Shareholder shall have the right to (A) participate in the audit of any Trust tax return, (B) file any return inconsistent with, or file any amended return or claim for refund in connection with, any item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit reflected on any tax return of the Trust, (C) participate in any administrative or judicial proceedings arising out of or in connection with any audit, amended return, claim for refund or denial of such claim, or (D) appeal, challenge or otherwise protest any adverse findings in any such audit or with respect to any such amended return or claim for refund or in any such administrative or judicial proceedings.

(b) For any Partnership Adjustment or proposed Partnership Adjustment to the federal income tax returns of the Trust for which an “imputed underpayment,” within the meaning of Section 6225(b) of Title XI 2015 BBA would arise, then either, (i) the Partnership Representative may require that the Shareholder(s) affected by such Partnership Adjustment file amended returns that take

 

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into account such Partnership Adjustments and pay any additional tax due pursuant to Section 6225(c) of Title XI 2015 BBA or (ii) if the Partnership Representative does not require the affected Shareholder(s) to file such amended returns as provided in clause (i), and the affected Shareholder(s) do not otherwise file such amended returns, the Partnership Representative may elect application of Section 6226 of Title XI 2015 BBA. In any case, (A) the affected Shareholder(s) shall keep the Partnership Representative fully and timely informed by written notice of any administrative or judicial proceedings, meetings or conferences with the Internal Revenue Service or other similar matters with respect to the Partnership Adjustment, and (B) the Partnership Representative shall have the right to review and comment on any submissions to the Internal Revenue Service, and attend and jointly participate in any meetings or conferences with the Internal Revenue Service at its own expense.

(c) This Section 10.07 is intended to apply to the Trust for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 and to comply with certain provisions under Title XI 2015 BBA that may be subject to change or further interpretation by the U.S. Treasury or Internal Revenue Service after the date hereof. In the event of such change or further interpretation, the Sponsor is hereby authorized to amend this Agreement consistent with the provisions of Sections 10.07(a) and (b) above.

10.08. Tax Elections. The Sponsor, and each Shareholder by virtue of its purchase or acceptance of Shares, (i) express their intent that the Shares qualify under applicable tax law as interests in a partnership, and (ii) agree to file U.S. federal, state and local income, franchise and other tax returns in a manner that is consistent with the treatment of Trust as a partnership in which each of the Shareholders thereof is a partner. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, cause the Tax Matters Partner or Partnership Representative, as applicable, to make or revoke all tax elections that it is entitled to make on behalf of the Trust and the Shareholders for federal, state, local, and other tax purposes, including, without limitations, the election referred to in Code Section 754 or any similar provisions of state, local, or foreign tax law, the determination of which items of cash outlay are to be capitalized or treated as current expenses, and selection of the method of accounting and bookkeeping procedures to be used by the Trust. In the event that any election under the Code is made, each Shareholder will furnish the Trust with all information necessary to give effect to such election.

ARTICLE 11

DISSOLUTION AND TERMINATION

11.01. Dissolution. The Trust shall be dissolved and its affairs wound up upon the occurrence of any of the following events:

(a) the final distribution of all moneys or other property or proceeds of the Trust Estate;

(b) the election by the Sponsor to dissolve the Trust;

(c) dissolution of the Trust in accordance with applicable law;

(d) 180 days have elapsed since the Trustee notified the Sponsor of the Trustee’s election to resign or since the Sponsor removed the Trustee, and a successor has not been appointed and accepted its appointment;

(e) the Trust is determined to be a “money service business” under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the Bank Secrecy Act and is required to comply with certain FinCEN regulation thereunder or is determined to be a “money transmitter” (or equivalent designation) under the laws of any state in which the Trust operates and is required to seek licensing or otherwise comply with state licensing requirements, and the Sponsor has made the determination that termination of the Trust is advisable;

 

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(f) a United States regulator requires the Trust to shut down or forces the Trust to liquidate all of its Portfolio Crypto Assets;

(g) any ongoing event exists that either prevents the Trust from making or makes impractical the Trust’s reasonable efforts to make a fair determination of the price of Portfolio Crypto Asset for purposes of determining the net asset value of the Trust;

(h) the Sponsor determines that the aggregate net assets of the Trust in relation to the operating expenses of the Trust make it unreasonable or imprudent to continue the business of the Trust;

(i) the Trustee elects to terminate the Trust after the Sponsor is conclusively deemed to have resigned effective immediately as a result of the Sponsor being adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Sponsor or of its property being appointed, or a trustee or liquidator or any public officer taking charge or control of the Sponsor or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation and a successor sponsor has not been appointed; or

(j) the Sponsor elects to terminate the Trustee after the Trustee, Administrator, or Custodian (or any successor trustee, administrator, or custodian) resigns or otherwise ceases to be the trustee, administrator or custodian of the Trust, as applicable, and no replacement trustee, administrator and/or custodian acceptable to the Sponsor is engaged.

11.02. Removal of the Sponsor. The Shareholders shall not have any right to remove the Sponsor for any reason. The Sponsor may at any time determine to liquidate and dissolve the Trust without any action by the Shareholders.

11.03. Procedure. Upon the dissolution of the Trust, an accounting shall be made of the operations from the date of the last previous accounting to the date of such dissolution and, thereupon, the Sponsor (or such Person as may be designated by the Sponsor or, to the extent that there is no Sponsor, by the Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares in the Trust) shall act as “liquidating trustee” of the Trust and immediately proceed to wind up the business and affairs of the Trust in accordance with Section 3808 of the Trust Act. Upon the dissolution of the Trust, the Sponsor or such other liquidating trustee, as the case may be, shall, after paying or making provision for the payment of all liabilities (as and to the extent required by the Trust Act), including providing for the cost of dissolution and reserves for contingent, conditional or unmatured liabilities, distribute the remainder either in cash or in Portfolio Crypto Assets or Securities to the then Shareholders (or their Representatives) as nearly as may be practicable in proportion to their then respective Percentage Interests after taking into account transactions related to the liquidation of the Trust. Upon completion of the distribution of the Trust assets to the Trust’s creditors and Shareholders, the Trust shall be terminated and the Sponsor (or any other Person acting as liquidating trustee) shall file a Certificate of Cancellation in the Office of the Delaware Secretary of State, cancel any other applicable filings made with respect to the Trust, and take other actions necessary to terminate the Trust’s existence.

11.04. Return of Contribution Solely Out of Trust Assets. A Shareholder shall look solely to the properties and assets of the Trust for return of his, her or its contribution, and if the properties and assets of the Trust remaining after the payment or discharge of the liabilities of the Trust are insufficient to return his contribution, that Shareholder shall have no recourse against the Sponsor or any other Shareholder for that purpose.

 

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ARTICLE 12

POWER OF ATTORNEY

12.01. Power of Attorney. Each Shareholder does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint the Sponsor as such Shareholder’s true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact with full power of substitution and resubstitution, in his name, place and stead to make, execute, acknowledge, record and file all documents requisite to carry out the intention and purpose of this Agreement, including, without limitation, (i) any certificates and other instruments, including but not limited to, any applications for authority to do business and amendments thereto, which the Sponsor deems appropriate to qualify or continue the Trust as a business or statutory trust in the jurisdictions in which the Trust may conduct business, so long as such qualifications and continuations are in accordance with the terms of this Trust Agreement or any amendment hereto, or which may be required to be filed by the Trust or the Shareholders under the laws of any jurisdiction, (ii) any other amendments hereof required or permitted by law or by this Agreement, (iii) all documents to reflect the exercise by the Sponsor of any of the powers granted to it under this Agreement, and (iv) all other instruments, documents and certificates which may be required by the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Trust does business, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, to effectuate, implement or continue the valid and subsisting existence of the Trust.

The foregoing grant of authority:

(a) is a special power of attorney coupled with an interest, is irrevocable, and shall survive the death, bankruptcy, incompetence, insolvency or dissolution of a Shareholder;

(b) may be exercised by the Person appointed as power of attorney for each Shareholder by a facsimile, portable document format or electronic signature or by executing any instrument with his single signature as attorney-in-fact for all of the Shareholders; and

(c) shall survive the delivery of an assignment by a Shareholder of the whole or any portion of his Shares for the sole purpose of enabling the Sponsor to execute, acknowledge and file any instrument necessary to effect such assignment.

ARTICLE 13

MISCELLANEOUS

13.01. Amendments to this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended at any time solely upon the written consent of the Sponsor for the purpose of (i) reflecting new Shareholders; (ii) changing the name of the Trust or the location of its office; (iii) correcting ambiguities, inconsistencies or any incompleteness in this Agreement; (iv) conforming this Agreement and Trust operations to federal or state tax, legal, securities or other requirements or regulations, including amendments necessary to preserve the Trust’s qualification to be taxed as a partnership, and to prevent the Trust from in any manner being deemed an “investment company” subject to the provisions of the Investment Company Act; (v) reflecting the Contributions and Shares of the Shareholders; (vi) making a change in any provision of this Agreement that requires any action to be taken by or on behalf of the Sponsor or the Trust pursuant to applicable Delaware law if the provisions of applicable Delaware law are amended, modified or revoked so that the taking of such action is no longer required; or (vii) effecting such other amendments as may be deemed by the Sponsor to be necessary and/or desirable to conduct the Trust’s business, and not adverse in any material respects to the Shares of existing Shareholders. Except as specifically permitted in this Agreement, without the specific consent of each Shareholder adversely affected thereby, no amendment

 

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may (i) reduce the Per Share Capital Account of any Share, (ii) change the respective liabilities of the Sponsor and the Shareholders, (iii) have the effect of allocating Net Profits and Net Losses other than in accordance with Article 6 hereof (as in effect prior to such amendment), or (iv) change the provisions of this Agreement regarding such amendments. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement to the contrary, including the provisions in this Article 13, amendments to this Agreement that do not adversely affect the rights of any Shareholder or the Trust in any material respect may be made by the Sponsor without the consent of any Shareholder. Any amendment to this Agreement not otherwise provided for in this Section 13.01 or elsewhere in this Agreement may be made at any time by written consent of the Sponsor and of Shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Trust shall provide to the Shareholders written notice of any amendments to this Agreement. No amendment shall be made to this Trust Agreement without the consent of the Trustee if it reasonably believes that such amendment adversely affects any of the rights, duties or liabilities of the Trustee. At the expense of the Sponsor, the Trustee shall execute and file any amendment to the Certificate of Trust if so directed by the Sponsor or if such amendment is required in the opinion of the Trustee.

13.02. Notices. All notices, approvals, consents, and other communications required or permitted hereunder (collectively “notices”) shall be in writing, duly signed by the party giving such notice, and shall be delivered, sent electronically, by facsimile, or mailed by registered or certified mail, as follows:

(a) If given to the Trust, in care of the Sponsor at 300 Brannan Street Suite 201, San Francisco, CA 94107, or at such other address as the Sponsor hereafter designates by notice to the Trust, which address shall then be reflected on the Trust’s books;

(b) If given to the Sponsor, at its mailing address set forth in Section 13.02(a) above, or at such other address the Sponsor hereafter designates by notice to the Trust, which address shall then be reflected on the Trust’s books;

(c) If given to any Shareholder, at the address set forth in such Shareholder’s Subscription Agreement, the address set forth in the books and records of the Trust or the Transfer Agent, or such other address such Shareholder hereafter designates by notice to the Trust or to the Transfer Agent, or through methods generally used to provide notice to DTC Shareholders; or

(d) If given to the Trustee, at 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, DE 19808, Attn: Corporate Trust Administration, or at such other address as the Trustee hereafter designates by notice to the Trust, which address shall then be reflected on the Trust’s books.

Any notice complying with the foregoing shall be deemed to have been given, (i) when delivered personally, (ii) on the next Business Day after being sent by a recognized overnight courier service, (iii) on receipt of return acknowledgment by facsimile or electronic transmission, when given by facsimile or electronic transmission, or (iv) on the third Business Day after being sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested. Any reports or notices by the Sponsor to the Shareholders which are given electronically shall be effective upon receipt without requirement of confirmation.

Each Shareholder consents to the electronic delivery (including via email and through PDF file format) of information, including, without limitation, any information required to be delivered pursuant to applicable securities laws. In addition, each Shareholder (i) consents to the electronic delivery of reports, including without limitation, any applicable tax reports (e.g., Schedules K-1), (ii) agrees that such reports may be delivered by the Trust by making them available for viewing, downloading and/or saving on the Internet website www.bitwiseinvestments.com under “Investor Relations,” and (iii) agrees to monitor that website on a regular basis in order to ensure timely receipt of such information.

 

37


13.03. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, any Subscription Agreement that is executed by a Shareholder in connection with this Agreement and any side letter or other similar agreement constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto pertaining to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings pertaining thereto. No modification or waiver of this Agreement or any part hereof shall be valid or effective unless in writing and signed by the party sought to be charged therewith; and no waiver of any breach or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any other or subsequent breach or condition, whether of like or different nature. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement (including Section 13.01), or of any Subscription Agreement, it is hereby acknowledged and agreed that the Sponsor on its own behalf or on behalf of the Trust without the approval of any Shareholder or any other Person may enter into a side letter or similar agreement to or with a Shareholder which has the effect of establishing rights under, or altering or supplementing the terms of, this Agreement or of any Subscription Agreement. The parties hereto agree that any terms contained in a side letter or similar agreement to or with a Shareholder shall govern with respect to such Shareholder notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement or of any Subscription Agreement.

13.04. Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any particular provision of this Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall be construed as if such invalid or unenforceable provision were omitted.

13.05. Captions and Gender. The captions of the Articles and Sections are for convenience and reference only and are not to be considered in construing this Agreement. Whenever used herein, the singular number includes the plural, the plural includes the singular and the use of any gender shall include all genders.

13.06. Law Governing. This Agreement and the rights of the parties hereunder shall be interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, and all rights and remedies shall be governed by such laws, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws, except to the extent such laws are preempted by applicable U.S. federal law.

13.07. Successors and Assigns. Subject to the restrictions on transferability contained herein, this Agreement and all the terms and provisions hereof shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefits of the Shareholders, their respective legal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns. The Sponsor shall provide the Shareholders with prompt notice of any assignment of its duties and responsibilities as the Sponsor. In addition, to the extent required by applicable law, the Sponsor shall notify the Trust of any changes in ownership of the Sponsor within a reasonable period of time after such change.

13.08. Additional Instruments. Each Shareholder hereby agrees upon request of the Sponsor to execute and deliver from time to time such other certificates or other documents and to perform such acts as the Sponsor may reasonably request for the purposes of the Trust.

13.09. Waiver of Right to Partition. Each of the Shareholders irrevocably waives during the term of the Trust any right that it may have to maintain any action for partition with respect to the property and assets of the Trust.

13.10. Anti-Money Laundering and Securities Laws. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Sponsor, in its own name and on behalf of the Trust, shall be authorized without the consent of any Person, including any Shareholder, to take such action as it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or advisable to comply with any anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist or securities laws, rules, regulations, directives or special measures, including the actions contemplated in the Subscription Agreements.

 

38


13.11. No Third-Party Rights. Except as provided in Sections 4.04, 5.06 and 5.07, the provisions of this Agreement are not intended to be for the benefit of any creditor or other Person (other than the Shareholders in their capacities as such) to whom any debts, liabilities or obligations are owed by (or who otherwise have a claim against or dealings with) the Trust or any Shareholder, and no such creditor or other Person shall obtain any rights under any of such provisions (whether as a third-party beneficiary or otherwise) or shall by reason of any such provisions make any claim in respect to any debt, liability or obligation (or otherwise) against the Trust or any Shareholder.

13.12. No Legal Title to Trust Estate. The Shareholders shall not have legal title to any part of the Trust Estate. No transfer, by operation of law or otherwise, of any right, title or interest of the Shareholders to and in their ownership interest in the Trust shall operate to terminate this Agreement or the trusts hereunder or entitle any transferee to an accounting or to the transfer to it of legal title to any part of the Trust Estate.

13.13. No Recourse. Each Shareholder acknowledges that its beneficial interest in the Trust does not represent an interest in or obligation of the Administrator, the Custodian, the Trustee, the Sponsor or any affiliate thereof and no recourse may be had against such parties or their assets, except as may be expressly set forth or contemplated in this Agreement.

13.14. Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or other electronic transmission), each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. No counterpart of this Agreement shall be binding unless signed by the Sponsor.

 

39


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereunto executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

BITWISE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC,
as Sponsor
By:   /s/ Hunter Horsley
  Name: Hunter Horsley
  Title: President and Treasurer

DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY,

as Trustee

By:  

/s/ James L. Grier

  Name: James L. Grier
  Title: Assistant Vice President

Exhibit 4.2

CERTIFICATE OF TRUST

OF

BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND

This Certificate of Trust of Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (the “Trust”), has been duly executed and is being filed by the undersigned, as trustee, to form a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. § 3801 et seq. (the “Act”).

FIRST. The name of the statutory trust is Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund.

SECOND. The name and address of the trustee of the Trust having a principal place of business in the State of Delaware are Delaware Trust Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware 19808.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has duly executed this Certificate of Trust in accordance with the Act.

 

DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, not in its

individual capacity but solely as trustee of the Trust

By:

  /s/ James L. Grier
  Name:James L. Grier
 

Title: Assistant Vice President

 

 

 

 

State of Delaware    
Secretary of State    
Division of Corporations    
Delivered 06:06 PM 05/01/2020    
FILED 06:06 PM 05/01/2020    
SR 20203369695 - File Number 6547854    

Exhibit 4.3

 

LOGO

Subscription Agreement

for

Shares in

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

a Delaware Statutory Trust

Please carefully review and follow the instructions to subscribers immediately following this cover page.    

Incomplete subscription agreements will be returned to subscribers for completion.

Subscribers are strongly encouraged to seek independent legal, investment and tax advice regarding their individual circumstances and financial objectives in determining whether to subscribe for shares in Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund.


Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Part I: Introduction and Instructions

Introduction

This subscription agreement (“Subscription Agreement”) provides important information and documentation needed to subscribe for and invest in a units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in the profits, losses, distributions, capital and assets of, and ownership of (“Shares”), Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (the “Fund”). Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sponsor”), will serve as the sponsor of the Fund.

By signing the signature page to this Subscription Agreement (“Signature Page”), you agree to be bound by the terms of the Subscription Agreement, the trust agreement of the Fund (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Trust Agreement”), and the private placement memorandum (“Private Placement Memorandum”), and/or any other offering materials provided to you with respect to the Shares through the date of your execution of this Subscription Agreement (collectively, the “Offering Materials”).

This Subscription Agreement includes each of the following items:

 

   

Part I, Introduction and Instructions

 

   

Part II, the “Investor Questionnaire” and Signature Page

 

   

Part III, which provides legally binding terms of the Subscription Agreement additional to those in the Investor Questionnaire

Subscribers (“Subscribers”) for Shares should review the materials provided carefully and follow the steps and instructions below.

The terms “I,” “me,” “my” and similar terms used throughout this Subscription Agreement refer to the Subscriber.

Instructions to Subscribers

In order to invest in the Fund, please complete the following steps.

1. Investor Questionnaire: Please submit to the Sponsor, by completing and submitting this form online, (1) a completed and signed Investor Questionnaire and E-Signature Page, and (2) all requested supplemental information and documentation, including the following:

 

   

For entity investors, a copy of the applicable organizational and authority documents (e.g., trust instrument, certificate of incorporation, certificate of formation, corporate resolutions, bylaws, partnership agreement, operating agreement, plan documents, etc.).    

 

   

For natural person investors, a copy of a driver’s license, passport or other government-issued form of identification.

 

   

IRS Form W-9 (included as Part III of this Subscription Agreement).

2. When and Where to Send: The Investor Questionnaire, E-Signature Page and supplemental materials should be delivered simultaneously through the online form at bitwiseinvestments.com/onboarding. Failure to submit these documents will result in an incomplete Subscription Agreement and prevent you from subscribing for Shares.

 

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3. Payment of Investment: Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, Subscribers will make capital contributions at the time of acceptance by the Sponsor of their subscription to the Fund in accordance with the wire transfer instructions provided in the notice of acceptance. Wire transfer instructions for payment in U.S. dollars (“USD”) or the public Bitcoin address for payments in Bitcoin (“BTC”) will be provided in the notice of acceptance.

4. Questions: If you have any questions about the Subscription Agreement, please contact the Sponsor at investors@bitwiseinvestments.com. An incomplete Subscription Agreement will be rejected and returned to Subscriber for completion.

5. Additional Information: The Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, request other information from the Subscriber.

The enclosed documents may not be reproduced or delivered to any other person or entity.

 

I-2


Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Part II: Investor Questionnaire and Signature Page

 

1.

Subscriber Information

 

Amount of Subscription:                                          USD

                                                                                       BTC

Full Legal Name of Investor:   

For entities:                                                      For natural persons:

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                          First Name, Middle Initial, Last Name

Indicate if Investor is:   

☐ S Corporation

☐ Grantor Trust

☐ Limited Partnership

☐ Limited Liability Company

☐ Estate

☐ Trust-EIN (trust with EIN in format: 12-3456789)

Trust-SSN (trust with EIN in format: 123-45-6789)

☐ Public Pension Plan

☐ Sovereign Investment Fund

  

☐ C Corporation

☐ General Partnership

☐ Limited Liability Partnership

☐ Exempt Organization

☐ Nominee-EIN

Nominee-SSN

☐ Natural Person

☐ Other                             

If Subscriber is an entity (e.g., a trust, partnership, corporation, etc.), please answer the questions in this Investor Questionnaire from the perspective of the entity itself, rather than from the perspective of the individual who will be signing for the entity.
For Entities:    For Natural Persons:
Date of Organization:                                             Date of Birth:                                                              
State/Country of Organization:                                                                          (Month/Day/Year)
Street Address:                                                                      Mailing Address for All Communications:
☐ Check if same as street address.                                    
    Address – Line 1:                                                                                   Address – Line 1:                                                                          
    Address – Line 2:                                                                                   Address – Line 2:                                                                          
    City:                                                                                                        City:                                                                                                
    State:                                               Zip Code:                                       State:                                               Zip Code:                              

 

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Telephone Number:    

Facsimile Number (optional):                

E-Mail Address:                

Social Security Number or Tax Identification Number:

For entity investors, attach a copy of the applicable organizational and authority documents (e.g., trust instrument, certificate of incorporation, certificate of formation, corporate resolutions, partnership agreement, operating agreement, plan documents, etc.).

For natural person investors, check form of ownership below, and provide a copy of driver’s license, passport or other government-issued form of identification.

Individual Ownership (One signature required)    

Tenants in Common (All tenants must sign)

Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship (All tenants must sign)    

Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) (One signature required)

2. Status as a U.S. Person. I am a “U.S. Person,” within the meaning of Rule 902(a)(k) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), based on the fact that (check all that apply):

☐ I am a natural person resident in the United States.

☐ I am a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or equivalent legal entity organized under the laws of any state of the United States; or organized or incorporated under the laws of any foreign jurisdiction, and formed by a U.S. person principally for the purpose of investing in securities not registered under the Securities Act, unless it is organized or incorporated, and owned, by accredited investors (as defined below) who are not natural persons, estates or trusts.

☐ I am an estate of which any executor or administrator is a U.S. person, or a trust of which any trustee is a U.S. person.

☐ I am an agency or branch of a foreign entity located in the United States.

☐ I am a non-discretionary account or similar account (other than an estate or trust) held by a dealer or other fiduciary for the benefit or account of a U.S. person.

☐ I am a discretionary account or similar account (other than an estate or trust) held by a dealer or other fiduciary organized, incorporated, or (if an individual) resident in the United States.

 

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☐ I am none of the above, and therefore am not a U.S. person within the meaning of Rule 902(a)(k) of the Securities Act.1

(1) I will immediately notify the Sponsor if I become a U.S. person at any time during which I hold or own an Interest;

(2) I am not acquiring the Interest for the account or benefit of a U.S. person;

(3) I was physically located outside of the U.S. at the time that I received the Trust Agreement and this Subscription Agreement; and

(4) I was physically located outside of the U.S. as of the execution date of this Subscription Agreement.

3. Accredited Investor Status. I am an “accredited investor,” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act, based on the fact that (check all that apply):

☐ I am a natural person who has a net worth2, either individually or on a joint basis with my spouse, of at least U.S. $1,000,000.

☐ I am a natural person who has had individual income in excess of U.S. $200,000 for each of the two most recent years, or joint income with my spouse in excess of U.S. $300,000 in each of those years, and I have a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year.

☐ I am a director, executive officer or equivalent of the Fund or the Sponsor.

 

 

1 

U.S. persons do not include any of the following: (i) any discretionary account or similar account (other than an estate or trust) held for the benefit or account of a non-U.S. person by a dealer or other professional fiduciary organized, incorporated, or (if an individual) resident in the United States; (ii) any estate of which any professional fiduciary acting as executor or administrator is a U.S. person if: (A) an executor or administrator of the estate who is not a U.S. person has sole or shared investment discretion with respect to the assets of the estate; and (B) the estate is governed by foreign law; (iii) any trust of which any professional fiduciary acting as trustee is a U.S. person, if a trustee who is not a U.S. person has sole or shared investment discretion with respect to the trust assets, and no beneficiary of the trust (and no settlor if the trust is revocable) is a U.S. person; (iv) an employee benefit plan established and administered in accordance with the law of a country other than the United States and customary practices and documentation of such country; (v) any agency or branch of a U.S. person located outside the United States if: (A) the agency or branch operates for valid business reasons; and (B) the agency or branch is engaged in the business of insurance or banking and is subject to substantive insurance or banking regulation, respectively, in the jurisdiction where located; and (vi) the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the United Nations, and their agencies, affiliates and pension plans, and any other similar international organizations, their agencies, affiliates and pension plans.

 

2 

Net worth” means the excess of total assets at fair market value over total liabilities. For purposes of determining “net worth,” the primary residence owned by an individual should be excluded as an asset. Any liabilities secured by the primary residence should be included in total liabilities only if and to the extent that: (1) such liabilities exceed the fair market value of the residence; or (2) such liabilities were incurred within 60 days before the sale of the Shares (other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence).

 

II-3


☐ I am a trust, with total assets in excess of U.S. $5,000,000, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in Rule 506(b)(2)(ii) under the Securities Act, and I will not hold Shares in the Fund that is more than 40% of the total value of my assets after the purchase of my Shares.

☐ I am a corporation, California, Delaware or similar business trust, or partnership, with total assets in excess of U.S. $5,000,000, and I will not hold Shares in the Fund that is more than 40% of the total value of my assets after the purchase of my Shares.

☐ I am a private business development company as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”).

☐ I am a bank as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or a savings and loan association or other institution as defined in Section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act, whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity.

☐ I am a broker or dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”).

☐ I am an insurance company as defined in Section 2(13) of the Securities Act.

☐ I am an investment company registered under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940

(“1940 Act”), as amended, or a business development company as defined in Section 2(a)(48) of the Investment Company Act.

☐ I am a Small Business Investment Company licensed by the Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of the U.S. Small Business Investment Act of 1958.

☐ I am an entity in which all of the equity owners are “accredited investors.”

☐ I am not an accredited investor.

4. ERISA

Benefit Plan Investor Status. I am, or am acting (directly or indirectly) on behalf of, either:

☐ An employee benefit plan (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”)), whether or not the plan is subject to Title I of ERISA; a plan, individual retirement account or other arrangement that is subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”); a “benefit plan investor” within the meaning of 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101; a “governmental plan” within the meaning of Section 3(32) of ERISA; or a person that is deemed to hold “plan assets” under the ERISA plan assets regulations, and consequently subject to regulation under ERISA.

☐ An entity 25% or more of the value of any class of equity of which is held by entities described in the paragraph above; provided that for purposes of making the determination, the value of any equity interest held by a person (other than an entity described in the beginning of this item) who has discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the entity or a person who provides investment advice for a fee (direct or indirect) with respect to those assets, or any affiliate of that person, will be disregarded.3

 

3 

Based on this definition, an insurance company using general account assets may be deemed to include the assets of a benefit plan investor, pursuant to Section 401(c) of ERISA. For example, plans that are maintained by a foreign corporation, a governmental entity or a church are employee benefit plans within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA but generally are not subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.

 

II-4


☐ If I am a “benefit plan investor” based on the immediately preceding item, I am subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.

☐ I am none of the above.

5. Regulation D Disqualifying Event. I4 am subject to the following Regulation D Rule 506(d) “disqualifying event,” or am subject to a proceeding or event that could result in a “disqualifying event” (check all that apply):6

☐ I have been convicted within ten years of the date of my signature on the Signature Page of any felony or misdemeanor (i) in connection with the purchase or sale of any security, (ii) involving the making of any false filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or (iii) arising out of the conduct of the business of an underwriter, broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, investment adviser or paid solicitor of purchasers of securities;

☐ I am subject to any order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction entered within five years of the date of my signature on the Signature Page that presently restrains or enjoins me from engaging or continuing to engage in any conduct or practice (i) in connection with the purchase or sale of any security, (ii) involving the making of any false filing with the SEC or (iii) arising out of the conduct of the business of an underwriter, broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, investment adviser or paid solicitor of purchasers of securities;

☐ I am subject to a final order of a state securities commission (or an agency or officer of a state performing like functions); a state authority that supervises or examines banks, savings associations or credit unions; a state insurance commission (or an agency or officer of a state performing like functions); an appropriate federal banking agency; the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission; or the National Credit Union Administration that (i) as of the date of my signature on the Signature Page, bars me from (A) association with an entity regulated by one of these commissions, authorities, agencies or officers, (B) engaging in the business of securities, insurance or banking or (C) engaging in savings association or credit union activities, or (ii) constitutes a final order based on a violation of any law or regulation that prohibits fraudulent, manipulative or deceptive conduct entered within ten years of the date of my signature on the Signature Page;

☐ I am subject to any order of the SEC pursuant to Section 15(b) or 15B(c) of the Exchange Act or Section 203(e) or (f) of the Advisers Act that as of the date of my signature on the Signature Page (i) suspends or revokes my registration as a broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer or investment adviser, (ii) places limitations on my activities, functions or operations or (iii) bars me from being associated with any entity or from participating in the offering of any penny stock;

 

 

4 

For purposes of this item, references to “I” include any person whose interest in, or relationship to, me is deemed to make that person a beneficial owner of my voting securities under Exchange Act Rule 13d-3 and within the meaning of Rule 506(d). Under Rule 13d-3, a person is a beneficial owner of a security if, for among other reasons, such person directly or indirectly has or shares (a) the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security and/or (b) the power to dispose of or direct the disposition of such security.

 

II-5


☐ I am subject to any order of the SEC entered within five years of the date of my signature on the Signature Page that presently orders me to cease and desist from committing or causing a violation or future violation of (i) any scienter-based anti-fraud provision of the federal securities laws or (ii) Section 5 of the Securities Act;

☐ I am, as of the date of my signature on the Signature Page, suspended or expelled from membership in, or suspended or barred from association with a member of, a registered national securities exchange or a registered national or affiliated securities association for any act or omission to act constituting conduct inconsistent with just and equitable principles of trade;

☐ I have filed (as a registrant or issuer), or was or was named as an underwriter in, any registration statement or Regulation A offering statement filed with the SEC that, within five years of the date of my signature on the Signature Page, was the subject of a refusal order, stop order or order suspending the Regulation A exemption, or is presently the subject of an investigation or proceeding to determine whether a stop order or suspension order should be issued; or

☐ I am subject to a United States Postal Service false representation order entered within five years of the date of my signature on the Signature Page or presently subject to a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction with respect to conduct alleged by the United States Postal Service to constitute a scheme or device for obtaining money or property through the mail by means of false representations.

☐ I am not subject to any of the disqualifying events listed above.

6. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) Foreign Person Status Questions. I am:

☐ A foreign national – i.e., neither a U.S. citizen nor another individual who owes his or her sole allegiance to the United States.

☐ A foreign government, including any government-controlled legal entity organized or incorporated under the laws of any foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) jurisdiction.

☐ A foreign entity, including any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or equivalent legal entity organized or incorporated under the laws of any foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) jurisdiction.

☐ A U.S. national over whom control5 is exercised or may be exercisable – in any form – by a foreign national, foreign government or foreign entity (e.g., I have substantial debts held by a foreign government, etc.)

☐ A corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or equivalent legal entity organized or incorporated under the laws of any state of the United States over whom control is exercised or may be exercisable – in any form – by a foreign national, foreign government or foreign entity (e.g., I have a foreign shareholder that has the right to nominate candidates for one or more board seats; I have a foreign manager or general partner; a foreign person otherwise participates in my important decision-making processes; etc.).

 

 

5 

Control means the power, direct or indirect, whether exercised or not exercised, to determine, direct, or decide important matters affecting an entity, subject to regulations prescribed by CFIUS, and includes negative control (i.e., the ability to prevent an entity from making a particular decision).

 

II-6


☐ Not a foreign person under any of the above definitions or otherwise as defined under Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, including all implementing regulations thereof.

7. Additional Certifications and Representations for Entity Investors and Individual Retirement Accounts. Please check all that apply:

☐ I am an entity that has been organized, reorganized, formed, capitalized or recapitalized for the specific purpose of acquiring Shares.

☐ The amount of my subscription for Shares in the Fund exceeds 40% of my total assets (on a consolidated basis with my subsidiaries) or, if I am a private investment fund with binding, unconditional commitments from my beneficial owners, more than 40% of those commitments.

☐ I am an entity that would be an investment company under the 1940 Act but for Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) thereof.

If you have checked any of the above boxes in this Section 8 in the affirmative, please indicate the number of beneficial owners your entity has below.

____ Number of beneficial owners

☐ I am (i) a partnership, grantor trust or an S-corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or (ii) an entity that is disregarded as separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is owned by a partnership, grantor trust or S-corporation.

If so:

☐ More than 50 percent of the value of the ownership interest of any of my beneficial owners is (or may at any time during the term of the Fund be) attributable to my Shares in the Fund.

☐ A principal purpose of my participation in the Fund is to permit the Fund to satisfy the 100 partner limitation contained in U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.7704-1(h)(3).

☐ My shareholders, partners or other equity or beneficial interest holders are able to decide individually whether to participate,6 or the extent of their participation,7 in my investment in the Fund.

 

 

6 

A Subscriber should check this box if, for example, its shareholders, partners or other holders of equity or beneficial interests are able to determine whether their capital will form part of the capital invested by the Subscriber in the Fund, including (i) participant-directed defined contribution plans in which participants have or will have discretion as to their level of investment in the Subscriber or (ii) plans in which employees determine their level of participation.

 

II-7


☐ I am directly or indirectly (a) subject to the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552 (“FOIA”), any U.S. state public records access law, or any U.S. state or other jurisdiction’s laws similar in intent or effect to FOIA, or (b) subject, by regulation, contract or otherwise, to disclose information concerning the Fund to a trading exchange or other market where my Shares are sold or traded, whether foreign or domestic, or (c) an agent, nominee, fiduciary, custodian or trustee for any person described in the preceding clauses (a) or (b) where information concerning the Fund provided or to be disclosed to that agent, nominee, fiduciary, custodian or trustee by the Fund or the Sponsor is provided or could at any time become available to a person described in the preceding clauses (a) or (b).

☐ None of the above apply to me.

8. Truthfulness of Information Provided; Additional Information.

☐ I represent and warrant to the Fund and the Sponsor that the answers I have provided in this Investor Questionnaire and each Form W-9 or other applicable IRS Form that I have delivered to the Sponsor as my investor information are current, true, correct and complete and do not omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained in those documents not misleading. I further represent that the address set forth in this Investor Questionnaire is my true and correct legal address. I agree to notify the Fund and the Sponsor of any change to the information provided in this Investor Questionnaire promptly, but in any event within thirty (30) calendar days of the change.

☐ I represent and warrant that all of the representations and warranties I am making in this Subscription Agreement are true and accurate as of the date of my signature on the Signature Page. If any representations and warranties are not true and accurate prior to acceptance of this Subscription Agreement, I shall give prompt written notice of this fact to the Fund and the Sponsor specifying which representations and warranties are not true and accurate and the reasons why they are not. I agree to notify the Fund and the Sponsor promptly if there is any change with respect to any of the representations and warranties in this Subscription Agreement.

☐ I agree that at any time in the future at which I may acquire additional Shares, I shall be deemed to have reaffirmed, as of the date of acquisition of the additional Shares, each and every representation and warranty made by me in this Subscription Agreement or any other instrument provided by me to the Fund and the Sponsor in connection with that acquisition, except to the extent modified in writing by me and consented to by the Fund and the Sponsor.

☐ I agree on behalf of myself and my successors and assigns, without further consideration, to prepare, execute, acknowledge, file, record, publish and deliver any other instruments, documents and statements and to take any other actions as the Sponsor may determine to be necessary or appropriate to effectuate and carry out the purposes of this Subscription Agreement and the Trust Agreement.    

9. Electronic Delivery. The Fund, the Sponsor and/or any third party service provider selected by the Sponsor under its authority set forth in the Trust Agreement may provide you (or your designated agents) (i) statements, reports, and all other communications relating to (A) the Fund and (B) your investment in the Fund, including investment account information, subscription and withdrawal activity, Schedule K-1s, annual and other updates of the Fund’s consumer privacy policies and procedures and (ii) all communications relating to the Sponsor (collectively, the “Fund Information”), in electronic form, such as through a file attached to an email sent to the email address provided by you, or over a private internet site, in lieu of or in addition to sending such Fund Information as hard copies via facsimile or mail. If the Fund Information is made available over the internet, you may be notified of its availability through an email sent to the email address provided by you. You agree that all Fund Information provided to you via email notification or website will be deemed to have been good and effective delivery to you when sent or posted, regardless of whether you actually or timely receive or access the email notification. Email

 

II-8


messages are not secure and may contain computer viruses or other defects, may not be accurately replicated on other systems, or may be intercepted, deleted or interfered with without the knowledge of the sender or the intended recipient. Each of the Fund, the Sponsor and any third party service provider reserves the right to intercept, monitor and retain emails messages to and from its systems as permitted by applicable law. The Sponsor’s acceptance of your subscription is not conditioned on consent to electronic delivery of Fund Information. You agree that you will be solely responsible for notifying the Fund in writing of any change in your email address and that the Fund may not seek to verify or confirm your email address as provided. If you do not have access to the internet or email, you should not consent to electronic delivery of Fund Information. You may revoke your consent to electronic delivery of Fund Information at any time upon written notice to the Fund and receive all Fund Information in paper format. The effective date of the withdrawal of consent will either be the date the notice of withdrawal is received or a subsequent date that will be communicated to you within a reasonable time after the receipt of notice of the withdrawal of consent. You may also request delivery of a paper copy of any Fund Information by contacting the Fund.

Please check the appropriate box:

☐ I agree to receive Fund Information in electronic form at the Sponsor’s discretion in lieu of a separate mailing of paper copies until such time as I no longer have the right to receive Fund Information or I revoke my consent in writing.

☐ I do not agree to receive Fund Information in electronic form in lieu of or in addition to separate mailing of paper copies.

10. Agreements. I have received, and understand that I should read and carefully review, the following documents in connection with submitting a Subscription Agreement, and I agree, if my Subscription Agreement is accepted by the Sponsor in its discretion, to be bound by the terms of the following agreements, all as evidenced by my executing the Signature Page and delivering the Signature Page to the Sponsor:

(a) The Trust Agreement, which sets forth terms applicable to the Fund;

(b) This Subscription Agreement, which sets forth the terms governing my investment in the Fund and sets forth certain representations I am making in connection with my investment in the Fund; and

(c) The Private Placement Memorandum, including the risk factors contained therein, and other Offering Materials.

11. Related Party Acknowledgement.

☐ I represent and warrant that, to the best of my knowledge, I do not control, am not controlled by or under common control with, any other investor in the Fund.

[E-Signature Page Follows]

 

II-9


E-SIGNATURE PAGE

I agree to comply with and be bound by all terms of the Subscription Agreement, including this Investor Questionnaire and all other components of the Subscription Agreement.

☐ By checking this box and pressing the “I Agree” button, I agree to comply with and be bound by the Subscription Agreement and the Trust Agreement. I acknowledge and accept that all purchases of Shares in the Fund are final, and there are no refunds or cancellations except as may be required by applicable law or regulation. I further acknowledge and accept that the Sponsor reserves the right to refuse or accept any Subscription in its sole discretion prior to the applicable subscription date; provided that if the Sponsor does refuse to accept my Subscription, it shall return or cause the return of the Subscription to me.

I understand that I will not receive any fractional Shares. Any fractional Share that I would otherwise be entitled to receive that is less than 0.5 Share shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Share and any such fractional Share equal to or greater than 0.5 Share shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Share; provided, however, that any such rounding up or down will not change the price per Share or contribution payable with respect to such Shares as determined in accordance with the Trust Agreement. I understand the Sponsor will not return to me any money I tender that cannot be used to purchase a whole Share.

 

US $                                                                               By:  

 

          Subscription Amount       Name/Title:
    Email:  

 

Date:                                                                                
    Address:  

 

   

 

ACCEPTANCE OF SUBSCRIPTION

(to be filled out only by the Sponsor of the Fund)

The Sponsor hereby accepts the above application for subscription for Shares on behalf of the Fund.

Name of Subscriber: _____________________________________    

Amount of Subscription accepted: US $ ______________________    

 

Sponsor:
Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC

By: _________________________________

Name:

Title:

Date: _________________________________

Accepted for

admission as of:                                                  


Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

Part III: Subscription Agreement

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

c/o Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC

Ladies and Gentlemen:

1. Subscription. The undersigned (“Subscriber” or “Shareholder”) hereby subscribes pursuant to this subscription agreement (this “Subscription Agreement”) for units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in the profits, losses, distributions, capital and assets of, and ownership of (“Shares”), Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (the “Fund”), with a subscription amount (“Subscription”) set forth in the Investor Questionnaire portion of this Subscription Agreement (the “Investor Questionnaire”).

2. Acceptance of Agreement; Conditions. The Subscriber understands and agrees that this subscription is made subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Subscription Agreement and the trust agreement of the Fund (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Trust Agreement”), and that Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC (the “Sponsor”) shall have the right to accept or reject the Subscriber’s Subscription for any reason or no reason, in whole or in part, and at any time prior to its acceptance. The Subscriber agrees to provide any information reasonably requested by the Sponsor to verify the accuracy of the representations contained herein. The Subscriber acknowledges that the Fund expects to enter into separate subscription agreements with other investors providing for the sale of Shares in the Fund.

3. Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Subscriber. The Subscriber hereby represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Management Parties (as defined below) as follows:

3.1. Reliance. The Fund, the Sponsor and their respective officers, directors, principals, members, employees, agents, and other affiliates (collectively, the “Management Parties”) will be relying on the information, representations, warranties and covenants of the Subscriber in this Subscription Agreement for many purposes.

3.2. Binding Obligation. The Trust Agreement and the Subscription Agreement shall become binding and enforceable against the Subscriber in accordance with their terms on the date, if any, that the Sponsor accepts this subscription in whole or in part. The Subscriber understands that, upon acceptance by the Sponsor, the Subscriber is not entitled to cancel, terminate or revoke this Subscription Agreement or any of the powers conferred in this Subscription Agreement. Upon acceptance the Subscriber shall be deemed to be admitted as a Shareholder of the Fund and agrees to be bound by all of the terms and provisions of the Trust Agreement and to perform all of its obligations therein. The Subscriber further agrees to execute such other documentation as the Fund or the Sponsor may reasonably request in order to reflect the agreement of the undersigned set forth herein.

3.3. Regulatory Issues.

(a) No Registration of Shares. The Subscriber acknowledges and understands that (i) the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the securities laws of any state or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction, nor is registration contemplated, (ii) the Shares are being offered and sold under an exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) and Regulation D of the Securities Act, and (iii) the transactions contemplated in the Trust Agreement, this Subscription Agreement and the Offering Materials have not been reviewed by, passed on or submitted to any federal or state agency or self-regulatory organization. The Fund, and the Subscriber as a holder of Shares in the Fund, will not be afforded the full set of protections provided under the Securities Act or comparable state law.


(b) Investment Company Act Matters. The Subscriber understands and agrees that the Fund is not registered and does not intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(c) Investment Advisers Act Matters. The Subscriber understands and agrees that the Sponsor is not registered and does not intend to register as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

(d) Exchange Act Matters. The Subscriber understands that the Sponsor is not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or with the securities commission of any state or other jurisdiction as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Fund, and the Subscriber as a holder of Shares in the Fund, will not be afforded the full set of protections provided under the Exchange Act or comparable state law.

(e) Placement Agent. The Subscriber hereby acknowledges and understands that the Fund may engage a placement agent in connection with fundraising for the Fund, and that placement agent may be paid a fee, which may be based, in part, on the aggregate amount of subscriptions to the Fund, for its placement services.

3.4. Authorization; No Conflict.

(a) Authorization of Individuals. If the Subscriber is an individual:

(i) The Subscriber has all requisite legal capacity for the purchase of Shares;

(ii) The Subscriber has all requisite legal capacity for the execution and delivery of this Subscription Agreement and each other document required to be executed and delivered by the Subscriber in connection with this Subscription; and

(iii) Neither the execution, delivery or performance of this Subscription Agreement or any other document required to be executed and delivered by the Subscriber in connection with this Subscription, nor the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby by the Subscriber, (a) will violate or conflict with any law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any court or other governmental body, (b) will conflict with or result in any breach or default under, permit any party to accelerate any rights under or terminate, or result in the creation of any lien, charge or encumbrance pursuant to the provision of any material contract, indenture, mortgage, lease, franchise, license, permit authorization, instrument or agreement of any kind to which the Subscriber is a party or by which the Subscriber is bound or to which the properties or assets of the Subscriber are subject, or (c) will require the consent or approval of any person other than consents or approvals that have already been obtained.

(b) Authorization of Entities. If the Subscriber is an entity:

(i) The Subscriber is a corporation or other organization duly incorporated or organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its state of incorporation or organization and has the requisite power and authority to carry on its business and operations as now being conducted,


(ii) The execution and delivery of this Subscription Agreement and each other document required to be executed and delivered by the Subscriber in connection with its subscription for Shares, and the performance by the Subscriber under those agreements, have been duly authorized by appropriate action;

(iii) The Subscriber shall deliver to the Sponsor any evidence of the foregoing as the Sponsor may reasonably require, whether by way of certified resolution or otherwise; and

(iv) The person executing and delivering this Subscription Agreement and any other instruments on behalf of the Subscriber has all requisite power, authority and capacity to execute and deliver those instruments.

(c) Ultimate Owners.

(i) If the Subscriber is acting as trustee, agent, representative or nominee for a subscriber (each, an “Ultimate Owner”), the Subscriber understands and acknowledges that the representations, warranties and agreements made in this Subscription Agreement are made by the Subscriber both (a) with respect to the Subscriber and (b) with respect to the Ultimate Owner. The Subscriber further represents and warrants that it has all requisite power and authority from the Ultimate Owner to execute and perform the obligations under this Subscription Agreement.

(ii) Except as otherwise agreed to in writing with the Sponsor, the Subscriber agrees to indemnify the Management Parties for any and all costs, fees and expenses (including reasonable legal fees and disbursements) in connection with any damages resulting from the assertion of the Subscriber’s lack of proper authorization from the Ultimate Owner to enter into this Subscription Agreement or perform its obligations under it.

3.5. Offering Materials and Other Information.

(a) Differences with Offering Materials. The Subscriber acknowledges that in the event of any differences between the terms set forth in this Subscription Agreement, the Private Placement Memorandum and other Offering Materials provided to the Subscriber prior to signing the Signature Page, the terms and conditions of the Trust Agreement shall supersede any different, conflicting or contrary information set forth in this Subscription Agreement and/or Offering Materials. The Subscriber has had an opportunity to (i) ask questions of and receive answers from the Sponsor concerning the terms and conditions of this Subscription Agreement, the Trust Agreement, the Offering Materials and the business of the Fund and (ii) obtain any additional information concerning the offering, the Fund and any related material to the extent the Fund or the Sponsor possesses relevant information or can acquire it without unreasonable effort or expense.

(b) No Distribution. The Subscriber agrees not to copy, reproduce or deliver the Trust Agreement, the Offering Materials or this Subscription Agreement to any other person, except its professional advisers, without the written consent of the Sponsor.

(c) No Reliance. The Subscriber acknowledges that in making a decision to subscribe for Shares, the Subscriber has relied solely upon the Trust Agreement, the Offering Materials and independent investigations made by the Subscriber. The Subscriber is not relying and may not rely on any pitch deck or other marketing materials for purposes of making a decision to subscribe for Shares. The Subscriber is also not relying on the Management Parties with respect to the legal, tax and other economic factors involved in this investment and understands that it is solely responsible for reviewing the legal, tax and other economic considerations involved with an investment in the Fund with its own legal, tax and other advisers. The Subscriber has consulted to the extent deemed appropriate by the Subscriber with the Subscriber’s own advisers as to the financial, tax, legal, accounting, regulatory and related matters concerning an investment in the Fund and on that basis understands the financial, tax, legal, accounting, regulatory and related consequences of an investment in the Fund, and believes that an investment in the Fund is suitable and appropriate for the Subscriber.


(d) Subscriber’s Review. The Subscriber understands that it is solely responsible for reviewing this Subscription Agreement and, to the extent he, she or it believes necessary, for discussing with counsel the representations, warranties and agreements that the Subscriber is making in this Subscription Agreement. The Subscriber understands that Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. acts as counsel only to the Sponsor or the Fund and does not represent the Subscriber or any other person by reason of an investment in the Fund.

(e) No Guarantees. Neither the Sponsor nor anyone on its behalf has made any representations (whether written or oral) to the Subscriber (i) regarding the future performance of the Fund or (ii) that the past performance of the principals of the Fund will in any way predict the results of the Fund’s activities.

3.6. Investment Representations.

(a) No Resale. The Shares are being acquired solely for the Subscriber’s account, for investment, and are not being purchased with a view to or for resale, distribution, subdivision or fractionalization.

(b) Subscriber’s Knowledge. The Subscriber has sufficient knowledge and experience, either independently or together with his, her or its purchaser representative(s), in financial and business matters to enable the Subscriber to evaluate the merits and risks of an investment in the Fund.

3.7. Investment Risks.

(a) General Economic Risk. The Subscriber (i) is able to bear the economic cost of carrying the investment in the Fund for an indefinite period of time; (ii) has adequate means of providing for his, her or its current needs and possible personal contingencies even in the event of a complete loss of this investment; and (iii) has no need for liquidity of the Shares. The Subscriber’s investment in the Fund is consistent with the investment purposes and objectives and cash flow requirements of the Subscriber and will not adversely affect the Subscriber’s overall need for diversification and liquidity.

(b) Distributions. The Subscriber acknowledges that (i) distributions, including, without limitation, the proceeds associated with redemptions, may be paid in cash or in kind and (ii) the Sponsor may require the Subscriber to withdraw all or any portion of the Subscriber’s investment account pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Trust Agreement

(c) Other General Risks. The Subscriber acknowledges and is aware of the following: (i) the Fund has a limited financial and operating history and this is the Fund’s first venture; (ii) the speculative nature and the degree of risk involved in the Fund’s proposed investment activities, as described in the Offering Materials and this Subscription Agreement; (iii) the nature of compensation to be paid to the Sponsor; (iv) there are certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that should be considered by the Subscriber before subscribing for Shares; (v) the tax effects that may be expected by the Fund are not susceptible to precise prediction, and future legislation, future rulings of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and court decisions may have an adverse effect on one or more of the tax elections made by the Fund; and (vi) valuations for certain purposes under the Trust Agreement may be unaudited and/or estimated and the Sponsor has certain rights with respect to valuing securities.


(d) Additional Risk Disclosures. The Subscriber is solely responsible for reviewing, understanding and considering the risks above and any additional risks, including without limitation those described in the Offering Materials. The Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any one or more of those risk factors, as could the underlying value of each Shareholder’s Shares, which may lead to the complete loss of any investment Subscriber makes in the Fund.

3.8. Restrictions on Transfer and Redemption. The Subscriber acknowledges and is aware that (i) there are substantial restrictions on the transferability of the Shares; (ii) there may be no public market for the Shares; (iii) there are currently substantial restrictions on a Shareholder’s ability to redeem all or a portion of such Shareholder’s Shares in the Fund, in addition to the required consent of the Sponsor, which the Sponsor may withhold in its sole discretion, and (iv) the Trust Agreement provides for the halting of the Fund’s redemption program prior to and in connection with an intending initiation of quotation of the Fund’s shares on the OTCQX or other secondary market. The Subscriber acknowledges that the Subscriber is aware and understands that the Subscriber may have to hold the Shares herein subscribed for and bear the economic risk for this investment indefinitely, and it may not be possible for the Subscriber to liquidate its investment in the Fund.

3.9. Transfer and Storage of Personal Data.

(a) Personal Data. The Subscriber understands and agrees that in connection with the services provided to the Fund, its personal data may be transferred and/or stored in various jurisdictions in which the Fund and the Management Parties have a presence, including in or to jurisdictions that may not offer a level of personal data protection equivalent to the Subscriber’s country of residence.

(b) Disclosure of Personal Data. The Subscriber further understands and agrees that, although the Fund and the Management Parties will use their reasonable efforts to keep the information provided in the answers to this Subscription Agreement strictly confidential, the Management Parties may present this Subscription Agreement and the information provided in it, details of the Subscriber’s holdings in the Fund, historical and pending transactions in the Fund and the values of those transactions, to any parties (e.g., affiliates, attorneys, auditors, administrators, brokers and regulators) as the Management Parties deem necessary or advisable to facilitate the acceptance and management of the Subscriber’s subscriptions, including, but not limited to, (x) in connection with anti-money laundering and similar laws, (y) if called upon to establish the availability under any applicable law of an exemption from registration of the Shares or to establish compliance with applicable law generally by the Management Parties, or (z) if the information is relevant to any issue in any action, suit, or proceeding to which the Management Parties are a party or by which they are or may be bound.

(c) Disclosure by Law. The Management Parties may also release information about the Subscriber if directed to do so by the Subscriber, if compelled to do so by law or in connection with any government or self-regulatory organization request or investigation. Any disclosure, use, storage or transfer of information for these purposes shall not be treated as a breach of any restriction upon the disclosure, use, storage or transfer of information imposed on any person by law or otherwise.

3.10. Anti-Money Laundering, Economic Sanctions, Anti-Bribery and Anti-Boycott Representations.

(a) Identity of Subscriber and Beneficial Owners. Neither the Subscriber, nor any of its affiliates or direct or indirect beneficial owners, (i) appears on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List of the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), nor is any of them otherwise a party with which the Fund is prohibited to deal under


the laws of the United States or otherwise the subject or target of sanctions administered or enforced by OFAC (“Sanctions”); (ii) is a person identified as a terrorist organization on any other relevant lists maintained by governmental authorities; (iii) unless otherwise disclosed in writing to the Sponsor prior to the Subscriber’s Subscription, is a senior foreign political figure,1 or any immediate family member2 or close associate3 of a senior foreign political figure as those terms are defined in the footnotes below. The Subscriber further represents and warrants that the Subscriber: (1) has conducted thorough due diligence with respect to all of its beneficial owners, (2) has established the identities of all direct and indirect beneficial owners and the source of each beneficial owner’s funds and (3) will retain evidence of those identities, any source of funds and any due diligence.

The Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that (i) should the Subscriber or majority owner be, or become at any time during its investment in the Fund, a subject of Sanctions, the Fund may immediately and without notice to the Subscriber cease any further dealings with the Subscriber and/or the Subscriber’s Interest in the Fund until the Subscriber ceases to be a subject of Sanctions or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings, and (ii) the Fund and the Sponsor shall have no liability whatsoever for any liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and/or losses (including but not limited to any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit, loss of revenue, loss of reputation and all interest, penalties and legal costs and all other professional costs and expenses) incurred by the Subscriber in connection with the Subscriber or a majority owner becoming subject to Sanctions.

The Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that should any investment made on behalf of the Fund subsequently become subject to applicable Sanctions, the Fund may immediately and without notice to the Subscriber cease any further dealings with that investment until the applicable Sanctions are lifted or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings.

(b) Source and Use of Funds.

(i) The Subscriber further represents and warrants that the Subscriber: (1) has conducted thorough due diligence with respect to all of its beneficial owners, (2) has established the identities of all direct and indirect beneficial owners and the source of each beneficial owner’s funds and (3) will retain evidence of those identities, any source of funds and any due diligence. The Subscriber acknowledges that, pursuant to anti-money laundering laws and regulations, the Sponsor acting on behalf of the Fund may be required to collect documentation verifying the Subscriber’s identity and the source of funds used to acquire an Interest before, and from time to time after, acceptance by the Sponsor, on behalf of the Fund, of this Subscription Agreement.

 

1 

A “senior foreign political figure” is defined as a senior official in the executive, legislative, administrative, military or judicial branches of a non-U.S. government (whether elected or not), a senior official of a major non-U.S. political party, or a senior executive of a non-U.S. government-owned corporation. In addition, a “senior foreign political figure” includes any corporation, business or other entity that has been formed by, or for the benefit of, a senior foreign political figure.

2 

An “immediate family member” of a senior foreign political figure typically includes the figure’s parents, siblings, spouse, children and in-laws.

3 

A “close associate” of a senior foreign political figure is a person who is widely and publicly known to maintain an unusually close relationship with the senior foreign political figure, and includes a person who is in a position to conduct substantial U.S. and non-U.S. financial transactions on behalf of the senior foreign political figure.


(ii) The Subscriber represents, warrants and agrees that no capital commitment, contribution or payment to the Fund and no distribution to the Subscriber shall cause the Management Parties to be in violation of applicable U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. laws or regulations, including, without limitation, anti-money laundering, economic sanctions, anti-bribery or anti-boycott laws or regulations, 18 U.S.C. Sections 1956 and 1957, Sanctions or the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

(iii) The Subscriber agrees and acknowledges that, among other remedial measures, (A) in order to comply with governmental regulations and/or if the Fund determines in its sole discretion that such action is in the best interests of the Fund, the Fund may “freeze the account” of the Subscriber, either by prohibiting additional investments by the Subscriber, segregating assets of the Subscriber and/or suspending other rights the Subscriber may have under the Trust Agreement and (B) the Fund may be required to report such action or confidential information relating to the Subscriber (including without limitation, disclosing the Subscriber’s identity) to the regulatory authorities.

(iv) The Subscriber understands and agrees that the Fund may not accept any amounts from a prospective subscriber if such prospective subscriber cannot make the representations set forth in this Section 3.10. If an existing Shareholder cannot make these representations, the Fund may require the redemption of such Shareholder from the Fund.

(c) Additional Information. The Subscriber will provide to the Fund at any time such information as the Fund determines to be necessary or appropriate (i) to comply with the anti-money laundering laws, rules and regulations of any applicable jurisdiction and (ii) to respond to requests for information concerning the identity of Subscriber from any governmental authority, self-regulatory organization or financial institution in connection with the Fund’s anti-money laundering compliance procedures, or to update such information. Failure to provide such information upon request may result in the compulsory redemption of the Subscriber’s Shares.

(d) Filing of Suspicious Activity Reports. The Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that the Management Parties, in complying with anti-money laundering statutes, regulations and goals, may file voluntarily or as required by law suspicious activity reports (“SARs”) or any other information with governmental and law enforcement agencies that identify transactions and activities that the Management Parties reasonably determine to be suspicious, or is otherwise required by law. The Subscriber acknowledges that the Management Parties are prohibited by law from disclosing to third parties, including the Subscriber, any SAR filing itself or the fact that a SAR has been filed.

(e) Freezing of Investment Account. The Subscriber further understands and agrees that the Sponsor may be obligated to “freeze” the Subscriber’s investment account (e.g., by prohibiting additional subscriptions and capital contributions from the Subscriber or suspending other rights the Subscriber may have under the Trust Agreement, including restricting distributions) and the Management Parties may also be required to report any action or failure to comply with information requests and to disclose the Subscriber’s identity to governmental authorities, self-regulatory organizations and financial institutions, in certain circumstances without notifying the Subscriber that the information has been so provided. Any report and/or disclosure made under these circumstances shall not be treated as a breach of confidence or of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.

(f) Admission of Shareholders. The Subscriber understands and agrees that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Trust Agreement, any side letter or any other agreement, the Sponsor, on behalf of the Fund, may (i) not accept any subscription for Shares from a prospective Shareholder if the prospective Shareholder cannot make the representations set forth in this Section 3.10; (ii) require the redemption of an existing Shareholder pursuant to the Trust Agreement if it


cannot make the representations set forth in this Section 3.10 or fails to comply with information requests as set forth in Section 3.10(d) and/or the Trust Agreement; or (iii) take any action set forth in this Section 3.10 or any other reasonably necessary or advisable action with respect to the Shares and the Subscriber shall have no claim, and shall not pursue any claim, against the Management Parties in connection therewith.

(g) Bring Down of Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties set forth in this Section 3.10 shall be deemed repeated and reaffirmed by the Subscriber to the Fund as of each date that the Subscriber makes a capital contribution to, or receives a distribution from, the Fund, if any. If at any time during the term of the Fund, the representations and warranties set forth in this Section 3.10 cease to be true in any material respect, the Subscriber shall promptly so notify the Fund in writing.

3.11. Non-U.S. Person. If Subscriber is a non-U.S. person, it represents, warrants, and agrees that: (i) it will notify the Sponsor immediately if the Subscriber becomes a U.S. person at any time during which the Subscriber holds or owns any Shares; (ii) it is not acquiring the Shares for the account or benefit of a “U.S. person” as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act; (iii) Subscriber was physically located outside of the U.S. at the time of receipt by it of the Trust Agreement and this Subscription Agreement; and (iv) Subscriber was physically located outside of the U.S. as of the execution date of this Subscription Agreement.

4. Rule 506(d) of Regulation D.

4.1. Disqualifying Events. In the event that the Subscriber becomes subject to an event specified in Rule 506(d)(1) of the Securities Act (“Disqualifying Event”) at any date after the date of this Subscription Agreement, the Subscriber agrees and covenants to use its best efforts to coordinate with the Sponsor (i) to provide documentation as reasonably requested by the Sponsor related to any Disqualifying Event and (ii) to implement a remedy to address the Subscriber’s changed circumstances so that the changed circumstances will not affect in any way the Fund’s or the Management Parties’ ongoing and/or future reliance on an exemption under the Securities Act provided by Rule 506 of Regulation D.

4.2. Remedies. The Subscriber acknowledges that, at the discretion of the Sponsor, its remedies may include, without limitation, the waiver of all or a portion of the Subscriber’s voting power in the Fund and/or the Subscriber’s, redemption, transfer or sale of its Shares in the Fund. The Subscriber also acknowledges that the Sponsor may periodically request assurance that the Subscriber has not become subject to a Disqualifying Event at any date after the date of the Subscriber’s signature on the Signature Page, and the Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that the Sponsor shall understand and deem the failure by the Subscriber to respond in writing to any requests to be an affirmation and restatement of the representations, warranties and covenants in this Section 4.

5. Tax Information.

5.1. Waiver of Privacy. The Subscriber certifies that the Subscriber has completed and submitted any required waiver of local privacy laws that could otherwise prevent disclosure of information to a Management Party, the IRS or any other governmental authority for purposes of Chapter 3, Chapter 4 or Chapter 61 of the Code (including without limitation in connection with FATCA4) or any

 

4 

As used in this Subscription Agreement, “FATCA” means one or more of the following, as the context requires: (i) Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and any associated legislation, regulations or guidance, or similar legislation, regulations or guidance enacted in any other jurisdiction which seeks to implement equivalent tax reporting, financial or tax information sharing, and/or withholding tax regimes, (ii) any intergovernmental agreement, treaty or any other arrangement between one jurisdiction and any of the United States, the United Kingdom or any other jurisdiction (including between any government bodies in each relevant jurisdiction), entered into to facilitate, implement, comply with or supplement the legislation, regulations or guidance described in the foregoing clause (i), and (iii) any legislation, regulations or guidance implemented in a jurisdiction to give effect to the foregoing clauses (i) or (ii).


intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of FATCA (an “IGA”), and any other documentation required to establish an exemption from, or reduction in, withholding tax or to permit the Fund to comply with information reporting requirements pursuant to Chapter 3, Chapter 4 or Chapter 61 of the Code (including, without limitation, in connection with FATCA or any IGA).

5.2. Updated Tax Forms. The Subscriber further certifies that the Subscriber will, within 30 days of the Subscriber’s receipt of notice that the Subscriber is a Shareholder, provide to the Sponsor a new IRS Form W-9 or applicable IRS Form and any additional documentation required if the IRS Form previously submitted by the Subscriber is not applicable (or is not accurate) with regard to the Subscriber’s Shares in the Fund.

5.3. Subscriber Obligations. The Subscriber will (a) provide prompt written notice to the Fund, and in any event within 30 days, of any change in the Subscriber’s U.S. tax or withholding status, and (b) execute properly and provide to the Fund, within 30 days of written request by the Sponsor (or any other Management Party), any other tax documentation or information that may be reasonably required by the Sponsor (or another Management Party) in connection with the operation of the Fund to comply with applicable laws and regulations (including, but not limited to, the name, address and taxpayer identification number of any “substantial U.S. owner” (as defined in the Code) of the Subscriber or any other document or information requested by the Sponsor (or another Management Party) in connection with the Fund complying with FATCA and/or any IGA or as required to reduce or eliminate any withholding tax directly or indirectly imposed on or collected by or with respect to the Fund), and (c) execute and properly provide to the Fund, within 30 days of written request by the Sponsor (or another Management Party), any tax documentation or information that may be requested by the Sponsor (or any Management Party).

5.4. Reporting. The Subscriber further consents to the reporting of the information provided pursuant to this Section 5, in addition to certain other information, including, but not limited to, the value of the Subscriber’s Shares in the Fund and the amount of any distributions to the Subscriber, by the Fund to the IRS or any other governmental authority if the Fund is required to do so under FATCA.

5.5. Required FATCA Withholding. The Subscriber agrees to timely provide to the Fund such information (and, in the case of any non-natural Subscriber, such Subscriber will seek to obtain from its owners, beneficiaries, or account holders, and to provide to the Fund, such information) and to take such actions as may be necessary (in the reasonable discretion of the Sponsor) to eliminate or minimize the amounts required to be withheld by the Fund under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b) of the Code, or any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of such Sections of the Code (a “Required FATCA Withholding”). The Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that the Fund may withhold from any distribution to the Subscriber (or at such other times as required by applicable law) any Required FATCA Withholding (regardless of whether the Subscriber has provided the information it is required to provide in accordance with this paragraph) and that such amounts withheld shall be treated as distributed to the Subscriber as provided in the Trust Agreement. The Subscriber acknowledges and understands that the Sponsor or the Fund may be required, and is authorized, to provide any information collected pursuant to this paragraph to the IRS.


5.6. Additional Tax Representations. By executing this Subscription Agreement, the Subscriber understands and acknowledges that (i) the Sponsor (or any other Management Party) may be required to provide the identities of the Subscriber’s direct and indirect beneficial owners to a governmental entity, and (ii) the Subscriber hereby waives any provision of law and/or regulation of any jurisdiction that would, absent a waiver, prevent the Fund from compliance with the foregoing and otherwise with applicable law as described in this Section 5. Furthermore, the Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that (a) the Fund may be required by applicable law, and is authorized, to withhold or pay a tax to the IRS or other applicable tax authority, (b) any amount of tax so withheld or paid with respect to the Subscriber shall be treated as distributed to the Subscriber in accordance with the Trust Agreement, and (c) the Subscriber agrees to repay such amount to the Fund if required in accordance with the Trust Agreement.

6. Indemnification.

6.1. Indemnification. The Subscriber acknowledges that he, she or it understands the meaning and legal consequences of the representations and warranties contained in this Subscription Agreement, and except as otherwise agreed to in writing with the Sponsor, hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Management Parties, and each other person, if any, who controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with any of the foregoing within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (each, an “Indemnified Party”) from and against any and all loss, claim, damage, liability or expense whatsoever (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements) due to or arising out of or based upon (i) any inaccurate representation or warranty made by the Subscriber, or breach or failure by the Subscriber to comply with any covenant or agreement made by the Subscriber in this Subscription Agreement (including the Investor Questionnaire and the Subscriber’s tax forms) or in any other document furnished by the Subscriber to any of the foregoing in connection with this transaction, (ii) any action for securities law violations instituted by the Subscriber that is finally resolved by judgment against the Subscriber, or (iii) any action instituted by or on behalf of the Subscriber against an Indemnified Party that is finally resolved by judgment against the Subscriber or in favor of an Indemnified Party.

6.2. Third Party Beneficiaries. Each Indemnified Party is an intended third party beneficiary of this Subscription Agreement. The remedies provided in this Section 6 shall be cumulative and shall not preclude the assertion by any Indemnified Party of any other rights or the seeking of any other remedies against the Subscriber.

6.3. No Waiver. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Subscription Agreement or the Trust Agreement shall constitute a waiver by a Subscriber of any of his, her or its legal rights under applicable U.S. federal securities laws or any other laws whose applicability is not permitted to be contractually waived.

7. Instructions. The Management Parties are authorized and instructed to accept and execute any instructions in respect of the Shares to which this Subscription Agreement relates given by the Subscriber in written form or by facsimile or other form of electronic transmission (collectively, “Electronic Instructions”). If Electronic Instructions are given by the Subscriber, the Subscriber undertakes to send the original letter of instructions to the Fund and, except as otherwise agreed to in writing with the Sponsor, agrees to keep each of the Management Parties indemnified against any loss of any nature whatsoever arising to any of them as a result of any of them acting upon, or failing to act upon, Electronic Instructions. The Management Parties may rely conclusively upon and shall incur no liability in respect of (i) any action taken upon any notice, consent, request, instructions or other instrument believed in good faith to be genuine or to be signed by properly authorized persons or (ii) the non-receipt of any instructions relating to the Shares of the Subscriber delivered by facsimile or other electronic means.


8. Power of Attorney. The Subscriber, by executing this Subscription Agreement, hereby appoints the Sponsor, with full power of substitution, as the Subscriber’s true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, and agent of the Subscriber, with full power and authority to make, execute, acknowledge, verify, swear to, deliver, record and file, in the Subscriber’s name, place and stead, the Trust Agreement (thereby causing the Subscriber to be admitted as a Shareholder in the Fund), or any other agreement or instrument that the Sponsor deems appropriate to admit the Subscriber as a Shareholder of the Fund. To the maximum extent permitted by law, this power of attorney (“Power of Attorney”) is coupled with an interest, is irrevocable and will survive, and will not be affected by, the subsequent death, disability, incapacity, incompetency, termination, bankruptcy, insolvency or dissolution of the Subscriber. The Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that under the terms of the Trust Agreement, the Subscriber grants a further power of attorney to the Sponsor. The Subscriber represents and warrants that the Power of Attorney granted by the Subscriber has been executed by it in compliance with the laws of the state or jurisdiction in which this Subscription Agreement was executed and to which the Subscriber is subject.

9. Miscellaneous.

9.1. Notices and Electronic Delivery; Privacy Policy.

(a) Electronic Delivery. The Management Parties, each in its sole and absolute discretion, may provide any notices or other communications given or made to the Subscriber and deliver to the Subscriber (or the Subscriber’s designated agents) privacy statements, financial information (audited or otherwise), reports and other communications relating to any Management Party or otherwise relating to this Subscription Agreement and/or the Subscriber’s investment in the Fund (collectively, “Disclosures”) in electronic form, such as via email or posting to a password protected website.

(b) The Management Parties will send emails to the email address that the Subscriber has included on the Investor Questionnaire. If an email notification is undeliverable, delivery of the notice will be made to the Subscriber’s postal mail address of record. The Management Parties reserve the right to post communications on their respective websites without providing notice to the Subscriber, when permitted by law.

(c) The Subscriber agrees that all Disclosures provided to the Subscriber via email notification or the website will be deemed to have been good and effective delivery to the Subscriber when sent or posted, regardless of whether the Subscriber actually or timely receives or accesses the email notification.

(d) The Subscriber understands that if it has any doubts about the authenticity of an email purportedly sent by the Management Parties, the Subscriber should contact the purported sender immediately.

(e) By signing this Subscription Agreement, the Subscriber affirmatively consents to the receipt of Schedule K-1s in electronic form. The Subscriber may withdraw its consent by notifying the Administrator by email to bitwise@theoremfundservices.com. The Sponsor will provide written confirmation of its receipt of a notice of withdrawal and the effective date of the withdrawal. The effective date of the withdrawal of consent will either be the date the notice of withdrawal is received or a subsequent date that will be communicated to the Subscriber within a reasonable time after the receipt of notice of the withdrawal of consent.

(i) A withdrawal of consent does not apply to a Schedule K-1 that was furnished electronically before the date on which the withdrawal of consent takes effect.

(ii) Schedule K-1 will no longer be furnished electronically if the Subscriber provides notice that it has withdrawn consent, if the Subscriber is no longer a Shareholder or if the IRS no longer permits electronic delivery.


(iii) The Subscriber is required to provide the Fund and/or the Sponsor with any updates to the Subscriber’s email address by emailing the Sponsor. The Subscriber will be notified of any changes in the contact information for the Fund and/or the Sponsor by a notice given in accordance with the provisions of this Subscription Agreement.

(iv) Schedule K-1 may be required to be printed and attached to a Federal, state or local income tax return.

9.2. Credit Facilities. The Subscriber acknowledges that the Fund may enter into one or more revolving credit facilities with one or more syndicates of banks or incur indebtedness in lieu of or in advance of Subscriptions. In connection therewith, the Subscriber hereby agrees to cooperate with the Fund and provide such financial information and other documentation reasonably and customarily required to obtain such facilities.

9.3. Confidential Information. The Subscriber agrees that this Subscription Agreement, the Offering Materials and the Trust Agreement and all financial statements, tax reports, portfolio valuations, reviews or analyses of potential or actual investments, reports or other materials prepared or produced by the Management Parties, and all other documents and information concerning the affairs of the Fund and/or its investments (collectively, the “Confidential Information”) that the Subscriber may receive pursuant to or in accordance with this Subscription Agreement, or otherwise as a result of its ownership of Shares, constitute proprietary and confidential information about the Management Parties.

(a) The Subscriber acknowledges that the Management Parties derive independent economic value from the Confidential Information not being generally known and that the Confidential Information is the subject of reasonable efforts to maintain its secrecy.

(b) The Subscriber further acknowledges that the Confidential Information is a trade secret, the disclosure of which is likely to cause substantial and irreparable competitive harm to the Management Parties and their respective businesses.

(c) The Subscriber shall not reproduce any of the Confidential Information or portion of the Confidential Information or make the contents available to any third party other than a disclosure on a need-to-know basis to the Subscriber’s legal, accounting or investment advisers, auditors and representatives (collectively, “Advisers”) without the prior consent of the Sponsor, except to the extent compelled to do so in accordance with applicable law (in which case the Subscriber shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, promptly notify the Sponsor of the Subscriber’s obligation to disclose any Confidential Information) or with respect to Confidential Information that otherwise becomes publicly available other than through breach of this provision by the Subscriber.

(d) The Subscriber agrees to notify the Subscriber’s Advisers about their obligations in connection with Confidential Information and will further cause its Advisers to abide by the aforesaid provisions relating to Confidential Information.

9.4. Further Advice and Assurances. All information which the Subscriber has provided to the Fund is true, correct and complete in all material respects as of the date hereof, and the Subscriber agrees to notify the Fund promptly upon becoming aware that any representation, warranty or information contained in this Subscription Agreement becomes untrue in any respect at any time. The Subscriber agrees to provide such information and execute and deliver such documents with respect to itself and its direct and indirect beneficial owners as the Fund may from time to time reasonably request to verify the accuracy of the Subscriber’s representations and warranties herein, establish the identity of the Subscriber and the direct and indirect participants in its investment in the Fund, to the extent applicable, to effect any transfer and admission and/or comply with any law, rule or regulation to which the Fund may be subject, including, without limitation, compliance with anti-money laundering laws and regulations or for any other reasonable purpose.


9.5. Headings. Section and other headings contained in this Subscription Agreement are for reference only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope or intent of this Subscription Agreement.

9.6. Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; Venue and Service of Process. This Subscription Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to its conflicts of law rules, notwithstanding the place where this Subscription Agreement may be executed by any party. To the extent permissible under applicable law, the Subscriber hereby irrevocably agrees that any suit, action or proceeding (“Action”) with respect to this Subscription Agreement may, but need not, be resolved, whether by arbitration or otherwise, within the State of California. Accordingly, the parties consent and submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the federal and state courts and any applicable arbitral body located within the State of California. The Subscriber agrees and consents that service of process as provided by U.S. federal and California law may be made upon the Subscriber in any Action and may not as a result claim that any Action has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

9.7. Entire Agreement. This Subscription Agreement along with the Trust Agreement and any side letter or other similar agreement between the Subscriber and the Sponsor and/or the Fund constitute the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter of this Subscription Agreement and may be amended only in writing, executed by all parties hereto.

9.8. Severability. Each provision of this Subscription Agreement (including without limitation each representation made in the Investor Questionnaire and each provision of or grant of authority by or in the Power of Attorney) shall be considered severable. If it is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that any provision of this Subscription Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable law, then that provision shall (i) be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with applicable law; and (ii) not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provisions of this Subscription Agreement, and to this extent the provisions of this Subscription Agreement shall be severable.

9.9. Successors and Assigns; Counterpart Signatures. This Subscription Agreement (i) shall be binding upon the Subscriber and the heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns of the Subscriber and shall inure to the benefit of the Fund and its successors and assigns, (ii) shall, if the Subscriber consists of more than one person, be the joint and several obligation of each, and (iii) may be executed in counterparts, all of which when taken together, shall be deemed one original.

9.10. Survival. The representations and warranties of the Subscriber in, and the other provisions of, this Subscription Agreement shall survive the execution and delivery of this Subscription Agreement and the admission of the Subscriber as a Shareholder of the Fund.

[End of Agreement]

Exhibit 10.1

Certain identified information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and

is the type of information that the registrant treats as private or confidential. Information that

was omitted has been noted in this document with a placeholder identified by the mark “[***]”.

TRUST COMPANY CUSTODIAL SERVICES AGREEMENT

This Custodial Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made by and between each entity identified in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference, (“Client”) and Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC, with an address at 200 Park Avenue South, Suite 1208, New York, NY 10003 (“Trust Company”). This Agreement governs Client’s use of the Custodial Services (as defined herein) provided by Trust Company as a fiduciary to its clients’ assets.

1. CUSTODIAL SERVICES.

1.1. Custodial Services. Client’s “Custodial Account” is a segregated custody account controlled and secured by Trust Company to store certain supported digital currencies and utility tokens (“Digital Assets”), on Client’s behalf (the “Custodial Services”). Trust Company is a fiduciary under § 100 of the New York Banking Law and a qualified custodian for purposes of Rule 206(4)-2(d)(6) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is licensed to custody Client’s Digital Assets in trust on Client’s behalf. Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account are not treated as general assets of Trust Company. Rather, Trust Company serves as a fiduciary and custodian on Client’s behalf, and the Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account are considered fiduciary assets that remain Client’s property at all times.

1.2. Opt-in to Division 8 of the California Commercial Code. Trust Company is a “securities intermediary” as that term is defined in Division 8 of the Commercial Code of the State of California. Although it holds only Digital Assets, Client’s Custodial Account is considered a “securities account” under Division 8, and Client is the “entitlement holder” of the securities account under Division 8. Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account are treated as “financial assets” under Division 8. Trust Company is obligated by Division 8 to maintain sufficient Digital Assets to satisfy all entitlements of customers of Trust Company to the same Digital Assets. Trust Company may not grant a security interest in the Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account. Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account are custodial assets. Under Division 8, the Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account are not general assets of Trust Company and are not available to satisfy claims of creditors of Trust Company. The treatment of Digital Assets in Client’s Custodial Account as financial assets under Division 8 does not determine the characterization or treatment of the Digital Assets under any other law or rule.

1.3. Custodial Services Fees. The fees associated with the Custodial Services set forth herein shall be calculated in accordance with Schedule A (“Fee Schedule”). Trust Company reserves the right to adjust its Fee Schedule at any time, provided that Trust Company will provide Client with at least thirty (30) days’ advance notice of any changes thereto. Any changes to the Fee Schedule shall be agreed to by Client and Trust Company in writing. To the extent the parties cannot reach an agreement regarding any modifications in pricing, either party may elect to terminate the Agreement in accordance with Section 4.5 of the Agreement and discontinue the Custodial Services hereunder at no additional charge to Client.


1.4. No Investment Advice or Brokerage. Trust Company does not provide investment, tax, or legal advice, nor does Trust Company broker transactions on Client’s behalf. Client acknowledges that Trust Company has not provided any advice or guidance or made any recommendations to Client with regard to the suitability or value of any Digital Assets, and that Trust Company has no liability regarding any selection of a Digital Asset that is held by Client through Client’s Custodial Account and the Custodial Services. All deposit and withdrawal transactions are executed based on Client’s instructions and in accordance with posted deposit and withdrawal execution procedures, and Client is solely responsible for determining whether any investment, investment strategy, or related transaction involving Digital Assets is appropriate for Client based on Client’s personal investment objectives, financial circumstances, and risk tolerance. Client should consult its legal or tax professional regarding Client’s specific situation.

1.5. Acknowledgement of Risks. Client acknowledges that Digital Assets are not covered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.

2. CREATING A CUSTODIAL ACCOUNT.

2.1. Registration of Custodial Account. The Custodial Services are provided through https://custody.coinbase.com/ or any associated websites or application programming interfaces (“APIs”) (collectively, the “Trust Company Site”). To use the Custodial Services, Client must create a Custodial Account by providing Trust Company with all information requested. Trust Company may, in its sole discretion, refuse to allow Client to establish a Custodial Account, or limit the number of Custodial Accounts.

3. CUSTODIAL ACCOUNT.

3.1. In General. The Custodial Services allow Client to deposit supported Digital Assets from a public blockchain address Client controls to Client’s Custodial Account, and to withdraw supported Digital Assets from Client’s Custodial Account to a public blockchain address Client controls, in each case, pursuant to instructions Client provides through the Trust Company Site (each such transaction is a “Custody Transaction”). The Digital Assets stored in Client’s Custodial Account are not commingled with other Digital Assets and are custodied pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and any addenda thereto. Trust Company reserves the right to refuse to process or to cancel any pending Custody Transaction as required by law or in response to a subpoena, court order, or other binding government order or to enforce transaction, threshold, and condition limits or if Trust Company reasonably believes that the Custody Transaction may violate or facilitate the violation of an applicable law, regulation or applicable rule of a governmental authority or self-regulatory organization. Trust Company cannot reverse a Custody Transaction which has been broadcast to a Digital Asset network.

3.2. Instructions. Trust Company may act upon instructions (“Instructions”) from Client (if Client is a natural person) or Client’s authorized representatives (or otherwise given on Client’s behalf) in such manner as may be agreed by Trust Company and received by Trust Company, in its absolute discretion, provided that when taking action upon Instructions Trust Company shall act in a reasonable and proper manner, and provided further that (i) Instructions shall continue in full force and effect until cancelled or superseded (except in respect of Instructions executed by Trust Company, which can no longer be cancelled), (ii) if any Instructions are illegible, unclear or ambiguous, Trust Company shall refuse to execute such Instructions until any ambiguity or conflict has been resolved to its satisfaction, (iii) Trust Company may further refuse to execute Instructions if in Trust Company’s opinion such


Instructions are outside the scope of its duties under this Agreement or are contrary to any applicable law, rule or other regulatory requirement (whether arising from any governmental authority or self-regulatory organization), and (iv) Trust Company may rely in the performance of its duties under this Agreement and without liability on its part, upon any Instructions believed by it in good faith to be given by Client’s authorized representatives (or otherwise to have been given on Client’s behalf) and upon any notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to be signed or furnished by the proper party or parties thereto, including (without limitation) Client or any of Client’s authorized representatives. Client is responsible for losses resulting from inaccurate Instructions (e.g., if Client provides the wrong destination address to Trust Company for executing a withdrawal transaction). Trust Company is responsible for losses resulting from its errors in executing a transaction (e.g., if Client provides the correct destination address for executing a withdrawal transaction, but Trust Company erroneously sends Client’s Digital Assets to another destination address).

3.3. Digital Asset Deposits and Withdrawals. Trust Company processes supported Digital Asset deposits and withdrawals according to the instructions received from its users, and Trust Company does not guarantee the identity of any user, receiver, requestee, or other party. Client should verify all transaction information prior to submitting instructions to Trust Company. Client should manage and keep secure any and all information or devices associated with deposit and withdrawal verification procedures, including YubiKeys and passphrases or other security or confirmation information. Trust Company reserves the right to charge network fees (miner fees) to process a Digital Asset transaction on Client’s behalf. Trust Company will calculate the network fee, if any, in its discretion, although Trust Company will always notify Client of the network fee at or before the time Client authorizes the transaction. Trust Company reserves the right to delay any Custody Transaction if it perceives a risk of fraud or illegal activity.

3.4. Digital Asset Storage and Transmission Delays. Trust Company requires the following between any request to withdraw Digital Assets from Client’s Custodial Account and submission of Client’s withdrawal to the applicable Digital Asset network (the “SLA”): (i) up to [***] hours during the Trust Company business hours set forth in Exhibit B (the “Trust Company Business Hours”), and (ii) up to [***] hours if the withdrawal takes place outside of Trust Company Business Hours. Trust Company reserves the right to modify the SLA provided hereunder upon prior written notice to Client. Since Trust Company securely stores all Digital Asset private keys held by Trust Company in offline storage, it may be necessary for Trust Company to retrieve certain information from offline storage in order to facilitate a Custody Transaction in accordance with Client’s instructions, which may delay the initiation or crediting of such Custody Transaction. Client acknowledges and agrees that a Custody Transaction facilitated by Trust Company may be delayed and that Digital Assets shall not be deposited or withdrawn upon less than forty-eight (48) hours’ notice to Trust Company. Such notice shall be initiated from Client’s Custodial Account.    The time of such request shall be considered the time of transmission of such notice from Client’s Custodial Account. Trust Company makes no other representations or warranties with respect to the availability and/or accessibility of the Digital Assets or the availability and/or accessibility of the Custodial Account or Custodial Services.


Trust Company will make reasonable efforts to ensure that Client initiated deposits are processed in a timely manner but Trust Company makes no representations or warranties regarding the amount of time needed to complete processing which is dependent upon many factors outside of Trust Company’s control.

3.5. Supported Digital Asset. The Custodial Services are available only in connection with those Digital Assets that Trust Company, in its sole discretion, decides to support. The Digital Assets that Trust Company supports may change from time to time. Prior to initiating a deposit of Digital Asset to Trust Company, Client must confirm that Trust Company offers Custodial Services for that specific Digital Asset. By initiating a deposit of Digital Asset to a Custodial Account, Client attests that Client has confirmed that the Digital Asset being transferred is a supported Digital Asset offered by Trust Company.    Under no circumstances should Client attempt to use the Custodial Services to deposit or store Digital Assets in any forms that are not supported by Trust Company. Depositing or attempting to deposit Digital Assets that are not supported by Trust Company will result in such Digital Asset being unretrievable by Client and Trust Company. Trust Company assumes no obligation or liability whatsoever regarding any unsupported Digital Asset sent or attempted to be sent to it, or regarding any attempt to use the Custodial Services for Digital Assets that Trust Company does not support. To confirm which Digital Assets are supported by Trust Company, Client should login at https://custody.coinbase.com and carefully review the list of supported Digital Assets. Trust Company recommends that Client deposit a small amount of supported Digital Asset as a test prior to initiating a deposit of a significant amount of supported Digital Asset. Trust Company may from time to time determine types of Digital Asset that will be supported or cease to be supported by the Custodial Services. Trust Company shall provide Client with thirty (30) days’ written notice before ceasing to support a Digital Asset, unless Trust Company is required to cease such support by court order, statute, law, rule (including a self-regulatory organization rule), regulation, code, or other similar requirement.

3.6. Advanced Protocols. Unless specifically announced on the Trust Company website or through some other official public statement of Trust Company, Trust Company does not support metacoins, colored coins, side chains, or other derivative, enhanced, or forked protocols, tokens, or coins which supplement or interact with a Digital Asset supported by Trust Company (collectively, “Advanced Protocols”). Client shall not use its Custodial Account to attempt to receive, request, send, store, or engage in any other type of transaction involving an Advanced Protocol. The Trust Company platform is not configured to detect and/or secure Advanced Protocol transactions, and Trust Company assumes absolutely no responsibility whatsoever in respect to Advanced Protocols.

3.7. Operation of Digital Asset Protocols. Trust Company does not own or control the underlying software protocols which govern the operation of Digital Assets supported on the Trust Company platform. In general, the underlying protocols are open source and anyone can use, copy, modify, and distribute them. By using the Custodial Services, Client acknowledges and agrees (i) that Trust Company is not responsible for operation of the underlying protocols and that Trust Company makes no guarantee of their functionality, security, or availability; and (ii) that the underlying protocols are subject to sudden changes in operating rules (a/k/a “forks”), and that such forks may materially affect the value, function, and/or even the name of the Digital Asset Client stores in Client’s Custodial Account. In the event of a fork, Client agrees that Trust Company may temporarily suspend Trust Company operations (with or without advance notice to Client) and that Trust Company may, in its sole discretion, decide whether or not to support (or cease supporting) either branch of the forked protocol entirely. Client acknowledges and agrees that Trust Company assumes absolutely no responsibility whatsoever in respect of an unsupported branch of a forked protocol.


3.8. Use of the Custodial Services. Client acknowledges and agrees that Trust Company may monitor use of the Custodial Account and the Custodial Services and the resulting information may be utilized, reviewed, retained and or disclosed by Trust Company for its internal purposes or in accordance with the rules of any applicable legal, regulatory or self-regulatory organization or as otherwise may be required to comply with relevant law, sanctions programs, legal process or government request.

3.9. Privacy. Client acknowledges that Client has read the Trust Company Privacy Policy, available at https://custody.coinbase.com/, and that Client agrees to the sharing of Client’s information as described therein.

3.10. Security. Trust Company has implemented and will maintain a reasonable information security program that includes policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to safeguard Trust Company’s electronic systems and Client’s Confidential Information from, among other things, unauthorized access or misuse. In the event of a Data Security Incident (defined below), Trust Company shall promptly notify Client and such notice shall include the following information: (i) the timing and nature of the Data Security Incident, (ii) the information related to Client that was compromised, including the names of any individuals’ acting on Client’s behalf in his or her corporate capacity whose personal information was compromised, (iii) when the Data Security Incident was discovered, and (iv) remedial actions that have been taken and that Trust Company plans to take. “Data Security Incident” is defined as any incident whereby (a) an unauthorized person (whether within Trust Company or a third party) acquired or accessed Client’s information, or (b) Client’s information is otherwise lost, stolen or compromised.

3.11. Confidentiality. The parties agree that the recipient of any non-public, confidential or proprietary information of the other party including without limitation the existence and terms of this Agreement and information relating to the other party’s business operations or business relationships or pursuant to this Agreement, including without limitation the pricing schedule (“Confidential Information”) will not disclose such Confidential Information to any third party except to such party’s officers, directors, agents, employees, consultants, contractors and professional advisors who needs to know the Confidential Information for the purpose of assisting in the performance of the Agreement and who are informed of, and agree to be bound by obligations of confidentiality no less restrictive than those set forth herein, and will protect such Confidential Information from unauthorized use and disclosure.    Each party shall use any Confidential Information that it receives pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement solely for performance of this Agreement, and no other purpose. Confidential Information shall not include any (i) information that is or becomes generally publicly available through no fault of the recipient, (ii) information that the recipient obtains from a third party (other than in connection with this Agreement) that, to recipient’s best knowledge, is not bound by a confidentiality agreement prohibiting such disclosure; (iii) information that is independently developed or acquired by the recipient without the use of Confidential Information provided by the disclosing party; (iv) disclosure with the prior written consent of the disclosing party; or (v) disclosures which are required by applicable law or regulation.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, each party may disclose Confidential Information of the other party to the extent required by a court of competent jurisdiction or governmental authority or otherwise required by law; provided, however, the party making such required disclosure shall first notify the other party (to the extent legally permissible) and shall afford the other party a reasonable opportunity to seek confidential treatment if it wishes to do so.    For the purposes of this Agreement, no affiliate of Trust Company shall be considered a third party; provided that Trust Company causes such entity to undertake the obligations in this section. All documents and other tangible objects containing or representing Confidential Information and all copies or extracts thereof or notes derived therefrom that are in the possession or control of recipient shall be and remain the property of the disclosing party and shall be promptly returned to the disclosing party or destroyed, each upon the disclosing party’s request; provided, however, notwithstanding the foregoing, the recipient may retain one (1) copy of Confidential Information if (a) required by law or regulation, or (b) retained pursuant to a bona fide and consistently applied document retention policy; provided, further, that in either case, any Confidential Information so retained shall remain subject to the confidentiality obligations of this Agreement.

3.12. Account Statements. Trust Company will provide Client with an electronic account statement: (1) every calendar quarter, at a minimum; or (2) for any month in which Client deposited or withdrew Digital Assets. Each account statement will identify the amount of each Digital Asset in Client’s Custodial Account at the end of the period and set forth all transactions in Client’s account during that period. Trust Company will send a notice to the email of record given to Trust Company when a new account statement is made available.

3.13. Independent Verification. If Client is subject to Rule 206(4)-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Trust Company shall, upon written request, provide Client authorized independent public accountant confirmation of or access to information sufficient to confirm (i) Client’s Digital Assets as of the date of an examination conducted pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2(a)(4), and (ii) Client’s Digital Assets are held either in a separate account under Client’s name or in accounts under Client’s name as agent or trustee for Client’s clients.

3.14. Third-Party Payments. The Custodial Services are not intended to facilitate third-party payments of any kind. As such, Trust Company has no control over, or liability for, the delivery, quality, safety, legality or any other aspect of any goods or services that Client may purchase or sell to or from a third party (including other users of Custodial Services) involving Digital Assets that Client intends to store, or have stored, in Client’s Custodial Account.

4. GENERAL USE, PROHIBITED USE, AND TERMINATION.

4.1. Trust Company Site and Content. Trust Company hereby grants Client a limited, nonexclusive, nontransferable, revocable, royalty-free license, subject to the terms of this Agreement, to access and use the Trust Company Site and related content, materials, information (collectively, the “Content”) solely for approved purposes as permitted by Trust Company from time to time. Any other use of the Trust Company Site or Content is expressly prohibited and all other right, title, and interest in the Trust Company Site or Content is exclusively the property of Trust Company and its licensors. Client shall not copy, transmit, distribute, sell, license, reverse engineer, modify, publish, or participate in the transfer or sale of, create derivative works from, or in any other way exploit any of the Content, in whole or in part. “custody.coinbase.com,” “Coinbase,” “Coinbase Custody,” “Trust Company” and all logos related to the Custodial Services or displayed on the Trust Company Site are either trademarks or registered marks of Trust Company or its licensors. Client may not copy, imitate or use them without Trust Company’s prior written consent.


4.2. Website Accuracy. Although Trust Company intends to provide accurate and timely information on the Trust Company Site, the Trust Company Site (including, without limitation, the Content) may not always be entirely accurate, complete, or current and may also include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. In an effort to continue to provide Client with as complete and accurate information as possible, information may be changed or updated from time to time without notice, including without limitation information regarding Trust Company policies, products and services. Accordingly, Client should verify all information before relying on it, and all decisions based on information contained on the Trust Company Site are Client’s sole responsibility and Trust Company shall have no liability for such decisions. Links to third-party materials (including without limitation websites) may be provided as a convenience but are not controlled by Trust Company. Trust Company is not responsible for any aspect of the information, content, or services contained in any third-party materials or on any third-party sites accessible from or linked to the Trust Company Site.

4.3. Third-Party or Non-Permissioned Use. Except for fund administrators, Client shall not grant permission to a third party or non-permissioned user to access or connect to Client’s Custodial Account, either through the third party’s product or service or through the Trust Company Site. Client acknowledges that granting permission to a third party or non-permissioned user to take specific actions on Client’s behalf does not relieve Client of any of Client’s responsibilities under this Agreement and may violate the terms of this Agreement. Client is fully responsible for all acts or omissions of any third party or non-permissioned user with access to Client’s Custodial Account. Further, Client acknowledges and agrees that Client will not hold Trust Company responsible for, and will indemnify Trust Company from, any liability arising out of or related to any act or omission of any third party or non-permissioned user with access to Client’s Custodial Account. Client must notify Trust Company immediately if a third party or non-permissioned user accesses or connects to Client’s Custodial Account by contacting Client’s Custodial Account representative or by emailing custody@coinbase.com from the email address associated with Client’s Custodial Account.

4.4. Prohibited Use. Client represents and warrants that Client will not use the Custodial Services or Custodial Account for any illegal activity, including without limitation illegal gambling, money laundering, fraud, blackmail, extortion, ransoming data, the financing of terrorism, other violent activities or any prohibited market practices, including without limitation activities and business set forth on the Trust Company website, available at https://custody.coinbase.com/.

4.5. Termination for Convenience. Either party may terminate this Agreement upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to the other party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Client may cancel Client’s Custodial Account at any time by withdrawing all balances and contacting Trust Company at custody@coinbase.com. Client will not be charged for canceling Client’s Custodial Account, although Client will be required to pay any outstanding amounts owed to Trust Company. Client authorizes Trust Company to cancel or suspend any pending deposits or withdrawals at the time of cancellation.


4.6. Suspension, Termination, and Cancellation. Trust Company may: (a) suspend or restrict Client’s access to the Custodial Services, and/or (c) deactivate, terminate or cancel Client’s Custodial Account if:

 

   

Trust Company is so required by a facially valid subpoena, court order, or binding order of a government authority;

 

   

Trust Company reasonably suspects Client of using Client’s Custodial Account in connection with a Prohibited Use or Prohibited Business, as set forth on the Trust Company website;

 

   

Trust Company perceives a heightened risk of legal or regulatory non-compliance associated with Client’s Custodial Account activity;

 

   

Trust Company service partners are unable to support Client’s use;

 

   

Client takes any action that Trust Company deems as circumventing Trust Company’s controls, including, but not limited to, opening multiple Custodial Accounts, abusing promotions which Trust Company may offer from time to time, or otherwise making a misrepresentation of Client’s Custodial Account; or

 

   

Client breaches or violates the terms of this Agreement.

If Trust Company suspends or closes Client’s Custodial Account, or terminates Client’s use of the Custodial Services for any reason, Trust Company will provide Client with notice of Trust Company’s actions unless a court order or other legal or regulatory process prohibits Trust Company from providing Client with such notice. Client acknowledges that Trust Company’s decision to take certain actions, including limiting access to, suspending, or closing Client’s Custodial Account, may be based on confidential criteria that are essential to Trust Company’s risk management and security protocols. Client agrees that Trust Company is under no obligation to disclose the details of its risk management and security procedures to Client.

Client will be permitted to withdraw Digital Assets associated with Client’s Custodial Account for ninety (90) days after Custodial Account deactivation or cancellation unless such withdrawal is otherwise prohibited (i) under the law, including but not limited to applicable sanctions programs, or (ii) by a facially valid subpoena, court order, or binding order of a government authority.

4.7. Relationship of the Parties. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed or is intended to be deemed, nor shall it cause, Client and Trust Company to be treated as partners, joint ventures, or otherwise as joint associates for profit, or either Client or Trust Company to be treated as the agent of the other.

4.8. Password Security; Contact Information. Client is responsible for maintaining adequate security and control of any and all IDs, passwords, hints, personal identification numbers (PINs), API keys, YubiKeys, other security or confirmation information or hardware, or any other codes that Client uses to access the Custodial Services. Any loss or compromise of the foregoing information and/or Client’s personal information may result in unauthorized access to Client’s Custodial Account by third-parties and the loss or theft of any Digital Assets held in Client’s Custodial Account. Client is responsible for keeping Client’s email address and telephone number up to date in Client’s Custodial Account profile in order to receive any notices or alerts that Trust Company may send Client. Trust Company assumes no responsibility for any loss that Client may sustain due to compromise of Custodial Account login credentials due to no fault of Trust Company and/or failure to follow or act on any notices or alerts that Trust Company may send to Client. In the event Client believes Client’s Custodial Account information has been compromised, Client must contact Trust Company Support immediately at custody@coinbase.com.


4.9. Taxes. It is Client’s sole responsibility to determine whether, and to what extent, any taxes apply to any deposits or withdrawals Client conducts through the Custodial Services, and to withhold, collect, report and remit the correct amounts of taxes to the appropriate tax authorities. Client’s deposit and withdrawal history is available by accessing Client’s Custodial Account through the Trust Company Site or by contacting Client’s account representative.

4.10. Additional Matters. Client acknowledges and agrees that the Custodial Services may be provided from time to time by, through or with the assistance of affiliates of or vendors to Trust Company. Client shall receive notice of any material change in the entities that provide the Custodial Services. Unless Client terminates this Agreement as permitted herein, any new agreements or amended terms and conditions, associated with such change shall be governed by Sections 8.2 and 8.3 herein.

4.11. Death of Account Holder. To the extent Client is a natural person, if Trust Company receives legal documentation confirming Client’s death or other information leading Trust Company to believe Client is deceased, Trust Company will freeze Client’s Custodial Account (“Freeze Period”). During the Freeze Period, no transactions may be completed until: (i) Client’s designated fiduciary has opened a new Custodial Account, as further described below, and the entirety of Client’s Custodial Account has been transferred to such new Custodial Account, or (ii) Client has received proof in a form satisfactory to Trust Company that Client is not deceased. If Trust Company has reason to believe Client is deceased but Trust Company does not have proof of Client’s death in a form satisfactory to Trust Company, Client authorizes Trust Company to make inquiries, whether directly or through third parties, that Trust Company considers necessary to ascertain whether Client is deceased. Upon receipt by Trust Company of proof satisfactory to Trust Company that Client is deceased, the fiduciary Client designated in a valid Will or similar testamentary document will be required to open a new Custodial Account. If Client has not designated a fiduciary, then Trust Company reserves the right to (i) treat as Client’s fiduciary any person entitled to inherit Client’s Custodial Account, as determined by Trust Company upon receipt and review of the documentation Trust Company, in its sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or appropriate, including (but not limited to) a Will, a living trust or a Small Estate Affidavit, or (ii) require an order designating a fiduciary from a court having competent jurisdiction over Client’s estate. In the event Trust Company determine, in its sole and absolute discretion, that there is uncertainty regarding the validity of the fiduciary designation, Trust Company reserves the right to require an order resolving such issue from a court of competent jurisdiction before taking any action relating to Client’s Custodial Account. Pursuant to the above, the opening of a new Custodial Account by a designated fiduciary is mandatory following the death of Client, and Client hereby agrees that his/her fiduciary shall be required to open a new Custodial Account and provide the information required under Section 2 of this Agreement in order to gain access to the contents of Client’s Custodial Account.


5. TRUST COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION.

5.1. Contact Trust Company; Complaints. If Client has any feedback, questions, or complaints, Client may contact Trust Company Customer Support, located at 200 Park Avenue South, Suite 1208, New York, NY 10003, via email at custody@coinbase.com or by telephone to Trust Company at +1 (646) 760-6195.

If Client is a customer of Trust Company in the United States, Client may also direct a complaint to the attention of: New York State Department of Financial Services, One State Street, New York, NY 10004-1511; +1 (212) 480-6400. Please visit www.dfs.ny.gov for additional information.

5.2. Arbitration. THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS:

 

   

ALL PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT ARE GIVING UP THE RIGHT TO SUE EACH OTHER IN COURT, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY THE RULES OF THE ARBITRATION FORUM IN WHICH A CLAIM IS FILED.

 

   

ARBITRATION AWARDS ARE GENERALLY FINAL AND BINDING; A PARTY’S ABILITY TO HAVE A COURT REVERSE OR MODIFY AN ARBITRATION AWARD IS VERY LIMITED.

 

   

THE ABILITY OF THE PARTIES TO OBTAIN DOCUMENTS, WITNESS STATEMENTS AND OTHER DISCOVERY IS GENERALLY MORE LIMITED IN ARBITRATION THAN IN COURT PROCEEDINGS.

 

   

THE ARBITRATORS DO NOT HAVE TO EXPLAIN THE REASON(S) FOR THEIR AWARD UNLESS, IN AN ELIGIBLE CASE, A JOINT REQUEST FOR AN EXPLAINED DECISION HAS BEEN SUBMITTED BY ALL PARTIES TO THE PANEL AT LEAST TWENTY (20) DAYS PRIOR TO THE FIRST SCHEDULED HEARING DATE.

 

   

THE PANEL OF ARBITRATORS MAY INCLUDE A MINORITY OF ARBITRATORS WHO WERE OR ARE AFFILIATED WITH THE SECURITIES INDUSTRY.

 

   

THE RULES OF SOME ARBITRATION FORUMS MAY IMPOSE TIME LIMITS FOR BRINGING A CLAIM IN ARBITRATION. IN SOME CASES, A CLAIM THAT IS INELIGIBLE FOR ARBITRATION MAY BE BROUGHT IN COURT.

 

   

THE RULES OF THE ARBITRATION FORUM IN WHICH THE CLAIM IS FILED, AND ANY AMENDMENTS THERETO, SHALL BE INCORPORATED INTO THIS AGREEMENT.

THE PARTIES AGREE THAT ALL CONTROVERSIES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE USE OF THE CUSTODIAL SERVICES, WHETHER ARISING PRIOR, ON, OR SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF, SHALL BE ARBITRATED. ANY ARBITRATION UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO THE FEDERAL ARBITRATION ACT AND THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CODE OF ARBITRATION OF FINRA. ANY CONTROVERSY BETWEEN THE PARTIES SHALL BE BEFORE THE NEW YORK OFFICE OF FINRA. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THE AWARD OF THE ARBITRATORS, OR OF THE MAJORITY OF THEM, SHALL BE FINAL, AND JUDGMENT UPON THE AWARD RENDERED MAY BE ENTERED AND ENFORCED IN ANY COURT, STATE OR FEDERAL, HAVING JURISDICTION.


IF ANY CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER THIS AGREEMENT ARE NOT PERMITTED TO BE BROUGHT BEFORE FINRA, THE PARTIES AGREE THAT SUCH CONTROVERSIES SHALL BE ARBITRATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION’S RULES FOR ARBITRATION OF COMMERCIAL RELATED DISPUTES (ACCESSIBLE AT HTTPS://WWW.ADR.ORG/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/COMMERCIAL%20RULES.PDF), AND THAT SUCH CONTROVERSIES ARE OTHERWISE SUBJECT TO SECTION 5.2 OF THIS AGREEMENT.

6. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

6.1. Client’s Representations and Warranties. In addition to the obligations arising under this Agreement and as a condition of and in consideration of Client accessing the Custodial Services, Client represents and warrants the following:

 

  (i)

Client operates in full compliance with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations in each jurisdiction in which Client operates, including U.S. securities laws and regulations, as well as any applicable state and federal laws, including, but not limited to, U.S. efforts to fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, and USA PATRIOT Act and Bank Secrecy Act requirements. Client further understands that any fines or penalties imposed on Trust Company as a result of a violation by Client of any applicable securities regulation or law may, at Trust Company’s discretion, be passed on to Client and Client acknowledges and represents that Client will be responsible for payment to Trust Company of such fines;

 

  (ii)

Client is currently in good standing with all relevant government agencies, departments, regulatory or supervisory bodies in all relevant jurisdictions in which Client does business, including but not limited to FINRA, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, SIPC, the National Futures Association, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission, and Client will immediately notify Trust Company if Client ceases to be in good standing with any regulatory authority;

 

  (iii)

Client will promptly provide such information as Trust Company may reasonably request from time to time regarding (a) Client’s policies, procedures, and activities which relate to the Custodial Services in any manner, as determined by Trust Company in its sole and absolute discretion, and (b) any transaction which involves the use of the Custodial Services, to the extent reasonably necessary to comply with applicable law, or the guidance or direction of, or request from, any regulatory authority or financial institution, provided that such information may be redacted to remove confidential commercial information not relevant to the requirements of this Agreement;

 

  (iv)

Client will not deposit to a Custodial Account any Digital Asset that is not supported by the Custodial Services;

 

  (v)

Client either owns or possesses lawful authorization to transact with all Digital Assets involved in the Custody Transactions;

 

  (vi)

Client will not make any public statement, including any press release, media release, or blog post which mentions or refers to Trust Company or a partnership between Client and Trust Company, without the prior written consent of Trust Company;

 

  (vii)

Client will not create or use more than one Custodial Account;

 

  (viii)

Client has the full capacity and authority to enter into and be bound by this Agreement and the person executing or otherwise accepting this Agreement for Client has full legal capacity and authorization to do so; and


  (ix)

All information provided by Client to Trust Company in the course of negotiating this Agreement and the onboarding of Client as Trust Company’s customer and user of the Custodial Services is complete, true, and accurate in all material respects, and no material information has been excluded.

6.2. Trust Company Representations and Warranties. Trust Company represents and warrants the following:

 

  (i)

Trust Company will safekeep the Digital Assets and segregate all Digital Assets from both the (a) property of Trust Company, and (b) assets of other customers of Trust Company;

 

  (ii)

Trust Company will not, directly or indirectly, lend, pledge, hypothecate or re-hypothecate any Digital Assets;

 

  (iii)

Trust Company will maintain adequate capital and reserves to the extent required by applicable law;

 

  (iv)

Trust Company possess, and will maintain, all licenses, registrations, authorizations and approvals required by any governmental agency, regulatory authority or other party necessary for it to operate its business and engage in the business relating to its provision of the Custodial Services; and

 

  (v)

Trust Company has the full capacity and authority to enter into and be bound by this Agreement and the person executing or otherwise accepting this Agreement for Trust Company has full legal capacity and authorization to do so.

7. DISCLAIMERS; INDEMNIFICATION; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

7.1. Computer Viruses. Trust Company shall not bear any liability, whatsoever, for any damage or interruptions caused by any computer viruses, spyware, scareware, Trojan horses, worms or other malware that may affect Client’s computer or other equipment, or any phishing, spoofing or other attack, unless such damage or interruption directly resulted from Trust Company’s gross negligence, fraud, or willful misconduct. Trust Company advises the regular use of a reputable and readily available virus screening and prevention software. Client should also be aware that SMS and email services are vulnerable to spoofing and phishing attacks and should use care in reviewing messages purporting to originate from Trust Company. Client should always log into Client’s Custodial Account through the Trust Company Site to review any deposits or withdrawals or required actions if Client has any uncertainty regarding the authenticity of any communication or notice.

7.2. Release. If Client has a dispute with a third party that is connected with Trust Company or the Custodial Services in any way, Client releases Trust Company, its affiliates and service providers, and each of their respective officers, directors, agents, joint venturers, employees and representatives from any and all claims, demands and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, whether past, present, or future, actual or contingent, arising out of or in any way connected with such disputes, unless such claim directly results from the gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct or Trust Company.


7.3. Indemnification. Client agrees to indemnify and hold Trust Company, its affiliates and service providers, and each of its or their respective officers, directors, agents, joint venturers, employees and representatives, harmless from any claim or demand (including attorneys’ fees and any fines, fees or penalties imposed by any regulatory authority) arising out of or related to Client’s breach of this Agreement, inaccuracy in any of Client’s representations or warranties in this Agreement, or Client’s violation of any law, rule or regulation, or the rights of any third party, except where such claim directly results from the gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of Trust Company.

7.4. Limitation of Liability; No Warranty. IN NO EVENT SHALL TRUST COMPANY, ITS AFFILIATES AND SERVICE PROVIDERS, OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AGENTS, JOINT VENTURERS, EMPLOYEES OR REPRESENTATIVES, BE LIABLE (A) FOR ANY AMOUNT GREATER THAN THE VALUE OF THE SUPPORTED DIGITAL ASSETS ON DEPOSIT IN CLIENT’S TRUST COMPANY CUSTODIAL ACCOUNT OR (B) FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, INTANGIBLE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH AUTHORIZED OR UNAUTHORIZED USE OF THE TRUST COMPANY SITE OR THE TRUST COMPANY CUSTODIAL SERVICES, OR THIS AGREEMENT, EVEN IF AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF TRUST COMPANY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF OR KNEW OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS MEANS, BY WAY OF EXAMPLE ONLY (AND WITHOUT LIMITING THE SCOPE OF THE PRECEDING SENTENCE), THAT IF CLIENT CLAIMS THAT TRUST COMPANY FAILED TO PROCESS A DEPOSIT OR WITHDRAWAL PROPERLY, CLIENT’S DAMAGES ARE LIMITED TO NO MORE THAN THE VALUE OF THE SUPPORTED DIGITAL ASSETS AT ISSUE IN THE DEPOSIT OR WITHDRAWAL, AND THAT CLIENT MAY NOT RECOVER FOR LOST PROFITS, LOST BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, OR OTHER TYPES OF SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, INTANGIBLE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE VALUE OF THE SUPPORTED DIGITAL ASSETS AT ISSUE IN THE DEPOSIT OR WITHDRAWAL. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO CLIENT.

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE TRUST COMPANY CUSTODIAL SERVICES ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, TRUST COMPANY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND/OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. TRUST COMPANY DOES NOT MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES THAT ACCESS TO THE SITE, ANY PART OF THE TRUST COMPANY CUSTODIAL SERVICES, OR ANY OF THE MATERIALS CONTAINED THEREIN, WILL BE CONTINUOUS, UNINTERRUPTED, OR TIMELY; BE COMPATIBLE OR WORK WITH ANY SOFTWARE, SYSTEM OR OTHER SERVICES; OR BE SECURE, COMPLETE, FREE OF HARMFUL CODE, OR ERROR-FREE.

8. MISCELLANEOUS.

8.1. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, any addendum or attachments thereto, the Trust Company Privacy Policy, and all disclosures, notices or policies available on the Trust Company website, comprise the entire understanding and agreement between Client and Trust Company as to the Custodial Services, and supersedes any and all prior discussions, agreements and understandings of any kind (including without limitation any prior versions of this Agreement), and every nature between and among Client and Trust Company. Section headings in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not govern the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.


8.2. Amendments. Any modification or addition to this Agreement must be in a writing signed by a duly authorized representative of each of party. Client agrees that Trust Company shall not be liable to Client or any third party for any modification or termination of the Custodial Services, or suspension or termination of Client’s access to the Custodial Services, except to the extent otherwise expressly set forth herein.

8.3. Assignment. Client may not assign any rights and/or licenses granted under this Agreement without the prior written consent of Trust Company. Trust Company reserves the right to assign its rights without restriction except notice to Client, including without limitation to any Trust Company affiliates or subsidiaries, or to any successor in interest of any business associated with the Custodial Services. Any attempted transfer or assignment in violation hereof shall be null and void. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement will bind and inure to the benefit of the parties, their successors and permitted assigns.

8.4. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be determined to be invalid or unenforceable under any rule, law, or regulation or any governmental agency (local, state, or federal), such provision will be changed and interpreted to accomplish the objectives of the provision to the greatest extent possible under any applicable law and the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement shall not be affected.

8.5. Survival. All provisions of this Agreement which by their nature extend beyond the expiration or termination of this Agreement, including, without limitation, sections pertaining to suspension or termination, Custodial Account cancellation, debts owed to Trust Company, general use of the Trust Company Site, disputes with Trust Company, and general provisions, shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement.

8.6. Governing Law. Client agrees that the laws of the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflict of laws, will govern this Agreement and any claim or dispute that has arisen or may arise between Client and Trust Company, except to the extent governed by federal law.

8.7. Force Majeure. Trust Company shall not be liable for delays, suspension of operations, whether temporary or permanent, failure in performance, or interruption of service which result directly or indirectly from any cause or condition beyond the reasonable control of Trust Company, including but not limited to, any delay or failure due to any act of God, natural disasters, act of civil or military authorities, act of terrorists, including but not limited to cyber-related terrorist acts, hacking, government restrictions, exchange or market rulings, civil disturbance, war, strike or other labor dispute, fire, interruption in telecommunications or Internet services or network provider services, failure of equipment and/or software, other catastrophe or any other occurrence which is beyond the reasonable control of Trust Company and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions.

8.8. Non-Waiver of Rights. This agreement shall not be construed to waive rights that cannot be waived under applicable laws in the jurisdiction where Client is located.


9. TRUST COMPANY OBLIGATIONS.

9.1. Bookkeeping. Trust Company will keep timely and accurate records as to the deposit, disbursement, investment, and reinvestment of the Digital Assets. Trust Company will maintain accurate records and bookkeeping of the Custodial Services as required by applicable law and in accordance with Trust Company’s internal document retention policies.

9.2. Insurance. Trust Company will obtain and maintain, at its sole expense, insurance coverage in such types and amounts as are commercially reasonable for the Custodial Services provided hereunder.

9.3. Business Continuity Plan. Trust Company has established a business continuity plan that will support its ability to conduct business in the event of a significant business disruption (“SBD”). This plan is reviewed and updated annually, and can be updated more frequently, if deemed necessary by Trust Company in its sole discretion. Should Trust Company be impacted by an SBD, Trust Company aims to minimize business interruption as quickly and efficiently as possible. To receive more information about Trust Company’s business continuity plan, please send a written request to security@coinbase.com.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of the date below.

 

COINBASE CUSTODY TRUST       BITWISE 10 PRIVATE INDEX FUND, LLC
COMPANY, LLC         
BY:   

/s/ Sam McIngvale

      BY:   

/s/ Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

NAME   

Sam McIngvale

      NAME:   

Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

TITLE:   

Chief Executive Officer

      TITLE:   

COO

DATE:   

03 / 08 / 2019

      DATE:   

03/06/2019

BITWISE 10 INDEX OFFSHORE FUND, LTD.       DIGITAL ASSET INDEX FUND, LLC
BY:   

/s/ Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

      BY:   

/s/ Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

NAME:   

Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

      NAME:   

Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

TITLE:   

COO

      TITLE:   

COO

DATE:   

03/06/2019

      DATE:   

03/06/2019


[SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]

 

Bitwise Ethereum Fund, LLC
BY:  

/s/ Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

NAME:  

Paul E. (“Teddy”) Fusaro

TITLE:  

COO

DATE:  

03/06/2019


EXHIBIT A

CLIENT

 

1.

BITWISE 10 PRIVATE INDEX FUND, LLC

 

2.

BITWISE 10 INDEX OFFSHORE FUND, LTD.

 

3.

DIGITAL ASSET INDEX FUND, LLC

 

4.

BITWISE ETHEREUM FUND, LLC


Exhibit B

BUSINESS HOURS

Business Hours” shall mean 5am – 5pm PST on a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a Trust Company Holiday. A “Trust Company Holiday,” shall mean the following U.S. federal holidays:

 

 

New Year’s Day (January 1)

 

 

Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Third Monday in January)

 

 

President’s Day / Washington’s Birthday (Third Monday in February)

 

 

Memorial Day (Last Monday in May)

 

 

Independence Day (July 4)

 

 

Labor Day (First Monday in September)

 

 

Veterans Day (November 11)

 

 

Thanksgiving Day (Fourth Thursday in November)

 

 

Christmas Day (December 25)


APPENDIX 1: PROHIBITED USE, PROHIBITED BUSINESSES AND CONDITIONAL USE

Prohibited Use

Client may not use Client’s Custodial Account to engage in the following categories of activity (“Prohibited Uses”). The Prohibited Uses extend to any third party that gains access to the Custodial Services through Client’s account or otherwise, regardless of whether such third party was authorized or unauthorized by Client to use the Custodial Services associated with the Custodial Account. The specific types of use listed below are representative, but not exhaustive. If Client is uncertain as to whether or not Client’s use of Custodial Services involves a Prohibited Use, or have questions about how these requirements applies to Client, please contact Trust Company at custody@coinbase.com. By opening a Custodial Account, Client confirms that Client will not use Client’s Custodial Account to do any of the following:

 

   

Unlawful Activity: Activity which would violate, or assist in violation of, any law, statute, ordinance, or regulation, sanctions programs administered in the countries where Trust Company conducts business, including, but not limited to, the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), or which would involve proceeds of any unlawful activity; publish, distribute or disseminate any unlawful material or information.

 

   

Abusive Activity: Actions which impose an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on Trust Company’s infrastructure, or detrimentally interfere with, intercept, or expropriate any system, data, or information; transmit or upload any material to the Site that contains viruses, Trojan horses, worms, or any other harmful or deleterious programs; attempt to gain unauthorized access to the Site, other Custodial Accounts, computer systems or networks connected to the Site, through password mining or any other means; use Custodial Account information of another party to access or use the Site; or transfer Client’s Custodial Account access or rights to Client’s Custodial Account to a third party, unless by operation of law or with the express permission of Trust Company.

 

   

Abuse Other Users: Interfere with another Trust Company user’s access to or use of any Custodial Services; defame, abuse, extort, harass, stalk, threaten or otherwise violate or infringe the legal rights (such as, but not limited to, rights of privacy, publicity and intellectual property) of others; incite, threaten, facilitate, promote, or encourage hate, racial intolerance, or violent acts against others; harvest or otherwise collect information from the Site about others, including, without limitation, email addresses, without proper consent.

 

   

Fraud: Activity which operates to defraud Trust Company, Trust Company users, or any other person; provide any false, inaccurate, or misleading information to Trust Company.

 

   

Gambling: Lotteries; bidding fee auctions; sports forecasting or odds making; fantasy sports leagues with cash prizes; Internet gaming; contests; sweepstakes; games of chance.


   

Intellectual Property Infringement: Engage in transactions involving items that infringe or violate any copyright, trademark, right of publicity or privacy or any other proprietary right under the law, including but not limited to sales, distribution, or access to counterfeit music, movies, software, or other licensed materials without the appropriate authorization from the rights holder; use of Trust Company intellectual property, name, or logo, including use of Trust Company trade or service marks, without express consent from Trust Company or in a manner that otherwise harms Trust Company, or Trust Company’s brand; any action that implies an untrue endorsement by or affiliation with Trust Company.

 

   

Written Policies: Client may not use the Custodial Account or the Custodial Services in a manner that violates, or is otherwise inconsistent with, any operating instructions promulgated by Trust Company.

Prohibited Businesses

Although Trust Company may offer a Custodial Account to any entity that can successfully create an account in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, the following categories of businesses, business practices, and sale items are barred from the Custodial Services (“Prohibited Businesses”). The specific types of use listed below are representative, but not exhaustive. If Client is uncertain as to whether or not Client’s use of the Custodial Services involves a Prohibited Business, or have questions about how these requirements apply to Client, please contact us at custody@coinbase.com.

By opening a Custodial Account, Client confirm that Client will not use the Custodial Services in connection with any of following businesses, activities, practices, or items:

 

   

Restricted Financial Services: Check cashing, bail bonds, collections agencies.

 

   

Intellectual Property or Proprietary Rights Infringement: Sales, distribution, or access to counterfeit music, movies, software, or other licensed materials without the appropriate authorization from the rights holder.

 

   

Counterfeit or Unauthorized Goods: Unauthorized sale or resale of brand name or designer products or services; sale of goods or services that are illegally imported or exported or which are stolen.

 

   

Regulated Products and Services: Marijuana dispensaries and related businesses; sale of tobacco, e-cigarettes, and e-liquid; online prescription or pharmaceutical services; age-restricted goods or services; weapons and munitions; gunpowder and other explosives; fireworks and related goods; toxic, flammable, and radioactive materials; products and services with varying legal status on a state-by-state basis.

 

   

Drugs and Drug Paraphernalia: Sale of narcotics, controlled substances, and any equipment designed for making or using drugs, such as bongs, vaporizers, and hookahs.


   

Pseudo-Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceuticals and other products that make health claims that have not been approved or verified by the applicable local and/or national regulatory body.

 

   

Substances designed to mimic illegal drugs: Sale of a legal substance that provides the same effect as an illegal drug (e.g., salvia, kratom).

 

   

Adult Content and Services: Pornography and other obscene materials (including literature, imagery and other media); sites offering any sexually-related services such as prostitution, escorts, pay-per view, adult live chat features.

 

   

Multi-level Marketing: Pyramid schemes, network marketing, and referral marketing programs.

 

   

Unfair, Predatory or Deceptive Practices: Investment opportunities or other services that promise high rewards; sale or resale of a service without added benefit to the buyer; resale of government offerings without authorization or added value; sites that we determine in our sole discretion to be unfair, deceptive, or predatory towards consumers.

 

   

Gambling Services.

 

   

Weapons Manufacturers/Vendors.

 

   

Hate Groups.

 

   

Money Services: Gift cards; prepaid cards; sale of in-game currency unless the merchant is the operator of the virtual world; act as a payment intermediary or aggregator or otherwise resell any of the Custodial Services.

 

   

Crowdfunding.

 

   

High-risk Businesses: any businesses that we believe pose elevated financial risk or legal liability.

Conditional Use

Express written consent and approval from Trust Company must be obtained prior to using Custodial Services for the following categories of business and/or use (“Conditional Uses”). Consent may be requested by contacting us at custody@coinbase.com. Trust Company may also require Client to agree to additional conditions, make supplemental representations and warranties, complete enhanced on-boarding procedures, and operate subject to restrictions if Client uses the Custodial Services in connection with any of following businesses, activities, or practices:

 

   

Charities: Acceptance of donations for nonprofit enterprise.

 

   

Games of Skill: Games which are not defined as gambling under this Agreement or by law, but which require an entry fee and award a prize.


   

Religious/Spiritual Organizations: Operation of a for-profit religious or spiritual organization.

 

   

Digital Currency Services: Operation of a Bitcoin (“BTC”) ATM, BTC mining, BTC exchange, or other high-risk Digital Currency service.


APPENDIX 2: E-SIGN DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT

This policy describes how Trust Company delivers communications to Client electronically. Trust Company may amend this policy at any time by providing a revised version on Trust Company’s website. The revised version will be effective at the time Trust Company posts it. Trust Company will provide Client with prior notice of any material changes via Trust Company’s website.

Electronic Delivery of Communications

Client agrees and consents to receive electronically all communications, agreements, documents, notices and disclosures (collectively, “Communications”) that Trust Company provides in connection with Client’s Custodial Account and Client’s use of Custodial Services. Communications include:

 

   

Terms of use and policies Client agrees to (e.g., the Agreement, any addendum thereto, and Privacy Policy), including updates to these agreements or policies;

 

   

Custodial Account details, history, transaction receipts, confirmations, and any other Custodial Account, deposit, withdrawal or transfer information;

 

   

Legal, regulatory, and tax disclosures or statements we may be required to make available to Client; and

 

   

Responses to claims or customer support inquiries filed in connection with Client’s Custodial Account.

We will provide these Communications to Client by posting them on the Site, emailing them to Client at the primary email address on file with Trust Company, communicating to Client via instant chat, and/or through other electronic communication.

Hardware and Software Requirements

In order to access and retain electronic Communications, Client will need the following computer hardware and software:

 

   

A device with an Internet connection;

 

   

A current web browser that includes 128-bit encryption (e.g., Internet Explorer version 9.0 and above, Firefox version 3.6 and above, Chrome version 31.0 and above, or Safari 7.0 and above) with cookies enabled;

 

   

A valid email address (Client’s primary email address on file with Trust Company); and

 

   

Sufficient storage space to save past Communications or an installed printer to print them.


How to Withdraw Client’s Consent

Client may withdraw Client’s consent to receive Communications electronically by contacting Trust Company at custody@coinbase.com. If Client fails to provide or if Client withdraws Client’s consent to receive Communications electronically, Trust Company reserves the right to immediately close Client’s Custodial Account or charge Client additional fees for paper copies.

Updating Client’s Information

It is Client’s responsibility to provide Trust Company with a true, accurate, and complete e-mail address and Client’s contact information, and to keep such information up to date. Client understands and agrees that if Trust Company sends Client an electronic Communication but Client does not receive it because Client’s primary email address on file is incorrect, out of date, blocked by Client’s service provider, or Client is otherwise unable to receive electronic Communications, Trust Company will be deemed to have provided the Communication to Client.

Client may update Client’s information by logging into Client’s Custodial Account and visiting settings or by contacting the Custody support team at custody@coinbase.com.


Schedule A

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC Fee Schedule

This Fee Schedule is effective (the “Effective Date”) upon execution of the Custodial Services Agreement between Trust Company and Client (the “Agreement”). The parties hereto agree that the fees associated with the Custodial Services for Client shall be as set forth below. All capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Agreement.

 

I.

Minimum Custodial Account Balance

Trust Company is pleased to waive the Minimum Custodial Account Balance at this time.

 

II.

Implementation Fee

The Client implementation fee set forth below is a one-time, flat fee assessed to cover onboarding and implementation costs (the “Implementation Fee”):

Trust Company is pleased to waive the Implementation Fee at this time.

 

III.

Custodial Service Fee & Minimum Monthly Charge

The Custodial Service Fee is an annualized fee, charged monthly, that is assessed as a percentage of Client’s USD denominated average monthly balance of assets under custody (“AUC”). The Custodial Service Fee is defined and calculated as follows:

Monthly Average AUC multiplied by the Custodial Billing Rate, as defined herein.

The Custodial Billing Rate is defined as the proportion of total calendar days in the billing month to total calendar days in the billing year multiplied by the Annualized Custodial Service Fee (as set forth below).

Client’s Monthly Average AUC shall equal the USD denominated sum of Client’s Daily AUC for each calendar day of the billing month, for each Digital Asset on deposit in Client’s Custodial Account, divided by number of calendar days in the billing month.

Client’s Daily AUC shall equal the daily Digital Asset price as listed on Coinbase Prime or Coinbase Pro at 4:00 PM ET multiplied by daily Digital Asset balance as of 4:00 PM ET.

On a monthly basis, Client shall pay the greater of (1) the Custodial Service Fee, or (2) the monthly minimum charge set forth below (collectively, the “Fee”).    Client shall pay the Fee on the earlier of (i) the date that Client’s Custodial Account amasses an equivalent to $50,000 AUC, or (ii) three months from the Effective Date. The Fee, once it commences, shall be the greater of:


  1.

Custodial Service Fee, or

 

Client’s Monthly

Average AUC

   Annualized Custodial
Service Fee

$[***]-$[***]M

   [***]bps

$[***]M-$[***]M

   [***]bps

$[***]M+

   [***]bps

 

  2.

Minimum Monthly Charge

Trust company is pleased to waive the Minimum Monthly Charge.

 

IV.

Payment Terms

Trust Company will invoice Client for all Fees on a monthly basis and Client shall pay all amounts to Trust Company within fifteen (15) days of Client’s receipt of an invoice for such Fee. Client will pay any amounts owed hereunder in the form and manner communicated by Trust Company to Client, including but not limited to transfer of cryptocurrency to an address designated by Trust Company, a debit from Client’s Custodial Account.

 

  V.

Term

This Fee Schedule was prepared exclusively for Client on February 15, 2019 and is valid for 30 days. The pricing terms set forth herein shall act in aggregate with the Pricing Proposal prepared for the following funds. For avoidance of a doubt, Client’s AUC shall act in aggregate with each fund referenced below.

 

  1.

Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC

 

  2.

Bitwise 10 Index Offshore Fund, Ltd.

 

  3.

Digital Asset Index Fund, LLC

 

  4.

Bitwise Ethereum Fund, LLC

The terms of the Agreement and the pricing terms set forth herein are confidential and shall not be shared with any third parties.


LOGO    Audit Trail

 

TITLE    Coinbase Custodial Agreement - Bitwise Entities
FILE NAME    Bitwise Entities IES - 2-15-19.pdf
DOCUMENT ID    eec1c2c2a170989bef56644f57a4d497c4d2cbb8
STATUS   

•   Completed

Document History

 

LOGO    02/15/2019    Sent for signature to Teddy Fusaro
   16:45:52 UTC-5    (teddy@bitwiseinvestments.com) from custody@coinbase.com IP: 4.15.128.222
LOGO   

03/06/2019

15:46:39 UTC-5

  

Viewed by Teddy Fusaro (teddy@bitwiseinvestments.com)

IP: 71.198.152.170

LOGO   

03/06/2019

16:04:56 UTC-5

  

Signed by Teddy Fusaro (teddy@bitwiseinvestments.com)

IP: 71.198.152.170

LOGO   

03/06/2019

16:04:56 UTC-5

   The document has been completed.

Exhibit 10.2

AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO COINBASE CUSTODY

CUSTODIAL SERVICES AGREEMENT

This Amendment No. 1 (this “Amendment”) to that certain Custodial Services Agreement, dated March 6, 2019 (the “Agreement”), by and between Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC, with an address at 200 Park Avenue South, Suite 1208, New York, NY 10003 (“Coinbase Custody”), and the party or parties identified as client on the signature page(s) of this Amendment (“Client”), is by and between Trust Company and Client and effective as of the last signature date set forth below (the “Effective Date”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Agreement. Trust Company and Client may be individually referred to as a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties.”

WHEREAS, the Parties desire to amend the Agreement to acknowledge and memorialize the conversion and name change of a Client entity from “Bitwise 10 Private Index Fund, LLC” (a Delaware LLC) to “Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund” (a Delaware statutory trust), and to replace such entity’s name as further described in this Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreement as set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby mutually acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

1) The lists of Client entities set forth in each of Schedule A, Section IV (“TERM”) and Exhibit A (“CLIENTS”) to the Agreement are hereby amended and restated, in each case, as follows:

 

  1.

BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND

 

  2.

BITWISE 10 INDEX OFFSHORE FUND, LTD.

 

  3.

DIGITAL ASSET INDEX FUND, LLC

 

  4.

BITWISE ETHEREUM FUND, LLC

2) Except as set forth in this Amendment, all terms of the Agreement shall remain unchanged and in full force and effect. The Agreement as amended by this Amendment sets out all terms agreed between the Parties and supersedes all other agreements between the Parties relating to its subject matter.

[signature page follows]

 

1


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Amendment to be executed and effectively agree to be bound by the Agreement and associated changes herein as of the Effective Date by their duly-authorized representatives.

 

  COINBASE CUSTODY TRUST COMPANY, LLC
LOGO   By:  

/s/ Sam McIngvale

  Name:   Sam McIngvale
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer
  Date:   5/22/2020
  CLIENT: BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND
  By:  

/s/ Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro

  Name:   Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro
  Title:   Chief Operating Officer
  Date:   5/21/2020
  CLIENT: BITWISE 10 INDEX OFFSHORE FUND, LTD.
  By:  

/s/ Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro

  Name:   Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro
  Title:   Chief Operating Officer
  Date:   5/21/2020

[signature page to Amendment No. 1 to Custodial Services Agreement]


CLIENT: DIGITAL ASSET INDEX FUND, LLC
By:  

/s/ Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro

Name:   Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro
Title:   Chief Operating Officer
Date:   5/21/2020
CLIENT: BITWISE ETHEREUM FUND, LLC
By:  

/s/ Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro

Name:   Paul (“Teddy”) Fusaro
Title:   Chief Operating Officer
Date:   5/21/2020

[signature page to Amendment No. 1 to Custodial Services Agreement]

Exhibit 10.3

LICENSE AGREEMENT

This License Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of May 28, 2020 (the “Effective Date”), by and between Bitwise Index Services, LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company (“Licensor” or “Bitwise Index Services”), and Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC Sponsor of the Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund (“Licensee” or “Bitwise Investment Advisers” and “the Fund,” and together with Licensor, the “Parties”, and each a “Party”).

WHEREAS, the Licensor and the Licensee are both wholly controlled subsidiary entities and Affiliates of Bitwise Asset Management, Inc. (“the Parent Company”); and

WHEREAS, the Licensor is a subsidiary Affiliate engaged in the business of the creation, calculation, dissemination, and marketing of Bitwise Products and has control and rights to such Products delegated by the Parent Company; and

WHEREAS, the Licensee is a subsidiary Affiliate engaged in the business of Sponsoring and managing cryptocurrency funds and asset management products; and

WHEREAS, the Parent Company is the sole and exclusive owner and has sole and exclusive control of the entire right, title and interest in both subsidiary Affiliates and therefore to the Bitwise Products; and

WHEREAS, Licensee desires to acquire a license to use the Bitwise Product as provided herein;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth herein, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS

a. “Affiliates” of an entity or person shall mean all current and future entities or persons under common control with, controlled by, or in control of such entity or person; where control of such entity means owning directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of the equity securities or other equity interest granting voting rights exercisable in electing the management of such entity, for so long as such ownership exists.

b. “Bitwise Products” shall mean Bitwise 10 Large Cap Crypto Index and any indices and other products derived from those indices created, marketed or distributed by or on behalf of the Licensor which may be added from time to time to this list with the mutual consent of the Licensor and Licensee.

c. “Change of Control” shall mean a merger, acquisition, or other change in the ownership of more than 50% of the voting interest of the Licensor or Licensee, or the sale of all or substantially all of the Licensor’s or Licensee’s business or assets.


d. “License Term” shall mean the period commencing as of the Effective Date and continuing in perpetuity, subject to earlier termination as provided in Section 4.

e. “Licensed Rights” shall mean the rights licensed by Licensor to Licensee under this License Agreement.

2. GRANT OF LICENSE a. License Grant.

(1) Products. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Licensor hereby grants to Licensee, a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable, license to use the Bitwise Products, particularly the Bitwise 10 Large Cap Crypto Index, for the purpose of using as the benchmark index for the Fund.

b. License Restrictions. Except as otherwise permitted hereunder, Licensee agrees that it will not directly or indirectly, whether through any parent, subsidiary, Affiliate, agent or otherwise, sell, lease, license, sublicense, transfer or assign any of the Licensed Rights, any portion thereof, or otherwise grant any rights with respect thereto.

c. Reservation of Rights. This Agreement does not grant, authorize or imply any rights of use other than those expressly set forth herein. Without limiting the foregoing, Licensor reserves the right under all of its intellectual property rights, whether presently existing or existing in the future, to make, have made, develop, market, license, sell, and distribute any products, and to use and license and otherwise grants rights with respect to the Bitwise Products for any and all uses.

d. Ownership. Licensor retains sole ownership of the Bitwise Products and all right, title, and interest therein. Licensee acknowledges and agrees that it is acquiring only a limited right to use the Bitwise Products, as licensed hereunder.

3. LICENSE FEES. In exchange for the grant of the License, during the License Term, Licensee shall pay Licensor no license fee.

4. TERM AND TERMINATION.

a. This Agreement shall commence upon the Effective Date and continue until it is terminated by the Licensor.

b. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by the Licensee upon giving notice thereof if (i) it believes in good faith that (a) material damage or harm is occurring to its reputation or goodwill by reason of the licensing or use of the Licensed Rights, (b) Licensee’s use of the Licensed Rights is not in full compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any court or any regulatory, legislative or administrative body or self-regulatory organization; (c) Licensor is not legally permitted to continue to compile and publish or allow others to use any of the Bitwise Products; or (d) there is any threatened or pending litigation or legal action against the Licensor or Licensee or any other Person relating to its licensing or use of the Bitwise Products.    


c. Rights Upon Termination. Upon termination, all rights of Licensee granted hereunder shall terminate immediately, Licensee shall cease use of the Licensed Rights.

d. Survival. The following provisions hereof survive termination of this Agreement: Sections 5, 6, and 7.

e. Licensor Partial Termination Rights. Licensor has the right to cease to compile and publish any data or information included within the Bitwise Products. Licensor shall give Licensee at least 5 days advance notice of any such termination. In such event, the Licensed Rights shall automatically be terminated by Licensor as to such Bitwise Products, data or information on such termination date, and, if no adequate replacement is provided by Licensor, Licensee shall have the right to terminate this Agreement as of the date of such notice.

5. LIABILITY.

a. No Liability. Licensor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the suitability, appropriateness or merchantability of fitness of using the Licensed Rights and Licensor shall have no liability to any person or entity with respect to the use of the Licensed Rights by Licensee.

b. Indemnification. The Licensee shall indemnify Licensor and its Affiliates from any and all claims, demands, causes of action, debts, costs, damages, expenses (including attorneys’ fees), losses, obligations and liabilities arising, directly or indirectly, from the License and/or the Licensee’s use of the Licensed Rights (collectively, the “Losses.”)    

6. COVENANTS OF LICENSEE. Licensee agrees as follows:

a. Licensee shall not at any time knowingly do anything which may in any way prejudice the rights of the Licensor, or which brings the Licensor into disrepute anywhere in the world.    

b. Licensee shall comply with all applicable laws, rules, regulations and orders.

7. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

a. Arbitration. Any dispute, claim, or controversy arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the breach, termination, enforcement, interpretation, or validity thereof, including the determination of the scope or applicability of this Agreement to arbitrate, will be determined by arbitration. The location of the arbitration will be San Francisco, California. The arbitration will be administered by the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services (“JAMS”) pursuant to its Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures. Disputes will not be resolved in any other forum or venue. The Parties agree that any arbitration will be conducted by a sole arbitrator who is experienced in dispute resolution regarding the securities or digital asset industry. Pre-arbitration


discovery will be limited to the greatest extent provided by the rules of JAMS, the arbitration award will not include factual findings or conclusions of law, and no punitive damages will be awarded. Judgment may be entered upon any award granted in any arbitration in any court of competent jurisdiction in the county and state in which the prevailing Party maintains its principal office at the time the award is rendered, or in any other court having jurisdiction.

b. Governing Law. This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule that would require or permit the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the State of Delaware.

c. Severability. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement should be invalid under applicable law, such provision or portion of such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or remaining provisions of this Agreement.

d. Waiver. A provision of this Agreement may be waived only by a written instrument executed by the Party entitled to the benefit of such provision. The failure of any Party at any time to require performance of any provision of this Agreement shall in no manner affect such Party’s right at a later time to enforce the same. A waiver of any breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not be construed as a continuing waiver of other breaches of the same or other provisions of this Agreement.

e. Subject Headings; Counterparts. The subject headings of the sections of this Agreement are included for the purposes of convenience only, and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of any of its provisions. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts. Each executed counterpart may be delivered to the other Parties by facsimile and copies bearing the facsimile signature of a Party will constitute a valid and binding execution and delivery of this Agreement.

f. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, communications and understandings between them with respect thereto. No modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be effective without the mutual written agreement of Licensor and Licensee.

g. Independent Contractors. The relationship of Licensor and Licensee established by this Agreement is that of independent contractors, and nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed to (i) give any Party the power to direct and control the day-to-day activities of the other, (ii) constitute the Parties as partners, joint venturers, co-owners or otherwise as participants in a joint or common undertaking, or (iii) allow any Party to create or assume any obligation on behalf of any Party for any purpose whatsoever.

h. Nonassignability and Binding Effect. Each Party agrees that its rights and obligations under this Agreement may not be transferred or assigned without the prior written consent of each Party hereto. Subject to the foregoing sentence, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties hereto, their successors, and assigns.

(Signature Page Follows)


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement effective as of the date first above written.

 

LICENSOR
Bitwise Index Services, LLC
By:   /s/ Hunter Horsley
  Name: Hunter Horsley
  Title: President
LICENSEE
Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC
By:   /s/ Hunter Horsley
  Name: Hunter Horsley
  Title: President

Exhibit 10.4

Certain identified information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and

is the type of information that the registrant treats as private or confidential. Information that

was omitted has been noted in this document with a placeholder identified by the mark “[***]”.

TRANSFER AGENCY AND REGISTRAR SERVICES AGREEMENT

THIS TRANSFER AGENCY AND REGISTRAR SERVICES AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of May 12, 2020 (the “Effective Date”), is entered into by and between BITWISE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC (the “Sponsor”) on behalf of BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Fund”), and AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company (“AST”; together with the Fund, the “Parties”; each, the “Party”).

1. Appointment of AST as Transfer Agent and Registrar.

(a) The Fund hereby appoints AST, and AST hereby accepts such appointment, to act as sole transfer agent and registrar (the “Transfer Agent”) for the shares of the Fund and for any other securities of the Fund as requested in writing by the Fund from time to time (the “Shares”). AST shall perform only those duties and obligations that are specifically set forth in this Agreement, including on Schedule 1, and no implied duties and obligations shall be read into this Agreement against AST.

(b) On or immediately after the Effective Date, the Fund shall deliver to AST the following: (i) incumbency certificates of the officers of the Fund who are authorized to deliver written instructions and requests on behalf of the Fund to AST; (ii) copies of the organizational documents of the Fund, certified by the corporate secretary or similar authorized officers of the Fund; (iii) a schedule that lists the class of the Shares, the par value of the Shares, and the number of authorized Shares; and (iv) all documentation or information reasonably requested by AST that is required by bank regulatory authorities under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including without limitation the United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, as amended (the “KYC/AML Requirements”). The Fund hereby acknowledges that it shall be the sole responsibility of the Fund to ensure compliance with the all KYC/AML Requirements with respect to the Shareholders (as defined below) that make primary investments into the Fund.

(c) The Fund shall promptly advise AST in writing of any change in the capital structure of the Fund, and the Fund shall promptly provide AST with resolutions of Bitwise Asset Management, the Fund’s sponsor (the “Sponsor”) authorizing any recapitalization of the Shares or change in the number of issued Shares. Further, the Fund shall advise AST reasonably promptly of any material amendment or supplement to any information or materials provided by the Fund to AST and shall provide such material amendment or supplement to AST as soon as reasonably practicable.

(d) The Fund hereby authorizes AST to establish and AST agrees to establish a program (the “DRS Sale Program”), through which the holders of one or more Shares (the “Shareholders”) may elect to sell any Shares held in book-entry form through the Direct Registration System operated by the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation. The Fund shall not be charged by AST for establishing or administering the DRS Sale Program, and AST shall be entitled to charge a transaction fee as set forth on Schedule 2 to any Shareholder that elects to sell Shares through the DRS Sale Program. The Fund hereby appoints AST, and AST hereby accepts such appointment to act as the administrator of the DRS Sale Program.

2. Term. The initial term of this Agreement shall be five (5) years from the date hereof, and this Agreement shall automatically renew for additional five-year successive terms (each, a “Term”) without further action of the Parties, unless (i) written notice is provided by either Party at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of the initial or any subsequent five-year period or (ii) the Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9.


3. Fees; Expenses.

(a) As consideration for the services listed on Schedule 1 (the “Services”), the Fund shall pay to AST the fees set forth on Schedule 2 (the “Fees”). If the Fund requests that AST provide additional services not contemplated hereby, the Fund shall pay to AST fees for such services at AST’s reasonable and customary rates, such fees to be governed by the terms of a separate agreement to be mutually agreed to and entered into by the Parties at such time (the “Additional Service Fee”; together with the Fees, the “Service Fees”).

(b) The Fund shall reimburse AST for all reasonable and documented expenses incurred by AST (including, without limitation, reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of outside counsel, but only to the extent that the Sponsor has provided prior written approval regarding the engagement by AST of such outside counsel) in connection with the Services (the “Expenses”); provided, however, that AST reserves the right to request advance payment for any out-of-pocket expenses. The Fund agrees to pay all Service Fees and Expenses within thirty (30) days following receipt of an invoice from AST.

(c) The Fund agrees and acknowledges that AST may adjust the Service Fees annually, on or about each anniversary date of this Agreement, by five percent (5%).

(d) Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason, AST shall assist the Fund with the transfer of records of the Fund held by AST. AST shall be entitled to record transfer services fee of $8,500 and reimbursement of any reasonable Expenses for the preparation and delivery of such records to the successor agent or to the Fund, and for maintaining records that are received after the termination of this Agreement (the “Record Transfer Services”).

4. Representations and Warranties of the Fund.

(a) The Fund represents and warrants to AST that (i) it is duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of its organization; (ii) it has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions contemplated hereby; (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Fund; and (iv) this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered and is the legally valid and binding obligation of the Fund, enforceable against the Fund in accordance with the Agreement’s terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceeding in equity or at law).

(b) All Shares issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, or to be issued during the Term, are or shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. Except as in accordance with Section 4(c), all such Shares are or shall be duly registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

(c) Any Shares that are not registered under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act are or shall be issued or transferred in a transaction that is, or a series of transactions that are, exempt from the registration provisions under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and such Shares bear or shall bear the applicable restrictive legends. Upon the Shares no longer being deemed restricted securities pursuant to Rule 144, the Fund shall deliver to AST a blanket legal opinion in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to AST. In addition, upon any transfer of Shares subject to a transfer restriction, the Fund shall deliver to AST a legal opinion in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to AST.

 

 

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5. Representations and Warranties of AST.

(a) AST represents and warrants to the Fund that (i) it is duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of its organization; (ii) it has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions contemplated hereby; (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of AST; and (iv) this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered and is the legally valid and binding obligation of AST, enforceable against AST in accordance with the Agreement’s terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceeding in equity or at law).

(b) There is no pending or, to the best of its knowledge, threatened, action, suit or proceeding before or by any court or other governmental body, or any regulatory investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission or other regulatory authority, to which AST or its assets is subject, which might reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect AST’s ability to perform under this Agreement.

(c) AST will comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction in which it undertakes any activities under this Agreement in all material respects.

(d) AST has obtained and will maintain all necessary consents, permits, licenses, and other authorizations (together, “Authorizations”) required to conduct AST’s business in any relevant jurisdiction or in order to perform its services hereunder. AST will provide to the Fund, upon its request, a copy of any such Authorization.

6. Reliance.

(a) AST shall be entitled to assume the validity of the issuance, presentation or transfer of Shares, the genuineness of any endorsement(s), the authority of its presenter(s), or the collection or payment of charges or taxes incident to the issuance or transfer of Shares; provided, however, that AST may delay or decline to issue or transfer Shares if it determines in good faith and in its sole discretion that it is in the Fund’s and/or AST’s best interests to receive evidence or written assurance of the validity of the issuance, presentation or transfer of Shares, the authority of its presenter(s) or the collection or payment of any charges or taxes relating to the issuance or transfer.

(b) For the avoidance of doubt, AST shall not be responsible for any transfer or issuance of Shares that has not been effected by AST.

(c) Except to the extent that AST has actual knowledge to the contrary, AST may rely on, and shall be protected and incur no liability in acting or refraining from acting in good faith reliance upon: (i) any writing or other instruction, including, but not limited to, oral instruction, certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, stock power, affidavit or other document or security, received from any Person (as defined below) it believes in good faith to be an authorized officer, agent or employee of the Fund, unless the Fund has advised AST in writing that AST must act and rely only on written instructions of certain authorized officers of the Fund; (ii) any statement of fact contained in any such writing or instruction which AST in good faith believes to be accurate; (iii) other authenticity and genuineness of any signature (manual, facsimile or electronic) appearing on any writing, including, but not limited to, any certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, stock power, affidavit or other document or security; and (iv) the conformity to original of any copy. AST may act and rely on the advice, opinions or instructions received from the Fund’s legal counsel. In the event that the Fund or its legal counsel is unavailable or does not respond to AST’s requests for legal advice, AST may seek the advice of AST’s own legal counsel (including its internal legal

 

 

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counsel), and AST shall be entitled to act and rely in good faith on the advice, opinion or instruction of such counsel, which shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by AST pursuant to such advice, opinion or instruction. Without limiting the foregoing, AST shall be entitled to use and rely upon any instructions of the Fund without responsibility for independent verification thereof and shall not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of such instructions.

(d) Except to the extent that AST has actual knowledge to the contrary, AST may rely on, and shall be protected and incur no liability in acting or refraining from acting in good faith in reliance upon: (i) any writing or other instruction believed by AST in good faith to have been furnished by or on behalf of a Shareholder, including, but not limited to, any oral instruction, certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, stock power, affidavit or other document or security; (ii) any statement of fact contained in any such writing or instruction which AST in good faith believes to be accurate; (iii) the apparent authority of any Person to act on behalf of a Shareholder as having actual authority to the extent of such apparent authority; (iv) the authenticity and genuineness of any signature (manual, facsimile or electronic) appearing on any writing, including, but not limited to, any certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, stock power, affidavit or other document or security; and (v) on the conformity to original of any copy. AST is authorized to reject any transfer request that fails to satisfy AST’s internal procedures relating to the transfer of Shares. Without limiting the foregoing, AST shall be entitled to use and rely upon any instructions of a Shareholder or its representatives without responsibility for independent verification thereof and shall not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of such instructions.

(e) AST may rely on, and shall be protected and incur no liability in acting or refraining from acting in good faith in reliance upon: (i) any guaranty of signature by an “eligible guarantor institution” that is a member or participant in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program or other comparable signature guarantee program or insurance program; or (ii) any instructions received through the Depository Trust Company’s Direct Registration System/Profile service.

7. Unclaimed Property.

(a) To the extent required by applicable unclaimed property laws or if requested by the Fund, AST will provide, or cause to be provided, unclaimed property reporting services for unclaimed property that may be are deemed abandoned or otherwise subject to unclaimed property law. Such services will include (without limitation) (i) identification of unclaimed or abandoned property, (ii) preparation of unclaimed or abandoned property reports, (iii) delivery of unclaimed or abandoned property to the applicable state unclaimed property departments, (iv) completion of required due diligence notifications, (v) responses to inquiries from Shareholders relating to unclaimed or abandoned property, and (vi) such other services as are reasonably be necessary to comply with unclaimed property laws or regulations. The Fund shall assist and cooperate with AST as reasonably necessary in connection with the performance of the services described in this Section. AST shall assist the Fund in responding to (x) inquiries from state unclaimed property departments regarding reports filed by or on behalf of the Fund or (y) requests for the confirmation of names of owners of unclaimed or abandoned property.

(b) The Fund acknowledges and agrees that AST may use a shareholder locating service provider (the “Locating Service Provider”) to locate and contact Shareholders (or their surviving relatives, joint tenants or heirs, as applicable) to assist them in preventing the escheatment of applicable Shares and related unclaimed or abandoned property. The Fund shall not be charged by AST or the Locating Service Provider for such services. The Locating Service Provider shall inform the Shareholders that they may elect (x) to contact AST at no charge other than at AST’s applicable fees or (y) to utilize the services of the Locating Service Provider for a fee, which shall not exceed the maximum fee allowed under the applicable state’s unclaimed property rules.

 

 

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8. Confidentiality.

(a) “Confidential Information” means, as to the Disclosing Party (as defined below) and, if applicable, its Affiliates: (i) information concerning the business of the Disclosing Party and, if applicable, its Affiliates (including, without limitation, business, financial, technical, and other information marked or designated by such Party as “confidential” or “proprietary”, historical financial statements, financial projections and budgets, audits, tax returns and accountants’ materials, historical, current and projected sales, capital spending budgets and plans, business plans, strategic plans, marketing and advertising plans, publications, and customer agreements); (ii) information that, by the nature of the circumstances surrounding the disclosure, ought in good faith to be treated as confidential; (iii) information, including account information, relating to the shareholders of the Disclosing Party; and (iv) all notes, analyses, compilations, studies, summaries and other material prepared by the Receiving Party (as defined below), its Affiliates, employees, agents, and representatives containing or based, in whole or in part, on any or all of the foregoing; provided that Confidential Information shall not include any information that (x) is or becomes (through no improper action or inaction of the Receiving Party) generally available to the public; (y) was rightfully disclosed to the Receiving Party by a third party without a breach of any confidentiality obligations hereunder; or (z) was independently developed by the Receiving Party without reference to or use of any Confidential Information.

(b) “Affiliates” means, as to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly, controls or is controlled or is under common control with the specified Person; “Person” means any corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other legal entity; and “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise. “Controlling” and “controlled” shall have corresponding meanings.

(c) Each Party (the “Receiving Party”) acknowledges that it may acquire or have access to Confidential Information of the other Party (the “Disclosing Party”) in connection with the Services or this Agreement. The Receiving Party shall not disclose Confidential Information to any other Person, and shall not use Confidential Information for any purposes other than in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement; provided that the Receiving Party shall be permitted to disclose Confidential Information (i) pursuant to the order of any court or administrative agency or in any pending legal, judicial or administrative proceeding, or otherwise as required by applicable law or compulsory legal process based on the advice of counsel (in which case the Receiving Party agrees, to the extent practicable and not prohibited by applicable law, to inform the Disclosing Party promptly thereof prior to disclosure; provided, however, that this clause shall not require AST to notify the Fund of its receipt of any subpoena, summons, or other legal process relating to wage garnishment, tax levy or domestic matter proceedings filed against or by a Shareholder); (ii) upon the request or demand of any regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Receiving Party (in which case the Receiving Party agrees, to the extent practicable and not prohibited by applicable law, to inform the Disclosing Party promptly thereof prior to disclosure); or (iii) upon reasonable determination by the Receiving Party’s counsel that such disclosure is required in order to fulfill public reporting obligations, including disclosure obligations imposed by the OTC Markets Group and the SEC. The Receiving Party shall safeguard the Confidential Information to the same extent that it safeguards its own confidential information of a like nature and in any event with not less than a reasonable degree of care.

(d) Upon the termination of this Agreement or upon the Disclosing Party’s written request, the Receiving Party shall, at the Disclosing Party’s option, either destroy or return to the Disclosing Party any and all of the Confidential Information, written or other materials derived from the Confidential Information, and copies thereof, and shall delete and purge permanently all copies and traces of the same from any storage location and/or media to the extent reasonably or technically possible. The Receiving

 

 

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Party shall, within fifteen (15) days from the termination of this Agreement or such request, provide the Disclosing Party with a certificate signed by an authorized officer of the Receiving Party confirming that the Receiving Party has fulfilled its obligations under this clause. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon notice to the Disclosing Party, the Receiving Party may keep a copy of the Confidential Information after termination of this Agreement to the extent necessary for audit and/or regulatory purposes or to the extent required under applicable law.

9. Termination.

(a) Either Party may terminate this Agreement if the other Party breaches any material provision herein and either the breach cannot be cured or, if the breach can be cured, it is not cured by the breaching Party within 45 days after the breaching Party’s receipt of written notice of such breach (the “Cure Period”). If the Fund is the breaching Party, then, during the Cure Period, upon written notice to the Fund, AST may suspend the Services without terminating the Agreement. During the period of suspension of Services, AST shall have no obligation to act as Transfer Agent, it being understood that such suspension shall not affect AST’s rights and remedies hereunder.

(b) Either Party may terminate this Agreement, effective upon written notice to the other Party, if the other Party (i) becomes insolvent or admits its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due; (ii) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any proceeding under any domestic or foreign bankruptcy or insolvency law, which is not fully stayed within seven (7) business days or is not dismissed or vacated within forty-five (45) business days after filing; (iii) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose; (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or (v) has a receiver, trustee, custodian or similar agent appointed by order of any court of competent jurisdiction to take charge of or sell any material portion of its property or business.

(c) The expiration or termination of this Agreement, for any reason, shall not release either Party from any obligation or liability to the other Party, including any payment and delivery obligation, that (i) has already accrued hereunder; (ii) comes into effect due to the expiration or termination of the Agreement; or (iii) otherwise survives the expiration or termination of this Agreement. Following the termination of this Agreement, AST shall promptly invoice the Fund for any outstanding Service Fees and Expenses due and owing under this Agreement, and the Fund shall pay all such Service Fees and Expenses to AST in accordance with the payment terms set forth in this Agreement.

(d) If the Fund terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 2, then the Fund shall pay to AST (i) all amounts outstanding under this Agreement as of the date of such termination and (ii) AST’s then-customary fees for Record Transfer Services. If the Fund terminates this Agreement pursuant to Sections 9(a) or 9(b), then the Fund shall pay to AST all amounts outstanding under this Agreement as of the date of such termination, and AST shall not be entitled to any fees for Record Transfer Services. If AST terminates this Agreement pursuant to Sections 9(a) or 9(b) or the Fund terminates this Agreement for any reason other than pursuant to Sections 2, 9(a), or 9(b), then the Fund shall pay to AST (x) all outstanding Service Fees and Expenses as of the date of such termination, (y) the Service Fees that would otherwise have accrued during the remainder of the then-current Term, and (z) AST’s fee for Record Transfer Services.

10. Limitations on Liability.

(a) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no Party shall be liable to any other Party on any theory of liability for any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (including, without limitation, any loss of profits, business or anticipated savings).

 

 

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(b) Except in connection with the indemnification obligations herein, neither Party’s liability arising out of or in connection with the Services shall exceed the aggregate amount of all Service Fees paid under this Agreement during the twenty-four-month period immediately prior to the date of occurrence of the circumstances giving rise to such liability.

11. Indemnity.

(a) The Fund hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless AST and its Affiliates and its and their officers, directors, employees, advisors, agents, other representatives and controlling persons (each, an “Indemnified Person”) from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (“Losses”), joint or several, to which any such Indemnified Person may become subject arising out of or in connection with this Agreement and the Services or any claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing (each, a “Proceeding”), regardless of whether any such Indemnified Person is a party thereto or whether a Proceeding is brought by a third party or by the Fund or any of its Affiliates, and to reimburse each such Indemnified Person upon demand for any reasonable, documented legal or other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with investigating or defending any of the foregoing by one counsel to the Indemnified Persons taken as a whole and, in the case of a conflict of interest, one additional counsel to the affected Indemnified Persons taken as a whole; provided that the foregoing indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnified Person, apply to Losses to the extent they have resulted from the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of such Indemnified Person (as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable decision).

(b) AST hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company from and against any and all Losses to which the Company may become subject arising out of or in connection with this Agreement and the Services to the extent that such Losses have resulted from the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of AST (as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable decision).

(c) The Party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) agrees to notify the other Party (the “Indemnifying Party”) promptly of the assertion of any Proceeding for which it is seeking indemnification. At the Indemnifying Party’s election, unless there is a conflict of interest, the defense of the Indemnified Party shall be conducted by the Indemnifying Party’s counsel. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indemnified Party may employ separate counsel to represent it or defend the Indemnified Party in such Proceeding, and the Indemnifying Party will pay any reasonable, documented legal or other out-of-pocket expenses of counsel if the Indemnified Party reasonably determines, based on the advice of its legal counsel, that there are defenses available to the Indemnified Party that are different from, or in addition to, those available to the Indemnifying Party, or if an actual or potential conflict of interest between the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party makes representation by the Indemnifying Party’s counsel not advisable; provided that, unless there is an actual or potential conflict of interest, the Indemnifying Party will not be required to pay the fees and expenses of more than one separate counsel for the Indemnified Party in any jurisdiction in any single Proceeding. In any Proceeding the defense of which the Indemnifying Party assumes, the Indemnified Party shall be entitled to participate in such Proceeding and retain its own counsel at the Indemnified Party’s own expense.

(d) The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any Proceedings effected without its consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), but if settled with the Indemnifying Party’s written consent or if there is a final judgment for the plaintiff in any such Proceedings, the Indemnifying Party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Indemnified Party from and against any and all Losses by reason of such settlement or judgment in accordance with clause (a) above. The Indemnifying Party shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), effect any settlement or consent to the

 

 

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entry of any judgment of any pending or threatened Proceedings in respect of which indemnity could have been sought hereunder by the Indemnified Party, unless (i) such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person in form and substance satisfactory to the Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceedings and (ii) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of the Indemnified Party.

12. Force Majeure. AST shall not be liable for failure or delay in the performance of the Services if such failure or delay is due to causes beyond its reasonable control, including but not limited to Acts of God (including fire, flood, earthquake, storm, hurricane or other natural disaster), war, invasion, act of foreign enemies, hostilities (regardless of whether war is declared), civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection, military or usurped power or confiscation, terrorist activities, nationalization, government sanction, blockage, embargo, labor dispute, strike, lockout or interruption or failure of electricity or telephone service or any other force majeure event.

13. Notices. Any notice, report or payment required or permitted to be given or made under this Agreement by one Party to the other shall be in writing and addressed to the other Party at the following address (or at such other address as shall be given in writing by one Party to the other):

If to the Fund:

Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund

c/o Bitwise Investment Advisers, LLC

300 Brannan Street, Suite 201

San Francisco, CA 94107

Attention: Teddy Fusaro

Email: teddy@bitwiseinvestments.com

With a copy to:

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &Rosati

1700 K Street, Fifth Floor,Washington, DC 20006

Attention: Robert Rosenblum

Email: rrosenblum@wsgr.com

If to AST:

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC

6201 15th Avenue

Brooklyn, NY 11219

Attention: Relationship Management

With a copy to:

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC

48 Wall Street, 22nd Floor

New York, New York 10005

Attention: Legal Department

Email: legalteamAST@astfinancial.com

 

 

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14. Miscellaneous.

(a) The Fund acknowledges and agrees that (i) nothing herein shall be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture or other form of joint enterprise, employment or fiduciary relationship between the Parties, and (ii) the Fund waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that it may have against AST for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that AST shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Fund in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim.

(b) This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without reference to its conflicts of law rules. It is agreed that any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement shall be brought in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York or any court of the State of New York of competent jurisdiction located in such District. Service of any process by registered mail addressed to each party at the respective address above shall be effective service of process against such party for any suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court. Each Party (i) waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the Services in any New York State court or in any such Federal court; (ii) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such suit, action or proceeding in any such court; and (iii) agrees that a final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY OR ON BEHALF OF ANY PARTY RELATED TO OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY SERVICE HEREUNDER.

(c) The compensation, reimbursement, confidentiality, indemnification, jurisdiction, governing law, and waiver of jury trial provisions contained herein shall remain in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement. No amendment or waiver of any provision hereof shall be effective unless in writing and signed by the Parties and then only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. This Agreement is the only agreement between the Parties with respect to the matters contemplated hereby and sets forth the entire understanding of the Parties with respect thereto. This Agreement and the obligations hereunder of each Party shall not be assignable by such Party without the prior written consent of the other Party (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned); provided that AST may assign this Agreement or any rights granted hereunder, in whole or in part, to (i) its Affiliates in connection with a reorganization or (ii) a Person that acquires all or substantially all of the business or assets of AST whether by merger, acquisition, or otherwise.

(d) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different Parties in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by via email in “.pdf” or “.tif” form shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held illegal or invalid by any court, this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such provision had not been contained herein and shall be deemed an agreement between the Parties to the fullest extent permitted by law.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Party has caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY, LLC                  BITWISE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC on behalf of
      BITWISE 10 CRYPTO INDEX FUND
By:  

/s/ Michael A. Nespoli

    By:  

/s/ Hunter Horsley

  Name: Michael A. Nespoli       Name: Hunter Horsley
  Title: Executive Director       Title: President and Treasurer

 

 

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Schedule 1

Services

Capitalized terms used herein and not defined have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Agreement. Unless otherwise noted, AST will provide the following services:

ACCOUNT MAINTENANCE AND RECORDKEEPING

 

Open new accounts, consolidate and close Shareholder accounts

 

Annual record storage services (subject to an additional fee)

 

Maintain all Shareholder accounts

 

Process address changes, including seasonal addresses

 

Place, maintain and remove stop transfers

 

Post all debit and credit transactions

 

Perform social security solicitation

 

Handle shareholder and broker inquiries, including internet correspondence

 

Respond to requests for audit confirmations

 

Monthly report for all classes of securities in Microsoft Word and HTML formats (Excel format is subject to an additional fee)

STOCK AUDIT / CONTROL BOOK FUNCTIONS

 

Maintain accurate records of outstanding Shares

 

Respond to requests for audit confirmations

 

Provide web access to the total outstanding Unit balances

SECURITY ISSUANCE FUNCTIONS

 

Process all routine transfers

 

Post all debit and credit transactions

 

Create book entry Direct Registration System (“DRS”) positions

 

Participate in the DRS profile system, allowing broker “sweeps” of registered positions

 

Interface electronically with DTC/CEDE & CO, including for all DTC-eligible common shares

 

Mail newly-issued DRS advices to Shareholders

 

Replace lost or stolen Stock Certificates upon Shareholder request

 

Process legal transfers and transactions requiring special handling

 

Provide, upon request, access to daily reports of processed transfers

 

Recording any restrictive legends provided by the Fund on records of the applicable Shares

REPORTING

 

Furnish, upon request, unlimited Shareholder list, sorted by Fund-designated criteria

LISTS AND MAILINGS

 

Enclose multiple proxy cards to same household in one envelope, if applicable (subject to additional fees)

 

Monitor and suppress undeliverable mail until correct address is located

 

Furnish shareholder lists, in any sequence

 

Provide geographical detail reports of all stocks issued/surrendered over a specific period

 

Provide mailing labels

 

 

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WEB-BASED ORIGINAL ISSUANCE (OI) / DWAC SYSTEM 1

 

Facilitate Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian (“DWAC”) and original issuances initiated from the Fund’s desktop via Internet

 

Accept files for original issuances

 

Allow multiple requests to be submitted on the same form at the same time

 

Notify the Fund via email when matching broker instructions have not been received

 

Provide designated brokers the ability for brokers to log into the system and track the status of Fund-submitted items

 

Report daily and monthly transactions via e-mail

 

Enforce built-in security procedures

TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET ACCESS

 

Retrieve account information (including checks) 24 hours a day, 7 days per week

 

Review frequently asked questions, including transfer requirements and corporate actions data

 

Download forms (e.g., affidavit of domicile, form W-8/W-9, letters of transmittal and stock power)

 

Change account addresses

 

Replace lost, stolen or uncashed checks

 

Obtain a duplicate Form 1099

 

Sign up for electronic delivery (e.g., for proxy materials)

 

Enroll to have dividends directed toward purchase of additional Shares

 

Send e-mail inquiries concerning Shareholder’s account, or conduct an online chat session with one of AST’s customer service representatives

SHAREHOLDERS VIA THE INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE (“IVR”)

 

Obtain account-specific information, including account balance

 

Execute plan transactions, including sales and certification requests

 

Request a duplicate Form 1099, with delivery via mail or fax

 

Request a transfer package via mail or fax

 

Request forms to effect address changes, check replacements, and direct deposit enrollments

 

Obtain information pertaining to current corporate actions or other significant Fund events

SHAREHOLDER (INQUIRIES)

 

Distribute “welcome” material to new Shareholders (may incur reimbursable expenses)

 

Provide assistance to Shareholders related to their securities holdings as they initiate account inquiries or perform transactions, including guidance through common transactions and explanations for transaction rejections and the corrective steps required to complete their request

 

Provide 24/7 account access via the internet and IVR telephonic system

 

Provide toll-free number for Shareholder-initiated telephone inquiries to AST’s call center

 

Oversee the fulfillment process for potential investors (if applicable)

CLIENT-DESIGNATED PERSONNEL VIA THE INTERNET

 

View and download detailed Shareholder data, including name, address of record, account number(s), number of Shares held in book-entry form, historical dividend-related information and cost basis reporting information

 

Obtain total outstanding Unit balances

 

1 

Please note that AST does not charge a fee for DWAC processing but that the broker may charge fees incurred from receipt of Shares.

 

 

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Utilize AST’s reporting tool to generate comprehensive reports in a real-time environment, with immediate e-mail delivery

 

Issue stock options and effect delivery through the DWAC system

 

Update company profile and corporate information

CONTROL BOOKS TRACKING

 

Receive daily emails of control books information

 

Review current transactions affecting the number of outstanding Shares in a Fund-specified date range

PROXY CENTRAL

 

Proxy reports (either summarized or detailed) by proposal

 

Voting status on the 50 largest accounts

 

Shareholders attending the Fund annual meeting

 

DTC position listing

 

Broker voting detail

ANNUAL SHAREHOLDER MEETING

 

Process proxy votes for routine/non-routine meetings of the Fund

 

Imprint Shareholders’ name on proxy cards

 

2Mail material to Shareholders

 

Prepare and transmit daily proxy tabulation reports to the Fund by email

 

Provide certified Shareholder list in hard copy if requested

 

Facilitate proxy distribution mailing

DIVIDEND DISBURSEMENT

 

Confirm in writing that the dividend notice was received

 

Prepare and calculate dividend payments

 

Coordinate dividend checks and enclosures (if applicable) mailing to the Shareholders

 

Furnish one copy of the dividend register, hard copy or CD-ROM (if requested)

 

Place stop payment orders on reported lost dividend checks

 

Issue replacement dividend checks/sales checks

 

Provide copies of paid dividend checks upon request (subject to additional fee)

 

Report annual dividend income to Shareholders on applicable Form 1099

 

File annual tax information electronically to the Internal Revenue Service

 

Withhold and remit backup withholding taxes as required by the Internal Revenue Service

 

Withhold foreign tax and file foreign tax reports as required by the Internal Revenue Service

 

Maintain custody and control of all undeliverable checks and forward returned items to Shareholders upon confirmation of a current address

 

Mail year-end tax information to plan participants and the Internal Revenue Service

UNCLAIMED PROPERTY

 

Analyze and identify unclaimed or abandoned property across each class of security (if applicable)

 

Prepare and distribute due diligence notices (may incur reimbursable expenses)

 

Prepare unclaimed or abandoned property reports (including null or negative reports, if applicable)

 

2 

Please note that postage and processing fees will apply.

 

Deliver all unclaimed property and reports to the applicable jurisdictions

 

Respond to shareholder and state inquiries relating to unclaimed property filings

 

 

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Schedule 2

Fees

 

PRIVATE OFFFERING AND CONVERSION   

One-Time Fee

   $ [***]  

Assignment of Private Offering Specialist

     Included  

Conversion of existing Shareholder Data

     Included  

Coordination of working group as part of the offering

     Included  

Attendance at closing by telephone as requested

     Included  

Electronic delivery of Shares at time of closing

     Included  

Coordination of over-allotment of Shares (as needed)

   $ [***]  

CUSTODIAN AND PAYING AGENT ADMINISTRATION (per selling Shareholder)

   $ [***]  
ISSUER CENTRAL PLATFORM (1 license)      Included  
ONGOING ADMINISTRATION OF TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR SERVICES   

*Monthly Administration Fee – up to 1,000 registered holders

   $ [***]  

                                                  – with 1,001-2,500 registered holders

   $ [***]  

Annual Unclaimed Property Reporting (waived first two years of the initial term)

   $ [***]  

*Each additional class of security shall be $250 per month

  
TRANSFER AGENT SERVICES   

Account Maintenance per Account

     Included  

Issuance and Registration of Shares

     Included  

Restricted/Preferred Accounts

     Included  

General Written Correspondence

     Included  

Shareholder Address Changes

     Included  

Customer Service – Telephone

     Included  

Research and Responding to Shareholder Inquiries

     Included  

Issuance of Restricted Transfers

     Included  

3DWAC Transfers (broker fees may apply)

     Included  

Non-Routine Transfers (including removal of legends and transfer of applicable Shares)

     Included  

Shareholder Internet Access

     Included  

Fund Internet Access

     Included  

DRS Sale Program – Transaction Fee (to be paid by the Shareholder)

     Per transaction  

 

3 

Please note that AST does not charge a fee for DWAC processing but that the broker may charge fees incurred from receipt of Shares.

 

 

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ANNUAL MEETING ADMINISTRATION SERVICES   

Prepare Full Shareholder List as of Record Date

     Included  

Complete Reporting for Proxy Program

     Included  

Enclose and Mail Proxy Materials (mailing costs applied as out-of-pocket)

     Included  

Receive and Scan Returned Proxies

     Included  

Tabulate Proxies (Registered and Beneficial Holders – per vote fee applicable)

     Included  

Prepare and Verify Final Vote List

     Included  

Online access for Fund to monitor voting

     Included  

Omnibus Download of Proxy from DTC

     Included  

Inspector of Election (travel fees will be applied as out-of-pocket)

     Available  

Online & Telephonic Voting for Registered Shareholders

     Available  
MANAGEMENT REPORTING   

Standard Reporting Suite

     Included  

Online Access to Management Reports

     Included  

Report Requirements determined at Conversion

     Included  

SPECIAL SERVICES

Services not included herein (including, without limitation, trustee and custodial services, exchange/tender offer services, stock dividend disbursement services, voluntary disclosure agreements and audit administration services relating to abandoned or unclaimed property) but requested by the Fund may be subject to additional charges.

OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENSES

All customary out-of-pocket expenses will be billed in addition to the foregoing fees. These charges include, but are not limited to, printing and stationery, freight and materials delivery, postage and handling.

The foregoing fees apply to services ordinarily rendered by AST and are subject to reasonable adjustment based on final review of documents.

 

 

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