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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 5, 2021

Registration No. 333-                

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

 

FORM F-10

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

The Securities Act of 1933

 

 

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

British Columbia, Canada   2000   N/A
(Province or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No., if applicable)

2748 Rupert Street

Vancouver, British Columbia

Canada, V5M 3T7

(855) 526-9254

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

VGFC Holdings LLC

220 S. 1st Street

Patterson, California

95363

(855) 526-9254

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service in the United States)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Kamini Hitkari
2748 Rupert Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada, V5M 3T7
(855) 526-9254
 

Christopher R. Bornhorst, Esq.
Torys LLP
1114 Avenue of the Americas

23rd Floor
New York, New York 10036
(212) 880-6000

 

Michael Pedlow

Torys LLP

525 - 8th Avenue S.W

46th Floor

Calgary Alberta T2P 1G1

(403) 776-3700

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

Province of British Columbia, Canada

(Principal jurisdiction regulating this offering)

It is proposed that this filing shall become effective (check appropriate box below):

 

A.      ☐      upon filing with the Commission, pursuant to Rule 467(a) (if in connection with an offering being made contemporaneously in the United States and Canada).
B.       at some future date (check appropriate box below)
   1.    ☐      pursuant to Rule 467(b) on                 at                 (designate a time not sooner than seven calendar days after filing).
   2.       pursuant to Rule 467(b) on                 at                 (designate a time seven calendar days or sooner after filing) because the securities regulatory authority in the review jurisdiction has issued a receipt or notification of clearance on .
   3.       pursuant to Rule 467(b) as soon as practicable after notification of the Commission by the Registrant or the Canadian securities regulatory authority of the review jurisdiction that a receipt or notification of clearance has been issued with respect hereto.
   4.       after the filing of the next amendment to this Form (if preliminary material is being filed).

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to the home jurisdiction’s shelf prospectus offering procedures, check the following box.  ☒

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registration Statement shall become effective as provided in Rule 467 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, may determine.

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered
  Amount
to be
Registered(1) (2) (3)
  Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(3)
  Amount of
Registration Fee(2)

Common Shares

           

Warrants

           

Debt Securities

           

Subscription Receipts

           

Units

           

Total

  US$79,026,394.80   US$79,026,394.80   US$7,325.75

 

 

(1)

There are being registered under this Registration Statement such indeterminate number of securities of the Registrant as shall have an aggregate initial offering price of $100,000,000 CAD. Any securities registered by this Registration Statement may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered under this Registration Statement. The proposed maximum initial offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the securities under this Registration Statement.

(2)

Based on an aggregate initial offering price of $100,000,000 CAD converted at $1.00 USD equal to $1.2654 CAD, as reported by the Bank of Canada on October 1, 2021.

(3)

Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

 

 


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PART I

A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be offered or sold prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or purchase any securities in any U.S. state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS


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This amended and restated short form prospectus is a base shelf prospectus. This short form base shelf prospectus has been filed under legislation in each of the provinces and territories of Canada that permits certain information about these securities to be determined after this prospectus has become final and that permits the omission from this prospectus of that information. The legislation requires the delivery to purchasers of a prospectus supplement containing the omitted information within a specified period of time after agreeing to purchase any of these securities, except where an exemption from such delivery requirements is available.

No securities regulatory authority has expressed an opinion about these securities and it is an offence to claim otherwise. This amended and restated short form base shelf prospectus constitutes a public offering of these securities only in those jurisdictions where they may be lawfully offered for sale and therein only by persons permitted to sell such securities.

Information has been incorporated by reference in this short form base shelf prospectus from documents filed with securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the Chief Financial Officer of The Very Good Food Company Inc. at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada, V5M 3T7 (Telephone 1-855-526-9254) and are also available electronically at www.sedar.com.

AMENDED AND RESTATED SHORT FORM BASE SHELF PROSPECTUS

(amending and restating the first amended and restated short form base shelf prospectus dated September 30, 2021)

 

New Issue and Secondary Offering    October 5, 2021

 

LOGO

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

Common Shares

Warrants

Debt Securities

Subscription Receipts

Units

$100,000,000

The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Corporation”, “VERY GOOD”, “we”, or “us”) may offer and issue from time to time: (i) common shares of the Corporation (“Common Shares”); (ii) warrants to purchase Common Shares (“Warrants”); (iii) bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness of any kind, nature or description (the “Debt Securities”); (iv) subscription receipts, each of which, once purchased, entitle the holder to receive upon satisfaction of certain release conditions, and for no additional consideration, one Common Share and/or other securities of the Corporation (“Subscription Receipts”); or (v) units (“Units”) comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this amended and restated short form base shelf prospectus (the “Prospectus”) (all of the foregoing collectively, the “Securities”) or any combination thereof for up to an aggregate initial offering price of $100,000,000 (or the equivalent thereof in other currencies) during the 25-month period that this Prospectus, including any amendments hereto, remains effective. Securities may be offered separately or together, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at


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the time of sale and set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement (a “Prospectus Supplement”). One or more holders of Common Shares (each, a “Selling Shareholder”) may also offer and sell Common Shares under this Prospectus. See “Selling Shareholders”. The Corporation is filing this Prospectus in connection with the concurrent filing of a U.S. registration statement on Form F-10, of which this Prospectus forms a part (the “Registration Statement”), pursuant to the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “U.S. Securities Act”). See “Available Information”.

The specific terms of the Securities with respect to a particular offering will be set out in the applicable Prospectus Supplement and may include, where applicable: (i) in the case of Common Shares, the number of Common Shares offered, the offering price (in the event the offering is a fixed price distribution) or the manner of determination thereof (in the event the offering is a non-fixed price distribution, including sales in transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market distributions” as defined in National Instrument 44-102Shelf Distributions (an “ATM Distribution”)) and the persons offering the Common Shares; (ii) in the case of Warrants, the offering price, whether the Warrants are being offered for cash, the designation, the number and the terms of the Common Shares purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants, any procedures that will result in the adjustment of these numbers, the exercise price, the dates and periods of exercise, and any other terms specific to the Warrants being offered; (iii) in the case of Debt Securities, the specific designation of the Debt Securities, any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities, the currency or currency unit, the maturity, the offering price, whether payment on the Debt Securities will be senior or subordinated to the other liabilities and obligations of the Corporation, whether the debt securities will bear interest, the interest rate or the manner of determination thereof, any interest payment date(s), covenants, events of default, any terms of redemption, any conversion or exchange rights and any other specific terms of the debt securities; (iv) in the case of the Subscription Receipts, the number of Subscription Receipts offered, the offering price, the terms, conditions and procedures for the conversion of such Subscription Receipts into Common Shares and/or other securities of the Corporation and any other specific terms of the Subscription Receipts; and (v) in the case of Units, the designation and terms of the Units and of the securities comprising the Units and any other specific terms. Where required by statute, regulation or policy, and where Securities are offered in currencies other than Canadian dollars, appropriate disclosure of foreign exchange rates applicable to the Securities will be included in the Prospectus Supplement describing the Securities.

For greater certainty, sales of Common Shares may be effected under this Prospectus from time to time in one or more ATM Distributions under a Prospectus Supplement.

This Prospectus does not qualify for issuance Debt Securities in respect of which the payment of principal and/or interest may be determined, in whole or in part, by reference to one or more underlying interests including, for example, an equity or debt security, a statistical measure of economic or financial performance including, but not limited to, any currency, consumer price or mortgage index, or the price or value of one or more commodities, indices or other items, or any other item or formula, or any combination or basket of the foregoing items, other than as required to provide for an interest rate that is adjusted for inflation. For greater certainty, this Prospectus may qualify for issuance Debt Securities in respect of which the payment of principal and/or interest may be determined, in whole or in part, by reference to published rates of a central banking authority or one or more financial institutions, such as a prime rate or a bankers’ acceptance rate, or to recognized market benchmark interest rates.

All information permitted under applicable law to be omitted from this Prospectus will be contained in one or more Prospectus Supplements that will be delivered to purchasers together with this Prospectus to the extent required under applicable securities laws. Each Prospectus Supplement will be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for the purposes of securities legislation as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement and only for the purposes of the distribution of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.

The Corporation and the Selling Shareholder(s) may offer and sell the Securities to or through underwriters or dealers purchasing as principals and may also sell directly to one or more purchasers or through agents or

 

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pursuant to applicable statutory exemptions. See “Plan of Distribution”. The Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering of Securities will identify, if applicable, each underwriter, dealer or agent, as the case may be, engaged by the Corporation or the Selling Shareholder(s) in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities, and will set forth the terms of the offering of such Securities, including, to the extent applicable, any fees, discounts or any other compensation payable to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering, the method of distribution of the Securities, the identity of the Selling Shareholder(s), if any, the initial issue price (in the event that the offering is a fixed price distribution), the proceeds that the Corporation or the Selling Shareholders(s) will, or expects to receive and any other material terms of the plan of distribution.

The Securities may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices or at non-fixed prices.

If offered on a non-fixed price basis, the Securities may be offered at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices determined by reference to the prevailing price of a specified Security in a specified market or at prices to be negotiated with purchasers. If offered on a non-fixed price basis, the compensation payable to an underwriter, dealer or agent in connection, if applicable, with any such sale will be decreased by the amount, if any, by which the aggregate price paid for Securities by the purchasers is less than the gross proceeds paid by the underwriter, dealer or agent to the Corporation. The price at which the Securities will be offered and sold may vary from purchaser to purchaser and during the period of distribution.

In connection with any offering of Securities (other than an ATM Distribution), unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement, the underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be, may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the Securities at a level other than those which otherwise might prevail on the open market. Such transactions may be commenced, interrupted or discontinued at any time. A purchaser who acquires Securities forming part of the underwriters’, dealers’ or agents’ over-allocation position acquires those Securities under this Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement relating to the particular offering of Securities, regardless of whether the over-allocation position is ultimately filled through the exercise of the over-allotment option or secondary market purchases. No underwriter, dealer or agent involved in an ATM Distribution of any of the Securities under a Prospectus Supplement, and no affiliate of any such underwriter, dealer or agent, and no person acting jointly or in concert with any such underwriter, dealer or agent, will over-allot any Securities in connection with their distribution or effect any other transaction that is intended to stabilize or maintain the market price of the Securities being distributed. See “Plan of Distribution”.

The outstanding Common Shares are listed on the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSXV”) under the trading symbol “VERY.V”, are quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “VRYYF” and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “OSI”. The Corporation has also applied to list the Common Shares on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “VGFC”. The listing of the Common Shares on Nasdaq is dependent upon satisfaction of all necessary listing requirements. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, no Securities, other than Common Shares, will be listed on any securities exchange.

The Corporation’s head office is located at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada, V5M 3T7 and its registered and records office is located at 885 W. Georgia, #900, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 3H1.

The Corporation is permitted, under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United States (“MJDS”), to prepare this Prospectus in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada. Prospective purchasers in the United States should be aware that such requirements are different from those of the United States. The financial statements included or incorporated by reference herein have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”) and may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies. The audit of such financial statements is subject to Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and auditor independence standards.

 

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The enforcement by purchasers of civil liabilities under the United States federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that the Corporation is governed by the laws of British Columbia, Canada, that some or all of its officers and directors are residents of a foreign country, that some or all of the experts named in this Prospectus are, and the underwriters, dealers or agents named in any Prospectus Supplement may be, residents of a foreign country, and a substantial portion of the assets of the Corporation and said persons may be located outside of the United States.

THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE “SEC”) NOR ANY STATE OR CANADIAN SECURITIES COMMISSION OR REGULATORY AUTHORITY NOR HAS THE SEC OR ANY STATE OR CANADIAN SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE.

Prospective purchasers should be aware that the acquisition of the Securities may have tax consequences in Canada and the United States. Such consequences for purchasers who are resident in, or citizens of, the United States may not be described fully herein or in any applicable Prospectus Supplement. Prospective purchasers should read the tax discussion contained in this Prospectus under the heading “Certain Income Tax Considerations” as well as the tax discussion, if any, contained in the applicable Prospectus Supplement with respect to a particular offering of Securities.

All dollar amounts in this Prospectus are expressed in Canadian dollars, except as otherwise indicated.

No underwriter has been involved in the preparation of this Prospectus nor has any underwriter performed any review of the contents of this Prospectus.

Investing in the Securities involves certain risks. Prospective purchasers of the Securities should carefully consider all the information in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus.

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

     1  

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

     4  

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

     4  

DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT

     6  

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

     6  

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC

     7  

CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION

     7  

USE OF PROCEEDS

     8  

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

     8  

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

     10  

TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME

     15  

PRIOR SALES

     16  

CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

     20  

RISK FACTORS

     20  

LEGAL MATTERS

     22  

INTEREST OF EXPERTS

     22  

AUDITORS, TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

     22  

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

     23  

PROMOTERS

     23  

 


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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Prospectus contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws in Canada. Forward-looking information may relate to anticipated events or results and may include information regarding the Corporation’s financial position, business strategy, growth plans, budgets, operations, financial results, taxes, dividend policy, plans and objectives. Particularly, information regarding the Corporation’s expectations of future results, performance, achievements, prospects or opportunities or the markets in which we operate is forward-looking information. In some cases, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “plans”, “targets”, “expects” or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “an opportunity exists”, “budget”, “scheduled”, “estimates”, “outlook”, “forecasts”, “projection”, “prospects”, “strategy”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “does not anticipate”, “believes”, or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might”, “will”, “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved”. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, intentions, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances contain forward-looking information. Statements containing forward-looking information are not historical facts but instead represent management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events or circumstances.

In particular and without limitation, the forward-looking information in this Prospectus and the documents incorporation by reference includes, among other things, statements relating to:

 

   

the Corporation’s expectations regarding its proposed listing of the Common Shares on Nasdaq;

 

   

the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19”) on the Corporation’s business;

 

   

the Corporation’s business strategy and growth plans;

 

   

the Corporation’s capital expenditures and operations;

 

   

the Corporation’s belief that expanding sales across the Corporation’s distribution network in Canada and the United States is a critical element of the Corporation’s growth strategy;

 

   

the anticipated production volume capacities of VERY GOOD’s production facilities in Vancouver, British Columbia (the “Rupert Facility”) in Patterson, California (the “Patterson Facility”) and the production facility located in Esquimalt, British Columbia, and the Corporation’s ability to scale and increase production output and the timing thereof;

 

   

expectations regarding the number of production lines and numbers of SKUs to be produced at the Rupert Facility and the Patterson Facility;

 

   

timing for the commencement of food production at the Patterson Facility and on the second production line at the Rupert Facility;

 

   

the Corporation’s ability to increase wholesale distribution in Canada and in the United States;

 

   

plans for, and the anticipated timing of, an eCommerce sales launch in the European Union and further international expansion;

 

   

plans for and the anticipated benefits of VERY GOOD’s product innovation centre at Mount Pleasant including the ability to rapidly introduce new creative products into the market (“Mount Pleasant”);

 

   

the anticipated timing for opening of the Mount Pleasant flagship butcher shop;

 

   

the Corporation’s commitment to corporate responsibility;

 

   

the Corporation’s ability to become a “Certified B Corporation”;

 

   

VERY GOOD’s acquisition strategy;

 

   

plans for, and the timing of, the retail rollout of VERY GOOD’s new “Butcher’s Select” gluten and soy free line of products and the benefits the Corporation expects to derive therefrom including the ability of the Butcher’s Select brand to strengthen VERY GOOD’s competitive position and compete against leading brand products;

 

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expectations regarding the scaling of the Corporation’s retail network to a target of greater than 3,000 retail stores and 15,000 points of distribution by the end of 2021 in Canada and the United States;

 

   

the strength and benefits of the Corporation’s eCommerce platform and the ability to complete over 5,000 eCommerce orders per week;

 

   

the ongoing discussions with major US retailer banners regarding the distribution of the Corporation’s products;

 

   

the Corporation’s plans to obtain sustainability certifications and be both carbon and plastic neutral in the future;

 

   

the expected timing for non-GMO certification;

 

   

expectations regarding the Corporation’s ability to use the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant (as defined in the AIF) as a template for the opening of additional locations across North America;

 

   

the Corporation’s expectations regarding any material variances in the use of proceeds from what was disclosed in the Corporation’s short form prospectus dated June 25, 2021 (the “June 2021 Prospectus”);

 

   

continuing to strategically register trademarks; and

 

   

expectations regarding the Corporation’s credit facility of up to $70,000,000 (the “Credit Facility”).

Forward-looking information is based on the Corporation’s opinions, estimates and assumptions in light of the Corporation’s experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we currently believe are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances. Despite a careful process to prepare and review the forward-looking information, there can be no assurance that the underlying opinions, estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct. Certain assumptions in respect of the impact of COVID-19; no material deterioration in general business and economic conditions; no material fluctuations of interest rates and foreign exchange rates; continued strong demand for the Corporation’s products; planned capital projects such as Mount Pleasant, the Patterson Facility, the Rupert Facility and the construction, costs, schedules, approvals and anticipated benefits relating thereto; the availability of sufficient capital to fund capital requirements associated with existing operations and capital projects; the ability to obtain necessary equipment, production inputs and labour; growth plans; the ability to retain senior management and other key personnel; the competitive environment conditions and the Corporation’s ability to position VERY GOOD competitively; the execution of the Corporation’s business strategy and growth plans and the impact thereof; future performance including future financial objectives; and food safety and regulatory compliance are all material assumptions made in preparing forward-looking information and management’s expectations.

Forward-looking information is necessarily based on a number of opinions, estimates and assumptions that we considered appropriate and reasonable as of the date such statements are made, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including but not limited to the following risk factors described in greater detail under the heading entitled “Risk Factors” in this Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, such as:

 

   

the impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

 

   

the Corporation’s potential failure to successfully establish, or potential disruptions at, the Corporation’s facilities;

 

   

the Corporation’s need for significant additional funding and the Corporation’s negative cash flow from operations;

 

   

risks relating to the Credit Facility;

 

   

the Corporation’s history of losses;

 

 

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discretion over use of proceeds;

 

   

the loss of members of the Corporation’s management team or other key personnel;

 

   

the highly competitive nature of the plant-based industry;

 

   

limited or disrupted supply of raw materials including key ingredients;

 

   

inability to scale production and manage the Corporation’s supply chain;

 

   

the rapid growth of the Corporation’s business and the Corporation’s ability to meet growth goals;

 

   

the Corporation’s acquisition strategy and ability to integrate new business;

 

   

the Corporation’s reliance on third-party logistics providers;

 

   

food safety and consumer health;

 

   

the Corporation’s ability to protect its trademarks or other intellectual property rights;

 

   

the Corporation’s increasing reliance on distributors;

 

   

the effectiveness of the Corporation’s marketing efforts including digital marketing and social media campaigns;

 

   

inability to protect the Corporation’s brand value and reputation;

 

   

failure to successfully expand to new markets;

 

   

failure to comply with applicable product labelling, marketing and advertising regulations;

 

   

the Corporation’s inability to develop and market new products and improvement to existing products;

 

   

failure to acquire or retain customers across the Corporation’s distribution channels;

 

   

the effects of consolidation in the retail grocer sector;

 

   

the Corporation’s failure to comply with laws and regulations;

 

   

disruptions affecting the Corporation’s information technology systems and eCommerce business;

 

   

claims made against the Corporation, which may result in litigation;

 

   

the impacts of climate change;

 

   

insurance-related risks;

 

   

leasing commercial and retail space;

 

   

consumer trends;

 

   

changes in the general economic conditions;

 

   

union attempts to organize the Corporation’s employees;

 

   

failure to meet social responsibility metrics or ESG benchmarks;

 

   

counterparty risk;

 

   

changes in accounting standards;

 

   

volatility in the market price for Common Shares;

 

   

future equity sales;

 

   

no cash dividends for the foreseeable future;

 

   

dilution; and

 

   

the forward-looking information in this Prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference herein may prove inaccurate.

 

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If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the opinions, estimates or assumptions underlying the forward-looking information prove incorrect, actual results or future events might vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. The opinions, estimates or assumptions referred to above and described in greater detail in “Risk Factors” should be considered carefully by readers.

Although we have attempted to identify important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, there may be other risk factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material that could also cause actual results or future events to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking information. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information, which speaks only as of the date made. The forward-looking information contained in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein represents the Corporation’s expectations as of the date of this Prospectus (or as the date they are otherwise stated to be made) and are subject to change after such date. However, we disclaim any intention or obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws in Canada.

All of the forward-looking information contained in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein is expressly qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements. Investors should read this entire prospectus and consult their own professional advisors to ascertain and assess the income tax, legal, risk factors and other aspects of their investment in the Securities.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

All dollar amounts set forth in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated, references to “dollars”, or “$” are to Canadian dollars. All financial information in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein has, unless stated otherwise, been derived from the financial statements presented in accordance with IFRS, which differs from United States generally accepted accounting principles.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Information has been incorporated by reference in this Prospectus from documents filed with securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the Chief Financial Officer of The Very Good Food Company Inc., at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada, V5M 3T7 (Telephone: 1-855-526-9254) and are also available electronically under the Corporation’s profile at www.sedar.com. Documents filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are available through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering and Retrieval System at www.sec.gov.

The following documents of the Corporation, which have been filed with Canadian securities commissions or similar authorities in each of the provinces and territories of Canada and filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, are specifically incorporated by reference in, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus:

 

  a)

the Corporation’s audited annual consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2020 and 2019, together with the independent auditor’s report thereon and the notes thereto;

 

  b)

the independent auditor’s report on the Corporation’s audited consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2019 and 2018;

 

  c)

the Corporation’s management’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019;

 

 

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  d)

the Corporation’s annual information form (“AIF”) for the year ended December 31, 2020;

 

  e)

the Corporation’s unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, together with the notes thereto (the “Q2 Financial Statements”);

 

  f)

the Corporation’s management’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (the “Q2 MD&A”); and

 

  g)

the Corporation’s management information circular (the “Management Circular”) dated May 25, 2021 prepared in connection with the annual and special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation held on June 29, 2021.

Any document of the type referred to in section 11.1 of Form 44-101F1 of National Instrument 44-101Short Form Prospectus Distributions (other than confidential material change reports, if any) filed by the Corporation with the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada after the date of this Prospectus and all Prospectus Supplements, disclosing additional or updated information filed pursuant to the requirements of applicable securities legislation in Canada and during the period that this Prospectus is effective, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. In addition, any “template version” of “marketing materials” (as defined in National Instrument 41-101General Prospectus Requirements) filed after the date of a Prospectus Supplement and prior to the termination of the offering of Securities to which such Prospectus Supplement relates, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into such Prospectus Supplement. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference contain meaningful and material information relating to the Corporation and prospective purchasers of Securities should review all information contained in this Prospectus and the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference.

Upon a new annual information form and related annual consolidated financial statements being filed by the Corporation with the applicable securities regulatory authorities during the duration that this Prospectus is effective, the previous annual information form, the previous annual consolidated financial statements and all interim consolidated financial statements, and in each case the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis, any information circular (other than relating to an annual meeting of shareholders of the Corporation) filed prior to the commencement of the financial year of the Corporation in which the new annual information form is filed and material change reports filed prior to the commencement of the financial year of the Corporation in which the new annual information form is filed shall be deemed no longer to be incorporated into this Prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of Securities under this Prospectus. Upon interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis being filed by the Corporation with the applicable securities regulatory authorities during the duration that this Prospectus is effective, all interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis filed prior to the new interim consolidated financial statements shall be deemed no longer to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of Securities under this Prospectus. Upon a new information circular relating to an annual meeting of shareholders of the Corporation being filed by the Corporation with the applicable securities regulatory authorities during the duration that this Prospectus is effective, the information circular for the previous annual meeting of shareholders of the Corporation shall be deemed no longer to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of Securities under this Prospectus.

In addition, any document or information included in any report on Form 6-K or Form 40-F (or any respective successor form) that is filed with or furnished to the SEC, as applicable, pursuant to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “U.S. Exchange Act”) after the date of this Prospectus, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference the Registration Statement (in the case of Form 6-K, if and to the extent such incorporation by reference is expressly set forth therein).

A Prospectus Supplement containing the specific terms of an offering of Securities and other information relating to the Securities will be delivered to prospective purchasers of such Securities together with this Prospectus to

 

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the extent required under applicable securities laws. Each Prospectus Supplement will be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for the purposes of securities legislation as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement and only for the purposes of the distribution of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.

Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not constitute a part of this Prospectus, except as so modified or superseded. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes. The making of such a modifying or superseding statement shall not be deemed an admission for any purpose that the modified or superseded statement, when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances in which it was made.

DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT

The following documents have been, or will be, filed with the SEC as part of the Registration Statement: (1) the documents listed under “Documents Incorporated by Reference”; (2) the consents of KPMG LLP, DMCL, Chartered Professional Accountants and Torys LLP; (3) the form of Debt Indenture (as defined below) for any Debt Securities that may be offered hereunder; and (4) powers of attorney from certain of the Corporation’s directors and officers. A copy of the underwriting agreement for offerings under this Prospectus, and, as applicable, the warrant indenture for offerings of Warrants, the subscription receipt agreement for offerings of Subscription Receipts, any unit agreement for offerings of Units, and/or any supplemental indenture to the Debt Indenture and/or form of note for offerings of Debt Securities, will be filed by post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the U.S. Exchange Act.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Corporation files reports and other information with the securities commissions and similar regulatory authorities in each of the provinces and territories of Canada. The Corporation has concurrently filed with the SEC the Registration Statement with respect to the Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus. This Prospectus, which constitutes a part of the Registration Statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the Registration Statement, certain items of which are contained in the exhibits to the Registration Statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements included or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus about the contents of any contract, agreement or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance the prospective purchasers should refer to the exhibits for a more complete description of the matter involved.

The Corporation is subject to the information requirements of applicable Canadian securities legislation and, in accordance therewith, files reports and other information with the applicable securities regulators in Canada. Upon effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Corporation will be subject to the information requirements of the U.S. Exchange Act and will file reports and information with the SEC. Under the MJDS adopted by the United States and Canada, documents and other information that the Corporation files with the SEC may be prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which are different from those of the United States. As a “foreign private issuer” within the meaning of rules made under the U.S. Exchange Act, the Corporation will be exempt from the rules under the U.S. Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of

 

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proxy statements, and the Corporation’s officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act. In addition, the Corporation will not be required to publish financial statements as promptly as United States companies.

The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that makes available reports and other information that the Corporation files or furnishes electronically with it. A prospective purchaser may also read and download any public document that the Corporation has filed with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities under the Corporation’s profile on the SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The Corporation’s Internet site can be found at www.verygoodfood.com. The information on the Corporation’s website is not incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and should not be considered a part of this Prospectus, and the reference to the Corporation’s website in this Prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

Prospective purchasers should rely only on information contained in this Prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference herein and any applicable Prospectus Supplement and any “free writing prospectus” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws. The Corporation has not authorized anyone to provide prospective purchasers with different information. The Corporation is not making an offer of the Securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. Prospective purchasers should not assume that the information contained in this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this Prospectus, unless otherwise noted herein or as required by law. It should be assumed that the information appearing in this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement or any “free writing prospectus”, and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference are accurate only as of their respective dates. The business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects of the Corporation may have changed since those dates.

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

VERY GOOD is an emerging plant-based food technology company that produces nutritious and delicious plant-based meat and cheese products under its core brands: The Very Good Butchers and The Very Good Cheese Co. Further information regarding the Corporation and its business is set out in the AIF under “Description of the Business”, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Recent Developments

On October 4, 2021, VERY GOOD announced that it had submitted an initial application to list the Common Shares on Nasdaq. The listing of the Common Shares on Nasdaq remains subject to the review and approval of the listing application and the satisfaction of all applicable listing and regulatory requirements, including approval by the SEC of the Registration Statement. The Corporation will continue to maintain the listing of the Common Shares on the TSXV under the symbol “VERY”.

CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth the unaudited consolidated capitalization of the Corporation as at September 30, 2021. This table should be read in conjunction with the Q2 Financial Statements and Q2 MD&A incorporated by reference in this Prospectus.

 

Designation (authorized)

  

As at September 30, 2021 (unaudited)

Common Shares (unlimited)    

  

$62,889,218

(103,456,964 Common Shares)

Options(1)

   8,601,131 Options

Warrants(2)

   5,706,558 Warrants

Loan Capital(3)

   $3,473,520

 

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Notes:

 

(1)

As of the date hereof, there were 8,601,131 options (“Options”) outstanding pursuant to the Corporation’s stock option plan, each Option entitling the holder to purchase one Common Share at exercise prices ranging from $0.25 to $9.07 per Common Share. See “Prior Sales”.

(2)

As of the date hereof, there were 5,706,558 warrants outstanding. See “Prior Sales.

(3)

Represents amount drawn under the Credit Facility as at the date hereof. The Credit Facility consists of a revolving credit facility available to a maximum of $20,000,000 and a term loan available to a maximum of $50,000,000 (the “Term Loan”). VERY GOOD intends to use the Credit Facility for general corporate purposes including, among other things, supporting working capital, making potential acquisitions and, in the case of the Term Loan, purchasing equipment for the Patterson Facility and other production facilities. Drawdowns and the receipt of proceeds under the Credit Facility are subject to the Corporation satisfying certain terms and conditions thereunder.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we otherwise indicate in a Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities for general corporate purposes, including funding ongoing operations at our facilities, further eCommerce and wholesale expansion efforts, working capital requirements, repaying indebtedness outstanding from time to time, completing acquisitions and for other corporate purposes to be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering of the Securities. The Corporation does not expect any material variances in the use of proceeds from what was disclosed in the June 2021 Prospectus.

Our intended use of proceeds accounts for the impacts and effects of COVID-19 that are currently known to us. Future developments, which we cannot currently predict, may require us to adjust, delay or postpone, either temporarily or permanently, any one of the principal purposes set out above. New or revised government and health directives, the availability of equipment, trades and staff for our facilities, and interruptions in our supply chain and distribution network, are all factors that could have an adverse impact on our plans. See “Risk Factors – Discretion in Use of Proceeds” and the risk factors under the heading “Risk Factors”.

More detailed information regarding the use of proceeds from the sale of Securities, including any determinable milestones at the applicable time, will be described in a Prospectus Supplement and will include reasonable detail of the principal purposes of the proposed use of net proceeds in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.2 of Form 44-101F1 – Short Form Prospectus (“Form 44-101F1”), as well as the business objectives expected to be accomplished using the net proceeds of such offering and each significant event that must occur to accomplish such business objective, including the cost thereof, in accordance with Section 4.7 of Form 44-101F1. All expenses relating to an offering of Securities and any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be, will be paid out of the proceeds from the sale of such Securities, unless otherwise stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. We may also, from time to time, issue securities otherwise than pursuant to a Prospectus Supplement.

We had a negative operating cash flow for the financial years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. To the extent that we have negative cash flow in any future period, the Corporation will use net proceeds from a particular offering to fund such negative cash flow. See “Risk Factors – Negative Cash Flow from Operations”.

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

This Prospectus may also, from time to time, relate to the offering of the Common Shares by way of a secondary offering (each, a “Secondary Offering”) by one or more Selling Shareholders. The terms under which Common Shares may be offered by Selling Shareholders will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The

 

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Prospectus Supplement for or including any Secondary Offering will include, without limitation, where applicable: (i) the names of the Selling Shareholders; (ii) the number and type of Common Shares owned, controlled or directed by each Selling Shareholder; (iii) the number of Common Shares being distributed for the accounts of each Selling Shareholder; (iv) the number of Common Shares to be owned, controlled or directed by each Selling Shareholder after the distribution and the percentage that number or amount represents out of the total number of outstanding Common Share; (v) whether the Common Shares are owned by the Selling Shareholders, both of record and beneficially, of record only or beneficially only; (vi) if a Selling Shareholder purchased any of the Common Shares held by him, her or it in the 12 months preceding the date of the Prospectus Supplement, the date or dates the Selling Shareholder acquired the Common Shares; (vii) if a Selling Shareholder acquired the Common Shares held by him, her or it in the 12 months preceding the date of the Prospectus Supplement, the cost thereof to the Selling Shareholder in the aggregate and on a per Common Share basis; and (viii) the Prospectus Supplement will contain, if applicable, the disclosure required by Item 1.11 of Form 44-101F1Short Form Prospectus, and, if applicable, each Selling Shareholder will file a non-issuer’s submission to jurisdiction form with the corresponding Prospectus Supplement.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The Corporation may from time to time during the 25-month period that this Prospectus, including any amendments thereto, remains valid, offer for sale and issue up to an aggregate of $100,000,000 in Securities hereunder. To the extent there are any Secondary Offerings, the aggregate amount of Securities that may be offered and sold by the Corporation hereunder shall be reduced by the aggregate amount of such Secondary Offerings.

The Corporation may offer and sell the Securities to or through underwriters or dealers purchasing as principals and may also sell directly to one or more purchasers or through agents or pursuant to applicable statutory exemptions. The Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering of Securities will identify each underwriter, dealer or agent, as the case may be, engaged by the Corporation in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities, the Selling Shareholders, if any, and will set forth the terms of the offering of such Securities, including, to the extent applicable, any fees, discounts or any other compensation payable to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering, the method of distribution of the Securities, the initial issue price, the proceeds that the Corporation will receive and any other material terms of the plan of distribution. Any initial offering price and discounts, concessions or commissions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.

Similarly, one or more Selling Shareholders may sell Common Shares to or through underwriters or dealers purchasing as principals and may also sell the Common Shares to one or more purchasers directly, through statutory exemptions, or through agents designated from time to time. See “Selling Shareholders”.

In addition, Securities may be offered and issued in consideration for the acquisition of other businesses, assets or securities by the Corporation or one of its subsidiaries. The consideration for any such acquisition may consist of the Securities separately, a combination of Securities or any combination of, among other things, Securities, cash and assumption of liabilities.

Securities may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices or at prices which may be changed or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing prices or at negotiated prices. The price at which the Securities will be offered and sold may vary from purchaser to purchaser and during the period of distribution.

In connection with the sale of the Securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation from the Corporation or from other parties, including in the form of underwriters’, dealers’ or agents’ fees, commissions or concessions. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the Securities may be

 

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deemed to be underwriters for the purposes of applicable Canadian securities legislation and any such compensation received by them from the Corporation and any profit on the resale of the Securities by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions.

In connection with any offering of Securities (other than an ATM Distribution), except as otherwise set out in a Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering of Securities, the underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be, may over-allot or effect transactions intended to fix, stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the Securities at a level other than those which otherwise might prevail on the open market. Such transactions may be commenced, interrupted or discontinued at any time. No underwriter, dealer or agent involved in an ATM Distribution of any of the Securities under a Prospectus Supplement, and no affiliate of any such underwriter, dealer or agent, and no person acting jointly or in concert with any such underwriter, dealer or agent, will over-allot any Securities in connection with their distribution or effect any other transaction that is intended to stabilize or maintain the market price of the Securities being distributed.

Underwriters, dealers or agents who participate in the distribution of the Securities may be entitled, under agreements to be entered into with the Corporation, to indemnification by the Corporation against certain liabilities, including liabilities under Canadian securities legislation and the U.S. Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments which such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. Such underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, the Corporation in the ordinary course of business.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, each series or issue of Securities (other than Common Shares) will be a new issue of Securities with no established trading market. Accordingly, there is currently no market through which the Securities (other than Common Shares) may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell such Securities purchased under this Prospectus. This may affect the pricing of such Securities in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of such Securities and the extent of issuer regulation. See “Risk Factors”.

This Prospectus constitutes a public offering of these Securities only in those jurisdictions where they may be lawfully offered for sale and therein only by persons permitted to sell such Securities.

EARNINGS COVERAGE RATIO

Earnings coverage ratios will be provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement relating to any offering of Debt Securities having a term to maturity in excess of one year, as required by applicable securities laws.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

Description of Common Shares

VERY GOOD is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares. As at the date of this Prospectus, there were 104,453,964 Common Shares issued and outstanding. Each Common Share carries the right to one vote. Holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive any dividends declared by the board of directors of the Corporation in respect of the Common Shares. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, holders of Common Shares are also entitled to receive, on a pro rata basis, the remaining property and assets of the Corporation available for distribution after payment of all its liabilities.

The outstanding Common Shares are listed on the TSXV under the trading symbol “VERY.V”, on the OTCQB under the trading symbol “VRYYF” and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “OSI”. The Corporation has also applied to list the Common Shares on Nasdaq under the symbol “VGFC”. The listing of the Common Shares on Nasdaq is dependent upon satisfaction of all necessary listing requirements.

 

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Description of Warrants

In this section, the term “Corporation” refers only to The Very Good Food Company Inc. without the subsidiaries through which it operates. The following description of Warrants sets forth certain general terms and provisions of Warrants that may be offered under this Prospectus and in respect of which a Prospectus Supplement may be filed. The Corporation will provide particular terms and provisions of a series of Warrants and a description of how the general terms and provisions described below may apply to that series in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series. Prospective investors should rely on information in the applicable Prospectus Supplement if it is different from the following information.

Warrants will be issued under one or more indentures (each, a “Warrant Indenture”), in each case between the Corporation and an appropriately qualified institution authorized to carry on business as a warrant agent (each, a “Warrant Agent”). The description below is not exhaustive and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the detailed provisions of the applicable Warrant Indenture. Accordingly, reference should also be made to the applicable Warrant Indenture, a copy of which will be filed by the Corporation with applicable provincial and territorial securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into, and will be available electronically on SEDAR under the profile of the Corporation which can be accessed at www.sedar.com, and will also be filed by post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the U.S. Exchange Act.

Warrants may be offered separately or in combination with one or more other Securities.

A Prospectus Supplement relating to Warrants will describe the terms of the Warrants being offered including, where applicable, the following:

 

   

the designation of the Warrants;

 

   

the aggregate number of Warrants offered and the offering price;

 

   

the designation, number and terms of the Common Shares or other Securities purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants, and procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers;

 

   

the exercise price of the Warrants;

 

   

the dates or periods during which the Warrants are exercisable;

 

   

the designation and terms of any Securities with which the Warrants are issued;

 

   

if the Warrants are issued as a Unit with another Security, the date on and after which the Warrants and the other Security will be separately transferable;

 

   

the currency or currency unit in which the exercise price is denominated;

 

   

any minimum or maximum amount of Warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

 

   

whether such Warrants will be listed on any securities exchange;

 

   

any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the Warrants;

 

   

the identity of the Trustee under the applicable Warrant Indenture pursuant to which the Warrants are to be issued;

 

   

whether the Warrants are to be issued in registered form or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities, and the basis of exchange, transfer and ownership thereof;

 

   

provisions applicable to amendment of the Warrant Indenture; and

 

   

any other material terms, conditions or other provisions (including covenants) applicable to the Warrants.

 

 

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A Prospectus Supplement may include specific variable terms pertaining to the Warrants that are not within the alternatives and parameters described in this Prospectus.

Warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new warrant certificates of different denominations at the office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement. Prior to the exercise of their Warrants, holders of Warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the Securities subject to the Warrants.

Description of Debt Securities

In this section, the term “Corporation” refers only to The Very Good Food Company Inc. without the subsidiaries through which it operates. The following description of Debt Securities sets forth certain general terms and provisions of Debt Securities that may be offered under this Prospectus and in respect of which a Prospectus Supplement may be filed. The Corporation will provide particular terms and provisions of a series of Debt Securities and a description of how the general terms and provisions described below may apply to that series in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series. Prospective investors should rely on information in the applicable Prospectus Supplement if it is different from the following information.

Debt Securities will be issued under one or more indentures (each, a “Debt Indenture”), in each case between the Corporation and one or more appropriately qualified financial institutions authorized to carry on business as a trustee in Canada and/or the United States, as may be required by applicable securities laws (each, a “Trustee”). The description below is not exhaustive and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the detailed provisions of the applicable Debt Indenture. Accordingly, reference should also be made to the applicable Debt Indenture, a form of which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. A copy of the final, fully executed Debt Indenture, together with any supplemental indenture and/or the form of note for any Debt Securities offered hereunder, will be filed by the Corporation with applicable provincial and territorial securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into, and will be available electronically on SEDAR under the profile of the Corporation which can be accessed at www.sedar.com, and will also be filed by post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the U.S. Exchange Act.

Debt Securities may be offered separately or in combination with one or more other Securities. The Corporation may also, from time to time, issue Debt Securities and incur additional indebtedness other than pursuant to Debt Securities issued under this Prospectus.

Debt Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Corporation may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the Debt Securities of any series and, unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, a series of Debt Securities may be reopened for issuance of additional Debt Securities of that series.

A Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular series of Debt Securities will describe the terms of the Debt Securities being offered including, where applicable, the following:

 

   

the specific designation and any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities;

 

   

the currency or currency units for which the Debt Securities may be purchased and in which the principal and any premium or interest is payable (in either case, if other than Canadian dollars);

 

   

the offering price (at par, at a discount or at a premium) of the Debt Securities;

 

   

the date(s) on which the Debt Securities will be issued and delivered;

 

   

the date(s) on which the Debt Securities will mature, including any provision for the extension of a maturity date, or the method of determining such date(s);

 

   

the rate(s) per annum (either fixed or floating) at which the Debt Securities will bear interest (if any) and, if floating, the method of determining such rate(s);

 

 

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the date(s) from which any interest obligation will accrue and on which interest will be payable, and the record date(s) for the payment of interest or the method of determining such date(s);

 

   

if applicable, the provisions for subordination of the Debt Securities to other indebtedness of the Corporation;

 

   

the identity of the Trustee(s) under the applicable Debt Indenture pursuant to which the Debt Securities are to be issued;

 

   

any redemption terms, or terms under which the Debt Securities may be defeased prior to maturity;

 

   

any repayment or sinking fund provisions;

 

   

any events of default applicable to the Debt Securities;

 

   

whether the Debt Securities are to be issued in registered form or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities, and the basis of exchange, transfer and ownership thereof;

 

   

any exchange or conversion terms;

 

   

if applicable, the ability of the Corporation to satisfy all or a portion of any redemption of the Debt Securities, payment of any premium or interest thereon, or repayment of the principal owing upon the maturity through the issuance of securities of the Corporation or of any other entity, and any restrictions on the persons to whom such securities may be issued;

 

   

provisions applicable to amendment of the Debt Indenture; and

 

   

any other material terms, conditions or other provisions (including covenants) applicable to the Debt Securities.

A Prospectus Supplement may include specific variable terms pertaining to the Debt Securities that are not within the alternatives and parameters described in this Prospectus.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Debt Securities will be direct unsecured obligations of the Corporation. The Debt Securities will be senior or subordinated indebtedness of the Corporation as described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. If the Debt Securities are senior indebtedness, they will rank equally and rateably with all other unsecured indebtedness of the Corporation from time to time issued and outstanding which is not subordinated. If the Debt Securities are subordinated indebtedness, they will be subordinated to senior indebtedness of the Corporation as described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, and they will rank equally and rateably with other subordinated indebtedness of the Corporation from time to time issued and outstanding as described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The Corporation reserves the right to specify in a Prospectus Supplement whether a particular series of subordinated Debt Securities is subordinated to any other series of subordinated Debt Securities.

Description of Subscription Receipts

Subscription Receipts may be offered separately or together with Securities. The Subscription Receipts will be issued under one or more subscription receipt agreements that will be entered into by the Corporation and an escrow agent at the time of issuance of the Subscription Receipts.

A Subscription Receipt will entitle the holder thereof to receive a Common Share and/or other Securities, for no additional consideration, upon the completion of a particular transaction or event, typically an acquisition of the assets or securities of another entity by the Corporation or one or more of its subsidiaries. The subscription proceeds from an offering of Subscription Receipts will be held in escrow by an escrow agent pending the completion of a transaction or the termination time (the time at which the escrow terminates regardless of whether the transaction or event has occurred). Holders of Subscription Receipts will receive Common Shares and/or other Securities upon the completion of the particular transaction or event or, if the transaction or event

 

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does not occur by the termination time, a return of the subscription funds for their Subscription Receipts together with any interest or other income earned thereon. Holders of Subscription Receipts are not shareholders of the Corporation.

The particular terms and provisions of Subscription Receipts offered by any Prospectus Supplement, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to them, will be described in the Prospectus Supplement filed in respect of such Subscription Receipts. In addition, a copy of the subscription receipt agreement for any offerings of Subscription Receipts will be filed by the Corporation with applicable provincial and territorial securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into, and will be available electronically on SEDAR under the profile of the Corporation which can be accessed at www.sedar.com, and will also be filed by post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the U.S. Exchange Act.

In the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the description of Subscription Receipts will include, where applicable:

 

   

the number of Subscription Receipts offered;

 

   

the price at which the Subscription Receipts will be offered;

 

   

the terms, conditions and procedures pursuant to which the holders of Subscription Receipts will become entitled to receive Common Shares and/or other Securities;

 

   

the number of Common Shares and/or other Securities that may be obtained upon exercise of each Subscription Receipt;

 

   

the designation and terms of any other Securities with which the Subscription Receipts will be offered, if any, and the number of Subscription Receipts that will be offered with each such Security;

 

   

the terms relating to the holding and release of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Subscription Receipts plus any interest and income earned thereon;

 

   

the material income tax consequences of owning, holding and disposing of the Subscription Receipts; and

 

   

any other material terms and conditions of the Subscription Receipts including, without limitation, transferability and adjustment terms and whether the Subscription Receipts will be listed on a stock exchange.

Description of Units

The Corporation may issue Units comprised of one or more of the other Securities. Each Unit will be issued so that the holder of the Unit is also the holder of each Security included in the Unit. Thus, the holder of a Unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included Security. A unit agreement, if any, under which a Unit is issued may provide that the Securities included in the Unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date. A copy of any unit agreement for offerings of Units will be filed by the Corporation with applicable provincial and territorial securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into, and will be available electronically on SEDAR under the profile of the Corporation which can be accessed at www.sedar.com, and will also be filed by post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the U.S. Exchange Act.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of the Units. The description will include, where applicable:

 

   

the designation of the Units and of the Securities comprising the Units;

 

   

the aggregated number of Units offered;

 

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the price at which the Units will be offered;

 

   

the currency or currencies in which the Units will be offered;

 

   

any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the Units or of the Securities comprising the Units;

 

   

whether the Units and the securities comprising the Units are to be issued in registered form, “book-entry only” form, non-certificated inventory system form, bearer form or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities and the basis of exchange, transfer and ownership thereof; and

 

   

any other material terms or conditions of the Units.

TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME

The Common Shares are listed for trading on the TSXV under the symbol “VERY.V”. The Common Shares were initially listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “CSE”) on June 16, 2020 until March 16, 2021 and thereafter on the TSXV, where the Common Shares commenced trading on March 17, 2021. The following table shows the monthly range of high and low prices per Common Share at the close of market on the CSE, as well as total monthly volumes of the Common Shares traded on the CSE for the periods indicated to the date the Common Shares were delisted from the CSE:

 

Month

   High($)      Low($)      Volume  

August 2020

     1.68        1.11        8,095,762  

September 2020

     1.92        1.40        7,188,511  

October 2020

     3.47        1.51        20,693,763  

November 2020

     7.60        3.16        40,170,813  

December 2020

     9.50        5.83        23,092,412  

January 2021

     8.87        5.27        8,707,019  

February 2021

     7.28        5.06        5,723,822  

March 1 – 16, 2021

     6.17        4.42        2,407,694  

The following table shows the monthly range of high and low prices per Common Share at the close of market on the TSXV, as well as total monthly volumes of the Common Shares traded on the TSXV from the date of listing until the date of this Prospectus:

 

Month

   High($)      Low($)      Volume  

March 17 - 31, 2021

     6.00        4.45        2,297,839  

April 2021

     5.56        4.40        2,181,353  

May 2021

     4.98        3.50        2,485,373  

June 2021

     4.72        3.53        3,220,754  

July 2021

     3.94        2.80        3,589,384  

August 2021

     3.34        2.70        3,219,763  

September 2021

     3.08        2.32        2,235,384  

The Corporation has also applied to list the Common Shares on Nasdaq under the symbol “VGFC”. The listing of the Common Shares on Nasdaq is dependent upon satisfaction of all necessary listing requirements.

 

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PRIOR SALES

The following table summarizes all the Corporation’s issuances of Common Shares in the 12-month period preceding the date of this Prospectus:

 

Date of Issuance

   Number of Common Shares     Issuance Price Per Common
Share
 

October 7, 2020

     4,500 (2)    $ 0.25  

October 20, 2020

     50,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

October 22, 2020

     54,830 (2)    $ 2.00  

October 22, 2020

     496,396 (2)    $ 0.25  

October 22, 2020

     26,000 (4)    $ 1.30  

October 22, 2020

     11,523 (1)    $ 1.44  

October 22, 2020

     47,866 (3)    $ 2.13  

October 23, 2020

     203,750 (2)    $ 2.00  

October 23, 2020

     30,000 (4)    $ 1.30  

October 23, 2020

     28,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

October 23, 2020

     160,500 (2)    $ 0.25  

October 26, 2020

     13,350 (2)    $ 2.00  

October 27, 2020

     150,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

October 29, 2020

     139,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

October 29, 2020

     12,500 (2)    $ 0.25  

October 30, 2020

     53,096 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 2, 2020

     110,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 3, 2020

     54,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 4, 2020

     336,515 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 5, 2020

     547,903 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 6, 2020

     75,384 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 9, 2020

     19,185 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 10, 2020

     475 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 10, 2020

     761,544 (2)    $ 0.25  

November 10, 2020

     1,710 (4)    $ 1.30  

November 10, 2020

     4,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 11, 2020

     172,750 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 13, 2020

     8,550 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 16, 2020

     26,250 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 17, 2020

     16,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 20, 2020

     15,750 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 20, 2020

     320,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

November 24, 2020

     3,300 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 25, 2020

     33,334 (2)    $ 0.30  

November 26, 2020

     58,846 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 26, 2020

     342,276 (4)    $ 1.30  

November 30, 2020

     13,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 1, 2020

     4,417 (1)    $ 3.69  

December 1, 2020

     39,900 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 2, 2020

     157,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 3, 2020

     98,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 4, 2020

     25,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 7, 2020

     1,675,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

December 7, 2020

     40,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 8, 2020

     440 (2)    $ 0.25  

 

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Date of Issuance

   Number of Common Shares     Issuance Price Per Common
Share
 

December 8, 2020

     211,138 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 8, 2020

     16,667 (2)    $ 1.74  

December 8, 2020

     6,900 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 9, 2020

     7,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 9, 2020

     90,100 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 10, 2020

     2,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 10, 2020

     74,950 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 11, 2020

     57,900 (4)    $ 1.30  

December 11, 2020

     1,153 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 11, 2020

     86,550 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 14, 2020

     3,950 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 15, 2020

     6,710 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 15, 2020

     24,875 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 16, 2020

     100,105 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 16, 2020

     3,750 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 17, 2020

     4,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 18, 2020

     6,800 (4)    $ 1.30  

December 18, 2020

     70,500 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 18, 2020

     2,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 21, 2020

     86,250 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 21, 2020

     1,400 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 21, 2020

     10,500 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 22, 2020

     1,500 (2)    $ 4.50  

December 22, 2020

     1,520 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 24, 2020

     100,002 (2)    $ 0.30  

December 24, 2020

     10,000 (4)    $ 1.30  

December 29, 2020

     25,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

December 30, 2020

     1,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 31, 2020

     1,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 5, 2021

     15,000 (4)    $ 1.30  

January 5, 2021

     10,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 7, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 8, 2021

     2,000 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 11, 2021

     9,000 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 13, 2021

     2,250 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 13, 2021

     1,500 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 13, 2021

     238,867 (4)    $ 3.50  

January 15, 2021

     72,000 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 18, 2021

     1,900 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 20, 2021

     20,000 (4)    $ 1.30  

January 21, 2021

     1,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 27, 2021

     150 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 28, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 29, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 29, 2021

     80,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

February 2, 2021

     5,452 (1)    $ 7.02  

February 2, 2021

     6,834 (1)    $ 5.59  

February 8, 2021

     2,500 (2)    $ 4.50  

February 11, 2021

     5,750 (2)    $ 4.50  

February 17, 2021

     200 (2)    $ 4.50  

 

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Date of Issuance

   Number of Common Shares     Issuance Price Per Common
Share
 

February 18, 2021

     3,500 (2)    $ 4.50  

February 18, 2021

     25,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

February 23, 2021

     139,676 (5)    $ 5.66  

March 1, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

March 3, 2021

     6,292 (1)    $ 6.09  

March 9, 2021

     9,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

March 11, 2021

     62,329 (5)    $ 5.87  

March 15, 2021

     134,433 (2)    $ 4.50  

March 15, 2021

     2,500 (2)    $ 0.25  

March 15, 2021

     7,240 (1)    $ 5.26  

March 15, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

March 16, 2021

     16,667 (2)    $ 1.74  

March 18, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 4.50  

March 19, 2021

     5,000 (2)    $ 4.50  

March 29, 2021

     20,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

April 16, 2021

     15,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

April 20, 2021

     8,485 (1)    $ 4.45  

April 29, 2021

     1,900 (2)    $ 2.00  

May 12, 2021

     8,391 (1)    $ 4.39  

May 26, 2021

     3,900 (2)    $ 2.00  

June 17, 2021

     6,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

June 29, 2021

     3,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

July 13, 2021

     50,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

July 13, 2021

     16,666 (2)    $ 1.74  

July 26, 2021

     2,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

July 28, 2021

     18,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

August 4, 2021

     1,900 (2)    $ 2.00  

August 5, 2021

     60,000 (2)    $ 1.51  

August 5, 2021

     45,000 (2)    $ 1.60  

August 9, 2021

     1,500 (2)    $ 0.25  

August 26, 2021

     10,000 (2)    $ 1.31  

August 30, 2021

     10,000 (2)    $ 1.31  

September 27, 2021

     3,000 (2)    $ 0.25  

Notes:

 

(1)

Represents Common Shares issued as compensation for services provided by a marketing services provider.

(2)

Represents an exercise of warrants or Options.

(3)

Represents Common Shares issued pursuant to a debt settlement agreement with a marketing services provider.

(4)

Represents an exercise of compensation warrants.

(5)

Represents Common Shares issued to the vendors of The Cultured Nut Inc. and Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc. pursuant to the terms of the transaction agreements.

 

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The following table summarizes all the Corporation’s issuances of Options under its stock option plan in the 12-month period preceding the date of this Prospectus:

 

Date of Issuance

   Number of Options      Exercise Price Per Option  

October 7, 2020

     100,000      $ 1.60  

October 13, 2020

     50,000      $ 1.74  

November 24, 2020

     522,300      $ 4.65  

December 5, 2020

     150,000      $ 8.86  

December 7, 2020

     5,000      $ 9.07  

January 4, 2021

     1,155,000      $ 6.21  

January 26, 2021

     60,000      $ 7.10  

January 29, 2021

     3,255,000      $ 7.03  

February 16, 2021

     75,000      $ 6.73  

March 8, 2021

     35,000      $ 5.72  

July 15, 2021

     685,625      $ 3.70  

The following table summarizes all the Corporation’s issuances of warrants in the 12-month period preceding the date of this Prospectus:

 

Date of Issuance

   Number of Warrants     Exercise Price Per Warrant  

October 6, 2020

     60,000 (1)    $ 1.51  

October 23, 2020

     28,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 4, 2020

     855 (2)    $ 2.00  

November 27, 2020

     171,138 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 4, 2020

     296,308 (3)    $ 3.50  

December 11, 2020

     28,950 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 18, 2020

     3,400 (2)    $ 2.00  

December 21, 2020

     60,000 (1)    $ 7.60  

December 24, 2020

     5,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 5, 2021

     7,500 (2)    $ 2.00  

January 13, 2021

     119,434 (2)    $ 4.50  

January 20, 2021

     10,000 (2)    $ 2.00  

June 7, 2021

     225,000 (4)    $ 5.62  

July 2, 2021

     391,632 (5)    $ 3.70  

Notes:

 

(1)

Represents warrants issued to Brian Greenleaf, the Corporation’s former Chief Operating Officer, as compensation for his services to the Corporation. The warrants expire 12 months from their issuance.

(2)

Represents an exercise of compensation warrants in accordance with their terms.

(3)

Represents compensation warrants issued as compensation to Canaccord Genuity Corp. (“Canaccord”) as the underwriter for the prospectus offering of 3,778,900 units of the Corporation for gross proceeds of $13,226,150 (the “December Offering”), with each compensation warrant being exercisable for one additional unit at an exercise price of $3.50 until June 4, 2022. Each unit issuable pursuant to exercise of a compensation warrant consists of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

(4)

Represents 225,000 warrants issued to Waygar Capital Inc. as compensation for services as lender for the Credit Facility, with each warrant being exercisable for one Common Share at a price of $5.62 until June 7, 2026.

(5)

Represents compensation warrants issued as compensation to Canaccord as the underwriter for the prospectus offering of 5,594,750 units of the Corporation for gross proceeds of $20,700,575 (the “July Offering”), with each compensation warrant being exercisable for one additional unit at an exercise price of $3.70 until January 2, 2023. Each unit issuable pursuant to exercise of a compensation warrant consists of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.60 until January 2, 2023.

 

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The following table summarizes all the Corporation’s issuances of units of the Corporation containing Common Shares in the 12-month period preceding the date of this Prospectus:

 

Date of Issuance

   Number of Units Issued     Issuance Price Per Unit
Security
 

December 4, 2020

     3,778,900 (1)    $ 3.50  

December 4, 2020

     30,000 (2)    $ 8.86  

December 4, 2020

     285,714 (3)    $ 3.50  

July 2, 2021

     5,594,750 (4)    $ 3.70  

July 2, 2021

     30,000 (5)    $ 3.82  

Notes:

 

(1)

Represents units issued pursuant to the December Offering. Each unit consists of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

(2)

Represents corporate finance fee units issued as compensation to Canaccord as the underwriter for the December Offering, with each corporate finance fee consisting of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

(3)

Represents units issued pursuant to the Corporation’s private placement that closed on December 4, 2020. Each unit consists of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

(4)

Represents units issued pursuant to the July Offering. Each unit consists of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.60 until January 2, 2023.

(5)

Represents corporate finance fee units issued as compensation to Canaccord as the underwriter for the July Offering, with each corporate finance fee consisting of one Common Share and one-half of one warrant with each whole warrant being exercisable for one additional Common Share at an exercise price of $4.60 until January 2, 2023.

CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe certain material Canadian federal income tax consequences to an investor of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of any Securities offered thereunder. The applicable Prospectus Supplement may also describe certain United States federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of any Securities offered thereunder by an investor who is a United States person.

RISK FACTORS

Before deciding to invest in any Securities, prospective purchasers in the Securities should consider carefully the risk factors and the other information contained and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement relating to a specific offering of Securities before purchasing the Securities. An investment in the Securities offered hereunder is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. Information regarding the risks affecting the Corporation and its business is provided in the documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. Additional risks and uncertainties not known to the Corporation or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair the Corporation’s business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. See “Documents Incorporated by Reference”.

 

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Negative Cash Flow from Operations

The Corporation had a negative operating cash flow for the financial years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. To the extent that the Corporation has negative cash flow in any future period, the Corporation will use net proceeds from a particular offering of Securities to fund such negative cash flow from operating activities. In order to stay in business, in the absence of cash flow from operations, the Corporation will have to raise funding through financing activities. However, there is no certainty the Corporation will be able to raise funds at all or on terms acceptable to the Corporation in the event it needs to do so. Furthermore, additional funds raised by the Corporation through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities would cause the Corporation’s current shareholders to experience dilution.

COVID-19

Along with businesses globally, VERY GOOD is subject to the continuing risk that COVID-19, and its current and/or any future variants, may impact its results of operations or financial condition through disruptions to its operations including as a result of temporary production suspensions at its production facilities, production ramp-up delays at its Rupert and Patterson facilities, interruptions in its supply chain and distribution network, construction delays for its Mount Pleasant flagship store and proposed innovation centre, and, with respect to its Victoria flagship store, delays in its opening or the impact of new indoor dining restrictions.

VERY GOOD continues to utilize and refine its safety protocols to ensure the health and wellness of its employees which include the use of personal protective equipment and physical distancing initiatives to reduce risk within its facilities and mitigate the direct impacts of COVID-19. However, during the second quarter ended June 30, 2021, VERY GOOD’s operations were affected by indirect impacts of the pandemic through delays in the delivery of production equipment as well as a tightening of the local labour markets in the areas surrounding its Rupert and Patterson facilities which made it more challenging to secure the personnel needed to staff up operations. Taken together these developments, if prolonged, may slow VERY GOOD’s targeted ramp-up.

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on future periods will depend on future developments, all which are uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the duration or resurgence of the pandemic, government responses and health and safety measures or directives put in place by public health authorities, and sustained pressure on global supply chains causing supply and demand imbalances. Overall, the ongoing effects of COVID-19 could have a material adverse impact on VERY GOOD’s business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows and may adversely impact the price of the Common Shares.

Discretion Over Use of Proceeds

The Corporation intends to allocate the net proceeds it will receive from an offering under this Prospectus as described under “Use of Proceeds” in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement; however, the Corporation will have discretion in the actual application of the net proceeds. The Corporation may elect to allocate the net proceeds differently from that described in “Use of Proceeds” in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement if the Corporation believes it would be in the Corporation’s best interests to do so. The failure by the Corporation to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on the business of the Corporation.

Foreign Private Issuer Status

The Corporation is a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws, and is, therefore, not subject to the same requirements that are imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC and Nasdaq. Under the U.S. Exchange Act, the Corporation is subject to reporting obligations that, in certain respects, are less detailed and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a result, the Corporation does not file the same reports that a U.S. domestic issuer would file with the SEC. In addition, the Corporation’s officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions of

 

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Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act. Therefore, the Corporation’s shareholders may not know on as timely a basis when the Corporation’s officers, directors and principal shareholders purchase or sell Common Shares, as the reporting periods under the corresponding Canadian insider reporting requirements are longer. Moreover, as a foreign private issuer, the Corporation is exempt from the rules and regulations under the U.S. Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements for annual meetings and other events requiring the solicitation of a shareholder vote.

In addition, as a foreign private issuer, the Corporation is permitted to follow certain Canadian corporate governance practices in lieu of those required by Nasdaq listing rules. In particular, the Corporation’s articles provide a minimum quorum requirement of 5% which is less than the Nasdaq’s minimum requirement of at least 33 1/3% of the outstanding Common Shares. The Corporation is also not required under applicable Canadian law or the rules of the TSXV to have a majority independent board of directors, provided that the Corporation has at least two independent directors. As a foreign private issuer, the Corporation intends to follow Canadian corporate governance practices in lieu of the Nasdaq requirement to have a majority independent board. As a result, the Corporation’s shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of U.S. domestic companies that are subject to all U.S. corporate governance requirements.

Also, as a foreign private issuer, the Corporation intends to follow the listing rules of the TSXV in respect of private placements instead of the requirements of the Nasdaq to obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events (such as issuances that will result in a change of control, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or greater interest in the Corporation and certain acquisitions of the shares or assets of another company).

LEGAL MATTERS

There are no legal proceedings that the Corporation is or was a party to, or that any of its property is or was a subject of, that were or are material to the Corporation, nor are any such legal proceedings known to the Corporation to be contemplated which could be deemed material to the Corporation.

To the knowledge of management of the Corporation, there have not been any penalties or sanctions imposed against the Corporation by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority, nor have there been any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body against the Corporation that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision, and the Corporation has not entered into any settlement agreement before a court relating to securities legislation or with a securities regulatory authority.

INTEREST OF EXPERTS

Certain legal matters relating to the offering of the Securities hereunder will be passed upon by Torys LLP on behalf of the Corporation. As at the date hereof, the partners and associates of Torys LLP and its designated professionals, as a group, beneficially own, directly or indirectly, less than 1% of the outstanding Common Shares.

AUDITORS, TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

The auditor of the Corporation is KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants of Vancouver, British Columbia. KPMG LLP has confirmed with respect to the Corporation that they are independent within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulations and also are independent accountants with respect to the Corporation under all relevant U.S. professional and regulatory standards. KPMG LLP was first appointed as auditor of the Corporation on December 16, 2020.

 

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DMCL, Chartered Professional Accountants, are the former auditors of the Corporation and have confirmed that they are independent with respect to the Corporation within the meaning of the Code of Professional Conduct of the Institute of Chartered Professional Accountants of British Columbia.

The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its principal office in Vancouver, British Columbia.

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

The Corporation is governed by the laws of British Columbia and its principal place of business is outside the United States. The majority of the directors and officers of the Corporation and the experts named herein are resident outside of the United States and a substantial portion of the Corporation’s assets and the assets of such persons are located outside of the United States. Consequently, it may be difficult for United States purchasers to effect service of process within the United States on the Corporation, its directors or officers or such experts, or to realize in the United States on judgments of courts of the United States predicated on civil liabilities under the U.S. Securities Act. Purchasers should not assume that Canadian courts would enforce judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against the Corporation or such persons predicated on the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws or the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state within the United States or would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against the Corporation or such persons predicated on the United States federal securities or any such state securities or “blue sky” laws.

The Corporation filed with the SEC, concurrently with the Registration Statement, an appointment of agent for service of process on Form F-X. Under the Form F-X, the Corporation appointed VGFC Holdings LLC as its agent for service of process in the United States in connection with any investigation or administrative proceeding conducted by the SEC, and any civil suit or action brought against or involving the Corporation in a United States court, arising out of or related to or concerning the offering of Securities under the Registration Statement.

PROMOTERS

Mitchell Scott and James Davison founded the Corporation and, accordingly, may be considered to be a “Promoter” of VERY GOOD within the meaning of applicable securities legislation in British Columbia. As of the date of this Prospectus, Mitchell Scott beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 13,924,533 Common Shares (representing approximately 13.5% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Prospectus), 900,000 Options at an exercise price of $0.25 per Common Share until December 31, 2024 (450,000 Options) and January 1, 2025 (450,000 Options) and 525,000 Options at an exercise price of $7.03 per Common Share until January 29, 2026. James Davison beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 12,640,000 Common Shares (representing approximately 12.2% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Prospectus), 900,000 Options at an exercise price of $0.25 per Common Share until December 31, 2024 (450,000 Options) and January 1, 2025 (450,000 Options) and 525,000 Options at an exercise price of $7.03 per Common Share until January 29, 2026. See “Director and Named Executive Officer Compensation” in the Management Circular for disclosure regarding the compensation paid by the Corporation to each of Mitchell Scott and James Davison.

 

- 23 -


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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED

TO OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “BCBCA”), the Registrant may indemnify a present or former director or officer of the Registrant, a director or officer of another corporation that at the time the corporation is or was an affiliate of the Registrant or who, at the request of the Registrant, is or was a director or officer or holds a position equivalent to that of, a director or officer of a corporation, partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity, against all costs, charges and expenses, including legal and other fees, as well as any judgments, penalties, fines or amounts paid to settle a legal proceeding or investigative action, incurred by the individual in respect of any legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, threatened, pending or completed, in which the individual is involved because of that association with the Registrant or other entity. The Registrant may not indemnify such an individual if the indemnity or payment is prohibited by the Registrants memorandum of articles and unless the individual acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Registrant, or, as the case may be, to the best interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as a director or officer or in a similar capacity at the Registrant’s request and in the case of a proceeding other than a civil proceeding the individual had reasonable grounds for believing that the individual’s conduct was lawful. The Registrant may advance moneys reasonably incurred to an individual described above for the costs, charges and expenses, including legal and other fees, of a proceeding described above; however, the individual shall provide the Registrant with a written undertaking that should the payment of costs, charges and expenses of a proceeding be determined to be prohibited under the BCBCA, the individual shall repay the moneys.

The articles of the Registrant provide that, the Registrant shall indemnify a director or former director of the Registrant and their heirs and legal representatives against all costs, charges and expenses, including legal and other fees, as well as any judgments, penalties, fines or amounts paid to settle a legal proceeding or investigative action, incurred by the individual in respect of any legal proceeding or investigative action. The articles of the Registrant also provide that the Registrant may purchase and maintain such insurance for the benefit of a director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant, a former director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant, an individual who at the request of the Registrant is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation or of a partnership, joint venture or other unincorporated entity or an individual who at the request of the Registrant holds or held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of a partnership, joint venture or other unincorporated entity, against any liability incurred by the individual, in the individual’s capacity set forth in this paragraph.

The Registrant maintains directors’ and officers’ liability insurance which insures directors and officers for losses as a result of claims against the directors and officers of the Registrant in their capacity as directors and officers and also reimburse the registrant for payments made pursuant to the indemnity provisions under the articles of the Registrant and the BCBCA.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is therefore unenforceable.


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EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit
No.

  

Description

4.1    Audited annual consolidated financial statements of the Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Corporation”) as at December  31, 2020 and 2019, together with the independent auditor’s report thereon and the notes thereto
4.2    Independent auditor’s report on the audited consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries as at December 31, 2019 and 2018
4.3    Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
4.4    Annual information form of the Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2020
4.5    Unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, together with the notes thereto
4.6    Management’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020
4.7    Management information circular dated May 25, 2021 prepared in connection with the annual and special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation held on June 29, 2021
5.1    Consent of KPMG LLP
5.2    Consent of DMCL LLP
5.3    Consent of Torys LLP
6.1    Powers of Attorney (included on the signature pages of the Registration Statement).
7.1    Form of Indenture


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PART III

UNDERTAKING AND CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS

ITEM 1. UNDERTAKING.

The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by SEC staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by SEC staff, information relating to the securities registered pursuant to this Registration Statement or to transactions in said securities.

ITEM 2. CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS.

Concurrently with the filing of this Registration Statement on Form F-10, the Registrant will file with the Commission an Appointment of Agent for Service of Process and Undertaking on Form F-X. Any non-U.S. person acting as trustee with respect to the debt securities registered hereunder will also file an Appointment of Agent for Service of Process and Undertaking on Form F-X in connection with an offering of securities hereunder.

Any change to the name or address of the agent for service of the Registrant (and, if applicable, any non-U.S. person acting as trustee with respect to the debt securities registered hereunder) shall be communicated promptly to the SEC by amendment of the Form F-X referencing the file number of this Registration Statement.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-10 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Vancouver, Province of British Columbia, Canada, on this 5th day of October, 2021.

 

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.
By:  

/s/ Mitchell Scott

  Name:   Mitchell Scott
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

POWERS OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints, as of the date hereof, Mitchell Scott, and Kamini Hitkari, and each of them, each of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Registration Statement on Form F-10 of The Very Good Food Company Inc. and any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) thereto and any new registration statement with respect to the offering contemplated thereby filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

This Power of Attorney may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but when taken together shall constitute one instrument.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on this 5th day of October, 2021.

 

Name

  

Title

/s/ Mitchell Scott        

   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Mitchell Scott        (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Kamini Hitkari        

   Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary
Kamini Hitkari        (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ James Davison        

   Chief Research & Development Officer and Director
James Davison       

/s/ William Tolany        

   Director
William Tolany       

/s/ Ana Silva        

   President and Director
Ana Silva       

/s/ Dela Salem        

   Director
Dela Salem       


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AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 6(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned has signed this Registration Statement, solely in the capacity of the duly authorized representative of The Very Good Food Company Inc. in the United States, on this 5th day of October, 2021.

 

VGFC HOLDINGS LLC
By:  

/s/ Mitchell Scott

  Name:   Mitchell Scott
  Title:   Manager

Exhibit 4.1

 

LOGO

The Very Good Food Company | 2020 Annual Report CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019 (Expressed in Canadian dollars)


LOGO

KPMG LLP

PO Box 10426 777 Dunsmuir Street

Vancouver BC V7Y 1K3

Canada

Telephone (604) 691-3000

Fax (604) 691-3031

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

To the Shareholders of The Very Good Food Company Inc.

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Entity”), which comprise:

 

 

the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2020

 

 

the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss, changes in equity (deficiency) and cash flows for the year then ended

 

 

and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies

(Hereinafter referred to as the “financial statements”).

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Entity as at December 31, 2020, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the “Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements” section of our auditors’ report.

We are independent of the Entity in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Canada and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.    

Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern

We draw attention to Note 1 in the financial statements which describes that the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern depends on future profitable operations, management’s ability to manage costs, and the raising of additional equity or debt.

As stated in Note 1 in the financial statements, these events or conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 1, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

Other Matter – Comparative Information

The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 were audited by another auditor who expressed an unmodified opinion on those financial statements on May 14, 2020.

 

 

 

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of

independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”),

a Swiss entity. KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.

 

1


LOGO    The Very Good Food Company Inc.

 

Other Information

Management is responsible for the other information. Other information comprises:

 

 

the information included in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions.

 

 

the information, other than the financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in a document entitled the “Annual Report”.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit and remain alert for indications that the other information appears to be materially misstated.

We obtained the information included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions and the information, other than the financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in a document entitled the “Annual Report” as at the date of this auditors’ report. If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in the auditors’ report.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Entity or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Entity’s financial reporting process.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

 

2


LOGO    The Very Good Food Company Inc.

 

We also:

 

 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

 

 

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Entity’s internal control.

 

 

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

 

 

Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Entity to cease to continue as a going concern.

 

 

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

 

 

Communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

 

 

Provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

 

 

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the group Entity to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this auditors’ report is Robert Ryan Owsnett

Vancouver, Canada

April 26, 2021

 

3


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

As at

   Notes      December 31, 2020     December 31, 2019  

Assets

 

Current assets

 

Cash and cash equivalents

      $ 25,084,083     $ 405,610  

Accounts receivable

     5        449,583       72,844  

Inventory

     6        1,195,535       55,923  

Prepaids and deposits

     7        1,887,035       82,653  

Due from related parties

     14        —         24,280  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

        28,616,236       641,310  

Right-of-use assets

     8        5,046,597       393,400  

Property and equipment

     9        740,728       309,509  

Deposits

     7, 24        779,036       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

      $ 35,182,597     $ 1,344,219  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficiency)

 

Current liabilities

       

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     10      $ 1,871,728     $ 232,306  

Deferred revenue

        102,239       7,576  

Current portion of lease liabilities

     11        146,935       135,325  

Loans payable and other financing

     12        —         31,181  

Current portion of convertible debentures

     13        —         329,099  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

        2,120,902       735,487  

Lease liabilities

     11        5,389,352       257,147  

Loan payable

     12        30,000       —    

Convertible debentures

     13        —         692,166  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

        7,540,254       1,684,800  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity (deficiency)

 

Share capital

     15        39,335,150       2,245,422  

Equity reserves

     16, 17        5,009,980       272,894  

Subscriptions received and receivable

     15        8,250       —    

Accumulated other comprehensive income

        6,660       —    

Deficit

        (16,717,697     (2,858,897
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity (deficiency)

        27,642,343       (340,581
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficiency)

      $ 35,182,597     $ 1,344,219  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nature and continuance of operations (Note 1)

Commitments (Notes 11 and 24)

Events after the reporting period (Note 27)

Approved and authorized for issue by Board of Directors on April 26, 2021

 

“Mitchell Scott”

   

“Dela Salem”

Director     Director

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

4


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

Consolidated Statements of Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

Years ended

   Notes      December 31, 2020     December 31, 2019  
                  (Reclassified – Note 3)  

Revenue

      $ 4,636,838     $ 999,797  

Procurement expense

     8,9,22        (3,809,732     (1,169,583

Fulfilment expense

     8,9,22        (1,907,621     (170,617

General and administrative expense

     8,9,22        (7,084,795     (1,622,541

Marketing and investor relations expense

     22        (3,243,210     (64,445

Research and development expense

     8,22        (477,750     (125,680
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

        (11,886,270     (2,153,069

Finance expense

     18        (1,842,853     (173,268

Other expense

     19        (129,677     (15,207
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

        (13,858,800     (2,341,544

Other comprehensive income

 

Foreign currency translation gain

        6,660       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

      $ (13,852,140   $ (2,341,544
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss per share – basic and diluted

      $ (0.21   $ (0.06
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic and diluted

        66,388,474       36,330,356  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

5


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Deficiency)

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

     Number of
common shares
     Share capital     Equity reserves     Share
subscriptions
received
(receivable)
    Accumulated other
comprehensive
income
     Deficit     Total
shareholders’
equity (deficiency)
 

Balance at January 1, 2019

     30,000,000      $ 83     $ —       $ —       $ —        $ (517,353)     $ (517,270

Issuance of units for cash

     12,332,002        1,849,800       —         —         —          —         1,849,800  

Issuance of units for services

     3,183,337        405,539       71,961       —         —          —         477,500  

Share issuance costs

     —          (10,000     —         —         —          —         (10,000

Share-based compensation

     —          —         200,933       —         —          —         200,933  

Net loss for the year

     —          —         —         —         —          (2,341,544     (2,341,544
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

     45,515,339        2,245,422       272,894       —         —          (2,858,897     (340,581

Issuance of common shares and units for cash

     26,808,076        26,887,650       —         —         —          —         26,887,650  

Issuance of common shares and units for finders’ fees

     432,000        332,910       134,190       —         —          —         467,100  

Share issuance costs

     —          (5,576,272     2,638,247       —         —          —         (2,938,025

Issuance of common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options

     2,358,167        989,522       (375,146     (6,250     —          —         608,126  

Issuance of common shares and units pursuant to the exercise of warrants

     13,369,876        11,680,958       (812,007     (5,000     —          —         10,863,951  

Issuance of common shares pursuant to the conversion of convertible debentures

     7,494,716        1,873,222       —         —         —          —         1,873,222  

Issuance of units for services

     166,670        21,241       3,760       —         —          —         25,001  

Issuance of common shares for services

     39,263        65,978       —         —         —          —         65,978  

Issuance of warrants for services

     —          —         367,554       —         —          —         367,554  

Issuance of common shares for debt settlement

     456,322        814,519       —         —         —          —         814,519  

Share-based compensation

     —          —         2,780,488       —         —          —         2,780,488  

Subscriptions received

     —          —         —         19,500       —          —         19,500  

Foreign currency translation gain

     —          —         —         —         6,660        —         6,660  

Rounding adjustment

     3        —         —         —         —          —         —    

Net loss for the year

     —          —         —         —         —          (13,858,800     (13,858,800
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2020

     96,640,432      $ 39,335,150     $ 5,009,980     $ 8,250     $ 6,660      $ (16,717,697   $ 27,642,343  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

6


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

Years ended

   December 31, 2020     December 31, 2019  

Operating activities

 

Net loss for the year

   $ (13,858,800   $ (2,341,544

Adjustments for non-cash items:

    

Finance expense

     1,842,853       173,268  

Depreciation

     425,276       161,583  

Lease concessions

     (16,800     —    

Loss on termination of lease

     7,533       —    

Share-based compensation

     2,780,488       200,933  

Shares, units and warrants issued for services

     458,533       477,500  

Impairment of property and equipment

     —         11,405  

Changes in non-cash working capital items:

    

Accounts receivable

     (376,739     (61,285

Inventory

     (1,120,057     (53,423

Prepaids and deposits

     (1,804,382     (64,439

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     1,882,671       47,608  

Deferred revenue

     94,663       7,576  

Due from related parties

     24,280       8,295  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities

     (9,660,481     (1,432,523
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities

 

Purchase of property and equipment

     (564,437     (281,921
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities

     (564,437     (281,921
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financing activities

 

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares and units for cash, net of issuance costs

     24,416,725       1,839,800  

Proceeds from the exercise of warrants

     10,863,951       —    

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options

     608,126       —    

Proceeds from subscriptions received

     19,500       —    

Proceeds from loans payable

     499,129       127,344  

Repayments of loans payable

     (490,309     (162,203

Proceeds from loan payable to related parties

     400,000       33,000  

Repayment of loan payable to related parties

     (400,000     (123,996

Payments of lease liabilities

     (163,811     (163,290

Payments of lease deposits

     (779,036     —    

Proceeds from convertible debentures

     —         585,116  

Interest paid

     (73,288     (29,598
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing activities

     34,900,987       2,106,173  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     2,404       —    

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

     24,678,473       391,729  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

     405,610       13,881  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

   $ 25,084,083     $ 405,610  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents are consisted of:

 

Cash

   $ 24,019,083     $ 405,610  

Redeemable guaranteed investment certificate (“GIC”)

     1,000,000       —    

Restricted redeemable GIC

     65,000       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash and cash equivalents

   $ 25,084,083     $ 405,610  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental cash flow disclosures (Note 20)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

7


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

1.

Nature and continuance of operations

The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on December 27, 2016, under the laws of the province of British Columbia, Canada. The Company is an emerging plant-based food technology company that designs, develops, produces, distributes and sells a variety of plant-based meats and other food alternatives. To date, the Company has developed a core product line under The Very Good Butchers brand. The Company changed its name from The Very Good Butchers Inc. to The Very Good Food Company Inc. on October 1, 2019. Effective June 18, 2020, the Company’s common shares commenced trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “CSE”) under the symbol “VERY”. Effective July 27, 2020, the Company’s shares commenced trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (the “FSE”) under the symbol “0SI”. Effective October 14, 2020, the Company’s shares commenced trading on the OTC QB Market (the “OTCQB”) under the symbol “VRYYF”. Subsequent to the year end, effective March 17, 2021, the Company’s shares commenced trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSXV”). The Company ceased trading on the CSE on March 16, 2021.

The Company’s registered and records office are located at Suite 409 – 221 West Esplanade, North Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V7M 3J3.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company generated a net loss of $13,858,800 (2019 - $2,341,544) and negative cash flows from operations of $9,660,481 (2019 - $1,432,523). The Company expects to incur further losses in the development of its business and has significant capital projects planned. The continued operations of the Company are dependent on future profitable operations, management’s ability to manage costs, and raising additional equity or debt. Whether and when the Company can generate sufficient operating cash flows to pay for its expenditures and settle its obligations as they fall due is uncertain. As a result of these conditions, management has concluded, in making its going concern assessment, that there are material uncertainties related to events and conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

These consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and statement of financial position classifications that would be necessary were the going concern assumption inappropriate. These adjustments could be material.

Covid-19 Estimation Uncertainty

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic. This has resulted in governments worldwide, including the Canadian government, to enact emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include social distancing, the implementation of travel bans, and closures of non-essential businesses, have caused material disruption to businesses globally, resulting in an economic slowdown. As at December 31, 2020, we have not observed any material impairments of our assets or a significant change in the fair value of assets, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The situation is dynamic and the ultimate duration and magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and the financial effect on our business, financial position and operating results remain unknown at this time. These impacts could include the ability of the Company to raise capital, the impairment in the value of our long-lived assets, or potential future decreases in revenue or the profitability of our ongoing and future operations. The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the pandemic on all aspects of its business.

 

8


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

2.

Basis of Presentation and Measurement

Statement of compliance

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and interpretations of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”). The consolidated statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2020, were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on April 26, 2021.

Basis of presentation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: The Very Good Butchers Inc., 1218169 B.C. Ltd. and 1218158 B.C. Ltd., companies incorporated on July 31, 2019 in the province of British Columbia, Canada, and VGFC Holdings LLC, a company incorporated on July 7, 2020 in the state of Delaware, U.S.A. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and are based on historical costs. The presentation and functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The Company structures its consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss on a functional basis. For that purpose, the Company defines cost of sales as procurement expense and gross profit as revenues less procurement expense.

Critical accounting estimates and judgements

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the Company to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amount of assets, liabilities and contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the period. The Company’s management reviews these estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis, based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to estimates are adjusted for prospectively in the period in which the estimates are revised. Actual results may differ from these judgements, estimates and assumptions.

The determination of the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is a key area of judgment applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements as discussed above in note 1. Amortization of right-of-use assets and property and equipment are dependent upon the estimated useful lives, which are determined through the exercise of judgment. The assessment of any indicators of impairment of these assets is dependent upon judgments that take into account factors such as economic and market conditions and the useful lives of assets.

Information on significant areas of uncertainty and critical estimates in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements relate to the following:

Share-based compensation

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (“Black-Scholes”) to estimate the fair value of stock options and warrants granted to directors, officers, employees and service providers. The use of Black-Scholes requires management to make various estimates and assumptions that impact

 

9


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

2.

Basis of Presentation and Measurement (continued)

 

the value assigned to the stock options including the forecast future volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the expected life of the stock options. Any changes in these assumptions could have a material impact on the share-based compensation calculation value. See also notes 16 and 17.

Carrying value of inventory

The Company records valuation adjustments for inventory by comparing the inventory cost to its net realizable value. The process requires the use of estimates and assumptions related to future market demand, costs and prices. Such assumptions are reviewed and may have a significant impact on the valuation adjustments for inventory.

 

10


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

3.

Change in Presentation of Expenditures

Effective for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to change the presentation of its consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. The Company believes that the revised presentation provides more useful and relevant financial information to users of the consolidated financial statements.

Management has applied the change in presentation retrospectively. The consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2019, has been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period. The following is a summary of the impacts to the consolidated statement net loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2019:

 

Consolidated Statement of Net Loss

and Comprehensive Loss

   December 31, 2019
(As previously
reported)
     Functional
presentation
reclassifications
     December 31, 2019
(As reclassified)
 

Costs of sales

   $ (685,963    $ 685,963      $ —    

Procurement expense

     —          (1,169,583      (1,169,583

Fulfilment expense

     —          (170,617      (170,617

Advertising and promotion

     (43,571      43,571        —    

Bank charges

     (4,895      4,895        —    

Bad debt expense

     (7,734      7,734        —    

Depreciation

     (161,583      161,583        —    

Insurance

     (8,081      8,081        —    

Meals and entertainment

     (12,426      12,426        —    

Office and administration

     (118,176      118,176        —    

Professional fees

     (976,768      976,768        —    

Rent

     (46,815      46,815        —    

Repairs and maintenance

     (35,132      35,132        —    

Research and development

     (106,021      106,021        —    

Selling costs

     (98,138      98,138        —    

Share-based compensation

     (200,933      200,933        —    

Small tools and supplies

     (87,708      87,708        —    

Telephone and utilities

     (15,365      15,365        —    

Travel

     (87,005      87,005        —    

Wages and benefits

     (460,354      460,354        —    

General and administrative expense

     —          (1,622,541      (1,622,541

Marketing and investor relations expense

     —          (64,445      (64,445

Research and development expense

     —          (125,680      (125,680

Financing expense

     (173,268      —          (173,268

Other expense

     (11,405      (3,802      (15,207

 

11


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents is comprised of cash deposits and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash with original maturities of three months or less.

Inventory

Inventory consists primarily of finished goods, packaging and restaurant supplies and raw materials. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventory costs include direct labor and certain overhead expenses such as in-bound shipping and handling costs incurred to bring the inventory to its present location and conditions. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. If the Company determines that the estimated net realizable value of its inventory is less than the carrying value of such inventory, it records a charge to procurement expense.

Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits, due to related parties, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loans payable, and convertible debentures.

The Company follows the requirements of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (IFRS 9”). IFRS 9 utilizes a model for recognition and measurement of financial instruments in a single, forward-looking “expected loss” impairment model.

 

  (i)

Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is required to be classified in one of the following categories: amortized cost; fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”); or fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).

All financial instruments are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Measurement in subsequent periods depends on the classification of the financial instrument. Transaction costs are included in the initial carrying amount of financial instruments except for financial instruments classified as FVTPL in which case transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

 

   

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

 

   

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

 

12


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”). This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

 

   

Financial assets at FVTPL: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in net loss.

 

   

Financial assets at amortized cost: These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in net loss.

 

   

Debt investments at FVOCI: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in net loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to net loss.

 

   

Equity investments at FVOCI: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in net loss and unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are never reclassified to net loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as other liabilities at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in net loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense, foreign exchange gains and losses, or gains and losses on derecognition are recognized in net loss.

 

  (ii)

Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. The Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized in its consolidated statement of financial position but retains

 

13


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets. In these cases, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in net loss.

 

  (iii)

Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

  (iv)

Impairment

Financial assets and contract assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses (“ECL”) on:

 

   

financial assets measured at amortized cost;

 

   

debt investments measured at FVOCI; and

 

   

contract assets (as defined in IFRS 15).

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

The Company measures loss allowances on amounts receivable at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECL, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company’s historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information. The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due. The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when:

 

   

the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realizing security (if any is held); or

 

   

the financial asset is more than 90 days past due.

Measurement of ECLs

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the entity expects to receive).

ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

 

14


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

Presentation of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

 

  (v)

Fair values

Fair value measurements recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position must be categorized in accordance with the following levels:

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognized in net loss.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line method to allocate their cost less their residual values over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Class of property and equipment

   Useful lives in years  

Restaurant and production equipment

     5 years  

Furniture and fixtures

     5 years  

Computer equipment and software

     1 year  

Leasehold improvements

    
Term of lease, or estimated useful life of specific
improvements if shorter
 
 

Vehicles

     5 years  

Impairment of non-financial assets

At each reporting period, the Company assesses whether there are indicators of impairment for its non-financial assets. If indicators exist, the Company determines if the recoverable amount of the asset or cash generating unit (“CGU”) is greater than its carrying amount. A CGU is defined as the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets.

 

15


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

If the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset or CGU is recorded at its recoverable amount with the reduction recognized in profit or loss. The recoverable amount is the greater of the value in use or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is the amount the asset could be sold for in an arm’s length transaction. The value in use is the present value of the estimated future cash flows of the asset from its continued use. The fair value less costs to sell considers the continued development of a property and market transactions in a valuation model.

Impairments are reversed in subsequent periods when there has been an increase in the recoverable amount of a previously impaired asset or CGU and these reversals are recognized in profit or loss. The recovery is limited to the original carrying amount less depreciation, if any, that would have been recorded had the asset not been impaired.

 

  Leases

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on the definition of a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company has the right to control an identified asset if it obtains substantially all of its economic benefits and either pre-determines or directs how and for what purpose the asset is used.

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use assets are initially measured at the amount of the lease liability plus initial direct costs incurred by the lessee. Adjustments may also be required for lease incentives, payments at or prior to commencement and restoration obligations.

The right-of-use assets are depreciated to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the lease term using the straight-line method as this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments payable over the lease term, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease, or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease obligation, when applicable, may comprise fixed payments, variable payments that depend on an index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase, extension or termination option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. It is remeasured when there are changes in the following: i) the lease term; ii) the Company’s assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase option; iii) a change in an index or a change in the rate used to determine the payments; and iv) amounts expected to be payable under residual value guarantees.

Some of the Company’s leases contain extension options. The Company assesses at lease commencement whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the extension options. The Company reassesses whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the options if there is a significant event or significant change in circumstances within its control. The assessment of whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise such options impacts the lease term, which significantly affects the amount of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets recognized.

Unit financing

In a unit financing where the Company issues common shares with an attached warrant, the warrants issued to investors and any warrants issued to brokers are accounted for as follows:

The fair value of investor warrants is measured based on the unit price paid by the investor compared to the fair value of the common shares on the issuance date. If the unit price is greater than the common share price, the excess is considered the fair value of the investor warrant. If the unit price is less than

 

16


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

the common share price, no fair value is assigned to the warrant. The fair value of the common shares is recognized in share capital and the fair value of the investor warrants is recognized in reserves.

The fair value of broker warrants is measured and recognized on the date of issuance, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value is recognized as a share issuance cost with a corresponding increase in equity reserves.

Share-based compensation

The Company grants stock options to acquire common shares of the Company to directors, officers, employees and consultants. An individual is classified as an employee when the individual is an employee for legal or tax purposes, or provides services similar to those performed by an employee.

The grant date fair value of share-based compensation awards granted to employees is recognized as share-based compensation expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date. For share-based compensation awards with non-vesting conditions, the grant date fair value of the share-based compensation is measured to reflect such conditions and there is no true-up for differences between expected and actual outcomes.

Where equity instruments are granted to parties other than employees, they are recorded by reference to the fair value of the services received. If the fair value of the services received cannot be reliably estimated, the Company measures the services received by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted, measured at the date the counterparty renders service.

All equity-settled share-based compensations are reflected in equity reserves, unless exercised. Upon exercise, shares are issued from treasury and the amount reflected in equity reserves is credited to share capital, adjusted for any consideration paid.

Revenue recognition

The Company generates revenue from the sale of vegan meats through a storefront, a vegan restaurant, public markets, wholesale arrangements and online eCommerce sales. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant and none of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component.

The Company follows IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”), to recognize its revenue. IFRS 15 establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15 the Company’s accounting policy for revenue recognition is as follows: i) identify the contract with the customer; ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; iii) determine the transaction price; iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s); and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligation(s) are satisfied.

For storefront, restaurant and public market sales, revenue is recognized immediately upon providing the customer with the product. For wholesale arrangements and online eCommerce sales, revenue is recognized when delivery has occurred and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance. These criteria are generally met at the time the product leaves the Company’s premises as at that point, control has passed to the customer. For online eCommerce sales where consideration is received before the service is provided, the Company accounts for those pending sales as deferred revenue. Revenue is measured based on the price specified in the Company’s invoice provided to the customer. The Company does not have any multiple-element revenue arrangements. Revenue is presented net of discounts and sales and other related taxes.

 

17


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

The Company routinely offers sales discounts and promotions through various programs to its customers and consumers. These programs include rebates, temporary on shelf price reductions, off invoice discounts, retailer advertisements, product coupons and other trade activities. Provision for discounts and incentives are recorded in the same period in which the related revenues are recognized. The offsetting charge is recorded as a reduction of revenues in the same period when the expense is incurred.

Procurement expense

Procurement expense consist of the purchase price of the raw material and inventory packaging, inbound shipping charges, director labor and other attributable overhead expenses incurred in the procurement and manufacturing of the Company’s finished goods. Inbound shipping charges from suppliers are included in inventory and recognized as procurement expense upon the sale of product to customer. Procurement expense also include expenses associated with storefront and restaurant operations, including food costs, direct labor and other attributable overhead expenses.

Fulfilment expense

Fulfilment expense include third-party fulfilment cost for picking and packing of orders, fulfilment packaging costs, direct fulfilment labor, merchant processing fees, outbound shipping and freight costs and warehousing fees.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense are primarily comprised of administrative expenses, non-production salaries, wages and benefits, including associated share-based compensation not directly associated with other functions, non-production rent expense, depreciation and amortization expense on non-production assets and other non-production operating expenses. Administrative expenses include the expenses related to management, accounting, legal, information technology, and other support functions.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense are primarily incurred to develop new products as well as enhancing existing products for the Company. These costs consist of material and ingredients used for research and development, research and development staff cost including wages, salaries and benefits, including associated share-based compensation and depreciation on research and development assets.

Income taxes

Current income tax:

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current period are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date, in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.

Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred income tax:

Deferred income tax is recognized, using the asset and liability method, on temporary differences at the reporting date arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at the end

 

18


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

of each reporting period and recognized only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred income taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Functional and presentation currency

The Company’s reporting currency is the Canadian dollar. The functional currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. The functional currency of the Company and its Canadian subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar, while the functional currency of its US subsidiary is the US dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated using the exchange rate in effect on the transaction date or at the annual average rate. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate of exchange in effect at the consolidated statement of financial position date. Non-monetary items are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss.

For purposes of consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations with functional currencies other than the Canadian dollar are translated to Canadian dollars using the rate of exchange in effect at the financial statement date. Revenue and expenses of the foreign operations are translated to Canadian dollars at exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Foreign currency differences resulting from translation of the accounts of foreign operations are recognized directly in other comprehensive income and are accumulated in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

Loss per share

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. For all periods presented, the loss attributable to common shareholders equals the reported loss attributable to owners of the Company. Diluted loss per share is calculated by the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the calculation of diluted loss per share assumes that the proceeds to be received on the exercise of dilutive share options and warrants are used to repurchase common shares at the average market price during the period. Since the Company has a loss in all periods presented, the potential effect of share options and warrants has not been included in this calculation as they would be anti-dilutive.

Related party transactions

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there

 

19


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

4.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Related party transactions are recognized and measured at the amounts agreed between the parties.

Government grants

The Company classifies forgivable loans from the government as a government grant when there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will meet the terms for forgiveness on the loan. If this threshold is not met, the Company classifies forgivable loans as other liabilities, measured initially at fair value in accordance with IFRS 9.

Government grants and assistance are recognized as a reduction in the related expense in the period in which there is reasonable assurance that the grant or assistance has become receivable and all conditions, if any, have been or will be satisfied.

The Company applied for COVID-19 financial relief in Canada under the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program and the Canada Emergency Business Account program (“CEBA”) funded by the Government of Canada. The CEWS and CEBA programs are relief programs launched by the Canadian federal government to qualifying employers to subsidize payroll costs and provide financing relief during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The qualified amounts received under the CEWS program are non-repayable, and a portion of the amounts received under the CEBA program are non-repayable if the loan is repaid by December 31, 2022 (see Note 12). During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized the CEWS proceeds as a reduction of general and administrative expense of $21,299 and of research and development expense of $4,309. In addition, the Company recognized the forgivable portion of the CEBA loan as a reduction of financing expense of $10,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, amendments to IFRS 16, Leases which exempts lessees from having to consider individual lease contracts to determine whether rent concessions occurring as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic are lease modifications and allows lessees to account for such rent concessions as if they were not lease modifications. It applies to COVID-19-related rent concessions that reduce lease payments due on or before June 30, 2021. The Company adopted this amendment during the year ended December 31, 2020, however it did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards issued but not yet effective

Several new standards, and amendments to standards and interpretations, are not yet effective for the year ended December 31, 2020, and have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements. None are currently considered by the Company to be significant or likely to have a material impact on future financial statements.

 

20


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

5.

Accounts receivable

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Accrued interest receivable

   $ 282      $ —    

GST receivable

     366,561        34,633  

Trade accounts receivable

     82,740        38,211  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 449,583      $ 72,844  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade accounts receivable is recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $39,917 (2019 – $6,579).

 

6.

Inventory

Inventory consisted primarily of raw materials, packaging and restaurant supplies and finished goods which were either at the retail location, warehouse, storage space or held with third party distributors.

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Raw materials

   $ 320,346      $ 25,057  

Packaging and restaurant supplies

     333,728        8,050  

Finished goods

     541,461        22,816  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,195,535      $ 55,923  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Included in finished goods inventory at December 31, 2020, was $12,053 (2019 – $nil) of depreciation expense related to property and equipment and $7,502 (2019 – $nil) related to right-of-use assets used in production.

 

7.

Prepaids and deposits

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Lease deposits (Notes 24 and 27(a))

   $ 940,760      $ —    

Security deposits

     1,293,272        26,312  

Prepaid expenses

     432,039        56,341  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     2,666,071      82,653  

Less: current portion of prepaids and deposits

     (1,887,035      (82,653
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deposits

   $ 779,036      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

21


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

8.

Right-of-use assets

 

     Right-of-use
building
     Right-of-use
equipment
     Right-of-use
vehicle
     Total  

Cost

           

Balance, January 1, 2019

   $ 77,659      $ 58,634      $ —        $ 136,293  

Additions

     212,196        189,513        —          401,709  

Transferred to property and equipment

     —          (31,840)        —          (31,840)  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

     289,855        216,307        —          506,162  

Additions

     4,990,752        5,989        23,767        5,020,508  

Early termination of leases

     —          (71,179)        —          (71,179)  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ 5,280,607      $ 151,117      $ 23,767      $ 5,455,491  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation

           

Balance, January 1, 2019

   $ —        $ (13,363)      $ —        $ (13,363)  

Depreciation

     (68,827)        (42,997)        —          (111,824)  

Transferred to property and equipment

     —          12,425        —          12,425  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

     (68,827)        (43,935)        —          (112,762)  

Depreciation

     (275,439)        (41,072)        (5,485)        (321,996)  

Early termination of leases

     —          23,940        —          23,940  

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

     1,924        —          —          1,924  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ (342,342    $ (61,067    $ (5,485    $ (408,894
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying amounts

           

Balance, December 31, 2019

   $ 221,028      $ 172,372      $ —        $ 393,400  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ 4,938,265      $ 90,050      $ 18,282      $ 5,046,597  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Depreciation of right-of-use assets included in the consolidated financial statements is split as follows:

 

     As at and for the year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Consolidated statements of financial position

     

Included in inventory

   $ 7,502      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss

     

Included in procurement expense

   $ 102,398      $ 111,824  

Included in fulfilment expense

     12,226        —    

Included in general and administrative expense

     199,870        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 314,494      $ 11,824  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

22


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

9.

Property and equipment

 

     Restaurant,
production,
and R&D
equipment
    Furniture
and
fixtures
    Computer
equipment
and
software
    Leasehold
improvements
    Vehicle     Total  

Cost

 

At January 1, 2019

   $ 1,071     $ 10,102     $ 10,160     $ 29,705     $ —       $ 51,038  

Additions

     196,449       7,928       11,250       40,731       61,222       317,580  

Transferred from right-of-use assets

     19,415       —         —         —         —         19,415  

Impairment

     (21,422)       —         —         —         —         (21,422)  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

     195,513       18,030       21,410       70,436       61,222       366,611  

Additions

     169,210       107,112       86,460       182,713       8,559       554,054  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2020

   $ 364,723     $ 125,142     $ 107,870     $ 253,149     $ 69,781     $ 920,665  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment

 

At January 1, 2019

   $ 1,791     $ (2,790)     $ (10,160)     $ (6,201)     $ —       $ (17,360)  

Depreciation

     (22,855)       (3,323)       (3,715)       (13,744)       (6,122)       (49,759)  

Impairment

     10,017       —         —         —         —         10,017  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

     (11,047)       (6,113)       (13,875)       (19,945)       (6,122)       (57,102)  

Depreciation

     (52,887)       (4,353)       (20,332)       (32,378)       (12,885)       (122,835)  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2020

   $ (63,934   $ (10,466   $ (34,207   $ (52,323   $ (19,007   $ (179,937
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book value

 

At December 31, 2019

   $ 184,466     $ 11,917     $ 7,535     $ 50,491     $ 55,100     $ 309,509  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2020

   $ 300,789     $ 114,676     $ 73,663     $ 200,826     $ 50,774     $ 740,728  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2020, a total of $81,000 of furniture and fixtures and $63,557 of leasehold improvements related to property and equipment under construction, and no depreciation has been recognized. The Company will begin recognizing depreciation once the underlying assets are ready for their intended use.

Depreciation of property and equipment included in the consolidated financial statements is split as follows:

 

     As at and for the year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Consolidated statements of financial position

     

Included in inventory

   $ 12,053      $ —    

Consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss

     

Included in procurement expense

   $ 76,132      $ 39,921  

Included in fulfilment expense

     244        —    

Included in general and administrative expense

     30,822        8,707  

Included in research and development expense

     3,584        1,131  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 110,782      $ 49,759  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

23


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

10.

Accounts payables and accrued liabilities

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Accounts payable

   $  1,173,048      $ 160,626  

Accrued liabilities

     698,680        71,680  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,871,728      $ 232,306  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

11.

Lease liabilities

Lease liabilities consist of leases for retail, production and distribution facilities, equipment and a vehicle. The leases have been discounted using weighted average interest rates ranging between 7.0% and 12.5% as estimated incremental borrowing rates of the Company for similar assets.

 

     As at December 31  
     2020  

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 392,472  

Additions

     5,020,509  

Lease payments

     (163,811

Early termination of leases

     (39,706

Lease concessions

     (16,800

Interest expense

     345,958  

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

     (2,335
  

 

 

 

Balance, end of year

   $  5,336,287  
  

 

 

 

Less: current portion of lease liabilities

     (146,935
  

 

 

 

Lease liabilities

   $ 5,389,352  
  

 

 

 

On September 22, 2020, the Company terminated 17 lease agreements and purchased the related leased equipment for $79,118. The difference between the related lease liabilities and right-of-use-assets of $7,533 was recognized as a loss on termination of leases.

The Company’s future minimum lease payments for the leases for retail, production and distribution facilities, equipment and vehicle are as follows:

 

Fiscal year ending:

   Retail and
production
facilities
     Equipment      Vehicle      Total  

December 31, 2021

   $ 767,682      $ 53,004      $ 8,435      $ 829,121  

December 31, 2022

     859,956        4,200        8,078        872,234  

December 31, 2023

     826,611        2,100        8,078        836,789  

December 31, 2024

     819,034        —          311        819,345  

December 31, 2025

     834,295        —          —          834,295  

December 31, 2026 and thereafter

     7,787,053        —          —          7,787,053  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total lease payments

     11,894,631        59,304        24,902        11,978,837  

Amounts representing interest over the term of the leases

     (6,434,532      (2,681      (5,337      (6,442,550
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Present value of net lease payments

     5,460,099        56,623        19,565        5,536,287  

Less: Current portion

     (90,697      (50,657      (5,581      (146,935
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term portion

   $ 5,369,402      $ 5,966      $  13,984      $ 5,389,352  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Further information about our leases facilities is provided in Note 24 Commitments.

 

24


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

12.

Loans payable and other financing

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 31,181      $ 66,040  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Additions

     499,129        127,344  

Interest expense

     61,558        29,598  

Repayments

     (551,868      (191,801

Forgiveness of loan

     (10,000      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, end of year

     30,000        31,181  

Less: current portion of loans payable and other financing

     —          (31,181
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loan payable

   $ 30,000      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  a)

On January 15, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement for proceeds of $56,550, net of an origination fee of $3,450. The loan was interest bearing at 23.08% per annum, payable monthly, secured against the Company’s net assets with personal guarantees from the CEO and a director, and matured and was repaid on January 13, 2020.

 

  b)

On July 30, 2018, the Company entered into a future receivables sale agreement, whereby the Company agreed to remit a daily payment equal to 15% of future sales up to $19,350 in consideration for proceeds of $15,000. The Company’s obligations under the agreement were secured against the Company’s assets. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company fulfilled the remaining obligations of $5,514 under the future receivables sale agreement.

 

  c)

On October 2, 2018, the Company entered into a future receivables sale agreement, whereby the Company agreed to remit a daily payment equal to 15% of future sales up to $22,704 in consideration for proceeds of $17,600. The Company’s obligations under the agreement were secured against the Company’s assets. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company fulfilled the remaining obligations of $22,704 under the future receivables sale agreement.

 

  d)

On April 15, 2019, the Company entered into a loan agreement for proceeds of $37,344, net of an original issue discount of $11,087 and an origination fee of $1,556. The loan was interest bearing at 68% per annum, with payments of $480 required on each business day, secured against the Company’s net assets with personal guarantees from the CEO and a director and due on September 4, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company repaid $49,987, representing the principal balance of the loan of $37,344 and interest of $12,643.

 

  e)

On March 20, 2019, the Company entered into a future receivables sale agreement, whereby the Company agreed to remit a daily payment equal to 15% of future sales up to $64,500 in consideration for proceeds of $50,000. The Company’s obligations under the agreement were secured against the Company’s assets. On January 21, 2020, the Company entered into a new future receivables sale agreement with the lender, whereby the remaining balance of $10,277 was renewed and increased to $64,500 in consideration for an additional proceeds $37,183. On September 29, 2020, the Company fulfilled the obligations under the future receivables sale agreement.

 

  f)

On July 1, 2019, the Company entered into a loan agreement for the purchase of a vehicle. The loan was non-interest bearing, secured against the purchased vehicle, and matured on May 1, 2020. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company made a down payment of $15,000 on July 1, 2019, and made 10 monthly instalments of $4,000.

 

25


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

12.

Loans payable and other financing (continued)

 

  g)

On January 20, 2020, the Company entered into a Business Loan and Security Agreement for net proceeds of $42,720, net of an original issue discount of $12,460 and an origination fee of $1,780. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company was required to make 113 payments of $504 on each business day until fully repaid. The loan was secured against the Company’s net assets and matured on July 6, 2020.

 

  h)

On May 12, 2020, the Company entered into a Capital Agreement, whereby the Company agreed to remit a daily payment equal to 17% of future sales up to $181,900 in consideration for proceeds of $170,000. The Company’s obligations under the agreement were secured against the Company’s assets. On August 27, 2020, the Company fulfilled the obligations under the Capital Agreement.

 

  i)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into revenue share agreements, whereby the Company agreed to remit a daily payment at rates ranging between 8% and 11% of future sales up to a total of $235,406 in consideration for proceeds totaling $209,226. The Company’s obligations under the agreement were secured against the Company’s assets. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received cash-back credits totaling $6,262 from the lender pursuant to the agreements, which has been netted against the related interest expense incurred. On September 1, 2020, the Company fulfilled the obligations under the Revenue Share Agreements.

 

  j)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received a loan totaling $40,000 from its bank under CEBA funded by the Government of Canada. The loan is interest free and may be repaid any time before December 31, 2022, at which time if unpaid, the remaining balance will convert to a 3-year term loan at an interest rate of 5% per annum. If the Company repays the loan prior to December 31, 2022, there will be loan forgiveness of 25% of the loan, up to $10,000. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $10,000 as forgiveness of loan as it is reasonably certain that the Company will repay the loan before December 31, 2022 and the loan proceeds have been used during the period.

 

13.

Convertible debentures

The Company’s convertible debentures outstanding as at December 31, 2020, are as follows:

 

     Opening      Interest and
accretion expense
     Conversion      Total  

a)

   $ 602,252      $ 53,668      $ (655,920)      $ —    

b)

     329,099        30,663        (359,762)        —    

c)

     89,914        2,626        (92,540)        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,021,265      $ 86,957      $ (1,108,222    $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  a)

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued $351,000 in convertible debentures; incurring financing costs of $31,113 for a net amount of $319,887. On January 11, 2019, the Company completed an additional financing of $249,000 in convertible debentures from the same lender; incurring financing costs of $20,284 for a net amount of $228,716. The debentures were unsecured, accrued simple interest at 6% per annum and had an original maturity date of November 30, 2021. The convertible debentures automatically converted at the earlier of:

 

  (i)

Qualified financing conversion – if the Company raises gross proceeds of at least $2,000,000, other than convertible notes.

 

  (ii)

Liquidity event – if the Company sells shares or assets, which triggers a change in control.

 

  (iii)

Maturity date – November 30, 2021.

 

26


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

13.

Convertible debentures (continued)

 

As the number of common shares to be issued were variable, the convertible debentures were accounted for as a financial liability. The financing costs had been netted against the principal balance of the debentures and were accreted over the term of the debentures using the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest and accretion expense of $53,668 (2019 – $41,031).

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the convertible debentures were converted into 5,084,394 common shares as a result of the completion of a qualified financing. The difference between the fair value of the common shares issued and the carrying value of the convertible debentures at the time of conversion of $615,000, was recorded as a finance expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

  b)

On June 20, 2019, the Company completed a financing of convertible debentures in the principal amount of $300,000, which bore compound interest at 1.5% per month, and originally matured on December 31, 2019. In connection with the issuance of the debentures, the Company paid a finders’ fee of $30,000 and received a net amount of $270,000. On December 5, 2019, the Company entered into an amending agreement whereby the maturity date was extended to June 30, 2020. These debentures became convertible if the Company undergoes a change of control, amalgamation, merger or other business combination resulting in a “going public transaction”, or in the process of any such transaction raises funds in excess of $2,000,000 as part of the Company’s “going public transaction” (“Qualified Financing”).

As the number of common shares to be issued were variable, the convertible debentures were accounted for as a financial liability. The convertible debentures were accreted up over the payment term using the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest and accretion expense of $30,663 (2019 – $59,099).

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the convertible debentures were converted into 1,692,995 common shares as a result of the completion of a Qualified Financing. The difference between the fair value of the common shares issued and the carrying value of the convertible debentures at the time of conversion of $63,000, was recorded as a finance expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

  c)

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into convertible promissory notes totalling $86,400, of which $75,000 were received for cash and $11,400 in consideration for consulting fees. The debentures had the same terms as the convertible debentures described in a) above.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest expense totalling $2,626 (2019 – $3,514).

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the convertible promissory notes were converted into 717,327 common shares as a result of the completion of a qualified financing. The difference between the fair value of the common shares issued and the carrying value of the convertible debentures at the time of conversion of $87,000, was recorded as a finance expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

27


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

14.

Related party balances and transactions

Related party balances

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Due from the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Director

   $ —        $ 18,722  

Due from the Chief Research and Development Officer (“CRADO”), and Director

     —          5,558  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Due from related parties*

   $ —        $ 24,280  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Due to the former Chief Financial Officer (“former CFO”), included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities*

   $ —        $ 3,413  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Prepaid professional fees for the former CFO, included in prepaids and deposits

   $ —        $ 5,815  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

*

The amounts due to (from) related parties are unsecured, non-interest bearing and have no fixed terms of repayment.

On February 11, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with the CEO and the CRADO of the Company (the “Lenders”), whereby the Lenders agreed to loan the Company up to a maximum aggregate loan amount of $1,200,000 (the “Principal”), in three equal tranches of $400,000. The outstanding amount of the Principal matures on May 11, 2021, and bears interest from and after the date of each advance until repayment at the rate of 0.67% per month, simple interest. The Company also executed a general security agreement with the Lenders, which creates a security interest over all present and after acquired property of the Company. The Company received one tranche of $400,000 on February 11, 2020. On June 22, 2020, the Company repaid the principal balance of $400,000 and interest of $11,728.

Related party transactions

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company and consists of the Company’s executive management team and directors. Compensation was as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Salaries incurred to key management personnel*

   $ 1,564,966      $ 95,027  

Professional fees incurred to the former CFO**

     159,437        84,844  

Share-based compensation

     676,078        179,227  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 2,400,481      $ 359,098  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

*

The balance for the year ended December 31, 2020, includes $287,230 paid by the issuance of a total of 165,000 warrants, which have exercise prices ranging between $1.51 per share and $7.60 per share, with expiry dates ranging between August 13, 2021, and December 21, 2021.

**

The balance for the year ended December 31, 2020, includes $25,001 paid by the issuance of 166,670 units. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

 

28


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

15.

Share capital

Authorized share capital

Unlimited number of common shares without par value.

Share subdivision

On June 20, 2019, the Company completed a non-cash subdivision of the existing 3,000,000 shares into 30,000,000 common shares.

All share and per share amounts in these consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the share subdivision.

Issued share capital during the year ended December 31, 2020

 

  a)

On June 17, 2020, the Company completed its Initial Public Offering (the “Offering”) consisting of 16,100,000 common shares for gross proceeds of $4,025,000. The Company paid the agent a commission of $241,500 and issued the agent a finder’s fee of 322,000 common shares with a fair value of $80,500. The Company also issued to the agent 1,288,000 warrants with a fair value of $176,242, exercisable to purchase common shares at a price of $0.25 per common share until June 17, 2021 (the “Agent’s Warrants”). In connection with the Offering, the Company also incurred other share issuance costs of $213,366.

 

  b)

On June 17, 2020, the Company issued 7,494,716 common shares with a fair value of $1,873,222 pursuant to the conversion of $1,108,222 of convertible debentures and related accrued interest, resulting in a loss on settlement of convertible debt of $765,000 (Note 13).

 

  c)

On July 10, 2020, the Company issued 408,456 common shares with a fair value of $694,375 pursuant to the settlement of $102,113 owing to a vendor, resulting in a loss on settlement of payables of $592,262.

 

  d)

On August 7, 2020, the Company completed a prospectus offering of 6,555,000 units at $1.30 per unit for gross proceeds of $8,521,500. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at $2.00 until February 7, 2022. The Company paid the agent a commission of $679,312 and issued the agent a finder’s fee of 80,000 units with a fair value of $120,800, which consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $2.00 until February 7, 2022. The Company also issued 522,548 warrants with a fair value of $528,092, exercisable to acquire one unit at $1.30 per unit until February 7, 2022 (the “Broker’s Warrants”). Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $2.00 until February 7, 2022. In connection with the prospectus offering, the Company also incurred other share issuance costs of $240,041.

 

  e)

On August 13, 2020, the Company completed a private placement of 88,462 units at $1.30 per unit for gross proceeds of $115,001. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at $2.00 until February 13, 2022.

 

  f)

On October 22, 2020, the Company issued 47,866 common shares with a fair value of $120,144 pursuant to the settlement of $130,834 owing to a vendor, resulting in a gain on settlement of payables of $10,690.

 

29


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

15.

Share capital (continued)

 

  g)

On December 4, 2020, the Company completed a prospectus offering of 3,778,900 units at $3.50 per unit for gross proceeds of $13,226,150. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at $4.50 until June 4, 2022. The Company paid the agent a commission of $1,037,078 and issued the agent a finder’s fee of 30,000 units with a fair value of $265,800, which consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $4.50 until June 4, 2022. The Company also issued 296,308 Broker’s Warrants with a fair value of $1,933,778, exercisable to acquire one unit at $3.50 per unit until June 4, 2022. Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $4.50 until June 4, 2022. In connection with the prospectus offering, the Company also incurred other share issuance costs of $386,982.

 

  h)

On December 4, 2020, the Company completed a private placement of 285,714 units at $3.50 per unit for gross proceeds of $999,999. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at $4.50 until June 4, 2022. In connection with the private placement, the Company incurred share issuance costs of $139,746.

 

  i)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 2,341,500 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options at $0.25 per share and 16,667 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options at $1.74 per share for an aggregate gross proceeds of $614,376 of which $6,250 was received subsequent to December 31, 2020.

 

  j)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 12,895,190 common shares pursuant to the exercise of warrants with exercise prices ranging between $0.25 per share and $4.50 per share for gross proceeds of $10,251,859 of which $5,000 was received subsequent to December 31, 2020.

 

  k)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 474,686 units pursuant to the exercise of Broker’s Warrants at $1.30 per share for gross proceeds of $617,092. Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $2.00 until February 7, 2022.

 

  l)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, pursuant to an executive management services agreement entered on July 15, 2019 with the former CFO, director and executive consultant of the Company, the Company issued 166,670 units with a fair value of $25,001, of which $3,760 was allocated to warrants. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

 

  m)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 39,263 common shares for marketing services with a fair value of $65,978.

 

  n)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received subscriptions of $19,500 pursuant to the exercise of warrants in January 2021 (Note 27(e)).

Issued share capital during the year ended December 31, 2019

 

  o)

On July 31, 2019, the Company closed a private placement of 12,332,002 units for gross proceeds of $1,849,800. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances. The warrants were all exercised during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

30


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

15.

Share capital (continued)

 

  p)

On August 19, 2019, pursuant to a consultancy agreement entered on January 1, 2019, the Company issued 3,000,000 units with a fair value of $450,000, of which $67,814 was allocated to warrants. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances. The warrants were all exercised during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

  q)

During the year ended December 31, 2019, pursuant to a management services agreement entered on July 15, 2019, with the former CFO of the Company, the Company issued a total of 183,337 units with a fair value of $27,500, of which $4,147 was allocated to warrants. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances. The warrants were all exercised during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

16.

Warrants

The following table summarizes information about the warrants at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the changes for the years then ended:

 

     Number of warrants      Weighted average
exercise price
 

Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2018

     —        $ —    

Issued

     7,757,670        0.30  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2019

     7,757,670        0.30  

Issued

     8,501,573        1.91  

Exercised

     (13,369,876      0.81  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2020

     2,889,367      $ 3.70  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company’s warrants are exercisable only for common shares, unless otherwise noted. The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2020:

 

Exercise price

   Expiry date      Warrants outstanding     Weighted average
remaining contracted life
(years)
 

$ 1.60

     August 13, 2021        45,000       0.62  

$ 1.51

     October 6, 2021        60,000       0.76  

$ 7.60

     December 21, 2021        60,000       0.97  

$ 1.30

     February 7, 2022        47,862     1.10  

$ 2.00

     February 7, 2022        656,733       1.10  

$ 2.00

     February 13, 2022        44,232       1.12  

$ 3.50

     June 4, 2022        296,308 **      1.42  

$ 4.50

     June 4, 2022        1,679,232       1.42  
     

 

 

   
        2,889,367    
     

 

 

   

 

*

Exercisable to acquire one unit at $1.30 per unit until February 7, 2022. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $2.00 until February 7, 2022.

**

Exercisable to acquire one unit at $3.50 per unit until June 4, 2022. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company granted 500,000 warrants with a fair value of $80,324 to an agent for financial advisory services, which was recognized in marketing and investor relations expenses. The warrants are exercisable at a price of $0.25 per common share at any time after the volume weighted average price of the common shares is equal to or exceeds $0.62 until December 17, 2021 (the “Advisory Warrants”).

 

31


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

16.

Warrants (continued)

 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 165,000 warrants to key management personnel with a fair value of $287,230. The warrants issued have exercise prices ranging between $1.51 per share and $7.60 per share and expiry dates ranging between August 13, 2021 and December 21, 2021.

The fair value of warrants issued for services discussed above and share issuance costs (note 15) was estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model with the following weighted average assumptions:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020     2019  

Risk-free interest rate

     0.26     1.57

Dividend yield

     0     0

Expected volatility

     147     150

Expected life (years)

     1.28       1.0  

Forfeiture rate

     0     0

Expected annualized volatility was determined through the comparison of historical share price volatilities used by similar publicly listed companies in similar industries.

 

17.

Stock options

On December 31, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock incentive plan in accordance with the policies of the CSE. The Board of Directors is authorized to grant options to directors, officers, consultants or employees to acquire up to 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. The exercise price will not be less than $0.10 per share and the market price of the common shares on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the grant, less applicable discounts permitted by the CSE. The options that may be granted under this plan must be exercisable for over a period of not exceeding 5 years.

The following table summarizes the continuity of the Company’s stock options at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the changes for the years then ended:

 

     Number of options      Weighted average
exercise price
 

Outstanding, December 31, 2018

     —        $ —    

Granted

     1,513,500        0.25  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2019

     1,513,500        0.25  

Granted

     4,792,806        1.18  

Exercised

     (2,358,167      0.26  

Cancelled or forfeited

     (95,500      0.37  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2020

     3,852,639      $ 1.39  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable, December 31, 2020

     2,995,267      $ 0.52  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019, vested immediately. The options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020, generally vest in 2 to 5 equal instalments over vesting periods ranging between 3 months and 16 months.

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised in 2020 was $6.96.

 

32


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

17.

Stock options (continued)

 

Additional information regarding stock options outstanding as at December 31, 2020, is as follows:

 

Exercise price

   Stock options
outstanding*
     Stock options exercisable     

Expiry date

$ 9.07

     5,000        —        December 7, 2023

$ 0.25

     1,009,000        1,009,000      December 31, 2024

$ 0.25

     1,262,500        1,262,500      January 1, 2025

$ 0.25

     325,000        305,000      June 17, 2025

$ 1.31

     110,000        73,333      June 24, 2025

$ 1.56

     50,000        33,333      August 7, 2025

$ 1.65

     30,000        10,000      September 4, 2025

$ 1.70

     5,506        —        September 17, 2025

$ 1.68

     250,000        166,667      September 21, 2025

$ 1.60

     100,000        33,333      October 7, 2025

$ 1.74

     33,333        16,667      October 13, 2025

$ 4.65

     522,300        85,434      November 24, 2025

$ 8.86

     150,000        —        December 5, 2025
  

 

 

    

 

 

    
     3,852,639        2,995,267     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

*

The weighted average remaining life of options outstanding is 4.30 years.

Share-based compensation expense is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $2,780,488 (2019 – $200,933) in equity reserves, of which $614,927 (2019 – $179,227) pertains to directors and officers of the Company. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020, was $1.13 (2019 – $0.13) per share. Weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based compensation expense are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020     2019  

Risk-free interest rate

     1.25     1.68

Dividend yield

     0     0

Expected volatility

     145     150

Expected life (years)

     5.0       5.0  

Forfeiture rate

     0     0

Expected annualized volatility was determined through the comparison of historical share price volatilities used by similar publicly listed companies in similar industries.

At December 31, 2020, there was $2,519,228 (2019 – $nil) of unrecognized share-based compensation related to unvested stock options.

 

33


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

18.

Finance expense

Finance expense is comprised of the following:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Loss on settlement of payables (Note 15 (c))

   $ 592,262      $ —    

Interest on finance lease obligations (Note 11)

     345,958        42,777  

Interest and accretion on short term loans (Note 12)

     61,558        29,598  

Interest and accretion on convertible debentures (Note 13)

     86,957        103,644  

Finance cost on settlement of convertible debt (Note 13)

     765,000        —    

Interest and accretion on related party loan (Note 14)

     11,728        —    

Forgiveness of loan (Note 12 (j))

     (10,000      —    

Gain on settlement of debt (Note 15 (f))

     (10,690      —    

Other interest

     80        —    

Other interest income

     —          (2,751
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,842,853      $ 173,268  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

19.

Other expense

Other expense is comprised of the following:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Pre-construction costs*

   $ 129,677      $ 3,802  

Impairment of property and equipment (Note 9)

     —          11,405  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 129,677      $ 15,207  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

*

Pre-construction costs consist of conceptual design and preliminary engineering expenditures incurred on building-out its Mount Pleasant facility (Note 24(e)) and Rupert facility (Note 24(k)). These costs did not meet the capitalization criteria as set out in IAS 16, Property, Plant and Equipment.

 

20.

Supplemental cash flow disclosures

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Adoption of IFRS 16, Leases

   $ —        $ 77,659  

Fair value of Agent’s Warrants and corporate finance fee warrants

     2,638,247        —    

Issuance of shares for debt settlement

     814,519        —    

Issuance of shares pursuant to the conversion of convertible debentures

     1,873,222        —    

Issuance of units for finders’ fees

     467,100        —    

Property and equipment purchase in accounts payable

     25,276        35,659  

ROU assets reclassified to property and equipment

     —          19,415  

ROU assets acquired through leases

     5,020,509        401,709  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 10,839,083      $ 534,442  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

34


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

21.

Financial instruments and financial risk management

Fair value measurements

At December 31, 2020 the carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loans payable, all of which are carried at amortized cost, approximate their fair value given their short-term nature.

The Company does not have any financial instruments measured at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Financial risk management

The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks. The Board of Directors approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of documented investment policies, counterparty limits, and controlling and reporting structures. The type of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed is provided as follows:

The following is an analysis of the contractual maturities of the Company’s non-derivative financial liabilities as at December 31, 2020:

 

     Within 1 year      Between 1–5
years
     More than
5 years
 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 1,871,728      $ —        $ —    

Loans payable

     —          30,000        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,871,728      $ 30,000      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest risk

The Company’s exposure to interest risk relates to its investment of surplus cash and cash equivalents, including restricted and unrestricted short-term investments. The Company may invest surplus cash in highly liquid investments with short terms to maturity and would accumulate interest at prevailing rates for such investments. At December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $25,084,083 and a 1% change in interest rates would increase or decrease interest income by approximately $250,000.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits and receivables. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits, and trade and other receivables represent the maximum exposure to credit risk, and as at December 31, 2020, this amounted to $26,826,938.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held through large Canadian financial institutions and no losses have been incurred in relation to these items. The Company’s receivables are comprised of trade accounts receivable and GST receivable. At December 31, 2020 the Company has $43,153 in trade accounts receivable outstanding over 60 days, of which the Company has recognized an allowance for doubtful accounts of $39,917.

Concentration of credit risk

Concentration of credit risk is the risk of reliance upon a select number of customers which significantly impact the financial performance of the Company. The Company recorded sales from 3 wholesale distributors of the Company representing 18% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020. Of the Company’s trade receivables outstanding at December 31, 2020, 81% are held with 3 customers of the Company.

 

35


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

21.

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued)

 

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to pay financial instrument liabilities as they come due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by reviewing on an ongoing basis its capital requirements. As at December 31, 2020, the Company has $25,084,083 of cash and cash equivalents. The Company is obligated to pay accounts payable and accrued liabilities and the current portion of the lease liabilities with a carrying amount of $2,018,663 (see also note 1).

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on fluctuations related to cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue that are denominated in US dollars. As at December 31, 2020, a 10% appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have increased net financial assets by approximately $102,312 (December 31, 2019 – $nil). A 10% depreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have had the equal but opposite effect.

Price Risk

The Company is exposed to price risk with respect to commodity prices. Commodity price risk is defined as the potential adverse impact on earnings and economic value due to commodity price movements and volatilities. The Company closely monitors commodity prices of raw materials to determine the appropriate course of action to be taken by the Company.

 

22.

Employee benefit expense

The breakdown of the wages and salaries costs within the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss for the years ending December 31, 2020, and 2019, are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Included in procurement expense

     

Wages and salaries

   $ 1,139,362      $ 562,740  

Share-based compensation

     296,384        11,749  

Included in fulfilment expense

     

Wages and salaries

     70,578        —    

Share-based compensation

     27,307        —    

Included in general and administrative expense

     

Wages and salaries

     2,176,732        149,317  

Share-based compensation

     2,370,059        179,227  

Included in marketing and investor relations expense

     

Share-based compensation

     3,982        1,328  

Included in research and development expense

     

Wages and salaries

     287,864        82,018  

Share-based compensation

     82,756        8,629  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total employee benefit expense

   $ 6,455,024      $ 995,008  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

36


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

23.

Capital management

The Company manages its capital structure and adjusts it based on the funds available to the Company in order to maintain operations. The Board of Directors does not establish quantitative return on capital criteria for management, but rather relies on the expertise of the Company’s management to sustain future development of the business. The Company defines capital that it manages as shareholders’ equity and debt. The Company has historically relied on debt and more recently the equity markets to fund its activities. Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes that this approach, given the relative size of the Company, is reasonable to ensure optimal capital structure to reduce cost of capital. The Company is not currently subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

 

24.

Commitments

Finance leases

 

  a)

On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for retail and storage space located at 6-1701 Douglas Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 5-year term, commencing on August 1, 2017 and expiring on July 31, 2022. The base rent due under the lease agreement is $1,252 per month during the first year and increases each subsequent year. For years 2-5, the monthly rent payable is equal to the current monthly minimum rent multiplied by the annual increase of the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) for the current lease year just ended over the previous lease year. CPI is defined as the consumer price index for the Greater Victoria Area issued by any bureau of statistics for the Government of Canada. The Company will also pay additional rent equivalent to 4% of the Company’s gross retail sales, excluding sales from wholesale orders, in excess of $2,000,000 per annum.

 

  b)

On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into a sub-lease agreement for kitchen and retail space located at 2527 Government Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 4.5-year term, expiring on June 30, 2023. The base rent due under the sub-lease agreement is $3,950 per month for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2019, $4,350 per month for the period from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, $4,600 per month for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, $4,800 per month for the period from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, and $5,050 per month for the period from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023.

Also, in relation to the January 1, 2019 sub-lease agreement, the Company entered into a rental agreement for the use of fixtures and equipment located at 2527 Government Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 4.5-year term, expiring on June 30, 2023. The rent due under the rental agreement is $250 per month for the period from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, $300 per month for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and $350 per month for the period from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2023.

 

  c)

On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on January 9, 2022. The Company is required to make 36 monthly payments of $1,858. At the expiration of the lease, the Company shall have the option to purchase the equipment for $10.

 

  d)

On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on January 9, 2022. The Company is required to make 36 monthly payments of $2,232.

 

  e)

On January 22, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a facility located in the Mount Pleasant area of Vancouver, BC, which commences September 1, 2020 for a 10-year term. The facility will house the Company’s second restaurant, along with space for research and

 

37


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

24.

Commitments (continued)

 

 

development, and offices. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $332,832 per annum for years 1-3, $348,434 per annum for years 4-6, and $369,236 per annum for years 7-10. The Company paid a security deposit of $246,237, which will be applied towards the rent due for each of the 3rd, 13th, and 25th months of the term, with the balance being held as a security deposit. As at December 31, 2020, a balance of $232,242 is included in prepaids and deposits. Of this amount, $43,502 (Note 7) is presented as current asset and the remaining balance as non-current asset. The lease agreement includes an option to renew for two consecutive five-year periods.

 

  f)

On April 8, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for storage space located in Victoria, BC. The lease is for 2 years and 16 days, commencing on April 15, 2020 and expiring on April 30, 2022. The base rent due under the lease agreement is $1,445 per month during the first year and $1,576 per month during the second year.

 

  g)

On June 4, 2020, the Company entered into agreements for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the purchase agreements, the Company is required to pay 30% deposit of the purchase price totaling $454,848, and the balance is due in 60 equal payments totaling $19,974 per month at an annual interest rate of 5%, starting from the date of the delivery. As at December 31, 2020, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposits of $454,848 are included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  h)

On August 31, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a production and distribution facility located in Patterson, California, which commenced on September 1, 2020. The term of this lease is for 5 years and 7 months, expiring on February 28, 2026, with 2 options to extend the term of the lease, each for an additional term of 5 years. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is US$24,743 per month starting April 1, 2021 and no rent is required for the period from September 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The base rent is to be adjusted by 3% on the 1st of April of each year commencing from April 1, 2021. The Company paid a security deposit of $410,189 (US$321,659) which is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  i)

On September 8, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for the storage space located in Victoria, BC. The lease is for 1 year and 7 months, commencing on October 1, 2020 and expiring on April 30, 2022. The base rent due under the lease agreement is $5,082 per month during the first year and $5,544 per month during the remaining term.

 

  j)

On September 22, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a facility located in the Victoria, BC, which commences January 1, 2021 for a 10-year term. The facility will house the Company’s third restaurant. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $44,975 per annum for years 1-2, $47,545 per annum for years 3-4, $50,115 per annum for years 5-6, $51,400 per annum for years 7-8, and $52,685 per annum for year 9-10. The lease agreement includes an option to renew for two consecutive five-year periods. The Company paid a security deposit of $12,256 which is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  k)

On November 11, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for the Rupert facility located in Vancouver, BC, for an initial 10-year term with renewal options for two additional 5-year terms. The facility comprises several units of approximately 45,000 square feet of production, refrigeration, warehousing, R&D and office space. Pursuant to the agreement, the lease commences June 1, 2021 with early possession permitted between January 11, 2021 and March 1, 2021. The annual base rent is $881,528 per annum for years 1 to 2, $961,306 per annum for years 3 to 4, $1,007,177 per annum in years 5 to 7, $1,053,048 per annum in years 8 to 9, and $1,098,919 per annum in year 10. The Company paid a security deposit of $222,249 which is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

38


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

24.

Commitments (continued)

 

Operating leases

As at December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any future payments required under non-cancellable operating leases contracted for but not capitalized in the financial statements.

 

25.

Segmented Information

The Company’s chief operating decision makers currently review the operating results of the Company as a single reportable operating segment – being the manufacture and distribution of vegan meats.

The Company operates in two geographic regions: Canada and the United States. The following is a summary of the Company’s activities by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

 

     Canada      United States      Total  

Total non-current assets as at December 31, 2020

   $ 3,407,364      $ 3,158,997      $ 6,566,361  

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020

   $ 4,003,507      $ 633,331      $ 4,636,838  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-current assets as at December 31, 2019

   $ 702,909      $ —        $ 702,909  

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019

   $ 999,797      $ —        $ 999,797  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

26.

Income taxes

A reconciliation of the expected income tax recovery to the actual income tax recovery is as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020     2019  

Net loss

   $ (13,858,000   $ (2,341,544

Statutory tax rate

     27     11
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Expected income tax recovery at the statutory tax rate

     (2,730,000     (258,000

Non-deductible items and other

     872,000       29,000  

Share issue costs

     (487,000     (9,000

Effect of change in statutory tax rates

     (1,291,000     —    

Change in recognized deferred assets

     3,636,000       238,000  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax recovery

   $ —       $ —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

 

     As at December 31  
     2020      2019  

Non-capital loss carry-forwards

   $ 3,321,000      $ 311,000  

Share issuance costs

     549,000        9,000  

Property and equipment, and leases

     63,000        (23,000
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     3,933,000        297,000  

Unrecognized deferred tax asset

     (3,933,000      (297,000
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net deferred income tax assets

   $ —        $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

39


The Very Good Food Company | Consolidated Financial Statements December 2020 and 2019

 

26.

Income taxes (continued)

 

As at December 31, 2020, the Company has non-capital loss carry forward of $12,304,000 (2019 – $2,327,000) in Canada that are available to reduce income otherwise taxable in future years. The non-capital losses will expire, if not used, starting in 2036.

 

27.

Events after the reporting period

 

  a)

On February 1, 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a warehouse facility located in Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 5-year term commencing February 1, 2021 and expiring on January 31, 2026. The facility comprises approximately 6,288 square feet of warehousing space. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $94,320 per annum for years 1-2, and $100,608 per annum for years 3-5. The Company paid a security deposit of $60,784, plus GST, which is included in prepaids and deposits at December 31, 2020.

 

  b)

On February 24, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of The Cultured Nut Inc. pursuant to a share purchase agreement. In consideration for the acquisition, the Company issued 139,676 common shares, paid $1,000,000 and agreed to pay $1,000,000 upon the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of The Cultured Nut Inc.’s business over a 12 month period.

 

  c)

On March 11, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc. pursuant to a share purchase agreement. In consideration for the acquisition, the Company issued 62,329 common shares, paid $325,000 and agreed to pay $350,000 upon the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the achievement of specific sales targets during the fiscal period ended December 31, 2021.

 

  d)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 99,167 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options with exercise prices ranging between $0.25 per share and $1.74 per share for gross proceeds of $209,118.

 

  e)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 350,183 common shares and 273,867 units pursuant to the exercise of warrants with exercise prices ranging between $1.30 per share and $4.50 per share for gross proceeds of $2,201,983 of which $19,500 was received at December 31, 2020. Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant with exercise prices ranging between $2.00 and $4.50 with terms ranging until between February 7, 2022, and June 4, 2022.

 

  f)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company granted a total of 4,580,000 stock options. The stock options granted have exercise prices ranging between $5.72 per share and $7.10 per share and expiry dates ranging between January 4, 2024 and January 29, 2026.

 

  g)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company issued a total of 34,303 common shares for marketing services.

 

  h)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, 120,000 unvested stock options were cancelled due to the departure of three employees.

 

40


LOGO

The Very Good Food Company Inc. 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, BC, V5M 3T7 Canada 1.855.526.9254 hello@verygoodfood 213892-001 .com www.verygoodfood.com

 

Exhibit 4.2

The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)


LOGO

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

To the Shareholders of The Very Good Food Company Inc.

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.) (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ deficiency, and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern

We draw attention to Note 1 to the financial statements, which describes events or conditions, that indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

Other Information

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.


Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

 

   

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

 

   

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.

 

   

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

 

   

Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

 

   

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

/s/ DMCL

DALE MATHESON CARR-HILTON LABONTE LLP

CHARTERED PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS

Vancouver, BC

May 14, 2020

 

LOGO


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

     Notes      December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

ASSETS

       

Current assets

       

Cash

      $ 405,610     $ 13,881  

Accounts receivable

     4        72,844       11,559  

Inventory

     5        55,923       2,500  

Prepaids and deposits

     6        82,653       18,214  

Due from shareholders

     13        24,280       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

        641,310       46,154  

Property and equipment

     7        309,509       78,949  

Right-of-use assets

     8        393,400       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

      $ 1,344,219     $ 125,103  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY

       

LIABILITIES

       

Current liabilities

       

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     9      $ 232,306     $ 151,790  

Deferred revenue

        7,576       —    

Loans payable

     10        31,181       66,040  

Current portion of convertible debentures

     11        329,099       —    

Current portion of lease liabilities

     12        135,325       27,361  

Due to shareholders

     13        —         58,421  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

        735,487       303,612  

Convertible debenture

     11        692,166       332,505  

Lease liabilities

     12        257,147       6,256  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

        1,684,800       642,373  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY

       

Share capital

     14        2,245,422       83  

Equity reserves

     15, 16        272,894       —    

Deficit

        (2,858,897     (517,353
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ deficiency

        (340,581     (517,270
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficiency

      $ 1,344,219     $ 125,103  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nature and continuance of operations (Note 1)

Commitments (Notes 12 and 21)

Events after the reporting period (Note 23)

Approved and authorized for issue by Board of Directors on May 14, 2020.

 

/s/ Mitchell Scott

   

/s/ James Davidson

Director     Director

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

4


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

            Years ended  
     Notes      December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Sales

      $ 999,797     $ 1,050,403  

Cost of sales

     5        685,963       650,654  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross margin

        313,834       399,749  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses

       

Advertising and promotion

      $ 43,571     $ 36,552  

Bank charges

        4,895       3,262  

Bad debt expense

        7,734       —    

Depreciation

     7, 8        161,583       19,785  

Insurance

        8,081       7,519  

Meals and entertainment

        12,426       8,999  

Office and administration

        118,176       54,809  

Professional fees

        976,768       104,552  

Rent

        46,815       52,596  

Repairs and maintenance

        35,132       2,314  

Research and development

        106,021       —    

Selling costs

        98,138       43,871  

Share-based compensation

     16        200,933       —    

Small tools and supplies

        87,708       43,052  

Telephone and utilities

        15,365       1,177  

Travel

        87,005       48,192  

Wages and benefits

     13        460,354       312,098  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

        2,470,705       738,778  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss before other items

        (2,156,871     (339,029

Other items

       

Impairment of property and equipment

     7        (11,405     —    

Interest expense

     17        (173,268     (59,693
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net and comprehensive loss

      $ (2,341,544   $ (398,722
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss per share – basic and diluted

      $ (0.06   $ (0.01
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic and diluted

        36,330,356       30,000,000  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

5


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficiency

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

Share capital

 
     Number of shares      Amount     Equity
reserves
     Deficit     Total
shareholders’
deficit
 

Balance at January 1, 2018

     30,000,000      $ 83     $ —        $ (118,631   $ (118,548

Net loss for the year

     —          —         —          (398,722     (398,722
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2018

     30,000,000        83       —          (517,353     (517,270

Issuance of units for cash

     12,332,002        1,849,800       —          —         1,849,800  

Issuance of units for services

     3,183,337        405,539       71,961        —         477,500  

Share issuance costs

     —          (10,000     —          —         (10,000

Share-based compensation

     —          —         200,933        —         200,933  

Net loss for the year

     —          —         —          (2,341,544     (2,341,544
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

     45,515,339      $ 2,245,422     $ 272,894      $ (2,858,897   $ (340,581
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

6


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

     Years ended  
     December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Operating activities

    

Net loss

   $ (2,341,544   $ (398,722

Adjustments for non-cash items:

    

Interest and accretion expense

     173,268       59,693  

Depreciation

     161,583       19,785  

Share-based compensation

     200,933       —    

Units issued for services

     477,500       —    

Impairment of property and equipment

     11,405       —    

Changes in non-cash working capital items:

    

Accounts receivable

     (61,285     (1,203

Inventory

     (53,423     —    

Prepaids and deposits

     (64,439     (10,073

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     47,608       168,736  

Deferred revenue

     7,576       (16,210

Due to related parties

     8,295       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (1,432,523     (177,994
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities

    

Purchase of property and equipment

     (281,921     (14,351
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (281,921     (14,351
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financing activities

    

Proceeds from issuance of units, net of issuance costs

     1,839,800       —    

Proceeds from shareholder loans

     33,000       222,655  

Repayments of shareholder loans

     (123,996     (294,332

Proceeds from loans payable

     127,344       125,150  

Repayments of loans payable

     (191,801     (141,705

Payments of lease liabilities

     (163,290     (34,962

Proceeds from convertible debt

     585,116       319,887  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     2,106,173       196,693  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Increase in cash

     391,729       4,348  

Cash, beginning

     13,881       9,533  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, ending

   $ 405,610     $ 13,881  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental cash flow disclosure (Note 18)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

7


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

1.

Nature and continuance of operations

The Very Good Food Company Inc. (formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.) (the “Company”) was incorporated on December 27, 2016, under the laws of the province of British Columbia, Canada, and its principal activity is the production and distribution of plant based meats, and the operation of a vegan restaurant in Victoria, BC, Canada. The Company changed its name from The Very Good Butchers Inc. to The Very Good Food Company Inc. on October 1, 2019.

The Company’s registered and records office are located at Suite 409 – 221 West Esplanade, North Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V7M 3J3.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Management is aware, in making its going concern assessment, of material uncertainties related to events and conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The continued operations of the Company are dependent on future profitable operations, management’s ability to manage costs and the future availability of equity or debt financing. Whether and when the Company can generate sufficient operating cash flows to pay for its expenditures and settle its obligations as they fall due is uncertain. These consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and statement of financial position classifications that would be necessary were the going concern assumption inappropriate. These adjustments could be material.

 

2.

Basis of Presentation

Statement of compliance

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and interpretations of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”).

Basis of presentation and consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: The Very Good Butchers Inc. (formerly 1218151 B.C. Ltd.), 1218169 B.C. Ltd., and 1218158 B.C. Ltd., companies incorporated on July 31, 2019, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and are based on historical costs, modified where applicable. The presentation and functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

 

8


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

2.

Basis of Presentation (continued)

 

Significant estimates and assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the Company to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. The Company’s management reviews these estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis, based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to estimates are adjusted for prospectively in the period in which the estimates are revised.

Judgments, estimates and assumptions where there is significant risk of material adjustments to assets and liabilities in future accounting periods include the application of the going concern assumption, net realizable value of inventory, collectability of accounts receivable, carrying value of property and equipment, right-of-use assets, the fair value measurements for financial instruments, the fair value of share-based payment transactions, and the recoverability and measurement of deferred tax assets.

 

3.

Significant accounting policies

Inventory

Inventory consists primarily of finished goods and raw materials. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. If the Company determines that the estimated net realizable value of its inventory is less than the carrying value of such inventory, it records a charge to cost of sales.

Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, due to/from shareholders, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loans payable, and convertible debentures.

The Company follows the requirements of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”). IFRS 9 utilizes a model for recognition and measurement of financial instruments in a single, forward-looking “expected loss” impairment model.

 

  (i)

Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortized cost; fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) – debt investment; FVOCI—equity investment; or FVTPL. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model. A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

 

   

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

 

9


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

  (i)

Classification and subsequent measurement (continued)

Financial assets (continued)

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

 

   

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis. All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

 

   

Financial assets at FVTPL: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

 

   

Financial assets at amortized cost: These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

 

   

Debt investments at FVOCI: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

 

   

Equity investments at FVOCI: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are never reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

 

10


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

 

  (ii)

Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. The Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized in its consolidated statement of financial position but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets. In these cases, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value.

On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

 

  (iii)

Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

  (iv)

Impairment

Financial assets and contract assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses (“ECL”) on:

 

   

financial assets measured at amortized cost;

 

   

debt investments measured at FVOCI; and

 

   

contract assets (as defined in IFRS 15).

The Company measures loss allowances on amounts receivable at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECL, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company’s historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information.

The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due.

 

11


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

 

  (iv)

Impairment (continued)

 

The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when:

 

   

the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realizing security (if any is held); or

 

   

the financial asset is more than 90 days past due.

Lifetime ECLs are the ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

12-month ECLs are the portion of ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months).

The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

Measurement of ECLs

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the entity expects to receive).

ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:

 

   

significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

 

   

a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due;

 

   

the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise;

 

   

it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or

Presentation of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

 

12


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

Amortization is calculated on a straight-line method to write off the cost of the assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives. The amortization rates applicable to each category of property and equipment are as follows:

 

                   Class of property and equipment    Amortization rate
 

Restaurant and production equipment

  

5 years

                

 

Furniture and fixtures

  

5 years

 

Computer equipment

  

1 year

 

Computer software

  

1 year

 

Leasehold improvements

  

Term of lease

Impairment of non-financial assets

At each reporting period, the Company assesses whether there are indicators of impairment for its non-financial assets. If indicators exist, the Company determines if the recoverable amount of the asset or cash generating unit (“CGU”) is greater than its carrying amount. A CGU is defined as the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets.

If the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset or CGU is recorded at its recoverable amount with the reduction recognized in profit or loss. The recoverable amount is the greater of the value in use or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is the amount the asset could be sold for in an arm’s length transaction. The value in use is the present value of the estimated future cash flows of the asset from its continued use. The fair value less costs to sell considers the continued development of a property and market transactions in a valuation model.

Impairments are reversed in subsequent periods when there has been an increase in the recoverable amount of a previously impaired asset or CGU and these reversals are recognized in profit or loss. The recovery is limited to the original carrying amount less depreciation, if any, that would have been recorded had the asset not been impaired.

 

13


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

Revenue recognition

The Company generates revenue from the sale of vegan meats through a storefront, a vegan restaurant, public markets, wholesale arrangements and online e-commerce sales. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant and none of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component.

The Company follows IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”), to recognize its revenue. IFRS 15 establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15 the Company’s accounting policy for revenue recognition is as follows: i) identify the contract with the customer; ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; iii) determine the transaction price; iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s); and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligation(s) are satisfied.

For storefront, restaurant and public market sales, revenue is recognized immediately upon providing the customer with the product. For wholesale arrangements and online e-commerce sales, revenue is recognized when delivery has occurred and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance. These criteria are generally met at the time the product leaves the Company’s premises and at that point, control has passed to the customer. Revenue is measured based on the price specified in the Company’s invoice provided to the customer. The Company does not have any multiple-element revenue arrangements. Revenue is presented net of discounts and sales and other related taxes.

Income taxes

Cost of sales includes the expenses incurred to acquire and produce inventory for sale, including product costs, freight costs, packaging costs and labour costs. In addition, cost of sales consists of provisions for reserves related to product shrinkage, excess or obsolete inventory, or lower of cost and net realizable value adjustments as required.

Current income tax:

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current period are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date, in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.

Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred income tax:

Deferred income tax is recognized, using the asset and liability method, on temporary differences at the reporting date arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and recognized only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

 

14


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred income taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Loss per share

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. For all periods presented, the loss attributable to common shareholders equals the reported loss attributable to owners of the Company. Diluted loss per share is calculated by the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the calculation of diluted loss per share assumes that the proceeds to be received on the exercise of dilutive share options and warrants are used to repurchase common shares at the average market price during the period.

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss is the change in the Company’s net assets that results from transactions, events and circumstances from sources other than the Company’s shareholders and includes items that are not included in the consolidated statement of loss.

Recently adopted accounting standards

On January 13, 2016, the IASB published a new standard, IFRS 16, Leases, eliminating the current dual accounting model for lessees, which distinguishes between on-balance sheet finance leases and off-balance sheet operating leases. Under the new standard, a lease becomes an on-balance sheet liability that attracts interest, together with a new right-of-use asset. In addition, lessees will recognize a front-loaded pattern of expense for most leases, even when cash rentals are constant. IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective approach under which the cumulative effect of initial application was recognized in retained earnings at January 1, 2019. Prior periods have not been restated for the impact of IFRS 16. Comparative information is still reported under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4. The impact of this change in accounting policy is noted below.

For contracts entered into before January 1, 2019, the Company determined whether the arrangement contained a lease under IAS 17. Prior to the adoption of IFRS 16, these leases were classified as operating or finance leases based on an assessment of whether the lease transferred significantly all the risks and rewards of ownership of the underlying asset. The Company leases retail space and equipment.

On transition, the Company elected to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the determination of which contract is or contains a lease and applied IFRS 16 to those contracts that were previously identified as leases. Upon transition to the new standard, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted by the Company’s incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019. The non-cash adjustment has been excluded from the consolidated statement of cash flows. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities recognized under IFRS 16 was 10.57%.

For contracts entered into subsequent to January 1, 2019 at inception of the contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease by evaluating if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. For contracts that contain a lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date.

 

15


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

Recently adopted accounting standards (continued)

 

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted by any initial direct costs, and costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset less any lease incentives. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the underlying asset or the end of the lease term. Under IFRS 16, right-of-use assets is tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36, Impairment of Assets. This replaced the previous requirement to recognize a provision for onerous lease contacts.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of lease payments to be paid subsequent to the commencement date of the lease, discounted either at the interest rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The lease payments measured in the initial lease liability include payments for an optional renewal period, if any, if the Company is reasonably certain that it will exercise a renewal extension option. The liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method and will be remeasured when there is a change in either the future lease payments or assessment of whether an extension or other option will be exercised. The lease liability is subsequently adjusted for lease payments and interest on the obligation. Interest expense on the lease obligation is included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

On transition, the Company elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a lease term of less than 12 months and for low value leases and recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, as permitted by IFRS 16. See Note 8 for a continuity schedule of the right-of-use assets. See Note 12 for a continuity schedule of the lease liabilities.

Adoption of IFRS 16 had the following impact on the consolidated statement of financial position as at January 1, 2019:

 

     (As Previously
Reported Under
IAS 17)
               
     December 31,
2018
     IFRS 16
Effects
     January 1,
2019
 

Assets

        

Property and equipment

   $ 78,949      $ (45,271    $ 33,678  

Right-of-use assets

     —          122,930        122,930  

Total Assets

     125,103        77,659        202,762  

Liabilities

        

Current liabilities

        

Current portion of lease liabilities

     27,361        15,742        43,103  

Total current liabilities

     303,612        15,742        319,354  

Lease liabilities

     6,256        61,917        68,173  

Total Liabilities

   $ 642,373      $ 77,659      $ 720,032  

 

16


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

3.

Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

Accounting standards issued but not yet effective

Other accounting standards or amendments to existing accounting standards that have been issued but have future effective dates are either not applicable or are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification of prior year comparative figures

Certain comparative figures in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

 

4.

Accounts receivable

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Trade accounts receivable

   $ 38,211      $ 11,559  

GST Input tax credits

     34,633        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 72,844      $ 11,559  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

5.

Inventory

Inventory consisted primarily of finished goods, raw materials and packaging supplies, which were either at the retail location or in the office storage space.

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Finished goods

   $ 22,816      $ 2,500  

Raw materials

     25,057        —    

Packaging supplies

     8,050        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 55,923      $ 2,500  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2019, $295,457 (2018—$373,352) of inventory was sold and recognized in cost of sales.

 

6.

Prepaid and deposits

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Prepaid expenses

   $ 56,341      $ 7,974  

Security deposits

     26,312        5,240  

Development costs

     —          5,000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 82,653      $ 18,214  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

17


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

7.

Property and equipment

 

     Restaurant
and
Production
Equipment
    Furniture
and
Fixtures
    Computer
Equipment
    Computer
Software
    Leasehold
Improvements
    Vehicle     Total  

Cost:

              

At January 1, 2018

   $ 31,841     $ 9,254     $ 891     $ 9,269     $ 16,202     $ —       $ 67,457  

Additions

     27,864       848       —         —         13,503       —         42,215  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2018

     59,705       10,102       891       9,269       29,705       —         109,672  

IFRS 16 transition adjustment

     (58,634     —         —         —         —         —         (58,634

Additions

     196,449       7,928       11,250       —         40,731       61,222       317,580  

Transferred from right-of-use assets

     19,415       —         —         —         —         —         19,415  

Impairment

     (21,422     —         —         —         —         —         (21,422
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

   $ 195,513     $ 18,030     $ 12,141     $ 9,269     $ 70,436     $ 61,222     $ 366,611  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Depreciation and impairment:

 

       

At January 1, 2018

   $ (2,872   $ (925   $ (245   $ (4,634   $ (2,262   $ —       $ (10,938

Depreciation

     (8,700     (1,865     (646     (4,635     (3,939     —         (19,785
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2018

     (11,572     (2,790     (891     (9,269     (6,201     —         (30,723

IFRS 16 transition adjustment

     13,363       —         —         —         —         —         13,363  

Depreciation

     (22,855     (3,323     (3,715     —         (13,744     (6,122     (49,759

Impairment

     10,017       —         —         —         —         —         10,017  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

   $ (11,047   $ (6,113   $ (4,606   $ (9,269   $ (19,945   $ (6,122   $ (57,102
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book value:

              

At December 31, 2018

   $ 48,133     $ 7,312     $ —       $ —       $ 23,504     $ —       $ 78,949  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

   $ 184,466     $ 11,917     $ 7,535     $ —       $ 50,491     $ 55,100     $ 309,509  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company’s finance lease obligations are secured by the lessor’s title to the leased assets.

 

18


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

8.

Right-of-use assets

 

     Right-of-Use
Building
     Right-of-Use
Equipment
     Total  

Cost:

        

Balance, January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018

   $ —        $ —        $ —    

IFRS 16 transition adjustment

     77,659        58,634        136,293  

Additions

     212,196        189,513        401,709  

Transferred to property and equipment

     —          (31,840      (31,840
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

     289,855        216,307        506,162  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Depreciation and impairment:

        

Balance, January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018

     —          —          —    

IFRS 16 transition adjustment

     —          (13,363      (13,363

Depreciation

     (68,827      (42,997      (111,824

Transferred to property and equipment

     —          12,425        12,425  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

     (68,827      (43,935      (112,762
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying amounts:

        

Balance, December 31, 2018

   $ —        $ —        $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

   $ 221,028      $ 172,372      $ 393,400  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

9.

Accounts payables and accrued liabilities

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Accounts payable

   $ 160,095      $ 72,853  

Accrued liabilities

     71,680        63,620  

Government remittances payable

     531        15,317  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 232,306      $ 151,790  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

10.

Loans payable

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Balance, beginning

   $ 66,040      $ 49,973  

Additions

     127,344        125,150  

Interest expense

     29,598        32,622  

Repayments

     (191,801      (141,705
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, ending

   $ 31,181      $ 66,040  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

19


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

10.

Loans payable (continued)

 

The Company’s loans payable outstanding as at December 31, 2018, are as follows:

 

     Opening      Principal      Interest      Repayment     Total  

Loan 1

   $ 25,123      $ —        $ —        $ (25,123   $ —    

Loan 2

     24,850        —          —          (24,850     —    

Loan 3

     —          56,550        12,728        (31,456     37,822  

Loan 4

     —          15,000        4,350        (19,350     —    

Loan 5

     —          8,000        2,320        (10,320     —    

Loan 6

     —          13,000        3,770        (16,770     —    

Loan 7

     —          15,000        4,350        (13,836     5,514  

Loan 8

     —          17,600        5,104        —         22,704  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 49,973      $ 125,150      $ 32,622      $ (141,705   $ 66,040  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company’s loans payable outstanding as at December 31, 2019, are as follows:

 

     Opening      Principal      Interest      Repayment     Total  

Loan 3

   $ 37,822      $ —        $ 2,985      $ (37,737   $ 3,070  

Loan 7

     5,514        —          —          (5,514     —    

Loan 8

     22,704        —          3,272        (25,976     —    

Loan 9

     —          50,000        10,698        (47,587     13,111  

Loan 10

     —          40,000        —          (25,000     15,000  

Loan 11

     —          37,344        12,643        (49,987     —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 66,040      $ 127,344      $ 29,598      $ (191,801   $ 31,181  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans 1 and 2, and Loans 4 through 9, are interest bearing at 21% per annum, unsecured with no set terms of repayment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company repaid Loans 1 and 2, and Loans 4 through 6. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company repaid Loans 7 and 8.

Loan 3 is interest bearing at 23.08% per annum, payable monthly, secured against the Company’s net assets as at the reporting date with personal guarantees from the CEO and a director, and due on January 13, 2020. In addition, the Company paid a fee of $3,450 as issuance costs. Loan 3 was subsequently repaid.

Loan 10 was executed for the purchase of a vehicle. Loan 10 is non-interest bearing, secured against the purchased vehicle, and due on May 1, 2020. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company made a down payment of $15,000, and is to make 10 monthly instalments of $4,000. Loan 10 was subsequently repaid.

Loan 11 is interest bearing at 68% per annum, with payments of $480 required on each business day, secured against the Company’s net assets as at the reporting date with personal guarantees from the CEO and a director, and due on September 4, 2019. The Company also incurred an original issue discount of $11,087 and loan fees of $1,556. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company repaid Loan 11.

 

20


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

11.

Convertible debentures

 

  a)

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued $351,000 in convertible debentures. In connection with the issuance of the debentures, the Company incurred financing costs of $31,113 and received a net amount of $319,887. On January 11, 2019, the Company completed additional financing of $249,000 in convertible debentures from the same lender. In connection with the issuance of the debentures, the Company incurred financing costs of $20,284 and received a net amount of $228,716. The debentures are unsecured, accrue simple interest at 6% per annum and mature on November 30, 2021. The convertible debentures automatically convert at the earlier of:

 

  (i)

Qualified financing conversion – if the Company raises gross proceeds of at least $2,000,000, other than convertible notes. The debt will covert at the lower of:

 

  a.

85% of the lowest price sold in the qualified financing;

 

  b.

the price determined by dividing $7,500,000 by the number of outstanding common shares in the capital of the Company on a fully diluted basis

 

  (ii)

Liquidity event – if the Company sells shares or assets which triggers a change in control. The debt will convert at the lower of:

 

  a.

85% of the price of the highest-ranking shares based on the valuation given at the liquidity event.

 

  b.

the price determined by dividing $7,500,000 by the number of outstanding common shares in the capital of the Company on a fully diluted basis

 

  (iii)

Maturity date – November 30, 2021. The debt will convert at the lower of:

 

  a.

85% of the price per common shares issued by the Company during the 6-month period preceding the maturity date.

 

  b.

the price determined by dividing $7,500,000 by the number of outstanding common shares in the capital of the Company on a fully diluted basis

As the number of shares to be issued are variable, the convertible debentures are accounted for as a liability with no embedded conversion feature. The effective interest rate of 21% per annum is used, based on the interest rate for loans payable. The financing costs have been netted against the principal balance of the debentures and will be accreted over the term of the debentures using the effective interest method.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized interest and accretion expense of $41,031 (2018 – $12,618). As at December 31, 2019, a total of $602,252 (2018 – $332,505) is outstanding for principal and accrued interest, net of unamortized debt financing costs of $22,784 (2018 – $31,113).

 

21


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

11.

Convertible debentures (continued)

 

  b)

On June 20, 2019, the Company completed a financing of convertible debentures in the principal amount of $300,000, which bears compound interest at 1.5% per month, and matures on December 31, 2019. In connection with the issuance of the debentures, the Company paid a finders’ fee of $30,000 and received a net amount of $270,000. These debentures become convertible if the Company undergoes a change of control, amalgamation, merger or other business combination resulting in a “going public transaction”, or in the process of any such transaction raises funds in excess of $2,000,000 as part of the Company’s “going public transaction” (“Qualified Financing”). The debentures will be convertible at a price per share, or per unit, which is equal to the lesser of 85% of the lowest price per share, or unit, sold in the Qualified Financing.

As the number of shares to be issued are variable, the convertible debentures are accounted for as a liability with no embedded conversion feature. The effective interest rate of 21% per annum is used, based on the interest rate for loans payable. The convertible debentures are accreted up over the payment term using the effective interest method.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized interest and accretion expense of $59,099. As at December 31, 2019, a total of $329,099 is outstanding for principal and accrued interest, net of unamortized debt financing costs of $nil.

 

  c)

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into convertible promissory notes totaling $86,400, of which $75,000 were received for cash and $11,400 in consideration for consulting fees. The debentures have the same terms as the convertible debentures in a).

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized interest expense totaling $3,514. As at December 31, 2019, a total of $89,914 is outstanding for principal and accrued interest.

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Balance, beginning

   $ 332,505      $ —    

Additions, net of transaction costs

     585,116        319,887  

Interest and accretion expense

     103,644        12,618  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, ending

   $ 1,021,265      $ 332,505  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

12.

Lease liabilities

Lease liabilities consist of leases for retail and storage space, and restaurant production equipment. The leases have been discounted using a 10.57% weighted average interest rate.

 

Lease liability at December 31, 2018

   $ 33,616  

IFRS 16 transition adjustment

     77,659  

Additions

     401,709  

Less: lease payments

     (163,289

Interest expense

     42,777  
  

 

 

 

Lease liability at December 31, 2019

     392,472  

Less: current portion

     135,325  
  

 

 

 

Long-term portion

   $ 257,147  
  

 

 

 

 

22


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

12.

Lease liabilities (continued)

 

The Company’s future minimum lease payments for the retail and storage space leases and equipment is as follows:

 

     Retail and
Storage
Space
     Equipment      Total  

Fiscal year ending December 31, 2020

   $ 82,064      $ 87,573      $ 169,637  

Fiscal year ending December 31, 2021

     84,046        76,289        160,335  

Fiscal year ending December 31, 2022

     75,227        13,546        88,773  

Fiscal year ending December 31, 2023

     30,300        2,100        32,400  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total lease payments

     271,637        179,508        451,145  

Amounts representing interest over the term of the lease

     (31,566      (27,107      (58,673
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Present value of net lease payments

     240,071        152,401        392,472  

Less: Current portion

     66,254        69,071        135,325  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term portion

   $ 173,817      $ 83,330      $ 257,147  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

13.

Related party transactions

Related party balances

As at December 31, 2019, the Company has $18,722 (2018 – $55,464 owing to) owing from the Chief Executive Officer, director and significant shareholder of the Company for expenses paid on behalf of the Company and wages payable. The amount is unsecured, non-interest bearing and has no fixed terms of repayment.

As at December 31, 2019, the Company has $5,558 (2018 – $2,957 owing to) owing from a director of the Company for expenses paid on behalf of the Company and wages payable. The amount is unsecured, non-interest bearing and has no fixed terms of repayment.

As at December 31, 2019, the Company has $3,413 (2018 – $nil) owing to the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, which is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The amount is unsecured, non-interest bearing and has no fixed terms of repayment.

As at December 31, 2019, the Company has $5,815 (2018 – $nil) owing from the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, which is included in prepaids and deposits for prepayment of professional fees.

As at December 31, 2019, the Company has $nil (2018 – $33) owing from a shareholder of the Company. The amount is unsecured, non-interest bearing and has no fixed terms of repayment.

Related party transactions

During the year ended December 31, 2019, $95,027 (2018 – $72,603) was incurred as salaries to the CEO and a director of the Company.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $84,844 (2018 – $nil) of professional fees to the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, of which $27,500 was paid by the issuance of 183,337 units. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

 

23


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

13.

Related party transactions (continued)

 

During the year ended December 31, 2019, $179,227 (2018 – $nil) was recognized as share based payments for stock options granted to the officers and directors of the Company.

 

14.

Share capital

Authorized share capital

Unlimited number of common shares without par value.

Share subdivisions

On August 8, 2018, the Company completed a non-cash subdivision of its 8 outstanding common shares into 3,000,000 common shares.

On June 20, 2019, the Company completed a non-cash subdivision of the existing 3,000,000 shares into 30,000,000 common shares.

All share and per share amounts in these consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the share subdivisions.

Issued share capital

 

  a)

On July 31, 2019, the Company closed a private placement of 12,332,002 units for gross proceeds of $1,849,800. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

 

  b)

On August 19, 2019, pursuant to a consultancy agreement entered into January 1, 2019, the Company issued 3,000,000 units with a fair value of $450,000, of which $67,814 was allocated to warrants. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

 

  c)

During the year ended December 31, 2019, pursuant to a management services agreement entered into July 15, 2019, with the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, the Company issued a total of 183,337 units with a fair value of $27,500, of which $4,147 was allocated to warrants. Each unit issued was comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

 

15.

Warrants

The following table summarizes information about the warrants at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the changes for the periods then ended:

 

     Number of
warrants
     Weighted
average
exercise

price
 

Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018

     —        $ —    

Issued

     7,757,670        0.30  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2019

     7,757,670      $ 0.30  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

24


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

15.

Warrants (continued)

 

The Company’s warrants are exercisable only for common shares. The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019:

 

Exercise price

   Expiry
date
     Warrants
outstanding
     Weighted average
remaining
contracted life

(years)
 

$0.30

     July 31, 2020        6,174,335        0.58  

$0.30

     August 16, 2020        1,500,000        0.63  

$0.30

     August 30, 2020        16,667        0.67  

$0.30

     September 30, 2020        16,667        0.75  

$0.30

     October 31, 2020        16,667        0.84  

$0.30

     November 30, 2020        16,667        0.92  

$0.30

     December 31, 2020        16,667        1.00  

The fair value of warrants issued for services was determined to be $71,961 and estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model with the following assumptions:

 

     2019  

Risk-free interest rate

     1.57

Dividend yield

     0

Expected volatility

     150

Expected life (years)

     1.0  

Forfeiture rate

     0

 

16.

Stock Options

The Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock incentive plan in accordance with the policies of the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “Exchange”), of which the Company has applied for a listing. Refer to Note 20. The Board of Directors is authorized to grant options to directors, officers, consultants or employees to acquire up to 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. The exercise price will not be less than $0.10 per share and, in the event that the Company is listed on the Exchange, the market price of the common shares on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the grant, less applicable discounts permitted by the Exchange. The options that may be granted under this plan must be exercisable for over a period of not exceeding 5 years.

The following table summarizes the continuity of the Company’s stock options:

 

     Number of
options
     Weighted
average
exercise price
 

Outstanding, January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018

     —        $ —    

Granted

     1,513,500        0.25  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2019

     1,513,500      $ 0.25  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable, December 31, 2019

     1,513,500      $ 0.25  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

25


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

16.

Stock Options (continued)

 

Additional information regarding stock options outstanding as at September 30, 2019, is as follows:

 

Exercise price

   Stock options
outstanding
     Stock options
exercisable
     Expiry date  

$0.25

     1,513,500        1,513,500        December 31, 2024  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    
     1,513,500        1,513,500     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

The weighted average remaining life of options outstanding is 5.0 years.

Share-based compensation expense is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $200,933 (2018 - $nil) in equity reserves, of which $179,227 (2018—$nil) pertains to directors and officers of the Company. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019, was $0.13 (2018 - $nil) per share. Weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based compensation expense are as follows:

 

     2019     2018  

Risk-free interest rate

     1.68     —    

Dividend yield

     0     —    

Expected volatility

     150     —    

Expected life (years)

     5.0       —    

Forfeiture rate

     0     —    

 

17.

Interest expense

Interest expense is comprised of the following:

 

     Year ended
December 31,
2019
     Year ended
December 31,
2018
 

Interest on short term loans (Note 10)

   $ 29,598      $ 32,622  

Interest on finance lease obligations (Note 12)

     42,777        14,453  

Interest recorded on convertible debentures (Note 11)

     103,644        12,618  

Other interest income

     (2,751      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 173,268      $ 59,693  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

18.

Supplemental cash flow disclosure

 

     Year ended
December 31,
2019
     Year ended
December 31,
2018
 

Adoption of IFRS 16

   $ 77,659      $ —    

ROU assets reclassified to property and equipment

     19,415        —    

Property and equipment purchase in accounts payable

     35,659        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 132,733      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

26


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

19.

Financial instruments and financial risk management

Fair value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were presented on the Company’s consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2019, as follows:

 

     Fair Value Measurements Using         
     Quoted prices in
active markets for
identical
instruments
(Level 1)
     Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
     Balance,
December 31,
2019
 

Cash

   $ 405,610      $ —        $ —        $ —    

Convertible debentures

     —          —          1,021,265        1,021,265  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ —        $ —        $ 1,021,265      $ 1,021,265  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2019, the fair value of financial instruments measured on a recurring basis include convertible debentures based on level 3 inputs, consisting of significant unobservable inputs. The fair value of all other financial instruments approximate their carrying values due to the relatively short-term maturity of these instruments.

Risk factors

The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks. The Board of Directors approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of documented investment policies, counterparty limits, and controlling and reporting structures. The type of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed is provided as follows:

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the other party to incur a financial loss. The Company’s primary exposure to credit risk is in its cash. This risk is managed through the use of a major bank which is a high credit quality financial institution as determined by rating agencies. The Company’s secondary exposure to risk is on its other current assets. The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company has a planning and budgeting process in place to help determine the funds required to support the Company’s normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis. The Company ensures that there are sufficient funds to meet its short-term business requirements, taking into account its anticipated cash flows from operations and its holdings of cash.

Historically, the Company’s sole source of funding has been from shareholder loans, loans payable and convertible debentures. The Company’s access to financing is always uncertain. There can be no assurance of continued access to significant debt or equity funding.

 

27


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

19.

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued)

 

The following is an analysis of the contractual maturities of the Company’s non-derivative financial liabilities as at December 31, 2019:

 

     Within one
year
     Between one
and five years
     More than
five years
 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 232,306      $ —        $ —    

Deferred revenue

     7,576        —          —    

Loans payable

     31,181        —          —    

Convertible debt

     329,099        692,166        —    

Finance lease obligations

     135,325        257,147        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 735,487      $ 949,313      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign exchange risk

The Company is not exposed to any significant foreign exchange rate risk.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company does not have floating rate debt, but the short-term debt has maturities less than a year and could lead to interest rate exposure if the Company decides to renew this debt. A 1% change in market interest rates would have an impact on the Company’s net loss of $1,732.

 

20.

Capital management

The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, based on the funds available to the Company, in order to support the general operations of the Company and facilitate the liquidity needs of its operations. The Company’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor and creditor confidence, safeguard the Company’s ability to support the expansion of sales and production of product and the development of new production sustain future development of the business. The Board of Directors does not establish quantitative return on capital criteria for management, but rather relies on the expertise of the Company’s management to sustain future development of the business. The Company defines capital to include its working capital position, share capital, and accumulated deficit. Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes that this approach, given the relative size of the Company, is reasonable. There were no changes in the Company’s approach to capital management during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

 

21.

Commitments

Finance leases

 

  a)

On July 20, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease was for a 2-year term, expiring on July 20, 2019. The Company was required to make monthly payments of $623. At the expiration of the lease, the Company exercised the option to purchase the equipment for $10.

 

  b)

On August 3, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease was for a 2-year term, expiring on August 3, 2019. The Company was required to make monthly payments of $414. At the expiration of the lease, the Company exercised the option to purchase the equipment for $10.

 

28


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

21.

Commitments (continued)

Finance leases (continued)

 

  c)

On August 24, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease was for a 2-year term, expiring on August 24, 2019. The Company was required to make monthly payments of $811. At the expiration of the lease, the Company exercised the option to purchase the equipment for $10.

 

  d)

On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for the retail and storage space located at 6-1701 Douglas Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 5-year term, commencing on August 1, 2017 and expiring on July 31, 2022. The base rent due under the lease agreement is $1,252 per month during the first year and increases each subsequent year. The Company will also pay additional rent equivalent to 4% of the Company’s gross retail sales, excluding sales from wholesale orders, in excess of $2,000,000 per annum.

 

  e)

On March 28, 2018, the Company entered into four lease agreements for restaurant production equipment. The leases are for a 3-year term, expiring on March 28, 2021. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $289. At the expiration of the lease, the Company has the option to purchase the equipment for the price of $10.

 

  f)

On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into a sub-lease agreement for kitchen and retail space located at 2527 Government Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 4.5-year term, expiring on June 30, 2023. The base rent due under the sub-lease agreement is $3,950 per month for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2019, $4,350 per month for the period from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, $4,600 per month for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, $4,800 per month for the period from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, and $5,050 per month for the period from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023.

Also, in relation to the January 1, 2019 sub-lease agreement, the Company entered into a rental agreement for the use of fixtures and equipment located at 2527 Government Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 4.5-year term, expiring on June 30, 2023. The rent due under the rental agreement is $250 per month for the period from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, $300 per month for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and $350 per month for the period from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2023.    

 

  g)

On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on January 9, 2022. The Company is required to make monthly payments of $1,858. At the expiration of the lease, the Company has the option to purchase the equipment for $10.

 

  h)

On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on January 9, 2022. The Company is required to make monthly payments of $2,232.

 

  i)

On March 27, 2019, the Company entered into three lease agreements for equipment. The leases are for a 3-year term, expiring on March 27, 2022. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $188.

 

  j)

On October 2, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on October 2, 2022. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $187.

 

29


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

21.

Commitments (continued)

 

Operating leases

As at December 31, 2019, future payments required under non-cancellable operating leases contracted for but not capitalized in the consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

Fiscal year ending December 31, 2020

   $ 7,464  

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized an expense of $46,815 (2018 – $52,596) resulting from minimum lease payments incurred.

Other commitments

On July 15, 2019 the Company entered into a consulting agreement pursuant to which they engaged Mr. Bonnell as our Chief Financial Officer. Under the terms of the agreement, Mr. Bonnell is paid $5,000 on the 1st day of each month and $5,000 in units, at a price per unit equal to the greater of $0.15 and the market price of the common shares. Each unit issued is comprised of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances. The agreement is currently extended on a month to month basis.

 

22.

Income tax expense

A reconciliation of the expected income tax recovery to the actual income tax recovery is as follows:

 

     Year ended
December 31,
2019
    Year ended
December 31,
2018
 

Net loss

   $ (2,341,544   $ (398,722

Statutory tax rate

     27     27
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Expected income tax recovery at the statutory tax rate

   $ (632,000   $ (108,000

Non-deductible items and other

     56,000       1,000  

Share issue costs

     (3,000     —    

Adjustments to prior years provision versus statutory tax returns

     44,000       11,000  

Change in recognized deferred assets

     535,000       96,000  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax recovery

   $ —       $ —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

30


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

22.

Income tax expense (continued)

 

The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Non-capital loss carry-forwards

   $ 629,000      $ 121,000  

Share issuance costs

     3,000        —    

Property and equipment

     25,000        1,000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 657,000      $ 122,000  

Unrecognized deferred tax asset

     (657,000      (122,000
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net deferred income tax assets

   $ —        $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2019, the Company has non-capital loss carry forward of 2,327,000 (2018—$447,000) in Canada that are available to reduce income otherwise taxable in future years. The non-capital losses will expire, if not used, starting in 2036.

 

23.

Events after the reporting period

 

  a)

On January 1, 2020, amended on April 29, 2020, the Company granted 2,100,000 stock options to certain officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company and 1,000,000 bonus options to the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, exercisable for a period of five years until January 1, 2025 at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The stock options vest as follows: the first third vesting on January 1, 2020; the second third vesting on May 1, 2020 and the final third vesting on September 1, 2020.

 

  b)

On January 1, 2020, the Company granted 1,000,000 bonus options to the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, exercisable for a period of five years until January 1, 2025 at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The stock options will vest in five instalments over the course of 16 months from the date of grant.

 

  c)

On January 22, 2020, the Company entered into a lease for a restaurant, research and development, production, and distribution facility in Vancouver, B.C., which commences September 1, 2020 for a 10 year term. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $332,832 per annum for years 1-3, $348,434 per annum for years 4-6, and $369,236 per annum for years 7-10. The Company paid a security deposit of $246,237, which will be applied towards the rent due for each of the 3rd, 13th, and 25th months of the term, with the balance being held as a security deposit. The lease agreement includes an option to renew for two consecutive five-year periods.

 

  d)

On February 11, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and a director of the Company (the “Lenders”), whereby the Lenders agreed to loan the Company up to a maximum aggregate loan amount of $1,200,000 (the “Principal”), in three equal tranches of $400,000. The outstanding amount of the Principal matures on May 11, 2021, and bears interest from and after the date of each advance until repayment at the rate of 0.67% per month, simple interest. The Company also executed a general security agreement with the Lenders, which creates a security interest over all present and after acquired personal property of the Company.

 

31


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

(formerly The Very Good Butchers Inc.)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

 

 

23.

Events after the reporting period (continued)

 

  e)

The Company has filed a prospectus for an Initial Public Offering (the “Offering”) consisting of 14,000,000 common shares for proceeds of $3,500,000. The Company agreed to pay a commission of 8% of the gross proceeds, payable in cash or common shares, at the option of the agent. The Company will also grant agent warrants entitling the agent to purchase the number of common shares equal to 8% of the number of common shares sold in the Offering. The agent’s warrant’s will be exercisable at $0.25 per share for a period of 12 months from the closing date. The Offering is subject to a 15% over-allotment option at the sole discretion of the agent. The Company has applied to list its common shares on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “CSE”). Closing of the Offering is conditional on the common shares being approved for listing on the CSE.

 

  f)

The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus COVID-19, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has led to adverse impacts on the Canadian and global economies, disruptions of financial markets, and created uncertainty regarding potential impacts to the Company’s supply chain and operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and could further impact the Company’s operations and the operations of the Company’s customers, suppliers and vendors as a result of quarantines, facility closures, and travel and logistics restrictions. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration, spread, severity, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s customers, suppliers and vendors and the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by local and federal governments, and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. The management team is closely following the progression of COVID-19 and its potential impact on the Company. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, the Company may experience adverse impacts to its business as a result of any economic recession or depression that has occurred or may occur in the future. Therefore, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the impact at this time on its business, liquidity, capital resources and financial results. The Company has determined that these events are non-adjusting subsequent events. Accordingly, the financial position and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 have not been adjusted to reflect their impact.

 

32

Exhibit 4.3

 

LOGO

The Very Good Food Company | 2020 Annual Report MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

     2  

2020 HIGHLIGHTS

     3  

CORPORATE OVERVIEW

     5  

OUR STRATEGIC PROGRESS

     8  

OUTLOOK

     11  

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW

     15  

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

     16  

QUARTERLY RESULTS

     23  

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

     24  

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     29  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

     30  

RISKS AND UNCERTAINITIES

     31  


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

The 2020 Annual Report of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (“VERY GOOD” or “the Company”), including this management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”), contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws in Canada. Statements containing forward-looking information are not historical facts but instead represent management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events or circumstances. Any such forward-looking information may be identified by words such as “proposed”, “expects”, “intends”, “may”, “will”, and similar expressions.

This forward-looking information includes, but is not limited to, statements relating to: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (‘’COVID-19’’) and its impacts on VERY GOOD’s business; the Company’s business strategy and growth plans; the Company’s capital expenditures and operations; anticipated production volume capacities of the production facilities; the Company’s ability to increase wholesale distribution in Canada and in the United States (“US”); VERY GOOD’s acquisition strategy; plans for, and the timing of, the launch of The Very Good Cheese Co. brand in the second quarter of 2021 and the Company’s new “Butcher’s Select” gluten-free line of products in the third quarter of 2021; expectations regarding the scaling of the Company’s retail network; the Company’s plans to obtain non-GMO certification for its products and sustainability certifications and be both carbon and plastic neutral in the future, and the closing of the proposed credit facility financing.

Forward-looking information is based on the Company’s opinions, estimates and assumptions in light of its experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company currently believes are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances. Despite a careful process to prepare and review the forward-looking information, there can be no assurance that the underlying opinions, estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct. Certain assumptions in respect of the impact of COVID-19; no material deterioration in general business and economic conditions; no material fluctuations of interest rates and foreign exchange rates; continued strong demand for VERY GOOD’s products; the construction, costs, schedules, approvals and anticipated benefits of planned capital projects; the availability of sufficient financing on reasonable terms to fund capital requirements associated with existing operations and capital projects; the ability to obtain necessary equipment, production inputs and labour; the ability to retain senior management and other key personnel; the competitive environment conditions; the execution of the Company’s business strategy and growth plans and the impact thereof; future performance including future financial objectives are all material assumptions made in preparing forward-looking information and management’s expectations.

Forward-looking information is based on a number of opinions, estimates and assumptions that we considered appropriate and reasonable as of the date such statements are made and is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those set forth under the “Risks and Uncertainties” section of this MD&A. If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the opinions, estimates or assumptions underlying the forward-looking information prove incorrect, actual results or future events might vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information.

The forward-looking information contained in this MD&A represents the Company’s expectations as of April 26, 2021 and is subject to change after such date. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws in Canada.

 

2


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The following MD&A is intended to help the reader understand the financial condition and results of the operations of The Very Good Food Company Inc. and constitutes management’s review of the factors that affected the Company’s financial and operating performance for the year ended December 31, 2020. This MD&A has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 together with the notes thereto, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The results for the year ended December 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Some of the financial measures we provide in this MD&A are non-GAAP financial measures that have no standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, starting on page 16, for more information on the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations thereof.

All amounts in this MD&A are expressed in Canadian dollars, except where otherwise indicated. All references to “we”, “us” or “our” refer to the Company, together with its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis. The information contained in this MD&A, including forward-looking statements, is current as of April 26, 2021 unless otherwise stated.

Additional information regarding the Company is available on the SEDAR website for Canadian regulatory filings at www.sedar.com, and on the Company’s website at www.verygoodfood.com.

2020 HIGHLIGHTS

We use certain operational and financial metrics to measure our performance. These key metrics are highlighted below:

Operational Metrics

 

     Three months ended December 31      Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019      2020      2019  

For the period ended:

           

Production volume sold by channel (units)

           

eCommerce

     105,874        9,499        319,682        21,444  

Wholesale

     44,280        6,461        169,711        22,718  

Number of eCommerce orders

     13,580        1,511        40,322        4,357  

As at period end:

           

Production capacity (lbs)

           20,000        8,100  

Number of product SKUs manufactured

           14        13  

Number of wholesale distribution points(1)

           1,300        100  

 

(1) 

Wholesale distribution points are defined as the number of retail stores multiplied by the number of SKUs.

 

3


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Financial Highlights

 

     Three months ended December 31     Year ended December 31  
     2020     2019     2020     2019  

Revenue by channel

        

eCommerce

   $  1,438,931     $ 118,721     $ 3,382,458     $ 225,121  

Wholesale

     255,276       56,841       840,490       156,137  

Butcher Shop, Restaurant and Other

     142,475       153,304       413,890       618,539  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 1,836,682     $ 328,866     $ 4,636,838     $ 999,797  

Gross Profit(1)

   $ 260,472     $ (48,463   $ 827,106     $ (169,786

Gross Profit %

     14     (15 %)      18     (17 %) 

Adjusted Gross Profit(1)

   $ 676,709     $ 53,662     $ 1,500,796     $ 156,020  

Adjusted Gross Profit %(1)

     37     16     32     16

Net Loss

   $ (5,813,132   $ (829,057   $ (13,858,800   $ (2,341,544

Adjusted EBITDA net loss(1) 

   $ (3,279,266   $ (579,836   $ (8,344,117 )   $ (1,328,260

Loss per share – basic and diluted

   $ (0.06   $ (0.02   $ (0.21   $ (0.06

Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic and diluted

         66,388,474       36,330,356  

 

(1) 

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on page 16 for more information on non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations thereof.

OUR BUSINESS

The Very Good Food Company Inc. is an emerging plant-based food technology company that produces plant-based meat and other food products that are delicious while maintaining a wholesome nutritional profile.

The Company was incorporated on December 27, 2016, under the laws of the province of British Columbia, Canada under its original name The Very Good Butchers Inc. The Company changed its name to The Very Good Food Company Inc. on October 1, 2019. Our head office is located at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, British Columbia (“BC”), V5M 3T7; registered and records office are located at Suite 409 – 221 West Esplanade, North Vancouver, BC, V7M 3J3.

The Company’s shares commenced trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “CSE”) under the symbol “VERY” on June 18, 2020. During the year, the Company’s shares began trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (the “FSE”) under the symbol “0SI” and on the OTC QB Market (the “OTCQB”) under the symbol “VRYYF” effective July 27, 2020 and October 14, 2020, respectively.

Effective March 17, 2021, the Company ceased trading on the CSE and commenced trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSXV”) under the symbol “VERY.V”.

 

4


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

CORPORATE OVERVIEW

 

LOGO

Our Business Model

As at December 31, 2020, the Company’s product portfolio consisted of 14 products developed under The Very Good Butchers brand. As at December 31, 2020, all of our products were produced in our Victoria Facility located in BC, Canada. As part of our strategy, we continue to focus on expanding our product portfolio and the number of production facilities – see “Our Strategic Progress” section for further details.

We distribute and sell our products in 10 provinces and three territories in Canada and 50 states in the US through three main revenue channels: (1) eCommerce, (2) Wholesale and (3) the Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship store (collectively, the “Distribution Network”) as described below.

 

(1)

eCommerce – Our eCommerce Store, accessible through the Company’s website, sells VERY GOOD’s products both individually and in boxed sets, along with a small variety of third-party products that complement our core offerings. In addition, we offer a monthly subscription service which allows customers to receive monthly boxed sets at a discount over a select period of time. As at December 31, 2020, the Company had over 800 active subscribers across Canada and in the US with new subscribers joining every day, the Company currently has over 2,000 active subscribers.

eCommerce sales allow us to capitalize on demand by shipping products directly to consumers and transforming demand into a recurring income stream via reorders and a subscription model. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company shipped 40,322 eCommerce orders. The Company monitors weekly orders versus inventory on hand and manages marketing efforts in lock step with production capacity.

 

     2020      2019  
eCommerce    $ 3,382,458      $ 225,121  

 

5


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

(2)

Wholesale – As at December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately 1,300 retail distribution points in Canada in 275 stores (the “Wholesale Accounts”). These Wholesale Accounts include national grocery store chains operating in BC including, but not limited to, Whole Foods Markets, Thrifty Foods (Sobeys), Fresh St. Market, Choices Markets, and IGA; as well as smaller independent grocers. VERY GOOD has experienced strong demand for its products in the wholesale channel and continues to market its products to a number of large retailers in both Canada and the US.

 

     2020      2019  

Wholesale

   $ 840,490    $ 156,137  

 

(3)

Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship Store – The Butcher Shop & Restaurant is the brick and mortar of our distribution network. Designed as a flagship store to showcase our products, serve as a test kitchen and be utilized as a key marketing and branding tool. The Butcher Shop & Restaurant also retails a small offering of plant-based dairy and cheese alternatives made by local artisan companies. Our second flagship store, based in Vancouver, BC (“Mount Pleasant”), is scheduled to open later in the fourth quarter of 2021. See “Our Strategic Progress” section for further details.

 

6


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Our Strategy

Our strategy is grounded in our mission and purpose, our pride in establishing and maintaining strong relationships with our customers through differentiated products, and our commitment to long-term profitable growth.

Our key strategic choices position us to create competitive advantages by offering the right mix of products, creating strong customer awareness and engagement, implementing reliable production at scale, while optimizing our geographic reach and fulfilment:

 

Scale production and
distribution

  

Strengthen brand
awareness

and consumer
engagement

  

Launch new products

and gain market share

  

Global expansion

•  Build operational scalability and expand production competencies to meet consumer demand

 

•  Increase distribution capabilities to drive greater market share capture across Canada and the US

 

•  Expand into US retail increasing the number of distribution points

  

•  Deepen brand awareness by encouraging people to consciously make lifestyle choices that affect and contribute to their wellbeing and that of the planet

 

•  Own consumer relationships by providing the right mix of products at the right price, in the right channels, supported by a brand purpose that consumers can embrace

  

•  Capitalize on strong R&D capabilities and specialized knowledge of plant-based protein ingredients to expand our range of innovative and delicious product portfolio with a wholesome nutritional profile

 

•  Invest in technology to support growth and continued development of new innovative products

 

•  Maximize SKUs and sales velocity of leading products in the market

  

•  Continue to expand in the Canadian and US markets with future plans to launch products in the UK and Europe via eCommerce and retail

 

•  Execute on accretive acquisitions to further expand product categories and geographic regions

 

7


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

OUR STRATEGIC PROGRESS

Expanding Production Capacity

Increased production capacity enables us to start to meet the pent-up demand for our products, fulfill a larger number of eCommerce orders, expand our points of distribution within our wholesale network and take advantage of potential food service opportunities. Our ability to reliably produce enough product to consistently fulfill orders is an important factor in the recruitment of larger grocery chains.

Consistent with our growth strategy, we entered into two new food production facility leases during the fiscal year 2020, with the goal of ramping up our production capacity to meet growing demand and increasing the availability of our products to consumers not only in Canada and in the US, but also in Europe.

 

Rupert Facility

  

•  Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada

 

•  Size: 45,000 square feet

 

•  Potential annual production capacity: 37 million lbs

 

•  Number of production lines: 2

 

•  Estimated capital expenditure (including tenant improvements): $20-25 million

 

•  Start date of food production: April 2021

Patterson Facility

  

•  Location: Patterson, California, United States

 

•  Size: 25,000 square feet (with first right of refusal on an additional 25,000 square feet)

 

•  Potential annual production capacity: 98.5 million lbs

 

•  Number of production lines: 3-4

 

•  Expected capital expenditure: $30-50 million

 

•  Expected start date of food production: latter part of 2021

Rupert Facility

During the third quarter of 2020, a unique opportunity to address near-term demand was presented for an already built-out food production facility in Vancouver, BC (the “Rupert Facility”). The facility comprises approximately 45,000 square feet of production, refrigeration, warehousing, R&D and office space, and is expected to be capable of producing up to 37,000,000 lbs of annualized product to be phased in over the next year. The Company took possession of the lease in January 2021.

The Rupert Facility will have two production lines. The first line, Line 1, has been commissioned, tested and is currently producing product effective April 2021. Line 1 is expected to initially produce 7+ SKUs which are already being sold in the market. The second line is planned to start food production in Q4 2021 and is expected to produce at least another 6+ SKUs that are yet to be launched into the market.

Patterson Facility

To support the expansion of our US operations and the introduction of new products into the market, VERY GOOD signed a lease on August 31, 2020, for a 25,000 square foot production facility, with the option to lease an additional 25,000 square feet, located in Patterson, California (the “Patterson Facility”).

The Patterson Facility is strategically located on the same property as one of the Company’s third-party logistics providers such that product can be delivered for distribution by way of a short-haul forklift at minimal cost and time in transit. The Patterson Facility is also located on key shipping routes for ground transportation to wholesale clients and is in close proximity to key suppliers.

 

8


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

The Patterson Facility can accommodate up to three to four production lines allowing for potential capacity of up to 98,500,000 lbs of product per year. The Company recently recruited a capital projects manager and a plant manager, who have extensive experience in the food manufacturing industry in California, to oversee the Patterson Facility’s commissioning and operations. We plan to start food production in the latter part of 2021.

Victoria Facility

With continued growth in product demand, increasing production at the Victoria Facility was a high priority in 2020. Various initiatives to optimize and increase production were put in place such as effective production scheduling, labour retention and supply chain planning. The Company implemented an updated inventory management system in September 2020 which has streamlined inventory tracking and procurement. In addition, pending possession of additional warehouse space in Victoria at the beginning of 2021, the Company implemented a just-in-time inventory management system, which is expected to further increase capacity and improve eCommerce order wait times. The initiatives implemented to date resulted in an increase in weekly production volume to approximately 20,000 lbs per week as at December 31, 2020.

Expansion of Wholesale Distribution

We continued to expand our Canadian wholesale distribution points during the fiscal year 2020 as part of our strategic focus to meet demand and increase customer awareness resulting in revenue growth. As a result, we entered into several retail partnerships and have expanded our points of distribution in Canada 13 times in the past year.

Since the beginning of fiscal 2021, we have entered into an agreement with Quality Foods to distribute The Very Good Butchers brand, increasing VERY GOOD’s retail network by 14 locations. Quality Foods is a premier Vancouver Island, BC grocer that has operated as a community staple since 1986. In 2017, The Jim Pattison Group acquired the wholly-owned grocery chain and added it to their existing portfolio of brands which include boutique banners such as Urban Fare and larger Western banners like Save-on-Foods. In February 2021, Sobeys agreed to expand product placements into its top ten Safeway locations. Sobeys is Canada’s second-largest retailer; with over 1,500 stores operating under various banners of which 183 are Safeway locations.

To increase our wholesale retail distribution in the US, which is a key component of our 2021 growth strategy, the Company announced on April 14, 2021 that it has entered into a new partnership with Boulder, Colorado-based natural food and beverage brokerage, Green Spoon Sales (“Green Spoon”), to accelerate the Company’s reach into grocery and retail across the US. The partnership with Green Spoon is poised to significantly boost VERY GOOD’s wholesale retail distribution in the US.

Strategic Warehousing and Logistics Partnerships

Establishing hubs across North America is a critical step in building a scalable eCommerce business, reducing shipping costs, and enhancing customer relationships through faster delivery times.

In August 2020, the Company signed agreements with three strategically located third party logistics providers (“3PL”) in North America to increase speed of delivery to customers and reduce associated shipping costs for its eCommerce orders. The 3PL facilities’ centralized locations provide VERY GOOD with the capabilities of reaching anywhere in North America in 2-3 days via ground transportation. All three providers provide, pick, pack and ship for our eCommerce orders, increasing our online order fulfilment rate from 900 per week to 1,800 during the fourth quarter of 2020; and wholesale palletization for our retail orders.

We are currently exploring 3PL partnerships in Europe with plans to launch an eCommerce sales platform in the United Kingdom in the third quarter of 2021; and an online platform in the European Union late in the fourth quarter of 2021.

 

9


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Mount Pleasant Flagship Store and R&D Innovation Centre

In January 2020, the Company signed a lease for an approximately 14,000 square feet space in Vancouver’s Mount Pleasant district (“Mount Pleasant”) and took possession on September 1, 2020. Mount Pleasant will be our second flagship store with a retail front featuring our Butcher Shop and Restaurant concept including a test kitchen and R&D innovation centre. The R&D innovation centre will include a smaller production line which will be used to test new products and produce product for sale. This investment in product innovation and development will allow for the rapid introduction of new creative products into the market in line with our growth strategy.

The design and layout for Mount Pleasant have been finalized. The Company is working with the City of Vancouver on the construction permits required. We anticipate welcoming our first customers to the Mount Pleasant flagship store in Q4 2021.

Victoria Flagship Store

In January 2021, we announced the launch of a new flagship Butcher Shop and Restaurant located in downtown Victoria, BC. The new flagship restaurant will have an outdoor patio and a larger footprint than our current butcher shop located in the Victoria Public Market and will accommodate a higher volume of customers while maintaining COVID-19 pandemic social distancing protocols. This Butcher Shop and Restaurant will be a template for the opening of additional flagship stores across strategic cities in North America. Improvements are underway and the new butcher shop is scheduled for an official opening in June 2021.

Strategic Acquisitions

Our acquisition strategy centers on assessing selective complementary assets with new superior product offerings creating the right mix of products for our customers, generating strong brand awareness, manufacturing or distribution capabilities, with North American or European footholds and the opportunity for large upside potential.

On February 24, 2021, in line with our acquisition strategy, the Company completed the acquisition of The Cultured Nut Inc. (the “Cultured Nut”), a highly popular artisan vegan cheese producer on the West Coast of Canada with current sales distribution in several online and grocery retailers including select Whole Foods Market stores. We plan to rebrand Cultured Nut’s product line under a new brand called The Very Good Cheese Co. which is expected to launch in the second quarter of 2021 through VERY GOOD’s eCommerce and wholesale distribution networks.

The acquisition was completed pursuant to a share purchase agreement with the shareholders of Cultured Nut for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000; comprised of an equity payment of $1,000,000 consisting of 139,676 VERY GOOD common shares at a deemed price of approximately C$7.16 per share and a cash portion of $2,000,000 of which $1,000,000 is contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of the Cultured Nut’s business over a 12-month period.

On March 15, 2021, VERY GOOD completed the strategic acquisition of the Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc. (“Lloyd-James”), a boutique wholesale and food service broker specializing in the plant-based food industry with a history of placement in large natural, speciality and conventional grocery retailers such as Sobeys, Metro, Loblaws and Walmart. Since 2019, Lloyd-James has played an integral role in the development of VERY GOOD’s retail distribution network into retailers such as Whole Foods Market, Sobeys, The Pattison Group and several others.

 

10


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

The acquisition was completed pursuant to a share purchase agreement with the sole shareholder of Lloyd-James for an aggregate purchase price of $1,075,000; comprised of an equity payment of $400,000 consisting of 62,329 VERY GOOD common shares at a deemed price of approximately $6.42 per share and a cash portion of $675,000 of which $350,000 is contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the achievement of specific sales targets during the fiscal period ended 2021.

Developing Innovative Products

We have a team of scientists and food technology experts in Vancouver working on developing innovative new plant-based products and continuously improving the taste and texture of our product line.

During the third quarter of 2020, we launched the retail rollout of The Very Good Pepperoni, an upscale adzuki bean-based pepperoni product for the use in pizzas, charcuterie, and many other creations; as well as The Very Good Dog, our plant-based version of the classic hot dog.

VERY GOOD is currently developing its new gluten-free Butcher’s Select product line which is expected to be introduced in the third quarter of 2021. The Butcher’s Select product range comprises extra meaty artisanal meats made with simple plant-based ingredients. These sausages, burgers and meatballs are gluten-free, soy-free and will be Non-GMO verified.

From the acquisition of The Cultured Nut, VERY GOOD will be launching The Very Good Cheese Co. brand in the second quarter of 2021 in the eCommerce channel with retail to follow. Of Cultured Nut’s seven products already in retail, VERY GOOD has selected four to relaunch in the summer with the remaining products to be reintroduced in 2022. Cultured Nut has an extensive R&D pipeline of over eight products new to the retail market which VERY GOOD will be performing readiness assessments on in the latter part of the year.

OUTLOOK

We are excited to see what we can achieve in 2021 with the launch of the Rupert Facility effectively adding 45,000 square feet of production space and enabling over 27 times current production capacity by the end of the year, allowing us to meet the growing demand for our products. On April 7, 2021, we announced the commissioning of our first production line - by butchering the very first bean - at the Rupert production facility. Food production is expected to commence at our Patterson Facility in California in the latter half of 2021 with the commissioning of its first large scale production line in the first quarter of 2022.

We are actively building and strengthening our leadership team with our recent acquisition of the Lloyd-James Marketing Group and recent appointments to the sales and marketing teams. We expect to scale our retail network from 275 retail stores and 1,300 points of distribution at the end of 2020 to a target of greater than 3,000 retail stores and 15,000 points of distribution by the end of 2021 in Canada and the US.

At the same time, we are also positioned to take advantage of the increase in online grocery shopping with our established eCommerce platforms in Canada and the US. With enhanced production capacity to meet customer demand, the launch of our US eCommerce website in the third quarter of 2020 and agreements with strategically located third party logistics providers that will reduce both order and shipment fulfilment times, we will have the capability to complete over 5,000 orders per week in 2021.

Our R&D team of food scientists and technology experts continue to focus on formalizing the next generation of plant-based products that are non-GMO certified. R&D will remain a core focus area for us in 2021 and beyond as we continue to create plant-based products with high-quality ingredients that deliver a healthier nutritional profile and taste great. In the third quarter of 2021, we expect to launch our new Butcher’s Select, gluten-free line of products including burgers, meatballs and sausages which will be distributed through both eCommerce and Wholesale channels in Canada and the US.

 

11


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

We will continue to drive towards sustainability, including regular evaluations of our sourcing and manufacturing and clean packaging that is both environmentally friendly and guarantees shelf life. We are also committed to continuous research, development, and improvement, working to achieve sustainability certifications and aiming to eventually be both carbon and plastic neutral. We are working on non-GMO certification of our products, which we are targeting to achieve starting in Q3 2021.

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 has continued to spread globally and has had a significant impact on general economic conditions on a global scale.

We experienced a surge in demand in our eCommerce store early on in the COVID-19 pandemic due to consumer trends shifting toward eating at home as a result of social distancing restrictions. At the same time, we experienced a decline in our Victoria Butcher Shop business, as a result of government mandated closures for in-restaurant dining. Since March 2020, we have operated our Victoria Facility with stringent safety measures in place including the extensive use of personal protective equipment by our team members.

While some of these restrictions have been lifted or eased in many jurisdictions as the rates of COVID-19 infections have decreased or stabilized, as at the date of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, BC continues to experience a resurgence of COVID-19 which has led to renewed restrictions including a provincial order to suspend dine-in restaurant services which is currently in effect until May 26, 2021 and which may be extended further. As a result of this ‘’third wave’’, we may experience short-term or extended disruptions to our operations and could be required to temporarily suspend production as a result of an outbreak of COVID-19. Similarly, the ongoing production ramp-up and planned construction of line 2 at the Rupert Facility, construction at Mount Pleasant Facility and the opening of the new location of our Victoria Butcher Shop may be moderately or severely delayed as a result of COVID-19 related impacts. We could also be negatively affected if our suppliers, distributors or logistics providers experience disruptions within their operations.

 

12


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

KEY LEADERSHIP CHANGES AND APPOINTMENTS

Board of Directors

 

LOGO   

In December 2020, Bill Tolany, a past Whole Foods Market and Amazon executive, was appointed to VERY GOOD’s Board of Directors. Bill brings a wealth of experience in marketing and eCommerce strategies. Bill served as the Senior Director of Marketing at Whole Foods Market, where he was responsible for launching the company’s integrated marketing team and growing alternative commerce sales by hundreds of millions of dollars. Bill was then recruited by Amazon to join the company as Regional General Manager, where he helped lead the launch and expansion of Amazon Prime Now, Amazon’s transformative entry into local retail and ultra-fast delivery.

 

In connection with this appointment, Drew Bonnell stepped down from the Company as Director and Corporate Secretary effective December 4, 2020. Drew led VERY GOOD’s Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) and was instrumental in the growth of the Company to where it is today.

“The Bean Suite” (C-Suite)

  
LOGO   

As of January 2021, Ana Silva commenced her role with the Company as President. Ana was born and raised in Portugal, a culture where bringing people together over good food is foundational. Ana is a people-focused leader, excited to unlock the potential at VERY GOOD. Accelerating team and growth is her passion. She spent the past five years with Daiya Foods as CFO, when Daiya was ranked as the fastest growing plant-based company in North America and successfully sold for C$405 million.

LOGO   

Kamini Hitkari joined VERY GOOD as CFO on September 22, 2020. Kamini has held progressive roles in corporate finance since her PwC days, serving in top executive positions contributing to strategic M&A transactions of up to C$2.6 billion, scaling businesses and launching product lines for companies like Aurora Cannabis and HSBC Bank Canada.

 

13


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

“The Beantastics” (Leadership Team)

Kyle Marancos joined the team as Director of Marketing effective January 2021. Kyle has an extensive pedigree in the food and beverage industry where he spent the last six years as the Director of Marketing with Earth’s Own Food Company Inc., well known for their Happy Planet Products. Prior experience also includes twelve years working with Unilever, where he was the Senior Global Brand Development Manager for their Bertolli Brand.

In February 2021, the Company announced the appointment of Kevin Callaghan, a veteran sales executive in the plant-based food space, as its Director of Sales for US markets. Kevin has extensive experience in the plant-based food industry where he held senior roles with early rapid growth companies including Daiya.

Jordan James Rogers joined The VERY GOOD team as Director of Sales for Canada in March 2021. In his previous role as the founder of Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc, Canada’s first natural and plant-based food brokerage, which was acquired by VERY GOOD on March 15, 2021.

 

14


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW

Effective for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to change its accounting policy for the presentation of expenses on its consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss from the “nature of expense” method to the “function of expense” basis. The Company believes that the revised presentation provides more relevant financial information to users of the consolidated financial statements.

Management has applied the change in presentation retrospectively and the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 was reclassified. Refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.

Selected Financial Information

 

     Three months
ended
December 31
    Three months
ended
September 30
    Three months
ended

December 31
    Year ended
December 31
    Year ended
December 31
 
     2020     2020     2019     2020     2019  

Revenue

   $ 1,836,682     $ 1,373,814     $ 328,866     $ 4,636,838     $ 999,797  

Procurement expense

     (1,576,210     (1,085,675     (377,329     (3,809,732     (1,169,583
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit(1)

     260,472       288,139       (48,463     827,106       (169,786

Gross profit %(1)

     14     21     (15 %)      18     (17 %) 

Fulfilment expense

     (778,123     (637,905     (72,754     (1,907,621     (170,617

General and administrative expense

     (3,858,273     (1,890,707     (563,217     (7,084,795     (1,622,541

Marketing and investor relations expense

     (973,853     (1,365,552     (45,595     (3,243,210     (64,445

Research and development expense

     (210,018     (104,908     (101,337     (477,750     (125,680
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (5,559,795     (3,710,933     (831,366     (11,886,270     (2,153,069

Finance (expense) income

     (148,014     (782,506     17,516       (1,842,853     (173,268

Other expense

     (105,323     (3,588     I15,207     (129,677     (15,207
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (5,813,132   $ (4,497,027   $ (829,057   $ (13,858,800   $ (2,341,544
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted gross profit(1)

   $ 676,709     $ 370,507     $ 53,662     $ 1,500,796     $ 156,020  

Adjusted gross profit %(1)

     37     27     16     32     16

Adjusted EBITDA loss(1)

   $ (3,279,266   $ (3,138,595   $ (579,836   $ (8,344,117   $ (1,328,260

 

(1) 

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on page 16 for more information on non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations thereof.

 

15


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used by management that does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Management defines adjusted EBITDA as net loss before finance expense, tax, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation and other one-time and non-cash items. Management believes adjusted EBITDA is a useful financial metric to assess its operating performance.

 

     Three months
ended

December 31
    Three months
ended
September 30
    Three months
ended

December 31
    Year ended
December 31
    Year ended
December 31
 
     2020     2020     2019     2020     2019  

Net loss as reported

   $ (5,813,132   $ (4,497,027   $ (829,057   $ (13,858,800   $ (2,341,544

Adjustments:

          

Depreciation

     153,295       117,265       50,803       425,276       161,583  

Loss on termination of lease

     —         7,533       —         7,533       —    

Finance expense (income)

     148,014       782,506       (17,515     1,842,853       173,268  

Share-based compensation

     1,951,150       379,326       200,933       2,780,488       200,933  

Shares, units and warrants issued for services

     281,407       71,802       15,000       458,533       477,500  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA loss

   $ (3,279,266   $ (3,138,595   $ (579,836   $ (8,344,117   $ (1,328,260

Gross profit and adjusted gross profit

Management utilizes adjusted gross profit to provide a representation of performance in the period by excluding the non-cash impact of share-based expense recognized in procurement expense during the period as well as The Butcher Shop & Restaurant related procurement costs. Management believes adjusted gross profit provides useful information as it represents gross profit for management purposes based on cost to procure and manufacture the Company’s finished goods excluding any non-cash items.

 

     Three months
ended

December 31
    Three months
ended
September 30
    Three months
ended

December 31
    Year ended
December 31
    Year ended
December 31
 
     2020     2020     2019     2020     2019  

Revenue

   $ 1,836,682     $ 1,373,814     $ 328,866     $ 4,636,838     $ 999,797  

Procurement expense

     (1,576,210     (1,085,675     (377,329     (3,809,732     (1,169,583
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     260,472       288,139       (48,463     827,106       (169,786

Adjustments:

          

The Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense

     140,028       76,439       90,376       377,306       314,057  

Share-based compensation

     276,209       5,929       11,749       296,384       11,749  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted gross profit

   $ 676,709     $ 370,507     $ 53,662     $ 1,500,796     $ 156,020  

Adjusted gross profit %

     37     27     16     32     16

 

16


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Revenue

Revenue by geographic region

 

     Three months
ended
December 31
     Three months
ended

September 30
     Three months
ended
December 31
     Year ended
December 31
     Year ended
December 31
 
     2020      2020      2019      2020      2019  

Canada

   $ 1,349,314      $ 1,227,850      $ 328,866      $ 4,003,507      $ 999,797  

United States

     487,368        145,964        —          633,331        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,836,682      $ 1,373,814      $ 328,866      $ 4,636,838      $ 999,797  

Revenue by channel

 

     Three months
ended
December 31
     Three months
ended

September 30
     Three months
ended
December 31
     Year ended
December 31
     Year ended
December 31
 
     2020      2020      2019      2020      2019  

eCommerce

   $ 1,438,931      $ 978,885      $ 118,721      $ 3,382,458      $ 225,121  

Wholesale

     255,276        310,443        56,841        840,490        156,137  

Butcher Shop & Restaurant and Other

     142,475        84,486        153,304        413,890        618,539  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,836,682      $ 1,373,814      $ 328,866      $ 4,636,838      $ 999,797  

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Revenue increased $462,868 (34%) to $1,836,682 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $1,373,814 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. This increase was driven by $487,368 in US eCommerce sales compared to $145,964 in the previous quarter mainly due to the launch of our US eCommerce platform in July 2020, as well as holiday orders and promotional initiatives including Black Friday and Cyber Monday.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Revenue increased $1,507,816 (458%) to $1,836,682 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $328,866 in the same period in fiscal 2019. The growth in revenue was driven by an increase of $1,320,210 in eCommerce sales and $198,435 in wholesale revenue due to the Company’s scaling of production and distribution through both of these sales channels. Of the increase in eCommerce revenue, $487,368 was attributed to US sales with the introduction of the Company’s US website in the third quarter of 2020. Wholesale revenue increased during the fourth quarter due to higher demand of our holiday products; in addition to agreements with new wholesale distributors during the latter half of the year.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Revenue increased $3,637,041 (364%) to $4,636,838 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $999,797 in fiscal 2019. The increase in revenue was attributed to the Company’s continued focus on scaling production and distribution through both its eCommerce and wholesale sales channels. During fiscal 2020, average production capacity increased from 8,100 lbs per week to approximately 20,000 lbs per week resulting from our new 3PL logistics partnerships allowing for fulfilment of our sales orders at third party distribution centres and other programs to increase the production footprint at the Victoria Facility. eCommerce orders increased 825% from 4,357 orders in fiscal 2019 to 40,322 orders in fiscal 2020 primarily due to an increase in key marketing and sales initiatives to drive higher sales volume in both Canada and the US. Wholesale distribution points increased 1,200% from 100 in fiscal 2019 to 1,300 in fiscal 2020 with the addition of new retail banners.

 

17


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Procurement expense

Procurement expense consists of the cost of raw materials, supplies and inventory packaging, inbound shipping charges, employee wages and benefits, and other attributable overhead expenses incurred in the procurement and manufacturing of the Company’s finished goods. Procurement expense also includes expense associated with the Butcher Shop & Restaurant including food costs, direct labor and other attributable overhead expenses.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Procurement expense increased $490,535 (45%) to $1,576,210 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $1,085,675 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The increase in procurement expense was mainly attributed to higher share-based compensation expense of $270,280 incurred for new employees hired to support revenue growth as well as increased sales during the quarter.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Procurement expense increased $1,198,881 (318%) to $1,576,210 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $377,329 in the same quarter in fiscal 2019. The increase in procurement expense was primarily driven by the Company ramping up production to support the distribution of its products; in addition to $264,460 in higher share-based compensation expense incurred for new employees hired for production.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Procurement expense increased $2,640,149 (226%) to $3,809,732 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $1,169,583 in the same period in fiscal 2019 for the same reasons outlined above.

Gross profit and adjusted gross profit

Gross profit is a non-GAAP measure calculated as total revenue less procurement expense. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on page 16 for more information on management’s use of adjusted gross profit and a reconciliations thereof.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Gross profit decreased $27,667 (10%) to $260,472 or 14% in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $288,139 or 21% in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. Excluding the Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense and share-based compensation, adjusted gross profit was $676,709 or 37% in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $370,507 or 27% in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The improvement in adjusted gross profit was primarily driven by increased sales volume achieved through maximizing the production footprint at the Victoria Facility.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Gross profit increased $308,935 (637%) to $260,472 or 14% in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to gross loss of $48,463 or -15% for the same period in fiscal 2019. Excluding the Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense and share-based compensation, adjusted gross profit was $676,709 or 37% in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $53,662 or 16% in the fourth quarter in 2019. The improvement in adjusted gross profit was primarily driven by increased sales volume achieved through maximizing the production footprint at the Victoria Facility.

 

18


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Gross profit increased $996,892 (587%) to $827,106 or 18% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to gross loss of $169,786 or -17% in fiscal 2019. Excluding the Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense and share-based compensation, adjusted gross profit was $1,500,796 or 32% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $156,020 or 16% for fiscal 2019. The improvement in gross profit is for the same reasons outlined above.

Fulfilment expense

Fulfilment expense represents third-party fulfilment costs for picking and packing of inventory into orders, fulfilment packaging costs, direct fulfilment labor, outbound shipping and freight costs, and warehousing and shipping fees for customer orders.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Fulfilment expense increased $140,218 (22%) to $778,123 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $637,905 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. Fulfilment expense increased mainly due to higher outbound shipping costs and 3PL logistics services due to scaling of eCommerce and wholesale orders through marketing efforts.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Fulfilment expense increased $705,369 (970%) to $778,123 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $72,754 in the same quarter in fiscal 2019. The increase in fulfilment expense was primarily driven by the ramp up of production and sales efforts to scale our eCommerce and wholesale orders. To support these efforts, the Company entered into agreements with three 3PL logistic service providers in Canada and the US to increase the production footprint at the Victoria Facility and improve order fulfilment speed. Shipping costs also increased due to higher carrier changes to improve eCommerce delivery times.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Fulfilment expense increased $1,737,004 (1,018%) to $1,907,621 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $170,617 in the same period in fiscal 2019 for the same reasons outlined above.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense are primarily comprised of administrative expenses, salaries, wages and benefits, including associated share-based compensation not directly associated with other functions, non-production rent expense, depreciation and amortization expense on non-production assets and other non-production operating expenses. Administrative expenses include the expenses related to management, accounting, legal, information technology, and other support functions.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

General and administrative expense increased $1,967,566 (104%) to $3,858,273 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $1,890,707 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The increase in general and administrative expense is mainly attributed to higher share-based compensation expense of $1,234,573 because of stock option grants to new employees to create alignment with the aim of generating shareholder value.

 

19


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

General and administrative expense increased $3,295,056 (585%) to $3,858,273 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $563,217 in the same period in fiscal 2019. Share-based compensation expense was higher by $1,416,887 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019 due to the introduction of an employee equity compensation program in fiscal 2020. Excluding share-based compensation, general and administrative expense increased $1,878,169 (489%) in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to the same quarter in 2019. The increase is mainly attributable to higher salaries and wages expense as the Company hired key management and administrative positions to support its planned growth. The Company also incurred additional accounting and legal, and general office expenses due to the higher volume of business.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

General and administrative expense increased $5,462,254 (337%) to $7,084,795 in 2020, compared to $1,622,541 in fiscal 2019. Share-based compensation expense was higher by $2,190,832 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019 due to the introduction of an employee equity compensation program in fiscal 2020. Excluding share-based compensation, general and administrative expense increased $3,271,422 (227%) in fiscal 2020, mainly attributable to higher salaries and wages expense of $2,370,059 as the Company continued to hire key management and administrative positions to support its planned growth. Higher legal, audit and professional fees of $395,262 were incurred in fiscal 2020 primarily due to the Company’s listing on the Canadian Securities Exchange and subsequent financings. The Company also incurred office rent expense, recruitment fees, information technology and licensing costs with the build out of the team in both Victoria and Vancouver, BC to support the next phase of growth.

Marketing and investor relations expense

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Marketing and investor relations expense decreased $391,699 (29%) to $973,853 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $1,365,552 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to digital marketing campaigns and investor relations communications and awareness programs initiated in the previous quarter focused on building company and brand awareness.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Marketing and investor relations expense increased $928,258 (2,036%) to $973,853 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $45,595 in the same quarter in fiscal 2019. The increase in marketing and investor relations expense was mainly due to the introduction of digital marketing campaigns for the eCommerce channel focused on customer acquisition as well as corporate investor relations communications and awareness initiatives in fiscal 2020.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Marketing and investor relations expense increased $3,178,765 (4,933%) to $3,243,210 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $64,445 in fiscal 2019 for the same reasons above.

 

20


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Research and development expense

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Research and development expense increased $105,110 (100%) to $210,018 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $104,908 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The increase in research and development expense was mainly attributed to additional salaries and wages expense including share-based compensation expense of $39,663 incurred to expand the R&D team for future product innovation and development.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Research and development expense increased $108,681 (107%) to $210,018 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $101,337 in the same quarter in fiscal 2019. The increase in research and development expense was mainly attributed to additional salaries and wages expense including share-based compensation of $42,891 incurred to expand the R&D team for future product innovation and development.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Research and development expense increased $352,070 (280%) to $477,750 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $125,680 in fiscal 2019 for the same reasons above.

Finance Expense

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Finance expense decreased $634,492 (81%) to $148,014 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $782,506 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in expense was due to the issuance of common shares in the prior quarter with a fair value of $694,375 pursuant to the settlement of $102,113 owing to a vendor resulting in a loss on settlement of debt of $592,262.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Finance expense increased $165,530 (945%) to $148,014 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to finance income of $17,516 in the same quarter in fiscal 2019. The increase was mainly attributed to interest expense on lease liabilities pertaining to right-of-use assets for the Rupert Facility, Patterson Facility and Mount Pleasant.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Finance expense increased $1,669,585 (964%) to $1,842,853 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $173,268 in fiscal 2019. The increase in finance expense was mainly attributed to $765,000 in losses recognized for the difference between the fair value of the common shares issued and the carrying value of the convertible debentures at the time of conversion. The Company also incurred $592,262 for a loss on settlement of debt in the third quarter of 2020 as noted above and recognized $345,958 in interest expense on lease liabilities pertaining to right-of-use assets for the Rupert Facility, Patterson Facility and Mount Pleasant.

 

21


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Other Expense

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to September 30, 2020

Other expense increased $101,735 (2,835%) to $105,323 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $3,588 in the previous quarter ended September 30, 2020. The increase in other expense was mainly attributed to pre-construction costs for the Rupert Facility.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Other expense increased $90,116 (593%) to $105,323 in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to $15,207 in the same quarter in fiscal 2019. The increase in other expense was mainly attributed to pre-construction costs for the Rupert Facility.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019

Other expense increased $114,470 (753%) to $129,677 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $15,207 in fiscal 2019, for the same reasons above.

Selected Annual Financial Information

 

     As at and for the year ended December 31  
     2020      2019      2018  

Revenue

   $ 4,636,838      $ 999,797      $ 1,050,403  

Net loss

   $ (13,858,800    $ (2,341,544    $ (398,722

Loss per share (basic and diluted)

   $ (0.21    $ (0.06    $ (0.01

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (basic and diluted)

     66,388,474        36,330,356        30,000,000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 35,182,597      $ 1,344,219      $ 125,103  

Total non-current financial liabilities

     5,419,352        949,313        338,761  

Total liabilities

     7,540,254        1,684,800        642,373  

Share capital

     39,335,150        2,245,422        83  

Deficit

   $ (16,717,697    $ (2,858,897    $ (517,353

Total assets

Total assets increased to $35,182,597 as at December 31, 2020 from $1,344,219 as at December 31, 2019; primarily from $35,888,802 in proceeds received for the issuance of units and exercise of warrants and stock options. Right-of-use assets also increased by $4,653,197 during the year as the Company continued to expand capacity at the Victoria Facility and leases acquired for the Rupert Facility, Patterson Facility and Mount Pleasant. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $25,084,083.

 

22


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Total liabilities

Total liabilities increased to $7,540,254 as at December 31, 2020 from $1,684,800 as at December 31, 2019; primarily due to an increase of $1,639,422 in accounts payable and accrued liabilities from the ramp-up of operations, and an increase of $5,143,815 in lease liabilities mainly pertaining to right-of-use assets including the Rupert Facility, Patterson Facility and Mount Pleasant. These increases were offset by a decrease of $1,021,265 in convertible debentures liability as a result of the conversion of all outstanding debentures into common shares from the completion of a qualified financing.

Share Capital

Share capital increased to $39,335,150 at the end of 2020, compared to $2,245,422 primarily due to the issuance of 26,808,076 common shares and 13,369,876 warrants exercised related to the IPO and various private placements during the year.

QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following table presents certain unaudited financial information for each of the eight quarters up to and including the quarter ended December 31, 2020. The information has been derived from our unaudited quarterly condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

 

2020

   Q1     Q2 (1)(2)     Q3 (2)     Q4     Year  

Revenue

   $ 338,552     $ 1,087,790     $ 1,373,814     $ 1,836,682     $ 4,636,838  

Net loss

   $ (1,129,986   $ (2,418,655   $ (4,497,027   $ (5,813,132   $ (13,858,800

Comprehensive loss

   $ (1,129,986   $ (2,418,655   $ (4,497,107   $ (5,806,392   $ (13,852,140

Loss per share (basic and diluted)

   $ (0.02   $ (0.05   $ (0.06   $ (0.06   $ (0.21

Number of eCommerce orders

     2,441       11,194       13,107       13,580       40,322  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

The June 30, 2020 quarterly net loss and comprehensive loss has been restated to reflect an adjustment made at December 31, 2020 to record a finance expense of $765,000 related to the conversion of the Company’s convertible debentures in June 2020. As a result of the adjustment recorded, the net loss and comprehensive loss for the three month period ended June 30, 2020 has increased from $1,653,655 to $2,418,655 and the loss per share (basic and diluted) for the second quarter of 2020 has increased from $0.03 to $0.05.

(2)

The June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020 quarterly revenue have been restated to reflect adjustments made at December 31, 2020 to reclass sales discounts and promotions through various programs that was previously recorded as advertising and promotion expense to a reduction of revenue. The reclassification of expense has no impact to net loss and comprehensive loss for the quarters. As a result of the adjustments recorded, revenue for the three month period ended June 30, 2020 has decreased from $1,100,816 to $1,087,790 and revenue for the three month period ended September 30, 2020 has decreased from $1,393,234 to $1,373,814.

 

2019

   Q1     Q2     Q3     Q4     Year  

Revenue

   $ 218,956     $ 222,054     $ 229,921     $ 328,866     $ 999,797  

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (235,006   $ (246,740   $ (1,030,739   $ (829,059   $ (2,341,544

Loss per share (basic and diluted)

   $ (0.00   $ (0.01   $ (0.03   $ (0.02   $ (0.06

Number of eCommerce orders

     1,894       536       416       1,511       4,357  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

23


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Revenues have increased over the last eight quarters. The sales growth has been mainly attributed to the increase in eCommerce where we have seen a growing demand for our products online. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company started selling products through its US eCommerce website where we have seen further revenue growth. Furthermore, the Company made significant efforts to increase production capacity in the second half of 2020 and parted with new 3PL partners that allowed for increased production footprint at the Victoria Facility. The increase in net loss and comprehensive loss is mainly attributed to the ramping up of production to support the distribution of the Company’s products as well as higher outbound shipping and 3PL logistic services due to the scaling of eCommerce and wholesale orders through marketing efforts. The Company also incurred higher general and administration expense due to the hiring of employees for expansion and increased office expense, recruitment fees, information technology and licensing cost with the build out of the teams in both Victoria and Vancouver to support its next phase growth.

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Company’s primary objectives when managing capital is to maintain a capital structure that allows financing options to the Company in order to benefit from potential opportunities as they arise. The Board of Directors does not establish quantitative return on capital criteria for management, but rather relies on the expertise of the Company’s management to sustain future development of the business. The Company defines capital that it manages as shareholders’ equity and debt. The Company has historically relied on debt and more recently the equity markets to fund its activities. Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes that this approach, given the relative size of the Company, is reasonable to ensure optimal capital structure to reduce cost of capital.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Operating activities

   $ (9,660,481    $ (1,432,523

Investing activities

     (564,437      (281,921

Financing activities

     34,900,987        2,106,173  

Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents

     2,404        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net changes in cash and cash equivalents

   $ 24,678,473      $ 391,729  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $9,660,481 as a result of the net loss for the period of $13,858,800 and an increase in non-cash working capital of $1,299,564; partially offset by non-cash expenses related to share-based compensation of $2,780,488, finance expense of $1,842,853, depreciation of $425,276, shares, units and warrants issued for services of $458,533. During the comparative period ending December 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $1,432,523 as a result of the net loss for period of $2,341,544 and an increase in non-cash working capital of $115,668; partially offset by non-cash expenses related to shares and units issued for services of $477,500, share-based compensation of $200,933, finance expense of $173,268 and depreciation of $161,583.

 

24


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $564,437 relating to capital expenditures for the restaurant and production equipment to expand production. During the comparative period ending December 31, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $281,921 related to the restaurant and production equipment used in the Victoria Facility.

Financing activities

Net cash received from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $34,900,987 as at result of net proceeds from the issuance of units pursuant to the IPO and additional financings, $10,863,951 received from proceeds from the exercise of warrants, $608,126 received from the exercise of stock options and $1,007,315 incurred for various deposits, loans and lease liabilities and interest paid. During the comparative period ended December 31, 2019, net cash received from financing activities was $2,106,173 as a result of proceeds from the issuance of units of $1,839,800 and proceeds received from convertible debt of $585,116; partially offset by payment of $318,743 for various loans and lease liabilities and interest paid.

Prospectus Offerings Use of Proceeds

On June 17, 2020, the Company completed its IPO consisting of 16,100,000 common shares at $0.25 per common share for proceeds of $4,025,000. The following table provides an update on the anticipated use of proceeds raised, along with amounts expended.

 

     Proposed Use of Proceeds      Approximate Use of Proceeds
to December 31, 2020
 

Build out of Mount Pleasant (less tenant improvement allowance)

   $ 1,147,000      $ 39,401  

Direct research and development expenses

     150,000        150,000  

General corporate & other working capital

     2,231,000        2,231,000  

Offering expenses and underwriter fees

     497,000        374,365  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 4,025,000      $ 2,794,766  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

On August 7, 2020, the Company closed an agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. pursuant to which they agreed to purchase, on a bought deal basis (the “August Bought Deal”), 6,555,000 units at $1.30 per unit, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $8,521,500. The following table provides an update on the anticipated use of proceeds raised in the financing, along with amounts expended.

 

     Proposed Use of Proceeds      Approximate Use of Proceeds
to December 31, 2020
 

Expansion to the United States

   $ 3,500,000      $ 423,560  

Direct research and development expenses

     750,000        138,519  

Accretive acquisitions

     1,500,000        —    

General corporate & other working capital

     1,739,780        1,739,780  

Offering expenses and underwriter fee

     1,031,720        798,552  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 8,521,500      $ 3,100,411  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

25


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

On December 4, 2020, the Company closed an agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. pursuant to which they agreed to purchase, on a bought deal basis (the “December Bought Deal”), 3,778,900 units at $3.50 per unit, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $13,226,150. The following table provides an update on the anticipated use of proceeds raised in the financing, along with amounts expended.

 

     Proposed Use of Proceeds      Approximate Use of Proceeds
to December 31, 2020
 

Commencement of operations at Rupert Facility

   $ 10,000,000      $ 1,263,857  

General corporate & other working capital

     1,918,058        1,918,058  

Offering expenses and underwriter fee

     1,308,092        1,298,002  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 13,226,150      $ 4,479,917  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Capital Resources

The Company is continually evaluating expansion opportunities both domestically and within certain international markets. Depending on the timing and scope of expansion opportunities identified by the Company, there will be a requirement for the investment of additional capital for the Company to continue to successfully execute on its growth strategy. Based on the ongoing analysis of potential growth opportunities, the Company is not able to currently quantify any specific non-committed future capital requirements.

On March 9, 2021, the Company announced that it has executed a non-binding term sheet (the “Term Sheet”) with a prominent institutional lender for a committed $70 million senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). Upon closing the proposed financing, VERY GOOD will have access to a senior secured $20 million revolving line of credit and a $50 million asset backed term loan. All amounts drawn under the Credit Facility will pay interest at a rate of 9.95% per annum and will be repaid in full upon maturity. The Credit Facility proposed will have a term of 24 months with an option to renew, upon mutual consent, for another 12 months and will be primarily secured by the Company’s current and planned production equipment.

OUTSTANDING SHARES, OPTIONS, AND WARRANTS

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. The table below outlines the number of issued and outstanding common shares, warrants and options as at the dates indicated.

 

     As at April 26      As at December 31      As at December 31  
     2021      2020      2019  

Common shares

     97,599,957        96,640,432        45,515,339  

Warrants

     2,402,251        2,889,367        7,757,670  

Stock options

     8,213,472        3,852,639        1,513,500  

Common Shares

Common shares increased by 51.1 million during the year due to the following transactions:

 

   

16.1 million shares issued for the June 17, 2020 IPO

 

   

10.3 million shares issued for prospectus offerings on August 7, 2020 and December 4, 2020

 

   

0.4 million shares for private placements on August 13, 2020 and December 4, 2020

 

   

0.4 million shares for finder fees associated with the IPO, prospectus offerings and private placements

 

   

7.5 million shares issued pursuant to the conversion of convertible debentures

 

   

15.7 million shares for warrants and warrants exercised

 

   

0.2 million shares issued for executive management services with a former CFO

 

   

0.5 million shares issued for settlement of debt

 

26


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Warrants

Warrants decreased 4.9 million from 7.8 million warrants in 2019 to 2.9 million warrants in 2020 due to:

 

   

13.4 million warrants exercised during the year

 

   

5.4 million warrants issued associated with the IPO, prospectus offerings and private placements

 

   

2.9 million warrants issued to agents associated with the IPO, prospectus offerings and private placements

 

   

0.2 million warrants issued for executive management services with a former CFO and COO

Stock Options

Stock Options increased 2.3 million during the year due to:

 

   

4.8 million stock options granted to directors, officers, employees and consultants

 

   

2.4 million stock options exercised during the year

 

   

0.1 million stock options cancelled or forfeited during the year

OFF-BALANCE SHEET AGREEMENTS

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements such as obligations under guarantee contracts, a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity, any obligation under derivative instruments or any obligation under a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the Company or engages in leasing or hedging services with the Company.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company is exposed to varying degrees to a variety of financial related risks in the normal course of operations including interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, foreign currency risk, commodity price risk and economic dependence risk. The Board approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of counterparty limits, controlling and reporting structures.

Interest Risk

The Company’s exposure to interest risk relates to its investment of surplus cash and cash equivalents, including restricted and unrestricted short-term investments. The Company may invest surplus cash in highly liquid investments with short terms to maturity and would accumulate interest at prevailing rates for such investments. At December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $25,084,083 and a 1% change in interest rates would increase or decrease interest income by $250,000.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits and receivables. The Company’s cash and unrestricted short-term investments are held through large Canadian financial institutions and no losses have been incurred in relation to these items. The Company’s receivables are comprised of trade accounts receivable and a GST receivable. At December 31, 2020, the Company has $43,153 in trade accounts receivable outstanding over 60 days, of which the Company has recognized an allowance for doubtful accounts of $39,917. Of the total billed trade receivables at December 31, 2020, the Company has subsequently collected or has trade payables outstanding with the same customers representing 32.5% of the total balance. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits and trade and other receivables represent the maximum exposure to credit risk, and as at December 31, 2020, this amounted to $26,826,938.

 

27


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of credit risk is the risk of reliance upon a select number of customers which significantly impact the financial performance of the Company. The Company recorded sales from 3 wholesale distributors of the Company representing 18% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020. Of the Company’s trade receivables outstanding at December 31, 2020, 81% are held with 3 customers of the Company.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by reviewing on an ongoing basis its capital requirements. As at December 31, 2020, the Company has $25,084,083 of cash and cash equivalents. The Company is obligated to pay accounts payable and accrued liabilities and the current portion of the lease liabilities with a carrying amount of $2,018,663.

The following are the contractual maturities of financial obligations:

 

Contractual Obligations as at December 31,
2020

   Carrying
amount
     Contractual
cash flow
     Less than
1 year
     1-3 years      4-5 years      More than
5 years
 

Accounts payables and accrued liabilities

   $ 1,871,728      $ 1,871,728      $ 1,871,728      $ —        $ —        $ —    

Loan payable

     30,000        30,000        —          30,000        —          —    

Lease liabilities

                 

Retail and production facilities

     5,460,099        11,894,631        767,682        1,686,567        1,653,329        7,787,053  

Equipment

     56,623        59,304        53,004        6,300        —          —    

Vehicles

     19,565        24,902        8,435        16,156        311        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Contractual Obligations

   $ 7,438,015      $ 13,880,565      $ 2,700,849      $ 1,739,023      $ 1,653,640      $ 7,787,053  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company’s financial results are subject to volatility as a result of foreign exchange fluctuations. The Company has sales outside of Canada that are transacted in currencies other than Canadian dollar whereas the majority of its expenses are in Canadian dollar. As a result, fluctuation in the foreign exchange rate of these currencies can have a material impact on the financial condition and operating results.

The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on fluctuations related to cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue that are denominated in US dollars. As at December 31, 2020, a 10% appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have increased net financial assets by approximately $102,312 (December 31, 2019 – $nil). A 10% depreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have had the equal but opposite effect.

Commodity Price Risk

The Company is exposed to price risk with respect to commodity prices. Commodity price risk is defined as the potential adverse impact on earnings and economic value due to commodity price movements and volatilities. The Company closely monitors commodity prices of raw materials to determine the appropriate course of action to be taken by the Company.

 

28


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Equity Price Risk

In recent years, securities markets have experienced extremes in price and volume volatility. The market price of securities of many early stage companies, among others, have experienced fluctuations in price which may not necessarily be related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. It may be anticipated that any market for the Company’s shares will be subject to market trends generally and the value of the Company’s shares on a stock exchange may be affected by such volatility.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As at December 31, 2020 and 2019, the estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and loan payable approximated their respective carrying values due to their short-term nature.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company and consists of the Company’s executive management and directors. Compensation expense was as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Salaries incurred to key management personnel*

   $ ,564,966      $ 95,027  

Professional fees incurred to the former Chief Financial officer (“former CFO”)**

     159,437        84,844  

Share-based compensation

     676,078        179,227  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 2,400,481      $ 359,098  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

*

The balance for the year ended December 30, 2020 includes $287,230 paid by the issuance of a total of 165,000 warrants, which have exercise prices ranging between $1.51 per share and $7.60 per share, with expiry dates ranging between August 13, 2021, and December 21, 2021.

 

**

The balance for the year ended December 30, 2020 includes $25,001 paid by the issuance of 166,670 units. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of share purchase warrant exercisable at a price of $0.30 per share for a period of 12 months from issuance, subject to early acceleration in certain circumstances.

The following is a summary of the significant related party balances:

 

     Year ended December 31  
     2020      2019  

Due from the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Director

   $ —        $ 18,722  

Due from the Chief Research and Development Officer (“CRADO”) , and Director

     —          5,558  

Due from related parties*

   $  —        $ 24,280  

Due to the former CFO, included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities*

   $ —        $ 3,413  

Prepaid professional fees for the former CFO, included in prepaids and deposits

   $ —        $ 5,815  

 

*

The amounts due to (from) related parties are unsecured, non-interest bearing and have no fixed terms of repayment.

 

29


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

On February 11, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with the CEO and the CRADO of the Company (the “Lenders”), whereby the Lenders agreed to loan the Company up to a maximum aggregate loan amount of $1,200,000 (the “Principal”), in three equal tranches of $400,000. The outstanding amount of the Principal matures on May 11, 2021, and bears interest from and after the date of each advance until repayment at the rate of 0.67% per month, simple interest. The Company also executed a general security agreement with the Lenders, which creates a security interest over all present and after acquired property of the Company. The Company received one tranche of $400,000 on February 11, 2020. On June 22, 2020, the Company repaid the principal balance of $400,000 and interest of $11,728.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual outcomes can differ from these estimates.

Significant assumptions about the future and other sources of estimation uncertainty that management has made at the end of the reporting period that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made, relate to, but are not limited to, the following:

 

   

The inputs, including the forecast future volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the expected life of the stock options, used in calculating the fair value for share-based compensation expense included in comprehensive loss.

 

   

The valuation of shares and other equity instruments issued in non-cash transactions. When non-cash transactions are entered into with employees and those providing similar services, the non-cash transactions are measured at the fair value of the consideration given up using market prices.

 

   

Amortization of right-of-use assets and property and equipment are dependent upon the estimated useful lives, which are determined through the exercise of judgement. The assessment of any impairment of these assets is dependent upon estimates of recoverable amounts that take into account factors such as economic and market conditions and the useful lives of assets.

 

   

Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The determination of net realizable value involves significant management judgement and estimates, including the estimation of future market demand, costs and prices.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Effective for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to change its accounting policy for the presentation of expenses on its consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss from the “nature of expense” method do the “function of expense” basis. The Company believes that the revised presentation provides more relevant financial information to users of the consolidated financial statements. Please refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for a summary of the impacts to the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss.

 

30


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINITIES

Many factors could cause the Company’s actual results, performance and achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking information, including without limitation, the following factors, which are discussed in greater detail in our filings with Canadian regulatory authorities at www.sedar.com, including our Annual Information Form.

 

   

The global spread and unprecedented impact of COVID-19 continues to create significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. The specific impacts that we may experience as a result of COVID-19 include disruptions to our operations and lost revenue if a significant number of our employees are asked to self-isolate and are unable to work or if we are required to temporarily suspend production as a result of an outbreak of COVID-19. Overall, the ongoing effects of COVID-19 could have a material adverse impacts on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows and may adversely impact the price of our Common Shares.

 

   

Any substantial delays in bringing the Rupert Facility up to full production on our current schedule will affect our production capacity, our ability to meet demand for our products and expand distribution, all of which would negatively impact our ability to achieve our growth goals, financial performance and the price of our Common Shares. Similarly, delays in the construction of Mount Pleasant will prevent us from opening our second flagship store and launching the innovation centre within our current timeframe. Further, our failure to successfully commission, or any substantial delays in our current schedule for commissioning the California Facility, will have a negative impact on our US expansion plans. Even if we are able to establish these facilities as planned and on schedule, we may not realize all of the operational and financial benefits we expect to receive.

 

   

We will require significant capital for the build-out and equipping of our Rupert Facility, Patterson Facility and Mount Pleasant, and for funding product development and innovation, potential acquisitions, marketing and other corporate initiatives. Unanticipated costs may also arise and our overall future capital requirements may vary due to the occurrence of unforeseen factors. We had negative cash flow from operating activities of $9,660,481 and $1,432,523 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and will require additional equity or debt financing to operate and expand our business. If such financing is not available to us, or is not available on satisfactory terms, our ability to operate and expand our business or respond to competitive pressures would be curtailed or severely limited and we may need to delay, limit or disregard expansion plans, elements of our growth strategy or operations. Our inability to secure sufficient funding could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations. In addition, the issuance of Common Shares pursuant to any equity financing may affect the value of our Common Shares and could result in dilution to our Shareholders.

 

   

We have experienced net losses since incorporation. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 we incurred net losses of $13,858,800 and $2,341,544, respectively. We anticipate that our operating expenses and capital expenditures will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest to expand our production capacity, increase our customer base, supplier and distributor network, hire additional employees, scale our R&D efforts and introduce new products in the market, pursue expansion to other jurisdictions, and ramp-up our marketing programs to build brand awareness. Our expansion efforts may prove more expensive than anticipated, and we may not succeed in increasing sales and margins sufficiently to offset the anticipated higher expenses. Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability, and we may incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.

 

   

The loss of some or all of our management team or other key personnel, including the directors and managers of key functional areas, could negatively affect our ability to develop and pursue our growth strategy, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Any departures of senior management could also be viewed in a negative light by investors, which could cause the market price of our Common Shares to decline.

 

31


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

   

We face intense competition in the plant-based food industry as new entrants and more traditional food companies vie for market share in this rapidly evolving market. Most of our competitors are, and many of our potential competitors may be, larger, and may have greater brand recognition, greater presence in both the retail and online marketplace and access to greater financial, marketing and other resources. Therefore, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of their products, generate greater brand recognition or adopt more aggressive pricing policies and distribution methods than we can. As a result, we may lose market share, which could reduce our revenue and adversely affect our results of operations. There is no assurance that we will continue to compete successfully against existing or future competitors.

 

   

A number of the ingredients in our products, such as vegetables, beans and vital wheat gluten derived from wheat flour, are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, frosts, earthquakes, hurricanes and pestilence which may reduce their available supply. We also compete with other food producers in the procurement of ingredients, and as consumer demand for plant-based protein products increases, this competition may increase. If supplies of quality ingredients are reduced or there is greater demand for such ingredients, we may not be able to obtain sufficient supply on favourable terms, or at all, or if we are unable to secure long-term supply agreements, this could impact our ability to meet demand for our products which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

   

There is risk in our ability to effectively scale production processes and effectively manage our supply chain requirements. If we do not accurately align our production capabilities and inventory supply with demand, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

 

   

We have grown rapidly since inception and in particular since completing the IPO, which growth has placed significant demands on our management, financial, operational, and other resources. The anticipated growth and expansion of our business and our product offerings will continue to place considerable demands on our management and operations teams and require substantial additional resources to meet our needs, which may not be available in a cost-effective manner, or at all. If we do not effectively manage our growth, we may not be able to execute on our business plan, respond to competitive pressures, take advantage of market opportunities, satisfy customer requirements or maintain high-quality product offerings, any of which could harm our business, brand, results of operations and financial condition.

 

   

Our acquisition strategy could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. To pay for any such acquisitions, we would have to use cash, incur debt, or issue debt or equity securities, each of which may affect our financial condition or the value of our Common Shares and could result in dilution to our Shareholders.

 

   

Our use of third-party providers for fulfillment is subject to risks, including but not limited to, labour disruptions, human error and shipment delays. Any unanticipated changes in our third-party providers, such as a result of a strike or other stoppages, could result in logistical difficulties that could adversely impact deliveries and we may incur costs and expend resources in connection with such change.

 

   

We are subject to risks that affect the food industry in general, including the risks posed by food spoilage, accidental contamination, foodborne illness, product tampering, consumer product liability, and the potential costs and disruptions of a product recall. Any product safety issue could subject us to product liability and negligence claims, including consumer class action lawsuits, adverse publicity and government scrutiny, investigation or intervention, resulting in increased costs and decreased sales. Any claims brought against us may exceed or be outside the scope of our existing or future insurance policy coverage or limits. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

   

Real or perceived quality or food safety concerns or failures to comply with applicable food regulations and requirements, whether or not ultimately based on fact and whether or not involving us (such as incidents involving our competitors), could cause negative publicity and reduced confidence in our Company, brand or products, or the industry as a whole, which could in turn harm our reputation and sales, and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

32


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

   

Any loss of confidence on the part of consumers in the ingredients used in our products or in the safety and quality of our products would be difficult and costly to overcome. Issues regarding the safety of any of our products, regardless of the cause, may have a substantial and adverse effect on our brand, reputation and operating results.

 

   

We could be required to recall certain or a large portion of our products, including in the event of contamination or adverse test results or as a precautionary measure. A product recall could result in significant losses due to its costs, destruction of product inventory and lost sales due to the unavailability of the product or potential loss of current or new customers as a result of an adverse impact on our reputation.

 

   

We rely on unpatented proprietary expertise, recipes and formulations and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. If we do not keep our trade secrets confidential, others may produce products with our recipes or formulations. Further, we currently own no patents or exclusive intellectual property rights in processes used for our products. As a result, our current and future competitors may be able to create and sell products similar to ours.

 

   

We rely on trademark registrations and common law trademark and copyright rights to protect the distinctiveness of our brand. Current and future trademarks not yet registered may not be approved, or may be refused, and ultimately not registered. Failure to protect our trademark rights could prevent us in the future from challenging third parties who use names and logos similar to our trademarks, which may in turn cause consumer confusion or negatively affect consumers’ perception of our brand and products.

 

   

The products sold in our wholesale program are sold through food distributors who sell and deliver our products to retailers. The loss of one or more significant distributors, if we are unable to replace the distributor in a timely manner, could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

   

Maintaining and enhancing our current brand image and awareness or any future brands we develop or acquire may require us to make investments in areas such as public relations and marketing. These investments may be substantial, and our efforts may not ultimately be successful.

 

   

Our brand image and reputation may be impacted by actions taken by our employees, product attributes (including food safety and quality assurance issues that may result in recalls) and negative commentary or reviews. Brand value is based on perceptions of subjective qualities, and any incident that erodes the loyalty of consumers, including adverse publicity, governmental investigation or litigation, could significantly reduce the value of our brand and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Negative publicity about us, our brands or our products on social or digital media could seriously damage our brands and reputation.

 

   

Our facilities are vulnerable to disruption from natural disasters, extreme and/or unusual weather, global health crises and disease outbreaks (including COVID-19), and other unexpected events. These events could cause disruptions in our operations and those of our third-party partners, including our suppliers. Any such disruption or unanticipated event may cause significant interruptions or delays in our business and the reduction or loss of inventory may render us unable to fulfill customer orders in a timely manner, or at all which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

   

Our future growth depends, in part, on our expansion efforts outside of Canada. Failure to develop new markets outside of Canada (through our eCommerce store or otherwise) may harm our business, growth and results of operations and could cause the market price of our Common Shares to decline.

 

   

Our products are subject to regulations governing their labeling, marketing and advertising. If regulators determine that the labeling of any of our products is not in compliance with applicable law or regulations in Canada or other jurisdictions, we could be subject to civil remedies or penalties, such as fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, warning letters, restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the products, or refusals to permit the import or export of products, as well as potential criminal sanctions. We could also become subject to third-party claims, because of any violations of, or liabilities under, such requirements, including any competitor or consumer challenges relating to compliance with such requirements. Such claims could include challenges to our label or labeling claims that, if successful, could require us to make labeling changes and/or pay monetary damages. Any change in labeling or packaging

 

33


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

 

requirements for our products may lead to an increase in costs or interruptions in production, either of which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition. New or revised government laws and regulations could result in additional compliance costs and, in the event of non-compliance, civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, withdrawals, recalls or seizures and confiscations, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

   

Our growth in part depends on our ability to develop and market new products and improvements to our existing products that appeal to consumer preferences. Failure to develop and successfully market and sell new products will inhibit our growth, sales and profitability.

 

   

Our success, and our ability to increase revenue and operate profitably, depends in part on our ability to acquire new customers and retain existing customers across our distribution channels. We may fail to acquire or retain customers due to a variety of factors including negative value and quality perceptions, a lack of new and relevant products or failure to deliver customers’ orders in a timely manner.

 

   

We could be affected by other adverse developments in the relationship with one or more large customers including the loss thereof, the reduction of purchasing levels or the cancellation of any business from large customers for an extended period of time which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

   

Our failure to properly price our products could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

   

We are subject to employment, health and safety, cyber and data security, privacy, environmental, tax, advertising, competition and other laws, and regulation by government agencies such as Health Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency who regulate various aspects of our products, including food safety standards, preventive controls plans, traceability and current good manufacturing practices. Failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations and permits and licenses could subject us to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

   

The regulatory environment in which we operate could change significantly in the future. Enforcement of existing laws and regulations, changes in legal requirements and/or evolving interpretations of existing regulatory requirements may result in increased compliance costs and create other obligations, financial or otherwise, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

   

The failure of our information technology systems to operate effectively could adversely affect our business. A disruption to our eCommerce business could reduce our eCommerce revenue, increase our costs, diminish our growth prospects, expose us to litigation, decrease customer confidence and damage our brand, and a material interruption to any of our computer systems could adversely affect our business or results of operations and our reputation. Any compromise of our security or accidental loss or theft of customer or employee data in our possession could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure and damage to our reputation, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and the price of our Common Shares.

 

   

Litigation and other claims against us could result in unexpected expenses and liabilities, which could materially adversely affect our operations, our reputation and the market price of our Common Shares.

 

   

As climate change accelerates, its impacts are becoming more widespread and unpredictable. The incidence and impact of severe weather-related events, long term changes in weather patterns that lead to extreme weather and natural disasters including flooding and drought, may have a negative effect on

 

34


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

 

agricultural productivity, which may result in decreased availability or less favourable pricing for some or many of the ingredients in our products such as such as legumes and vegetables.

 

   

There is no guarantee that our insurance coverage will be sufficient, or that insurance proceeds will be paid to us on a timely basis. In addition, there are types of losses we may incur but against which we cannot be insured or which we believe are not economically reasonable to insure.

 

   

The issuance of additional Common Shares, or securities convertible into Common Shares, under any equity financing or pursuant to any equity-based compensation plans, may have a dilutive effect on the interests of Shareholders.

 

   

We lease all of our facilities and accordingly are subject to all of the risks associated with leasing, occupying and making tenant improvements to real property, including adverse demographic and competitive changes affecting the location of the property and changes in availability of and contractual terms for leasable commercial and retail space. We also have significant financial obligations under the leases we have entered into and if we are not able to meet our lease obligations, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business.

 

   

Consumer trends could change based on a number of possible factors, including economic factors and social trends. If consumer demand for our products decreases, our business and financial condition would suffer.

 

   

The global economy can be negatively impacted by a variety of factors such as the spread or fear of spread of contagious diseases (such as COVID-19), man-made or natural disasters, actual or threatened war, terrorist activities, political unrest, civil unrest, and other geopolitical uncertainty. Prolonged unfavourable economic conditions or uncertainty may have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

 

   

As we expand our operations, unions may attempt to organize all or part of our employee base. Responding to such organization attempts may divert the attention and efforts of management and employees and may have a negative financial impact on our business. Protracted and extensive work stoppages or labour disruptions such as strikes or lockouts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

   

If we obtain status as a Certified B Corporation our reputation could be harmed if we lose such status, whether by our choice or by our failure to meet B Lab’s certification requirements, if that change in status were to create a perception that we are more focused on financial performance and are no longer as committed to the values shared by Certified B Corporations.

 

   

If our ESG practices do not meet third-party benchmarks or scores we may lose investment from certain Shareholders and our business and reputation could be negatively impacted and the price of our Common Shares could be materially and adversely affected.

 

   

We are party to contracts, transactions and business relationships with various third parties, pursuant to which such third parties have performance, payment and other obligations to us. If any of these third parties were to become subject to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings, our rights and benefits in relation to our contracts, transactions and business relationships with such third parties could be terminated, modified in a manner adverse to us, or otherwise impaired.

 

   

Changes in accepted accounting principles and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates or judgments could significantly change our reported financial performance or financial condition in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

   

The market price of our Common Shares could be subject to significant fluctuations which could materially reduce the market price of our Common Shares regardless of our operating performance.

 

   

We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our Common Shares or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our Common Shares will have on the market price of our Common Shares. Sales

 

35


The Very Good Food Company | Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

 

of substantial amounts of our Common Shares, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Common Shares.

 

   

We currently expect to retain all available funds for use in the operation and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

BOARD APPROVAL

The Board of Directors oversees management’s responsibility for financial reporting and internal control systems through an Audit Committee. This Committee meets periodically with management and annually with the independent auditors to review the scope and results of the annual audit and to review the financial statements and related financial reporting and internal control matters before the financial statements are approved by the Board of Directors and submitted to the shareholders of the Company.

The Board of Directors of the Company has approved the financial statements and the disclosure contained in this MD&A.

CONTROLS CERTIFICATION

In connection with National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings (“NI 52-109”), the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, will file a Venture Issuer Basic Certificate with respect to the financial information contained in unaudited interim financial statements and the audited annual financial statements and respective accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis. The Venture Issuer Basic Certification does not include representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in NI 52-109.

 

36


LOGO

The Very Good Food Company Inc. 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, BC, V5M 3T7 Canada 1.855.526.9254 hello@verygoodfood 213892-001 .com www.verygoodfood.com

 

Exhibit 4.4

 

LOGO

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

June 10, 2021


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

     3  

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

     3  

CORPORATE STRUCTURE

     6  

Incorporation and Head Office

     6  

Intercorporate Relationships

     6  

DEVELOPMENT OF OUR BUSINESS

     6  

History & Mission

     6  

Three-Year History

     7  

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

     10  

Overview

     10  

Distribution Channels

     11  

Ingredient Supply

     12  

Product Innovation

     12  

Seasonality

     12  

Competitive Conditions

     12  

Regulatory Environment and Food Safety

     12  

Employees

     13  

Intellectual Property

     13  

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

     13  

RISK FACTORS

     14  

Risks Relating to our Business and Industry

     14  

Risks Relating to our Common Shares

     15  

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

     27  

DIVIDEND POLICY

     27  

MARKET FOR COMMON SHARES

     28  

Trading Price and Volume

     28  

Prior Sales

     28  

ESCROWED SECURITIES AND SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER

     30  

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

     31  

AUDIT COMMITTEE

     33  

PROMOTERS

     34  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

     35  

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

     35  

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

     35  

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

     35  

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

     35  

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     36  

APPENDIX A – AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER

     37  

 

2


THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the “Company”, “VERY GOOD’’, “us”, “we” or “our’’ refer to The Very Good Food Company Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all information provided in this annual information form (the “Annual Information Form” or “AIF”) is given as at December 31, 2020. All references to ‘‘$’’ or “dollars” are to Canadian dollars. Amounts are stated in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated. Certain totals, subtotals and percentages throughout this Annual Information Form may not reconcile due to rounding.

This Annual Information Form contains certain trademarks held by the Company, such as The Very Good Food Co., The Very Good Butchers, and We Butcher Beans, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are our property. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and trade names referred to in this Annual Information Form may appear without the symbol, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks and trade names.

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Annual Information Form contains “forward-looking information’’ within the meaning of applicable securities laws in Canada. Forward-looking information may relate to anticipated events or results and may include information regarding our financial position, business strategy, growth plans, budgets, operations, financial results, taxes, dividend policy, plans and objectives. Particularly, information regarding our expectations of future results, performance, achievements, prospects or opportunities or the markets in which we operate is forward-looking information. In some cases, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “plans’’, “targets’’, “expects’’ or “does not expect”, “is expected’’, “an opportunity exists’’, “budget’’, “scheduled’’, “estimates”, “outlook”, “forecasts’’, “projection’’, “prospects’’, “strategy’’, “intends’’, “anticipates’’, “does not anticipate’’, “believes’’, or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might”, “will’’, “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved”. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, intentions, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances contain forward-looking information. Statements containing forward-looking information are not historical facts but instead represent management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events or circumstances.

Discussions containing forward-looking information may be found, among other places, under “Development of our Business”, “Description of the Business” and “Risk Factors’’.

In particular and without limitation, this AIF contains forward-looking information includes, among other things, statements relating to:

 

   

the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19”) and its impacts on our business;

 

   

our business strategy and growth plans;

 

   

our capital expenditures and operations;

 

   

the anticipated production volume capacities of the Rupert Facility (as defined in this AIF), the Patterson Facility (as defined in this AIF) and the Fairview Facility (as defined in this AIF), and the Company’s ability to scale and increase production output and the timing thereof;

 

   

expectations regarding the number of production lines and numbers of SKUs to be produced at the Rupert Facility and the Patterson Facility;

 

   

timing for the commencement of food production at the Patterson Facility and on the second production line at the Rupert Facility;

 

3


   

the Company’s ability to increase wholesale distribution in Canada and in the United States;

 

   

plans for, and the anticipated timing of, an eCommerce sales launch in the United Kingdom and in the European Union;

 

   

plans for and the anticipated benefits of VERY GOOD’s product innovation centre at Mount Pleasant including the ability to rapidly introduce new creative products into the market;

 

   

the anticipated timing for opening of the Mount Pleasant flagship butcher shop;

 

   

the Company’s commitment to corporate responsibility;

 

   

the Company’s ability to become a “Certified B Corporation”;

 

   

VERY GOOD’s acquisition strategy;

 

   

plans for, and the timing of, the launch of The Very Good Cheese Co. brand in the second quarter of 2021 and the Company’s new “Butcher’s Select” gluten-free line of products in the third quarter of 2021;

 

   

expectations regarding the scaling of the Company’s retail network to a target of greater than 3,000 retail stores and 15,000 points of distribution by the end of 2021 in Canada and the United States;

 

   

the ability to complete over 5,000 eCommerce orders per week;

 

   

the ongoing discussions with major US retailer banners regarding the distribution of the Company’s products;

 

   

the Company’s plans to obtain sustainability certifications and be both carbon and plastic neutral in the future;

 

   

the expected timing for non-GMO certification;

 

   

expectations regarding our ability to use the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant as a template for the opening of additional locations across North America;

 

   

continuing to strategically register trademarks; and

 

   

expectations regarding the Credit Facility (as defined in this AIF).

Forward-looking information is based on our opinions, estimates and assumptions in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we currently believe are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances. Despite a careful process to prepare and review the forward-looking information, there can be no assurance that the underlying opinions, estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct. Certain assumptions in respect of the impact of COVID-19; no material deterioration in general business and economic conditions; no material fluctuations of interest rates and foreign exchange rates; continued strong demand for our products; planned capital projects such as Mount Pleasant, the Patterson Facility, the Rupert Facility and the construction, costs, schedules, approvals and anticipated benefits relating thereto; the availability of sufficient capital to fund capital requirements associated with existing operations and capital projects; the ability to obtain necessary equipment, production inputs and labour; growth plans; the ability to retain senior management and other key personnel; the competitive environment conditions and our ability to position VERY GOOD competitively; the execution of our business strategy and growth plans and the impact thereof; future performance including future financial objectives; and food safety and regulatory compliance are all material assumptions made in preparing forward-looking information and management’s expectations.

Forward-looking information is necessarily based on a number of opinions, estimates and assumptions that we considered appropriate and reasonable as of the date such statements are made, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including but not limited to the following risk factors described in greater detail under the heading entitled ‘‘Risk Factors’’ in this Annual Information Form:

 

   

the impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

 

   

our potential failure to successfully establish, or potential disruptions at, our facilities;

 

   

our need for significant additional funding and our negative cash flow from operations;

 

   

risks relating to the Credit Facility;

 

   

our history of losses;

 

   

the loss of members of our management team or other key personnel;

 

   

the highly competitive nature of the plant-based industry;

 

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limited or disrupted supply of raw materials including key ingredients;

 

   

inability to scale production and manage our supply chain;

 

   

the rapid growth of our business and our ability to meet growth goals;

 

   

our acquisition strategy and ability to integrate new business;

 

   

our reliance on third-party logistics providers;

 

   

food safety and consumer health;

 

   

our ability to protect our trademarks or other intellectual property rights;

 

   

our increasing reliance on distributors;

 

   

the effectiveness of our marketing efforts including digital marketing and social media campaigns;

 

   

inability to protect our brand value and reputation;

 

   

failure to successfully expand to new markets;

 

   

failure to comply with applicable product labelling, marketing and advertising regulations;

 

   

our inability to develop and market new products and improvement to existing products;

 

   

failure to acquire or retain customers across our distribution channels;

 

   

the effects of consolidation in the retail grocer sector;

 

   

our failure to comply with laws and regulations;

 

   

disruptions affecting our information technology systems and eCommerce business;

 

   

claims made against us, which may result in litigation;

 

   

the impacts of climate change;

 

   

insurance-related risks;

 

   

leasing commercial and retail space;

 

   

consumer trends;

 

   

changes in the general economic conditions;

 

   

union attempts to organize our employees;

 

   

failure to meet social responsibility metrics or ESG benchmarks;

 

   

counterparty risk;

 

   

changes in accounting standards;

 

   

volatility in the market price for Common Shares (as defined in this AIF);

 

   

future equity sales; and

 

   

no cash dividends for the foreseeable future.

If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the opinions, estimates or assumptions underlying the forward-looking information prove incorrect, actual results or future events might vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. The opinions, estimates or assumptions referred to above and described in greater detail in “Risk Factors’’ should be considered carefully by readers.

Although we have attempted to identify important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, there may be other risk factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material that could also cause actual results or future events to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking information. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information, which speaks only as of the date made. The forward-looking information contained in this Annual Information Form represents our expectations as of the date of this Annual Information Form (or as the date they are otherwise stated to be made) and are subject to change after such date. However, we disclaim any intention or obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward- looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws in Canada.

All of the forward-looking information contained in this Annual Information Form is expressly qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements.

 

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CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Incorporation and Head Office

VERY GOOD is a public company that was incorporated on December 27, 2016 under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) under the name “The Very Good Butchers Inc.’’ and changed its name to The Very Good Food Company Inc. on October 1, 2019. On August 7, 2018, the Company altered its Notice of Articles (the “Articles”) to reflect an alteration to the authorized share structure by eliminating all classes of shares except for common shares (the ‘‘Common Shares’’) and on July 29, 2019, the Company amended its Articles to, among other things, provide that the Common Shares may be uncertificated and held in “book-entry” form, allow for names changes to be approved by directors’ resolution and remove certain shareholder drag-along rights.

Our head office is located at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada, V5M 3T7 and our registered and records office is located at 885 W. Georgia, #900, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3H1. VERY GOOD’s corporate website address is www.verygoodfood.com.

Intercorporate Relationships

The following chart identifies the Company’s current subsidiaries, their applicable governing corporate jurisdictions and the percentage of their voting securities which are beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly by VERY GOOD. As of December 31, 2020, none of the Company’s subsidiaries had total assets or operating revenues that exceeded 10% of the consolidated assets and operating revenues of the Company.

 

LOGO

DEVELOPMENT OF OUR BUSINESS

History & Mission

We are an emerging plant-based food technology company that produces plant-based meat and other food products that are delicious while maintaining a wholesome nutritional profile. To date we have developed a core product line under The Very Good Butchers brand.

Founded by James Davison and Mitchell Scott in 2016, VERY GOOD grew out of their common frustration over a lack of good, tasty, top quality, nutritional plant-based food and the desire to offer innovative, low-processed and healthy alternatives to animal-based products, that are as great-tasting as they look. This desire underpins the lofty, badass but beautifully simple mission that guides our purpose-driven business: get millions to rethink their food choices while helping them do the world a world of good.

 

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Three-Year History

During the three years ended December 31, 2020 and in the period subsequent to the end of fiscal 2020, a number of events, factors and initiatives have impacted the development and growth of our Company.

Early Days

Our Company started by selling products at local farmer’s markets. In February 2017, we opened the first vegan butcher shop on the west coast of Canada at the Victoria Public Market in Victoria, British Columbia (the “Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant”) which garnered significant public interest, with over 1000 people attending on opening day. In August 2017, the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant was expanded to include a newly created restaurant designed to serve an enhanced product line and hot-food offerings. In the fall of 2017, we established our wholesale program with initial deliveries to smaller natural food grocery retailers. In April 2018, we launched our eCommerce store.

Scaling Production

Initially, we handcrafted products at a production kitchen on Denman Island in British Columbia. In December 2018, we moved our production kitchen to Victoria and in May 2019 expanded our production capacity by moving production to a 4,000 square feet production facility in Victoria (the “Victoria Facility”). With continued growth in product demand, increasing production at the Victoria Facility was a key corporate priority in 2020. We put in place various initiatives to optimize and increase production, such as effective production scheduling, labour retention and supply chain planning. We also implemented an updated inventory management system in September 2020, which has streamlined inventory tracking and procurement as well as a just-in-time inventory management system, which is expected to further increase capacity and improve eCommerce order wait times. The initiatives implemented to date resulted in an increase in weekly production volume to 20,000 lbs per week as at December 31, 2020 and a further increase to 24,000 lbs per week subsequent to fiscal 2020 year-end.

In August 2020, we entered into a lease for a production and distribution facility already built-out for food production located in Patterson, California (the “Patterson Facility”). We initially leased 25,000 square feet of space and hold an option to acquire an additional 25,000 square feet of adjoining space. The Patterson Facility is strategically located on the same property as one of our third-party logistics (“3PL”) providers such that product can be delivered for distribution by way of a short-haul forklift at minimal cost with no time in transit, and is also located on key shipping routes for ground transportation to wholesale clients and in close proximity to key suppliers. The Patterson Facility can accommodate up to four production lines, allowing for potential capacity of up to 98,500,000 lbs of product per year. We plan to start food production at the Patterson Facility in the latter part of 2021.

In November 2020, we entered into a lease for an approximately 45,000 square feet production facility in Vancouver, British Columbia (the “Rupert Facility”). Already built-out for food production with production, refrigeration, warehousing, research and development space and office space, the Rupert Facility presented us with a unique opportunity to build capacity and address near-term demand. The Rupert Facility is expected to be capable of producing up to 37,000,000 lbs of annualized product to be phased in over the next year. The Rupert Facility will have two production lines. The first line has been commissioned, tested and is producing saleable product effective May 2021. The second line is planned to start food production in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Through the acquisition of The Cultured Nut Inc. (the “Cultured Nut”), an artisan vegan cheese company based in Victoria, Canada in the first quarter of 2021, we took over the lease of their existing production facility located in Esquimalt, British Columbia (the “Fairview Facility”) and are currently in the process of scaling production to 500,000 lbs per year, the equivalent of 130,000 units per month through the addition of capital equipment and enhancing operational process flow. The Fairview Facility will continue to produce the Cultured Nut’s existing SKUs as well as other plant-based cheese products in development. The Cultured Nut’s top five products are being rebranded to The Very Good Cheese Co.

 

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Butcher Shops and Product Innovation Centre

In January 2020, we entered into a lease for an approximately 14,000 square feet space in Vancouver’s Mt. Pleasant district (“Mount Pleasant”) and took possession on September 1, 2020. Mount Pleasant will be our second flagship store, with a retail front featuring our vegan butcher shop and restaurant concept, including a test kitchen, and will also house our research and development innovation centre (the “R&D Innovation Centre”) focused on product innovation and development. The R&D Innovation Centre will include a smaller production line which will be used to test new products and produce product for sale. We currently expect to welcome our first customers to the Mount Pleasant flagship store in the fourth quarter of 2021.

In September 2020, we entered into a lease for a new location for the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant in downtown Victoria, British Columbia, currently scheduled to open at the end of June 2021. This location will feature an outdoor patio, larger footprint and will accommodate a higher volume of customers, while maintaining COVID-19 pandemic social distancing protocols for as long as these remain in place. This flagship location will be a template for the future opening of additional locations across strategic cities in North America.

Expanding Wholesale Distribution

As we have increased production capacity, we have entered into several retail partnerships and have been able to expand wholesale distribution points to 1,300 in 275 stores as at December 31, 2020. As at March 31, 2021, we had approximately 1,356 retail distribution points in Canada in 300 stores. Wholesale distribution points are defined as the number of retail stores multiplied by the number of product SKUs.

We have wholesale distribution partnerships in both Canada and the US. In 2020, we entered into wholesale distribution partnerships in Canada with Canada Choice Wholesalers (CCW), Horizon Distributors and United Natural Foods (UNIFI) (Canada). Most recently, to increase our wholesale retail distribution in the US, we entered into new partnerships with Boulder, Colorado-based natural food and beverage brokerage, Green Spoon Sales and wholesale distributor UNFI (USA), to accelerate our reach into grocery and retail across the US.

Through these wholesale distribution relationships, our products are now sold in various retail banners in Canada. In May 2020, select Whole Foods Market stores in Vancouver and Victoria, BC began carrying our The Very Good Butchers brand of plant-based meat alternatives. In July 2020, a distribution relationship with Sobeys Inc. became effective, which initially represents 30 Thrifty Foods stores located across British Columbia and Alberta, with the potential for expansion across Sobeys’ 1,500 store cross-country network. In August 2020, Canadian distributor and sustainable online retailer Spud.ca began carrying The Very Good Butchers products. In January 2021, Quality Foods, a Vancouver Island based retailer owned by the Jim Pattison Group, agreed to list The Very Good Butchers products, increasing our retail network by 14 locations. In February 2021, Sobeys agreed to expand product placements into its top ten Safeway locations, and we also expanded our distribution into Eastern Canada through Farm Boy retail stores which are part of the Sobeys network. We are also in ongoing discussions with several major retail banners in the US for the introduction of our products onto their shelves in the latter part of 2021.

Scaling eCommerce

Establishing hubs across North America is a critical step in building a scalable eCommerce business, reducing shipping costs and enhancing customer relationships through faster delivery times. In August 2020, we signed agreements with three strategically located 3PL providers in North America to increase speed of delivery to customers and reduce associated shipping costs for eCommerce store orders. These 3PL facilities’ centralized locations provide VERY GOOD with the capabilities of reaching anywhere in North America in two to three days via ground or rail transportation. All three providers provide pick, pack and ship services for our eCommerce orders and wholesale palletization for orders from retailers. These agreements have allowed us to increase our online order fulfilment rate from 900 per week to 1,800 per week during the fourth quarter of 2020.

 

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Financings and Stock Exchange Listings

Since incorporation we have capitalized VERY GOOD with a series of private placements. In August 2017, we launched a Kickstarter campaign and raised $64,000 from 700 different backers. In September 2018, we launched a fundraising campaign through FrontFundr and raised $600,000 in convertible debentures from 248 investors across Canada in a series of closings pursuant to the crowdfunding and accredited investor exemptions under applicable securities legislation. In June 2019, we completed a further financing round of convertible debentures in the principal amount of $300,000. Together, these convertible debentures converted into an aggregate of 7,494,716 Common Shares upon completion of our initial public offering on June 17, 2020 (the “IPO’’). On July 31, 2019, we closed a private placement for gross proceeds of $1,849,80 through the issuance of 12,348,669 Common Shares and 6,174,334 warrants exercisable into Common Shares (“Warrants’’). All of the Warrants were exercised prior to their expiry on July 31, 2020, for additional proceeds to us of approximately $1.8 million.

Upon completion of the IPO, our Common Shares were listed for trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE’’) under the symbol “VERY”. Since becoming a public company, we have completed two public offerings, a bought deal for gross proceeds of $8,521,500 that closed on August 7, 2020 (the “August Bought Deal”) and a bought deal for gross proceeds of $13,226,150 that closed on December 4, 2020 (the “December Bought Deal’’). Concurrently with the December Bought Deal, we also completed a private placement for gross proceeds of $999,999 to accommodate investor demand that could not be included in the December Bought Deal.

On March 17, 2021, our Company graduated from the CSE to the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSX-V’’) and our Common Shares became listed on the TSX-V under the symbol VERY.V and were subsequently delisted from the CSE. In 2020, our Common Shares were also listed on the OTCQB under the symbol ‘‘VRYYF’’ and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the symbol ‘‘0SI’’.

On March 9, 2021, we announced the execution of a non-binding term sheet (the “Term Sheet”) with a lender for a committed $70 million senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). On June 7, 2021, we announced the execution of a definitive loan agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with respect to the Credit Facility which superseded the Term Sheet. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, the Credit Facility provides a senior secured $20 million revolving line of credit and a $50 million asset backed term loan to VERY GOOD. All amounts drawn under the Credit Facility pay interest at a rate of 9.95% per annum and be repaid in full upon maturity. The Loan Agreement provides for a term of 24 months for the Credit Facility with an option to renew, upon mutual consent, for another 12 months. The Credit Facility is secured by the Company’s assets.

Acquisitions

In February 2021, we entered the plant-based cheese market with the acquisition of the Cultured Nut, with sales distribution in several online and grocery retailers, including select Whole Foods Market stores. The acquisition was completed pursuant to a share purchase agreement between the Company and the shareholders of Cultured Nut, for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The purchase price comprised an equity issuance of 139,676 Common Shares at a deemed price of approximately $7.15 per Common Share ($1,000,000) and cash consideration of $2,000,000, of which $1,000,000 is contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of the Cultured Nut’s business over a 12-month period. We currently intend to rebrand the Cultured Nut’s product line under a new brand called The Very Good Cheese Co., which is expected to launch in the second quarter of 2021 through VERY GOOD’s eCommerce and wholesale distribution channels.

In March 2021, we completed the acquisition of Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc. (“Lloyd-James’’), a boutique wholesale and food service broker specializing in the plant-based food industry. Lloyd-James has a history of placement in large natural, specialty and conventional grocery retailers such as Whole Foods Market, The Pattison Food Group, Sobeys, Metro, Loblaw and Walmart. The acquisition was completed pursuant to a share purchase agreement between the Company and the sole shareholder of Lloyd James for

 

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an aggregate purchase price of $1,075,000, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The purchase price comprised an equity issuance of 62,329 Common Shares at a deemed price of approximately $6.42 per Common Share ($400,000) and cash consideration of $675,000, of which $350,000 is contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the achievement of specific sales targets in 2021.

Building our Team

Since inception our founders, Mitchell Scott and James Davison, have been joined by accomplished executives and professionals with a broad range of expertise and skills. In particular, over the past ten months we have worked to build the right team to grow our business by investing in talent across the organization.

At the senior leadership level, Kamini Hitkari became our Chief Financial Officer in September 2020 and subsequently also assumed the role of Corporate Secretary. Kamini is a Chartered Accountant with a background in the consumer product goods industry and scaling high-growth companies. In December 2020, William (Bill) Tolany was appointed to our board of directors (the “Board’’). Bill has extensive experience in marketing and ecommerce strategies, having previously served as the Senior Director of Marketing at Whole Foods Market and as Regional General Manager for Amazon, where he helped lead the launch and expansion of Amazon Prime Now. In January 2021, Ana Silva joined us as President from Daiya Foods Inc., where she served as Chief Financial Officer for the past five years, during which time Daiya underwent a $405 million acquisition. Ana also serves as a member of the Board.

The Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Since its outbreak, COVID-19 has continued to spread globally and had a significant impact on general economic conditions. While some COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted or eased in many jurisdictions as the rates of COVID-19 infections have decreased or stabilized and the rollout of vaccines has gained momentum, the duration and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic currently remains unknown.

Along with businesses globally, VERY GOOD is subject to the continuing risk that COVID-19, and its current and/or any future variants, may impact our results of operations or financial condition through disruptions to our operations including as a result of temporary production suspensions at our Victoria, Rupert, or Fairview Facilities, prolonged indoor dining restrictions at our Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship Store, interruptions in our supply chain and distribution network, or delays in the delivery of equipment to our production facilities.

We continue to utilize and refine our safety protocols to ensure the health and wellness of our employees which include the use of personal protective equipment and physical distancing initiatives to reduce risk within our facilities. As a result of the policies and procedures implemented, our operations have been largely uninterrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic other than with respect to the impact of the government mandated closures for in-restaurant dining on our Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship Store which have been lifted as at the date of this Annual Information Form.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Overview

Principal Products: Our principal products are comprised of a varied line-up of natural plant-based meat alternatives under our The Very Good Butchers brand. Since the acquisition of the Cultured Nut we also sell vegan cheeses, marketed under The Very Good Cheese Co. brand starting in June 2021. The principal ingredients we use to create The Very Good Butchers products include legumes such as black, adzuki and navy beans, a variety of vegetables and/or fruit, vital wheat gluten (the natural protein found in wheat), herbs and spices. The Cultured Nut products are made from tree nuts using fermentation as part of the process and are soy and gluten free.

 

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Principal Customers: We sell our products to major grocery chains, independent grocery outlets, online retailers and on our eCommerce platform. Our products are merchandized in the refrigerated and frozen sections of stores. In addition to wholesale and the eCommerce sales channels, we also offer our products in the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship Store, where we sell them individually for a deli-like experience and in creative plant-based iterations of traditionally animal protein centric dishes on the restaurant menu.

Principal Markets: We currently sell our products in Canada and the United States.

Distribution Channels

We currently distribute and sell our products through three main channels: eCommerce, wholesale and the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant as described below.

eCommerce – Our eCommerce Store sells VERY GOOD’s products both individually and in boxed sets. In addition, VERY GOOD offers a monthly subscription service which allows customers to receive monthly boxed sets at a discount over a select period of time. As at December 31, 2020, we had over 800 active subscribers across Canada and in the United States and at the end of our first quarter ended March 31, 2021, we had over 1,900 active subscribers with new subscribers joining daily. eCommerce sales allow us to capitalize on demand by shipping products directly to consumers and transforming demand into a recurring income stream via a subscription model. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we shipped 40,322 eCommerce orders and during the three months ended March 31, 2021, we shipped 23,181 eCommerce orders which represents 57% of the total eCommerce orders processed in fiscal 2020. We monitor weekly orders versus inventory on hand and manage marketing efforts in lock step with production capacity.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, revenue from the eCommerce channel was $3,382,458, representing 72.9% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2020, compared to $225,121 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 representing 22.5% of consolidated revenue for fiscal 2019.

Wholesale – As at December 31, 2020, we had approximately 1,300 retail distribution points in Canada in 275 stores. Subsequent to year-end, this had increased to 1,356 retail distribution points in Canada in 300 stores as at March 31, 2021. These wholesale accounts include national grocery store chains operating in Western Canada including Whole Foods Market, Thrifty Foods (Sobeys), Fresh St. Market, Choices Markets and IGA, as well as smaller independent grocers and online retailers. As at the date of this Annual Information Form, our products we have also expanded to Eastern Canada where our products are now available at Farm Boy in Ontario.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, revenue from the wholesale channel was $840,490 representing 18.1% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2020, compared to $156,137 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 representing 15.6% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2019.

Butcher Shops & Restaurants – Our current and future butcher shop and restaurant locations are intended to serve as the brick and mortar of our distribution network, designed to showcase our products, serve as test kitchens, and be utilized as a key marketing and branding tool. We currently have the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship Store and our second flagship butcher shop and restaurant at Mount Pleasant is scheduled to open in the latter part of the fourth quarter of 2021.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, revenue from the Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant and our food truck, was $413,890 representing 8.9% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2020, compared to $618,539 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 representing 61.9% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2020.

 

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Ingredient Supply

We source ingredients from a number of suppliers and have entered into written supply agreements for some key ingredients such as certain types of beans and vital wheat gluten. Many of the inputs in our products are generally readily available in the market from a variety of suppliers, however, as our production volume ramps up, we will increasingly be required to enter into volume agreements to secure timely access and pricing in our supply chain, in particular with respect to vegetables in line with crop cycles and for organic ingredients.

Product Innovation

Central to our ability to compete is the ability to continually innovate and develop new plant-based products. Our future R&D Innovation Centre at Mount Pleasant will support a pipeline of new product innovation to broaden and deepen our product portfolio.

We currently expect to launch our new “Butcher’s Select’’ gluten-free and soy-free line of products in the third quarter of 2021. Butcher’s Select comprises plant-based sausages, burgers and meatballs carefully crafted using simple ingredients with an extra meaty texture.

In addition, following the acquisition of the Cultured Nut, we relaunched five SKUs of plant-based cheese under our new brand, The Very Good Cheese Co. in our eCommerce channel starting in June 2021. The SKUs will be available in retail stores in the third quarter of 2021.

Seasonality

Demand for our products can be seasonally affected as demand increases for certain items such a burgers and hot dogs in the summer BBQ season and for other products such as our Beast roast, in the winter holidays season. We also compete with other plant-based food companies for raw materials many of which must be secured at specific times of the year due to timing of crop cycles.

Competitive Conditions

The plant-based food market has experienced accelerated growth in recent years. This growth has been accompanied by intense competitive pressure as new entrants, legacy plant protein companies and more traditional multi-national food manufacturers compete for market share in this rapidly evolving space. Our competitors are a diverse group of brands that produce plant-based food products including small and large independent companies as well as large-scale manufacturers of animal-based protein that have integrated plant-based meat, dairy and other food alternatives within their product offerings.

We compete both in the meat alternatives market and in the plant-based cheese category based on a combination of factors, including taste, nutritional profile and ingredients, quality, product availability, retailer shelf space and shelf placement, brand awareness and customer loyalty, price, and effective promotions.

Regulatory Environment and Food Safety

The food industry is highly regulated and is subject to changing political, legislative, regulatory, and other influences. In Canada, the primary federal agencies governing the manufacture, distribution, labelling and advertising of the consumer food products are the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (the “CFIA’’) and Health Canada. Together these agencies regulate product composition, manufacturing, labelling and other marketing and advertising to consumers. The CFIA has the authority to inspect our facilities to evaluate compliance with prescribed requirements. Additionally, the CFIA requires that certain nutrition and product information appear on our product labels. We are also restricted from making certain types of claims about our products, including nutrient content claims, health claims, and claims regarding the effects of our products on any structure or function of the body, whether express or implied, unless we satisfy certain regulatory requirements.

 

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Currently the Safe Food for Canadians Act (the “SFCA’’), the Safe Food for Canadians Regulations (the “SFCR’’), the Food and Drugs Act (the “FDA’’) and the Food and Drugs Regulations (the “FDR’’) are the main federal food laws and regulations in Canada. The responsibility for food labelling is shared between the CFIA and Health Canada. Under the FDA, Health Canada, together with the CFIA, administers regulations relating to the health, safety, and nutritional quality of food sold in Canada. This includes labelling requirements about the nutrients in food, claims about nutrients, the presence of food allergens, and safety-related expiration dates. Under the FDA and FDR, the CFIA is primarily responsible for administering non-health and safety food labelling regulations related to misrepresentation, labelling, advertising and standards of identity. The CFIA is responsible for the enforcement of all of the federal food laws.

In particular, our production facilities and products are subject to inspection by the CFIA, provincial and municipal health authorities.

Our Victoria Facility and the Rupert Facility are required to adopt a Preventive Control Plan (a “PCP’’) under the SFCA and SFCR. The PCP addresses certain regulatory and safety aspects of food processing and importing in Canada and is based on internationally accepted practices. The PCP must also include a hazard analysis that describes how hazards will be controlled and/or eliminated.

In order to maintain compliance with the various and ever changing regulatory, industry and customer requirements and expectations, we employ a food safety and quality assurance team comprised of qualified, trained and experienced personnel. As part of our commitment to food safety our Victoria Facility has obtained third-party HACCP certification. HACCP is a global defining requirement for effective control of biological, chemical and physical food hazards. At our Rupert Facility we are working to complete the NSF supplier assurance audit by the end of 2021, which is a recognized third-party audit for large retailers such as Sobeys and Whole Foods Market.

Employees

As of December 31, 2020, we had 87 regular full and part-time employees, of whom 41 were salaried employees and 46 were hourly employees. Our employees are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we have had no labour-related work stoppages.

Intellectual Property

Trademarks

Brand recognition and loyalty is highly important in the food industry. Our principal trademarks currently include the logos and/or wordmarks of The Very Good Butchers, We Butcher Beans and The Very Good Food Co. which have either become registered or for which we have applied for registration in Canada, the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom. We intend to continue to work to strategically register trademarks that we use today and those we develop in the future.

Trade Secrets

We consider proprietary information related to recipes, formulas and production methods to be trade secrets. Our employees with access to such information are subject to contractual and common law confidentiality provisions which prohibit them from disclosing information, including information relating to our recipes and production methods, acquired by them during, as a consequence of, or in connection with their employment.

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

Central to our mission to get millions to rethink their food choices while helping them do the world a world of good, is our commitment to grow and operate our business in a socially responsible and environmentally sustainable manner. Within that context we are working to create a meaningful environmental, social and governance framework that aligns with our core values.

 

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Sustainability. We are committed to reducing the environmental impacts known to contribute to climate change by sourcing organic ingredients as much as possible, optimizing packaging choices through the use of sustainable materials, implementing effective waste management processes and continually evaluating our distribution systems.

Healthy Food. We are committed to promoting healthy foods and wholesome nutrition through our products and are investing in product development and innovation to expand our portfolio and consumer choice. To demonstrate our commitment to transparency in our ingredients we are also working to obtain third-party non-GMO certification of our products.

Supporting our Community. We are committed to supporting our communities through charitable contributions such as our ongoing Burger of the Month program under which we donate a portion of the sales of our Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant’s monthly burger promotion to local charities.

Human Rights in our Supply Chain. As we grow our supply chain, we are committed to working with our suppliers to support healthy working conditions and fair compensation for farmers.

Diversity. We are committed to gender and other diversity representation on our Board and executive and senior management level.

Code of Conduct. We have adopted a Code of Conduct to communicate to all of our team members our commitment to conducting business with honesty and integrity, in compliance with applicable laws, regulations and policies, and in a manner that preserves our reputation and deters unethical behavior and wrongdoing.

Becoming a Certified B Corporation. We are working to become a “Certified B Corporation”. The term Certified B Corporation does not refer to a particular form of legal entity, but instead refers to companies that are certified by B Lab, an independent non-profit organization, as meeting rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency.

RISK FACTORS

The following specific factors could materially adversely affect us and should be considered when deciding whether to make an investment in VERY GOOD and our Common Shares. The risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Information Form and the information incorporated by reference herein are those we currently believe to be material, but they are not the only ones we face. If any of the following risks, or any other risks and uncertainties that we have not yet identified or that we currently consider not to be material, actually occur or become material risks, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and consequently the price of the Common Shares could be materially and adversely affected. In all these cases, the trading price of the Common Shares could decline, and prospective investors could lose all or part of their investment. In addition, the following factors could affect our financial performance and cause actual results, plans and expectations to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any of the forward-looking information contained in this Annual Information Form.

Risks Relating to our Business and Industry

Risks associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

The global spread and unprecedented impact of COVID-19 continues to create significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. COVID-19 has led governments and other authorities around the world to implement significant measures intended to control the spread of the virus, including social distancing measures, business closures or restrictions on operations, quarantines and travel bans. While some of these restrictions have been lifted or eased in many jurisdictions as the rates of COVID-19 infections have decreased or stabilized, a resurgence of COVID-19 and the discovery of various new COVID-19 variants in some markets has slowed, halted or reversed the reopening process altogether. While the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is currently underway in Canada and in the United States, we expect that it will take significant

 

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time before the vaccines are widely available and taken up on significant scale, including as a result of delays in the rollout or administration of the COVID-19 vaccines, declines in the public’s perception of the safety of the vaccines and their willingness to take the vaccines, or if COVID-19 and the new COVID-19 variant infection rates continue to increase.

The specific impacts that we may experience as a result of COVID-19 include disruptions to our operations and lost revenue if a significant number of our employees are asked to self-isolate and are unable to work or if we are required to temporarily suspend production as a result of an outbreak of COVID-19. Similarly, the ongoing production ramp-up and planned construction of line 2 at the Rupert Facility, construction at Mount Pleasant and the opening of the new location of our Victoria Butcher Shop & Restaurant may be moderately or severely delayed as a result of COVID-19 related impacts including the British Columbia government’s provincial order to restrict dine-in restaurant services which was recently lifted in late May 2021. We could also be negatively affected if our suppliers, distributors, logistics providers or equipment vendors experience disruptions within their operations.

Overall, the ongoing effects of COVID-19 could have a material adverse impacts on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows and may adversely impact the price of our Common Shares.

Risks relating to failure to successfully establish facilities

Any substantial delays in bringing the Rupert Facility up to full production on our current schedule will affect our production capacity, our ability to meet demand for our products and expand distribution; all of which would negatively impact our ability to achieve our growth goals and financial objectives. Similarly, delays in the construction of Mount Pleasant will prevent us from opening the Mount Pleasant flagship butcher shop and restaurant and launching the R&D Innovation Centre within our current timeframe. Further, any substantial delays in our current schedule for commissioning the Patterson Facility, will have a negative impact on production capacity and the distribution of our products.

Our ability to bring the Rupert Facility up to full production, complete construction on Mount Pleasant and build-out and commission the Patterson Facility is dependent on a variety of factors including the timely receipt of required permits and approvals for construction, the accuracy of construction schedules and cost estimates, availability and cost of engineering resources, constructions crews and materials, our ability to hire and retain skilled employees at these facilities, adequate funding for the substantial capital expenditures required such as the equipment used to produce our products, the timely delivery of production equipment for which lead times can be lengthy and delays in shipping as a result of the impact of COVID-19 or otherwise.

Even if we are able to establish these facilities as planned and on schedule, we may not realize all of the operational and financial benefits we expect to receive.

Additional funding requirements and negative cash flow from operations

We are focused on growth and expansion, including the expansion of our production capacity and distribution channels. To support our expanding business and execute on our growth strategies, we will require significant capital for the build-out and equipping of our Rupert Facility, Patterson Facility and Mount Pleasant, and for funding product development and innovation, potential acquisitions, marketing and other corporate initiatives. Unanticipated costs may also arise and our overall future capital requirements may vary due to the occurrence of unforeseen factors.

We had negative cash flow from operating activities of $9,660,481 and $1,432,523 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and will require us to access the Credit Facility and require additional equity or debt financing to operate and expand our business. If such financing is not available to us, or is not available on satisfactory terms, our ability to operate and expand our business or respond to competitive pressures would be curtailed or severely limited and we may need to delay, limit or disregard expansion plans or other elements of our growth strategy or our operations. Our inability to secure sufficient funding could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations. In

 

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addition, the issuance of Common Shares pursuant to any equity financing may affect the value of our Common Shares and could result in dilution to our shareholders.

Risk relating to the Credit Facility

The Company is required to comply with customary positive and negative covenants under the Loan Agreement and, in the event that we do not comply with these covenants, our access to capital could be restricted or repayment could be required. Events beyond our control may contribute to the failure of the Company to comply with such covenants. A failure to comply with any of the covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, would permit acceleration of the indebtedness pursuant to the Credit Facility. The acceleration of the Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Facility may permit acceleration of indebtedness under any other agreements that contain cross default or cross-acceleration provisions. In addition, the Credit Facility imposes certain operating and financial restrictions on the Company that include restrictions on the payment of dividends, limitations on liens, entering into disposition of assets or amalgamations and limitations on additional indebtedness, among others. Even if VERY GOOD is able to obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms or terms that are acceptable to the Company.

Risks relating to history of losses

We have experienced net losses since incorporation. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 we incurred net losses of $13,858,800 and $2,341,544, respectively. We anticipate that our operating expenses and capital expenditures will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest to expand our production capacity, increase our customer base, supplier and distributor networks, hire additional employees, scale our R&D efforts and introduce new products in the market, pursue expansion to other jurisdictions, and ramp-up our marketing programs to build brand awareness. Our expansion efforts may prove more expensive than anticipated, and we may not succeed in increasing sales and margins sufficiently to offset the anticipated higher expenses. In addition, many of our expenses, including the costs associated with our existing and the proposed future production facilities, are fixed. Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability, and we may incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.

Risks relating to reliance on senior management and other key personnel

Our management team consists of a core group of senior executive officers. As a result of having a small group of senior executive officers, the loss of the technical knowledge, management expertise and knowledge of our operations of one or more members of our team, could result in a diversion of management resources, as the remaining members of management would need to cover the duties of any senior executive who leaves us and would need to spend time usually reserved for managing our business to search for, hire and train new members of management. We do not have key person life insurance policies for our management employees.

The loss of some or all of our management team or other key personnel, including the directors and managers of key functional areas, could negatively affect our ability to develop and pursue our growth strategy, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Any departures of senior management could also be viewed in a negative light by investors and analysts, which could cause the market price of our Common Shares to decline.

Additionally, the market for key personnel in the plant-based food industry is highly competitive. As a result, we may not be able to attract and retain key personnel with the skills and expertise necessary to manage our business and pursue our growth strategy.

Risks relating to competition in the plant-based food industry

We face intense competition in the plant-based food industry as new entrants and more traditional food companies vie for market share in this rapidly evolving market. Most of our competitors are, and many of our potential competitors may be, larger, and may have greater brand recognition, greater presence in both the

 

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retail and online marketplace and access to greater financial, marketing and other resources. Therefore, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of their products, generate greater brand recognition or adopt more aggressive pricing policies and distribution methods than we can. As a result, we may lose market share, which could reduce our revenue and adversely affect our results of operations.

We do not possess exclusive rights to some elements that currently comprise our core brand such as our vegan butcher shop concept and offerings. Our competitors may seek to emulate facets of our business strategy, butcher shop store experience or product offerings, which could result in a reduction of any competitive advantage that we may possess, and our business could suffer. There is no assurance that we will continue to compete successfully against existing or future competitors.

Risks relating to limited or disrupted supply of key ingredients

A number of the ingredients in our products, such as vegetables, beans and vital wheat gluten derived from wheat flour, are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, frosts, earthquakes, hurricanes and pestilence. Adverse weather conditions and natural disasters can lower crop yields and reduce crop size and quality, which in turn could reduce the available supply of, or increase the price of quality ingredients. We also compete with other food producers in the procurement of ingredients, and as consumer demand for plant-based protein products increases, this competition may increase. Moreover, we strive to use organic ingredients which are more limited in supply than conventional product ingredients. If supplies of quality ingredients are reduced or there is greater demand for such ingredients, we may not be able to obtain sufficient supply on favourable terms, or at all, which could impact our ability to supply products to distributors and retailers and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition to ingredients, we also purchase significant amounts of packaging for our products. Price fluctuations in our key ingredients and packaging supplies could increase our cost of goods sold and we may not be able to implement product price increases to cover any increased costs, or any price increases implemented may result in lower sales volumes. If we are not successful in managing our raw material costs, and unable to increase our prices to cover increased costs or if such price increases reduce sales volumes, then such increases in costs will adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We currently have short-term written supply agreements with only a few suppliers of our key ingredients. As we scale production at the Rupert and Patterson Facilities, we will be required to secure larger volumes of raw materials pursuant to volume commitment agreements aligned with crop cycles. If we are unable to secure such agreements for the supply of the necessary ingredients in sufficient quantities at competitive prices, or at all, this could negatively affect our production capacity and ability to meet demand for our products. Similarly, suppliers with whom we do not have any written agreements, could seek to alter or terminate their relationship with us at any time, which could result in disruption to our supply chain and have an adverse effect on our business if we are not able to replace these suppliers in a timely manner, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Risks associated with scaling production and ability to manage supply chain

Our ability to effectively scale production processes and effectively manage our supply chain requirements has risk. We must accurately forecast demand for our products and inventory needs to ensure we have adequate available production capacity and to effectively manage our inventory. Insufficient or delayed supply of products threatens our ability to meet customer demands while over capacity threatens our ability to generate profit. If we do not accurately align our production capabilities and inventory supply with demand, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Risks associated with rapidly growing our business and ability to meet growth goals

We have grown rapidly since inception and since completing our IPO, which places significant demands on our management, financial, operational and other resources. The anticipated growth and expansion of our

 

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business and our product offerings will continue to place considerable demands on our management and operations teams and will require substantial resources to meet our needs, which may not be available in a cost-effective manner, or at all. As we move forward, we expect our growth to bring new challenges and complexities that we have not faced before. We cannot anticipate all the demands that expanding operations would impose on our business, and our failure to appropriately address these demands could have an adverse effect on us. If we do not effectively manage our growth, we may not be able to execute on our business plan, respond to competitive pressures, take advantage of market opportunities, satisfy customer requirements or maintain high-quality product offerings, any of which could harm our business, brand, results of operations and financial condition.

The success of our growth strategy is dependent on, among other things, our ability to expand production through added capacity, drive revenue growth through increased sales across our distribution network, raise brand awareness, innovate, diversify our product portfolio, effectively integrate newly acquired businesses as well as other factors which are beyond our control, including general economic conditions.

If we fail to execute any one or more of these initiatives or fail to fully realize the benefits expected to result from these initiatives, our results of operations could be materially adversely impacted, and the price of our Common Shares could decline.

Risks associated with future acquisitions or investments

In the first quarter of 2021, we completed the acquisitions of the Cultured Nut and Lloyd-James. As we move to integrate these businesses with our own, we may experience difficulties, the anticipated benefits of the acquisitions may not be fully realized in a timely manner or at all. We also intend to pursue further acquisitions and investments in the future that we believe will help us achieve our strategic objectives. However, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and even if we do, we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favourable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately achieve our goals or realize the anticipated benefits as acquisitions inherently involve a number of risks. Specifically, the pursuit of acquisitions and any integration process will require significant time and resources and could divert management time and focus and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. An acquisition, investment or business relationship may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, including disrupting our ongoing operations and subjecting us to additional liabilities, increasing our expenses, and adversely impacting our business, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, we may be exposed to unknown liabilities related to the acquired company or products for which we may not be sufficiently indemnified, and the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment or business relationship may not be realized if, for example, we fail to successfully integrate such acquisition into our company. To pay for any such acquisitions, we would have to use cash, incur debt, or issue debt or equity securities, each of which may affect our financial condition or the value of our Common Shares and could result in dilution to our shareholders. Our acquisition strategy could require significant management attention, disrupt and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks relating to third-party logistics

We currently rely upon independent third-party logistics providers for the fulfillment of our eCommerce orders and increasingly also for our wholesale shipments. Our use of such third-party providers for fulfillment is subject to risks, including but not limited to, labour disruptions, human error and shipment delays. Any unanticipated changes in our third-party providers, such as a result of a strike or other stoppages, could result in logistical difficulties that could adversely impact deliveries and we may incur costs and expend resources in connection with such change. Moreover, we may not be able to obtain terms as favourable as those received from the third-party providers we currently use, which may also result in increased costs, or we may not be able to replace our current third-party providers with a viable alternative at all. Failure of our third-party providers to deliver our products in a timely manner may negatively impact our customer service levels, brand reputation and profitability. Additionally, our third-party providers are required to maintain the quality of our products and to comply with our product specifications and any failure to do so could adversely affect our reputation in the marketplace and result in product recalls, product liability claims and economic loss.

 

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Risks relating to food safety and consumer health, including product liability

We are subject to risks that affect the food industry in general, including the risks posed by food spoilage, accidental contamination, foodborne illness, product tampering, consumer product liability, and the potential costs and disruptions of a product recall. Unexpected side effects, illness, injury or death related to allergens, food-borne illnesses or other food safety incidents involving our products could result in the discontinuance of sales of these products or otherwise result in increased operating costs, regulatory enforcement actions, lawsuits or harm to our reputation. We manage these risks by maintaining strict and rigorous controls and processes in our production processes and distribution system. However, we cannot assure that such systems will eliminate the risks related to food safety. Any product safety issue could subject us to product liability and negligence claims, including consumer class action lawsuits, adverse publicity and government scrutiny, investigation or intervention, resulting in increased costs and decreased sales. Any claims brought against us may exceed or be outside the scope of our existing or future insurance policy coverage or limits. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks related to real or perceived quality or health issues with our products

We believe our consumers rely on us to provide them with high-quality plant-based products. Therefore, real or perceived quality or food safety concerns or failures to comply with applicable food regulations and requirements, whether or not ultimately based on fact and whether or not involving us (such as incidents involving our competitors), could cause negative publicity and reduced confidence in our Company, brand or products, or the industry as a whole, which could in turn harm our reputation and sales, and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Although we believe we have a rigorous quality control process, there can be no assurance that our products will always comply with the standards set for our products, and although we strive to keep our products free of pathogenic organisms, they may not be easily detected and cross-contamination can occur.

We have no control over our products once purchased by consumers. Accordingly, consumers may prepare our products in a manner that is inconsistent with our directions or store our products for long periods of time, which may adversely affect the quality and safety of our products. If consumers do not perceive our products to be safe or of high quality, then the value of our brand would be diminished, and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Any loss of confidence on the part of consumers in the ingredients used in our products or in the safety and quality of our products would be difficult and costly to overcome. Any such adverse effect could be exacerbated by our position in the market as a purveyor of high-quality plant-based protein products and may significantly reduce our brand value. Issues regarding the safety of any of our products, regardless of the cause, may have a substantial and adverse effect on our brand, reputation and operating results.

The growing use of social and digital media by us, our consumers and third parties increases the speed and extent that information or misinformation and opinions can be shared. Negative publicity about us, our brands or our products on social or digital media could seriously damage our brands and reputation. If we do not maintain the favorable perception of our brands, our sales and profits could be negatively impacted.

Risks relating to product recalls

Food producers are sometimes subject to the recall or return of their products for a variety of reasons, including product defects, such as contamination, unintended harmful side effects or interactions with other substances, packaging safety and inadequate or inaccurate labeling disclosure. We could be required to recall certain or a large portion of our products, including in the event of contamination or adverse test results or as a precautionary measure. There is also a risk that not all of the product subject to the recall will be properly identified, or that the recall will not be successful or not be enacted in a timely manner. A product recall could result in significant losses due to its costs, destruction of product inventory and lost sales due to the unavailability of the product or potential loss of current or new customers as a result of an adverse impact on our reputation. In addition, once purchased by consumers, we have no further control over our products

 

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and consumers may prepare our products in a manner that is inconsistent with our directions which may adversely affect the quality and safety of our products.

Risks associated with the protection of trademarks and other intellectual property rights

We rely on unpatented proprietary expertise, recipes and formulations and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. Our success depends, to a significant degree, upon our ability to protect and preserve our intellectual property. Our employees with access to such information are subject to contractual and common law confidentiality obligations which prohibit them from disclosing information acquired by them during, as a consequence of or in connection with their employment. We rely on these agreements to protect our intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, trade secrets are difficult to protect. Although we attempt to protect our trade secrets, our confidentiality protections may not effectively prevent disclosure of our proprietary information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of such information. If we do not keep our trade secrets confidential, others may produce products with our recipes or formulations. Further, we currently own no patents or exclusive intellectual property rights in processes used for our products. As a result, our current and future competitors may be able to create and sell products similar to ours.

We rely on trademark registrations and common law trademark and copyright rights to protect the distinctiveness of our brand and have either registered, or applied to register, our current key trademarks, including We Butcher Beans and our The Very Good Butchers logo, in Canada, the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and we may seek to expand our trademark registrations in the future. Current and future trademarks not yet registered may not be approved, or may be refused, and ultimately not registered. In addition, our trademark rights and related registrations may be challenged in the future and could be canceled or narrowed. Failure to protect our trademark rights could prevent us in the future from challenging third parties who use names and logos similar to our trademarks, which may in turn cause consumer confusion or negatively affect consumers’ perception of our brand and products.

Litigation may be necessary to protect and enforce our trademarks and other intellectual property rights, or to defend against claims brought by third parties. Such intellectual property disputes and proceedings may be protracted and costly with no certainty of success, and an adverse outcome could subject us to liabilities, force us to cease use of certain trademarks or other intellectual property or force us to enter into licenses with others. Any one of these occurrences may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks relating to distributor arrangements

The products sold in our wholesale program are sold through food distributors who sell and deliver our products to retailers. As we expand our wholesale program we will increasingly rely on our distributors. Since these distributors act as intermediaries between us and the retail grocers, we do not have short-term or long-term commitments or minimum purchase volumes in our agreements with them that ensure future sales of our products. The loss of one or more significant distributors, if we are unable to replace the distributor in a timely manner, could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks associated with marketing programs and brand value and reputation damage

We believe that our brand image has contributed significantly to the success of our business to date and that maintaining, promoting and positioning our brand image and increasing brand awareness is important to maintaining and expanding our customer base. Maintaining and enhancing our current brand image and awareness or any future brands we develop or acquire will require us to make investments in areas such as public relations and marketing. These investments, including digital marketing campaigns and organic social media through influencer engagement, may be substantial, and our efforts may not ultimately be successful. If our current marketing efforts are not successful, there may be no immediately available or cost effective alternative means to build or maintain brand awareness, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Our brand image and reputation may be impacted by actions taken by our employees, product attributes (including food safety and quality assurance issues that may result in recalls) and negative commentary or reviews. Real or perceived quality or food safety concerns or failures to comply with applicable food regulations and requirements, whether or not ultimately based on fact and whether or not involving us or incidents involving our competitors, could cause negative publicity and reduced confidence in us and our products, which could cause harm to our brand, reputation and sales, and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, as we increase our influencer relationships to promote our brand and products to targeted consumer groups, if one of our influencers promotes our brand in a negative way or does not adhere to applicable guidelines required by law, this may negatively impact our brand and reputation. Widespread use and access to social media campaigns and viral messaging or imagery could significantly broaden the scope and impact of any such events or circumstances. Consumers may act on information conveyed through social media without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. The harm to our brand may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction, and there can be no assurances that we will respond in an appropriate or timely manner. Brand value is based on perceptions of subjective qualities, and any incident that erodes the loyalty of consumers, including adverse publicity, governmental investigation or litigation, could significantly reduce the value of our brand and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks relating to disruption at our facilities

Our offices, production facilities, warehouses, restaurant and third-party operated fulfillment centres are vulnerable to disruption from natural disasters, extreme and/or unusual weather, global health crises and disease outbreaks (including COVID-19), and other unexpected events. These events could cause, and in the case of COVID-19, have caused, disruptions in our operations and those of our third-party partners, including our suppliers.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes could severely damage or destroy one or more of our facilities, thereby severely disrupting our business operations. We may also experience plant shutdowns or periods of reduced production because of regulatory issues, equipment failure, delays in raw material deliveries or COVID-19 outbreaks. Any such disruption or unanticipated event may cause significant interruptions or delays in our business and the reduction or loss of inventory may render us unable to fulfill customer orders in a timely manner, or at all which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks associated with U.S. and international expansion

Our future growth depends, in part, on our expansion efforts outside of Canada. We have limited operating experience outside of Canada including with respect to regulatory environments and market practices and cannot guarantee that we will be able to penetrate or successfully operate in any market outside of Canada. In connection with any future expansion efforts outside of Canada, and in particular outside of North America, we would expect to encounter additional obstacles, including increased costs and expenses associated with international shipping, including inventory management and distribution, cultural and linguistic differences and differences in regulatory environments and market practices including with respect to food safety, manufacturing, labeling, distribution, marketing, and advertising and privacy laws such as those relating to collection, storage and use of information on consumers ordering from our eCommerce store. Failure to develop new markets outside of Canada (through our eCommerce store or otherwise) may harm our business, growth and results of operations and could cause the market price of our Common Shares to decline.

Risks relating to product labeling and marketing

Our products are subject to regulations governing their labeling, marketing and advertising. If regulators determine that the labeling of any of our products is not in compliance with applicable law or regulations in Canada or other jurisdictions, we could be subject to civil remedies or penalties, such as fines, injunctions,

 

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recalls or seizures, warning letters, restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the products, or refusals to permit the import or export of products, as well as potential criminal sanctions.

We could also become subject to third-party claims, because of any violations of, or liabilities under, such requirements, including any competitor or consumer challenges relating to compliance with such requirements. For example, in connection with the marketing and advertisement of our products, we could be the target of claims relating to false or misleading advertising, including under the Canadian Safe Food for Canadians Act, Food and Drugs Act or Competition Act or similar statutes in other countries, or the consumer protection statutes in various jurisdictions. Such claims could include challenges to our label or labeling claims that, if successful, could require us to make labeling changes and/or pay monetary damages.

Health Canada and the CFIA or similar foreign regulatory authorities, such as the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture, or authorities in the UK, the EU or the EU member states, could take action to impact our ability to use the terms ‘‘meat’’ or ‘‘cheese’’ or similar words to describe or advertise our brand and products. In addition, a food may be deemed misbranded if its labeling is false or misleading in any particular way, and authorities or other regulators could interpret the use of such terms or any similar phrase(s) to describe our plant-based food products as false or misleading or likely to create an erroneous impression regarding their composition. Should regulatory authorities take action with respect to the use of the terms ‘‘meat’’, ‘‘cheese’’ or similar terms, such that we are unable to use those terms with respect to our plant-based products, we could be subject to enforcement action or recall of our products marketed with these terms, we may be required to modify our marketing strategy, and our business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected. Competitors may also try to bring legal action against us and any resulting litigation could be costly and disruptive to our ability to market in the affected jurisdictions.

Any change in labeling or packaging requirements for our products may lead to an increase in costs or interruptions in production, either of which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition. New or revised government laws and regulations could result in additional compliance costs and, in the event of non-compliance, civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, withdrawals, recalls or seizures and confiscations, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks relating to product innovation failure

Our growth in part depends on our ability to develop and market new products and improvements to our existing products that appeal to consumer preferences. The success of our innovation and product development efforts is affected by our ability to anticipate changes in consumer preferences, the technical capability of our R&D team in developing and testing product prototypes, including complying with applicable governmental regulations, the success of our management and sales and marketing team in introducing and marketing new products and positive acceptance by consumers. Failure to develop and successfully market and sell new products will inhibit our growth, sales and profitability.

Risks relating to customer retention and recruitment failure

Our success, and our ability to increase revenue and operate profitably, depends in part on our ability to acquire new customers and retain existing customers across our distribution channels. We may fail to acquire or retain customers due to a variety of factors including negative value and quality perceptions, a lack of new and relevant products or failure to deliver customers’ orders in a timely manner.

Risks associated with customer consolidation or loss of significant customers

As we increase distribution to retail grocery stores, we will be subject to the risk resulting from increasing consolidation being experienced in that sector, in particular by smaller independent retailers. As retail grocers continue to consolidate and customers grow larger and more sophisticated, we will be required to adjust to changes in their purchasing practices and requirements including resistance to product price increases. We could also be affected by other adverse developments in the relationship with one or more large customers

 

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including the loss thereof, the reduction of purchasing levels or the cancellation of any business from large customers for an extended period of time. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks associated with product pricing

Our success is dependent, in part, on our ability to make pricing decisions regarding our products that, on one hand encourage consumers to buy, yet on the other hand recoup development and other costs associated with those products. Products that are priced too high will not sell and products priced too low will not generate an adequate return. Accordingly, any failure by us to properly price our products could have a material adverse effect on the VERY GOOD’s financial condition and results of operations.

Risks relating to laws and regulatory requirements

We are subject to employment, health and safety, cyber and data security, privacy, environmental, tax, advertising, competition and other laws, and regulation by government agencies such as Health Canada and the CFIA who regulate various aspects of our products, including food safety standards, preventive controls plans, traceability and current good manufacturing practices. In particular, our production facilities and products are subject to inspection by the CFIA and provincial and municipal health authorities. We strive to maintain compliance with all laws and regulations. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that we are in compliance with all such laws and regulations, have all necessary permits and licenses, and will be able to comply with such laws and regulations, or obtain such permits and licenses in the future. Failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations and permits and licenses could subject us to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If we, or third parties involved in the supply chain of our products, cannot successfully manufacture, package, label, store, advertise or distribute products that conform to the specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the CFIA or other applicable regulators, we may be subject to adverse inspectional findings or enforcement actions, which could materially impact our ability to market our products, could result in our inability to manufacture our products, or could result in a recall of our products that have already been distributed.

The regulatory environment in which we operate could change significantly in the future.    Enforcement of existing laws and regulations, changes in legal requirements and/or evolving interpretations of existing regulatory requirements may result in increased compliance costs and create other obligations, financial or otherwise, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In particular, any change in laws and regulations, including laws and regulations applicable to the manufacture, composition, ingredients, packaging, labeling, distribution, advertising, sale, quality and safety requirements for our products may lead to an increase in costs or interruptions in production, either of which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

Risks relating to information technology systems and cybersecurity

We rely on our information technology systems to manage our business, including customer, employee, product, inventory, supply chain and financial data. We also use mobile devices, online message platforms and other online activities to communicate with employees and other stakeholders. The failure of our information technology systems to operate effectively could adversely affect our business. In addition, our information technology systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, social engineering attacks, ransomware attacks, security breaches, catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, pandemics, acts of war or terrorism, and usage errors by our employees. If our information technology systems are damaged or cease to function properly, we may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them.

We may also suffer loss of critical data, compromise to the integrity or confidentiality of data and information, including but not limited to employee, customer and supplier information in our systems or networks, disruption to the systems or networks of third parties on which we rely, and interruptions or delays in our

 

23


operations. We rely on third-party technology cloud providers and may be subject to risks of such service providers ceasing business operations, changing their business models, reducing functionality or experiencing cyber-attacks or system outages. Any significant loss of data or failure to maintain reliable data could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. A disruption to our eCommerce business could reduce our eCommerce revenue, increase our costs, diminish our growth prospects, expose us to litigation, decrease customer confidence and damage our brand,    and a material interruption to any of our computer systems could adversely affect our business or results of operations and our reputation.

We generally collect, process, store and use sensitive personal information relating to our customers and employees, including their personally identifiable information, and rely on third parties for the operation of our eCommerce site and for the various social media tools and websites we use, for marketing purposes and for employment purposes. Any perceived, attempted or actual unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information regarding our employees, customers or website visitors could harm our reputation and credibility, reduce our eCommerce revenue, reduce our ability to attract and retain customers, or subject us to litigation or the imposition of significant fines or penalties, which could adversely affect our business, growth, brand image and reputation. Moreover, we could incur significant expenses or disruptions of our operations in connection with system failures or data breaches.

Many jurisdictions have adopted privacy and data security laws or regulations that require notification to consumers or employees if the security of their personal information is breached, among other requirements. Any compromise of our security or accidental loss or theft of customer or employee data in our possession could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure and damage to our reputation, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and the price of our Common Shares.

Risks associated with litigation

As a growing company with expanding operations, we increasingly face the risk of litigation and other claims against us. Litigation and other claims may arise in the ordinary course of our business and include employee and customer claims, commercial disputes, landlord-tenant disputes, intellectual property issues, product recall and liability claims. These claims can raise complex factual and legal issues that are subject to risks and uncertainties and could require significant management time. Litigation and other claims against us could result in unexpected expenses and liabilities, which could materially adversely affect our operations, our reputation and the market price of our Common Shares.

Risks relating to climate change

Physical risks resulting from climate change can be event-driven (acute) or long-term (chronic) shifts in climate patterns that may have negative impacts on our business, including direct damage to assets such as our facilities and indirect impact to our supply chain. As climate change accelerates, its impacts are becoming more widespread and unpredictable. The incidence and impact of severe weather-related events, long term changes in weather patterns that lead to extreme weather and natural disasters including flooding and drought, may have a negative effect on agricultural productivity, which may result in decreased availability or less favourable pricing for some or many of the ingredients in our products such as such as legumes and vegetables. Furthermore, evolving regulatory and legal frameworks to tackle climate change today and in the future may lead to adverse impacts to our business. These may include, but are not limited to, costs related to compliance, resources, and transportation.

Insurance-related risks

We maintain insurance including liability insurance, property and business interruption insurance and directors’ and officers’ insurance, with deductibles, limits of liability and similar provisions. However, there is no guarantee that our insurance coverage will be sufficient, or that insurance proceeds will be paid to us on a timely basis. In addition, there are types of losses we may incur but against which we cannot be insured or which we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. If we incur these losses and they are material,

 

24


our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. Also, certain material events may result in sizable losses for the insurance industry and materially adversely impact the availability of adequate insurance coverage or result in significant premium increases. Accordingly, we may elect to self-insure, accept higher deductibles or reduce the amount of coverage in response to such market changes.

Risks relating to dilution

The issuance of additional Common Shares, or securities convertible into Common Shares, under any equity financing or pursuant to any equity-based compensation plans, may have a dilutive effect on the interests of shareholders. The number of Common Shares that we are authorized to issue is unlimited. We may, in our sole discretion, subject to applicable law and the rules of the TSX-V, issue additional Common Shares from time to time and the interests of shareholders may be diluted as a result.

Risks associated with leasing commercial and retail space

We lease all of our facilities and accordingly, are subject to all of the risks associated with leasing, occupying and making tenant improvements to real property, including adverse demographic and competitive changes affecting the location of the property and changes in availability of and contractual terms for leasable commercial and retail space. Changes in areas around our current and future butcher shops that result in reductions in customer foot traffic or otherwise render the location unsuitable or altogether unavailable due to unforeseen or extraordinary circumstances including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in lower sales volumes and adversely affect our business, results of operation, and financial condition. We also have significant financial obligations under the leases we have entered into and if we are not able to meet our lease obligations, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business.

Risks associated with consumer trends

Our business is focused on providing wholesome and nutritious plant-based products as alternatives to traditional animal-based products. Consumer demand could change based on a number of possible factors, including dietary habits and nutritional values, concerns regarding the health effects of ingredients and shifts in preference for various product attributes that we may not be able to accurately predict or respond to. If consumer demand for our products decreases, our business and financial condition would suffer. Consumer trends could change based on a number of possible factors, including economic factors and social trends. A significant shift in consumer demand away from our products could reduce sales, which would harm our business and financial condition.

Risks associated with general economic conditions

The global economy can be negatively impacted by a variety of factors such as the spread or fear of spread of contagious diseases (such as COVID-19), man-made or natural disasters, actual or threatened war, terrorist activities, political unrest, civil unrest, and other geopolitical uncertainty. Consumers may shift purchases to lower-priced or other perceived value offerings during economic downturns and may reduce the amount of plant-based food products that they purchase, and in particular more premium items such as our products. In addition, the occurrence of any of these events may disrupt commerce, our supply chain operations, international trade or result in political or economic instability. Prolonged unfavourable economic conditions or uncertainty may have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Risks relating to labour unions

Union attempts to organize our employees could negatively affect our business. None of our employees are currently subject to a collective bargaining agreement. As we expand our operations, unions may attempt to organize all or part of our employee base. Responding to such organization attempts may divert the attention and efforts of management and employees and may have a negative financial impact on our business. The maintenance of a productive and efficient labour environment and, in the event of unionization of these employees, and the successful negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement, cannot be assured.

 

25


Protracted and extensive work stoppages or labour disruptions such as strikes or lockouts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks relating to failure to meet corporate social responsibility metrics

We have set certain corporate social responsibility metrics for ourselves and our failure to meet such metrics may influence our reputation and the value of our brand. For example, we are applying to B Lab to become a Certified B Corporation. If we obtain status as a Certified B Corporation our reputation could be harmed if we subsequently lose such status, whether by our choice or by our failure to meet B Lab’s certification requirements, if that change in status were to create a perception that we are more focused on financial performance and are no longer as committed to the values shared by Certified B Corporations. Similarly, our reputation could be harmed if we take actions that are perceived to be misaligned with our values. Any harm to our reputation resulting from setting these metrics or our failure or perceived failure to meet such metrics could impact: employee engagement and retention; consumer loyalty, the willingness of our customers to do business with us; or investors’ willingness to purchase our Common Shares, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial performance, and growth.

In addition, shareholders and institutional investors increasingly focus on corporate ESG practices which they commonly measure through third-party benchmarks or scores. If our future ESG practices do not meet these standards we may lose investment from certain shareholders and our business and reputation could be negatively impacted and the price of our Common Shares could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks associated with counterparties

We are party to contracts, transactions and business relationships with various third parties, pursuant to which such third parties have performance, payment and other obligations to us. If any of these third parties were to become subject to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings, our rights and benefits in relation to our contracts, transactions and business relationships with such third parties could be terminated, modified in a manner adverse to us, or otherwise impaired. We cannot make any assurances that we would be able to arrange for alternate or replacement contracts, transactions or business relationships on terms as favourable as our existing contracts, transactions or business relationships, if at all. Any inability on our part to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Risks relating to changes in accounting standards

Generally accepted accounting principles and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines and interpretations with regard to a wide range of matters that are relevant to our business, including but not limited to revenue recognition, impairment of assets, leases, inventory, income taxes and litigation, are highly complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments. Changes in these rules or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates or judgments could significantly change our reported financial performance or financial condition in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Risks Relating to our Common Shares

Risks relating to volatility of the market price for our Common Shares

The market price of our Common Shares could be subject to significant fluctuations which could materially reduce the market price of our Common Shares regardless of our operating performance. In addition to the other risk factors described this Annual Information Form, the factors that could cause significant disruption in the market price of our Common Shares may include actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our operating results, adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we may incur or securities we may issue in the future, litigation or regulatory action, significant acquisitions, business combinations or other strategic actions or capital commitments by or involving us or our competitors, recruitment or departure of key personnel and investors’ general perception and reactions to our public disclosure and filings.

 

26


In addition, broad market and industry factors may harm the market price of our Common Shares. As a result, the market price of our Common Shares may fluctuate based upon factors external to us and that may have little or nothing to do with us, including expectations of market analysts, positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by analysts, publication of research reports or news stories about us, our competitors or our industry and changes in general political, economic, industry and market conditions and trends.

Risks relating to future sales of our Common Shares

We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our Common Shares or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our Common Shares will have on the market price of our Common Shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our Common Shares, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Common Shares.

Risks relating to dividends

We currently expect to retain all available funds for use in the operation and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our Board, subject to compliance with applicable law and any contractual provisions, pursuant to the Loan Agreement and other agreements for indebtedness we may incur, that restrict or limit our ability to pay dividends, and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, earnings, capital requirements and other factors that our Board deems relevant.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The following is a summary of the material attributes and characteristics of the Company’s authorized share capital. This summary is qualified by reference to, and is subject to, and the detailed provisions of our Articles available under the Company’s profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) at www.sedar.com.

Our authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares. As at the date of this Annual Information Form, there were 97,614,148 Common Shares issued and outstanding. Holders of our Common Shares are entitled to receive notice of, and to attend and vote at, all meetings of shareholders and to receive all notices and other documents required to be sent to shareholders. On a poll, every shareholder is entitled to one vote for each Common Share held. The holders of Common Shares are entitled to dividends if, as and when declared by the Board and, upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of its affairs or other distribution of its assets for the purpose of winding-up its affairs, to receive, on a pro rata basis, all of the remaining assets of the Company. The Common Shares do not carry any pre-emptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights, nor do they contain any sinking fund or purchase fund provisions.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and do not currently anticipate paying dividends on the Common Shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including, among others, our financial condition, current and anticipated cash requirements, contractual restrictions and financing agreement covenants, and other factors that our Board may deem relevant.

The Loan Agreement, or certain other agreements that the Company may enter into from time to time for indebtedness, prohibits us from paying dividends at any time at which a default or event of default has occurred and is continuing, or if a default or event of default would exist as a result of paying the dividend.

 

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MARKET FOR COMMON SHARES

Trading Price and Volume

The Common Shares are currently listed and posted for trading on the TSX-V under the symbol ‘‘VERY.V’’. Our Common Shares were initially listed on the CSE on June 16, 2020 until March 16, 2021 and thereafter on the TSX-V, where the Common Shares commenced trading on March 17, 2021. The following table sets forth the price ranges and traded volume of Common Shares in 2020 as reported by the CSE:

 

Period

   High
($)
     Low
($)
     Volume  

June 17 – June 30

     2.49        0.46        23,674,486  

July

     1.96        1.01        11,726,668  

August

     1.68        1.11        8,095,762  

September

     1.92        1.40        7,188,511  

October

     3.47        1.51        20,692,863  

November

     7.60        3.16        40,170,213  

December

     9.50        5.83        23,092,312  

Prior Sales

The following table summarizes details of the following securities that are not listed or quoted on a marketplace issued by VERY GOOD during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020:

 

Security

   Number of Securities      Exercise Price Per
Security($)
     Date of Issue

Options(1)

     3,100,000        0.25      January 1, 2020

Warrants(2)

     16,667        0.15      January 31, 2020

Warrants(2)

     16,667        0.15      February 28, 2020

Warrants(2)

     16,667        0.15      March 31, 2020

Warrants(2)

     16,667        0.15      April 30, 2020

Warrants(2)

     16,667        0.15      May 31, 2020

Warrants(3)

     500,000        0.25      June 17, 2020

Warrants(4)

     1,288,000        0.25      June 17, 2020

Options(1)

     400,000        0.25      June 17, 2020

Options(1)

     120,000        0.25      June 24, 2020

Warrants(5)

     40,000        2.00      August 7, 2020

Warrants(5)

     522,548        1.30      August 7, 2020

Warrants(6)

     3,277,500        2.00      August 7, 2020

Options(1)

     60,000        1.56      August 7, 2020

Warrants(6)

     88,462        2.00      August 13, 2020

Warrants(7)

     45,000        1.60      August 13, 2020

Options(1)

     30,000        1.65      September 4, 2020

Options(1)

     5,506        1.70      September 17, 2020

Options(1)

     250,000        1.68      September 21, 2020

Warrants(7)

     60,000        1.51      October 6, 2020

Options(1)

     100,000        1.60      October 7, 2020

 

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Security

   Number of Securities      Exercise Price Per
Security($)
     Date of Issue

Options(1)

     50,000        1.74      October 13, 2020

Options(1)

     522,300        4.65      November 24, 2020

Warrants(8)

     2,032,307        4.50      December 4, 2020

Warrants(9)

     296,308        3.50      December 4, 2020

Warrants(10)

     15,000        4.50      December 4, 2020

Options(1)

     150,000        8.86      December 5, 2020

Options(1)

     5,000        9.07      December 7, 2020

Warrants(7)

     60,000        7.60      December 21, 2020

Warrants(11)

     225,000        5.65      June 7, 2021

Notes:

 

(1)

Represents a grant of stock options (“Options”) pursuant to our stock option plan to employees, officers, directors and consultants.

 

(2)

Represents Warrants issued to Drew Bonnell, our former Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary and director, as compensation under his consulting agreement with us. Each unit consisted of one Common Share and one-half of one Warrant. Each Warrant is exercisable to purchase one additional Common Share at a price of $0.30 until the date that is 12 months from issuance.

 

(3)

Represents Warrants issued to Canaccord Genuity Corp. as compensation under an advisory services agreement. Each Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Common Share at a price of $0.25 until December 17, 2021.

 

(4)

Represents 1,288,000 Warrants issued to Canaccord Genuity Corp. as compensation for services as agent for our IPO, with each Warrant being exercisable for one Common Share at a price of $0.25 until June 17, 2021.

 

(5)

Represents Warrants issued to Canaccord Genuity Corp. as compensation for services as underwriter for the August Bought Deal. Each Warrant is exercisable at a price of $1.30 for one unit of the Company, each such unit comprised of one Common Share and one-half of one Warrant until February 7, 2022. The Warrants to be received upon exercise of these units are exercisable for one Common Share until February 7, 2022 at a price of $2.00.

 

(6)

Represents the Warrants forming part of the units issued pursuant to a Warrant indenture dated August 7, 2020 with Computershare Trust Company Inc., as warrant agent, as well as the Warrants issued to purchasers in the small private placement completed on August 13, 2020. Each Warrant is exercisable for one Common Share at an exercise price of $2.00 until February 7, 2022 in the case of Warrants issued pursuant to the August Bought Deal, and February 13, 2022 in the case of Warrants issued in the private placement.

 

(7)

Represents Warrants issued to Brian Greenleaf, our former Chief Operating Officer, as compensation for his services to VERY GOOD. The Warrants expire 12 months from their issuance.

 

(8)

Represents the Warrants forming part of the units issued to purchasers in the December Bought Deal pursuant to a Warrant indenture dated December 4, 2020 with Computershare Trust Company Inc., as warrant agent as well as the Warrants issued to the purchaser in the private placement also completed on December 4, 2020. Each Warrant is exercisable for one Common Share at an exercise price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

 

(9)

Represents Warrants issued to Canaccord Genuity Corp. as compensation for services as underwriter for the December Bought Deal. Each Warrant is exercisable at a price of $3.50 for one unit of the Company, each such unit comprised of one Common Share and one-half of one Warrant until June 4, 2022. The Warrants to be received upon exercise of these units are exercisable for one Common Share at a price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

 

(10)

Represents 15,000 Warrants issued to Canaccord Genuity Corp. as compensation for services as underwriter for the December Bought Deal, with each Warrant being exercisable for one Common Share at a price of $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

 

(11)

Represents Warrants issued to the lender under the Loan Agreement. Each Warrant is exercisable for one Common Share at a price of $5.62 until June 7, 2026.

 

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ESCROWED SECURITIES AND SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER

Escrow

The following table sets out the securities that are currently held in escrow pursuant to an escrow agreement dated May 11, 2020 (the ‘‘Escrow Agreement’’), among our co-founders Mitchell Scott and James Davison, Tania Friesen (James Davison’s spouse), our former Chief Financial Officer Drew Bonnell (collectively, the ‘‘Escrowed Parties’’) and Computershare Trust Company, as escrow agent:

 

Designation of Class

   Number of Escrowed Securities(1)      Percentage of Class(2)  

Common Shares

     21,060,425        21.6

Notes:

 

(1)

On May 11, 2020, 27,850,006 Common Shares and 158,337 Warrants (the “Escrow Warrants”) were deposited into escrow by the Escrowed Parties pursuant to the Escrow Agreement. On June 16, 2020, 2,788,334 Common Shares were released from escrow. On December 16, 2020 a further, 4,192,085 Common Shares were released from escrow. On June 16, 2021, a further 4,212,085 Common Shares will be released from escrow. On December 16, 2021, 4,212,085 Common Shares will be released from escrow. On June 16, 2022, a further 4,212,085 Common Shares will be released from escrow. On December 17, 2022, 4,212,085 Common Shares will be released from escrow. On June 16, 2023, a further 4,212,085 Common Shares will be released from escrow. As at the date of this Annual Information Form, all of the Escrow Warrants have been exercised and the Common Shares resulting from such exercise have been deposited into escrow in accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement.

(2)

Based on 97,614,148 Common Shares issued and outstanding.

Shares Subject to Contractual Restriction on Transfer

An aggregate of 139,676 Common Shares issued as partial compensation for the acquisition of the Cultured Nut are subject to a lock-up agreement pursuant to which the vendors of the Cultured Nut have agreed that they will not, directly or indirectly sell or agree to sell or announce any intention to sell any of these Common Shares until February 24, 2022 without our prior written consent.

Similarly, an aggregate of 62,329 Common Shares issued as partial compensation for the acquisition of Lloyd-James are also subject to a lock-up agreement and will be released from lock-up in increments of 62,329 Common Shares on each of June 11, 2021, September 11, 2021, December 11, 2021 and March 11, 2022.

 

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DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

The names and jurisdiction of residence of the directors and executive officers of the Company, their respective positions and offices held with the Company and their principal occupation for the last five or more years are shown below as at the date hereof. Directors are elected to serve until the next annual meeting or until their successors are elected or appointed, unless their office is earlier vacated.

 

Name, Province or State

and Country of Residence

  

Current

Position/Office with
the Company

  

Held
Since

  

Principal Occupation During the Previous

Five Years

Mitchell Scott

British Columbia, Canada

   Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman   

2016

  

Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of VERY GOOD since December 2016 and prior thereto, Global Director Sales & Promotion, Degica

James Davison

British Columbia, Canada

   Co-Founder, Chief Research & Development Officer and Director   

2016

  

Co-Founder, Chief Research & Development Officer of VERY GOOD since December 2016 and prior thereto, Chef in the UK and Canada

Ana Silva

British Columbia, Canada

   President and Director   

2021

  

President of VERY GOOD since January 2021. Prior thereto, Chief Financial Officer of Daiya Foods Inc. (November 2015 to December 2020)

Kamini Hitkari

British Columbia, Canada

  

Chief Financial Officer

Corporate Secretary

  

2020

  

Chief Financial Officer of VERY GOOD since September 2020, prior thereto Chief Financial Officer of Experion Holdings Ltd. (March 2019 to September 2020), prior thereto Vice-President Strategic Finance at Aurora Cannabis (April 2018 to November 2018), and prior thereto Director of Finance Retail Banking & Wealth Management at HSBC Bank Canada (October 2012 to March 2018)

William (Bill) P. Tolany(1)(3)

Texas, United States

   Director   

2020

  

Independent Consultant and prior thereto Regional Manager at Amazon (May 2015 to November 2017)

Dela Salem(1)(2)(3)

British Columbia, Canada

   Director   

2019

  

Corporate Controller at J. Proust & Associates Inc. since February 2011

Sarah Hardy(1)(2)(3)

British Columbia, Canada

   Director   

2019

  

Founder and Principal at Elevate Management Consulting Inc. since January 2018 and prior thereto Vice-President of Medical Sales at Invictus MD (August 2018 to May 2019) and Director of Business Development at Stryder Motorfreight Inc. (April 2017 to July 2018)

Notes:

 

(1)

Member of our audit committee.

(2)

Member of our compensation committee.

(3)

Independent director for the purposes of National Instrument 58-101Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices of the Canadian Securities Administrators.

 

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Ownership Interest

As of the date of this Annual Information Form, our directors and executive officers, as a group, beneficially own, or control or direct, directly or indirectly 26,840,208 Common Shares, representing 27.5% of our issued and outstanding Common Shares.

Cease Trade Orders

To the knowledge of the Company, no director or executive officer of the Company (nor any personal holding company of any of such individuals) is, as of the date of this Annual Information Form, or was within ten years before the date of this Annual Information Form, a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer of any company (including the Company), that: (i) was subject to a cease trade order (including a management cease trade order), an order similar to a cease trade order or an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation, in each case that was in effect for a period of more than 30 consecutive days (collectively, an “Order’’), that was issued while the individual was acting in the capacity as a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer; or (ii) was subject to an Order that was issued after the individual ceased to be a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that individual was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer.

Bankruptcies

To the knowledge of the Company, no director, executive officer or control person of the Company (nor any personal holding company of any of such individuals): (i) is, as of the date of this Annual Information Form, or has been within the ten years before the date of this Annual Information Form, a director or executive officer of any company (including the Company) that, while that individual was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that individual ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or (ii) has, within the ten years before the date of this Annual Information Form, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets.

Penalties or Sanctions

To the knowledge of the Company, no director, executive officer or control person of the Company (nor any personal holding company of any of such individuals) has been subject to: (i) any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or (ii) any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable holder of Common Shares in deciding whether to vote for the proposed director.

Conflicts of Interest

To the knowledge of the Company, there are no known material existing or potential conflicts of interest among the Company’s directors, officers or other members of management as a result of their outside business interests except that certain of the Company’s directors and officers serve as directors and officers of other companies, and therefore it is possible that a conflict may arise between their duties to the Company and their duties as a director or officer of such other companies. See “Directors and Officers’’ and “Interest of Management and Others in Material Transactions”.

 

32


AUDIT COMMITTEE

The primary function of the audit committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee’’) is to assist the Board in fulfilling its financial oversight responsibilities by monitoring: (i) the quality and integrity of our financial statements and other financial information; (ii) the compliance of such statements and information with legal and regulatory requirements; (iii) the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent external auditors; and (iv) the performance of our internal accounting procedures. In meeting these responsibilities, the Audit Committee monitors the financial reporting process and internal control system; reviews and appraises the work of external auditors and provides an avenue of communication between the external auditors, senior management and the Board. The Audit Committee is also mandated to review and approve all material related party transactions.

Audit Committee Charter

Our Board has adopted a written charter, attached at Appendix A, setting forth the purpose, composition, authority and responsibility of our Audit Committee (the “Audit Committee Charter’’), consistent with National Instrument 52-110Audit Committees (“NI 52-110’’).

Composition of the Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee consists of three directors, all of whom are independent directors and financially literate within the meaning of NI 52-110. Our Audit Committee is comprised of Dela Salem (Chair), William (Bill) Tolany, and Sarah Hardy.

Relevant Education and Experience of Audit Committee Members

Each of our Audit Committee members has an understanding of the accounting principles used to prepare financial statements and varied experience as to the general application of such accounting principles, as well as an understanding of the internal controls and procedures necessary for financial reporting.

Dela Salem – Dela is a professional accountant with over ten years of accounting experience with private and public companies focusing on financial reporting, regulatory compliance, internal control and corporate finance activities. Dela’s experience includes financial reporting for Canadian and US listed companies with multiple international subsidiaries. Dela holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Simon Fraser University and is a Chartered Professional Accountant, CPA.

Sarah Hardy – Sarah holds an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business at the University of Western Ontario and a Bachelor of Commerce from the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia.

William (Bill) P. Tolany – Bill has held senior roles in the marketing and ecommerce divisions of Whole Foods Market and Amazon. Bills hold an MBA from the University of Texas at Austin and a Bachelor of Science from the University of Notre Dame.

External Auditor Service Fee

For the period from incorporation to December 31, 2019 and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred the following fees by our former external auditors, DMCL LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants (“DMCL’’) and our current external auditors, KPMG LLP (“KPMG’’):

 

33


Fiscal year ended

   Audit fees(1)
($)
     Audit related
fees
(2)
($)
     Tax fees(3)
($)
     All other fees(4)
($)
 

December 31, 2020

     127,700        6,000        16,050        Nil  

From incorporation to December 31, 2019

     40,488        50,000        Nil        368  

Notes:

 

(1)

Audit Fees” include fees necessary to perform the annual audit and quarterly reviews of VERY GOOD’s consolidated financial statements and fees for review of tax provisions and for accounting consultations on matters reflected in the financial statements.

(2)

Audit-Related Fees” include services that are traditionally performed by the auditor. These audit-related services include employee benefit audits, due diligence assistance, accounting consultations on proposed transactions, internal control reviews and audit or attest services not required by legislation or regulation. Audit Fees also include audit or other attest services required by legislation or regulation, such as comfort letters, consents and reviews of securities filings.

(3)

Tax Fees” This category includes fees for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice. Tax planning and tax advice includes assistance with tax audits and appeals, tax advice related to mergers and acquisitions, and requests for rulings or technical advice from tax authorities.

(4)

All Other Fees” include all other non-audit services.

KPMG replaced DMCL as auditors of VERY GOOD on December 16, 2020.

Audit Committee Oversight

The Audit Committee has not made any recommendations to the Board to nominate or compensate any auditor other than DMCL and KPMG.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Other than as set forth in the Audit Committee Charter, the Audit Committee has not adopted any specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services.

Exemption

As a venture issuer, VERY GOOD is relying upon on the exemption in section 6.1 of NI 52-110 from the requirements of Parts 3 (Composition of the Audit Committee) and 5 (Reporting Obligations).

PROMOTERS

Mitchell Scott and James Davison founded our Company and, accordingly, may be considered to be a ‘‘Promoter’’ of VERY GOOD within the meaning of applicable securities legislation in British Columbia. As of the date of this Annual Information Form, Mitchell Scott beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 13,924,533 Common Shares (representing approximately 14.27% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Annual Information Form), 900,000 Options at an exercise price of $0.25 per Common Share until December 31, 2024 (450,000 Options) and January 1, 2025 (450,000 Options) and 525,000 Options at an exercise price of $7.03 per Common Share until January 29, 2026. James Davison beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 12,640,000 Common Shares (representing approximately 12.95% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Annual Information Form, 900,000 Options at an exercise price of $0.25 per Common Share until December 31, 2024 (450,000 Options) and January 1, 2025 (450,000 Options) and 525,000 Options at an exercise price of $7.03 per Common Share until January 29, 2026.

 

34


LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

In the ordinary course of business, we may become involved in legal, administrative, regulatory and other proceedings, actions, claims and inquiries relating to our business. Management is not aware of any litigation outstanding, threatened or pending as of the date of this Annual Information Form by or against VERY GOOD or its subsidiaries which would be material to an investor of Common Shares. See further discussion under “Risk Factors’’.

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

Other than as set out in this Annual Information Form, there are no material interests, direct or indirect, of any of our directors or executive officers, any Shareholder that beneficially owns, or controls or directs (directly or indirectly), more than 10% of any class or series of our Common Shares, or any associate or affiliate of any of the foregoing persons, in any transaction within the three most recently completed financial years or during the current financial year that has materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect us or any of our subsidiaries.

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its principal office in Vancouver, British Columbia.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

Other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, the following are the material contracts entered into by VERY GOOD during our most recently completed financial year, prior to the date of this Annual Information Form, or prior to the beginning of our most recently completed financial year and that are still in effect.

 

(a)

Escrow Agreement;

 

(b)

Sub-Lease Agreement dated January 1, 2019 with Irene’s Bakery Ltd., is respect of the Victoria Facility;

 

(c)

Lease Agreement with Hudson Retail Inc., for the Victoria Butcher Shop;

 

(d)

Industrial Lease with MPW Properties Partnership in respect of the Rupert Facility;

 

(e)

Lease dated January 22, 2020 with Nicola V.A. Nickel Inc. in respect of Mount Pleasant;

 

(f)

Lease agreement dated August 31, 2020 with Traina Pacific, Inc., in respect of the Patterson Facility;

 

(g)

Warrant indenture dated August 7, 2020 with Computershare Trust Company Inc.;

 

(h)

Warrant indenture dated December 4, 2020 with Computershare Trust Company Inc.; and

 

(i)

Loan Agreement.

Copies of these agreements have been filed with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and are available on SEDAR, at www.sedar.com, under our profile. Investors are encouraged to read the full text of such material agreements.

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

The Company’s auditor is KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, located at Vancouver, British Columbia. KPMG LLP have prepared an independent auditor’s report dated April 26, 2021 in respect of the consolidated financial statements of the Company as at December 31, 2020 and for the year then ended. KPMG LLP has advised that they are independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Code of Professional Conduct of the Chartered Professional Accountants of British Columbia.

 

35


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information, including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of our Company’s securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, is contained in VERY GOOD’s management information circular for the 2021 annual meeting of shareholders. Additional financial information is provided in the Company’s audited annual consolidated financial statements and related management’s discussion and analysis for our most recently completed fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Such documentation, as well as additional information relating to the Company, may be found under the Company’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

 

36


APPENDIX A – AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER

 

I.

MANDATE

The Audit Committee (the ‘‘Committee’’) of the Board of Directors (the ‘‘Board’’) of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the ‘‘Company’’) shall assist the Board in fulfilling its financial oversight responsibilities. The Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities under this mandate are to serve as an independent and objective party to monitor:

 

1.

The quality and integrity of the Company’s financial statements and other financial information;

 

2.

The compliance of such statements and information with legal and regulatory requirements;

 

3.

The qualifications and independence of the Company’s independent external auditor (the ‘‘Auditor’’); and

 

4.

The performance of the Company’s internal accounting procedures and Auditor.

 

II.

STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS

 

A.

Composition

The Committee shall be comprised of three members, a majority of which shall be independent.

 

B.

Qualifications

Each member of the Committee must be a member of the Board.

A majority of the members of the Committee shall not be officers or employees of the Company or of an affiliate of the Company.

Each member of the Committee must be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including the Company’s balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.

 

C.

Appointment and Removal

The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve until such member’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such member’s earlier resignation or removal. Any member of the Committee may be removed, with or without cause, by a majority vote of the Board.

 

D.

Chair

Unless the Board shall select a Chair, the members of the Committee shall designate a Chair by the majority vote of all of the members of the Committee. The Chair shall call, set the agendas for and chair all meetings of the Committee.

 

E.

Sub-Committees

The Committee may form and delegate authority to subcommittees consisting of one or more members when appropriate, including the authority to grant pre-approvals of audit and permitted non-audit services, provided that a decision of such subcommittee to grant a pre-approval shall be presented to the full Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

 

37


F.

Meetings

The Committee shall meet at least once in each fiscal year, or more frequently as circumstances dictate. The Auditor shall be given reasonable notice of, and be entitled to attend and speak at, each meeting of the Committee concerning the Company’s annual financial statements and, if the Committee feels it is necessary or appropriate, at every other meeting. On request by the Auditor, the Chair shall call a meeting of the Committee to consider any matter that the Auditor believes should be brought to the attention of the Committee, the Board or the shareholders of the Company.

At each meeting, a quorum shall consist of a majority of members that are not officers or employees of the Company or of an affiliate of the Company.

As part of its goal to foster open communication, the Committee may periodically meet separately with each of management and the Auditor to discuss any matters that the Committee believes would be appropriate to discuss privately. In addition, the Committee should meet with the Auditor and management annually to review the Company’s financial statements in a manner consistent with Section III of this Charter.

The Committee may invite to its meetings any director, any manager of the Company, and any other person whom it deems appropriate to consult in order to carry out its responsibilities. The Committee may also exclude from its meetings any person it deems appropriate to exclude in order to carry out its responsibilities.

 

III.

DUTIES

 

A.

Introduction

The following functions shall be the common recurring duties of the Committee in carrying out its purposes outlined in Section I of this Charter. These duties should serve as a guide with the understanding that the Committee may fulfill additional duties and adopt additional policies and procedures as may be appropriate in light of changing business, legislative, regulatory or other conditions. The Committee shall also carry out any other responsibilities and duties delegated to it by the Board from time to time related to the purposes of the Committee outlined in Section I of this Charter.

The Committee, in discharging its oversight role, is empowered to study or investigate any matter of interest or concern which the Committee in its sole discretion deems appropriate for study or investigation by the Committee.

The Committee shall be given full access to the Company’s internal accounting staff, managers, other staff and Auditor as necessary to carry out these duties. While acting within the scope of its stated purpose, the Committee shall have all the authority of, but shall remain subject to, the Board.

 

B.

Powers and Responsibilities

The Committee will have the following responsibilities and, in order to perform and discharge these responsibilities, will be vested with the powers and authorities set forth below, namely, the Committee shall:

Independence of Auditor

 

1)

Review and discuss with the Auditor any disclosed relationships or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Auditor and, if necessary, obtain a formal written statement from the Auditor setting forth all relationships between the Auditor and the Company, consistent with Independence Standards Board Standard 1.

 

38


2)

Take, or recommend that the Board take, appropriate action to oversee the independence of the Auditor.

 

3)

Require the Auditor to report directly to the Committee.

 

4)

Review and approve the Company’s hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the Auditor and former independent external auditor of the Company.

Performance & Completion by Auditor of its Work

 

5)

Be directly responsible for the oversight of the work by the Auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the Auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work.

 

6)

Review annually the performance of the Auditor and recommend the appointment by the Board of a new, or re-election by the Company’s shareholders of the existing, Auditor.

 

7)

Pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Company by the Auditor unless such non-audit services:

 

  (a)

which are not pre-approved, are reasonably expected not to constitute, in the aggregate, more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid by the Company to the Auditor during the fiscal year in which the non-audit services are provided;

 

  (b)

were not recognized by the Company at the time of the engagement to be non-audit services; and

 

  (c)

are promptly brought to the attention of the Committee by management and approved prior to the completion of the audit by the Committee or by one or more members of the Committee who are members of the Board to whom authority to grant such approvals has been delegated by the Committee.

Internal Financial Controls & Operations of the Company

 

8)

Establish procedures for:

 

  (a)

the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and

 

  (b)

the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.

Preparation of Financial Statements

 

9)

Discuss with management and the Auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements, including any significant changes in the Company’s selection or application of accounting principles, any major issues as to the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and any special steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies.

 

10)

Discuss with management and the Auditor any correspondence with regulators or governmental agencies and any employee complaints or published reports which raise material issues regarding the Company’s financial statements or accounting policies.

 

11)

Discuss with management and the Auditor the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives as well as off-balance sheet structures on the Company’s financial statements.

 

39


12)

Discuss with management the Company’s major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies.

 

13)

Discuss with the Auditor the matters required to be discussed relating to the conduct of any audit, in particular:

 

  (i)

The adoption of, or changes to, the Company’s significant auditing and accounting principles and practices as suggested by the Auditor or management.

 

  (ii)

Any difficulties encountered in the course of the audit work, including any restrictions on the scope of activities or access to requested information, and any significant disagreements with management.

Public Disclosure by the Company

 

14)

Review the Company’s annual and quarterly financial statements, management discussion and analysis (MD&A), annual information form, and management information circular before the Board approves and the Company publicly discloses this information.

 

15)

Review the Company’s financial reporting procedures and internal controls to be satisfied that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Company’s public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from its financial statements, other than disclosure described in the previous paragraph, and periodically assessing the adequacy of those procedures.

 

16)

Review any disclosures made to the Committee by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer during their certification process of the Company’s financial statements about any significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls or material weaknesses therein and any fraud involving management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls.

Manner of Carrying Out its Mandate

 

17)

Consult, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, with the Auditor but without the presence of management, about the quality of the Company’s accounting principles, internal controls and the completeness and accuracy of the Company’s financial statements.

 

18)

Request any officer or employee of the Company or the Company’s outside counsel or Auditor to attend a meeting of the Committee or to meet with any members of, or consultants to, the Committee.

 

19)

Meet, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, with management and the Auditor in separate executive sessions at least quarterly.

 

20)

Have the authority, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, to retain independent legal, accounting or other consultants to advise the Committee advisors.

 

21)

Make regular reports to the Board.

 

22)

Review and reassess the adequacy of this Charter annually and recommend any proposed changes to the Board for approval.

 

23)

Annually review the Committee’s own performance.

 

24)

Provide an open avenue of communication among the Auditor the Board.

 

40


25)

Not delegate these responsibilities other than to one or more independent members of the Committee the authority to pre-approve, which the Committee must ratify at its next meeting, non-audit services to be provided by the Auditor.

 

C.

Limitation of Audit Committee’s Role

While the Committee has the responsibilities and powers set forth in this Charter, it is not the duty of the Committee to plan or conduct audits or to determine that the Company’s financial statements and disclosures are complete and accurate and are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable rules and regulations. These are the responsibilities of management and the Auditor.

 

41

Exhibit 4.5

 

LOGO

The Very Good Food Company | CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020 (Unaudited—Expressed in Canadian dollars)


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

(Expressed in Canadian dollars, unaudited)

 

As at

   Notes      June 30, 2021     December 31, 2020  

Assets

       

Current assets

       

Cash and cash equivalents

      $ 5,926,067     $ 25,084,083  

Accounts receivable

     4        1,408,396       449,583  

Inventory

     5        3,338,690       1,195,535  

Prepaids and deposits

     6        5,766,262       1,887,035  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

        16,439,415       28,616,236  

Right-of-use assets

     7        17,420,754       5,046,597  

Property and equipment

     8        5,787,866       740,728  

Prepaids and deposits

     6        942,190       779,036  

Goodwill

     9        3,479,535       —    

Deferred financing costs

     12        5,073,283       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

      $ 49,143,043     $ 35,182,597  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

Current liabilities

       

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     10      $ 6,834,050     $ 1,871,728  

Deferred revenue

        45,346       102,239  

Current portion of lease liabilities

     11        793,433       146,935  

Current portion of loans payable and other liabilities

     12        1,564,546       —    

Contingent consideration

     9        1,048,000       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

        10,285,375       2,120,902  

Lease liabilities

     11        17,285,051       5,389,352  

Loans payable and other liabilities

     12        2,412,227       30,000  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

        29,982,653       7,540,254  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Share capital

     14        44,848,614       39,335,150  

Equity reserves

        18,520,188       5,009,980  

Subscriptions received and receivable

        22,999       8,250  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

        15,595       6,660  

Deficit

        (44,247,006     (16,717,697
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

        19,160,390       27,642,343  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

      $ 49,143,043     $ 35,182,597  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nature and continuance of operations (Note 1)

Commitments (Notes 11 and 23)

Events after the reporting period (Note 26)

Approved and authorized for issue by Board of Directors on August 18, 2021

 

“Mitchell Scott”

 

“Dela Salem”

 
Director   Director  

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements

 

2


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss

(Expressed in Canadian dollars, unaudited)

 

            Three months ended     Six months ended  
     Notes      June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020     June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020  
                  (Restated –
Note 25)
          (Restated –
Note 25)
 

Revenue

      $ 2,780,681     $ 1,087,790     $ 5,423,764     $ 1,426,342  

Procurement expense

     7,8,21        (2,102,822     (690,795     (4,155,068     (1,147,847

Fulfilment expense

     7,8,21        (2,045,714     (415,134     (4,028,609     (491,593

General and administrative expense

     7,8,21        (6,834,880     (723,599     (16,409,437     (1,335,815

Marketing and investor relations expense

     21        (2,579,656     (740,231     (4,726,001     (903,805

Research and development expense

     8,21        (515,965     (65,074     (881,985     (162,824

Pre-production expense

     7,8,21        (656,288     —         (1,541,823     —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

        (11,954,644     (1,547,043     (26,319,159     (2,615,542

Finance expense

     17        (405,947     (854,346     (762,977     (912,333

Other expense

     18        (140,142     (17,266     (447,173     (20,766
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

        (12,500,733     (2,418,655     (27,529,309     (3,548,641

Other comprehensive income

           

Foreign currency translation gain

        4,461       —         8,935       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

      $ (12,496,272   $ (2,418,655   $ (27,520,374   $ (3,548,641
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss per share – basic and diluted

      $ (0.13   $ (0.05   $ (0.28   $ (0.07
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic and diluted

        97,603,729       49,259,877       97,381,583       47,404,458  
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements

 

3


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Deficiency)

(Expressed in Canadian dollars except share amounts, unaudited)

 

     Number of
common shares
     Share capital     Equity reserves     Share
subscriptions
received
(receivable)
    Accumulated other
comprehensive
income
     Deficit     Total
shareholders’
equity (deficiency)
 

Balance at January 1, 2020

     45,515,339      $ 2,245,422     $ 272,894     $ —       $ —        $ (2,858,897   $ (340,581

Issuance of units for cash

     16,100,000        4,025,000       —         —         —          —         4,025,000  

Issuance of common shares for finders’ fees

     322,000        80,500       —         —         —          —         80,500  

Share issuance costs

     —          (646,108     176,242       —         —          —         (469,866

Issuance of common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options

     262,500        100,470       (34,845     —         —          —         65,625  

Issuance of common shares and units pursuant to the exercise of warrants

     2,588,536        773,101       —         —         —          —         773,101  

Issuance of common shares pursuant to the conversion of convertible debentures

     7,494,716        1,873,222       —         —         —          —         1,873,222  

Issuance of warrants for services

     —          —         80,324       —         —          —         80,324  

Issuance of units for services

     166,670        21,240       3,760       —         —          —         25,000  

Share-based compensation

     —          —         450,011       —         —          —         450,011  

Net loss for the period

     —          —         —         —         —          (3,548,641     (3,548,641
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2020 (Restated – Note 25)

     72,449,761      $ 8,472,847     $ 948,386     $ —       $ —        $ (6,407,538   $ 3,013,695  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at January 1, 2021

     96,640,432      $ 39,335,150     $ 5,009,980     $ 8,250     $ 6,660      $ (16,717,697   $ 27,642,343  

Issuance of common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options

     99,167        209,118       (159,493     6,250       —          —         55,875  

Issuance of common shares and units pursuant to the exercise of warrants

     639,350        3,920,438       (1,692,856     (20,500     —          —         2,207,082  

Issuance of common shares for services

     42,694        227,471       —         —         —          —         227,471  

Issuance of common shares for acquisitions

     202,005        1,156,437       —         —         —          —         1,156,437  

Issuance of warrants for loan

     —          —         752,559       —         —          —         752,559  

Share-based compensation

     —          —         14,609,998       —         —          —         14,609,998  

Subscription received

     —          —         —         28,999       —          —         28,999  

Foreign currency translation gain

     —          —         —         —         8,935        —         8,935  

Net loss for the period

     —          —         —         —         —          (27,529,309     (27,529,309
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2021

     97,623,648      $ 44,848,614     $ 18,520,188     $ 22,999     $ 15,595      $ (44,247,006   $ 19,160,390  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements

 

4


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Expressed in Canadian dollars, unaudited)

 

Six months ended

   June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020
(Restated –
Note 25)
 

Net loss for the period

   $ (27,529,309   $ (3,548,641

Adjustments for non-cash items:

    

Finance expense

     764,182       147,333  

Depreciation

     841,652       154,717  

Gain on termination of lease

     (1,600     —    

Loss on disposal of equipment

     22,561       —    

Loss on settlement of debt

     —         765,000  

Share-based compensation

     14,609,998       450,011  

Shares and units issued for services

     227,471       25,000  

Warrants issued for services

     —         80,324  

Changes in non-cash working capital items:

    

Accounts receivable

     (924,659     (121,981

Inventory

     (2,055,329     (7,656

Prepaids and deposits

     (1,144,701     (8,858

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     1,194,146       627,076  

Deferred revenue

     (56,893     188,849  

Due from related parties

     —         24,280  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities

     (14,052,481     (1,224,546
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash paid for acquisitions

     (1,250,000     —    

Cash acquired from acquisitions

     9,306       —    

Purchase of property and equipment

     (3,599,115     (112,507

Security deposits paid for property and equipment

     (3,412,197     —    

Acquisition of right-of-use assets

     (29,408     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities

     (8,281,414     (112,507
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proceeds from the issuance of units for cash

     —         3,635,634  

Proceeds from the exercise of warrants

     2,207,082       773,101  

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options

     55,875       65,625  

Proceeds from subscriptions received

     28,999       —    

Proceeds from loans payable

     1,891,092       499,129  

Repayments of loans payable

     (240,000     (236,128

Deferred financing costs paid

     (238,164     —    

Proceeds from loan payable to related parties

     —         400,000  

Repayment of loan payable and accrued interest to related parties

     —         (411,728

Payments of lease liabilities

     (532,097     (82,629

Payment of non-current lease deposits

     —         (202,735
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing activities

     3,172,787       4,440,269  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     3,092       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (19,158,016     3,103,216  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     25,084,083       405,610  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 5,926,067     $ 3,508,826  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash

   $ 4,861,067     $ 3,508,826  

Redeemable guaranteed investment certificate (“GIC”)

     1,000,000       —    

Restricted redeemable GIC

     65,000       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash and cash equivalents

   $ 5,926,067     $ 3,508,826  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental cash flow disclosures (Note 19)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements

 

5


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

1.

Nature and continuance of operations

The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on December 27, 2016, under the laws of the province of British Columbia, Canada. The Company is an emerging plant-based food technology company that designs, develops, produces, distributes, and sells a variety of plant-based meats and other food alternatives. To date, the Company has developed a core product line under The Very Good Butchers brand. The Company changed its name from The Very Good Butchers Inc. to The Very Good Food Company Inc. on October 1, 2019.

Effective June 18, 2020, the Company’s common shares commenced trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “CSE”) under the symbol “VERY”. Effective July 27, 2020, the Company’s shares commenced trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (the “FSE”) under the symbol “0SI”. Effective October 14, 2020, the Company’s shares commenced trading on the OTC QB Market (the “OTCQB”) under the symbol “VRYYF”. Effective March 17, 2021, the Company’s shares commenced trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSXV”). The Company ceased trading on the CSE on March 16, 2021.

The Company’s registered and records office are located at 800 – 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6C 3H1.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future.

For the six-month period ended June 30, 2021, the Company generated a net loss of $27,529,309 (2020 – $3,548,641) and negative cash flows from operations of $14,052,481 (2020 – $1,224,546). The Company expects to incur further losses in the development of its business and has significant capital projects planned. The continued operations of the Company are dependent on management’s ability to manage costs, raise additional equity or debt, and on future profitable operations. Whether and when the Company can generate sufficient operating cash flows to pay for its expenditures and settle its obligations as they fall due is uncertain. As a result of these conditions, management has concluded, in making its going concern assessment, that there are material uncertainties related to events and conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and statement of financial position classifications that would be necessary were the going concern assumption inappropriate. These adjustments could be material.

Covid-19 Estimation Uncertainty

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic. This has resulted in governments worldwide, including the Canadian government, to enact emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include social distancing, the implementation of travel bans, and closures of non-essential businesses, have caused material disruption to businesses globally, resulting in an economic slowdown. As at June 30, 2021, the Company has not observed any material impairments of our assets or a significant change in the fair value of assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The situation is dynamic and the ultimate duration and magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and the financial effect on our business, financial position and operating results remain unknown at this time. These impacts could include the ability of the Company to raise capital, the impairment in the value of our long-lived assets, or potential future decreases in revenue or the profitability of our ongoing and future operations. The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the pandemic on all aspects of its business.

 

 

6


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

2.

Basis of presentation and measurement

Statement of compliance

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 34, Interim Financial Reporting, using the same accounting policies as detailed in the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. These condensed financial statements do not include all the information required for full annual financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and interpretations of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”). These condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements of the Company were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on August 18, 2021.

Basis of presentation

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: The Very Good Butchers Inc., 1218169 B.C. Ltd., 1218158 B.C. Ltd., The Cultured Nut Inc., and Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc., companies incorporated in the province of British Columbia, Canada, and VGFC Holdings LLC, a company incorporated in the state of Delaware, U.S.A.

Control exists when the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and are based on historical costs. The presentation and functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The Company structures its condensed interim consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss on a functional basis. For that purpose, the Company defines cost of sales as procurement expense and gross profit as revenues less procurement expense.

Critical accounting estimates and judgements

The preparation of these condensed interim financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the Company to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amount of assets, liabilities and contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the period. The Company’s management reviews these estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis, based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to estimates are adjusted for prospectively in the period in which the estimates are revised. Actual results may differ from these judgements, estimates and assumptions.

 

7


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

2.

Basis of presentation and measurement (continued)

 

Information on significant areas of uncertainty and critical estimates in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements relate to the following:

Share-based compensation

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (“Black-Scholes”) to estimate the fair value of stock options and warrants granted to directors, officers, employees and service providers. The use of Black-Scholes requires management to make various estimates and assumptions that impact the value assigned to the stock options including the forecast future volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the expected life of the stock options. Any changes in these assumptions could have a material impact on the share-based compensation calculation value. See also note 16.

Carrying value of inventory

The Company records valuation adjustments for inventory by comparing the inventory cost to its net realizable value. The process requires the use of estimates and assumptions related to future market demand, costs and prices. Such assumptions are reviewed and may have a significant impact on the valuation adjustments for inventory.

Business combinations

Judgment is used in determining whether an acquisition is a business combination or an asset acquisition and assessing whether the amounts paid on achievement of milestones represents contingent consideration or compensation for post-acquisition services. Contingent consideration that is classified as a liability is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date and subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss. Accounting for acquisitions requires estimates with respect to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Impairment

The Company assesses impairment of non-financial assets such as goodwill, right-of-use assets, and property and equipment. In assessing impairment, management estimates the recoverable amount of each asset or cash generating unit (“CGU”) based on expected future cash flows. When measuring expected future cash flows, management makes assumptions about future growth of profits which relate to future events and circumstances. Actual results could vary from these estimated future cash flows. Estimation uncertainty relates to assumptions about future operating results and the application of an appropriate discount rate.

Goodwill is subject to impairment testing on an annual basis. However, if indicators of impairment are present, the Company will review goodwill for impairment when such indicators arise. In addition, at each reporting period, the Company reviews whether there are indicators that the recoverable amount of long-lived assets may be less than their carrying amount.

Goodwill and long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment by determining the recoverable amount of each CGU or groups of CGUs to which the goodwill or long-lived assets relate. Management estimates the recoverable amount of the CGUs based on the higher of value-in-use (“VIU”) and fair value less costs of disposal (“FVLCD”). The VIU calculations are based on expected future cash flows. When measuring expected future cash flows, management makes key assumptions about future growth of profits which relate to future events and circumstances. Estimation uncertainty relates to assumptions about future operating results and the application of an appropriate discount rate. Actual results could vary from these estimates which may cause significant adjustments to the Company’s goodwill or long-lived assets in subsequent reporting periods.

 

8


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

2.

Basis of presentation and measurement (continued)

 

Leases

The lease liability and right-of-use asset valuation is based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The lease term is determined as the non-cancellable term of the lease, which may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company applies judgment in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to extend or terminate the lease, and any modifications to the lease term will result in the revaluation of the lease. The present value of the lease payments is dependent on the Company’s estimate of its incremental borrowing rates.

 

3.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The following IFRS standards have been recently issued by the IASB. Pronouncements that are irrelevant or not expected to have a significant impact have been excluded.

Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current

The amendment clarifies the requirements relating to determining if a liability should be presented as current or non-current in the statement of financial position. Under the new requirement, the assessment of whether a liability is presented as current or non-current is based on the contractual arrangements in place as at the reporting date and does not impact the amount tor timing of recognition. The amendment applies retrospectively for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this amendment on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts and the Cost of Fulfilling a Contract

The amendment specifies that the “cost of fulfilling” a contract comprises the “costs that relate directly to the contract”. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this amendment on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

4.

Accounts receivable

 

     As at June 30,
2021
     As at December 31,
2020
 

GST receivable

   $ 1,288,628      $ 366,561  

Trade accounts receivable

     118,958        82,740  

Accrued interest receivable

     810        282  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,408,396      $ 449,583  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade accounts receivable is recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $28,757 (December 31, 2020 - $39,917).

 

9


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

5.

Inventory

Inventory consisted primarily of raw materials, packaging and restaurant supplies and finished goods which were either at the retail location, warehouses, storage space or held with third party distributors.

 

     As at June 30,
2021
     As at December 31,
2020
 

Raw materials

   $ 1,550,622      $ 320,346  

Packaging and restaurant supplies

     966,796        333,728  

Finished goods

     821,272        541,461  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 3,338,690      $ 1,195,535  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Included in finished goods inventory at June 30, 2021, was $44,677 (December 31, 2020 - $12,053) of depreciation expense related to property and equipment and $27,561 (December 31, 2020 - $7,502) related to right-of-use assets used in production.

 

6.

Prepaids and deposits

 

     As at June 30,
2021
     As at December 31,
2020
 

Prepaid expenses

   $ 1,146,907      $ 432,039  

Security deposits

     4,654,802        1,293,272  

Lease deposits (Notes 11 and 23)

     906,743        940,760  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     6,708,452        2,666,071  

Less: current portion of prepaids and deposits

     (5,766,262      (1,887,035
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 942,190      $ 779,036  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

7.

Right-of-use assets

 

     Right-of-use
building
     Right-of-use
equipment
     Right-of-use
vehicle
     Total  

Cost

           

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ 5,280,607      $ 151,117      $ 23,767      $ 5,455,491  

Additions

     11,364,604        1,683,250        33,157        13,081,011  

Early termination of lease

     (7,493      —          (23,767      (31,260

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

     (76,483      —          —          (76,483
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, June 30, 2021

   $ 16,561,235      $ 1,834,367      $ 33,157      $ 18,428,759  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation

           

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ (342,342    $ (61,067    $ (5,485    $ (408,894

Depreciation

     (551,627      (52,438      (5,469      (609,534

Early termination of leases

     2,366        —          5,942        8,308  

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

     2,115        —          —          2,115  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, June 30, 2021

   $ (889,488    $ (113,505    $ (5,012    $ (1,008,005
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying amounts

           

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ 4,938,265      $ 90,050      $ 18,282      $ 5,046,597  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, June 30, 2021

   $ 15,671,747      $ 1,720,862      $ 28,145      $ 17,420,754  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

10


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

7.

Right-of-use assets (continued)

 

The additions in right-of-use assets (building and equipment) during the six months ended June 30, 2021, are primarily related to the Rupert Facility.

Depreciation of right-of-use assets included in the condensed interim consolidated financial statements is split as follows:

 

     As at June 30,
2021
     As at June 30,
2020
 

Consolidated statements of financial position

     

Included in inventory

   $ 19,704      $ —    

 

     Three months ended
June 30,
     Six months ended
June 30,
 
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss

 

        

Included in procurement expense

   $ 99,412      $ 28,399      $ 127,240      $ 56,660  

Included in fulfilment expense

     92,861        3,248        107,461        3,248  

Included in general and administrative expense

     40,360        48,730        42,943        49,873  

Included in pre-production expense

     132,304        —          312,186        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 364,937      $ 80,377      $ 589,830      $ 109,781  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

8.

Property and equipment

 

     Restaurant,
production,
and R&D
equipment
    Furniture
and
fixtures
    Computer
equipment
and
software
    Leasehold
improvements
    Vehicle     Total  

Cost

 

At December 31, 2020

   $ 364,723     $ 125,142     $ 107,870     $ 253,149     $ 69,781     $ 920,665  

Additions

     2,680,296       204,186       289,848       2,122,000       67,294       5,363,624  

Disposals

     (2,679     (9,364     —         —         (8,559     (20,602
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At June 30, 2021

   $ 3,042,340     $ 319,964     $ 397,718     $ 2,375,149     $ 128,516     $ 6,263,687  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation

 

At December 31, 2020

     (63,934     (10,466     (34,207     (52,323     (19,007     (179,937

Depreciation

     (58,498     (20,435     (125,079     (83,412     (9,102     (296,526

Disposals

     —         —         —         —         642       642  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At June 30, 2021

   $ (122,432   $ (30,901   $ (159,286   $ (135,735   $ (27,467   $ (475,821
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book value

 

At December 31, 2020

   $ 300,789     $ 114,676     $ 73,663     $ 200,826     $ 50,774     $ 740,728  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At June 30, 2021

   $ 2,919,908     $ 289,063     $ 238,432     $ 2,239,414     $ 101,049     $ 5,787,866  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As at June 30, 2021, a total of $10,057 (December 31, 2020 - $81,000) of furniture and fixtures, $1,784,785 (December 31, 2020 - $nil) of production equipment, and $nil (December 31, 2020 - $63,557) of leasehold improvements related to property and equipment under construction, and no depreciation has been recognized. The Company will begin recognizing depreciation once the underlying assets are ready for their intended use.

 

11


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

8.

Property and equipment (continued)

 

Depreciation of property and equipment included in the condensed interim consolidated financial statements is split as follows:

 

     As at June 30,
2021
     As at June 30,
2020
 

Consolidated statements of financial position

     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Included in inventory

   $ 44,704      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Three months ended June 30,      Six months ended June 30,  
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss

 

     

Included in procurement expense

   $ 101,996      $ 17,692      $ 146,308      $ 32,818  

Included in fulfilment expense

     1,355        49        2,300        49  

Included in general and administrative expense

     39,078        5,088        69,257        10,304  

Included in research and development expense

     1,018        883        2,038        1,765  

Included in pre-production expense

     3,784        —          31,919        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 147,231      $ 23,712      $ 251,822      $ 44,936  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

9.

Acquisitions

The Cultured Nut Inc.

On February 23, 2021, the Company closed a share purchase agreement with the shareholders of The Cultured Nut Inc. (“TCN”) to purchase 100% of the issued and outstanding Class V Voting Shares, Class A Non-Voting Common Shares, Class D Non-Voting Common Shares and Class C Non-Voting Common Shares (collectively, the “Shares”). TCN, an artisan vegan cheese producer on the West Coast of Canada, with several innovative products including block style cheeses. In consideration for the acquisition of TCN, the Company agreed to pay the following:

 

   

$925,000 due on closing (paid);

 

   

139,676 common shares due on closing (issued);

 

   

$75,000 on August 30, 2021; and

 

   

Up to $1,000,000 contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of TCN’s business over a 12-month period.

The Company also agreed to pay an amount equal to the closing working capital of TCN, equal to the difference between the current assets and current liabilities on the date of acquisition. The Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $118,751, which have been included in other expense in the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss.

The preliminary purchase price allocation for the acquisition of TCN is summarized as follows:

 

Acquisition consideration

  

Cash

   $ 1,000,000  

Fair value of common shares

     790,566  

Contingent consideration

     698,000  

Working capital consideration

     36,219  
  

 

 

 

Total acquisition consideration

   $ 2,524,785  
  

 

 

 

 

12


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

9.

Acquisitions (continued)

 

Fair value of TCN’s net assets acquired

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 3,895  

Accounts receivable

     14,218  

Inventory

     23,418  

Prepaids and deposits

     7,788  

Right-of-use assets

     127,043  

Property and equipment

     65,851  

Goodwill

     2,422,916  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     (12,801

Lease liabilities

     (127,543
  

 

 

 

Total fair value of TCN’s net assets acquired

   $ 2,524,785  
  

 

 

 

In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, the acquisition cost has been allocated on a preliminary basis to the identifiable underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company has retained an independent appraiser to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the work of such appraiser is ongoing. As such the purchase price allocation at June 30, 2021 is preliminary and the determination of the final working capital adjustment and contingent consideration, the identification of any intangible assets and the finalization of the value of goodwill remains provisional. If new information obtained within one year of the date of acquisition about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of acquisition identifies adjustments to the above amounts, or any additional provisions that existed at the date of acquisition, then the accounting for the acquisition will be revised.

The goodwill is attributable mainly to the expected synergies and future income and growth expected to be achieved from integrating TCN into the Company’s existing business.

Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc.

On March 11, 2021, the Company closed a share purchase agreement with the sole shareholder of Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc. (“Lloyd-James”) to purchase 100% of the issued and outstanding common shares (the “Shares”). Lloyd-James is a wholesale and food service broker who specializes in the plant-based food industry has a history of placement in large natural, speciality and conventional grocery retailers. In consideration for the acquisition of Lloyd-James, the Company agreed to pay the following:

 

   

$325,000 due on closing (paid);

 

   

62,329 common shares due on closing (issued); and

 

   

Up to $350,000 contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of Lloyd-James business over a 12 month period.

The Company also agreed to pay an amount equal to the closing working capital of Lloyd-James, equal to the difference between the current assets and current liabilities on the date of acquisition. The Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $57,440, which have been included in other expense in the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss.

 

13


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

9.

Acquisitions (continued)

 

The preliminary purchase price allocation for the acquisition of Lloyd-James is summarized as follows:

 

Acquisition consideration

  

Cash

   $ 325,000  

Fair value of common shares

     365,871  

Contingent consideration

     350,000  

Working capital consideration

     25,648  
  

 

 

 

Total acquisition consideration

   $ 1,066,519  
  

 

 

 

 

Fair value of Lloyd-James’s net assets acquired

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 5,411  

Accounts receivable

     19,936  

Goodwill

     1,056,619  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     (15,447
  

 

 

 

Total fair value of Lloyd-James’s net assets acquired

   $ 1,066,519  
  

 

 

 

In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, the acquisition cost has been allocated on a preliminary basis to the identifiable underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company has retained an independent appraiser to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the work of such appraiser is ongoing. As such the purchase price allocation at June 30, 2021 is preliminary and the determination of the final working capital adjustment and contingent consideration, the identification of any intangible assets and the finalization of the value of goodwill remains provisional. If new information obtained within one year of the date of acquisition about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of acquisition identifies adjustments to the above amounts, or any additional provisions that existed at the date of acquisition, then the accounting for the acquisition will be revised.

The goodwill is attributable mainly to the skills and technical talent of Lloyd-James work force and the synergies expected to be achieved from integrating Lloyd-James into the Company’s existing business.

 

10.

Accounts payables and accrued liabilities

 

     As at June 30,
2021
     As at December 31,
2020
 

Accounts payable

   $ 3,573,088      $ 1,173,048  

Accrued liabilities

     3,260,962        698,680  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 6,834,050      $ 1,871,728  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

14


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

11.

Lease liabilities

Lease liabilities consist of leases for retail, production and distribution facilities, equipment and a vehicle. The leases have been discounted using weighted average interest rates ranging between 3.0% and 12.5% as estimated incremental borrowing rates of the Company for similar assets.

 

     Six-months ended
June 30, 2021
 

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 5,536,287  

Additions

     12,532,758  

Lease payments

     (532,097

Early termination of leases

     (24,552

Lease concessions

     —    

Interest expense

     646,299  

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

     (80,211
  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   $ 18,078,484  

Less: current portion of lease liabilities

     (793,433
  

 

 

 

Lease liabilities

   $ 17,285,051  
  

 

 

 

The Company’s future minimum lease payments for the leases for retail, warehouse, production facilities, equipment and vehicle are as follows:

 

Fiscal year ending:

   Retail,
warehouse and
production
facilities
     Equipment      Vehicle      Total  

December 31, 2021

   $ 899,172      $ 149,991      $ 6,087      $ 1,055,250  

December 31, 2022

     1,830,964        287,619        12,175        2,130,758  

December 31, 2023

     1,851,299        285,519        12,175        2,148,993  

December 31, 2024

     1,868,919        238,717        468        2,108,104  

December 31, 2025

     1,885,744        225,396        —          2,111,140  

December 31, 2026 and thereafter

     20,838,830        55,164        —          20,893,994  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total lease payments

     29,174,928        1,242,406        30,905        30,448,239  

Amounts representing interest over the term of the leases

     (12,221,497      (145,818      (2,440      (12,369,755

Present value of net lease payments

     16,953,431        1,096,588        28,465        18,078,484  

Less: Current portion

     (546,811      (235,963      (10,659      (793,433
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term portion

   $ 16,406,620      $ 860,625      $ 17,806      $ 17,285,051  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Further information about our leases facilities is provided in Note 23 Commitments.

 

15


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

12.

Loans payable and other liabilities

 

     CEBA loan     Revolving line
of credit
     Senior secured
term loan
     Credit facility
fee liability
    Total  

Balance, December 31, 2020

   $ 30,000     $ —        $ —        $ —       $ 30,000  

Additions

     —         566,910        1,324,182        2,520,000       4,411,092  

Discount

     —         —          —          (231,035     (231,035

Accretion expense

     —         —          —          6,716       6,716  

Repayments

     (30,000     —          —          (210,000     (240,000
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, June 30, 2021

     —         566,910        1,324,182        2,085,681       3,976,773  

Less: Current portion

     —         —          —          (1,564,546     (1,564,546
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term portion

   $ —       $ 566,910      $ 1,324,182      $ 521,135     $ 2,412,227  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received a loan totalling $40,000 from its bank under the Canada Emergency Business Account program (“CEBA”) funded by the Government of Canada. The loan is interest free and may be repaid any time before December 31, 2022, at which time if unpaid, the remaining balance will convert to a 3-year term loan at an interest rate of 5% per annum. If the Company repays the loan prior to December 31, 2022, there will be loan forgiveness of 25% of the loan, up to $10,000. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $10,000 as forgiveness of loan as it was reasonably certain that the Company would repay the loan before December 31, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company repaid the loan of $30,000.

On June 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) for a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Waygar Capital Inc. (the “Agent”), as agent for Ninepoint Canadian Senior Debt Master Fund L.P. (the “Lender”). The Credit Facility consists of a $20,000,000 revolving line of credit and a $50,000,000 senior secured asset term loan. All amounts drawn under the Credit Facility will incur interest at a rate of 9.95% per annum on the unpaid principal amount of outstanding advances, will be repaid in full upon maturity, and are secured by a first-priority security interest on substantially all of the Company’s assets. The revolving line of credit is also subject to an unused line fee of 1% per annum. The Credit Facility will become due on June 7, 2023, subject to the Company’s option to extend the maturity date for an additional 12 months on terms and conditions to be mutually agreed to between the Company and the Lender. In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company issued 225,000 common share purchase warrants to the Agent with a fair value of $752,559 to the Agent, which are exercisable for one common share of the Company at a price of C$5.62 for a period of 60 months from the date of issuance. The warrants are subject to a hold period of four months and one day from issuance. In addition, the Company agreed to pay a credit facility fee of $2,520,000 to the Agent, which is payable as follows: $210,000 payable within 5 days of closing (paid); $105,000 payable on or before July 7, 2021 (paid subsequently); $105,000 payable on or before August 8, 2021 (paid subsequently); $105,000 on or before September 5, 2021; $105,000 on or before October 5, 2021; $630,000 on or before June 6, 2022; $630,000 on or before June 8, 2022; and $630,000 on or before June 7, 2023. The Company also incurred other financing costs of $2,142,926 in connection with the financing, of which $1,904,762 is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at June 30, 2021.

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company received a total of $1,891,092 pursuant to the Credit Facility and recognized the net present value of the credit facility fee payable of $2,288,965, with a corresponding discount of $231,035. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized interest and accretion expense of $16,945. As at June 30, 2021, a total of $3,976,773 is outstanding, net of an unamortized discount of $224,319, and $10,229 is outstanding for interest, which is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company incurred debt financing costs totalling $5,184,450, which will be amortized over the term of the Credit Facility at the effective interest rate. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized accretion expense of the deferred financing costs of $111,167. As at June 30, 2021, the remaining carrying value of the deferred financing costs was $5,073,283.

 

16


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

13.

Related party balances and transactions

Related party transactions

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company and consists of the Company’s executive management team and directors. Compensation was as follows:

 

     Three months ended June 30,      Six months ended June 30,  
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Salaries incurred to key management personnel

   $ 246,923      $ 69,131      $ 540,308      $ 99,121  

Professional fees incurred to the former CFO

     —          55,000        —          100,406  

Directors fees

     —          —          6,000        —    

Share-based compensation

     2,778,908        84,459        8,086,241        292,285  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 3,025,831      $ 208,590      $ 8,632,549      $ 491,812  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

14.

Share capital

Authorized share capital

Unlimited number of common shares without par value.

Issued share capital during the six months ended June 30, 2021

 

  a)

On February 23, 2021, the Company issued 139,676 common shares with a fair value of $790,566 pursuant to a share purchase agreement to acquire TCN (Note 9).

 

  b)

On March 11, 2021, the Company issued 62,329 common shares with a fair value of $365,871 pursuant to a share purchase agreement to acquire Lloyd-James (Note 9).

 

  c)

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 82,500 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options at $0.25 per share and 16,667 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options at $1.74 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $49,625. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company received $6,250 related to a stock option exercise which occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

  d)

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 365,483 common shares and 273,867 units pursuant to the exercise of warrants with exercise prices ranging between $1.30 per share and $4.50 per share for gross proceeds of $2,227,583, of which $6,000 was receivable at June 30, 2021, and $19,500 was received as at December 31, 2020. Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half of one warrant with exercise prices ranging between $2.00 and $4.50 with terms ranging between February 7, 2022, and June 4, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company received $5,000 related to a warrant exercise which occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

  e)

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 42,694 common shares for marketing services with a fair value of $227,471.

 

  f)

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company received subscriptions of $28,999 pursuant to a subsequent exercise of stock options (Note 26).

 

15.

Warrants

The following table summarizes information about the warrants at June 30, 2021, and the changes for the period then ended:

 

     Number of warrants      Weighted average
exercise price
 

Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2020

     2,889,367      $ 3.70  

Issued

     361,934        5.08  

Exercised

     (639,350      3.39  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Warrants outstanding, June 30, 2021

     2,611,951      $ 3.94  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

17


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

15.

Warrants (continued)

 

The Company’s warrants are exercisable only for common shares, unless otherwise noted. The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2021:

 

Exercise price

   Expiry date      Warrants
outstanding
    Weighted average
remaining contracted life
(years)
 

$ 1.60

     August 13, 2021        45,000       0.12  

$ 1.51

     October 6, 2021        60,000       0.27  

$ 7.60

     December 21, 2021        60,000       0.48  

$ 1.30

     February 7, 2022        12,862     0.61  

$ 2.00

     February 7, 2022        554,783       0.61  

$ 2.00

     February 13, 2022        44,232       0.62  

$ 3.50

     June 4, 2022        57,441 **      0.93  

$ 4.50

     June 4, 2022        1,552,633       0.93  

$ 5.62

     June 7, 2026        225,000       4.94  
     

 

 

   
        2,611,951    
     

 

 

   

 

*

Exercisable to acquire one unit at $1.30 per unit until February 7, 2022. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $2.00 until February 7, 2022.

**

Exercisable to acquire one unit at $3.50 per unit until June 4, 2022. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable at $4.50 until June 4, 2022.

 

16.

Stock options

Pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan, the Board of Directors is authorized to grant options to directors, officers, consultants or employees to acquire up to 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. The exercise price will not be less than $0.10 per share and the market price of the common shares on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the grant, less applicable discounts permitted by the TSX-V. The options that may be granted under this plan must be exercisable for over a period of not exceeding 5 years.

The following table summarizes the continuity of the Company’s stock options at June 30, 2021, and the changes for the period then ended:

 

     Number of options      Weighted average
exercise price
 

Outstanding, December 31, 2020

     3,852,639      $ 1.39  

Granted

     4,580,000        6.81  

Exercised

     (99,167      0.50  

Cancelled or forfeited

     (260,000      2.81  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Outstanding, June 30, 2021

     8,073,472      $ 4.43  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable, June 30, 2021

     4,075,436      $ 2.15  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2021, generally vest in 3 to 4 equal instalments over vesting periods ranging between 12 months and 18 months.

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2021, was $6.60.

 

18


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

16.

Stock options (continued)

 

Additional information regarding stock options outstanding as at June 30, 2021, is as follows:

 

Exercise price

   Stock options
outstanding*
     Stock options exercisable      Expiry date  

$ 9.07

     5,000        2,500        December 7, 2023  

$ 6.21

     390,000        —          January 4, 2024  

$ 7.10

     60,000        —          January 26, 2024  

$ 7.03

     870,000        25,000        January 29, 2024  

$ 6.73

     75,000        —          February 16, 2024  

$ 5.72

     35,000        6,250        March 8, 2024  

$ 0.25

     1,006,500        1,006,500        December 31, 2024  

$ 0.25

     1,262,500        1,262,500        January 1, 2025  

$ 0.25

     85,000        85,000        June 17, 2025  

$ 1.31

     110,000        110,000        June 24, 2025  

$ 1.56

     50,000        50,000        August 7, 2025  

$ 1.65

     30,000        30,000        September 4, 2025  

$ 1.70

     5,506        2,753        September 17, 2025  

$ 1.68

     250,000        166,667        September 21, 2025  

$ 1.60

     100,000        100,000        October 7, 2025  

$ 1.74

     16,666        16,666        October 13, 2025  

$ 4.65

     522,300        361,600        November 24, 2025  

$ 8.86

     150,000        75,000        December 5, 2025  

$ 7.03

     2,300,000        25,000        January 29, 2026  

$ 6.21

     750,000        750,000        March 4, 2026  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    
     8,073,472        4,075,436     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

*

The weighted average remaining life of options outstanding is 3.80 years.

Share-based compensation expense is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $14,609,998 (2020 – $450,011) in equity reserves, of which $8,086,241 (2020 – $292,285) pertains to directors and officers of the Company. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2021, was $4.93 (2020 – $0.19) per share. Weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based compensation expense are as follows:

 

     Six months ended June 30,  
     2021     2020  

Risk-free interest rate

     0.38     1.49

Dividend yield

     0     0

Expected volatility

     118     150

Expected life (years)

     4.3       5.0  

Forfeiture rate

     0     0

Expected annualized volatility was determined through the comparison of historical share price volatilities used by similar publicly listed companies in similar industries.

At June 30, 2021, there was $10,091,292 (December 31, 2020 – $2,519,228) of unrecognized share-based compensation related to unvested stock options.

 

19


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

17.

Finance expense

Finance expense is comprised of the following:

 

     Three months ended June 30,      Six months ended
June 30,
 
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Interest on finance lease obligations (Note 11)

   $ 284,549      $ 10,959      $ 646,299      $ 21,902  

Interest and accretion on loans and other liabilities

     128,112        13,430        128,112        26,667  

Interest and accretion on convertible debentures

     —          57,632        —          86,957  

Interest and accretion on related party loan

     —          7,325        —          11,728  

Finance cost on settlement of convertible debt

     —          765,000        —          765,000  

Other interest

     16        —          536        79  

Interest and other income

     (6,730      —          (11,970      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 405,947      $ 854,346      $ 762,977      $ 912,333  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

18.

Other expense

Other expense is comprised of the following:

 

     Three months ended June 30,      Six months ended June 30,  
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Pre-construction costs*

   $ 36,325      $ 17,266      $ 147,283      $ 20,766  

Loss on disposal of equipment

     2,679        —          22,561        —    

Acquisition-related costs

     101,138        —          277,329        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 140,142      $ 17,266      $ 447,173      $ 20,766  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

*

Pre-construction costs consist of conceptual design and preliminary engineering expenditures incurred on building-out its Mount Pleasant facility (Note 23(e)) and Rupert facility (Note 23(j)). These costs did not meet the capitalization criteria as set out in IAS 16, Property, Plant and Equipment.

 

19.

Supplemental cash flow disclosures

 

     For the six months ended June 30,  
     2021      2020  

Fair value of Agent’s Warrants and corporate finance fee warrants

   $ —        $ 176,242  

Fair value of warrants issued in connection with Loan Agreement

     752,559        —    

Finance fee included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     1,904,762        —    

Issuance of common shares for acquisitions

     1,156,437        —    

Issuance of common shares pursuant to the conversion of convertible debentures

     —          1,873,222  

Lease liabilities assumed from acquisition

     (127,543      —    

ROU assets acquired through leases

     12,434,623        2,034,887  

ROU assets acquired through acquisition

     127,043        —    

Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     1,723,575        —    

 

20


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

20.

Financial instruments and financial risk management

Fair value measurements

At June 30, 2021, the carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loans payable and other liabilities, all of which are carried at amortized cost, approximate their fair value given their short-term nature or discount rate applied.

The Company does not have any financial instruments measured at fair value in the condensed interim consolidated statement of financial position, except for its contingent consideration, which was estimated at fair value as part of the preliminary purchase price allocations in note 9 and for which there has been no change in fair value to June 30, 2021.

Financial risk management

The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks. The Board of Directors approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of documented investment policies, counterparty limits, and controlling and reporting structures. The type of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed is provided as follows:

The following is an analysis of the contractual maturities of the Company’s non-derivative financial liabilities as at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

 

June 30, 2021

   Within 1 year      Between 1-5
years
     More than 5
years
 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 6,834,050      $ —        $ —    

Loans payable and other liabilities

     1,564,546        2,412,227        —    

Contingent consideration on acquisitions

     1,048,000        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 9,446,596      $ 2,412,227      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2020

   Within 1 year      Between 1-5
years
     More than 5
years
 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 1,871,728      $ —        $ —    

Loans payable

     —          30,000        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,871,728      $ 30,000      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest risk

The Company’s exposure to interest risk relates to its investment of surplus cash and cash equivalents, including restricted and unrestricted short-term investments. The Company may invest surplus cash in highly liquid investments with short terms to maturity and would accumulate interest at prevailing rates for such investments. At June 30, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,926,067 (December 31, 2020 - $25,084,083) and a 1% change in interest rates would increase or decrease interest income by approximately $60,000 (December 31, 2020 - $250,000).

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits and receivables. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits, and trade and other receivables represent the maximum exposure to credit risk, and as at June 30, 2021, this amounted to $11,989,265 (December 31, 2020 - $26,826,938).

 

21


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

20.

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued)

 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held through large Canadian financial institutions and no losses have been incurred in relation to these items. The Company’s receivables are comprised of trade accounts receivable and GST receivable. At June 30, 2021, the Company has $53,974 (December 31, 2020 – $43,153) in trade accounts receivable outstanding over 60 days, of which the Company has recognized an allowance for doubtful accounts of $28,757 (December 31, 2020 – $39,917).

Concentration of credit risk

Concentration of credit risk is the risk of reliance upon a select number of customers which significantly impact the financial performance of the Company. The Company recorded sales from 3 wholesale distributors of the Company representing 12% (2020 – 22%) of total revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2021. Of the Company’s trade receivables outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 72% and 81% are held with 4 customers and 3 customers of the Company, respectively.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to pay financial instrument liabilities as they come due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by reviewing on an ongoing basis its capital requirements. As at June 30, 2021, the Company has $5,926,067 (December 31, 2020 – $25,084,083) of cash and cash equivalents. The Company is obligated to pay accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the current portion of the lease liabilities, and the current portion of loans payable and other liabilities with a carrying amount of $9,192,029 (December 31, 2020 – $2,018,663) and contingent consideration of $1,048,000 within the next year (see also note 1).

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on fluctuations related to cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue that are denominated in US dollars. As at June 30, 2021, a 10% appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have increased net financial assets by approximately $177,000 (December 31, 2020 – $102,312). A 10% depreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have had the equal but opposite effect.

Price Risk

The Company is exposed to price risk with respect to commodity prices. Commodity price risk is defined as the potential adverse impact on earnings and economic value due to commodity price movements and volatilities. The Company closely monitors commodity prices of raw materials to determine the appropriate course of action to be taken by the Company.

 

22


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

21.

Employee benefit expense

The breakdown of the wages and salaries costs within the condensed interim consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss for the six months ending June 30, 2021, and 2020, are as follows:

 

     Three months ended June 30,      Six months ended June 30,  
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Included in procurement expense

           

Wages and salaries

   $ 667,604      $ 170,270      $ 1,309,290      $ 282,956  

Share-based compensation

     284,147        —          542,696        14,246  

Included in fulfilment expense

           

Wages and salaries

     247,579        11,489        454,766        24,893  

Share-based compensation

     356,871        —          752,703        —    

Included in general and administrative expense

           

Wages and salaries

     902,857        131,706        1,883,334        253,773  

Share-based compensation

     4,546,887        172,083        11,887,846        412,405  

Included in marketing and investor relations expense

           

Wages and salaries

     157,796        —          283,996        —    

Share-based compensation

     272,907        —          561,106        3,982  

Included in research and development expense

           

Wages and salaries

     182,869        45,786        334,402        103,897  

Share-based compensation

     237,072        —          427,864        19,378  

Included in pre-production expense

           

Wages and salaries

     203,635        —          449,429        —    

Share-based compensation

     138,106        —          437,783        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total employee benefit expense

   $ 8,198,330      $ 531,334      $ 19,325,215      $ 1,115,530  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

22.

Capital management

The Company’s primary objectives when managing capital is to maintain a capital structure that allows financing options to the Company in order to benefit from potential opportunities as they arise. The Company manages its capital structure and adjusts it based on the funds available to the Company in order to maintain existing operations and fund expansion opportunities. The Board of Directors does not establish quantitative return on capital criteria for management, but rather relies on the expertise of the Company’s management to sustain future development of the business.

The Company is continually evaluating expansion opportunities both domestically and within certain international markets. Depending on the timing and scope of expansion opportunities identified by the Company, there will be a requirement for the investment of additional capital for the Company to continue to successfully execute on its growth strategy. Based on the ongoing analysis of potential growth opportunities, the Company is not able to currently quantify any specific non-committed future capital requirements. The Company has historically relied on debt and more recently the equity markets to fund its activities. Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes that this approach, given the relative size of the Company, is reasonable to ensure optimal capital structure to reduce cost of capital.

 

23


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

23.

Commitments

Finance leases

 

  a)

On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for retail and storage space located at 6-1701 Douglas Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 5-year term, commencing on August 1, 2017 and expiring on July 31, 2022. The base rent due under the lease agreement is $1,252 per month during the first year and increases each subsequent year. For years 2-5, the monthly rent payable is equal to the current monthly minimum rent multiplied by the annual increase of the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) for the current lease year just ended over the previous lease year. CPI is defined as the consumer price index for the Greater Victoria Area issued by any bureau of statistics for the Government of Canada. The Company will also pay additional rent equivalent to 4% of the Company’s gross retail sales, excluding sales from wholesale orders, in excess of $2,000,000 per annum.

 

  b)

On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into a sub-lease agreement for kitchen and retail space located at 2527 Government Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 4.5-year term, expiring on June 30, 2023. The remaining base rent due under the sub-lease agreement is $3,950 per month for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2019, $4,350 per month for the period from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, $4,600 per month for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, $4,800 per month for the period from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, and $5,050 per month for the period from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023.

Also, in relation to the January 1, 2019 sub-lease agreement, the Company entered into a rental agreement for the use of fixtures and equipment located at 2527 Government Street, Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 4.5-year term, expiring on June 30, 2023. The remaining rent due under the rental agreement is $250 per month for the period from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, $300 per month for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and $350 per month for the period from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2023.

 

  c)

On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on January 9, 2022. The Company is required to make 36 monthly payments of $1,858. At the expiration of the lease, the Company shall have the option to purchase the equipment for $10.

 

  d)

On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement for restaurant production equipment. The lease is for a 3-year term, expiring on January 9, 2022. The Company is required to make 36 monthly payments of $2,232.

 

  e)

On January 22, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a facility located in the Mount Pleasant area of Vancouver, BC, which commenced September 1, 2020 for a 10-year term. The facility will house the Company’s second restaurant, along with space for research and development, and offices. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $332,832 per annum for years 1-3, $348,434 per annum for years 4-6, and $369,236 per annum for years 7-10. The Company paid a security deposit of $246,237, which will be applied towards the rent due for each of the 3rd, 13th, and 25th months of the term, with the balance being held as a security deposit. As at June 30, 2021, a balance of $232,242 (December 31, 2020 – $232,242) is included in prepaids and deposits. Of this amount, $43,502 is presented as a current asset and the remaining balance as a non-current asset. The lease agreement includes an option to renew for two consecutive five-year periods.

 

  f)

On April 8, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for storage space located in Victoria, BC. The lease is for 2 years and 16 days, commencing on April 15, 2020 and expiring on April 30, 2022. The base rent due under the lease agreement is $1,445 per month during the first year and $1,576 per month during the second year.

 

24


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

23.

Commitments (continued)

 

  g)

On June 4, 2020, the Company entered into agreements for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the purchase agreements, the Company was required to pay 30% deposit of the purchase price totaling $454,848, and the balance is due in 60 equal payments totaling $19,974 per month at an annual interest rate of 5%, starting from the date of the delivery. As at December 31, 2020, the equipment had not been delivered and the deposits of $454,848 were included in prepaids and deposits. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the equipment was delivered and the deposits were applied against the acquisition of the right-of-use assets.

 

  h)

On August 31, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a production and distribution facility located in Patterson, California, which commenced on September 1, 2020. The term of this lease is for 5 years and 7 months, expiring on February 28, 2026, with 2 options to extend the term of the lease, each for an additional term of 5 years. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is US$24,743 per month starting April 1, 2021 and no rent is required for the period from September 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021. The base rent is to be adjusted by 3% on the 1st of April of each year commencing from April 1, 2021. The Company paid a security deposit of US$321,659. As at June 30, 2021, a balance of $368,384 (US$296,916) (December 31, 2020 – $410,189 (US$321,659)) is included in prepaids and deposits as a non-current asset.

 

  i)

On September 22, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a facility located in Victoria, BC, which commenced January 1, 2021 for a 10-year term. The facility will house the Company’s third restaurant. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $44,975 per annum for years 1-2, $47,545 per annum for years 3-4, $50,115 per annum for years 5-6, $51,400 per annum for years 7-8, and $52,685 per annum for year 9-10. The lease agreement includes an option to renew for two consecutive five-year periods. The Company paid a security deposit of $12,256. As at June 30, 2021, a balance of $12,256 (December 31, 2020 – $12,256) is included in prepaids and deposits. Of this amount, $11,356 is presented as a current asset and the remaining balance as a non-current asset.

 

  j)

On November 11, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for the Rupert facility located in Vancouver, BC, for an initial 10-year term with renewal options for two additional 5-year terms. The facility comprises several units of approximately 45,000 square feet of production, refrigeration, warehousing, R&D and office space. Pursuant to the agreement, the lease commences June 1, 2021 with early possession permitted between January 11, 2021 and March 1, 2021. The annual base rent is $870,061 per annum for years 1 to 2, $948,546 per annum for years 3 to 4, $993,875 per annum in years 5 to 7, $1,039,204 per annum in years 8 to 9, and $1,084,533 per annum in year 10. The Company paid a security deposit of $222,249. As at June 30, 2021, a balance of $222,249 (December 31, 2020 – $222,249) is included in prepaids and deposits. Of this amount, $110,713 is presented as a current asset and the remaining balance as a non-current asset.

 

  k)

On January 19, 2021, the Company entered into agreement for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company is required to pay 30% deposit of the purchase price totaling $48,913, and the balance is due in 60 equal payments totaling $2,148 per month at an annual interest rate of 5%, starting from the date of the delivery. As of June 30, 2021, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposit of $48,913 is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  l)

On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement for the lease of production equipment. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is required to pay 20% deposit of the purchase price totaling $196,514, and the balance is due in 36 equal payments totaling $22,845 per month at an annual interest rate of 3%, starting from the date of the delivery. As of June 30, 2021, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposit of $196,514 is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

25


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

23.

Commitments (continued)

 

  m)

On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is required to pay a total of $800,565, of which $160,113 was paid as a deposit, and the balance of $640,452 is due when installation is complete. As of June 30, 2021, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposit of $160,113 is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  n)

On February 1, 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a warehouse facility located in Victoria, BC. The lease is for a 5-year term commencing February 1, 2021 and expiring on January 31, 2026. The facility comprises approximately 6,288 square feet of warehousing space. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the annual base rent is $94,320 per annum for years 1-2, and $100,608 per annum for years 3-5. The Company paid a security deposit of $63,823, which is included in prepaids and deposits as a non-current asset.

 

  o)

On March 16, 2021, the Company entered into agreement for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company is required to pay 40% deposit of the purchase price totalling $710,000, 50% of the purchase price totalling $887,500 prior to shipment and 10% of the purchase price totalling $177,500 upon installation. As of June 30, 2021, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposit of $1,597,500 is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  p)

On May 18, 2021, the Company entered into agreement for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company is required to pay 40% deposit of the purchase price totalling $85,440, 40% of the purchase price totalling $85,440 upon completion of design, 10% of the purchase price totalling $21,360 prior to shipment and 10% of the purchase price totalling $21,360 upon completion acceptance. As of June 30, 2021, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposit of $85,440 is included in prepaids and deposits.

 

  q)

On June 1, 2021, the Company entered into agreement for the purchase of production equipment. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company is required to pay 40% deposit of the purchase price totalling $167,799, 50% of the purchase price totalling $209,737 prior to shipment and 10% of the purchase price totalling $41,947 upon installation. As of June 30, 2021, the equipment has not been delivered and the deposit of $167,799 is included in prepaids and deposits.

Operating leases

As at June 30, 2021, the Company did not have any future payments required under non-cancellable operating leases contracted for but not capitalized in the financial statements.

 

26


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

24.

Segmented Information

The Company’s chief operating decision makers currently review the operating results of the Company as a single reportable operating segment – being the manufacture and distribution of vegan meat and cheese alternatives. The Company operates in two geographic regions: Canada and the United States. The following is a summary of the Company’s activities by geographic region as at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020:

 

     Canada      United States      Total  

Total non-current assets as at June 30, 2021

   $ 29,707,282      $ 2,996,346      $ 32,703,628  

Total non-current assets as at December 31, 2020

   $ 3,407,364      $ 3,158,997      $ 6,566,361  

Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2021

   $ 1,559,674      $ 1,221,007      $ 2,780,681  

Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2020

   $ 1,087,790      $ —        $ 1,087,790  

Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2021

   $ 2,917,033      $ 2,506,731      $ 5,423,764  

Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020

   $ 1,426,342      $ —        $ 1,426,342  

 

25.

Change in Presentation of Expenditures and Restatement

Effective for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to change the presentation of its consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. The Company believes that the revised presentation provides more useful and relevant financial information to users of the consolidated financial statements. Management has applied the change in presentation retrospectively. The consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, has been reclassified to conform with the presentation used in the current period.

In addition, for the period ended the June 30, 2020, the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows have been restated to reflect an adjustment made at December 31, 2020, to record a finance expense of $765,000 related to the conversion of the Company’s convertible debentures in June 2020. The impact of the restatement on the consolidated statement of changes in equity during the six months ended June 30, 2020, was an increase in share capital and deficit of $765,000, and the impact on the consolidated statement of cash flows was an increase in the adjustments for non-cash items related to finance expenses of $765,000.

 

27


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

25.

Change in Presentation of Expenditures and Restatement (continued)

 

The following is a summary of the impacts to the consolidated statement net loss and comprehensive loss for the three months ended June 30, 2020:

 

Consolidated Statement of Net Loss and Comprehensive
Loss

   June 30, 2020
(As previously
reported)
     Functional
presentation
reclassifications
     Finance
expense
restatement
     June 30, 2020
(As restated)
 

Revenues

   $ 1,100,816      $ (13,026    $ —        $ 1,087,790  

Costs of sales

     (537,738      537,738        —          —    

Procurement expense

     —          (690,795      —          (690,795

Fulfilment expense

     —          (415,134      —          (415,134

Advertising and promotion

     (463,780      463,780        —          —    

Bank charges

     (691      691        —          —    

Bad debt expense

     (1,800      1,800        —          —    

Corporate communication

     (126,800      126,800        —          —    

Depreciation

     (104,089      104,089        —          —    

Insurance

     (5,614      5,614        —          —    

Investor relations

     (162,677      162,677        —          —    

Meals and entertainment

     (3,123      3,123        —          —    

Office and administration

     (96,569      96,569        —          —    

Professional fees

     (285,519      285,519        —          —    

Rent

     (12,091      12,091        —          —    

Repairs and maintenance

     (25,628      25,628        —          —    

Research and development

     (48,830      48,830        —          —    

Selling costs

     (296,168      296,168        —          —    

Share-based compensation

     (172,083      172,083        —          —    

Small tools and supplies

     (163,856      163,856        —          —    

Telephone and utilities

     (8,377      8,377        —          —    

Travel

     (13,249      13,249        —          —    

Wages and benefits

     (136,443      136,443        —          —    

General and administrative expense

     —          (723,599      —          (723,599

Marketing and investor relations expense

     —          (740,231      —          (740,231

Research and development expense

     —          (65,074      —          (65,074

Financing expense

     (89,346      —          (765,000      (854,346

Other expense

     —          (17,266      —          (17,266

 

28


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

25.

Change in Presentation of Expenditures and Restatement (continued)

 

The following is a summary of the impacts to the consolidated statement net loss and comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2020:

 

Consolidated Statement of Net Loss and Comprehensive
Loss

   June 30, 2020
(As previously
reported)
     Functional
presentation
reclassifications
     Finance
expense
restatement
     June 30, 2020
(As restated)
 

Revenues

   $ 1,439,368      $ (13,026    $ —        $ 1,426,342  

Costs of sales

     (834,641      834,641        —          —    

Procurement expense

     —          (1,147,847      —          (1,147,847

Fulfilment expense

     —          (491,593      —          (491,593

Advertising and promotion

     (619,872      619,872        —          —    

Bank charges

     (2,426      2,426        —          —    

Bad debt expense

     (5,294      5,294        —          —    

Corporate communication

     (126,800      126,800        —          —    

Depreciation

     (154,717      154,717        —          —    

Insurance

     (14,753      14,753        —          —    

Investor relations

     (162,677      162,677        —          —    

Meals and entertainment

     (6,929      6,929        —          —    

Office and administration

     (139,309      139,309        —          —    

Professional fees

     (504,349      504,349        —          —    

Rent

     (36,597      36,597        —          —    

Repairs and maintenance

     (37,370      37,370        —          —    

Research and development

     (110,956      110,956        —          —    

Selling costs

     (347,481      347,481        —          —    

Share-based compensation

     (450,011      450,011        —          —    

Small tools and supplies

     (197,803      197,803        —          —    

Telephone and utilities

     (16,281      16,281        —          —    

Travel

     (35,294      35,294        —          —    

Wages and benefits

     (272,116      272,116        —          —    

General and administrative expense

     —          (1,335,815      —          (1,335,815

Marketing and investor relations expense

     —          (903,805      —          (903,805

Research and development expense

     —          (162,824      —          (162,824

Financing expense

     (147,333      —          (765,000      (912,333

Other expense

     —          (20,766      —          (20,766

 

29


The Very Good Food Company | Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

 

26.

Events after the reporting period

 

  a)

On July 2, 2021, the Company completed its bought deal prospectus offering (the “Offering”) consisting of 5,594,750 units of the Company (the “Units”) at a price of $3.70 per Unit for total gross proceeds of $20,700,575. Each Unit consisted of one common share in the capital of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase warrant (each whole warrant, a “Warrant”), with each Warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at a price of $4.60 per Warrant until January 2, 2023.

The Company paid a commission of $1,449,040 and 391,633 compensation warrants of the Company (the “Compensation Warrants”) being equal to 7% of the aggregate number of Units sold pursuant to the offering. Each Compensation Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one additional Unit of the Company (each a “Compensation Unit”) at a price of $3.70 per Compensation Unit until January 2, 2023. In addition, the Company also paid a corporate finance fee comprised of 30,000 Units to the agent.

 

  b)

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 109,400 common shares pursuant to the exercise of warrants with exercise prices ranging between of $1.51 and $2.00 per share for gross proceeds of $171,400.

 

  c)

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 86,166 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options with exercise prices ranging between $0.25 and $1.74 per share for gross proceeds of $46,374, of which $28,999 was received as at June 30, 2021.

 

  d)

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, the Company granted a total of 685,625 stock options. The stock options granted have an exercise price of $3.70 per share and expiry dates ranging between July 15, 2024, and July 15, 2026.

 

30


LOGO

The Very Good Food Company Inc. 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, BC, V5M 3T7 Canada 1.855.526.9254 hello@verygoodfood 213892-001 .com www.verygoodfood.com

 

Exhibit 4.6

 

LOGO

The Very Good Food Company | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

     2  

2021 HIGHLIGHTS

     3  

CORPORATE OVERVIEW

     5  

OUR STRATEGIC PROGRESS

     8  

OUTLOOK

     14  

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW

     15  

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

     15  

QUARTERLY RESULTS

     23  

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

     23  

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     28  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

     29  

RISKS AND UNCERTAINITIES

     29  


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

The following management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of the financial condition and results of operation of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (“VERY GOOD” or “the Company”), constitutes management’s review of the factors that affected the Company’s financial and operational performance for the three and six months period ended June 30, 2021.

The MD&A contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws in Canada. Statements containing forward-looking information are not historical facts but instead represent management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events or circumstances. Any such forward-looking information may be identified by words such as “proposed”, “expects”, “intends”, “may”, “will”, and similar expressions.

This forward-looking information includes, but is not limited to, statements relating to: the Company’s business strategy and growth plans; the Company’s capital expenditures and operations; the scale and timing of the anticipated production capacity increases at its production facilities; the continued strong and increasing demand for VERY GOOD’s products; the strength of VERY GOOD’s eCommerce platform and the number of its monthly subscribers; the timing for the launch of new product lines including the Butcher’s Select line and the benefits VERY GOOD expects to derive from any new product launches; the attributes of VERY GOOD’s products and their ability to compete; VERY GOOD’s US retail expansion, the potential for future expansion into retail and foodservice, and its plans to extend its global footprint; VERY GOOD’s acquisition strategy; and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on VERY GOOD’s business.

Forward-looking information is based on the Company’s opinions, estimates and assumptions in light of its experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company currently believes are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances. Despite a careful process to prepare and review the forward-looking information, there can be no assurance that the underlying opinions, estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct.

Certain assumptions in respect of the impact of COVID-19; no material deterioration in general business and economic conditions; no material fluctuations of interest rates and foreign exchange rates; continued strong demand for VERY GOOD’s products; the successful placement of VERY GOOD’s products in retail stores and strong e-Commerce growth; the availability of sufficient financing on reasonable terms to fund VERYGOOD’s capital and operating requirements, VERYGOOD’s ability to successfully enter new markets and manage its international expansion, VERYGOOD’s ability to increase production capacity and obtain the necessary production equipment, the availability of labour as well as the accuracy of construction schedules and cost estimates for the commissioning of production lines at VERYGOOD’s Rupert and Patterson facilities and the timely receipt of required permits, VERYGOOD’s relationship with its suppliers, distributors and third-party logistics providers, and the Company’s ability to position VERYGOOD competitively, are all material assumptions made in preparing forward-looking information and management’s expectations.

Forward-looking information is based on a number of opinions, estimates and assumptions that we considered appropriate and reasonable as of the date such statements are made and is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those set forth in VERY GOOD’s most recent Annual Information Form filed with Canadian securities regulatory authorities at www.sedar.com. If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the opinions, estimates or assumptions underlying the forward-looking information prove incorrect, actual results or future events might vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information.

The forward-looking information contained in this MD&A represents the Company’s expectations as of August 18, 2021 and is subject to change after such date. VERY GOOD disclaims any intent or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws.

 

2


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The following MD&A is intended to help the reader understand the financial condition and results of the operations of The Very Good Food Company Inc. and constitutes management’s review of the factors that affected the Company’s financial and operating performance for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. This MD&A has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, together with the notes thereto and the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 together with the notes thereto, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The results for the three and six months period ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Some of the financial measures we provide in this MD&A are non-GAAP financial measures that have no standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, starting on page 15, for more information on the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations thereof.

All amounts in this MD&A are expressed in Canadian dollars, except where otherwise indicated. All references to “we”, “us” or “our” refer to the Company, together with its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis. The information contained in this MD&A, including forward-looking statements, is current as of August 18, 2021 unless otherwise stated.

Additional information regarding the Company is available on the SEDAR website for Canadian regulatory filings at www.sedar.com and on the Company’s website at www.verygoodfood.com.

Q2 2021 HIGHLIGHTS

We use certain operational and financial metrics to measure our performance. These key metrics are highlighted below:

Operational Metrics

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
     Three months
ended

March 31,
     Three months
ended

June 30,
     Six months
ended

June 30,
     Six months
ended

June 30,
 
     2021      2021      2020      2021      2020  

For the period ended:

              

Production volume sold by channel (units)

              

eCommerce

     216,121        198,170        92,381        414,291        113,939  

Wholesale

     91,624        67,532        40,488        159,156        61,829  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     307,745        265,702        132,869        573,447        175,768  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Number of eCommerce orders

     24,025        23,181        11,194        47,206        13,635  

As at period end:

              

Number of product SKUs manufactured

     20        19        13        20        13  

Number of wholesale distribution points(1)

     1,869        1,356        757        1,869        757  

 

(1) 

Wholesale distribution points are defined as the number of retail stores multiplied by the number of SKUs.

 

3


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Financial Highlights

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
    Three months
ended

March 31,(2)
    Three months
ended

June 30,
    Six months
ended

June 30,
    Six months
ended

June 30,
 
     2021     2021     2020     2021     2020  

Revenue by channel

          

eCommerce

   $ 2,206,403     $ 2,185,095     $ 846,134     $ 4,391,497     $ 964,642  

Wholesale

     455,055       345,905       169,859       800,960       274,771  

Butcher Shop, Restaurant and Other

     119,223       112,083       71,797       231,307       186,929  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 2,780,681     $ 2,643,083     $ 1,087,790     $ 5,423,764     $ 1,426,342  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross Profit(1)

   $ 677,859     $ 590,837     $ 396,995     $ 1,268,696     $ 278,495  

Adjusted Gross Profit(1)

   $ 1,079,490     $ 979,008     $ 468,570     $ 2,058,496     $ 453,584  

Gross Margin(1)

     24     22     36     23     20

Adjusted Gross Margin(1)

     39     37     43     38     32

Net Loss

   $ (12,500,733   $ (15,028,576   $ (2,418,655   $ (27,529,309   $ (3,548,641

Adjusted EBITDA net loss(1)

   $ (5,673,109   $ (5,391,936   $ (1,197,813   $ (11,065,045   $ (1,926,256

Loss per share – basic and diluted

   $ (0.13   $ (0.15   $ (0.05   $ (0.28   $ (0.07

Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic and diluted

     97,603,729       97,156,969       49,259,877       97,381,583       47,404,458  

 

(1) 

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” starting on page 15 for more information on non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations thereof.

(2) 

Certain operating expenses such as share-based compensation and wages from the March 31, 2021 period has been reclassified to conform to the change in presentation of expenditures adopted by the Company, which changed the Gross Profit from $534,120 to $590,837, Gross Margin from 20% to 22%, the Adjusted Gross Profit from $953,372 to $979,008, and the Adjusted Gross Margin from 30% to 37%.

OUR BUSINESS

The Very Good Food Company Inc. is an emerging plant-based food technology company that designs, develops, produces, distributes and sells a variety of plant-based meat, cheese and other food alternatives.

The Company was incorporated on December 27, 2016, under the laws of the province of British Columbia, Canada under its original name The Very Good Butchers Inc. The Company changed its name to The Very Good Food Company Inc. on October 1, 2019. Our head office is located at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, British Columbia (“BC”), V5M 3T7; registered and records office are located at 800 – 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6C 3H1.

The Company’s shares commenced trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “CSE”) under the symbol “VERY” on June 18, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s shares began trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (the “FSE”) under the symbol “0SI” and on the OTC QB Market (the “OTCQB”) under the symbol “VRYYF” effective July 27, 2020 and October 14, 2020, respectively.

Effective March 17, 2021, the Company ceased trading on the CSE and commenced trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSXV”) under the symbol “VERY.V”.

 

4


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

CORPORATE OVERVIEW

 

LOGO

Our Business Model

As at June 30, 2021, the Company’s product portfolio consisted of 20 products: 14 products developed under The Very Good Butchers brand and 6 products developed under The Very Good Cheese Co. brand. As at June 30, 2021, our products were produced in three of our four leased facilities located in Victoria, Vancouver and Esquimalt, BC in Canada. As part of our strategy, we continue to focus on expanding our product portfolio and the number of production facilities – see “Our Strategic Progress” section for further details.

We distribute and sell our products in 10 provinces and three territories in Canada and 50 states in the US through three main revenue channels: (1) eCommerce, (2) Wholesale (including Food Service) and (3) the Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship store (collectively, the “Distribution Network”) as described below.

 

(1)

eCommerce – Our eCommerce Store, accessible through the Company’s website and Amazon US, sells VERY GOOD’s products both individually and in boxed sets, along with a small variety of third-party products that complement our core offerings. In addition, we offer a monthly subscription service which allows customers to receive monthly boxed sets at a discount over a select period of time. As at June 30, 2021, the Company had over 2,028 active subscribers across Canada and in the US compared to 800 active subscribers at the end of fiscal 2020.

eCommerce sales allow us to capitalize on demand by shipping products directly to consumers and transforming demand into a recurring income stream via reorders. For the three and six months period ending June 30, 2021, the Company shipped 24,025 and 47,206 eCommerce orders respectively which represents 115% and 246% of the total eCommerce orders processed in the three and six months ending June 30, 2020. The Company monitors weekly orders versus inventory on hand and manages marketing efforts in lock step with production capacity.

 

   Six months ended
eCommerce   

June 30, 2021

$4,391,497

  

June 30, 2020

$964,642

 

5


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

(2)

Wholesale – VERY GOOD has experienced strong demand for its products in the wholesale channel and continues to market its products to a number of large retailers in both Canada and the US. As at June 30, 2021, these Wholesale Accounts include national grocery store chains including, but not limited to, Whole Foods Markets, Thrifty Foods (Sobeys), Fresh St. Market, Choices Markets, IGA, and Farmboy; as well as smaller independent grocers. In the US, the Wholesale Accounts include Erewhon, Harmons and GTFO It’s Vegan, an online retailer. The Company had approximately 1,869 retail distribution points in Canada in 432 stores (the “Wholesale Accounts”) as at June 30, 2021. See “Our Strategic Progress” section for further details.

 

   Six months ended
Wholesale   

June 30, 2021

$800,960

  

June 30, 2020

$274,771

 

(3)

Butcher Shop & Restaurant Flagship Store – The Butcher Shop & Restaurant located in Victoria, BC is the brick and mortar of our distribution network. Designed as a flagship store to showcase our products, serve as a test kitchen and be utilized as a key marketing and branding tool. The Butcher Shop & Restaurant also retails a small offering of plant-based dairy and cheese alternatives made by local artisan companies. Our second flagship store, based in Vancouver, BC (“Mount Pleasant”), is scheduled to open later in the fourth quarter of 2021. See “Our Strategic Progress” section for further details.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is grounded in our mission and purpose, our pride in establishing and maintaining strong relationships with our customers through differentiated products, and our commitment to long-term profitable growth.

Our key strategic choices position us to create competitive advantages by offering the right mix of products, creating strong customer awareness and engagement, implementing reliable production at scale, while optimizing our geographic reach and fulfilment:

 

6


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Scale production and

distribution

  

Strengthen brand

awareness

and consumer

engagement

  

Launch new products

and gain market share

  

Global expansion

•  Build operational scalability and expand production competencies to meet consumer demand

 

•  Increase distribution capabilities to drive greater market share capture across Canada and the US

 

•  Expand into US retail increasing the number of distribution points

  

•  Deepen brand awareness by encouraging people to consciously make lifestyle choices that affect and contribute to their wellbeing and that of the planet

 

•  Own consumer relationships by providing the right mix of products at the right price, in the right channels, supported by a brand purpose that consumers can embrace

  

•  Capitalize on strong R&D capabilities and specialized knowledge of plant-based protein ingredients to expand our range of innovative and delicious product portfolio with a wholesome nutritional profile

 

•  Invest in technology to support growth and continued development of new innovative products

 

•  Maximize SKUs and sales velocity of leading products in the market

  

•  Continue to expand in the Canadian and US markets with plans to launch products in the UK and Europe via eCommerce and retail

 

•  Execute on accretive acquisitions to further expand product categories and geographic regions

 

7


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

OUR STRATEGIC PROGRESS

Expanding Production Capacity

Increased production capacity enables us to start to meet the pent-up demand for our products, fulfill a larger number of eCommerce orders, expand our points of distribution within our wholesale network and take advantage of potential food service opportunities. Our ability to reliably produce enough product to consistently fulfill orders is an important factor in the recruitment of larger grocery chains.

As at June 30, 2021, VERY GOOD had four leased production facilities. Consistent with our growth strategy, we entered into two new food production facility leases during fiscal year 2020 for the Rupert Facility and the Patterson Facility, with the goal of ramping up our production capacity to meet growing demand and increasing the availability of our products to consumers not only in Canada and in the US, but also in Europe. Through the acquisition of the The Cultured Nut Inc. (the “Cultured Nut”) in February 2021, VERY GOOD took over the lease of their existing production facility located in Esquimalt, BC (the “Fairview Facility”).

 

Rupert Facility

  

•  Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada

 

•  Size: 45,000 square feet

 

•  Potential annual production capacity: 37 million lbs

 

•  Number of production lines: 2

 

•  Estimated capital expenditure (including tenant improvements): C$20-25 million

 

•  Start date of food production: May 2021

Patterson Facility    

  

•  Location: Patterson, California, United States

 

•  Size: 25,000 square feet (with first right of refusal on an additional 25,000 square feet)

 

•  Potential annual production capacity: 98.5 million lbs

 

•  Number of production lines: 3-4

 

•  Expected capital expenditure: US$30-50 million

 

•  Expected start date of food production: latter part of 2021

Victoria Facility

  

•  Location: Victoria, BC, Canada

 

•  Size: 3,000 square feet

 

•  Potential annual production capacity: 1.375 million lbs

 

•  Commercial kitchen equipment

 

•  Start date of food production: 2019

Fairview Facility

  

•  Location: Esquimalt, BC, Canada

 

•  Size: 3,000 square feet

 

•  Potential annual production capacity: 500,000 lbs

 

•  Expected capital expenditures: C$0.5 million

 

•  Commercial kitchen equipment

 

•  Start date of food production: 2019

Rupert Facility

During the third quarter of 2020, a unique opportunity to address near-term demand was presented for an already built-out food production facility in Vancouver, BC (the “Rupert Facility”). The facility comprises approximately 45,000 square feet of production, refrigeration, warehousing, R&D and office space, and is expected to be capable of producing up to 37 million lbs of annualized product to be phased in this year. The Company took possession of the lease in January 2021.

 

8


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

VERY GOOD commissioned its first line of production (“Line 1”) in April 2021. Line 1 will initially produce 7+ SKUs of its popular The Very Good Butcher’s product line, including “The Very Good Burger”, “A Very British Banger”, “Pepperoni”, “Smokin’ Burger”, “Smokin’ Banger”, “Very Good Dog”, “The Very Good Steak”, which are already being sold in the market. The Company began testing these initial 7 SKUs in May 2021.

While the production of saleable product is now underway, during this testing phase, saleable product was manufactured in limited quantities in Q2 2021. Over the course of the next few months, the production team will continue to ramp up the production from Line 1 and will be targeting 40,000 lbs per day on average starting in Q4 2021; gradually increasing to an average of 60,000 lbs per day in early Q1 2022. This additional capacity will support the increasing demand for VERY GOOD’s products which have an average sales price of CDN$14 per lb in e-Commerce and CDN$7 per lb in wholesale.

The second production line at the Rupert Facility (“Line 2”) is planned to be commissioned in Q4 2021 with food production starting in early Q1 2022. Line 2 is expected to initially produce 6+ SKUs of our newly announced gluten-free and soy-free Butcher’s Select Line of plant-based meat alternatives meant to compete on taste and texture with the likes of some of our competitors. Select SKUS of the Butcher’s Select line will be available this summer online with the full suite hitting retailers’ shelves in the months to follow.

The commissioning of production lines at both the Rupert and Patterson facilities are experiencing some challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are experiencing delays in the receipt of production equipment from Europe from manufacturer and shipping setbacks. In both Vancouver and California, we are experiencing delays in hiring due to labour shortages as COVID restrictions lighten and businesses open again. We anticipate that these challenges will continue in the near-term and potentially slow the targeted ramp up planned to meet the fast-growing demand for our products in North America.

Patterson Facility

To support the expansion of our US operations and the introduction of new products into the market, VERY GOOD signed a lease on August 31, 2020, for a 25,000 square foot production facility, with the option to lease an additional 25,000 square feet, located in Patterson, California (the “Patterson Facility”).

The Patterson Facility is strategically located on the same property as one of the Company’s third-party logistics providers such that product can be delivered for distribution by way of a short-haul forklift at minimal cost and time in transit. The Patterson Facility is also located on key shipping routes for ground transportation to wholesale clients and is in close proximity to key suppliers.

The Patterson Facility can accommodate up to three to four production lines allowing for potential capacity of up to 98,500,000 lbs of product per year. In August 2021, the Company announced that food production will initially be launched in September 2021 on commercial-grade kitchen equipment in order to fast-track the production of Taco Stuff’er, one of the VER GOOD’s most in-demand SKUs, while the installation of the facility’s first major production line (“Line 1”) is underway for targeted completion in Q2 2022. Once commissioned, Patterson’s Line 1 will produce The Very Good Butchers’ various unique products which have not yet been scaled, including the popular Holiday roast “The Stuffed Beast” and the jackfruit based “Ribz”, and will have the capability to make the brand’s original suite of products. The production of Taco Stuff’er will also be transitioned to Line 1 once commissioned, which is expected to produce an average of 27 million lbs of product per year when fully operational.

Victoria Facility

The Victoria Facility will continue to produce our existing SKUs as well as focus on producing any new product in development at a low scale to test in the market. In May 2021, the Company announced the achievement of a new production target at its Victoria Facility resulting in an increase in weekly production volume from 20,000 lbs at the end of fiscal 2020 to approximately 24,000 lbs per week due to the addition of new equipment and production labour.

 

9


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Fairview Facility

Through the acquisition of The Cultured Nut, VERY GOOD took over the lease of the Fairview Facility located in Esquimalt, BC. The Company is currently scaling production to 500,000 lbs per year, the equivalent of 130,000 units per month through tenant improvements and the addition of capital equipment as well as enhancing operational process flow. The Fairview Facility will continue to produce the Cultured Nut’s existing SKUs as well as other plant-based cheese products in development. The Cultured Nut’s top 5 products has been rebranded to The Very Good Cheese Co. and was launched in June 2021 through VERY GOOD’s eCommerce and will be relaunched in its wholesale distribution channel in Q4 2021 in Canada with US wholesale starting in Q1 2022.

Developing Innovative Products

We have a team of scientists and food technology experts in Vancouver working on developing innovative new plant-based products and continuously improving the taste and texture of our product lines.

VERY GOOD recently announced its new gluten-free and soy-free Butcher’s Select product line in July 2021. The Butcher’s Select product range comprises of premium line of extra meaty artisanal meats made with real, minimally processed ingredients, including pea protein, navy beans, chickpeas, garlic, onion, hemp seeds and organic peppers. This premium line of sausages, burgers and meatballs is gluten-free, soy-free, and will be Non-GMO verified.

With more consumers interested in plant-based products due to a focus on healthier and more sustainable habits, more than half of US households are now purchasing plant-based foods. According to SPINS data released by the Good Food Institute and the Plant Based Foods Association in April 6, 2021, plant-based meat sales have outpaced conventional animal product sales for the third consecutive year1. The Butcher’s Select line will not only appeal to households interested in a more plant-based diet but also extends the Company’s consumer base to the estimated 30% of Americans who avoid gluten.

Butcher’s Select is made with real, minimally processed ingredients, and is a ‘cut above’ other plant-based meats currently available. The new product line will diversify VERY GOOD’s portfolio of plant-based meats and position The Very Good Butchers brand in the alternative meat substitute category where products are created to directly simulate their animal-based counterparts and which has been largely dominated by Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods. The products pack an extra meaty taste and texture and will be available through a limited release on VERY GOOD’s eCommerce platform www.verygoodbutchers.com this month with a retail rollout across North America to follow.

On May 12, 2021, VERY GOOD announced its new brand, The Very Good Cheese Co., and its lineup of five new plant-based cheese products. These new SKUs will initially consist of: “Bold Cheddah”, a white cheddar style vegan cheese; “Cheedah”, a medium cheddar style vegan cheese; “Dill’ish”, a garlic and dill-havarti style vegan cheese; “Goud AF*”, a smoky gouda style vegan cheese; “Pepper Jack”, a monterey jack style vegan cheese and “Sharp and Sassy”, a sharp flavor white cheddar style vegan cheese. The Very Good Cheese Co. products were made available in the US and Canada in June 2021 through the Company’s eCommerce platforms and will be available in retail stores in Q4 2021.

These newly announced plant-based cheeses follow the Company’s completed acquisition of The Cultured Nut Inc., a popular artisan vegan cheese producer known for its block-style cheeses. This accelerated brand launch is a key milestone in VERY GOOD’s growth strategy focused on building an expansive plant-based product portfolio through a combination of organic development and strategic acquisitions.

 

1 

Per new data released April 6, 2021 by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) and The Good Food Institute (GFI) https://gfi.org/press/plant-based-food-retail-sales-grow-27-percent-to-reach-7-billion-in-2020/

 

10


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

The new dairy-free, plant-based cheese products have already been tested in the market, receiving highly positive feedback from consumers. They join VERY GOOD’s growing portfolio of 14+ plant-based food options, including The Very Good Butchers’ Very Good Pepperoni and Very Good Dog launched last year.

Expansion of Wholesale Distribution

We continue our efforts to expand our Canadian wholesale distribution points during part of our strategic focus to meet demand and increase customer awareness resulting in revenue growth.

Wholesale retail distribution in the US is a key component of our 2021 growth strategy. During the second quarter of 2021, VERY GOOD entered into a new partnership with Boulder, Colorado-based natural food and beverage brokerage, Green Spoon Sales (“Green Spoon”), to accelerate the Company’s reach into grocery and retail across the US In May 2021, VERY GOOD signed on with the US distribution arm of United Natural Foods (“UNFI”), the largest publicly traded wholesale distributor of health and specialty food in North America. The Company previously entered into a distribution partnership with UNFI Canada during the fourth quarter of 2020. Later in the second quarter, the Company announced a wholesale distribution agreement with KeHE Distributors, LLC (“KeHE”) a top pure play US wholesale food distributor of natural, organic, speciality and fresh food brands across North America. The partnerships with Green Spoon, UNFI and KeHe are poised to significantly boost VERY GOOD’s wholesale retail distribution in the US lock step with the ramp up of production at the Rupert Facility. These valued distribution partners have relationships with major grocers including Harmons Grocery, Erewhon Organic Grocer, Sprouts Farmers Market, Whole Foods, Thrive Market and Associated Food Stores.

During the second quarter of 2021, VERY GOOD continued its coast-to-coast expansion in Canada through its new wholesale distribution partnership with Horizon Grocery + Wellness, where the Company signed on with Save-On-Foods, Canada’s largest Western-based grocery retailer, to carry The Very Good Butchers suite of products in 184 of its retail stores across Canada. Save-on-Foods is the owner of several well-established banners including its namesake Save-On-Foods stores as well as PriceSmart Foods, Urban Fare and Bulkley Valley Wholesale. Save-on-Foods will stock its shelves with The Very Good Butchers’ top 5 SKUs including The Very Good Burger, Smokin’ Bangers, Taco Stuff’er, Very Good Pepperoni and the Very Good Dog in 177 of its retail stores and 7 Urban Fare locations across Canada starting August 1, 2021. This brought the number of retail stores carrying The Very Good Butchers products in Canada as at June 30, 2021, to 573 stores.

In August 2021, the Company announced that it is now present in 754 stores across North America with more than 100+ stores in the US set to carry VERY GOOD’s suite of products under its core brand, The Very Good Butchers.

We expect to be on the shelves of many more stores by the end of the year, but more so in the first quarter of 2022, after major retailers’ fall 2021 product category review periods. Retailers have set periods in their annual calendars, called product category review periods, where new entrants into their stores are considered. Food suppliers, such as VERY GOOD, present their innovative products along samples, marketing materials and suggested pricing to have their SKUs selected by the retailers. For major retailers, the next product category review period is this fall for entry onto their shelves in Q1 2022.

Expansion of eCommerce

In June 2021, the Company launched an Amazon US storefront. US-based customers now have access to the Company’s popular bean-based products through their well-known Butcher Boxes which include some of The Very Good Butchers best sellers such as Very Good Pepperoni, The Very British Banger, The Very Good Burger and the Taco Stuff’er. VERY GOOD’s Butcher boxes will also be available through Amazon’s app making it even easier for consumers to order its delicious products.

In August 2021, the Company launched its UK eCommerce website allowing UK-based customers to order VERY GOOD’S Butcher Boxes. Consumer demand for plant-based foods is growing at a rapid pace in the U.K. Google Trends listed the UK as the number one growing country searching veganism; and a recent survey conducted by Finder shows that the number of vegans increased by 40% in 2020. The Very Good Butchers is

 

11


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

on a mission to make plant-based foods not only nutritious and delicious, but approachable and accessible across the globe.

Since the privacy updates implemented by Apple in April 2021 and the changes Facebook made to their advertising tools shortly after, the data collection features used by advertisers have become less effective. As a result, VERY GOOD, along with other direct to consumer businesses, have been limited in the ways we can target consumers and measure the success of specific ad campaigns. The cost of digital marketing initiatives also continues to rise with the lightning of COVID restrictions and as more businesses come back online. Even with these rapidly shifting changes in policies and the marketing environment, we continue to steadily grow our eCommerce channel quarter over quarter in 2021.

Food Services and Meal Kit Services

Entering the food service industry and meal kit category is a natural growth opportunity for VERY GOOD as the brand continues to earn positive recognition and see significant demand from retailers, distributors and consumers.

The Company announced in June 2021 that it has partnered with Vancouver-based homegrown meal kit company, Fresh Prep, to add VERY GOOD’s innovative plant-based food products to its extensive menu of recipes and meal kits. The partnership with Fresh Prep marks VERY GOOD’s entry into the food service and meal kit space representing the latest milestone in its growth strategy, which focuses on making its diversified line of minimally processed, high-quality plant-based foods easily accessible to its growing consumer base. Fresh Prep is Canada’s most sustainable meal kit company with more than 75% of ingredients and add-on items supplied by local companies. VERY GOOD’s popular The Very Good Burger, Smokin’ Burger, and Smokin’ Bangers will be a part of Fresh Prep’s add-on menu, and will be marketed along with their BBQ kits and other summer grilling campaigns.

Subsequently, in June 2021, VERY GOOD entered into an arrangement with Copper Branch, the world’s largest plant-based restaurant franchise with over 40 locations across North America. Copper Branch will make The Very Good Butchers’ delicious and nutritious plant-based products available to its customers to purchase from branded in-store freezers. The quick service chain will initially set up the branded freezers in eight Copper Branch locations across Canada starting this summer. This partnership marks VERY GOOD’s second step into the North American food service industry.

Strategic Acquisitions

Our acquisition strategy centers on assessing selective complementary assets with new superior product offerings creating the right mix of products for our customers, generating strong brand awareness, manufacturing or distribution capabilities, with North American or European footholds and the opportunity for large upside potential.

On February 24, 2021, in line with our M&A strategy, the Company completed the acquisition of The Cultured Nut Inc., a highly popular artisan vegan cheese producer on the West Coast of Canada with current sales distribution in several online and grocery retailers including select Whole Foods Market stores. The Company rebranded Cultured Nut’s product line under a new brand called The Very Good Cheese Co. which was launched in June 2021 and are available via eCommerce in the US and Canada with a planned retail rollout in the latter part of the year. This marks the first accretive acquisition for VERY GOOD at a time when the plant-based industry is experiencing tremendous growth.

The acquisition of Cultured Nut was completed pursuant to a share purchase agreement with the shareholders of Cultured Nut for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000; comprised of an equity payment of $1,000,000 consisting of 139,676 VERY GOOD common shares at a deemed price of approximately C$7.16 per share and a cash portion of $2,000,000 of which $1,000,000 is contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of The Cultured Nut’s business over a 12-month period.

 

12


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

On March 15, 2021, VERY GOOD completed the strategic acquisition of the Lloyd-James Marketing Group Inc. (“Lloyd-James”), a boutique wholesale and food service broker specializing in the plant-based food industry with a history of placement in large natural, speciality and conventional grocery retailers such as Sobeys, Metro, Loblaws and Walmart. Since 2019, Lloyd-James has played an integral role in the development of VERY GOOD’s retail distribution network into retailers such as Whole Foods Market, Sobeys, The Pattison Group and several others.

The acquisition of Lloyd-James was completed pursuant to a share purchase agreement with the sole shareholder of Lloyd-James for an aggregate purchase price of $1,075,000; comprised of an equity payment of $400,000 consisting of 62,329 VERY GOOD common shares at a deemed price of approximately $6.42 per share and a cash portion of $675,000 of which $350,000 is contingent on the successful achievement of certain milestones related to the achievement of specific sales targets during the fiscal period ended 2021.

Strategic Warehousing and Logistics Partnerships

Establishing hubs across North America is a critical step in building a scalable eCommerce business, reducing shipping costs, and enhancing customer relationships through faster delivery times. In the latter part of 2020, the Company signed agreements with three strategically located third party logistics providers (“3PL”) in North America to increase speed of delivery to customers and reduce associated shipping costs for its eCommerce orders. The 3PL facilities’ centralized locations provide VERY GOOD with the capabilities of reaching anywhere in North America in 2-3 days via ground transportation. All three providers pick, pack and ship for our eCommerce orders and wholesale palletize for retail orders.

With the launch of our UK eCommerce platform in August 2021, the Company announced a distribution partnership with Peter Green Chilled, a leading 3PL logistics provider with over 19,000 points of distribution throughout the UK and Europe, to support the Company’s UK eCommerce launch in August 2021. Peter Green Chilled will be our Importer of Record to help distribute the Company’s delicious and wholesome plant-based products first in the UK, and then, Europe. Peter Green Chilled offers a full complement of 3PL logistics services including importing, customs clearance, warehousing and transportation of food products throughout the UK and Europe. We are currently exploring 3PL partnerships in Europe with plans to launch an online platform in the European Union late in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Victoria Flagship Store

In January 2021, we announced the launch of a new flagship Butcher Shop & Restaurant located in downtown Victoria, BC. The new flagship restaurant will have an outdoor patio and a larger footprint than our current butcher shop located in the Victoria Public Market and will accommodate a higher volume of customers while maintaining COVID-19 pandemic social distancing protocols. This Butcher Shop & Restaurant will be a template for the opening of additional flagship stores across strategic cities in North America. Improvements are underway and the new butcher shop is tentatively scheduled for an official opening late in the third quarter. There could be possible delays in opening due to the demand for tradespeople increasing as businesses start to operate again from the lightening of COVID-19 restrictions.

Mount Pleasant Flagship Store and R&D Innovation Centre

In January 2020, the Company signed a lease for an approximately 14,000 square feet space in Vancouver’s Mount Pleasant district and took possession on September 1, 2020. Mount Pleasant will be our second flagship store with a retail front featuring our Butcher Shop & Restaurant concept including a test kitchen and R&D innovation centre. The R&D innovation centre will include a smaller production line which will be used to test new products and produce product for sale. This investment in product innovation and development will allow for the rapid introduction of new creative products into the market in line with our growth strategy.

The design and layout for Mount Pleasant have been finalized. The Company is working with the City of Vancouver on the construction permits required. We anticipate welcoming our first customers to the Mount Pleasant flagship store in the fourth quarter of 2021.

 

13


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

The Mount Pleasant Flagship Store will be our second Butcher Shop & Restaurant, with the first located in Victoria, BC. We believe these flagship stores are key marketing and branding tools which allow new consumers to sample our products.

Financings

On June 7, 2021, the Company announced that it has entered into a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Waygar Capital Inc. (“Waygar Capital” or the “Agent”), as agent for Ninepoint Canadian Senior Debt Master Fund L.P. (“Ninepoint Partners” or the “Lender”). The Credit Facility consists of a C$20 million revolving line of credit and a C$50 million senior secured asset backed term loan. All amounts drawn are subject to specific borrowing requirements and under the Credit Facility will pay interest at a rate of 9.95% per annum and will be repaid in full upon maturity. The Credit Facility has a term of 24 months with an option to renew, upon mutual consent, for another 12 months and is secured by a first-priority security interest on substantially all of VERY GOOD’s assets (refer to Note 12 of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements). The amount we may draw under the term loan at any given time is tied to a prescribed proportion of the appraised value of our eligible equipment from time to time. Only certain equipment may be financed, and no value is given for equipment installation costs. As of June 30, 2021, the Company received total net proceeds of $1,891,092 from the Credit Facility.

On July 2, 2021, the Company completed its bought deal prospectus offering (the “Offering”) consisting of 5,594,750 units of the Company’s common shares (the “Units”) at a price of $3.70 per unit for total gross proceeds of $20,700,575. Each Unit consisted of one common share in the capital of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase warrants (each whole warrant, a “Warrant”), with each Warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at a price of $4.60 per Warrant until January 2, 2023.

OUTLOOK

There are no changes to the outlook disclosed in the 2020 Annual MD&A.

COVID-19

Along with businesses globally, VERY GOOD is subject to the continuing risk that COVID-19, and its current and/or any future variants, may impact our results of operations or financial condition through disruptions to our operations including as a result of temporary production suspensions at our production facilities, production ramp-up delays, interruptions in our supply chain and distribution network, or new indoor dining restrictions at our Victoria Flagship Store

We continue to utilize and refine our safety protocols to ensure the health and wellness of our employees which include the use of personal protective equipment and physical distancing initiatives to reduce risk within our facilities and mitigate the direct impacts of COVID-19. However, during the second quarter ended June 30, 2021, our operations were affected by indirect impacts of the pandemic through delays in the delivery of production equipment as well as a tightening of the local labour markets in the areas surrounding our Rupert and Patterson facilities which made it more challenging to secure the personnel needed to staff up operations. Taken together these developments, if prolonged, may slow our targeted ramp-up. In addition, our Victoria Flagship Store had curtailed operations for a significant portion of the quarter due to government mandated closures for in-restaurant dining which were in effect until late May.

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on future periods will depend on future developments, all which are uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the duration or resurgence of the pandemic, government responses and health and safety measures or directives put in place by public health authorities, and sustained pressure on global supply chains causing supply and demand imbalances.

 

14


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW

Selected Financial Information

 

     Three months
ended
June 30,
    Three months
ended
March 31,(2)
    Three months
ended
June 30,
    Six months
ended
June 30,
    Six months
ended
June 30,
 
     2021     2021     2020     2021     2020  

Revenue

   $ 2,780,681     $ 2,643,083     $ 1,087,790     $ 5,423,764     $ 1,426,342  

Procurement expense

     (2,102,822     (2,052,246     (690,795     (4,155,068     (1,147,847
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit(1)

   $ 677,859     $ 590,837     $ 396,995     $ 1,268,696     $ 278,495  

Gross margin (1)

     24     22     36     23     20

Fulfilment expense

     (2,045,714     (1,982,895     (415,134     (4,028,609     (491,593

General and administrative expense

     (6,834,880     (9,574,557     (723,599     (16,409,437     (1,335,815

Marketing and investor relations expense

     (2,579,656     (2,146,345     (740,231     (4,726,001     (903,805

Research and development expense

     (515,965     (366,020     (65,074     (881,985     (162,824

Pre-production expense

     (656,288     (885,535     —         (1,541,823     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (11,954,644     (14,364,515     (1,547,043     (26,319,159     (2,615,542

Finance expense

     (405,947     (357,030     (854,346     (762,977     (912,333

Other expense

     (140,142     (307,031     (17,266     (447,173     (20,766
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (12,500,733   $ (15,028,576   $ (2,418,655   $ (27,529,309   $ (3,548,641
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted gross profit(1)

   $ 1,079,490     $ 979,008     $ 468,570     $ 2,058,496     $ 453,584  

Adjusted gross margin(1)

     39     37     43     38     32

Adjusted general and administrative expense(1)

   $ 2,208,555     $ 2,200,836     $ 497,697     $ 4,409,390     $ 863,232  

Adjusted EBITDA loss(1)

   $ (5,673,109   $ (5,391,936   $ (1,197,813   $ (11,065,045   $ (1,926,256

 

(1) 

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” starting on page 15 for more information on non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations thereof.

(2) 

Certain operating expenses from the March 31, 2021 period had been reclassified to conform to the change in presentation of expenditures adopted by the Company. A total of $948,431 from general and administrative expenses and $56,717 from procurement expense mainly related to share-based compensation and wages were reclassified, of which $562,068 were reclassified to fulfilment expense, $400,027 were reclassified to marketing and investor relations expense, and $43,052 were reclassified to pre-production expense. There was no impact to the net loss as reported in March 31, 2021.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Non-GAAP financial measures are metrics used by management that does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.

 

15


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Adjusted EBITDA

Management defines adjusted EBITDA as net loss before finance expense, tax, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation and other one-time and non-cash items. Management believes adjusted EBITDA is a useful financial metric to assess its operating performance.

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
    Three months
ended
March 31,
    Three months
ended

June 30,
    Six months
ended
June 30,
    Six months
ended
June 30,
 
     2021     2021     2020     2021     2020  

Net loss as reported

   $ (12,500,733   $ (15,028,576   $ (2,418,655   $ (27,529,309   $ (3,548,641

Adjustments:

          

Depreciation

     512,168       329,484       104,089       841,652       154,717  

Loss on disposal of equipment

     2,679       19,882       —         22,561       –    

Gain on termination of lease

     (239     (1,361     —         (1,600     –    

Finance expense

     402,432       361,750       89,346       764,182       147,333  

Share-based compensation

     5,835,989       8,774,009       172,083       14,609,998       450,011  

Shares, units and warrants issued for services

     74,595       152,876       90,324       227,471       105,324  

Loss on settlement of debt

     —         —         765,000       —         765,000  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA loss

   $ (5,673,109   $ (5,391,936   $ (1,197,813   $ (11,065,045   $ (1,926,256

Gross profit and adjusted gross profit

Management utilizes adjusted gross profit to provide a representation of performance in the period by excluding the non-cash impact of share-based compensation recognized in procurement expense during the period as well as The Butcher Shop & Restaurant related procurement costs. Management believes adjusted gross profit provides useful information as it represents gross profit for management purposes based on cost to procure and manufacture the Company’s finished goods excluding any non-cash items.

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
    Three months
ended
March 31,(1)
    Three months
ended

June 30,
    Six months
ended
June 30,
    Six months
ended
June 30,
 
     2021     2021     2020     2021     2020  

Revenue

   $ 2,780,681     $ 2,643,083     $ 1,087,790     $ 5,423,764     $ 1,426,342  

Procurement expense

     (2,102,822     (2,052,246     (690,795     (4,155,068     (1,147,847
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

   $ 677,859     $ 590,837     $ 396,995     $ 1,268,696     $ 278,495  

Adjustments:

          

The Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense

     117,484       129,622       71,575       247,104       160,843  

Share-based compensation

     284,147       258,549       —         542,696       14,246  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted gross profit

   $ 1,079,490     $ 979,008     $ 468,570     $ 2,058,496     $ 453,584  

Adjusted gross margin

     39     37     43     38     32

 

(1) 

Certain operating expenses such as share-based compensation and wages from the March 31, 2021 period has been reclassified to conform to the change in presentation of expenditures adopted by the Company. As a result of the reclassification, procurement expense was changed from $2,108,963 to $2,052,246, and share-based compensation changed from $303,075 to $258,549. The gross profit, adjusted gross profit, and adjusted gross margin were updated accordingly.

 

16


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Adjusted general and administrative expense

Management defines adjusted general and administrative expense as general and administrative expense excluding non-cash items such as share-based compensation and depreciation expense. Management believes adjusted general and administrative expense provides useful information as it represents the corporate costs to operate the business excluding any non-cash items.

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
    Three months
ended
March 31,(1)
    Three months
ended

June 30,
    Six months
ended

June 30,
    Six months
ended

June 30,
 
     2021     2021     2020     2021     2020  

General and administrative expense

   $ (6,834,880   $ (9,574,557   $ (723,599   $ (16,409,437   $ (1,335,815

Adjustments:

          

Share-based compensation

     4,546,887       7,340,959       172,083       11,887,846       412,405  

Depreciation

     79,438       32,762       53,819       112,200       60,178  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted general and administrative expense

   $ (2,208,555   $ (2,200,836   $ (497,697   $ (4,409,391   $ (863,232

 

(1)

Certain operating expenses such as share-based compensation and wages from the March 31, 2021 period had been reclassified to conform to the change in presentation of expenditures adopted by the Company, which changed general and administrative expense from $10,522,987 to $9,574,356, share based compensation from $8,067,970 to $7,340,959 and adjusted general and administrative expense from $2,422,255 to $2,200,835.

Revenue

Revenue by geographic region

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
     Three months
ended

March 31,
     Three months
ended

June 30,
     Six months
ended
June 30,
     Six months
ended
June 30,
 
     2021      2021      2020      2021      2020  

Canada

   $ 1,559,674      $ 1,357,359      $ 1,087,790      $ 2,917,033      $ 1,426,342  

United States

     1,221,007        1,285,724        —          2,506,731        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 2,780,681      $ 2,643,083      $ 1,087,790      $ 5,423,764      $ 1,426,342  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Revenue by channel

 

     Three months
ended

June 30,
     Three months
ended

March 31,
     Three months
ended

June 30,
     Six months
ended

June 30,
     Six months
ended

June 30,
 
     2021      2021      2020      2021      2020  

eCommerce

   $ 2,206,403      $ 2,185,095      $ 846,134      $ 4,391,497      $ 964,642  

Wholesale and Meal Prep

     455,055        345,905        169,859        800,960        274,771  

Butcher Shop & Restaurant and Other

     119,223        112,083        71,797        231,307        186,929  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 2,780,681      $ 2,643,083      $ 1,087,790      $ 5,423,764      $ 1,426,342  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

Revenue increased $137,598 (5%) to $2,780,681 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $2,643,083 in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. This increase was mainly due to higher Canadian wholesale revenue of $109,150 due to the Company’s scaling of production and distribution to meet demand. Overall, wholesale distribution points increased to 1,869 (37%) in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 1,356 in the previous quarter primarily due to new wholesale partnership agreements signed including Horizon Grocery + Wellness,

 

17


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

UNFI USA and KeHE. The Company expects to continue to expand its reach to more grocery stores in both Canada and US in the third quarter of 2021.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Revenue increased $1,692,891 (156%) to $ 2,780,681 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $1,087,790 in the same period in fiscal 2020. The growth in revenue was primarily driven by an increase of $1,360,269 in eCommerce sales and $285,196 in wholesale revenue due to the Company’s scaling of production and distribution to meet demand in both sales channels. Of the increase in eCommerce revenue, $1,221,007 was attributed to US sales with the introduction of the Company’s US website in the third quarter of 2020.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Revenue increased $3,997,422 (280%) to $5,423,764 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $1,426,342 in the same period in fiscal 2020. The growth in revenue was primarily driven by an increase of $3,426,855 in eCommerce sales and $526,189 in wholesale revenue due to the Company’s scaling of production and distribution to meet demand in both sales channels. Of the increase in eCommerce revenue, $2,506,731 was attributed to US sales with the introduction of the Company’s US website in the third quarter of 2020.

Procurement expense

Procurement expense consists of the cost of raw materials, supplies and inventory packaging, inbound shipping charges, employee wages and benefits, and other attributable overhead expenses incurred in the procurement and manufacturing of the Company’s finished goods. Procurement expense also includes expense associated with the Butcher Shop & Restaurant including food costs, direct labor and other attributable overhead expenses.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

Procurement expense increased $50,576 (2%) to $2,102,822 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $2,052,246 in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. The increase in procurement expense was due to the Company’s scaling of production and distribution to meet demand in both sales channels.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Procurement expense increased $1,412,027 (204%) to $2,102,822 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $690,795 in the same quarter in fiscal 2020. The increase in procurement expense was primarily driven by increased sales and the Company ramping up production to meet demand for its products as well as $284,147 in higher share-based compensation expense incurred for production employees.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Procurement expense increased $3,007,221 (262%) to $4,155,068 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $1,147,847 in the same period in fiscal 2020. The increase in procurement expense was primarily driven by higher sales and the Company ramping up production to meet demand for its products as well as $528,450 in higher share-based compensation expense incurred for production employees.

Gross profit and adjusted gross profit

Gross profit consists of revenue less procurement expense. Adjusted gross profit is a non-GAAP measure calculated as total revenue less procurement expense. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on page 15 for more information on management’s use of adjusted gross profit and a reconciliation thereof.

 

18


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

Gross profit was $677,859 or 24% of revenue in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $590,837 or 22% of revenue in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. Excluding the Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense and share-based compensation, adjusted gross profit was $1,079,490 or 39% of revenue in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $979,008 or 37% of revenue in the previous quarter of March 31, 2021. The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by increased sales volume achieved through maximizing the production footprint at the Victoria Facility.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Gross profit was $677,859 or 24% of revenue in the second quarter of 2021, compared to gross profit of $396,995 or 36% for the same period in fiscal 2020.

Excluding the Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense and share-based compensation, adjusted gross profit was $1,079,490 or 39% of revenue in the second quarter of 2021, compared to adjusted gross profit of $468,570 or 43% in the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in adjusted gross profit was primarily driven by the timing of certain procurement expenses recorded in the prior period.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Gross profit was $1,268,696 or 23% of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to gross profit of $278,495 or 20% for the same period in fiscal 2020.

Excluding the Butcher Shop & Restaurant procurement expense and share-based compensation, adjusted gross profit was $2,058,496 or 38% of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to adjusted gross profit of $453,584 or 32% in the same period of 2020. The improvement in adjusted gross profit was primarily driven by increased sales volume achieved through maximizing the production footprint at the Victoria Facility.

Fulfilment expense

Fulfilment expense represents third-party fulfilment costs for picking and packing of inventory into orders, fulfilment packaging costs, direct fulfilment labor, outbound shipping and freight costs, and warehousing and shipping fees for customer orders.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

Fulfilment expense increased $62,819 (3%) to $2,045,714 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $1,982,895 in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. Fulfilment expense increased mainly due to higher packaging costs from increased production to meet the demand of for eCommerce and wholesale orders. During the second quarter of 2021, VERY GOOD shipped 24,025 eCommerce orders compared to 23,181 in the previous quarter.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Fulfilment expense increased $1,630,580 (393%) to $2,045,714 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $415,134 in the same quarter in fiscal 2020. The increase in fulfilment expense was primarily driven by the ramp up of production and significantly higher eCommerce and wholesale sales orders. To support these efforts, the Company entered into agreements with three 3PL logistic service providers in Canada and the US to increase the production footprint at the Victoria Facility and improve order fulfilment speed. Fulfillment costs increased due to the processing of 24,025 eCommerce orders in the second quarter of 2021, compared to 11,194 in the same quarter in fiscal 2020.

 

19


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Fulfilment expense increased $3,537,016 (720%) to $4,028,609 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $491,593 in the same period in fiscal 2020. The increase in fulfilment expense was primarily driven by the ramp up of production and significantly higher eCommerce and wholesale sales orders. To support these efforts, the Company entered into agreements with three 3PL logistic service providers in Canada and the US to increase the production footprint at the Victoria Facility and improve order fulfilment speed. Fulfilment costs increased due to the processing of 47,206 eCommerce orders in the six months ended 2021, compared to 13,635 in the same period in fiscal 2020.

General and administrative expense and adjusted general and administrative expense

General and administrative expense are primarily comprised of administrative expenses, salaries, wages and benefits, including associated share-based compensation not directly associated with other functions, non-production rent expense, depreciation and amortization expense on non-production assets and other non-production operating expenses. Administrative expenses include the expenses related to management, accounting, legal, information technology, and other support functions.

Adjusted general and administrative expense is a non-GAAP measure calculated as total general and administrative expense less share-based compensation and depreciation. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on page 15 for more information on management’s use of adjusted general and administrative expense and a reconciliation thereof.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

General and administrative expense decreased $2,739,677 (29%) to $6,834,880 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $9,574,557 in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in general and administrative expense was primarily due to share-based compensation which was lower by $2,794,072 compared to the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021 as a portion of stock options grants to employees to create performance alignment with the aim of generating shareholder value had fully vested in Q1 2021.

Excluding share-based compensation and depreciation expense, adjusted general and administrative expense was relatively flat at $2,208,555 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $2,200,836 in the first quarter.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

General and administrative expense increased $6,111,281 (845%) to $6,834,880 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $723,599 in the same period in fiscal 2020. The growth in general and administrative expense was primarily due to share-based compensation which was higher by $4,374,804 compared to the same period in fiscal 2020 because of stock option grants to employees to create alignment with the aim of generating shareholder value, as well as increase of approximately $771,151 in wages and salaries related expenditures due to expansion of the management team to support planned growth. The Company also incurred additional accounting and legal, and general office expenses due to the higher volume of business activities.

Excluding share-based compensation and depreciation expense, adjusted general and administrative expense was $2,208,555 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $497,697 in the same period in fiscal 2020. Adjusted general and administrative expense increased $1,710,858 (344%) in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the same quarter in 2020 for the same reasons noted above.

 

20


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

General and administrative expense increased $15,073,622 (1,128%) to $16,409,437 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $1,335,815 in the same period in fiscal 2020. The growth in general and administrative expense was primarily due to share-based compensation which was higher by $11,475,441 compared to the same period in fiscal 2020 because of stock option grants to employees to create alignment with the aim of generating shareholder value as well as increase of approximately $1,629,000 in wages and salaries related expenditures due to expansion of the management team to support planned growth. The Company also incurred additional accounting and legal, and general office expenses due to the higher volume of business activities.

Excluding share-based compensation and depreciation expense, adjusted general and administrative expense was $4,409,390 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $863,232 in the same period in fiscal 2020. Adjusted general and administrative expense increased $3,546,159 (411%) in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 for the same reasons noted above.

Marketing and investor relations expense

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

Marketing and investor relations expense increased $433,311 (20%) to $2,579,656 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $2,146,345 in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. The increase in marketing and investor relations expense was mainly due to the increase in digital marketing initiatives to raise brand awareness and increase eCommerce traffic and conversion, as well as increase in share-based compensation and wages and salaries due to the expansion of the marketing team to support marketing initiatives.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Marketing and investor relations expense increased $1,839,425 (248%) to $2,579,656 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $740,231 in the same quarter in fiscal 2020 for the same reasons noted above.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Marketing and investor relations expense increased $3,822,196 (423%) to $4,726,001 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $903,805 in the same period in fiscal 2020 for the same reasons noted above.

Pre-production expense

Pre-production expense includes wages and benefits expense, right-of-use assets and property and equipment depreciation expense and other operating expense related to the commissioning of the Rupert Facility, the Patterson Facility, the Mount Pleasant and the newly located Victoria Flagship Stores which are not yet in operation. These pre-production expenses will be included as part of procurement expense once these sites are in operation.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021

Pre-production expense was $656,288 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $885,535 in the previous quarter ended March 31, 2021. The pre-production expense decreased $229,247 or 26% in the second quarter as compared to the first quarter as Rupert Facility has started producing limited salable product as of May 2021; therefore, decreasing certain pre-production costs as they are included in procurement expenses.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Pre-production expense was $656,288 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $nil in the same quarter in fiscal 2020 due to the Company not taking possession of the Rupert Facility until January 2021.

 

21


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Pre-production expense was $1,541,823 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $nil in the same period in fiscal 2020 for the same reason noted above.

Selected Financial Information

 

As at

   June 30,
2021
     December 31,
2020
 

Total assets

   $ 49,143,043      $ 35,182,597  

Total liabilities

     29,982,653        7,540,254  

Share capital

     44,848,614        39,335,150  

Total assets

Total assets increased to $49,143,043 as at June 30, 2021 from $35,182,597, as at December 31, 2020; primarily due to the increase in right-of-use assets of $12,374,157 of which $9,882,459 pertains to the Rupert Facility lease. Property and equipment increased by $5,047,138 mainly due to capital expenditures incurred for the commissioning of Line 1 of the Rupert Facility. In addition, prepaids and deposits increased by $4,042,381 primarily for security deposits on equipment purchased for the Rupert Facility. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company also recorded $3,479,535 in estimated goodwill related the acquisition of the Cultured Nut and Lloyd-James, subject to the finalization of the purchase price allocation, as well as $5,073,283 deferred financing cost related to Credit Facility from Waygar Capital. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $19,158,016 primarily for cash used in operating activities of $14,052,481 and investing activities of $8,281,414 related to the commissioning of the Rupert Facility and acquisitions, which were offset by cash provided by financing activities of $3,172,787 mainly from proceeds of loan payable and proceeds from exercise of warrants. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,926,067.

Total liabilities

Total liabilities increased to $29,982,653 as at June 30, 2021 from $7,540,254, as at December 31, 2020; primarily due to an increase of $12,542,197 in lease liabilities mainly pertaining to right-of-use assets including the Rupert Facility. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased $4,962,322 from the ramp-up of operations and financing cost related to the closing of the loan payable. The Company also recorded $1,048,000 in contingent consideration liabilities related the acquisition of The Cultured Nut and Lloyd-James and loan payable and other liabilities of $3,976,773.

Share Capital

Share capital increased to $44,848,614 at June 30, 2021, compared to $39,335,150 as at December 31, 2020; primarily due to $3,920,438 for the issuance of common shares and units for warrants exercised and $1,156,437 for common shares issued for the acquisition of The Cultured Nut and Lloyd-James.

 

22


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following table presents certain unaudited financial information for each of the eight quarters up to and including the quarter ended June 30, 2021. The information has been derived from our unaudited quarterly condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

 

     Three Months Ended  
     June 30,
2021
     March 31,
2021
     December 31,
2020
     September 30,
2020 (1)
 

Revenue

   $ 2,780,681      $ 2,643,083      $ 1,836,682      $ 1,373,814  

Net loss

   $ (12,500,733    $ (15,028,576    $ (5,813,132    $ (4,497,027

Comprehensive loss

   $ (12,496,272    $ (15,024,102    $ (5,806,392    $ (4,497,107

Loss per share (basic and diluted)

   $ (0.13    $ (0.15    $ (0.06    $ (0.06
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Number of eCommerce orders

     24,025        23,181        13,580        13,107  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     Three Months Ended  
     June 30,
2020
     March 31,
2020
     December 31,
2019
     September 30,
2019
 

Revenue

   $ 1,087,790      $ 338,552      $ 328,866      $ 229,921  

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (2,418,655    $ (1,129,986    $ (829,059    $ (1,030,739

Loss per share (basic and diluted)

   $ (0.05    $ (0.02    $ (0.02    $ (0.03
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Number of eCommerce orders

     11,194        2,441        1,511        416  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

The September 30, 2020 quarterly revenue has been restated to reflect adjustments made at December 31, 2020 to reclass sales discounts and promotions through various programs that was previously recorded as advertising and promotion expense to a reduction of revenue. The reclassification of expense has no impact to net loss and comprehensive loss for the quarter. As a result of the adjustments recorded, revenue for the three month period ended September 30, 2020 has decreased from $1,393,234 to $1,373,814.

Revenues have increased over the last eight quarters. The sales growth has been achieved in both the eCommerce and wholesale channels where we have seen a growing demand for our products online. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company started selling products through its US eCommerce website where we have seen further revenue growth. Furthermore, the Company made significant efforts to increase production capacity in the second half of 2020 and partnered with new 3PL providers that allowed for increased production footprint at the Victoria Facility, while the Rupert Facility is testing production and is producing saleable product effective May 2021. The increase in net loss and comprehensive loss is mainly attributed to the ramping up of production to support the distribution of the Company’s products as well as higher outbound shipping and 3PL logistic services due to the scaling of eCommerce and wholesale orders through marketing efforts. The Rupert Facility will continue to incur ramp-up and commissioning costs over the next few months as it continues to scale production and commission Line 2. The Company also incurred higher general and administration expense due to the hiring of employees for expansion and increased office expense, recruitment fees, information technology and licensing cost with the build out of the teams in both Victoria and Vancouver to support its next phase growth. Further fluctuations in net loss have been impacted by the timing and amount of share-base compensation expense related to the fair value of stock options and warrants granted. The Company expects to incur further losses in the development of its business and has significant capital projects planned. The continued operations are dependent on management’s ability to manage cost, raise additional equity or debt. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company has secured a Credit Facility to support its operations and capital purchases for expansion.

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Company’s primary objectives when managing capital is to maintain a capital structure that allows financing options to the Company in order to benefit from potential opportunities as they arise. The Company manages its capital structure and adjusts it based on the funds available to the Company in order to maintain existing operations and fund expansion opportunities. The Board of Directors does not establish quantitative return on

 

23


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

capital criteria for management, but rather relies on the expertise of the Company’s management to sustain future development of the business.

The Company is continually evaluating expansion opportunities both domestically and within certain international markets. Depending on the timing and scope of expansion opportunities identified by the Company, there will be a requirement for the investment of additional capital for the Company to continue to successfully execute on its growth strategy. Based on the ongoing analysis of potential growth opportunities, the Company is not able to currently quantify any specific non-committed future capital requirements.

The Company has historically relied on debt and more recently the equity markets to fund its activities. Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes that this approach, given the relative size of the Company, is reasonable to ensure optimal capital structure to reduce cost of capital.

The following table summarizes our cash flows as at June 30, 2021 and 2020:

 

     Six months ended June 30  
     2021      2020  

Operating activities

   $ (14,052,481    $ (1,224,546

Investing activities

     (8,281,414      (112,507

Financing activities

     3,172,787        4,440,269  

Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents

     3,092        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net changes in cash and cash equivalents

   $ (19,158,016    $ 3,103,216  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was $14,052,481 as a result of the net loss for the period of $27,529,309; partially offset by a change in non-cash expenses related to share-based compensation of $14,609,998, finance expense of $764,182, depreciation of $841,652, and shares and units issued for services of $227,471. During the comparative period ending June 30, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $1,224,546 as a result of the net loss for period of $3,548,641; partially offset by a change in non-cash working capital of $765,000 related to loss on settlement of debt, non-cash expenses related to share-based compensation of $450,011, shares and units issued for services of $105,324, finance expense of $147,333 and depreciation of $154,717.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was $8,281,414 primarily attributed to capital expenditures and leasehold improvements incurred for the commissioning of the Rupert Facility. In addition, the Company paid $1,250,000 for the acquisition of the Cultured Nut and Lloyd-James. During the comparative period ending June 30, 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $112,507 related to the restaurant and production equipment used in the Victoria Facility.

Financing activities

Net cash received from financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was $3,172,787 due to $2,262,957 received from proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options, $28,999 proceeds from subscription received, and proceeds from loans payable $1,891,092; this was partially offset by payment of lease liabilities of $532,097, repayment of loans payable $240,000, and payment of deferred financing cost of $238,164. During the comparative period ended June 30, 2020, net cash received from financing activities was $4,440,269 primarily due to proceeds of $3,635,634 received from issuance of common share units for cash, proceeds from exercise of warrants of $773,101, and proceeds from loans payable of $499,129, offset by

 

24


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

repayment of loan payable $236,128 and payment of non-current lease deposits $202,735 and repayment of loan payable to related parties of $411,728.

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company received total proceeds of $1,891,092 less deferred financing cost of $238,164 for net proceeds of $1,652,928 pursuant to the Credit Facility from Waygar Capital. As at June 30, 2021, total loans payable and other liabilities of $3,976,773 is outstanding.

Prospectus Offerings Use of Proceeds

On June 17, 2020, the Company completed its IPO consisting of 16,100,000 common shares at $0.25 per common share for proceeds of $4,025,000. The following table provides an update on the anticipated use of proceeds raised, along with amounts expended.

 

     Proposed Use of Proceeds      Approximate Use of Proceeds
to June 30, 2021
 

Build out of Mount Pleasant (less tenant improvement allowance)

   $ 1,147,000      $ 508,306  

Direct research and development expenses

     150,000        150,000  

General corporate & other working capital

     2,231,000        2,231,000  

Offering expenses and underwriter fees

     497,000        374,365  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 4,025,000      $ 3,263,671  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

On August 7, 2020, the Company closed an agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. pursuant to which they agreed to purchase, on a bought deal basis (the “August Bought Deal”), 6,555,000 units at $1.30 per unit, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $8,521,500. The following table provides an update on the anticipated use of proceeds raised in the financing, along with amounts expended.

 

     Proposed Use of Proceeds      Approximate Use of Proceeds
to June 30, 2021
 

Expansion to the United States

   $ 3,500,000      $ 792,723  

Direct research and development expenses

     750,000        516,966  

Accretive acquisitions

     1,500,000        1,250,000  

General corporate & other working capital

     1,739,780        1,739,780  

Offering expenses and underwriter fee

     1,031,720        798,553  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 8,521,500      $ 5,098,021  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

On December 4, 2020, the Company closed an agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. pursuant to which they agreed to purchase, on a bought deal basis (the “December Bought Deal”), 3,778,900 units at $3.50 per unit, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $13,226,150. The following table provides an update on the anticipated use of proceeds raised in the financing, along with amounts expended.

 

     Proposed Use of Proceeds      Approximate Use of Proceeds
to June 30, 2021
 

Commencement of operations at Rupert Facility

   $ 10,000,000      $ 9,844,072  

General corporate & other working capital

     1,918,058        1,918,058  

Offering expenses and underwriter fee

     1,308,092        1,298,002  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 13,226,150      $ 13,060,132  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

OUTSTANDING SHARES, OPTIONS, AND WARRANTS

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. The table below outlines the number of issued and outstanding common shares, warrants and options as at the dates indicated.

 

25


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

     As at August 18,      As at June 30,      As at December 31,  
     2021      2021      2020  

Common shares

     103,443,964        97,623,648        96,640,432  

Warrants

     5,706,558        2,611,951        2,889,367  

Stock options

     8,662,931        8,073,472        3,852,639  

Common Shares

Common shares increased by 1.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021 primarily due to the following transactions:

 

   

0.6 million shares and units issued for warrants exercised

 

   

0.2 million shares issued for acquisitions

 

   

0.1 million shares issued for stock options exercised

Warrants

The number of outstanding warrants decreased during the six months ended June 30, 2021 by 0.3 million due to the exercise of 0.6 million broker and agent warrants, including unit warrants exercisable for both shares and warrants, offset by the concurrent issuance of 0.1 million warrants resulting from the exercise of such unit warrants and issuance of 0.2 million warrants to Waygar Capital related to the credit facility obtained during the quarter.

Stock Options

Stock options increased by 4.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021 due to the following transactions:

 

   

4.6 million stock options granted to directors, officers, employees and consultants

 

   

0.1 million stock options exercised

 

   

0.3 million stock options cancelled

OFF-BALANCE SHEET AGREEMENTS

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements such as obligations under guarantee contracts, a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity, any obligation under derivative instruments or any obligation under a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the Company or engages in leasing or hedging services with the Company.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company is exposed to varying degrees to a variety of financial related risks in the normal course of operations including interest rate risk, credit risk, concentration of credit risk, liquidity risk, foreign currency risk, commodity price risk and equity risk. The Board approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of counterparty limits, controlling and reporting structures.

Interest Risk

The Company’s exposure to interest risk relates to its investment of surplus cash and cash equivalents, including restricted and unrestricted short-term investments. The Company may invest surplus cash in highly liquid investments with short terms to maturity and would accumulate interest at prevailing rates for such investments. At June 30, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,926,067 (December 31, 2020 –

 

26


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

$25,084,083) and a 1% change in interest rates would increase or decrease interest income by approximately $60,000 (December 31, 2020 – $250,000).

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits and receivables. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, security deposits, and trade and other receivables represent the maximum exposure to credit risk, and as at June 30, 2021, this amounted to $11,989,265 (December 31, 2020 – $26,826,938).

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held through large Canadian financial institutions and no losses have been incurred in relation to these items. The Company’s receivables are comprised of trade accounts receivable and GST receivable. At June 30, 2021, the Company has $53,974 (December 31, 2020 – $43,153) in trade accounts receivable outstanding over 60 days, of which the Company has recognized an allowance for doubtful accounts of $28,757 (December 31, 2020 – $39,917).

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of credit risk is the risk of reliance upon a select number of customers which significantly impact the financial performance of the Company. The Company recorded sales from 3 wholesale distributors of the Company representing 12% (2020 – 22%) of total revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2021. Of the Company’s trade receivables outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 72% and 81% are held with 4 customers and 3 customers of the Company, respectively.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to pay financial instrument liabilities as they come due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by reviewing on an ongoing basis its capital requirements. As at June 30, 2021, the Company has $5,926,067 (December 31, 2020 – $25,084,083) of cash and cash equivalents. The Company is obligated to pay accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the current portion of the lease liabilities, and the current portion of loans payable and other liabilities with a carrying amount of $9,192,029 (December 31, 2020 – $2,018,663) and contingent consideration of $1,048,000 within the next year.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on fluctuations related to cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue that are denominated in US dollars. As at June 30, 2021, a 10% appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have increased net financial assets by approximately $177,000 (December 31, 2020 – $102,312). A 10% depreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar would have had the equal but opposite effect.

Commodity Price Risk

The Company is exposed to price risk with respect to commodity prices. Commodity price risk is defined as the potential adverse impact on earnings and economic value due to commodity price movements and volatilities. The Company closely monitors commodity prices of raw materials to determine the appropriate course of action to be taken by the Company.

Equity Price Risk

In recent years, securities markets have experienced extremes in price and volume volatility. The market price of securities of many early stage companies, among others, have experienced fluctuations in price which may not necessarily be related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. It

 

27


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

may be anticipated that any market for the Company’s shares will be subject to market trends generally and the value of the Company’s shares on a stock exchange may be affected by such volatility.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At June 30, 2021, the carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loans payable and other liabilities, all of which are carried at amortized cost, approximate their fair value given their short-term nature or discount rate applied.

The Company does not have any financial instruments measured at fair value in the condensed interim consolidated statement of financial position, except for its contingent consideration, which was estimated at fair value as part of the preliminary purchase price allocations in note 9 and for which there has been no change in fair value to June 30, 2021.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company and consists of the Company’s executive management and directors. Compensation expense was as follows:

 

     Three months ended June 30,      Six months ended June 30,  
     2021      2020      2021      2020  

Salaries incurred to key management personnel

   $ 246,923      $ 69,131      $ 540,308      $ 99,121  

Professional fees incurred to the former CFO

     —          55,000        —          100,406  

Directors fees

     —          —          6,000        —    

Share-based compensation

     2,778,908        84,459        8,086,241        292,285  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 3,025,831      $ 208,590      $ 8,632,549      $ 491,812  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

On July 2, 2021, the Company completed its bought deal prospectus offering (the “Offering”) consisting of 5,594,750 units of the Company (the “Units”) at a price of $3.70 per Unit for total gross proceeds of $20,700,575. Each Unit consisted of one common share in the capital of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase warrant (each whole warrant, a “Warrant”), with each Warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at a price of $4.60 per Warrant until January 2, 2023.

The Company paid a commission of $1,449,040 and 391,633 compensation warrants of the Company (the “Compensation Warrants”) being equal to 7% of the aggregate number of Units sold pursuant to the offering. Each Compensation Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one additional Unit of the Company (each a “Compensation Unit”) at a price of $3.70 per Compensation Unit until January 2, 2023. In addition, the Company also paid a corporate finance fee comprised of 30,000 Units to the agent.

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 109,400 common shares pursuant to the exercise of warrants with exercise prices ranging between of $1.51 and $2.00 per share for gross proceeds of $171,400.

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 86,166 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options with exercise prices ranging between $0.25 and $1.74 per share for gross proceeds of $46,374, of which $28,999 was received as at June 30, 2021.

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, the Company granted a total of 685,625 stock options. The stock options granted have an exercise price of $3.70 per share and expiry dates ranging between July 15, 2024, and July 15, 2026.

 

28


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual outcomes can differ from these estimates.

Significant assumptions about the future and other sources of estimation uncertainty that management has made at the end of the reporting period that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made, relate to, but are not limited to, the following:

 

   

The inputs, including the forecast future volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the expected life of the stock options, used in calculating the fair value for share-based compensation expense included in comprehensive loss.

 

   

The valuation of shares and other equity instruments issued in non-cash transactions. When non-cash transactions are entered into with employees and those providing similar services, the non-cash transactions are measured at the fair value of the consideration given up using market prices.

 

   

Amortization of right-of-use assets and property and equipment are dependent upon the estimated useful lives, which are determined through the exercise of judgement. The assessment of any impairment of these assets is dependent upon estimates of recoverable amounts that take into account factors such as economic and market conditions and the useful lives of assets.

 

   

Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The determination of net realizable value involves significant management judgement and estimates, including the estimation of future market demand, costs and prices.

 

   

Assessing whether an acquisition is a business combination or an asset acquisition and assessing whether the amount paid on achievement of milestones represents contingent consideration or compensation for post-acquisition services. Accounting for acquisitions requires estimates with respect to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

 

   

Impairment of non-financial assets such as goodwill, right of use assets and property and equipment. This assessment includes a consideration of external and internal indicators that the asset may be impaired.

 

   

The lease liability and right of use asset valuation is based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The lease term is determined as the non-cancellable term of the lease, which may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The Company applies judgment in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to extend or terminate the lease, and any modifications to the lease term will result in the revaluation of the lease. The present value of the lease payments is dependent on the incremental borrowing rate used, which we apply estimates in determining the rates.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINITIES

VERY GOOD is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties related to its businesses that may have adverse effects on its results of operations and financial position. Details on some of these can be found in VERY GOOD’s most recent Annual Information Form (“AIF”) filed with Canadian securities regulatory authorities at www.sedar.com. Readers should carefully review and evaluate these risk factors together with all of the other information contained in this discussion and analysis. Furthermore, it should be noted that the risk factors described in the AIF are not the only risk factors facing VERY GOOD and it may be subject to risks and uncertainties not described therein or that it is not presently aware of or that it may currently deem insignificant.

 

29


The Very Good Food Company   |   Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

BOARD APPROVAL

The Board of Directors oversees management’s responsibility for financial reporting and internal control systems through an Audit Committee. This Committee meets periodically with management and annually with the independent auditors to review the scope and results of the annual audit and to review the financial statements and related financial reporting and internal control matters before the financial statements are approved by the Board of Directors and submitted to the shareholders of the Company.

The Board of Directors of the Company has approved the financial statements and the disclosure contained in this MD&A.

CONTROLS CERTIFICATION

In connection with National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings (“NI 52-109”), the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, will file a Venture Issuer Basic Certificate with respect to the financial information contained in condensed interim consolidated financial statements and the audited annual financial statements and respective accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis. The Venture Issuer Basic Certification does not include representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in NI 52-109.

 

30


LOGO

The Very Good Food Company Inc. 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, BC, V5M 3T7 Canada 1.855.526.9254 hello@verygoodfood 213892-001 .com www.verygoodfood.com

 

Exhibit 4.7

 

LOGO

NOTICE OF MEETING

AND

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR

FOR THE

ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF THE SHAREHOLDERS OF

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

TO BE HELD ON

JUNE 29, 2021

DATED AS OF MAY 25, 2021


The Very Good Food Company Inc.

NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an annual general and special meeting (the “Meeting”) of the holders (“Shareholders”) of common shares (“Common Shares”) in the capital of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (“Very Good” or the “Company”) will be held on June 29, 2021 at 11:00 a.m. (PST) by way of a live audio webcast at https://web.lumiagm.com/217760310 to:

 

1.

receive Very Good’s annual audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, including the auditors’ report thereon;

 

2.

set the number of directors to be elected at the Meeting at five (5) and to elect the directors who will serve until the end of the next annual meeting of Shareholders;

 

3.

appoint the auditors, who will serve until the end of the next annual meeting of Shareholders and authorize the directors of the Company to fix their remuneration;

 

4.

approve the Company’s stock option plan as more particularly described in the accompanying management information circular (the “Circular”); and

 

5.

consider other business that may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

The Meeting will be hosted virtually, by way of a live audio webcast only. Shareholders will not be able to attend the Meeting in person. Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders can attend the Meeting only by going to https://web.lumiagm.com/217760310.

Registered Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders can participate in the Meeting by clicking “I have a login” and entering a username and password before the start of the Meeting, as follows:

 

   

Registered Shareholders – The 15-digit control number located on the form of proxy or in the email notification you received is the username and the password is “tvgfc2021”.

 

   

Duly appointed proxyholders – Computershare Investor Services Inc. will provide each duly appointed proxyholder with a username after the voting deadline has passed. The password to the Meeting is “tvgfc2021”.

Voting at the Meeting will only be available for registered Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders. Non-registered Shareholders who have not appointed themselves as proxyholders may attend the Meeting by clicking “I am a guest” and completing the online form. Please refer to the section titled “General Virtual Meeting Information” in the accompanying Circular for additional details regarding the virtual meeting.

The accompanying Circular provides additional information relating to the matters to be dealt with at the Meeting and is deemed to form part of this notice (the “Notice”). Also accompanying this Notice and the Circular is a form of proxy for registered Shareholders or a voting instruction form for non-registered Shareholders. Any adjourned meeting resulting from an adjournment of the Meeting will be held at a time and place to be specified at the Meeting. Only Shareholders of

 

- 2 -


record at the close of business on May 25, 2021 will be entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Meeting.

Your vote is important regardless of the number of Common Shares you own. Registered Shareholders who are unable to attend the Meeting via the live webcast are asked to sign, date and return the enclosed form of proxy relating to the Common Shares held by them in the envelope provided for that purpose or vote via telephone or internet (online) in accordance with the instructions set out in the proxy and in the Circular. If you are a non–registered Shareholder and receive these materials through your broker or through another intermediary, please complete and return the voting instruction form in accordance with the instructions provided to you by your broker or intermediary. Failure to do so may result in your Common Shares not being voted at the Meeting.

To be effective, the proxy must be duly completed and signed and then deposited with either the Company or the Company’s registrar and transfer agent, Computershare Investor Services Inc. Attention: Proxy Department, 8th Floor, 100 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2Y1, or voted via telephone or internet (online) as specified in the proxy form, no later than 11:00 a.m. (PST) on Friday, June 25, 2021. Late proxies may be accepted or rejected by the Chair of the Meeting in his discretion, and the Chair is under no obligation to accept or reject any late proxy.

 

By order of the Board of Directors,

/s/ Mitchell Scott

Mitchell Scott

Chair & Chief Executive Officer

Vancouver, British Columbia

May 25, 2021

 

- 3 -


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

     1  

BUSINESS OF THE MEETING

     7  

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

     7  

Description of Proposed Director Nominees

     8  

Cease Trade Orders

     10  

Bankruptcies

     10  

Securities Penalties or Sanctions

     11  

APPOINTMENT OF AUDITORS

     11  

APPROVAL OF STOCK OPTION PLAN

     11  

DIRECTOR AND NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION

     14  

Overview

     15  

Director and Named Executive Officer Compensation, excluding Compensation Securities

     16  

Options and Other Compensation Securities

     17  

Exercise of Compensation Securities by Directors and NEOs

     19  

Terms of Employment Agreements with our Named Executive Officers

     19  

Director Compensation

     21  

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

     21  

Board of Directors

     21  

Directorships

     21  

Orientation and Continuing Education

     21  

Ethical Business Conduct

     21  

Nomination of Directors

     22  

Assessments

     22  

Committees of our Board

     22  

AUDIT COMMITTEE INFORMATION

     22  

Audit Committee Charter

     23  

Composition of Audit Committee and Independence

     23  

Relevant Education and Experience

     23  

Audit Committee Oversight

     23  

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

     24  

External Auditor Service Fees

     24  

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

     25  

INDEBTEDNESS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

     25  

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION

     25  

Voting Securities

     25  

Principal Holders of Voting Securities

     26  

INTEREST OF CERTAIN PERSONS OR COMPANIES IN MATTERS TO BE ACTED UPON

     26  

INTERESTS OF INFORMED PERSONS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

     26  

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     27  

Documents you can request

     27  

Approval

     27  


GENERAL INFORMATION

The information in this document is as of May 25, 2021, unless otherwise indicated.

References to “we”, “us”, “our”, “Very Good” and the “Company” refer to The Very Good Food Company Inc. and all entities controlled by it unless the context otherwise requires. References to “Shareholders”, “you” and “your” refer to holders of common shares (“Common Shares”) in the capital of the Company. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “$” or “dollars” in this Management Information Circular (the “Circular”) refer to Canadian dollars.

This Circular is provided in connection with our annual general and special meeting of Shareholders (the “Meeting”) to be held on June 29, 2021. Your proxy is solicited by the management of the Company for the items described in the accompanying Notice of Meeting (the “Notice”).

As a registered Shareholder, you have the right to vote as set out in this Circular. Please read this Circular. It gives you information that you need to know to cast your vote. We also encourage you to read our comparative annual financial statements and related management’s discussion and analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

Participating in the Virtual Meeting

 

Attending the Virtual Meeting

As a Shareholder, it is very important that you read this Circular carefully and then vote your Common Shares. Due to the uncertain public health impact of COVID-19 and in consideration of the health and safety of our Shareholders, team members and the broader community, the Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, by way of a live audio-only webcast. Shareholders will not be able to attend the Meeting in person. Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders can attend the Meeting online by going to https://web.lumiagm.com/217760310.

Registered Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders can participate in the Meeting by clicking “I have a login” and entering a username and password before the start of the Meeting, as follows:

 

   

Registered Shareholders - The 15-digit control number located on the form of proxy or in the email notification you received is the username and the password is “tvgfc2021”.

 

   

Duly appointed proxyholders – Computershare Investor Services Inc. (“Computershare”) will provide each duly appointed proxyholder with a username after the voting deadline has passed. The password to the meeting is “tvgfc2021”.

Voting at the Meeting will only be available for registered Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders. Registered Shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders may ask questions at the Meeting and vote by completing a ballot online during the Meeting. Non-registered Shareholders who have not appointed themselves as proxyholders may attend the meeting by clicking “I am a guest” and completing the online form.

Voting by proxy means that you are giving the person or people named on your proxy form (each a “proxyholder”) the authority to vote your Common Shares for you at the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. A proxy form is included in this package.


If you vote by proxy, the individuals who are named on the proxy form will vote your Common Shares for you, unless you appoint someone else to be your proxyholder. You have the right to appoint a person or company of your choice who need not be a Shareholder to represent you at the Meeting other than the individuals designated in the enclosed form of proxy. If you appoint someone else, said individual must be present at the Meeting to vote your Common Shares.

To register a proxyholder, Shareholders MUST visit http://www.computershare.com/VeryGoodFood by no later than June 25, 2021 at 11:00 a.m. (PST) and provide Computershare with their proxyholder’s contact information, so that Computershare may provide the proxyholder with a username via email after the deadline for depositing proxies has passed.

Voting at the Virtual Meeting

A registered Shareholder or a non-registered Shareholder who has appointed themselves or a third-party proxyholder to represent them at the Meeting, will appear on a list of Shareholders prepared by Computershare, the transfer agent and registrar for the Meeting. To have their Common Shares voted at the Meeting, each registered Shareholder or proxyholder will be required to enter their control number or username provided by Computershare at http://www.computershare.com/VeryGoodFood prior to the start of the Meeting. In order to vote, non-registered Shareholders who appoint themselves as a proxyholder MUST register with Computershare at http://www.computershare.com/VeryGoodFood after submitting their voting instruction form in order to receive a username (please see “Completing the Proxy Form” below for details).

United States Non-Registered Shareholders

If you are a non-registered Shareholder holding your Common Shares with a U.S. broker or custodian, you must first obtain a valid legal proxy from your broker, bank, or other agent and then register in advance to attend the Meeting. Follow the instructions from your broker, bank or other agent included with the Meeting materials, or contact your broker, bank, or other agent to request a legal proxy form. After obtaining a valid legal proxy from your broker, bank or other agent, to then register to attend the Meeting, you must submit a copy of your legal proxy to Computershare. Requests for registration should be directed by mail to Computershare Investor Services, Inc. at 100 University Avenue, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2Y1 or by email to uslegalproxy@computershare.com. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 11:00 a.m. (Pacific time) on June 25, 2021. Confirmation of registration will be provided by email after Computershare receives your registration materials. U.S. non-registered Shareholders can then attend the Meeting by going to https://www.computershare.com/VeryGoodFood prior to the start of the Meeting and following the instructions provided by Computershare to register your appointment. It is the responsibility of the non-registered Shareholder and their duly appointed proxyholders to ensure they followed the correct procedure with their financial intermediary to be appointed to vote and have followed the instructions to register their appointment prior to 11:00 a.m. (Pacific time) on June 25, 2021.

General Virtual Meeting Information

In order to participate in the virtual Meeting, Shareholders must have a valid 15-digit control number and proxyholders must have received an email from Computershare containing a username.

 

- 2 -


If you are using a 15-digit control number to login to the online Meeting and you accept the terms and conditions, you will be revoking any and all previously submitted proxies. However, in such a case, you will be provided the opportunity to vote by ballot on the matters put forth at the Meeting. If you DO NOT wish to revoke all previously submitted proxies, do not accept the terms and conditions, in which case you can only enter the Meeting as a guest.

Non-registered Shareholders who do not have a 15-digit control number or username will only be able to attend as a guest, which allows them to listen to the Meeting but not vote or submit questions.

If you are eligible to vote at the Meeting, it is important that you are connected to the internet at all times during the Meeting in order to vote when balloting commences. It is your responsibility to ensure internet connectivity for the duration of the Meeting. You should allow ample time to login to the Meeting online and complete the check-in procedures.

How to vote – Registered Shareholders

 

You are a registered Shareholder if your name appears on your share certificate or on the register maintained by Computershare If you are a registered Shareholder, you will receive a proxy form. You can vote at the Meeting by following the instructions outlined above under the “Participating in the Virtual Meeting” section or by using the proxy accompanying this Circular.

Voting by proxy

Registered Shareholders have three options to vote by proxy:

 

   

On the Internet

Go to www.investorvote.com and follow the instructions on screen. You will need the 15-digit control number listed on your proxy. You do not need to return your proxy form if you vote on the internet.

At any time, Computershare may cease to provide internet voting, in which case registered Shareholders can elect to vote by mail, phone or fax, as described below.

 

   

By Phone

Call toll-free 1-866-732-8683 and follow the instructions. You will need the 15-digit control number listed on your proxy. You do not need to return your proxy form if you vote by phone.

 

   

By Mail

Complete, sign and date the accompanying proxy form and return it in the envelope we have provided. Please see “Completing the Proxy Form” on the enclosed form for more information.

 

   

By fax

Complete, sign and date the accompanying proxy form and send it by fax to 416-263-9524 or 1-866-249-7775. Please see “Completing the Proxy Form” for more information.

 

- 3 -


If you vote by proxy, the individuals who are named on the proxy form will vote your Common Shares for you, unless you appoint someone else to be your proxyholder. You have the right to appoint a person or company of your choice who need not be a Shareholder to represent you at the Meeting other than the individuals designated in the enclosed form of proxy. If you appoint someone else, said individual must be present virtually at the Meeting to vote your Common Shares. Complete, date and sign the accompanying form of proxy, and submit it in accordance with the instructions prior to the proxy cut-off time. Please see “Completing the Proxy Form” for more information.

Changing your vote

You may revoke a vote you made by proxy by:

 

   

voting again on the internet before 11:00 a.m. (PST) on June 25, 2021;

 

   

completing a proxy form that is dated later than the proxy form you are changing and mailing it to Computershare so that it is received at the address indicated before 11:00 a.m. (PST) on June 25, 2021;

 

   

making a request in writing to the Chair of the Meeting, at the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, before any vote in respect of which the proxy has been given or taken. The written request can be from you or your authorized attorney; or

 

   

logging in to the virtual Meeting and accepting the terms and conditions.

How to vote – Non-Registered (or Beneficial) Shareholders

 

You are a non-registered (or beneficial) Shareholder (a “Non-Registered Holder”) if your Common Shares are registered either:

 

(a)

in the name of an intermediary such as a bank, trust company, securities dealer, trustee or administrator of self-administered RRSPs, RRIFs, RESPs and similar plans (each an “Intermediary”) that represents the Non-Registered Holder in respect of its Common Shares; or

 

(b)

in the name of a depository (such as CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc.) of which the Intermediary is a participant.

We have distributed copies of the Notice, the Circular, the form of proxy, and the supplemental mailing return list card (collectively, the “Meeting Materials”) directly to non-objecting Non-Registered Holders.

Intermediaries are required to forward the Meeting Materials to Non-Registered Holders unless a Non-Registered Holder has waived the right to receive such materials. Intermediaries often use service companies to forward the Meeting Materials to Non-Registered Holders. Generally, Non-Registered Holders who have not waived the right to receive the Meeting Materials will receive a package from their Intermediary containing either:

 

(a)

a voting instruction form that must be properly completed and signed by the Non-Registered Holder and returned to the Intermediary in accordance with the instructions on the voting instruction form; or, less typically,

 

- 4 -


(b)

a form of proxy that has already been stamped or signed by the Intermediary that is restricted as to the number of Common Shares beneficially owned by the Non-Registered Holder but which otherwise has not been completed. In this case, the Non-Registered Holder who wishes to submit a proxy should properly complete the form of proxy and deposit it with Computershare at the address set forth in the Meeting Notice.

The purpose of these procedures is to permit Non-Registered Holders to direct the voting of Common Shares that they beneficially own. The Company does not intend to pay for Intermediaries to forward the Meeting Materials to objecting beneficial owners.

A Non-Registered Holder may revoke a voting instruction form or proxy which has been given to an Intermediary by written notice to the Intermediary or by submitting a voting instruction form or proxy bearing a later date in accordance with the applicable instructions. In order to ensure that an Intermediary acts upon a revocation of a proxy or voting instruction form, the written notice should be received by the Intermediary well in advance of the Meeting.

Completing the proxy form

 

You can choose to vote “For”, “Against” or “Withhold”, depending on the items listed on the proxy form.

When you sign the proxy form, you authorize the directors and officers of the Company who are named in the proxy form to vote your Common Shares for you at the Meeting according to your instructions, unless you have appointed someone else to act as your proxy. If you return your proxy form and do not tell us how you want to vote your Common Shares, your vote will be counted:

 

   

FOR setting the number of directors to be elected at the Meeting at five (5);

 

   

FOR electing the nominee directors who are listed in the Circular;

 

   

FOR appointing KPMG LLP (“KPMG”) as auditors of the Company; and

 

   

FOR approval of the stock option plan of the Company (the “Option Plan”).

If you are appointing someone else to vote your Common Shares for you at the Meeting, write the name of the person voting for you in the space provided. If you do not specify how you want your Common Shares voted, your proxyholder will vote your Common Shares as the individual sees fit on each item and on any other matter that may properly come before the Meeting.

If you are a Shareholder who wishes to appoint a third party proxyholder, you must also register your proxyholder as an additional step once you have submitted your proxy or voting instruction form. Failure to register the proxyholder will result in the proxyholder not receiving a username to participate in the Meeting. To register a proxyholder, Shareholders must visit http://www.computershare.com/VeryGoodFood by June 25, 2021 at 11:00 a.m. (PST) and provide Computershare with their proxyholder’s contact information, so that Computershare may provide the proxyholder with a username via email. Without a username, proxyholders will not be able to vote at the Meeting.

If you are an individual Shareholder, you or your authorized attorney must sign the form. If you are a corporation or other legal entity, an authorized officer or attorney must sign the form.

 

- 5 -


If you have questions on how to complete your proxy form, please contact Computershare at 1-416-263-9200.

Additional Voting Information

 

You have one vote for each Common Share you hold on May 25, 2021. As at the close of business on May 25, 2021, 97,610,248 Common Shares were entitled to be voted at the Meeting.

Setting the number of directors to be elected at the Meeting at five (5), the election of directors, the appointment of auditors, and the approval of the Option Plan will each be determined by a majority of votes cast at the Meeting by proxy or in person.

Computershare will count and tabulate the votes for us.

For general Shareholder enquiries, you can contact the transfer agent:

 

   

by mail at:

Computershare Investor Services Inc.

8th Floor, 100 University Avenue

Toronto, ON M5J 2Y1

 

   

by telephone: within Canada and the United States toll-free at 1-800-564-6253, and from all other countries 1-416-263-9200; or

 

   

by fax: 416-263-9524 or 1-866-249-7775.

Record Date, Quorum and Votes Necessary to Pass Resolutions

 

Each Shareholder of record at the close of business on May 25, 2021 (the “Record Date”), is entitled to vote at the Meeting the Common Shares registered in his, her, or its name on that date. The quorum for any meeting of Shareholders is two persons who are, or who represent by proxy, Shareholders who, in the aggregate, hold at least 5% of the outstanding Common Shares entitled to be voted at the Meeting.

At the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to consider and, if thought advisable, to:

(i) set the number of directors of the Company to be elected at the Meeting at five (5);

(ii) pass an ordinary resolution to elect directors of the Company;

(iii) pass an ordinary resolution to appoint auditors of the Company for the ensuing year and authorize the directors to fix their remuneration;

(iv) pass an ordinary resolution to approve the Option Plan (as defined herein); and

(v) to consider other business that may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

 

- 6 -


Pursuant to the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (“BCBCA”) and our Articles (“Articles”), a simple majority of the votes cast at the Meeting (by person or proxy) is required to pass an ordinary resolution.

BUSINESS OF THE MEETING

We will address and vote on the following items at the Meeting:

 

   

to set the number of directors to be elected at the Meeting at five (5) and to elect the directors of the Company who will serve until the end of the next annual meeting of Shareholders;

 

   

to appoint the auditors of the Company who will serve until the end of the next annual meeting of Shareholders and authorize the directors of the Company to fix their remuneration;

 

   

to approve the Option Plan (as defined herein); and

 

   

such other business that may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

We will place before the Meeting the Company’s audited financial statements, including the auditors’ report, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, but no vote thereon is required or expected. These financial statements together with the management’s discussion and analysis thereon are available under our profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

We will consider any other business that may properly come before the Meeting. As of the date of this Circular, we are not aware of any changes to the items above or any other business to be considered at the Meeting. If there are changes or new items, your proxyholder can vote your Common Shares on these items as he, she, or it sees fit. If any other matters properly come before the Meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the form of proxy to vote in respect of those matters in accordance with their judgment.

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Directors are elected at each annual general meeting and hold office until the next annual general meeting or until that person sooner ceases to be a director. The Shareholders will be asked to pass an ordinary resolution to set the number of directors of the Company at five (5) for the next year, subject to any increases permitted by our Articles.

Unless you provide other instructions, the enclosed proxy will be voted for the nominees listed below, all of whom are presently members of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). Management does not expect that any of the nominees will be unable to serve as a director. If before the Meeting any vacancies occur among the nominees listed below, the person named in the proxy will exercise his or her discretionary authority to vote the Common Shares represented by the proxy for the election of any other person or persons as directors.

Management proposes to nominate the persons named in the table below for election as director. The information concerning the proposed nominees has been furnished by each of them.

 

- 7 -


Description of Proposed Director Nominees

The following sets out certain information regarding each of our nominee directors:

 

Mitchell Scott

Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

 

Age: 32

 

Director Since: 2016

 

Non-Independent: Mr. Scott is not independent by virtue of the fact that he is an executive officer of the Company.

  

Mr. Scott is a co-founder of the Company and has broad business experience with local and international companies in media development, marketing campaigns and sales. He has served as Chief Operating Officer to a private company in the winter sports industry and as a director at an international company focused on the software and games sector. Mr. Scott has experience with all levels of corporate administration, having managed both internal and external teams and campaigns.

 

Mr. Scott has been the Chief Executive Officer of Very Good since December 2016 and prior thereto he was the Global Director Sales & Promotion, Degica.

Committee Membership(1)

     

None

     

Securities Held:

     

Common Shares

  

Options

  

                                 Warrants

13,924,533

  

1,425,000

  

                                 Nil

James Davison

Co-Founder, Chief Research and Development Officer and Director Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

 

Age: 34

 

Director Since: 2016

 

Non-Independent: Mr. Davison is not independent by virtue of the fact that he is an executive officer of the Company.

  

Mr. Davison is a co-founder of the Company and has been a professional chef for over twelve years. During his career, he has worked in various high-end restaurants throughout England and Canada. Mr. Davison is responsible for creating all of the existing products in our portfolio and as our Chief Research and Development Officer, is central to our development of new products going forward.

 

Mr. Davison has been the Chief Research & Development Officer of Very Good since December 2016 and prior thereto he was a Chef in the UK and Canada.

Committee Membership(1)

None

Securities Held:

Common Shares

  

Options

  

                                 Warrants

12,900,000(2)

  

1,425,000

  

                                 Nil

 

- 8 -


Dela Salem

Director

 

Vancouver, British Columbia Canada

 

Age: 34

 

Director Since: September 2019

 

Independent

  

Ms. Salem is a professional accountant with over ten years of accounting experience with private and public companies focusing on financial reporting, regulatory compliance, internal control and corporate finance activities. Ms. Salem’s experience includes financial reporting for Canadian and US listed companies with multiple international subsidiaries. Ms. Salem holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Simon Fraser University and is a Chartered Professional Accountant, CPA.

 

Ms. Salem has been Corporate Controller at J. Proust & Associates Inc. since February 2011.

Committee Membership(1)

     

Audit Committee & Compensation Committee

Securities Held:

Common Shares

  

Options

  

                                 Warrants

78,800

  

225,000

  

                                 Nil

William (Bill) Tolany

Director

Austin, Texas, United States

Age: 50

Director Since: December 2020

Independent

  

Mr. Tolany brings a wealth of experience in marketing and ecommerce strategies. He has served as CEO and Board Member at a venture-backed food startup. In his leadership roles at Amazon and Whole Foods Market, Bill launched key initiatives responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars in sales.

 

Mr. Tolany is currently an independent consultant and prior thereto, from May 2015 to November 2017, he was Regional Manager at Amazon.

Committee Membership(1)

Audit Committee

Securities Held:

Common Shares

  

Options

  

                                 Warrants

Nil

  

150,000

  

                                 Nil

 

- 9 -


Ana Silva

President and Director

 

North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

 

Age: 54

 

Director Since: April 2021

 

Non-Independent: Ms. Silva is not independent by virtue of the fact that she is an executive officer of the Company.

  

Ms. Silva was born and raised in Portugal, a culture where bringing people together over good food is foundational. Ms. Silva is a people-focused leader, excited to unlock the potential at Very Good. Prior joining Very Good as President, she was the Chief Financial Officer of Daiya Foods Inc. from November 2015 to December 2020.

Committee Membership(1)

     

None

Securities Held:

Common Shares

  

Options

  

                                 Warrants

Nil

  

925,000

  

                                 Nil

Notes:

(1) The director is currently a member of each Board committee noted.

(2) An aggregate of 6,000,000 of these Common Shares are held by Mr. Davison’s spouse.

Cease Trade Orders

To the knowledge of the Company and based upon information provided by the proposed director nominees, none of the proposed director nominees is, as at the date of this Circular, or has been, within 10 years before the date of this Circular, a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer of any company (including the Company) that, while such person was acting in that capacity (or after such person ceased to act in that capacity but resulting from an event that occurred while that person was acting in such capacity), was subject to a cease trade order, an order similar to a cease trade order, or an order that denied the company access to any exemption under securities legislation, in each case, for a period of more than 30 consecutive days.

Bankruptcies

To the knowledge of the Company and based upon information provided by the proposed director nominees, none of the proposed director nominees:

 

(a)

is, as at the date of this Circular, or has been within 10 years before the date of the Circular, a director or executive officer of any company (including the Company) that, while that person was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or

 

(b)

has, within the last 10 years before the date of this Circular, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to

 

-10-


 

or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of the proposed director.

Securities Penalties or Sanctions

To the knowledge of the Company and based upon information provided by the proposed director nominees, none of the proposed director nominees has been subject to: (i) any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or (ii) any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable security holder in deciding whether to vote for a proposed director.

APPOINTMENT OF AUDITORS

KPMG are independent registered certified auditors. At the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to pass the ordinary resolution authorizing the appointment of KPMG as the Company’s auditors to hold office until the next annual meeting of Shareholders or until a successor is appointed, and to authorize the Board to fix the renumeration paid thereto.

At the request of the Company, on December 16, 2020, Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP (“DMCL”) resigned as auditor of the Company. On December 16, 2020, the Board approved the appointment of KPMG as the auditor of the Company. There were no reportable events (as that term is defined in National Instrument 51-102Continuous Disclosure Obligations (“NI 51-102”)), In connection with the audits of the Company’s financial statements during which DMCL was the Company’s auditor. In this regard, in order to comply with NI 51-102, a copy of the Notice of Change of Auditor prepared in respect of the resignation of DMCHL and the appointment of KPMG, the response letter of DMCL and the response letter of KPMG (collectively, the “Reporting Package”) were reviewed by the Board and have been attached as Schedule “B” to this Circular. A copy of the Reporting Package has been filed with the applicable securities regulatory authorities.

If you do not specify how you want your Common Shares voted, the individuals named as proxyholders in the enclosed proxy form intend to vote FOR the appointment of KPMG as our auditors until the next annual meeting of Shareholders and the authorization of the Board to fix KPMG’s remuneration.

APPROVAL OF STOCK OPTION PLAN

Our Board adopted a stock option plan (the “Option Plan”) in December 2019 whereby the Company may issue options to purchase Common Shares (“Options”). The maximum number of Common Shares that may be reserved for issuance under outstanding Options is 10% of the then outstanding Common Shares. The Option Plan was amended effective March 17, 2021 in order to comply with the rules of the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSXV”) in connection with Very Good’s graduation to the TSXV. Pursuant to TSXV Policy 4.4, Incentive Stock Options (the “TSXV Policy”) of the TSXV Corporate Finance Manual, the Company is permitted to maintain a rolling stock option plan reserving a percentage of the issued and outstanding Common Shares for issuance pursuant to Options. In accordance with the TSXV Policy, rolling option stock plans must receive Shareholder approval yearly at an annual meeting. The Company is not proposing any changes to the existing Option Plan and Shareholder approval is being sought at the Meeting

 

- 11 -


only to comply with the TSXV Policy. As of the date of this Circular, there are 8,253,472 Options outstanding under the Option Plan.

Under the Option Plan, Options will be exercisable over periods of up to 10 years as determined by the Board and are required to have an exercise price no less than the closing market price of the Common Shares on the trading day immediately preceding the day on which the Company announces the grant of Options (or, if the grant is not announced, the date specified in an option agreement as the date on which the Option is granted), less the applicable discount, if any, permitted by the policies of the TSXV and approved by the Board. If an Option is granted during a blackout period (as such term is defined in the Option Plan), the exercise price will not be less than the volume-weighted average trading price of the Common Shares on the TSXV for the five trading days immediately preceding the grant.

Pursuant to the Option Plan, the Board may from time to time authorize the issue of Options to directors, senior officers, employees and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries or employees of companies providing management or consulting services to the Company or its subsidiaries. In addition, the number of Common Shares which may be reserved for issuance to any one individual may not exceed (without the requisite disinterested Shareholder approval) 5% of the issued Common Shares on a yearly basis or 2% if the optionee is engaged in investor relations activities or is a consultant. The Option Plan permits the Board to specify a vesting schedule in its discretion, subject to the TSXV’s minimum vesting requirements, if any.

The Option Plan contains adjustment provisions with respect to outstanding Options in cases of Common Share consolidations, dividends, take-over bids, change of control transactions or applications for listing on a stock exchange other than the TSXV.

The Option Plan provides that on the death of an Option holder, all vested Options will expire 12 months after the date of death or such shorter period as is remaining in the term of the Options. All unvested Options expire as of the date of the Option holder’s death.

Where an optionee is terminated for cause, any outstanding Options (whether vested or unvested) are cancelled as of the date of termination. If an optionee retires or voluntarily resigns or is otherwise terminated by the Company other than for cause, the optionee has the right to exercise any outstanding vested Options within a period of 90 days after the termination date, or such shorter period as is remaining in the term of the Options or may be set out in the optionee’s written agreement, following which time any unexercised vested Options shall expire and terminate immediately, and no amount shall be payable to the optionee.

The Board has the power to make the following types of amendments to the Option Plan or any Options issued thereunder without seeking Shareholder approval:

 

   

amendments of a “housekeeping” or administrative nature, including any amendment for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, error or omission in the Option Plan or to correct or supplement any provision of the Option Plan that is inconsistent with any other provision of Option Plan, including amendments to fix typographical errors;

 

   

amendments to clarify existing provisions of the Option Plan that do not have the effect of altering the scope, nature and intent of such provisions;

 

   

amendments necessary to comply with the provisions of applicable law (including, without limitation, the rules of the TSXV);

 

- 12 -


   

amendments necessary for options to qualify for favourable or intended treatment under applicable tax laws, including, without limitation, to comply with or satisfy an exemption from Code Section 409A;

 

   

amendments to the vesting provisions of Option Plan or any Option;

 

   

amendments to the termination or early termination provisions of Option Plan or any Option provided such amendment does not entail an extension beyond the original expiry date of an Option; and

 

   

amendments necessary to suspend or terminate Option Plan.

Shareholder approval (in accordance with the rules of the TSXV) will be required for the following types of amendments:

 

   

any amendment to increase the maximum number of Common Shares issuable under the Option Plan, other than pursuant to appropriate adjustments to reflect and take into account any unusual or non-recurring transaction that affects the Common Shares, including a reorganization, stock split, consolidation, combination or other similar corporate transaction or event;

 

   

any amendment to reduce the exercise price of an Option issued to an Insider (as such term is defined in the Option Plan), in which case, disinterested security holder approval must be obtained;

 

   

any amendment to the method for determining the exercise price of an Option;

 

   

any amendment to expand the categories of Eligible Persons (as such term is defined in the Option Plan) to whom options may be granted under the Option Plan;

 

   

any amendment to revise the limitation under the Option Plan on the number of Options that may be granted to any one person or any category of persons (including insiders);

 

   

any amendment to change the maximum term of Options or extend the term of an option beyond the original expiry date, except as provided in the Option Plan;

 

   

any amendment to permit awards, other than Options, to be granted under the Option Plan;

 

   

any amendment to the amendment provisions of the Option Plan;

 

   

any amendment which would allow for the transfer or assignment of an Option under the Option Plan, other than for normal estate settlement purposes; and

 

   

amendments required to be approved by Shareholders under applicable law (including the rules of the TSXV).

The foregoing is a summary of the material terms of the Option Plan. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, reference to the full text of the Option Plan which may be viewed under our profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

 

- 13 -


At the Meeting, the Shareholders will be asked to approve the following by ordinary resolution:

BE IT RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution that:

 

  (1)

The Option Plan, is hereby approved; and

 

  (2)

Any officer or director of the Company is hereby authorized and directed, for and on behalf of the Company, to do all things and execute and deliver all such agreements, documents and instruments necessary or desirable in connection with the foregoing resolution.”

The Option Plan must be approved by a majority of the votes cast by the Shareholders present in person or represented by proxy at the Meeting. The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR approval of the Option Plan. The persons named in the accompanying form of proxy intend to vote FOR approval of the Option Plan, unless otherwise instructed on a properly executed and validly deposited proxy.

DIRECTOR AND NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION

In this section, “Named Executive Officer” or “NEO” means each of the following individuals:

 

(a)

the Company’s chief executive officer, including an individual performing functions similar to a chief executive officer (the “CEO”);

 

(b)

the Company’s chief financial officer, including an individual performing functions similar to a chief financial officer (the “CFO”);

 

(c)

the most highly compensated executive officer of the Company, other than the CEO and CFO, at the end of the most recently completed fiscal year whose total compensation was more than $150,000, as determined in accordance with subsection 1.3(5) of Form 51-102F6V Statement of Executive Compensation – Venture Issuers; and

 

(d)

each individual who would be a Named Executive Officer under paragraph (c) but for the fact that the individual was not an executive officer of the Company and was not acting in a similar capacity, at the end of that fiscal year.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, Very Good’s Named Executive Officers are:

 

   

Mitchell Scott, our Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chair;

 

   

James Davison, our Co-Founder, Chief Research and Development Officer and director;

 

   

Kamini Hitkari, our Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary; and

 

   

Drew Bonnell, our former Chief Financial Officer, former Corporate Secretary and former director.

Drew Bonnell resigned as Chief Financial Officer on September 21, 2020 and was replaced by Kamini Hitkari on the same date. Subsequently, Mr. Bonnell resigned as Corporate Secretary and director of the Company effective December 4, 2020 and Ms. Hitkari assumed the position the position of Corporate Secretary on December 4, 2020.

 

- 14 -


Overview

We operate in an emerging industry and rapidly evolving market. To succeed in this environment and to achieve our business and financial objectives, we need to attract, retain and motivate a highly talented team of executive officers.

The general objectives of our compensation program are:

 

   

provide market-competitive compensation opportunities in order to attract and retain talented, high-performing and experienced executive officers, whose knowledge, skills and performance are critical to our success;

 

   

motivate our executive officers to achieve our business and financial objectives; and

 

   

align the interests of our executive officers with the long-term interest of our Shareholders by tying a meaningful portion of compensation directly to the long-term value and growth of our business.

The compensation of our executive officers includes three major elements: (i) base salary to provide day-to-day compensation; (ii) cash bonuses; and (ii) long-term equity incentives to motivate our executive officers to achieve our business and financial objectives, and also align their interests with the long-term interests of our Shareholders. Perquisites and personal benefits are not a significant element of compensation of our executive officers.

Our Compensation Committee oversees our compensation policies, processes and practices and has the responsibility of administering the compensation policies related to the directors and executive management of the Company, including option-based awards. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we did not establish any formal objectives, specific performance criteria or goals to which total compensation or any significant element of total compensation to be paid to any Named Executive Officer was dependent. For fiscal 2021, our Compensation Committee has established specific corporate objectives to measure performance against.

We will continue to evaluate our compensation philosophy and compensation program as circumstances require and review compensation on an annual basis. As part of this review process, we expect to be guided by the philosophy and objectives outlined above, as well as other factors which may become relevant, such as the cost to us if we were required to find a replacement for a key employee.

Base Salaries

Base salary is provided as a fixed source of compensation for our executive officers. Adjustments to base salaries are determined annually and may be increased based on the executive officer’s success in meeting or exceeding individual objectives, as well as to maintain market competitiveness. Additionally, base salaries can be adjusted as warranted throughout the year to reflect promotions or other changes in the scope of breadth of an executive officer’s role or responsibilities.

Short-Term Incentives

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we did not have a formal short-term incentive plan in place and accordingly annual cash bonuses, including for the NEOs, were determined and

 

- 15 -


approved by the Compensation Committee and the Board taking into account a range of factors including the following: Company financial performance, significant operational achievements including the completion of the initial public offering and, securing of new production facilities, as well as successful management through the pandemic. For the NEOs, the notional target was 60% of base salary for the CEO, CFO and Chief Research & Development Officer, in accordance with the terms of their employment agreements.

For fiscal 2021, we have formalized our short-term incentive bonus plan pursuant to which cash bonus payments up to a certain percentage of an employee’s (including NEOs) salary may be paid, with the setting of concrete targets or KPIs, developed by management in conjunction with the Compensation Committee. Under this framework, 50% of the applicable bonus of a NEO or employee is subject to overall Company performance, and 50% of the applicable bonus is subject to functional performance based on KPIs achieved. The bonus is then further differentiated based on personal performance.

Long-Term Equity Incentives

We currently award long-term equity incentives in the form of Options under our Option Plan. The Option Plan is used to grant Options to directors, officers (including NEOs), employees and consultants of Very Good, as additional compensation and as an opportunity to participate in the success of the Company. The granting of such Options is intended to align the interests of such persons with that of our Shareholders.

In determining the number of Options to be granted to directors or executive officers, including the Named Executive Officers, the Board takes into account, among other things:

 

   

the number of Options, if any, currently held by or previously granted to each director or executive officer;

 

   

position of the executive officer;

 

   

overall individual performance; and

 

   

anticipated contribution to our future success.

Director and Named Executive Officer Compensation, excluding Compensation Securities

The following table is a summary of compensation (excluding compensation securities) paid, awarded to or earned by the Named Executive Officers and any director who is not a Named Executive Officer for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019.

 

- 16 -


Name and Position

   Year      Salary,
consulting
fee,
retainer or
commission
($)
    Bonus
($)
    Committee
or Meeting
Fees
($)
     Value of
Perquisites
($)
    Value of all
other
compensation
($)
    Total
compensation
($)
 

Mitchell Scott

Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chair(1)

     2020        83,539       171,000 (2)      Nil        20,000       289,600 (4)      564,139  
     2019        51,594       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       51,594  

James Davison

Co-Founder, Chief Research & Development Officer and Director(1)

     2020        81,000       171,000 (2)      Nil        11,228       289,600 (4)      552,828  
     2019        43,433       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       43,433  

Kamini Hitkari(5)

Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary

     2020        51,827       70,500 (2)      Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       122,327  

Drew Bonnell(6)

Former Chief Financial Officer, former Corporate Secretary and former Director

     2020        167,656 (7)      Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       167,656  
     2019        84,844 (7)      Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       84,844  

Dela Salem(8)

Director

     2020        Nil       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       Nil  
     2019        Nil       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       Nil  

Sarah Hardy(9)

Director

     2020        Nil       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       Nil  
     2019        Nil       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       Nil  

William (Bill) Tolany(10)

Director

     2020        Nil       Nil       Nil        Nil (3)      Nil       Nil  

Notes:

 

(1)

Neither Mitchell Scott nor James Davison received any compensation for his role as a director.

(2)

Represents annual cash bonuses.

(3)

The value of perquisites, if any, was less than $15,000.

(4)

For the advance of an operating loan to Very Good as interim financing prior to completion of the initial public offering, each of Mitchell Scott and James Davison received a one-time cash payment of $289,600, one-half of which was paid in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the other half which was paid in January 2021.

(5)

Kamini Hitkari commenced as the Chief Financial Officer of our Company on September 23, 2020 and was appointed Corporate Secretary on December 4, 2020.

(6)

Drew Bonnell did not receive any compensation for his role as director and resigned as Chief Financial Officer of Very Good on September 23, 2020 and as Corporate Secretary and director effective December 4, 2020.

(7)

Represents consulting fees earned pursuant to the terms of his consulting agreement with Very Good, a portion of which was paid through the issuance of units of the Company, at a deemed price of $0.15 per unit.

(8)

Dela Salem was appointed as a director of Very Good on September 4, 2019.

(9)

Sarah Hardy was appointed as a director of Very Good on August 23, 2019. Sarah Hardy is not standing for re-election.

(10)

William (Bill) Tolany was appointed as a director of our Very Good on December 5, 2020.

Options and Other Compensation Securities

The following table is a summary of all compensation securities paid, awarded to or earned by the Named Executive Officers and any director who is not a Named Executive Officer for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

 

- 17 -


Compensation Securities

 

Name and Position

  Type of
Compensation
Security
  Number of
compensation
securities, number of
underlying securities
and percentage of
class(1)(2)(3)
  Date of Issue or
Grant
  Issue,
conversion
or exercise
price

($)
    Closing
price of
security or
underlying
security
on date of
grant

($)
    Closing
price of
security or
underlying
security at
year end

($)
    Expiry Date

Mitchell Scott, Chief Executive Officer and Chair

  Options   450,000 Options

(450,000
underlying
Common Shares)

0.46%

  January 1,
2020
    0.25       N/A (4)      6.21     January 1,
2025

Kamini Hitkari

Chief Financial Officer

  Options   250,000

(250,000
underlying
Common Shares)

0.26%(5)

  September 21,
2020
    1.68       1.60       6.21     September 21,
2025

James Davison,

Chief Research & Development Officer and director

  Options   450,000 Options

(450,000
underlying
Common Shares)

0.46%

  January 1,
2020
    0.25       N/A (4)      6.21     January 1,
2025

Drew Bonnell,

Former Chief Financial Officer, former Corporate Secretary and former director

  Options   1,450,000 Options

(1,450,000
underlying
Common Shares)

1.49%

  January 1,
2020
    0.25       N/A (4)      6.21     January 1,
2025

William (Bill) Tolany

Director

  Options   150,000

(150,000
underlying
Common Shares)

0.15%

  December 5,
2020
    8.86       8.86       6.21     December 5,
2025

Dela Salem,

Director

  Options   112,500 Options

(112,500
underlying
Common Shares)

0.11%

  January 1,
2020
    0.25       N/A (4)      6.21     January 1,
2025

Sarah Hardy,

Director

  Options   112,500 Options

(112,500
underlying
Common Shares)

0.11%

  January 1,
2020
    0.25       N/A (4)      6.21     January 1,
2025

Notes:

 

(1)

Other than the Options granted to William Tolany, all options granted to NEOs and directors in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 have fully vested as at the date of the Circular. Mr. Tolany’s options vest in equal tranches of 37,500 options on each of March 5, 2021, June 5, 2021, September 5, 2021 and December 5, 2021.

(2)

Percentages are based on 97,610,248 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this Circular.

(3)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company granted an additional 2,950,000 Options to its directors and officers as long-term incentive compensation under the Option Plan. These Options are exercisable at a price of $7.03, have a term of five years and vest in equal quarterly tranches over a period of 24 months with the first vesting to occur on July 29, 2021. In addition, Very Good’s President, who joined the Company on January 4, 2021, was granted 500,000 options in accordance with the terms of her employment agreement, which Options are exercisable at a price of $6.21 until March 4, 2026 and have fully vested as at the date of this Circular.

(4)

As of the date of grant of these Options, Very Good was not listed on any stock exchange.

(5)

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, Kamini Hitkari, in accordance with the terms of her employment agreement, was granted an additional 250,000 Options with an exercise price of $6.21 until March 4, 2026. These Options have fully vested as at the date of this Circular.

 

- 18 -


Exercise of Compensation Securities by Directors and NEOs

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, the following Options were exercised by Very Good’s directors and Named Executive Officers.

 

Exercise of Compensation Securities by Directors and NEOs

 

 

Name and Position

  Type of
Compensation
Security
  Number of
underlying
securities
exercised
    Exercise
price per
security

($)
    Date of exercise   Closing
price per
security on
date of
exercise

($)
    Difference
between
exercise price
and closing
price on date
of exercise

($)
    Total value on
exercise date

($)
 

Dela Salem,

Director

  Options     262,500       0.25     June 30, 2020     1.05       0.80       210,000  

Sarah Hardy,

Director

  Options     262,500       0.25     June 23, 2020     1.31       1.06       278,250  

Drew Bonnell,

Former Chief Financial Officer, former Corporate Secretary and former director

  Options     1,675,000       0.25     December 7, 2020     9.07       8.82       14,773,500  

Terms of Employment Agreements with our Named Executive Officers

Mitchell Scott – Chief Executive Officer

We have entered into an employment agreement dated September 9, 2020, as amended November 21, 2020, with Mitchell Scott, which replaced his prior employment agreement dated August 15, 2019 (the “CEO Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the CEO Employment Agreement, Mitchell Scott is paid an annual base salary of $285,000, is eligible to earn an annual bonus in a target amount equal to 60% of his base salary and is eligible for grants of awards under Very Good’s equity-based long-term incentive plans in effect from time to time. Mr. Scott is also entitled to 24 days of vacation.

The terms of the CEO Employment Agreement provide for termination without cause benefits for Mr. Scott equal to 1.5 times his then base salary plus the payment of bonus remuneration earned up to the date of termination. In the event of a change of control and Mr. Scott’s contemporaneous or subsequent termination, or if Mr. Scott does not continue to be employed by Very Good under similar conditions and at a level of responsibility and compensation at least commensurate with the existing level of responsibility and compensation immediately prior to the change of control, Mr. Scott will be entitled to the same severance compensation that would be payable had his employment been terminated without cause. In addition, in the event of a termination as a result of a change of control or otherwise, all unexercised and unvested incentive stock options previously granted to Mr. Scott will be accelerated and become vested.

James Davison – Chief Research and Development Officer

We have entered into an employment agreement dated September 9, 2020, as amended November 21, 2020, with James Davison, which replaced his prior employment agreement dated August 15, 2019 (the “CRDO Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the CRDO Employment Agreement, Mr. Davison is paid an annual base salary of $285,000, is eligible to earn an annual bonus in a target amount equal to 60% of his base salary and is eligible for grants of awards

 

- 19 -


under Very Good’s equity-based long-term incentive plans in effect from time to time. Mr. Davison also receives an annual vehicle benefit in the amount of $12,000 and is entitled to 24 days of vacation.

The terms of the CRDO Employment Agreement provide for termination without cause benefits for Mr. Davison equal to 1.5 times his then base salary plus the payment of bonus remuneration earned up to the date of termination. In the event of a change of control and Mr. Davison’s contemporaneous or subsequent termination, or if Mr. Davison does not continue to be employed by Very Good under similar conditions and at a level of responsibility and compensation at least commensurate with the existing level of responsibility and compensation immediately prior to the change of control, Mr. Davison will be entitled to the same severance compensation that would be payable had his employment been terminated without cause. In addition, in the event of a termination as a result of a change of control or otherwise, all unexercised and unvested incentive stock options previously granted to Mr. Davison will be accelerated and become vested.

Kamini Hitkari – Chief Financial Officer & Corporate Secretary

We have entered into an employment agreement dated August 24, 2020, as amended on November 21, 2020, with Kamini Hitkari, our Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the CFO Employment Agreement, Ms. Hitkari is paid an annual base salary of $235,000, is eligible to earn an annual bonus in a target amount equal to 60% of her base salary and is eligible for grants of awards under Very Good’s equity-based long-term incentive plans in effect from time to time. Under the terms of the CFO Employment Agreement, Ms. Hitkari received a grant of 500,000 options to acquire an aggregate of 500,000 Common Shares of which 250,000 Options were granted during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and 250,000 Options were granted in January 2021. Ms. Hitkari also receives a monthly car allowance of $700 and is entitled to five weeks of vacation.

The terms of the CFO Employment Agreement provide for termination without cause benefits for Ms. Hitkari equal to 12 months of her then base salary plus one additional month of base salary for each completed year of service to Very Good in addition to the immediate vesting of unvested Options or other equity-based compensation awards and a lump sum payment for the reasonable pre-estimate of any cash bonus payable to Ms. Hitkari for the applicable fiscal year. In the event of a change of control, Ms. Hitkari may treat such event as a termination of her employment entitling her to receive the same severance compensation that would be payable had her employment been terminated without cause, plus an additional lump-sum severance payment in the amount of six months of her then base salary.

Drew Bonnell – Former Chief Financial Officer & Former Corporate Secretary

On July 15, 2019, we entered into a consulting agreement with Drew Bonnell (the “Bonnell Agreement”) with Mr. Bonnell, Very Good’s former Chief Financial Officer. Under the terms of the Bonnell Agreement, Mr. Bonnell received a consulting fee of $10,000 on the 1st day of each month, of which one-half was paid through the issuance of units of Very Good, at a deemed price of $0.15 per unit, until closing of the initial public offering on June 17, 2020. Each such unit issued consisted of one Common Share and one-half of one Common Share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitled Mr. Bonnell to purchase an additional Common Share at a price of $0.30 for a period of 12 months from the date of issuance. Subsequent to the initial public offering, Mr. Bonnell received the full amount of the monthly consulting fee in cash. The Bonnell Agreement terminated upon Mr. Bonnell’s departure from Very Good.

 

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Director Compensation

Very Good’s director compensation program was implemented in late fiscal 2020 and is designed to attract and retain strong talent to serve on the Board, taking into account the risks and responsibilities of being an effective director. Pursuant to the program, independent directors receive cash retainer fees for board meetings which are paid on a quarterly basis and annual option grants under the Option Plan.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors

Our Board currently consists of six directors, three of whom, Dela Salem, Sarah Hardy and William (Bill) Tolany, are independent based upon the tests for independence set forth in National Instrument 52-110Audit Committees (“NI 52-110”). Ana Silva is not independent as she is our President; Mitchell Scott is not independent as he is our Chief Executive Officer, and James Davison is not independent as he is our Chief Research and Development Officer. Following the Meeting at which one of our independent directors, Sarah Hardy, is not standing for re-election, our Board will consist of five directors with Dela Salem and Bill Tolany as the independent directors.

Directorships

None of the directors of the Company currently serve as directors of other reporting issuers.

Orientation and Continuing Education

Each new director of our Company is briefed about the nature of the Company’s business, its corporate strategy and current issues within the Company. New directors will be encouraged to review our public disclosure records as filed under our SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com. Directors are also provided with access to management to better understand the operations of the Company, and to the Company’s legal counsel to discuss their legal obligations as directors of the Company.

Ethical Business Conduct

Our Board has adopted a Code of Conduct (the “Code”) that is posted under the Company’s SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com. The Code applies to all of our directors, officers, employees and consultants. The objective of the Code is to provide guidelines for maintaining our integrity, reputation, honesty, objectivity and impartiality. The Code addresses conflicts of interest, protection of our assets, confidentiality, fair dealing with our Shareholders, competitors and employees, insider trading, compliance with laws and reporting any illegal or unethical behavior.

The Board is also required to comply with the conflict of interest provisions of the BCBCA and relevant securities regulation in order to ensure that directors exercise independent judgment in considering transactions and agreements in respect of which a director or officer has a material interest. Any interested director is required to declare the nature and extent of his interest and is not entitled to vote on any matter that is the subject of the conflict of interest.

 

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Nomination of Directors

We do not have a stand-alone nomination committee. Our management is responsible for, among other things, identifying and recommending qualified candidates for appointment, election and re-election to the Board and its committees. In recommending candidates to the Board, management considers, among other factors and in the context of the needs of the Board, potential conflicts of interest, professional experience, personal character, diversity, outside commitments and particular areas of expertise. The Company conducts due diligence, reference checks and background checks, as required, on any suitable candidate. New nominees must have a track record in general business management, special expertise in an area of strategic interest to us, the ability to devote the time required, integrity of character and a willingness to serve.

Assessments

Neither the Company nor the Board has developed a formal review system to assess the performance of the directors or the Board as a whole. The contributions of individual directors are monitored by other members of the Board on an informal basis through observation.

Committees of our Board

Our Board has established two committees: the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee.

Audit Committee

Detailed information about our Audit Committee can be found under the heading “Audit Committee Information” in this Circular.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee is charged with reviewing, overseeing and evaluating our compensation policies. The current members of our Compensation Committee are Sarah Hardy and Dela Salem, both of whom are independent. Our Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the purpose, composition, authority and responsibility of our Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee’s purpose is to assist our Board in: (i) the appointment, performance, evaluation and compensation of our senior executives; (ii) the recruitment, development and retention of our senior executives; (iii) the establishment of policies and procedures designed to identify and mitigate risks associated with the Company’s compensation policies and practices; (iv) developing compensation structure for our senior executives including salaries, annual and long-term incentive plans including plans involving equity issuances and other equity-based awards; (v) establishing policies and procedures designed to identify and mitigate risks associated with our compensation policies and practices; and (vi) assessing the compensation of our directors; (vii) developing benefit retirement and savings plans.

AUDIT COMMITTEE INFORMATION

The primary function of the audit committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee’’) is to assist the Board in fulfilling its financial oversight responsibilities by monitoring: (i) the quality and integrity of our financial statements and other financial information; (ii) the compliance of such statements and information with legal and regulatory requirements; (iii) the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent external auditors; and (iv) the performance of our internal

 

- 22 -


accounting procedures. In meeting these responsibilities, the Audit Committee monitors the financial reporting process and internal control system; reviews and appraises the work of external auditors and provides an avenue of communication between the external auditors, senior management and the Board. The Audit Committee is also mandated to review and approve all material related party transactions.

Audit Committee Charter

Our Board has adopted a written charter, attached at Schedule “A”, setting forth the purpose, composition, authority and responsibility of our Audit Committee (the “Audit Committee Charter’’), consistent with National Instrument 52-110Audit Committees (“NI 52-110’’).

Composition of Audit Committee and Independence

Our Audit Committee consists of three directors, all of whom are independent directors and financially literate within the meaning of NI 52-110. Our Audit Committee is comprised of Dela Salem (independent), chair of the Audit Committee, William (Bill) Tolany (independent), and Sarah Hardy (independent).

Relevant Education and Experience

Each of our current Audit Committee members has an understanding of the accounting principles used to prepare financial statements and varied experience as to the general application of such accounting principles, as well as an understanding of the internal controls and procedures necessary for financial reporting.

Dela Salem – Dela is a professional accountant with over eight years of accounting experience with private and public companies focusing on financial reporting, regulatory compliance, internal control and corporate finance activities. Dela’s experience includes financial reporting for Canadian and US listed companies with multiple international subsidiaries. Dela holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Simon Fraser University and is a Chartered Professional Accountant, CPA.

William (Bill) P. Tolany – Bill has held senior roles in the marketing and ecommerce divisions of Whole Foods Market and Amazon. Bills hold an MBA from the University of Texas at Austin and a Bachelor of Science from the University of Notre Dame.

Sarah Hardy – Sarah holds an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business at the University of Western Ontario and a Bachelor of Commerce from the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia.

Audit Committee Oversight

The Audit Committee has not made any recommendations to the Board to nominate or compensate any auditor other than DMCL and KPMG.

Exemption

As a venture issuer, Very Good is relying upon on the exemption in section 6.1 of NI 52-110 from the requirements of Parts 3 (Composition of the Audit Committee) and 5 (Reporting Obligations).

 

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Since the commencement of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal year, we have not relied on:

 

  (a)

the exemption in section 2.4 (De Minimis Non-audit Services) of NI 52-110;

 

  (b)

the exemption in subsection 6.1.1(4) (Circumstance Affecting the Business or Operations of the Venture Issuer) of NI 52-110;

 

  (c)

the exemption in subsection 6.1.1(5) (Events Outside Control of Member) of NI 52-110;

 

  (d)

the exemption in subsection 6.1.1(6) (Death, Incapacity or Resignation) of NI 52-110; or

 

  (e)

an exemption from NI 52-110, in whole or in part, granted under Part 8 (Exemptions).

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Other than as set forth in the Audit Committee Charter, the Audit Committee has not adopted any specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services.

External Auditor Service Fees

For the period from incorporation to December 31, 2019 and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred the following fees by our former external auditors, DMCL and our current external auditors, KPMG:

 

Fiscal year ended

   Audit fees(1)      Audit related
fees(2)
     Tax fees(3)      All other fees(4)  

December 31, 2020

   $ 127,700      $ 6,000      $ 16,050        Nil  

From incorporation to December 31, 2019

   $ 40,488      $ 50,000        Nil      $ 368  

Notes:

 

(1)

Audit Fees” include fees necessary to perform the annual audit and quarterly reviews of Very Good’s consolidated financial statements and fees for review of tax provisions and for accounting consultations on matters reflected in the financial statements.

 

(2)

Audit-Related Fees” include services that are traditionally performed by the auditor. These audit-related services include employee benefit audits, due diligence assistance, accounting consultations on proposed transactions, internal control reviews and audit or attest services not required by legislation or regulation. Audit Fees also include audit or other attest services required by legislation or regulation, such as comfort letters, consents and reviews of securities filings.

 

(3)

Tax Fees” This category includes fees for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice. Tax planning and tax advice includes assistance with tax audits and appeals, tax advice related to mergers and acquisitions, and requests for rulings or technical advice from tax authorities.

 

(4)

All Other Fees” include all other non-audit services.

 

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SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table provides information as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 regarding the number of Common Shares to be issued pursuant to the Option Plan. For a summary of the Option Plan, see “Stock Option Plan Approval”.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

Plan Category

   Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
Options, warrants
and rights
     Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding
Options, warrants
and rights
     Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
the first column)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by Shareholders

     3,852,639      $ 1.39        5,811,404 (1) 

Equity compensation plans not approved by Shareholders

     Nil        Nil        Nil  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     3,852,639      $ 1.39        5,811,404  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Notes:

 

(1)

The maximum number of Common Shares reserved for issuance under the Option Plan is 10% of the number of Common Shares outstanding from time to time, which represents 9,760,185 Common Shares as of the date of this Circular. As a result, should the Company issue additional Common Shares in the future, the number of Common Shares issuable under the Option Plan will increase accordingly.

INDEBTEDNESS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

As at the date of this Circular, no executive officer, director, employee or former executive officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is indebted to the Company, or any of its subsidiaries, nor are any of these individuals indebted to another entity which indebtedness is the subject of a guarantee, support agreement, letter of credit or other similar arrangement or understanding provided by the Company, or any of its subsidiaries.

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Voting Securities

Our authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value. Holders of Common Shares are entitled to one vote per Common Share on all matters upon which holders of Common Shares are entitled to vote.

As at the date of this Circular, there are 97,610,248 Common Shares issued and outstanding.

This summary is qualified by reference to, and is subject to, the detailed provisions of our Articles available under the Company’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

 

- 25 -


Principal Holders of Voting Securities

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of securities as of the date of this Circular by each person or entity known to beneficially own, or control or direct, 10% or more of the outstanding Common Shares (the “Principal Shareholders”). Other than as set forth below, to our knowledge, no other person or entity beneficially owns, or controls or directs, 10% or more of the outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Circular.

 

Name and Place of Residence

   Number of
Common
Shares Owned
Directly or
Indirectly
    Percentage of
Common

Shares Held(1)
 

Mitchell Scott

Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Chief Executive Officer and Director

     13,924,533 (2)      14.3

James Davison

Salt Spring Island, British Columbia, Canada

Chief Research & Development Officer and Director

     12,640,000 (3)      12.9

Notes:

 

(1)

Based on 97,610,248 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this Circular.

(2)

Mitchell Scott also holds 1,425,000 Options entitling him to purchase 900,000 Common Shares at an exercise price of $0.25 until December 31, 2024 (450,000 Options) and January 1, 2025 (450,000 Options) and 525,000 Options at an exercise of $7.03 until January 31, 2026.

(3)

James Davison directly holds an aggregate of 6,640,000 Common Shares and his spouse owns 6,000,000 Common Shares. James Davison also holds 1,425,000 Options entitling him to purchase 900,000 Common Shares at an exercise price of $0.25 until December 31, 2024 (450,000 Options) and January 1, 2025 (450,000 Options) and 525,000 Options at an exercise of $7.03 until January 31, 2026.

INTEREST OF CERTAIN PERSONS OR COMPANIES IN MATTERS TO BE ACTED UPON

To the knowledge of the directors and executive officers of Very Good, no director or executive officer of the Company, any proposed nominee for election as director of the Company, or any associate or affiliate of any of the foregoing persons, has any material interest, direct or indirect, by way of beneficial ownership of securities or otherwise, in any matter to be acted upon at the Meeting, other than the election of directors.

INTERESTS OF INFORMED PERSONS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

No informed person of the Company, proposed director, or any associate or affiliate of any informed person or proposed director has any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction since the commencement of our most recently completed fiscal year or in any proposed transaction that has materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect us or any of our subsidiaries.

 

- 26 -


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Documents you can request

You can ask us for a copy of the following documents at no charge:

 

   

our most recent annual report, which includes our comparative financial statements for the most recently completed fiscal year together with the accompanying auditors’ report;

 

   

any interim financial statements that were filed after the financial statements for our most recently completed fiscal year; and

 

   

our management’s discussion and analysis related to the above financial statements.

Please email invest@verygoodbutchers.com.

These documents are also available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this Circular and is not incorporated by reference herein.

Financial information is provided in our comparative annual financial statements and related management’s discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Approval

Our Board has approved the contents of this Circular and the sending thereof to our Shareholders, directors and auditor.

 

DATED this 25th day of May, 2021.

By order of the Board,

/s/ Mitchell Scott

Mitchell Scott

Chief Executive Officer and Chair

Vancouver, British Columbia

 

- 27 -


SCHEDULE “A”

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER

 

I.

MANDATE

The Audit Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Company”) shall assist the Board in fulfilling its financial oversight responsibilities. The Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities under this mandate are to serve as an independent and objective party to monitor:

 

1.

The quality and integrity of the Company’s financial statements and other financial information;

 

2.

The compliance of such statements and information with legal and regulatory requirements;

 

3.

The qualifications and independence of the Company’s independent external auditor (the “Auditor”); and

 

4.

The performance of the Company’s internal accounting procedures and Auditor.

 

II.

STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS

 

A.

Composition

The Committee shall be comprised of three members, a majority of which shall be independent.

 

B.

Qualifications

Each member of the Committee must be a member of the Board.

A majority of the members of the Committee shall not be officers or employees of the Company or of an affiliate of the Company.

Each member of the Committee must be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including the Company’s balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.

 

C.

Appointment and Removal

The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve until such member’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such member’s earlier resignation or removal. Any member of the Committee may be removed, with or without cause, by a majority vote of the Board.

 

D.

Chair

Unless the Board shall select a Chair, the members of the Committee shall designate a Chair by the majority vote of all of the members of the Committee. The Chair shall call, set the agendas for and chair all meetings of the Committee.


E.

Sub-Committees

The Committee may form and delegate authority to subcommittees consisting of one or more members when appropriate, including the authority to grant pre-approvals of audit and permitted non-audit services, provided that a decision of such subcommittee to grant a pre-approval shall be presented to the full Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

 

F.

Meetings

The Committee shall meet at least once in each fiscal year, or more frequently as circumstances dictate. The Auditor shall be given reasonable notice of, and be entitled to attend and speak at, each meeting of the Committee concerning the Company’s annual financial statements and, if the Committee feels it is necessary or appropriate, at every other meeting. On request by the Auditor, the Chair shall call a meeting of the Committee to consider any matter that the Auditor believes should be brought to the attention of the Committee, the Board or the shareholders of the Company.

At each meeting, a quorum shall consist of a majority of members that are not officers or employees of the Company or of an affiliate of the Company.

As part of its goal to foster open communication, the Committee may periodically meet separately with each of management and the Auditor to discuss any matters that the Committee believes would be appropriate to discuss privately. In addition, the Committee should meet with the Auditor and management annually to review the Company’s financial statements in a manner consistent with Section III of this Charter.

The Committee may invite to its meetings any director, any manager of the Company, and any other person whom it deems appropriate to consult in order to carry out its responsibilities. The Committee may also exclude from its meetings any person it deems appropriate to exclude in order to carry out its responsibilities.

 

I.

DUTIES

 

A.

Introduction

The following functions shall be the common recurring duties of the Committee in carrying out its purposes outlined in Section I of this Charter. These duties should serve as a guide with the understanding that the Committee may fulfill additional duties and adopt additional policies and procedures as may be appropriate in light of changing business, legislative, regulatory or other conditions. The Committee shall also carry out any other responsibilities and duties delegated to it by the Board from time to time related to the purposes of the Committee outlined in Section I of this Charter.

The Committee, in discharging its oversight role, is empowered to study or investigate any matter of interest or concern which the Committee in its sole discretion deems appropriate for study or investigation by the Committee.

The Committee shall be given full access to the Company’s internal accounting staff, managers, other staff and Auditor as necessary to carry out these duties. While acting within the scope of its stated purpose, the Committee shall have all the authority of, but shall remain subject to, the Board.

 

- 2 -


B. Powers and Responsibilities

The Committee will have the following responsibilities and, in order to perform and discharge these responsibilities, will be vested with the powers and authorities set forth below, namely, the Committee shall:

 

Independence

of Auditor

 

1)

Review and discuss with the Auditor any disclosed relationships or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Auditor and, if necessary, obtain a formal written statement from the Auditor setting forth all relationships between the Auditor and the Company, consistent with Independence Standards Board Standard 1.

 

2)

Take, or recommend that the Board take, appropriate action to oversee the independence of the Auditor.

 

3)

Require the Auditor to report directly to the Committee.

 

4)

Review and approve the Company’s hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the Auditor and former independent external auditor of the Company.

 

Performance

& Completion by Auditor of its Work

 

5)

Be directly responsible for the oversight of the work by the Auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the Auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work.

 

6)

Review annually the performance of the Auditor and recommend the appointment by the Board of a new, or re-election by the Company’s shareholders of the existing, Auditor.

 

7)

Pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Company by the Auditor unless such non-audit services:

 

  (a)

which are not pre-approved, are reasonably expected not to constitute, in the aggregate, more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid by the Company to the Auditor during the fiscal year in which the non-audit services are provided;

 

  (b)

were not recognized by the Company at the time of the engagement to be non-audit services; and

 

  (c)

are promptly brought to the attention of the Committee by Management and approved prior to the completion of the audit by the Committee or by one or more members of the Committee who are members of the Board to whom authority to grant such approvals has been delegated by the Committee.

 

- 3 -


Internal Financial Controls & Operations of the Company

 

8)

Establish procedures for:

 

  (a)

the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and

 

  (b)

the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.

Preparation of Financial Statements

 

9)

Discuss with management and the Auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements, including any significant changes in the Company’s selection or application of accounting principles, any major issues as to the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and any special steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies.

 

10)

Discuss with management and the Auditor any correspondence with regulators or governmental agencies and any employee complaints or published reports which raise material issues regarding the Company’s financial statements or accounting policies.

 

11)

Discuss with management and the Auditor the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives as well as off-balance sheet structures on the Company’s financial statements.

 

12)

Discuss with management the Company’s major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies.

 

13)

Discuss with the Auditor the matters required to be discussed relating to the conduct of any audit, in particular:

 

  (i)

The adoption of, or changes to, the Company’s significant auditing and accounting principles and practices as suggested by the Auditor or management.

 

  (ii)

Any difficulties encountered in the course of the audit work, including any restrictions on the scope of activities or access to requested information, and any significant disagreements with management.

Public Disclosure by the Company

 

1)

Review the Company’s annual and quarterly financial statements, management discussion and analysis (MD&A), annual information form, and management information circular before the Board approves and the Company publicly discloses this information.

 

2)

Review the Company’s financial reporting procedures and internal controls to be satisfied that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Company’s public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from its financial statements, other than disclosure described in the previous paragraph, and periodically assessing the adequacy of those procedures.

 

- 4 -


3)

Review any disclosures made to the Committee by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer during their certification process of the Company’s financial statements about any significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls or material weaknesses therein and any fraud involving management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls.

Manner of Carrying Out its Mandate

 

4)

Consult, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, with the Auditor but without the presence of management, about the quality of the Company’s accounting principles, internal controls and the completeness and accuracy of the Company’s financial statements.

 

5)

Request any officer or employee of the Company or the Company’s outside counsel or Auditor to attend a meeting of the Committee or to meet with any members of, or consultants to, the Committee.

 

6)

Meet, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, with management and the Auditor in separate executive sessions at least quarterly.

 

7)

Have the authority, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, to retain independent legal, accounting or other consultants to advise the Committee advisors.

 

8)

Make regular reports to the Board.

 

9)

Review and reassess the adequacy of this Charter annually and recommend any proposed changes to the Board for approval.

 

10)

Annually review the Committee’s own performance.

 

11)

Provide an open avenue of communication among the Auditor the Board.

 

12)

Not delegate these responsibilities other than to one or more independent members of the Committee the authority to pre-approve, which the Committee must ratify at its next meeting, non-audit services to be provided by the Auditor.

 

C.

Limitation of Audit Committee’s Role

While the Committee has the responsibilities and powers set forth in this Charter, it is not the duty of the Committee to plan or conduct audits or to determine that the Company’s financial statements and disclosures are complete and accurate and are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable rules and regulations. These are the responsibilities of management and the Auditor.

 

- 5 -


SCHEDULE “B”

CHANGE OF AUDITORS REPORTING PACKAGE


THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

#409-221 West Esplanade

North Vancouver, BC V7M 3J3

Canada

verygoodbutchers.com

 

 

December 16, 2020

Notice to:

Alberta Securities Commission

British Columbia Securities Commission

Ontario Securities Commission

Canadian Securities Exchange

DMCL, Chartered Professional Accountants

KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants

NOTICE OF CHANGE OF AUDITOR

The Very Good Food Company (the “Company”) hereby gives notice pursuant to the Section 4.11 of National Instrument 51-102, advising that the Board of Directors of the Company has requested and accepted the resignation of DMCL LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, of British Columbia (the “Former Auditors”) as of December 16, 2020, and that KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, of British Columbia (the “Successor Auditors”) has agreed to act as the Company’s auditor effective December 16, 2020.

The Company reports that there were no reservations in the auditor’s report of the Former Auditor on any of the Company’s financial statements in the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, during which period the Former Auditor was the Company’s auditor.

In the opinion of the Company, prior to the resignation of the Former Auditor, there were no “reportable events”. A “reportable event” is an occurrence in the relationship between the Company and the Former Auditor which may have been a contributing factor in the resignation of the Former Auditor. (A “reportable event” is fully defined in section 4.11 of National Instrument 51-102 of the Canadian Securities Administrators).

The resignation of the Former Auditor and the recommendation to appoint the Successor Auditor, as well as the contents of this notice and the enclosed response letter from the Former Auditor and the Successor Auditor have been approved by the Company’s board of directors.

 

The Very Good Food Company

/s/ Kamini Hitkari

 

Kamini Hitkari

Chief Financial Officer


LOGO

  

KPMG LLP

  

Telephone

  

(604) 691-3000

  

Chartered Professional Accountants

  

Fax

  

(604) 691-3031

  

PO Box 10426 777 Dunsmuir Street

  

Internet

  

www.kpmg.ca

  

Vancouver BC V7Y 1K3

     
  

Canada

     

Alberta Securities Commission

British Columbia Securities Commission

Ontario Securities Commission

December 16, 2020

Dear Sirs/Mesdames

Re: Notice of Change of Auditor of The Very Good Food Company Inc.

We have read the Notice of Change of Auditor (the “Notice”) of The Very Good Food Company Inc. (the “Company”) dated December 16, 2020 and are in agreement with the statements contained in such Notice except that we have no basis to agree or disagree with the Company’s statement that there have been no reportable events involving the Company and DMCL LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants.

 

Yours very truly

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

 

  

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.

  


LOGO   

1500 - 1140 W. Pender Street

Vancouver, BC V6E 4G1

TEL 804.687.4747 | FAX 604.689.2778

 

December 16, 2020

  
British Columbia Securities Commission    Canadian Securities Exchange

P.O. Box 10142, Pacific Centre

  

9th Floor, 220 Bay Street

9TH Floor – 701 West Georgia Street

  

Toronto, ON M5H 2W4

Vancouver, B.C. V7Y 1L2

  
Alberta Securities Commission    Ontario Securities Commission

Suite 600, 250 – 5th Street S.W.

  

20 Queen Street West, 22nd Floor

Calgary, Alberta T2P 0R4

  

Toronto, ON M5H 3S8

Dear Sirs:

Re: The Very Good Food Company (the “Company”)

Notice Pursuant to National Instrument 51-102 - Change of Auditor

As required by the National Instrument 51-102 and in connection with our resignation as auditor of the Company, we have reviewed the information contained in the Company’s Notice of Change of Auditor, dated December 16, 2020 and agree with the information contained therein, based upon our knowledge of the information relating to the said notice and of the Company at this time.

 

Yours very truly,

/s/ DMCL

DALE MATHESON CARR-HILTON LABONTE LLP

CHARTERED PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS

Exhibit 5.1

 

LOGO

 

KPMG LLP

  

Telephone    

  

(604) 691-3000

 

Chartered Professional Accountants

  

Fax

  

(604) 691-3031

 

PO Box 10426 777 Dunsmuir Street

  

Internet

  

www.kpmg.ca

 

Vancouver BC V7Y 1K3

     
 

Canada

     

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors of The Very Good Food Company Inc.

We, KPMG LLP, consent to the use of our report dated April 26, 2021, on the consolidated financial statements of The Very Good Food Company Inc., which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2020, the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss, changes in equity (deficiency) and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies, which is included in this Registration Statement on Form F-10 dated October 5, 2021 of The Very Good Food Company Inc.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

October 5, 2021

Vancouver, Canada

 

                                                 

 

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.

 

KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.

Exhibit 5.2

 

LOGO

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors

The Very Good Food Company Inc.

We consent to the use of our report dated May 14, 2020, on the consolidated financial statements of The Very Good Food Company Inc., which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders deficiency and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information, which is incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-10 dated October 5, 2021 of The Very Good Food Company Inc.

Our report dated May 14, 2020 contains an explanatory note which describes events or conditions, that indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on The Very Good Food Company Inc. ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Yours very truly,

/s/ DMCL

DALE MATHESON CARR-HILTON LABONTE LLP

CHARTERED PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS

Vancouver, BC

October 5, 2021

 

D M C L

Vancourver ● Tri-Cities ● Victoria

Exhibit 5.3

 

LOGO   

1114 Avenue of the Americas, 23rd Floor

New York, New York 10036.7703 USA

P. 212.880.6000 | F. 212.682.0200

 

www.torys.com

October 5, 2021

The Very Good Food Company Inc.

2784 Rupert Street

Vancouver, British Columbia

V5M 3T7

Ladies and Gentlemen:

RE: Registration Statement on Form F-10

We hereby consent to the references to our firm name in the prospectus filed as part of this registration statement on Form F-10 of The Very Good Food Company Inc. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

/s/ Torys LLP

Torys LLP

Exhibit 7.1

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

as Issuer,

[_____________________]

as U.S. Trustee

and

[_____________________]

as Canadian Trustee

Indenture

Dated as of [__________]

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

ARTICLE ONE DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

     1  

Section 1.01. Definitions

     1  

Section 1.02. Compliance Certificates and Opinions

     12  

Section 1.03. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustees

     12  

Section 1.04. Acts of Holders

     13  

Section 1.05. Notices, etc. to Trustees and Company

     15  

Section 1.06. Notice to Holders; Waiver

     15  

Section 1.07. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents

     16  

Section 1.08. Successors and Assigns

     16  

Section 1.09. Severability Clause

     16  

Section 1.10. Benefits of Indenture

     16  

Section 1.11. Governing Law

     17  

Section 1.12. Legal Holidays

     17  

Section 1.13. Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunities

     17  

Section 1.14. Conversion of Currency

     18  

Section 1.15. Currency Equivalent

     19  

Section 1.16. Conflict with Trust Indenture Legislation

     19  

Section 1.17. Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers and Directors of the Company Exempt from Individual Liability

     19  

ARTICLE TWO SECURITIES FORMS

     20  

Section 2.01. Forms Generally

     20  

Section 2.02. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication

     20  

Section 2.03. Securities Issuable in Global Form

     21  

ARTICLE THREE THE SECURITIES

     22  

Section 3.01. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series

     22  

Section 3.02. Denominations

     26  

Section 3.03. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating

     26  

Section 3.04. Temporary Securities

     28  

Section 3.05. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange

     28  

Section 3.06. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities

     33  

Section 3.07. Payment of Principal; Premium; Interest; Interest Rights Preserved; Optional Interest Reset

     34  

Section 3.08. Persons Deemed Owners

     35  

Section 3.09. Cancellation

     36  

Section 3.10. Computation of Interest

     36  

Section 3.11. Currency and Manner of Payments in Respect of Securities

     36  

Section 3.12. Appointment and Resignation of Successor Exchange Rate Agent

     39  

ARTICLE FOUR SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

     40  

Section 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture

     40  

Section 4.02. Application of Trust Money

     41  

 

- i -


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

     Page  

ARTICLE FIVE REMEDIES

     41  

Section 5.01. Events of Default

     41  

Section 5.02. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment

     43  

Section 5.03. Collection of Debt and Suits for Enforcement by Trustees

     44  

Section 5.04. Trustees May File Proofs of Claim

     44  

Section 5.05. Trustees May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities

     45  

Section 5.06. Application of Money Collected

     45  

Section 5.07. Limitation on Suits

     46  

Section 5.08. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest

     47  

Section 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies

     47  

Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative

     47  

Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver

     47  

Section 5.12. Control by Holders

     47  

Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults

     48  

Section 5.14. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws

     48  

Section 5.15. Undertaking for Costs

     49  

ARTICLE SIX THE TRUSTEES

     49  

Section 6.01. Notice of Defaults

     49  

Section 6.02. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustees

     49  

Section 6.03. Certain Rights of Trustees

     51  

Section 6.04. Trustees Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities

     52  

Section 6.05. May Hold Securities

     52  

Section 6.06. Money Held in Trust

     52  

Section 6.07. Compensation and Reimbursement

     53  

Section 6.08. Corporate Trustees Required; Eligibility

     53  

Section 6.09. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor

     54  

Section 6.10. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor

     56  

Section 6.11. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business

     57  

Section 6.12. Appointment of Authenticating Agent

     57  

Section 6.13. Joint Trustees

     59  

Section 6.14. Other Rights of Trustees

     60  

ARTICLE SEVEN HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

     62  

Section 7.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders

     62  

Section 7.02. Preservation of List of Names and Addresses of Holders

     62  

Section 7.03. Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders

     62  

Section 7.04. Reports by Trustees

     62  

Section 7.05. Reports by Issuer

     63  

 

- ii -


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

     Page  

ARTICLE EIGHT CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

     63  

Section 8.01. Company May Consolidate, etc., only on Certain Terms

     63  

Section 8.02. Successor Person Substituted

     64  

ARTICLE NINE SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

     64  

Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders

     64  

Section 9.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders

     66  

Section 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures

     67  

Section 9.04. Effect of Supplemental Indentures

     67  

Section 9.05. Conformity with Trust Indenture Legislation

     67  

Section 9.06. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures

     67  

Section 9.07. Notice of Supplemental Indentures

     67  

ARTICLE TEN COVENANTS

     68  

Section 10.01. Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, and Interest

     68  

Section 10.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency

     68  

Section 10.03. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust

     69  

Section 10.04. Statement as to Compliance

     70  

Section 10.05. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims

     71  

Section 10.06. Corporate Existence

     71  

Section 10.07. SEC Reporting Obligations

     71  

Section 10.08. Waiver of Certain Covenants

     72  

ARTICLE ELEVEN REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

     72  

Section 11.01. Applicability of Article

     72  

Section 11.02. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustees

     72  

Section 11.03. Selection by Trustees of Securities to Be Redeemed

     72  

Section 11.04. Notice of Redemption

     73  

Section 11.05. Deposit of Redemption Price

     74  

Section 11.06. Securities Payable on Redemption Date

     74  

Section 11.07. Securities Redeemed in Part

     75  

ARTICLE TWELVE SINKING FUNDS

     75  

Section 12.01. Applicability of Article

     75  

Section 12.02. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities

     76  

Section 12.03. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund

     76  

ARTICLE THIRTEEN DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

     77  

Section 13.01. Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance

     77  

Section 13.02. Defeasance and Discharge

     77  

Section 13.03. Covenant Defeasance

     78  

Section 13.04. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance

     78  

 

- iii -


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

     Page  

Section 13.05. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions

     80  

Section 13.06. Reinstatement

     81  

ARTICLE FOURTEEN MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

     81  

Section 14.01. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called

     81  

Section 14.02. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings

     81  

Section 14.03. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings

     82  

Section 14.04. Quorum; Action

     82  

Section 14.05. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings

     83  

Section 14.06. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings

     84  

Section 14.07. Waiver of Jury Trial

     84  

Section 14.08. Counterparts

     85  

Section 14.09. Force Majeure

     85  

 

 

- iv -


CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE

 

TIA Section         Indenture Section
310    (a)       6.08(1)
   (b)       6.09
   (c)       Not Applicable
311    (a)       6.05
   (b)       6.05
   (c)       Not Applicable
312    (a)       Section 7.01, Section 7.02
   (b)       7.03
   (c)       7.03
313    (a)       7.04
   (b)       7.04
   (c)       7.04
   (d)       7.04
314    (a)       Section 7.05
   (a)(4)       10.04
   (b)       Not Applicable
   (c)(1)       1.02
   (c)(2)       1.02
   (d)       Not Applicable
   (e)       1.02
   (f)       Not Applicable
315    (a)       6.02
   (b)       6.01
   (c)       6.02
   (d)       6.02
   (e)       5.15
316    (a)(last sentence)       1.01 (“Outstanding”)
   (a)(1)(A)       5.12
   (a)(1)(B)       5.02, 5.13
   (a)(2)       Not Applicable
   (b)       5.08
   (c)       1.04(e)
317    (a)(1)       5.03
   (a)(2)       5.04

 

(i)


TIA Section         Indenture Section
   (b)       10.03
318    (a)       1.16

Note: This Cross-Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of this Indenture.

 

(ii)


INDENTURE, dated as of ____________, between THE VERY GOOD FOOD COPMANY INC., a corporation existing under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (herein called the “Company”), having its principal office at 2748 Rupert Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5M 3T7, Canada, and ____________, a ____________, organized under the laws of ____________, as U.S. trustee (herein called the “U.S. Trustee”), and ____________, a ____________, organized under the laws of ____________, as Canadian trustee (the “Canadian Trustee” and, together with the U.S. Trustee, the “Trustees”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the “Securities”), which may be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities of any person (including the Company), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

This Indenture is subject to the provisions of Trust Indenture Legislation (as defined below) that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as defined below) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as follows:

ARTICLE ONE

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Section 1.01. Definitions.

For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

(2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein, and the terms “cash transaction” and “self-liquidating paper”, as used in Section 319 of the Trust Indenture Act, shall have the meanings assigned to them in the rules of the Commission adopted under the Trust Indenture Act;


(3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with IFRS, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term “generally accepted accounting principles” with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles under IFRS at the date of such computation; provided, however, that if the Company commences reporting in accordance with accounting principles other than IFRS, references to “generally accepted accounting principles” shall mean such other accounting principles as of the first financial period in which the Company reports its financial statements under such accounting principles, unless otherwise provided in accordance with the terms of a series of Securities hereunder;

(4) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

(5) “or” is not exclusive;

(6) words implying any gender shall apply to all genders;

(7) the words Subsection, Section and Article refer to the Subsections, Sections and Articles, respectively, of this Indenture unless otherwise noted; and

(8) “include”, “includes” or “including” means include, includes or including, in each case, without limitation.

Certain terms, used principally in Article Three, are defined in that Article.

“Act”, when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.04.

“Additional Amounts” has the meaning specified in Section 3.01(24).

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

“Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company and, if such Person is not a Trustee, by either or both Trustees pursuant to Section 6.12 to act on behalf of such Trustee to authenticate Securities; provided that if no Person has been so authorized to act at Authenticating Agent hereunder, one or both of the Trustees shall act as Authenticating Agent.

“Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper, in the English language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily published on each Business Day, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

 

- 2 -


“Base Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.14.

“BCBCA” means the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), as amended.

“Bearer Security” means any Security except a Registered Security.

“Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such board.

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustees.

“Branch Register” has the meaning specified in Section 3.05.

“Branch Security Registrar” has the meaning specified in Section 3.05.

“Business Day”, when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities, means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, any day other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banking institutions in that Place of Payment or other location are permitted or required by any applicable law, regulation or executive order to close.

“calculation period” has the meaning specified in Section 3.10.

“Canadian Securities Authorities” means the securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada.

“Canadian Trustee” means the Person named as the “Canadian Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Canadian Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Canadian Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Canadian Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Canadian Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only the Canadian Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

“Capital Stock” in any Person means any and all shares, interests, partnership interests, participations or other equivalents however designated in the equity interest in such Person and any rights (other than debt securities convertible into an equity interest), warrants or options to acquire any equity interest in such Person.

“Central Register” has the meaning specified in Section 3.05.

“Central Security Registrar” has the meaning specified in Section 3.05.

“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture

 

- 3 -


such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person.

“Company Request” or “Company Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by (1) the Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Chief Executive Officer, or if two or more persons share such office, any one of such persons, and (2) by the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Accounting Officer, the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, or if two or more persons share such office, any one of such persons, and delivered to the Trustees.

“Component Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(h).

“Conversion Date” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(d).

“Conversion Event” means the cessation of use of a Foreign Currency both by the government of the country which issued such Currency and by a central bank or other public institution of or within the international banking community for the settlement of transactions.

“Corporate Trust Office” means a corporate trust office of the U.S. Trustee or the Canadian Trustee, as applicable, at which at any particular time its corporate trust business may be administered, such an office on the date of execution of this Indenture of the U.S. Trustee is located at ____________, Attention: ____________, and of the Canadian Trustee is located at ____________, Attention: ____________, except that with respect to presentation of Securities for payment or for registration of transfer or exchange, such term shall mean the office or agency of the U.S. Trustee or the Canadian Trustee, as applicable, designated in writing to the Company at which, at any particular time, its corporate agency business shall be conducted.

“corporation” includes corporations, associations, companies and business trusts.

“coupon” means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.

“covenant defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.03.

“Currency” means any currency or currencies, composite currency or currency unit or currency units issued by the government of one or more countries or by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.

“Debt” means notes, bonds, debentures or other similar evidences of indebtedness for money borrowed.

“Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.07.

 

- 4 -


“defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.02.

“Depositary “ means with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in the form of one or more Registered Securities, the Person designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to Section 3.05 until a successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Depositary” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and, if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Registered Securities of that series.

“Dollar” or “$” means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

“Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(g).

“Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(f).

“Election Date” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(h).

“Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.01.

“Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Exchange Date” has the meaning specified in Section 3.04.

“Exchange Rate Agent” means, with respect to Securities of or within any series, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, a New York clearing house bank, designated pursuant to Section 3.01 or Section 3.12.

“Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate” means a facsimile or e-mail or a certificate setting forth (i) the applicable Market Exchange Rate and (ii) the Dollar or Foreign Currency amounts of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any (on an aggregate basis and on the basis of a Security having the lowest denomination principal amount determined in accordance with Section 3.02 in the relevant Currency), payable with respect to a Security of any series on the basis of such Market Exchange Rate, sent (in the case of a facsimile or e-mail) or signed (in the case of a certificate) by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

“Exchanges” means the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, the New York Stock Exchange, the TSX Venture Exchange and any other securities exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Securities are or become listed or quoted.

“First Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.15.

“Foreign Currency” means any Currency other than Currency of the United States.

“Government Obligations” means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, securities which are (i) direct obligations of the government which issued the Currency in which the Securities of a particular series are payable or

 

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(ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the government which issued the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed by such government, which, in either case, are full faith and credit obligations of such government payable in such Currency and are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt; provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

“Holder” means, in the case of a Registered Security, the Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register and, in the case of a Bearer Security, the bearer thereof and, when used with respect to any coupon, shall mean the bearer thereof.

“IFRS” means International Financial Reporting Standards.

“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.01; provided, however, that, if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, “Indenture” shall mean, with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of the particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 3.01, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such Trustee but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party.

“Indexed Security” means a Security the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

“interest”, when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity at the rate prescribed in such Original Issue Discount Security.

“Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

“Judgment Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.14.

 

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“Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, charge, assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, security interest, lien (statutory or other), or preference, priority or other security or similar agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever (including, without limitation, any agreement to give or grant a Lien or any lease, conditional sale or other title retention agreement having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing).

“mandatory sinking fund payment” has the meaning specified in Section 12.01.

“Market Exchange Rate” means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, the exchange rate between the relevant currency unit and Dollars or such Foreign Currency calculated by the method specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of the relevant series.

“Maturity”, when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.

“Non-Recourse Debt” means indebtedness to finance the creation, development, construction or acquisition of assets and any increases in or extensions, renewals or refinancings of such indebtedness, provided that the recourse of the lender thereof (including any agent, trustee, receiver or other Person acting on behalf of such entity) in respect of such indebtedness is limited in all circumstances to the assets created, developed, constructed or acquired in respect of which such indebtedness has been incurred and to the receivables, inventory, equipment, chattels payable, contracts, intangibles and other assets, rights or collateral connected with the assets created, developed, constructed or acquired and to which such lender has recourse.

“Notice of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.01.

“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate, which shall comply with this Indenture, signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Accounting Officer, the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, or if two or more persons share such office any one of such persons, and delivered to the Trustees.

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for the Company, including an employee of the Company.

“optional sinking fund payment” has the meaning specified in Section 12.01.

“Original Issue Discount Security” means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02.

“Other Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.15.

“Outstanding”, when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

 

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(i) Securities theretofore cancelled by a Trustee or delivered to a Trustee for cancellation;

(ii) Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder, money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with a Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustees has been made;

(iii) Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections 13.02 and 13.03, with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article Thirteen; and

(iv) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.06 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustees proof satisfactory to them that such Securities are held by a “protected purchaser” (within the meaning of Article 8 of the UCC) in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes, and for the purpose of making the calculations required by TIA Section 313, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or shall have been declared to be) due and payable, at the time of such determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02, (ii) the principal amount of any Security denominated in a Foreign Currency that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the Dollar equivalent, determined as of the date such Security is originally issued by the Company as set forth in an Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustees, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent as of such date of original issuance of the amount determined as provided in clause (i) above) of such Security, (iii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided with respect to such Security pursuant to Section 3.01, and (iv) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustees shall be protected in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustees know to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to

 

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the satisfaction of the Trustees the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.

“Paying Agent” means any Person (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Securities on behalf of the Company. Such Person, at the responsibility of the Company, must be able to make payment in the currency of the issued Security.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, body corporate, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Place of Payment” means, when used with respect to the Securities of or within any series, each place where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities are payable in the United States and Canada as specified as contemplated by Sections 3.01 and 10.02.

“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.06 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or a Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or the Security to which the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, as the case may be.

“rate(s) of exchange” has the meaning specified in Section 1.14.

“Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

“Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

“Registered Security” means any Security registered in the Security Register.

“Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Registered Securities of or within any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.01.

“Repayment Date” means, when used with respect to any Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the date fixed for such repayment pursuant to this Indenture.

“Repayment Price” means, when used with respect to any Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the price at which it is to be repaid pursuant to this Indenture.

“Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to a Trustee, means any vice president, secretary, any assistant secretary, treasurer, any assistant treasurer, any senior trust officer, any trust officer,

 

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the controller within the corporate trust administration division of a Trustee or any other officer of a Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above-designated officers, and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

“Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, “Securities” with respect to the Indenture as to which such Person is Trustee shall have the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and shall more particularly mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.

“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.05.

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Registered Securities of or within any series means a date fixed by the Trustees pursuant to Section 3.07.

“Specified Amount” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(h).

“Stated Maturity”, when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security or a coupon representing such installment of interest as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

“Subsidiary” means, any corporation of which at the time of determination the Company, directly and/or indirectly through one or more Subsidiaries, owns more than 50% of the shares of Voting Stock or partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, association, company or business trust interests.

“Transfer Agent” has the meaning specified in Section 3.05.

“Trust Indenture Act” or “TIA” means the United States Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed, except as provided in Section 9.05.

“Trust Indenture Legislation” means, at any time, the applicable provisions of (i) the BCBCA and the regulations thereunder as amended or re-enacted from time to time, but only to the extent applicable, (ii) the provisions of any other applicable statute of Canada or any province or territory thereof and the regulations thereunder as amended or re-enacted from time to time, but only to the extent applicable, and/or (iii) the Trust Indenture Act and regulations thereunder, in each case, relating to trust indentures and to the rights, duties and obligations of trustees under trust indentures and of corporations issuing debt obligations under trust indentures, to the extent that such provisions are at such time in force and applicable to this Indenture or the Company or the Trustees.

“Trustee” or “Trustees” means the U.S. Trustee and/or the Canadian Trustee, to the extent either or both of them are required to serve as trustee under the Indenture by applicable Trust Indenture

 

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Legislation. If either a Canadian Trustee or a U.S. Trustee is not appointed under this Indenture, or resigns or is removed and, pursuant to Section 6.09, the Company is not required to appoint a successor Trustee to the Canadian Trustee or the U.S. Trustee, as the case may be, then “Trustee”, “Trustees” and any reference to “either Trustee”, “both of the Trustees” or such similar references shall mean the Person named as (i) in the event a Canadian Trustee is not appointed, the U.S. Trustee, or (ii) in the event a U.S. Trustee is not appointed, the Canadian Trustee, or any successor to either of them appointed pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture. Except to the extent otherwise indicated, “Trustees” shall refer to the Canadian Trustee (if appointed and still serving) and the U.S. Trustee (if appointed and still serving), both jointly and individually.

“UCC” means the New York uniform commercial code in effect from time to time.

“U.S. Trustee” means the Person named as the “U.S. Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor U.S. Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “U.S. Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a U.S. Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, “U.S. Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only the U.S. Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

“United States” means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, the United States of America (including the states and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

“United States person” means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation or partnership (including any entity treated as a corporation or partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if (A) it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) it has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.

“Valuation Date” has the meaning specified in Section 3.11(c).

“Vice President”, when used with respect to the Trustees, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president”.

“Voting Stock” means with respect to any Person, securities of any class or classes of Capital Stock in such Person entitling the holder thereof (whether at all times or at the time that such class of Capital Stock has voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) to vote in the election of members of the board of directors or comparable body of such Person.

“Writing” has the meaning specified in Section 6.13.

“Yield to Maturity” means the yield to maturity, computed at the time of issuance of a Security (or, if applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such Security) and as set forth

 

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in such Security in accordance with generally accepted United States bond yield computation principles.

Section 1.02. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustees to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustees an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture (including any covenant compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if requested by the Trustee, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a covenant or condition provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to Section 10.04) shall include:

(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;

(2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such covenant or condition has been complied with.

Section 1.03. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustees.

In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons may certify or give an opinion as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, a certificate of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of

 

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the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which such certificate or opinion may be based are erroneous. Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public accountants filed with the Trustees shall contain a statement that such firm is independent.

Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

Section 1.04. Acts of Holders.

(a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of the Outstanding Securities of all series or one or more series, as the case may be, may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agents duly appointed in writing. If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of such series may, alternatively, be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Securities of such series voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article Fourteen, or a combination of such instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustees and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustees and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 14.06.

(b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustees deem sufficient.

 

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(c) The principal amount and serial numbers of Registered Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

(d) The principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, may be proved by the production of such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or other depositary, wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Trustees to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Bearer Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities, if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustees to be satisfactory. The Trustees and the Company may assume that such ownership of any Bearer Security continues until (1) another certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of the same Bearer Security is produced, or (2) such Bearer Security is produced to the Trustees by some other Person, or (3) such Bearer Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (4) such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, may also be proved in any other manner that the Trustees deem sufficient.

(e) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding Trust Indenture Legislation, such record date shall be the record date specified in or pursuant to such Board Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier than the date 30 days prior to the first solicitation of Holders generally in connection therewith and not later than the date such solicitation is completed. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than eleven months after the record date.

(f) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustees or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

 

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Section 1.05. Notices, etc. to Trustees and Company.

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other documents provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

(1) the U.S. Trustee, by the Canadian Trustee, any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the U.S. Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: _______________, or

(2) the Canadian Trustee, by the U.S. Trustee, any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Canadian Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: _______________, or

(3) the Company by either Trustee or any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if made, given, furnished or filed in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company, to the address of the Company first paragraph of this Indenture, or by facsimile transmission to the Company, to ______________, or by e-mail to the Company, to __________, in each case, to the attention of the Chief Financial Officer, or such other officer of the Company or other address or means of transmission as the Company may designate on written notice to the Trustees.

Section 1.06. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

Where this Indenture provides for notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities by the Company or the Trustees, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each such Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities given as provided. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such notice.

In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail service or by reason of any other cause, it shall be impractical to mail notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustees shall be deemed to be sufficient giving of such notice for every purpose hereunder.

Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Bearer Securities of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Bearer Securities if published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and in such other city or cities as may be specified in such Securities on a Business Day at least twice, the first such publication to be not

 

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earlier than the earliest date, and not later than the latest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the date of the first such publication.

In case, by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause, it shall be impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall be given with the approval of the Trustees shall constitute sufficient notice to such Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither the failure to give notice by publication to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Bearer Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Registered Securities given as provided herein.

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication.

Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustees, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

Section 1.07. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

Section 1.08. Successors and Assigns.

All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company and the Trustees shall bind their successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 1.09. Severability Clause.

In case any provision in this Indenture or in any Security or coupon shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

Section 1.10. Benefits of Indenture.

Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities or coupons, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities or coupons, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture. Subject to Section 1.16, at all times in relation to this Indenture and any action to be taken hereunder, the Company and the Trustees each shall observe and comply with Trust Indenture Legislation and the Company, the Trustees and each Holder of a Security shall be entitled to the benefits of Trust Indenture Legislation.

 

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Section 1.11. Governing Law.

This Indenture and the Securities and coupons shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York, but without giving effect to applicable principles of conflicts of law to the extent that the application of the law of another jurisdiction would be required thereby. Each Trustee and the Company agrees to comply with all provisions of Trust Indenture Legislation applicable to or binding upon it in connection with this Indenture and any action to be taken hereunder. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the exercise, performance or discharge by the Canadian Trustee of any of its rights, powers, duties or responsibilities hereunder shall be construed in accordance with applicable Canadian laws.

Section 1.12. Legal Holidays.

In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date or Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment or other location contemplated hereunder, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of any Security or coupon other than a provision in the Securities of any series which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section), payment of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, need not be made at such Place of Payment or other location contemplated hereunder on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment or other location contemplated hereunder with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date or sinking fund payment date, or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity; provided that no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

Section 1.13. Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunities.

By the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company (i) acknowledges that it has irrevocably designated and appointed ________________, located at _______________, as its authorized agent (the “Agent for Service”) upon which process may be served in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Securities or this Indenture that may be instituted in any federal or New York state court located in The Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or brought by the Trustees (whether in their individual capacity or in their capacity as Trustees hereunder), (ii) irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit or proceeding, and (iii) agrees that service of process upon the Agent for Service and written notice of said service to the Company (delivered to the Company as specified in Section 1.05 hereof), shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any such suit or proceeding. The Company further agrees to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments, as may be necessary to continue such designation and appointment of the Agent for Service in full force and effect so long as this Indenture shall be in full force and effect.

To the extent that the Company has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its

 

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property, the Company hereby irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Indenture and the Securities, to the extent permitted by law.

The Company irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such action, suit or proceeding in any such court or any appellate court with respect thereto. The Company irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action, suit or proceeding in any such court.

Section 1.14. Conversion of Currency.

(a) The Company covenants and agrees that the following provisions shall apply to conversion of currency in the case of the Securities and this Indenture:

(i) If for the purposes of obtaining judgment in, or enforcing the judgment of, any court in any country, it becomes necessary to convert into a currency (the “Judgment Currency”) an amount due or contingently due in any other currency under the Securities of any series and this Indenture (the “Base Currency”), then the conversion shall be made at the rate of exchange prevailing on the Business Day before the day on which a final judgment is given or the order of enforcement is made, as the case may be (unless a court shall otherwise determine).

(ii) If there is a change in the rate of exchange prevailing between the Business Day before the day on which the judgment referred to in (i) above is given or an order of enforcement is made, as the case may be (or such other date as a court shall determine), and the date of receipt of the amount due, the Company shall pay such additional (or, as the case may be, such lesser) amount, if any, as may be necessary so that the amount paid in the Judgment Currency when converted at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of receipt will produce the amount in the Base Currency originally due.

(b) In the event of the winding-up of the Company at any time while any amount or damages owing under the Securities and this Indenture, or any judgment or order rendered in respect thereof, shall remain outstanding, the Company shall indemnify and hold the Holders and the Trustees harmless against any deficiency arising or resulting from any variation in rates of exchange between (1) the date as of which the equivalent of the amount in the Base Currency due or contingently due under the Securities and this Indenture (other than under this Subsection (b)) is calculated for the purposes of such winding-up and (2) the final date for the filing of proofs of claim in such winding-up. For the purpose of this Subsection (b) the final date for the filing of proofs of claim in the winding-up of the Company shall be the date fixed by the liquidator or otherwise in accordance with the relevant provisions of applicable law as being the latest practicable date as at which liabilities of the Company may be ascertained for such winding-up prior to payment by the liquidator or otherwise in respect thereto.

(c) The obligations contained in Subsections (a)(ii) and (b) of this Section shall constitute separate and independent obligations of the Company from its other obligations under the Securities and this Indenture, shall give rise to separate and independent causes of action

 

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against the Company, shall apply irrespective of any waiver or extension granted by any Holder or the Trustees or either of them from time to time and shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding any judgment or order or the filing of any proof of claim in the winding up of the Company for a liquidated sum in respect of amounts due hereunder (other than under Subsection (b) above) or under any such judgment or order. Any such deficiency as aforesaid shall be deemed to constitute a loss suffered by the Holders or the Trustees, as the case may be, and no proof or evidence of any actual loss shall be required by the Company or its liquidator. In the case of Subsection (b) above, the amount of such deficiency shall not be deemed to be increased or reduced by any variation in rates of exchange occurring between the said final date and the date of any liquidating distribution.

The term “rate(s) of exchange” shall mean the average daily rate of exchange quoted by the Bank of Canada (or another Canadian chartered bank as may be designated in writing by the Company to the Trustees from time to time) on the relevant date for purchases of the Base Currency with the Judgment Currency and includes any premiums and costs of exchange payable. The Trustees shall have no duty or liability with respect to monitoring or enforcing this Section.

Section 1.15. Currency Equivalent.

Except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, for purposes of the construction of the terms of this Indenture or of the Securities, in the event that any amount is stated herein in the Currency of one nation (the “First Currency”), as of any date such amount shall also be deemed to represent the amount in the Currency of any other relevant nation (the “Other Currency”) which is required to purchase such amount in the First Currency at the Bank of Canada average daily rate of exchange (or another Canadian chartered bank as may be designated in writing by the Company to the Trustees from time to time) on the date of determination.

Section 1.16. Conflict with Trust Indenture Legislation.

If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with any mandatory requirement of Trust Indenture Legislation, such mandatory requirement shall control. If and to the extent that any provision hereof modifies or excludes any provision of Trust Indenture Legislation that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply hereof as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be.

Section 1.17. Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers and Directors of the Company Exempt from Individual Liability.

No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, as such, or against any past, present or future shareholder, officer or director, as such, of the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Securities by the Holders and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.

 

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ARTICLE TWO

SECURITIES FORMS

Section 2.01. Forms Generally.

The Registered Securities, if any, of each series and the Bearer Securities, if any, of each series and related coupons shall be in substantially the forms as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities or coupons, as evidenced by their execution of the Securities or coupons. If the forms of Securities or coupons of any series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company (or an officer of the Company performing a similar role) and delivered to the Trustees at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.03 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities or coupons. Any portion of the text of any Security may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto on the face of the Security.

Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, Bearer Securities shall have interest coupons attached.

Either Trustee’s certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article.

The definitive Securities and coupons shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel-engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or coupons.

Section 2.02. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.

Subject to Section 6.12, either Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

(Certificate of Authentication may be executed by either Trustee)

Dated: __________________________________________

_________________, as U.S. Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

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                                                                                  ,

as U.S. Trustee

By:

 

 

 

Authorized Officer

Dated: ________________________________________

_________________, as Canadian Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

                                                                                  ,

as Canadian Trustee

By:

 

 

 

Authorized Officer

Section 2.03. Securities Issuable in Global Form.

If Securities of or within a series are issuable in global form, as specified and contemplated by Section 3.01, then, notwithstanding clause (10) of Section 3.01, any such Security shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series represented thereby may from time to time be increased or decreased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made by the Trustees in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered to the Trustees pursuant to Section 3.03 or Section 3.04. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.03 and, if applicable, Section 3.04, the Trustees shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 3.03 or Section 3.04 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 1.02 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

 

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The provisions of the last sentence of Section 3.03 shall apply to any Security represented by a Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustees the Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 1.02 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence of Section 3.03.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.07, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.08 and except as provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustees and any agent of the Company and the Trustees shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a permanent global Security in registered form, the Holder of such permanent global Security.

ARTICLE THREE

THE SECURITIES

Section 3.01. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

The Securities may be issued in one or more series and may be denominated and payable in Dollars or any Foreign Currency. The aggregate principal amount of any series of Securities may be increased, and the increased amount of any such series may be issued under this Indenture. There shall be established in one or more Board Resolutions or pursuant to authority granted by one or more Board Resolutions and, subject to Section 3.03, set forth in, or determined in the manner provided in, an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series, any or all of the following, as applicable (each of which (except for the matters set forth in clause (1) below), if so provided, may be determined from time to time by the Company with respect to unissued Securities of the series and set forth in such Securities of the series when issued from time to time):

(1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other series of Securities);

(2) the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 9.06 or 11.07);

(3) the extent and manner, if any, to which payment on or in respect of the Securities of the series will be senior or will be subordinated to the prior payment of other liabilities and

 

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obligations of the Company, and whether the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, will be guaranteed by any other Person and the nature and priority of any security;

(4) the percentage or percentages of principal amount at which the Securities of the series will be issued;

(5) the date or dates, or the method by which such date or dates will be determined or extended, on which the Securities of the series may be issued and the date, or dates, or the method by which such date or dates will be determined or extended, on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable;

(6) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest (whether fixed or variable), if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall be determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

(7) the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable, where any Registered Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable and, if different than the location specified in Section 1.05, the place or places where notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served;

(8) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the Currency in which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the Company is to have that option;

(9) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of a Holder thereof, and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the Currency in which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

(10) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denomination or denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be issuable;

(11) if other than the Trustees, the identity of each Security Registrar, Authenticating Agent and/or Paying Agent;

(12) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

 

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(13) if other than Dollars, the Currency in which payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be payable or in which the Securities of the series shall be denominated and the particular provisions applicable thereto in accordance with, in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Section 3.11;

(14) whether the amount of payments of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

(15) whether the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof, in a Currency other than that in which such Securities are denominated or stated to be payable, the period or periods within which (including the Election Date), and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are denominated or stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities are to be so payable, in each case in accordance with, in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Section 3.11;

(16) the designation of the initial Exchange Rate Agent, if any;

(17) provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be specified;

(18) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants (including any deletions from, modifications of or additions to Section 10.08) of the Company with respect to Securities of the series, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;

(19) whether Securities of the series are to be issuable as Registered Securities, Bearer Securities (with or without coupons) or both, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of Bearer Securities, whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable initially in temporary global form and whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form with or without coupons and, if so, whether beneficial owners of interests in any such permanent global Security may exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner provided in Section 3.05, whether Registered Securities of the series may be exchanged for Bearer Securities of the series (if permitted by applicable laws and regulations), whether Bearer Securities of the series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of such series, and the circumstances under which and the place or places where any such exchanges may be made and, if Securities of the series are to be issuable in global form, the identity of any initial depository therefor;

(20) the date as of which any Bearer Securities of the series and any temporary global Security representing Outstanding Securities of the series shall be dated if other than the date of original issuance of the first Security of the series to be issued;

 

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(21) the Person to whom any interest on any Registered Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, the manner in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on any Bearer Security of the series shall be payable, if otherwise than upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto as they severally mature, and the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an Interest Payment Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in Section 3.04;

(22) if Securities of the series are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, the form and/or terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

(23) if the Securities of the series are to be issued upon the exercise of warrants or other securities, the time, manner and place for such Securities to be authenticated and delivered;

(24) whether, under what circumstances and the Currency in which the Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of the series to any Holder in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge (“Additional Amounts”) and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such Additional Amounts (and the terms of any such option);

(25) if the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities of any Person (including the Company), the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable;

(26) provisions as to modification, amendment or variation of any rights or terms attaching to the Securities; and

(27) any other terms, conditions, rights and preferences (or limitations on such rights and preferences) relating to the Securities of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the requirements of Trust Indenture Legislation).

All Securities of any one series and the coupons appertaining to any Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except, in the case of Registered Securities, as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution (subject to Section 3.03) and set forth in such Officer’s Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. Not all Securities of any one series need be issued at the same time, and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, such Board Resolutions shall be delivered to the Trustees at or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

 

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Section 3.02. Denominations.

The Securities of each series shall be issuable in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.01. With respect to Securities of any series denominated in Dollars, in the absence of any such provisions, the Registered Securities of such series, other than Registered Securities issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

Section 3.03. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

The Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall be executed on behalf of the Company by any one of the President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Business Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, or if two or more persons share such office any one of such persons. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities or coupons may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such authorized officer and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.

Securities or coupons bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities or coupons.

At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series together with any coupon appertaining thereto, executed by the Company to the applicable Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the applicable Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If any Security shall be represented by a permanent global Bearer Security, then, for purposes of this Section and Section 3.04, the notation of a beneficial owner’s interest therein upon original issuance of such Security or upon exchange of a portion of a temporary global Security shall be deemed to be delivery in connection with its original issuance of such beneficial owner’s interest in such permanent global Security. Except as permitted by Section 3.06, the Trustees shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all appurtenant coupons for interest then matured have been detached and cancelled. If not all the Securities of any series are to be issued at one time and if the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing such series shall so permit, such Company Order may set forth procedures acceptable to the Trustees for the issuance of such Securities and determining terms of particular Securities of such series such as interest rate, stated maturity, date of issuance and date from which interest shall accrue.

In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustees shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Trust Indenture Legislation) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating:

(a) that the form or forms of such Securities and any coupons have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

(b) that the terms of such Securities and any coupons have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

 

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(c) that such Securities, together with any coupons appertaining thereto, when completed by appropriate insertions and executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustees for authentication in accordance with this Indenture, authenticated and delivered by the Trustees, or either of them, in accordance with this Indenture and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and to general equitable principles;

(d) that all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and delivery by the Company of such Securities, any coupons and of the supplemental indentures, if any, have been complied with and that authentication and delivery of such Securities and any coupons and the execution and delivery of the supplemental indentures, if any, by the Trustees will not violate the terms of the Indenture;

(e) that the Company has the corporate power to issue such Securities and any coupons, and has duly taken all necessary corporate action with respect to such issuance; and

(f) that the issuance of such Securities and any coupons will not contravene the articles of incorporation or continuance, or such other constating documents then in effect, if any, or by-laws, in each case, of the Company, or result in any violation of any of the terms or provisions of any applicable law or regulation in the United States or Canada or of any indenture, mortgage or other agreement known to such Counsel by which the Company is bound.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.01 and of the preceding two paragraphs, if not all the Securities of any series are to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officer’s Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.01 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to the preceding two paragraphs prior to or at the time of issuance of each Security, but such documents shall be delivered prior to or at the time of issuance of the first Security of such series.

The Trustees shall not be required to authenticate and deliver any such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustees’ own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustees.

Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication and each Bearer Security shall be dated as of the date specified as contemplated by Section 3.01.

No Security or coupon shall entitle a Holder to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein duly executed by the Authenticating Agent by manual signature of an authorized officer, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustees for cancellation as provided

 

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in Section 3.09 together with a written statement (which need not comply with Section 1.02 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never entitle a Holder to the benefits of this Indenture.

Section 3.04. Temporary Securities.

Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustees, or either of them, shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form or, if authorized, in bearer form with one or more coupons or without coupons, and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Such temporary Securities may be in global form.

Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form (which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions of the following paragraphs), if temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series (accompanied by any unmatured coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall execute and either Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations; provided, however, that no definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; and provided further that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 3.03. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

Without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the date specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary global Security (the “Exchange Date”), the Company shall deliver to the Trustees definitive Securities, in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such temporary global Security, executed by the Company.

Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor authenticated and delivered hereunder.

Section 3.05. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

So long as required by Trust Indenture Legislation, the Company shall cause to be kept a securities register (the “Central Register”) of Holders of each series of Securities maintained in compliance with the Trust Indenture Legislation. The Company will cause the particulars of each such issue,

 

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exchange or transfer of Securities to be recorded in the Central Register. The Company initially appoints _____________ as the central security registrar (the “Central Security Registrar”) for the purpose of maintaining the Central Register at its Corporate Trust Office.

The Company may, subject to the consent of the Trustees, also cause to be maintained a branch register (a “Branch Register”) or Branch Registers of Holders of Securities in accordance with Section 10.02 in the same manner and containing the same information with respect to each entry contained therein as contained in the Central Register. A copy of every entry in a Branch Register shall, promptly after the entry is made, be transmitted to the Central Security Registrar. If there is a conflict between the information contained in the Central Register and the information contained in the Branch Register, the information contained in the Central Register shall prevail. The Central Register together with each Branch Register are collectively referred to herein as the “Security Register”. At all reasonable times, the Security Register shall be open to inspection by the Trustees. ______________ is hereby initially appointed as branch security registrar (the “Branch Security Registrar”) for the purpose of maintaining a Branch Register at its Corporate Trust Office; provided, however, the Company may appoint from time to time one or more successor or additional Branch Security Registrars and may from time to time rescind any such appointment. The Central Security Registrar together with each Branch Security Registrar are referred to herein as each a “Security Registrar” or collectively, the “Security Registrar”, as the context may require. In addition, ______________ is hereby initially appointed as transfer and exchange agent (the “Transfer Agent”) for the Securities; provided, however, the Company may appoint from time to time one or more successor or additional Transfer Agent(s) and may from time to time rescind any such appointment.

Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee, one or more new Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor.

At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Registered Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. Unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 3.01, Bearer Securities may not be issued in exchange for Registered Securities. The applicable Security Registrar(s) shall update the applicable Security Register(s), and the Authenticating Agent shall immediately provide a copy of the newly Authenticated Security to the Central Security Registrar so that the Central Register may be updated.

If (but only if) expressly permitted in or pursuant to the applicable Board Resolution and (subject to Section 3.03) set forth in the applicable Officer’s Certificate, or in any indenture supplemental hereto, delivered as contemplated by Section 3.01, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities of any series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender of the Bearer

 

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Securities to be exchanged at the office of the Transfer Agent, with all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default thereto appertaining. If the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured coupon or coupons or matured coupon or coupons in default, any such permitted exchange may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing coupon or coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustees if there is furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount of such payment; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.02, interest represented by coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons at an office or agency located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such office or agency in a permitted exchange for a Registered Security of the same series and like tenor after the close of business at such office or agency on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, and interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, any permanent global Security shall be exchangeable only as provided in this paragraph. If any beneficial owner of an interest in a permanent global Security is entitled to exchange such interest for Securities of such series and of like tenor and principal amount of another authorized form and denomination, as contemplated by Section 3.01 and provided that any applicable notice provided in the permanent global Security shall have been given to the Company, the Trustees and the Depositary, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which such interest may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Transfer Agent definitive Securities in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such beneficial owner’s interest in such permanent global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such permanent global Security shall be surrendered by the Depositary to the Transfer Agent, as the Company’s agent for such purpose, to be exchanged in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Securities without charge, and the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for each portion of such permanent global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such permanent global Security to be exchanged which, unless the Securities of the series are not issuable both as Bearer Securities and as Registered Securities, as specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, shall be in the form of Bearer Securities or Registered Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be

 

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specified by the beneficial owner thereof. The Transfer Agent shall promptly provide to the Depositary a replacement global Security in the aggregate principal amount of the global Security not being so exchanged. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of Securities to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption Date if the Security for which exchange is requested may be among those selected for redemption; and provided, further, that no Bearer Security delivered in exchange for a portion of a permanent global Security shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any location in the United States. If a Registered Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global Security after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange occurs on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

Transfers of global Securities shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to the Depositary, its successors or their respective nominees. If at any time the Depositary of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualifies to continue as Depositary of such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, the Company shall appoint a successor depositary with respect to the Securities for such series. If a successor to the Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, the Company’s election pursuant to Section 3.01 shall no longer be effective with respect to the Securities for such series and the Company will execute, and the Authenticating Agent, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver Securities of such series in definitive, registered form, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such global Security or Securities.

The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that the Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more global Securities shall no longer be represented by such global Security or Securities. In such event the Company will execute, and the Authenticating Agent, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver Securities of such series in definitive, registered form, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such global Security or Securities.

Interests of a beneficial owner in global Securities may also be transferred or exchanged for definitive Securities if, after the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to such Securities, and while such Event of Default is continuing, such owner notifies the Trustees in writing that it wishes to receive a Security in definitive, registered form and provides to the Trustees evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Trustees of its ownership interest in such Securities. In such event

 

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the Company will execute, and the Authenticating Agent, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver Securities of such series in definitive, registered form, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such global Security or Securities.

Upon the exchange of a global Security for Securities in definitive registered form, such global Security shall be cancelled by the [___] Trustee. Securities issued in exchange for a global Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the [___] Trustee in writing. The [___] Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar or applicable securities transfer industry practices) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

Any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities may be subject to service charges by the Transfer Agent and the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.04, 9.06 or 11.07 not involving any transfer.

The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any series in definitive form during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the selection for redemption of Securities of that series under Section 11.03 or 12.03 and ending at the close of business on (A) if Securities of the series are issuable only as Registered Securities, the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption and (B) if Securities of the series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the day of the first publication of the relevant notice of redemption or, (C) if Securities of the series are also issuable as Registered Securities and there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security in definitive form so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part, or (iii) to exchange any Bearer Security so selected for redemption except that such a Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of that series and like tenor; provided that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously surrendered for redemption, or (iv) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security in definitive form which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

 

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Section 3.06. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to it is surrendered to either Trustee, the Company shall execute and either Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security, or, in case any such mutilated Security or coupon has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security, pay such Security or coupon. If there shall be delivered to the Company and to either Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or coupon and (ii) such security (or surety in the case of the Canadian Trustee) or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustees that such Security or coupon has been acquired by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the UCC), the Company shall execute and upon Company order either Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the Security for which a destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains (with all appurtenant coupons not destroyed, lost or stolen), a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs, in case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or coupon has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new security, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security to which such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, pay such Security or coupon; provided, however, that payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Bearer Securities shall, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.02, be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, any interest on Bearer Securities shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto.

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustees) connected therewith.

Every new Security of any series with its coupons, if any, issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for a Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security and its coupons, if any, or the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and the Holders of such Security shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with the Holders of any and all other Securities of that series and their coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

 

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The provisions of this Section as amended or supplemented pursuant to this Indenture with respect to particular securities or generally are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons.

Section 3.07. Payment of Principal; Premium; Interest; Interest Rights Preserved; Optional Interest Reset.

(a) Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any series of securities, principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on any Registered Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date or other date in which the principal of, and premium, if any, is payable shall be paid by the Paying Agent to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such principal, premium or interest, as the case may be, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 10.02; provided, however, that each installment of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on any Registered Security may at the Company’s option be paid by mailing a check for such interest, payable to or upon the written order of the Person entitled thereto pursuant to Section 3.08, to the address of such Person as it appears on the Security Register.

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to the Securities of any series, payment of interest, if any, may be made, in the case of a Bearer Security, by transfer to an account located outside the United States maintained by the payee.

Any interest on any Registered Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such defaulted interest and, if applicable, interest on such defaulted interest (to the extent lawful) at the rate specified in the Securities of such series (such defaulted interest and, if applicable, interest thereon herein collectively called “Defaulted Interest”) may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

(2) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustees in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with either Trustee an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 3.11(b), 3.11(d) and 3.11(e)) equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustees for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustees shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the

 

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receipt by the Trustees of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustees shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given in the manner provided in Section 1.06, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so given, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose name the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

(3) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and, upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustees of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustees.

Section 3.08. Persons Deemed Owners.

Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustees and any agent of the Company or the Trustees may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 3.05 and 3.07) interest, if any, on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever (other than the payment of Additional Amounts, if any), whether or not such Security be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustees or any agent of the Company or the Trustees shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

Title to any Bearer Security and any coupons appertaining thereto shall pass by delivery. The Company, the Trustees and any agent of the Company or the Trustees may treat the bearer of any Bearer Security and the bearer of any coupon as the absolute owner of such Security or coupon for the purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security or coupons be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustees or any agent of the Company or the Trustees shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

None of the Company, the Trustees, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any global Security, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustees, or any agent of the Company or the Trustees, from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by any depositary, as a Holder, with respect to such global Security or impair, as between such depositary and owners of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of such depositary (or its nominee) as Holder of such global Security.

 

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Section 3.09. Cancellation.

All Securities and coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder, registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any current or future sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than a Trustee, be delivered to a Trustee. All securities and coupons so delivered to either Trustee shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to either Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to either Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to such Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by such Trustee. If the Company shall so acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to a Trustee for cancellation. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by a Trustee shall be disposed of by such Trustee in accordance with its customary procedures and certification of their disposal delivered to the Company unless by Company Order the Company shall direct that cancelled Securities be returned to it.

Section 3.10. Computation of Interest.

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any Securities, interest, if any, on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. For the purposes of disclosure under the Interest Act (Canada), the yearly rate of interest to which interest calculated under a Security for any period in any calendar year (the “calculation period”) is equivalent, is the rate payable under a Security in respect of the calculation period multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the actual number of days in such calendar year and the denominator of which is the actual number of days in the calculation period. If the Canadian Trustee is appointed Paying Agent, it shall be entitled to rely on the calculations to be provided by the Company.

Section 3.11. Currency and Manner of Payments in Respect of Securities.

(a) With respect to Registered Securities of any series not permitting the election provided for in paragraph (b) below or the Holders of which have not made the election provided for in paragraph (b) below, and with respect to Bearer Securities of any series, except as provided in paragraph (d) below, payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Registered or Bearer Security of such series will be made in the Currency in which such Registered Security or Bearer Security, as the case may be, is payable. The provisions of this Section may be modified or superseded with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01.

(b) It may be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to Registered Securities of any series that Holders shall have the option, subject to paragraphs (d) and (e) below, to receive payments of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on such Registered Securities in any of the Currencies which may be designated for such election by delivering to the Trustees a written election with signature guarantees and in the applicable form established

 

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pursuant to Section 3.01, not later than the close of business on the Election Date immediately preceding the applicable payment date. If the Canadian Trustee is appointed Paying Agent, the ability to receive payments of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any in the Currency designated for election will be subject to the Canadian Trustee’s ability, as Paying Agent, to accommodate payment in the Currency elected. If a Holder so elects to receive such payments in any such Currency, such election will remain in effect for such Holder or any transferee of such Holder until changed by such Holder or such transferee by written notice to the Trustees (but any such change must be made not later than the close of business on the Election Date immediately preceding the next payment date to be effective for the payment to be made on such payment date and no such change of election may be made with respect to payments to be made on any Registered Security of such series with respect to which an Event of Default has occurred or with respect to which the Company has deposited funds pursuant to Article Four or Thirteen or with respect to which a notice of redemption has been given by the Company or a notice of option to elect repayment has been sent by such Holder or such transferee). Any Holder of any such Registered Security who shall not have delivered any such election to the Trustees not later than the close of business on the applicable Election Date will be paid the amount due on the applicable payment date in the relevant Currency as provided in Section 3.11(a). The Trustees shall notify the Exchange Rate Agent as soon as practicable after the Election Date of the aggregate principal amount of Registered Securities for which Holders have made such written election.

(c) Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, if the election referred to in paragraph (b) above has been provided for pursuant to Section 3.01, then, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, not later than the fourth Business Day after the Election Date for each payment date for Registered Securities of any series, the Exchange Rate Agent will deliver to the Company a written notice specifying, in the Currency in which Registered Securities of such series are payable, the respective aggregate amounts of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Registered Securities to be paid on such payment date, specifying the amounts in such Currency so payable in respect of the Registered Securities as to which the Holders of Registered Securities of such series shall have elected to be paid in another currency as provided in paragraph (b) above. If the election referred to in paragraph (b) above has been provided for pursuant to Section 3.01 and if at least one Holder has made such election, then, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, on the second Business Day preceding such payment date the Company will deliver to the Trustees for such series of Registered Securities an Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate in respect of the Dollar or Foreign Currency payments to be made on such payment date. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, the Dollar or Foreign Currency amount receivable by Holders of Registered Securities who have elected payment in a Currency as provided in paragraph (b) above shall be determined by the Company on the basis of the applicable Market Exchange Rate in effect on the third Business Day (the “Valuation Date”) immediately preceding each payment date, and such determination shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.

(d) If a Conversion Event occurs with respect to a Foreign Currency in which any of the Securities are denominated or payable other than pursuant to an election provided for pursuant to paragraph (b) above, then, with respect to each date for the payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the applicable Securities denominated or payable in such Foreign Currency occurring after the last date on which such Foreign Currency was used (the “Conversion Date”), the Dollar shall be the Currency of payment for use on each such payment

 

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date. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, the Dollar amount to be paid by the Company to the Trustees and by the Trustees or any Paying Agent to the Holders of such Securities with respect to such payment date shall be, in the case of a Foreign Currency other than a currency unit, the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency or, in the case of a currency unit, the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, in each case as determined by the Exchange Rate Agent in the manner provided in paragraph (f) or (g) below.

(e) Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, if the Holder of a Registered Security denominated in any Currency shall have elected to be paid in another Currency as provided in paragraph (b) above, and a Conversion Event occurs with respect to such elected Currency, such Holder shall receive payment in the Currency in which payment would have been made in the absence of such election; and if a Conversion Event occurs with respect to the Currency in which payment would have been made in the absence of such election, such Holder shall receive payment in Dollars as provided in paragraph (d) above.

(f) The “Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency” shall be determined by the Exchange Rate Agent and shall be obtained for each subsequent payment date by converting the specified Foreign Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate on the Conversion Date.

(g) The “Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit” shall be determined by the Exchange Rate Agent and subject to the provisions of paragraph (h) below shall be the sum of each amount obtained by converting the Specified Amount of each Component Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate for such Component Currency on the Valuation Date with respect to each payment.

(h) For purposes of this Section the following terms shall have the following meanings:

A “Component Currency” shall mean any Currency which, on the Conversion Date, was a component currency of the relevant currency unit.

A “Specified Amount” of a Component Currency shall mean the number of units of such Component Currency or fractions thereof which were represented in the relevant currency unit on the Conversion Date. If after the Conversion Date the official unit of any Component Currency is altered by way of combination or subdivision, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall be divided or multiplied in the same proportion. If after the Conversion Date two or more Component Currencies are consolidated into a single currency, the respective Specified Amounts of such Component Currencies shall be replaced by an amount in such single Currency equal to the sum of the respective Specified Amounts of such consolidated Component Currencies expressed in such single Currency, and such amount shall thereafter be a Specified Amount and such single Currency shall thereafter be a Component Currency. If after the Conversion Date any Component Currency shall be divided into two or more currencies, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall be replaced by amounts of such two or more currencies, having an aggregate Dollar Equivalent value at the Market Exchange Rate on the date of such replacement equal to the Dollar Equivalent value of the Specified Amount of such former Component Currency at the Market Exchange Rate immediately before such division and such amounts shall thereafter be Specified Amounts and such currencies shall thereafter be Component Currencies. If, after the

 

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Conversion Date of the relevant currency unit, a Conversion Event (other than any event referred to above in this definition of “Specified Amount”) occurs with respect to any Component Currency of such currency unit and is continuing on the applicable Valuation Date, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall, for purposes of calculating the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, be converted into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate in effect on the Conversion Date of such Component Currency.

“Election Date” shall mean the date for any series of Registered Securities as specified pursuant to clause (15) of Section 3.01 by which the written election referred to in paragraph (b) above may be made.

All decisions and determinations of the Exchange Rate Agent regarding the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency, the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, the Market Exchange Rate and changes in the Specified Amounts as specified above shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company, the Trustees and all Holders of such Securities denominated or payable in the relevant Currency. The Exchange Rate Agent shall promptly give written notice to the Company and the Trustees of any such decision or determination.

In the event that the Company determines in good faith that a Conversion Event has occurred with respect to a Foreign Currency, the Company will immediately give written notice thereof to the Trustees and to the Exchange Rate Agent (and the Trustees will promptly thereafter give notice in the manner provided for in Section 1.06 to the affected Holders) specifying the Conversion Date. In the event the Company so determines that a Conversion Event has occurred with respect to any currency unit in which Securities are denominated or payable, the Company will immediately give written notice thereof to the Trustees and to the Exchange Rate Agent (and the Trustees will promptly thereafter give notice in the manner provided for in Section 1.06 to the affected Holders) specifying the Conversion Date and the Specified Amount of each Component Currency on the Conversion Date. In the event the Company determines in good faith that any subsequent change in any Component Currency as set forth in the definition of Specified Amount above has occurred, the Company will similarly give written notice to the Trustees and the Exchange Rate Agent.

The Trustees shall be fully justified and protected in relying and acting upon information received by it from the Company and the Exchange Rate Agent and shall not otherwise have any duty or obligation to determine the accuracy or validity of such information independent of the Company or the Exchange Rate Agent.

Section 3.12. Appointment and Resignation of Successor Exchange Rate Agent.

(a) Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated in a Currency other than Dollars or (ii) may be payable in a Currency other than Dollars, or so long as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one Exchange Rate Agent. The Company will cause the Exchange Rate Agent to make the necessary foreign exchange determinations at the time and in the manner specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the purpose of determining the applicable rate of exchange and, if

 

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applicable, for the purpose of converting the issued Currency into the applicable payment Currency for the payment of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, pursuant to Section 3.11.

(b) No resignation of the Exchange Rate Agent and no appointment of a successor Exchange Rate Agent pursuant to this Section shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Exchange Rate Agent as evidenced by a written instrument delivered to the Company and the Trustees.

(c) If the Exchange Rate Agent shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of the Exchange Rate Agent for any cause with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Exchange Rate Agent or Exchange Rate Agents with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Exchange Rate Agent may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, at any time there shall only be one Exchange Rate Agent with respect to the Securities of any particular series that are originally issued by the Company on the same date and that are initially denominated and/or payable in the same Currency).

ARTICLE FOUR

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

Section 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Request (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of such series expressly provided for herein or pursuant hereto and any right to receive Additional Amounts, if any) and the Trustees, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series when (1) either (a) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered and all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto (other than (i) coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities surrendered for exchange for Registered Securities and maturing after such exchange, whose surrender is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 3.05, (ii) Securities and coupons of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.06, (iii) coupons appertaining to Securities called for redemption and maturing after the relevant Redemption Date, whose surrender has been waived as provided in Section 11.06, and (iv) Securities and coupons of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust with either Trustee or any Paying Agent or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company, as provided in Section 10.03) have been delivered to either Trustee for cancellation; or

(a) all Securities of such series and, in the case of (i) or (ii) below, any coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to either Trustee for cancellation

(i) have become due and payable, or

 

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(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

(iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustees for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustees in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with either Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose an amount in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to such Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any), interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustees an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustees under Section 6.07, the obligations of the Trustees to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.12 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustees pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustees under Section 4.02 and the last paragraph of Section 10.03 shall survive.

Section 4.02. Application of Trust Money.

Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.03, all money deposited with the Trustees pursuant to Section 4.01 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities, the coupons and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustees may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustees; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

ARTICLE FIVE

REMEDIES

Section 5.01. Events of Default.

“Event of Default”, wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or

 

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order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to a supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 3.01 of this indenture:

(1) default in the payment of any interest (including Additional Amounts, if any) due on any Security of that series, or any related coupon, when such interest or coupon becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

(2) default in the payment of the principal (or premium, if any), or any Additional Amounts in respect of any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

(3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund or analogous payment when due by the terms of any Security of that series and Article Twelve; or

(4) default in the performance, or breach, of any of the covenants contained in Article Eight of this Indenture and the continuance of such default or breach for a period of 30 days; or

(5) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture which affects or is applicable to the Securities of that series (other than a covenant or agreement, a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustees or to the Company and the Trustees by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or

(6) the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises adjudging the Company bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under or subject to applicable U.S. and/or Canadian federal, provincial, territorial, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous laws, or the issuance of a sequestration order or the (appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or in receipt of any substantial part of the property of the Company, and any such decree, order or appointment continues unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

(7) the institution by the Company of proceedings to be adjudicated bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under or subject to applicable U.S. and/or Canadian federal, provincial, territorial, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous laws or the consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally

 

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as they become due or the taking by it of corporate action in furtherance of any of the aforesaid purposes; or

(8) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series.

Section 5.02. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case, either Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all of the Securities of that series and all interest thereon to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustees if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified portion thereof) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7) occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all the Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustees or any Holder.

At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by either Trustee as hereinafter provided in this Article, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be), by written notice to the Company and the Trustees, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

(1) the Company has paid or deposited with either Trustee a sum sufficient to pay in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 3.11(b), 3.11(d) and 3.11(e)),

(a) all overdue interest, if any, on all Outstanding Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be) and any related coupons,

(b) all unpaid principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Outstanding Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be) which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration, and interest on such unpaid principal (and premium, if any) at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

(c) to the extent that payment of such interest is legally enforceable, interest on overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and

(d) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustees hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustees, their agents and counsel; and

 

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(2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be), other than the non-payment of amounts of principal of (or premium, if any, on) or interest on Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be) which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 5.03. Collection of Debt and Suits for Enforcement by Trustees.

The Company covenants that if

(1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest on any Security and any related coupon when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

(2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

then the Company will, upon demand of either Trustee, pay to the [___] Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and coupons, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, and interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustees, their agents and counsel.

If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, each of the Trustees, in its own name as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) occurs and is continuing, either Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series (or of all series, as the case may be) by such appropriate judicial proceedings as such Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

Section 5.04. Trustees May File Proofs of Claim.

In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, each Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether either

 

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Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal, premium, if any, or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

(i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any), or such portion of the principal amount of any series of Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities as may be specified in the terms of such series, and interest, if any, owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of such Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

(ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to such Trustee and, in the event that such Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to such Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of each Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due to such Trustee under Section 6.07.

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustees to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustees to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

Section 5.05. Trustees May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustees without the possession of any of the Securities or coupons or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by a Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities and coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

Section 5.06. Application of Money Collected.

Any money collected by a Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustees and, in case of the distribution of such money on account or principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, upon presentation of the Securities or coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

First: to the payment of all amounts due the Trustees under Section 6.07;

 

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Second: to the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities and coupons in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, respectively; and

Third: the balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled thereto.

Section 5.07. Limitation on Suits.

No Holder of any Security of any series or any related coupons shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustees of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

(2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series in the case of any Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)), or, in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.01, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities, shall have made written request to the Trustees to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in their own names as Trustees hereunder;

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustees reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(4) the Trustees for 60 days after their receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity have failed to institute any such proceeding; and

(5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustees during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority or more in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series in the case of any Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)), or in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.01, by the Holders of a majority or more in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders of Securities of the same series, in the case of any Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)), or of Holders of all Securities in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.01, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all Holders of Securities of the same series, in the case of any Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)), or of Holders of all Securities’ in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.01.

 

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Section 5.08. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest.

Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment, as provided herein (including, if applicable, Article Thirteen) and in such Security, of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 3.07) interest, if any, on, such Security or payment of such coupon on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security or coupon (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and subject to the limitations on a Holder’s ability to institute suit contained Section 5.07, to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

Section 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

If either Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to such Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustees and the Holders of Securities and coupons shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustees and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons in the last paragraph of Section 3.06, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustees or to the Holders of Securities or coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

No delay or omission of the Trustees or of any Holder of any Security or coupon to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustees or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustees or by the Holders, as the case may be.

Section 5.12. Control by Holders.

With respect to the Securities of any series, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustees, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustees, relating to or arising under an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)), and, with respect to all Securities,

 

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the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustees, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustees, not relating to or arising under an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)), provided that in each case

(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,

(2) the Trustees may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustees which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

(3) the Trustees need not take any action which might involve them in personal liability or be unjustly prejudicial to the Holders of Securities of such series not consenting.

Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults.

Subject to Section 5.02, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default or Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or 5.01(7)) (or, in the case of an Event of Default described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.01, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities may waive any such past default), and its consequences, except a default

(1) in respect of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security or any related coupon, or

(2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security of such series affected.

Upon any such waiver, any such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 5.14. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws.

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustees, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

 

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Section 5.15. Undertaking for Costs.

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against either Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in Trust Indenture Legislation; provided, however, that neither this Section nor the provisions of Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act shall apply to any suit instituted by either Trustee or by any Holder or group of Holders holding more than 10% in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities or by any Holder of any Security on any suit for the enforcement of the right to receive the principal of and interest (including any Additional Amounts) on any such Securities.

ARTICLE SIX

THE TRUSTEES

Section 6.01. Notice of Defaults.

Each Trustee shall promptly give the other Trustee notice of any Default or Event of Default known to it. Within a reasonable time, but no more than 30 days after either Trustee has knowledge of any Default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, one or both of the Trustees shall transmit in the manner and to the extent provided in Trust Indenture Legislation, notice of such Default hereunder known to either Trustee, unless such Default shall have been cured or waived (and, in the case where such Default shall have been cured, the Trustees shall notify the Holders in writing of such cure in writing within a reasonable time, but not exceeding 30 days, after the Trustees have become aware that the Default has been cured); provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such series, the Trustees shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of each Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the best interest of the Holders of Securities of such series and any related coupons and so advises the Company in writing; and provided further that in the case of any Default of the character specified in Section 5.01(5) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 10 days after the occurrence thereof.

Section 6.02. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustees.

(a) The Trustees, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing of all Events of Default that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of any series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustees.

(b) In all instances, in the exercise of the powers, rights, duties and obligations prescribed or conferred by the terms of this Indenture, each Trustee shall act honestly and in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner with a view to the best interests of the Holders and exercise that degree of care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent trustee in respect of

 

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indentures for the purpose of issuing corporate debt obligations would exercise in comparable circumstances. No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from its duties, except to the extent permitted by Trust Indenture Legislation.

(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve each Trustee from liability for its own actions or failure to act in accordance with Subsection 6.02(b), except that:

(i) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default that may have occurred:

(A) the duties and obligations of each Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustees shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustees; and

(B) in the absence of bad faith on the part of either Trustee, such Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustees and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture and Trust Indenture Legislation; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustees, the Trustees shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture; provided, however, the Canadian Trustee shall not be required to determine whether the certificates or opinions presented to it conform to the TIA and the U.S. Trustee shall not be required to determine whether the certificates or opinions presented to it conform to Canadian Trust Indenture Legislation.

(ii) the Trustees shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer of such Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee failed to act in accordance with Subsection 6.02(b) in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

(iii) the Trustees shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by them in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustees, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustees under this Indenture;

(iv) none of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require either Trustee to expend or risk their own funds or otherwise incur personal or any financial liability in the performance of any of their duties or in the exercise of any of their rights or powers, if there is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or

 

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liability’ is not reasonably assured to them under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to them; and

(v) whether or not therein expressly so provided, except to the extent expressly provided herein to the contrary, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or effecting the liability or affording protection to the Trustees shall be subject to the provisions of this Section.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.02 or any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities, the Trustees will not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any Event of Default or any other fact that would prohibit the making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustees, or the taking of any other action by the Trustees, unless and until the Trustees have received written notice thereof from the Company or any Holder.

Section 6.03. Certain Rights of Trustees.

Subject to the provisions of TIA Sections 315(a) through 315(d):

(1) the Trustees may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by them to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

(2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

(3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustees shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, each Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officer’s Certificate;

(4) the Trustees may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by them hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

(5) the Trustees shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any related coupons pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustees reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by them in compliance with such request or direction;

(6) the Trustees shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustees, in their discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as they may see fit, and, if the Trustees shall determine to make such further

 

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inquiry or investigation, they shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

(7) in an Event of Default, the Trustees’ powers shall not be infringed upon so long as they act in accordance with Subsection 6.02(b);

(8) the Trustees may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustees shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by them hereunder; and

(9) the Trustees shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by them in good faith and believed by them to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon them by this Indenture.

Section 6.04. Trustees Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except for a Trustee’s certificates of authentication, and in any coupons shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and neither Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustees make no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities or coupons, except that the Trustees represent that they are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities and perform their obligations hereunder and that the statements made by the U.S. Trustee in any application to the Commission in respect of eligibility to serve as a trustee under the Trust Indenture Act are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof. Nothing herein contained will impose on either Trustee any obligation to see to, or to require evidence of, the registration or filing (or renewal thereof) of this Indenture or any supplemental indenture. The Trustees shall not be bound to give notice to any person of the execution hereof.

Section 6.05. May Hold Securities.

The Trustees, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company or of the Trustees, in their individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and coupons and, subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311, may otherwise deal with the Company, including, without limitation, as a creditor of the Company, with the same rights they would have if they were not Trustees, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent. A Trustee that has resigned or was removed shall remain subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent provided therein.

Section 6.06. Money Held in Trust.

Money held by the Trustees in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustees shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by them hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

 

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Section 6.07. Compensation and Reimbursement.

The Company agrees:

(1) to pay to the Trustees from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by them hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); any invoices which remain outstanding for 30 days following the date of invoice shall accrue interest at the then current rate of interest charged by the Canadian Trustee to it corporate clients;

(2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustees upon their request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustees in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of their agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to their negligence or bad faith; and

(3) to indemnify the Trustees for, and to hold them and their directors, officers, agents, representatives, successors, assigns and employees harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and other reasonable costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder.

The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate the Trustees, to pay or reimburse the Trustees for expenses, disbursements and advances and to indemnify and hold harmless the Trustees shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee. As security for the performance of such obligations of the Company, the Trustees shall have a claim prior to the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustees as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on particular Securities or any coupons.

When the Trustees incur expenses or render services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(6) or (7), the expenses (including reasonable charges and expense of its counsel) of and the compensation for such services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable U.S. or Canadian federal, state, provincial or territorial bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law.

The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture.

Section 6.08. Corporate Trustees Required; Eligibility.

(1) To the extent required by applicable Trust Indenture Legislation, there shall be at all times a U.S. Trustee hereunder which shall be eligible to act as Trustee under TIA Section 310(a)(1) and, together with its immediate parent, shall have a combined capital and surplus in a sufficient amount as required under the Trust Indenture Act. If any such U.S. Trustee publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of U.S. federal, state, territorial or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority, then for the

 

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purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such U.S. Trustee shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time any such U.S. Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

(2) For so long as required by Trust Indenture Legislation, there shall be a Canadian Trustee under this Indenture. The Canadian Trustee shall at all times be a resident or authorized to do business in the Province of British Columbia and any other province or territory in Canada where Holders may be resident from time to time. The Canadian Trustee represents and warrants that no material conflict of interest exists in the Canadian Trustee’s role as a fiduciary hereunder and agrees that in the event of a material conflict of interest arising hereafter it will, within 3 months after ascertaining that it has such material conflict of interest, either eliminate the same or resign its trust hereunder. If any such material conflict of interests exists or hereafter shall exist, the validity and enforceability of this Indenture, the security interest constituted by or hereunder and the Securities issued hereunder shall not be affected in any manner whatsoever by reason thereof.

(3) The Trustees will not be required to give any bond or security in respect of the execution of the trusts and powers set out in this Indenture or otherwise in respect of the premises.

(4) Neither Trustee nor any Affiliate of either Trustee shall be appointed a receiver or receiver and manager or liquidator of all or any part of the assets or undertaking of the Company.

Section 6.09. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

(1) No resignation or removal of either Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.10.

(2) Either Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.10 shall not have been delivered to such Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

(3) Either Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to such Trustee and to the Company.

(4) If at any time:

(a) either Trustee shall acquire any conflicting interest as defined in TIA Section 310(b) and fail to comply with the provisions of TIA Section 310(b)(i) (to the extent such TIA provisions are then applicable), or

 

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(b) either Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of TIA Section 310(b) after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months (to the extent such TIA provisions are then applicable), or

(c) either Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.08 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

(d) either Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of such Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of such Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by a Board Resolution, may remove such Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to TIA Section 315(e), any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of such Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

(5) If either Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of the U.S. Trustee or the Canadian Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series) provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to appoint a successor Trustee to (i) the U.S. Trustee, if the U.S. Trustee resigns or is removed and a U.S. Trustee under this Indenture is not required under applicable Trust Indenture Legislation; and (ii) the Canadian Trustee, if the Canadian Trustee resigns or is removed and a Canadian Trustee under this Indenture is not required under applicable Trust Indenture Legislation. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

(6) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of a Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to the Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided for in Section 1.06. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

 

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(7) If either a U.S. Trustee or a Canadian Trustee under this Indenture is not required by applicable Trust Indenture Legislation, then the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the U.S. Trustee or the Canadian Trustee, as applicable.

Section 6.10. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

(1) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

(2) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. Whenever there is a successor Trustee with respect to one or more (but less than all) series of Securities issued pursuant to this Indenture, the terms “Indenture” and “Securities” shall have the meanings specified in the provisos to the respective definitions of those terms in Section 1.01 which contemplate such situation.

 

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(3) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

(4) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

Section 6.11. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

Any corporation into which either Trustee or its corporate trust business may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which either Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of either Trustee, shall be the successor of such Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by a Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In case any of the Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any successor Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee. In all such cases such certificates shall have the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of such Trustee; provided, however, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Securities in the name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.

Section 6.12. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

At any time when any of the Securities remain outstanding, the Company may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents (which may one or both of the Trustees), with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustees to authenticate Securities of such series and the Trustees shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, in the manner provided for in Section 1.06. Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Authenticating Agent hereunder. Any such appointment shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustees, and a copy of such instrument shall be promptly furnished to the Company. In the case of the Canadian Trustee, the instrument appointing an Authenticating Agent shall be signed on behalf of the Trustee by the board of directors or any two of Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary, Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents, Regional Vice Presidents or Vice Presidents, in accordance with their by-laws. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustees or either Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustees by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustees by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the

 

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Company. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustees or the Authenticating Agent.

An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustees and to the Company. The Trustees may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustees may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, in the manner provided for in Section 1.06. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

The Trustees agree to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustees shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 6.07.

If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu of either Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following form:

(Certificate of Authentication may be executed by either Trustee)

                                     , as U.S. Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Dated:                                                                                  

 

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                                                                                  ,

 

as U.S. Trustee

By:

 

 

 

As Authenticating Agent

By:

 

 

 

Authorized Officer

                                     , as Canadian Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Dated:                                                                                  

 

                                                                                  ,

 

as Canadian Trustee

By:

 

 

 

As Authenticating Agent

By:

 

 

 

Authorized Officer

Section 6.13. Joint Trustees.

The rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred and imposed upon the Trustees are conferred and imposed upon and shall be exercised and performed by the U.S. Trustee and the Canadian Trustee individually, except to the extent the Trustees are required under Trust Indenture Legislation to perform such acts jointly, and neither Trustee shall be liable or responsible for the acts or omissions of the other Trustee. If the U.S. Trustee and Canadian Trustee are unable to agree

 

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jointly to act or refrain from acting, each of the Trustees shall make the decision in accordance with its applicable legislation. Unless the context implies or requires otherwise, any written notice, request, direction, certificate, instruction, opinion or other document (each such document, a “Writing”) delivered pursuant to any provision of this Indenture to any of the U.S. Trustee or the Canadian Trustee shall be deemed for all purposes of this Indenture as delivery of such Writing to the Trustee. Each such trustee in receipt of such writing shall notify such other trustee of its receipt of such Writing within two Business Days of such receipt provided, however, that any failure of such trustee in receipt of such Writing to so notify such other trustee shall not be deemed as a deficiency in the delivery of such Writing to the Trustee.

Section 6.14. Other Rights of Trustees.

Each Trustee shall retain the right not to act and shall not be liable for refusing to act if, due to a lack of information or for any other reason whatsoever, either Trustee, in its sole judgment, determines that such act might cause it to be in non-compliance with any applicable anti-money laundering or anti-terrorist legislation, regulation or guideline. Further, should either Trustee, in its sole judgment, determine at any time that its acting under this Indenture has resulted in its being in non-compliance with any applicable anti-money laundering or anti-terrorist legislation, regulation or guideline, then it shall have the right to resign on 10 days written notice to all parties provided (i) that such Trustee’s written notice shall describe the circumstances of such non-compliance; and (ii) that if such circumstances are rectified to such Trustee’s satisfaction within such 10 day period, then such resignation shall not be effective.

The parties hereto acknowledge that Canadian legislation addressing the protection of individuals’ personal information (collectively, “Privacy Laws”) applies to obligations and activities under this Indenture. Despite any other provision of this Indenture, neither party shall take or direct any action that would contravene, or cause the other to contravene, applicable Privacy Laws. The Company, prior to transferring, or causing to be transferred, personal information to the Canadian Trustee, shall obtain and retain required consents of the relevant individuals to the collection, use and disclosure of their personal information, or shall have determined that such consents either have been previously given and can be relied on or are not required under Privacy Laws. The Canadian Trustee shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that its services hereunder comply with Privacy Laws. Specifically, the Trustee agrees to (i) have designated a chief privacy officer; (ii) maintain policies and procedures to protect personal information and to receive and respond to any privacy complaint or inquiry; (iii) use personal information solely for the purposes of providing its services under or ancillary to this Indenture and not to use it for any other purpose except with the consent and direction of the Company; (iv) not sell or otherwise improperly disclose personal information to any third party; and (v) use employee administrative, physical and technological safeguards to reasonably secure and protect personal information against loss, theft or unauthorized access, use or modification.

It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that the Canadian Trustee may, in the course of providing services hereunder, collect or receive, use and disclose financial and other personal information about such parties and/or their representatives, as individuals, or about other individuals related to the subject matter hereof, and use such information for the following purposes:

 

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(i) to provide the services required under this Indenture and other services that may be requested from time to time;

(ii) to help the Canadian Trustee manage its servicing relationships with such individuals;

(iii) to meet the Canadian Trustee’s legal and regulatory requirements; and

(iv) if social insurance numbers are collected by the Canadian Trustee, to perform tax reporting and to assist in verification of an individual’s identity for security purposes.

Further, each party agrees that it shall not provide or cause to be provided to the Canadian Trustee any personal information relating to an individual who is not a party to this Indenture unless that party has assured itself that such individual understands and has consented to the aforementioned uses and disclosures. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Company and the Trustees may, without liability, disclose information about the Holders and Beneficial Owners or Potential Holders or Beneficial Owners of the Securities pursuant to subpoena or other order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or when otherwise required by applicable law.

Unless otherwise notified, the Trustees shall be entitled to assume that all payments have been made by the Company as required under this Indenture.

The Trustees may assume for the purposes of this Indenture that any address on the register of the Holders of the Securities is the holder’s actual address and is also determinative as to residency.

The Trustees shall have no obligation to ensure or verify compliance with any applicable laws or regulatory requirements on the issue, exercise or transfer of any Securities provided such issue, exercise or transfer, as the case may be, is effected in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. The Trustees shall be entitled to process all transfers of Securities upon the presumption that such transfers are permissible pursuant to all applicable laws and regulatory requirements. The Trustees shall have no obligation to ensure that legends appearing on the Securities certificates comply with regulatory requirements or securities laws of any applicable jurisdiction.

Except as provided in this Indenture, the Trustees shall retain the right not to act and shall not be held liable for refusing to act unless it has received clear and reasonable documentation which complies with the terms of this Indenture; such document must not require the exercise of any discretion or independent judgment.

Each Trustee hereby accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared and provided for and agrees to perform the same upon the terms and conditions herein set forth and to hold all rights, privileges and benefits conferred hereby and by law in trust for the various persons who shall from time to time be holders, subject to all the terms and conditions herein set forth.

 

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ARTICLE SEVEN

HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

Section 7.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (1) not more than 15 days after each Regular Record Date a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of such Regular Record Date; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to be furnished such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and at such times as the Trustee is acting as Security Registrar for the applicable series of Securities and (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished.

Section 7.02. Preservation of List of Names and Addresses of Holders.

The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 7.01 and as to the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee(s) in its or their capacity as Security Registrar for the applicable series of Securities (if acting in such capacity).

The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 7.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

Holders may communicate as provided in TIA Section 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities.

Section 7.03. Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders.

Every Holder of Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustees that none of the Company or the Trustees or any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with applicable Trust Indenture Legislation, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustees shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under TIA Section 312(b) or Section 93(1) of the BCBCA.

Section 7.04. Reports by Trustees.

(1) Commencing with the first year after the first issuance of Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the U.S. Trustee (if any) shall transmit to the Holders of Securities, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report dated as of such reporting date, if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

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(2) To the extent required by applicable Trust Indenture Legislation, the Trustees shall comply with Sections 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.

(3) A copy of such report shall, at the time of such transmission to the Holders, be filed by the U.S. Trustee (if any) with the Company (Attention: Chief Financial Officer), with each securities exchange upon which any of the Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustees when the Securities become listed on any securities exchange.

(4) A Holder may, upon payment to the Trustee of a reasonable fee, require the Trustee to furnish within 25 days after receiving the affidavit or statutory declaration referred to below, a list setting out (i) the name and address of every holder of Securities, (ii) the aggregate principal amount of Securities owned by each such Holder, and (iii) the aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding, each as shown on the records of the Trustee on the day that the affidavit or statutory declaration is delivered to the Trustee. The affidavit or statutory declaration, as the case may be, shall contain (i) the name and address of the Holder, (ii) where the applicant is a corporation, its name and mailing address and, if different, the delivery address of its registered office or equivalent, and (iii) a statement that the list will not be used except in connection with an effort to influence the voting of the Holders of Securities, an offer to acquire Securities, or any other matter relating to the Securities. Where the Holder is a corporation, the affidavit or statutory declaration shall be made by a director or officer of the corporation. Notwithstanding anything in this subsection to the contrary, Holders shall have the right to communicate with other Holders as described in Section 7.04(4) hereof.

Section 7.05. Reports by Issuer.

The Issuer shall file with the Trustees and the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Legislation at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto; provided that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission shall be filed with the Trustees within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the Commission.

ARTICLE EIGHT

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 8.01. Company May Consolidate, etc., only on Certain Terms.

The Company shall not amalgamate or consolidate with or merge into or enter into any statutory arrangement with any other Person, or, directly or indirectly, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, unless:

(1) the Person formed by or continuing from such amalgamation or consolidation or into which the Company is merged or with which it enters into such statutory arrangement or the Person which acquires by operation of law or by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company shall be a corporation, partnership or

 

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trust organized and validly existing under the laws of Canada or any province or territory thereof, the United States of America or any state thereof or the District of Columbia or, if such amalgamation, merger, consolidation, statutory arrangement or other transaction would not impair the rights of Holders, any other jurisdiction, and, unless the Company is the continuing corporation, shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustees, in form satisfactory to the Trustees, the Company’s obligation for the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on all the Securities and the performance and observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

(2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have happened and be continuing; and

(3) the Company or such Person shall have delivered to the Trustees an officers’ Certificate and an opinion of Counsel, each stating that such amalgamation, statutory arrangement, consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

Section 8.02. Successor Person Substituted.

Upon any amalgamation or consolidation by the Company with or merger by the Company into any other corporation or any conveyance, transfer or lease all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company to any Person in accordance with Section 8.01, the successor Person formed by such amalgamation or consolidation or into which the Company is merged, or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and in the event of any such conveyance or transfer, the Company (which term shall for this purpose mean the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture or any successor Person which shall theretofore become such in the manner described in Section 8.01), except in the case of a lease, shall be discharged of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities and the coupons and may be dissolved and liquidated.

ARTICLE NINE

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustees, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustees, for any of the following purposes:

(1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained herein and in the Securities; or

 

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(2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities and any related coupons (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or

(3) to add any additional Events of Default (and if such Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such Events of Default are being included solely for the benefit of such series); or

(4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of or any premium or interest on Bearer Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Bearer Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect; or

(5) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture; provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no Security which is Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

(6) to establish the form and terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.01 and 3.01; or

(7) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.10; or

(8) to close this Indenture with respect to the authentication and delivery of additional series of Securities, to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series and any related coupons in any material respect; or

(9) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Sections 4.01, 13.02 and 13.03; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series and any related coupons or any other series of securities in any material respect; or

(10) to modify, eliminate or add to the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to effect the qualifications of this Indenture under any applicable law of the United States and Canada or of any province or territory thereof to the extent they do not conflict with the applicable law of the United States heretofore or hereafter enacted; or

 

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(11) to change or eliminate any provisions where such change takes effect when there are no Securities of any series outstanding under this Indenture.

Section 9.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.

With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustees, the Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustees may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture which affect such series of Securities or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series,

(1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of (or premium, if any) or any installment of interest on any Security of such series, or reduce the principal amount thereof (or premium, if any) or the rate of interest, if any, thereon, or change any obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts, if any (except as contemplated by Section 8.01(1) and permitted by Section 9.01(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security of such series that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.04, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of any Holder of any Security of such series, or change any Place of Payment where, or the Currency in which, any Security of such series or any premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the Redemption Date or Repayment Date, as the case may be), or adversely affect any right to convert or exchange any Security as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 herein, or

(2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture which affect such series or certain defaults applicable to such series hereunder and their consequences provided for in this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 14.04 for quorum or voting with respect to Securities of such series, or

(3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or Section 10.08, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture which affect such series cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series.

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. Any such supplemental indenture adding any

 

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provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture, or modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series, shall not affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

Section 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustees shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the documents required by Section 1.02, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. Each Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects such Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 9.04. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

Section 9.05. Conformity with Trust Indenture Legislation.

Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of Trust Indenture Legislation as then in effect.

Section 9.06. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustees, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustees as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustees and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustees in exchange for outstanding Securities of such series.

Section 9.07. Notice of Supplemental Indentures.

Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustees of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.02, the Company shall give notice thereof to the Holders of each outstanding Security affected, in the manner provided for in Section 1.06, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture.

 

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ARTICLE TEN

COVENANTS

Section 10.01. Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, and Interest.

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each series of Securities and any related coupons that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities, any coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any series of Securities, any interest installments due on Bearer Securities on or before Maturity shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the several coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature.

Section 10.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

(1) If the Securities of a series are issuable as Registered Securities, the Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served and, if the Securities of a series are also issuable as Bearer Securities, where Bearer Securities of that series and related coupons may be presented or surrendered for payment in the circumstances described in Subsection 10.02(3).

(2) If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company will maintain (A) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series which is located outside the United States, an office or agency where Securities of that series and related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment; provided, however, that, if the Securities of that series are listed on any securities exchange located outside the United States and such securities exchange shall so require, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent for the Securities of that series in any required city located outside the United States so long as the Securities of that series are listed on such exchange and (B) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series located outside the United States an office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of that series that are convertible and exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.

(3) The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustees of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustees with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the [        ] Trustee, except that Bearer Securities of any series and the related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment at the offices specified in the

 

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Security, in London, and the Company hereby appoints the same as its agents to receive such respective presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

(4) Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, no payment of principal, premium or interest on Bearer Securities shall be made at any office or agency of the Company in the United States or by check mailed to any address in the United States or by transfer to an account maintained with a back located in the United States; provided, however, that, if the Securities of a series are payable in Dollars, payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Bearer Security shall be made at the office of the Company’s Paying Agent in The City of New York, if (but only if) payment in Dollars of the full amount of such principals, premium or interest, as the case may be, at all offices or agencies outside the United States maintained of such purpose by the Company in accordance with this Indenture is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

(5) The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind any such designation; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustees of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to a series of Securities, the Company hereby initially appoints the [_____] Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office as Paying Agent in such city and as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

(6) Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.01, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated in a Currency other than Dollars or (ii) may be payable in a Currency other than Dollars, or so long as it is required under any other provision of the Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one Exchange Rate Agent.

Section 10.03. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 3.11(b), 3.11(d) and 3.11(e)) sufficient to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on Securities of such series so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustees of its action or failure so to act.

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities and any related coupons, it will, prior to or on each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum (in the Currency

 

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described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is such Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustees of its action or failure so to act.

The Company will cause each Paying Agent (other than the Trustees) for any series of Securities to execute and deliver to the Trustees an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustees, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

(1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

(2) give the Trustees notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of such series; and

(3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustees, forthwith pay to the Trustees all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustees all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustees upon the same trusts as those upon which sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustees, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.

Except as provided in the Securities of any series, any money deposited with the Trustees or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security of any series, or any coupon appertaining thereto, and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security or coupon shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustees or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustees or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

Section 10.04. Statement as to Compliance.

The Company shall deliver to the Trustees, on or before 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year and at any other reasonable time at the request of a Trustee, an Officer’s Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company during such fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept,

 

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observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such officer signing such certificate, that the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and is continuing, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge and what action the Company is taking or propose to take with respect thereto). The Company shall deliver to the Trustees upon demand evidence in such form as the Trustees may require as to compliance by the Company with any condition or covenant of the Company set out herein relating to any action required or permitted to be taken by the Company under this Indenture or as a result of any obligation imposed by this Indenture. For purposes of this Section, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice under this Indenture.

Section 10.05. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims.

The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall become delinquent, (1) all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or imposed upon the Company or any Subsidiary or upon the income, profits or property of the Company or any Subsidiary, and (2) all material lawful claims for labor, materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a Lien upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment, charge or claim whose amount, applicability or validity is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.

Section 10.06. Corporate Existence.

Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the rights (charter and statutory) and franchises of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as a whole and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

Section 10.07. SEC Reporting Obligations.

The Company confirms that it has either (i) a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act; or (ii) a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and has provided the Trustees with an Officer’s Certificate (in a form provided by the Trustees) certifying such reporting obligation and other information as requested by the Trustees. The Company covenants that in the event that any such registration or reporting obligation shall be terminated by the Company in accordance with the Exchange Act, the Company shall promptly notify the Trustees of such termination and such other information as the Trustees may require at the time. The Company acknowledges that the Canadian Trustee is relying upon the foregoing representation and covenants in order to meet certain obligations with respect to those clients who are filing with the Commission.

 

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Section 10.08. Waiver of Certain Covenants.

The Company may, with respect to any series of Securities, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition which affects such series set forth in Sections 10.05 and 10.06, or, in any covenants of the Company added to this Article pursuant to Section 3.01(16) in connection with Securities of such series, if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of any series, by Act of such Holders, waive such compliance in such instance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustees to Holders of Securities of such series in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

ARTICLE ELEVEN

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

Section 11.01. Applicability of Article.

Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

Section 11.02. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustees.

The election of the Company to redeem any securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company, the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustees), notify the Trustees of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and shall deliver to the Trustees such documentation and records as shall enable the Trustees to select the Securities to be redeemed pursuant to Section 11.03. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustees an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

Section 11.03. Selection by Trustees of Securities to Be Redeemed.

If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustees, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustees shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal of Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Security not redeemed to less than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of such series established pursuant to Section 3.01.

 

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The Trustees shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

Section 11.04. Notice of Redemption.

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided for in Section 1.06 not less than 15 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice in the manner provided in Section 1.06 to the Holder of any Securities designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities or portion thereof.

All notices of redemption shall state:

(1) the Redemption Date,

(2) the Redemption Price and the amount of accrued interest to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 11.06, if any,

(3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed,

(4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the holder will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

(5) that on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 11.06 will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

(6) the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities, together in the case of Bearer Securities with all coupons appertaining thereto, if any, maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

(7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case,

(8) that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer Securities of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be accompanied by all coupons maturing subsequent to the Redemption Date or the amount of any such missing coupon or coupons will be deducted from the

 

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Redemption Price unless security or indemnity satisfactory to the Company, the Trustees and any Paying Agent is furnished, and

(9) if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and any Registered Securities of such series are not to be redeemed, and if such Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not subject to redemption on such Redemption Date pursuant to Section 3.05 or otherwise, the last date, as determined by the Company, on which such exchanges may be made.

Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustees in the name and at the expense of the Company.

Section 11.05. Deposit of Redemption Price.

Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with a Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.03) an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 3.11(b), 3.11(d) and 3.11(e)) sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and accrued interest, if any, on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

Section 11.06. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 3.11(b), 3.11(d) and 3.11(e)) (together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date), and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any) such Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 10.02) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, only upon presentation and surrender of coupons for such interest; and provided further that installments of interest on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.07.

If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security may be paid after deducting from the

 

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Redemption Price an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustees if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustees or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 10.02) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons.

If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of original Issue Discount Securities) set forth in such Security.

Section 11.07. Securities Redeemed in Part.

Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Article Twelve) shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustees so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustees duly executed by, the Holder thereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and either Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

ARTICLE TWELVE

SINKING FUNDS

Section 12.01. Applicability of Article.

Retirements of Securities of any series pursuant to any sinking fund shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any mandatory sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.02. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.

 

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Section 12.02. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

Subject to Section 12.03, in lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to any Securities of a series in cash, the Company may at its option (1) deliver to the Trustees Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all un-matured coupons appertaining thereto, and/or (2) receive credit for the principal amount of Securities of such series which have been previously delivered to the Trustees by the Company or for Securities of such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of the same series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series; provided, however, that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustees at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such mandatory sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

Section 12.03. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustees an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 3.11(b), 3.11(d) and 3.11(e)) and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering or crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.02 (which Securities will, if not previously delivered, accompany such certificate) and whether the Company intends to exercise its right to make a permitted optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series.

Such certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its delivery the Company shall be obligated to make the cash payment or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. In the case of the failure of the Company to deliver such certificate, the sinking fund payment due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date for that series shall be paid entirely in cash and shall be sufficient to redeem the principal amount of such Securities subject to a mandatory sinking fund payment without the option to deliver or credit Securities as provided in Section 12.02 and without the right to make any optional sinking fund payment, if any, with respect to such series.

Not more than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustees shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.03 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.04. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 11.06 and 11.07.

 

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Prior to any sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to the Trustees or a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 11.03) in cash a sum equal to any interest that will accrue to the date fixed for redemption of Securities or portions thereof to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date pursuant to this Section.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to a sinking fund for any series of Securities, if at any time the amount of cash to be paid into such sinking fund on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date, together with any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payment or payments for such series, does not exceed in the aggregate $100,000, the Trustees, unless requested by the Company, shall not give the next succeeding notice of the redemption of Securities of such series through the operation of the sinking fund. Any such unused balance of moneys deposited in such sinking fund shall be added to the sinking fund payment for such series to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date or, at the request of the Company, shall be applied at any time or from time to time to the purchase of Securities of such series, by public or private purchase, in the open market or otherwise, at a purchase price for such Securities (excluding accrued interest and brokerage commissions, for which the Trustees or any Paying Agent will be reimbursed by the Company) not in excess of the principal amount thereof.

ARTICLE THIRTEEN

DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

Section 13.01. Companys Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for Securities of any series, the provisions of this Article shall apply to each series of Securities, and the Company may, at its option, effect defeasance (as defined below) of the Securities of or within a series under Section 13.02, or covenant defeasance (as defined below) of or within a series under Section 13.03 in accordance with the terms of such Securities and in accordance with this Article.

Section 13.02. Defeasance and Discharge.

Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on the date the conditions set forth in Section 13.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “defeasance”). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “Outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 13.05 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (A) and (B) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and any related coupons and this Indenture insofar as such Securities and any related coupons are concerned (and the Trustees, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 13.04 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the

 

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principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities and any related coupons when such payments are due, (B) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 10.02 and 10.03 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities, (C) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustees hereunder and (D) this Article. Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option under this Section notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 13.03 with respect to such Securities and any related coupons.

Section 13.03. Covenant Defeasance.

Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under Sections 10.05 and 10.06, and, if specified pursuant to Section 3.01, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 13.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “covenant defeasance”), and such Securities and any related coupons shall thereafter be deemed not to be “Outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “Outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such outstanding Securities and any related coupons, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under clauses (4), (5) or (8) of Section 5.01 or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and any related coupons shall be unaffected thereby.

Section 13.04. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

The following shall be the conditions to application of either Section 13.02 or Section 13.03 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series and any related coupons:

(1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with either Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 6.08 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any related coupons, (A) an amount (in such Currency in which such Securities and any related coupons are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity), or (B) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, under such Securities and any related coupons, money in an amount, or (C) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustees, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustees (or other qualifying

 

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trustee) to pay and discharge, (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on the Stated Maturity (or Redemption Date, if applicable) of such principal (and premium, if any) or installment of interest, if any, (ii) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities and any related coupons, and (iii) all amounts due the Trustees under Section 6.07; provided that the Trustees shall have been irrevocably instructed to apply such money or the proceeds of such Government Obligations to said payments with respect to such Securities and any related coupons. Before such a deposit, the Company may give to the Trustees, in accordance with Section 11.02 hereof, a notice of its election to redeem all or any portion of such Outstanding Securities at a future date in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series and Article Eleven hereof, which notice shall be irrevocable. Such irrevocable redemption notice, if given, shall be given effect in applying the foregoing.

(2) No Default or Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any related coupons shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or, insofar as clauses (6) and (7) of Section 5.01 are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

(3) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

(4) In the case of an election under Section 13.02, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustees an Opinion of Counsel in the United States stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

(5) In the case of an election under Section 13.03, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustees an Opinion of Counsel in the United States to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

(6) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustees an Opinion of Counsel in Canada or a ruling from the Canada Revenue Agency to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income tax or other tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, and will be subject to Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income tax and other tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case

 

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had such defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, not occurred (and for the purposes of such opinion, such Canadian counsel shall assume that Holders of the Securities include Holders who are not resident in Canada).

(7) The Company is not an “insolvent person” within the meaning of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) on the date of such deposit or at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

(8) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section, such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations in connection therewith pursuant to Section 3.01.

(9) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustees an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for, relating to either the defeasance under Section 13.02 or the covenant defeasance under Section 13.03 (as the case may be), have been complied with.

Section 13.05. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.

Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.03, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.01) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with a Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively, for purposes of this Section, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 13.04 in respect of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons shall be held in trust and applied by such Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and any related coupons and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as such Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities and any related coupons of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Security pursuant to Section 3.01, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 13.04(1) has been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 3.11(b) or the terms of such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the deposit pursuant to Section 13.04(1) has been made in respect of such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs as contemplated in Section 3.11(d) or 3.11(e) or by the terms of any Security in respect of which the deposit pursuant to Section 13.04(1) has been made, the indebtedness represented by such Security and any related coupons shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Security as they become due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on the applicable Market Exchange Rate for such Currency in effect on the third Business Day prior to each payment date, except, with respect to a Conversion Event, for such Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible) at the time of the Conversion Event.

 

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The Company shall pay and indemnify such Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government obligations deposited pursuant to Section 13.04 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons.

Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, such Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in Section 13.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to such Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Article.

Section 13.06. Reinstatement.

If a Trustee or any Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance with Section 13.05 by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations under this Indenture and such Securities and any related coupons shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 13.02 or 13.03, as the case may be, until such time as such Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 13.05; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any such Security or any related coupon following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities and any related coupons to receive such payment from the money held by such Trustee or Paying Agent.

ARTICLE FOURTEEN

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

Section 14.01. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called.

If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.

Section 14.02. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings.

(1) The Trustees may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 14.01, to be held at such time and at such place in The City of New York, in Vancouver, British Columbia, or in such other place as the Company and the Trustees shall determine (the “Meeting Place”). Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided for in Section 1.06, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

 

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(2) In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustees to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 14.01, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustees shall not have made the first publication of the notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the Meeting Place for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section.

Section 14.03. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings.

To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder of Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustees and their counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

Section 14.04. Quorum; Action.

The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that, if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of not less than a specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes of the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 14.02, except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

Subject to the foregoing, at the reconvening of any meeting adjourned for lack of a quorum the Persons entitled to vote 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities at the time shall constitute a quorum for the taking of any action set forth in the notice of the original meeting.

 

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Except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.02, any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series who have casted their votes; provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.02, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of not less than such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series.

Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the related coupons, whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, if any action is to be taken at a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action that this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities affected thereby, or of the Holders of such series and one or more additional series:

(i) there shall be no minimum quorum requirement for such meeting; and

(ii) the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series that vote in favor of such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action shall be taken into account in determining whether such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action has been made, given or taken under this Indenture.

Section 14.05. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings.

(1) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture, the Trustees may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of a series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.04 and the appointment of any proxyholder shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.04 or by having the signature of the person executing the proxy witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by Section 1.04 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxyholders, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.04 or other proof.

 

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(2) The Trustees shall, by an instrument in writing appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 14.02, in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

(3) At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him (determined as specified in the definition of “Outstanding” in Section 1.01); provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or a proxy.

(4) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 14.02 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

Section 14.06. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings.

The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers, if any, of the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 14.02 and, if applicable, Section 14.04. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustees to be preserved by the Trustees, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

Section 14.07. Waiver of Jury Trial.

Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

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Section 14.08. Counterparts.

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts (either by facsimile or by original manual signature), each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

Section 14.09. Force Majeure.

Except for the payment obligations of the Company contained herein, neither the Company nor the Trustees shall be liable to each other, or held in breach of this Indenture, if prevented, hindered, or delayed in the performance or observance of any provision contained herein by reason of act of God, riots, terrorism, acts of war, epidemics, pandemics, governmental action or judicial order, earthquakes, or any other similar causes (including, but not limited to, mechanical, electronic or communication interruptions, disruptions or failures). Performance times under this Indenture shall be extended for a period of time equivalent to the time lost because of any delay that is excusable under this Section.

[Signature pages follow]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

 

THE VERY GOOD FOOD COMPANY INC.

By:

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

                                                                                  ,

 

as U.S. Trustee

By:

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

By:

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 


                                                                                  ,

 

as Canadian Trustee

By:

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

Authorized Signing Officer

By:

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

Authorized Signing Officer

 

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