NOTES TO COMBINED CARVE-OUT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

GE Capital Aviation Services (the “Business”, “GECAS”, “Company”, “our” or “we”) is a carve-out business of General Electric Company (“GE” or “Parent”). The accompanying Combined Carve-out Financial Statements present, on a historical cost basis, the combined assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses related to GECAS, a business of GE. Historically, GECAS operated within the GE Capital segment as a business of the Parent, and GECAS’ results of operations have been reported in the Parent’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

GECAS is a world-leading aviation lessor and financier with over 50 years of experience. GECAS provides a wide range of assets including narrow- and wide-body aircraft, regional jets, turboprops, freighters, engines, helicopters and parts. GECAS offers a broad array of financing products and services on these assets including operating leases, sale-leasebacks, asset trading and servicing and aircraft parts management. GECAS serves approximately 205 customers in over 73 countries from a network of 15 offices around the world.

The Business comprises three reportable segments, which include Aircraft, Engines, and Helicopters. During 2019, the Lending business was substantially sold and its activities have been classified as a discontinued operation. See Note 22 – Segment Information and Note 3 – Discontinued Operations for further details.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

These Combined Carve-out Financial Statements are prepared on a stand-alone basis derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements and accounting records of GE. These Combined Carve-out Financial Statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are presented as Carve-out Financial Statements and reflect the combined statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in equity, financial position and cash flows of the Business, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). We have reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Significant intercompany accounts and transactions within GECAS have been eliminated in the Combined Carve-out Financial Statements, while transactions with the Parent or other GE entities are disclosed as related party transactions. The net effect of the deemed settled related party transactions is reflected in the Combined Statements of Cash Flows as Net transfers (to) from Parent within Cash provided by (used for) financing activities and in the Combined Statements of Financial Position as Net parent investment.

The Combined Statements of Financial Position reflect, among other things, all of the assets that are specifically identifiable as being directly attributable to the Company, including Net parent investment as a component of equity. Net parent investment represents GE’s historical investment in the Company and includes accumulated net earnings attributable to GE, the net effect of transactions with GE and GE entities and cost allocations from GE that were not historically allocated to the Company.

The Combined Statements of Earnings include expense allocations for services and certain support functions (“GE Corporate Overhead”) that are provided on a centralized basis within GE such as legal, human resources, corporate audit, treasury and various other GE corporate functions that are routinely allocated to the Company and reflected in the Combined Statements of Earnings in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

Where allocations of amounts were necessary, the Company believes the allocation of these amounts were determined on a reasonable basis related to the nature of the item (e.g., external revenue, operating expenses or headcount), reflecting all of the costs of the Company and consistently applied in the periods presented. These allocated amounts, however, are not necessarily indicative of the actual amounts that might have been incurred or realized had the Company operated as a separate stand-alone entity during the periods presented. Consequently, these Combined Carve-out Financial Statements do not necessarily represent the results the Company would have achieved if the Company had operated as a separate stand-alone entity from GE during the periods presented.

As more fully described in Note 17 – Income Taxes, current and deferred income taxes and related tax expenses have been determined based on the stand-alone results of the Company by applying Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). While the Company is included in the consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and certain state and foreign income tax returns of GE, the income tax provision in the Combined Statements of Earnings has been calculated as if the Company filed a separate tax return.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

PREPARATION OF COMBINED CARVE-OUT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The accounting and financial reporting policies of GECAS conform to U.S. GAAP, and the preparation of the Combined Carve-out Financial Statements is in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. In particular, a number of estimates have been and will continue to be affected by the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The severity, magnitude and duration, as well as the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict. As a result, our accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to COVID-19. We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in flight equipment residual value, equipment impairment, allowance for credit losses, fair value measurement, actuarial assumptions used to determine costs on employee benefit plans, goodwill and accounting for income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

The functional currency for domestic and substantially all foreign operations is the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are not significant to the Company’s operations.

Unless otherwise indicated, information in these notes to Combined Carve-out Financial Statements relates to continuing operations. Certain of our operations have been presented as discontinued. We present businesses that represent components as discontinued operations when the components meet the criteria for held for sale, are sold, or spun-off and their disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on our operations and financial results.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are included in Cash and cash equivalents. GE uses a centralized approach to cash management and the financing of its operations. Cash held in commingled accounts with our Parent, or its affiliates, is presented within Net parent investment in the Combined Statements of Financial Position. The cash presented in the Combined Statements of Financial Position represents cash not subject to the GE centralized cash management process.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, $3,220 thousand and $2,494 thousand represented Restricted cash, respectively which was held in bank accounts and cannot be released, transferred or otherwise converted into a currency that is regularly transacted internationally, and was primarily related to our Export Credit Agencies (“ECA”) financings, our Export-Import Bank of the United States (“EX-IM”) financings and other borrowings. See Note 11 – Borrowings.

FINANCING RECEIVABLES

Time sales and loans are classified as held for investment (“HFI”) when the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity. Loans classified as HFI are recorded at amortized cost. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and recognized as adjustments to interest income over the contractual lives of the related loans. If the Company no longer has the intent and ability to hold the loans for the foreseeable future, then the loans are transferred to assets held for sale (“HFS”) at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair value less costs to sell. Once classified as HFS, the amount by which the carrying value exceeds fair value is recorded as a valuation allowance and is reflected as a reduction to loans and interest revenue, net in the Combined Statements of Earnings.

Finance leases include direct financing leases, sales-type leases and leveraged leases. Direct financing leases are recorded at the aggregate of future minimum lease payments plus estimated residual values of the flight equipment at the lease end date less unearned finance income. Unearned income is amortized to interest income using the effective interest method and recognized in Finance leases and interest revenue, net in the Combined Statements of Earnings. Sales-type leases are finance leases that give rise to manufacturer’s or dealer’s profit or loss to the lessor. GECAS recognizes the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset as a profit or loss in the period the sales-type lease is executed. Finance leases that are mainly financed at commencement with non-recourse borrowings and that meet certain criteria are accounted for as leveraged leases. Leveraged leases are recorded at the aggregate of rentals receivable, net of that portion of the rental applicable to principal and interest on the non-recourse debt, plus estimated residual value of the leased asset less unearned income. Unearned income is recognized as lease interest income at a level rate of return on the leveraged lease net investment. See Note 5 – Financing Receivables.

NON-ACCRUAL AND DELINQUENCY

Non-accrual financing receivables are those on which we have stopped accruing interest. We stop accruing interest at the earlier of the time at which collection of an account becomes doubtful or the account becomes 90 days past due. Although we stop accruing interest in advance of payments, we recognize interest income as cash is collected when appropriate, provided the amount does not exceed that which would have been earned at the historical effective interest rate. Recently restructured financing receivables are not considered delinquent when payments are brought current according to the restructured terms but may remain classified as non-accrual until there has been a period of satisfactory payment performance by the borrower and future payments are reasonably assured of collection.

Financing receivables are considered delinquent for financial reporting purposes if default of contractual principal or interest exists for a period of 30 days or more. See Note 5 – Financing Receivables.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

When we record customer receivables, contract assets and financing receivables arising from revenue transactions, financial guarantees and certain commitments, we record an allowance for credit losses for the current expected credit losses (CECL) inherent in the asset over its expected life. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account deducted from the amortized cost basis of the assets to present their net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected. Each period the allowance for credit losses is adjusted through earnings to reflect expected credit losses over the remaining lives of the assets. We evaluate debt securities with unrealized losses to determine whether any of the losses arise from concerns about the issuer’s credit or the underlying collateral and record an allowance for credit losses, if required.

We estimate expected credit losses based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. When measuring expected credit losses, we pool assets with similar country risk and credit risk characteristics. Changes in the relevant information may significantly affect the estimates of expected credit losses. See Note 5 – Financing Receivables.

For 2019 and 2018, before the adoption of CECL in 2020, losses on financing receivables are recognized when they are incurred, which requires the Company to make our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio. The method for calculating the best estimate of losses depends on the size, type and risk characteristics of the related financing receivable. Such an estimate requires consideration of historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions, and judgments about the probable effects of relevant observable data, including present economic conditions such as delinquency rates, financial health of specific customers and market sectors, collateral values and the present and expected future levels of interest rates. The underlying assumptions, estimates and assessments we use to reserve for losses are updated periodically to reflect our view of current conditions. Changes in such estimates can significantly affect the allowance and provision for losses. It is possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates.

EQUIPMENT LEASED TO OTHERS

Equipment leased to others is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment charges. Equipment leased to others is depreciated to its estimated residual value using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally up to 20 years for fixed wing aircraft and engines and 15 years for helicopters from the date of purchase. Estimated residual value is based on management’s assessment of value and expectations of future demand for each equipment type and third-party appraiser values at the end of its useful life. The costs of improvements to equipment are capitalized if the improvement increases the long-term value of the equipment or extends the useful life of the equipment. We depreciate capitalized costs over the estimated useful life of the equipment.

Lease acquisition costs, including lessee-specific equipment modifications and other direct costs in connection with the lease transactions, are depreciated over the lease term.

We review estimated useful lives and residual values of equipment periodically based on our knowledge of external factors, including market conditions, to determine if they are appropriate and record adjustments to depreciation prospectively on an equipment by equipment basis as necessary. Changes in the assumptions for useful lives or residual values for equipment could have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

A review for impairment of equipment leased to others is performed at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If it has been determined that the carrying amount is not recoverable, the next step is to determine if the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Impairment of assets is determined by comparing the carrying amount to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated over the remaining useful life of the asset. If an asset is impaired, the impairment is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. The fair value of the asset becomes the new cost basis of the equipment and is depreciated over its remaining useful life. Fair value is based upon discounted cash flow analysis and available market data. Current lease rentals, as well as relevant and available market information (including third-party sales for similar equipment and published appraisal data), are both considered in determining undiscounted future cash flows when testing for the existence of impairment and in determining estimated fair value when measuring impairment.

CAPITALIZED INTEREST ON PRE-DELIVERY PAYMENTS

The Company makes scheduled pre-delivery progress payments with respect to equipment on forward orders with aircraft manufacturers. Interest on the pre-delivery payments is capitalized up to the date of delivery. The capitalized interest is included in Pre-delivery payments on flight equipment, within the Combined Statements of Financial Position, in periods prior to equipment purchase. The capitalized interest was $102,844 thousand and $80,827 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The pre-delivery payments on flight equipment balance and related capitalized interest are included in the equipment cost of the aircraft upon aircraft delivery.

ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Assets held for sale classification includes equipment leased to others and financing receivables that meet accounting requirements to be presented as held for sale and are recorded as single asset amounts in our financial statements with a valuation allowance, if necessary, to recognize the net carrying amount at the lower of carrying value or fair value, less cost to sell.

The determination of fair value for HFS assets involves significant judgments and assumptions. Development of estimates of fair values in these circumstances is complex and is dependent upon, among other factors, the nature of the potential sales transaction (for example, asset sale versus sale of legal entity), composition of assets in the disposal group and the comparability of the disposal group to market transactions and negotiations with third-party purchasers. Such factors bear directly on the range of potential fair values and the selection of the best estimates. Key assumptions are developed based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, internal information that is consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction.

EQUIPMENT LEASED TO OTHERS HELD FOR SALE

Equipment leased to others is assessed for recoverability in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”), annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable. Generally, an aircraft is classified as held for sale when the sale is probable, the aircraft is available for sale in its present condition and the aircraft is expected to be sold within one year.

Equipment classified as held for sale is recognized at the lower of the carrying amount or estimated fair value less estimated cost to sell and is recorded in Assets held for sale in the Combined Statements of Financial Position. Depreciation is no longer recognized on these assets and any further adjustments to the carrying value are recorded in Impairments on equipment leased to others in the Combined Statements of Earnings. See Note 7 – Equipment Leased to Others.

GOODWILL

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is assigned to specific reporting units, and the Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually or more frequently when facts or circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or one level below that operating segment (the component level), if discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by segment management. The Company also tests goodwill for impairment when an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

We perform our goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter. We determine fair value for each of the reporting units using the market approach, when available and appropriate, or the income approach, or a combination of both. We assess the valuation methodology based upon the relevance and availability of the data at the time we perform the valuation. If multiple valuation methodologies are used, the results are weighted appropriately.

When performing the annual impairment test we have the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. If the Company chooses to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a further quantitative fair value test is performed. The Company recognizes an impairment charge if the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill based on the results of our quantitative tests. See Note 9 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

All intangible assets of the Business other than goodwill are subject to amortization. The costs of intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Order book assets, included in Other assets and receivables in the Combined Statements of Financial Position, are amortized based on the life of the associated flight equipment.

Lease premium assets relate to the above market operating lease contracts recorded in acquisitions of equipment with in-place leases, net of amortization. Lease discounts relate to below market operating lease contracts. Lease premium assets and discounts are amortized on a straight-line basis, which results in a lower (higher) operating lease revenue, respectively, over the remaining term of the lease agreements. Management evaluates intangible assets for impairment when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of those assets may not be recoverable.

In connection with the acquisition of equipment with in-place leases, the Company evaluates whether a maintenance right asset should be recorded separately from the acquired equipment. A maintenance right intangible asset represents the fair value of our contractual right under a lease to receive an aircraft in an improved maintenance condition as compared to the maintenance condition on the acquisition date. These maintenance intangible assets are amortized either over the expected useful life of the asset or the lease term. See Note 9 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets.

ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Investments in which GECAS does not have a controlling financial interest, but over which we have significant influence, use the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company’s share of earnings or (losses) from investments is included in the Combined Statements of Earnings. The carrying amount of the equity method investment is reflected in Associated companies in the Combined Statements of Financial Position. See Note 10 – Associated Companies.

EQUITY INVESTMENTS

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost or the equity method of accounting. GECAS is electing, per the guidance in ASC 321, Investments—Equity Securities (“ASC 321”), to record equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus subsequent adjustments for observable price changes. See Note 6 – Other Assets and Receivables.

SALES DEPOSITS

In most sales contracts, the buyer has the obligation to provide a sales deposit in cash. Amounts held in respect of sales deposits are recorded as Sales deposits in the Combined Statements of Financial Position. Sales deposits are offset against the purchase price upon sale of the asset.

SECURITY DEPOSITS

In most lease contracts the lessee has the obligation to provide a security deposit, either by a deposit of cash or by providing an unconditional and irrevocable letter of credit. The deposits are non-refundable during the term of the lease and are held by the Company as security for the timely and faithful performance by the lessee of all of its obligations under the lease. Amounts held in respect of security deposits are recorded as Security deposits in the Combined Statements of Financial Position. Security deposits are returned to the lessee at lease termination or are recognized as income if the lessee fails to perform under its lease.

BORROWINGS

Borrowings are carried at the principal amount borrowed, including unamortized discounts less debt issuance costs. The costs we incur for issuing debt are capitalized as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the related debt and amortized as an increase to Interest expense, net over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. See Note 11 – Borrowings.

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSET AND LIABILITIES

The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842” or “Topic 842”) utilizing the modified retrospective adoption method with an effective date of January 1, 2019 and elected the package of transition practical expedients for expired or existing contracts, which does not require reassessment of: (1) whether any of the Company’s contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification, and (3) initial direct costs. This standard requires all lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, for all leases with a term greater than 12 months. At lease commencement, we record a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease liabilities represent the present value of our future lease payments over the expected lease term which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. We have elected to include lease and non-lease components in determining our lease liability for all leased assets except our vehicle leases. Non-lease components are generally services that the lessor performs for the Company associated with the leased asset. For those leases with payments based on an index, the lease liability is determined using the index at lease commencement. Lease payments based on increases in the index subsequent to lease commencement are recognized as variable lease expense as they occur. The present value of our lease liability is determined using our incremental collateralized borrowing rate at lease inception. The Company made a policy election to determine the incremental borrowing rate for transition as of January 1, 2019 based on the original lease term and not the remaining lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to control the use of the leased asset during the lease and are recognized in an amount equal to the lease liability. Over the lease term we use the effective interest rate method to account for the lease liability as lease payments are made and the right-of-use asset is amortized to earnings in a manner that results in a straight-line expense recognition in the Statement of Earnings. A right-of-use asset and lease liability is not recognized for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We test right-of-use assets at least annually for impairment or whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the asset may be impaired.

MAINTENANCE RESERVES AND OPERATING LEASE EXPENSES

In all of our leases, other than short-term engine rentals, the lessees are responsible for maintenance and repair of our assets and related expenses during the term of the lease.

Certain leases require payment of maintenance supplemental rent. We use historical and other data relating to costs and timing of qualifying maintenance activities, utilization of the aircraft, maintenance history of newer aircraft and the contractual terms of the lease to estimate the amount of maintenance supplemental rent that corresponds to the amount expected to be contributed by the lessor towards qualifying maintenance events undertaken by our lessees. The amount contributed towards qualifying maintenance events is limited to the amount of maintenance supplemental rent collected. Maintenance supplemental rent collected is recorded as accrued maintenance liabilities for amounts that are expected to contribute toward qualifying maintenance events over the lease term. All maintenance supplemental rent payments which are not expected to be reimbursed to lessees are recorded as revenue. The estimate of maintenance supplemental rent to be contributed towards qualifying maintenance events is reviewed periodically and required adjustments to revenue are made in the current period. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, 346 and 413 aircraft leases required maintenance supplemental rent payments based on usage of the aircraft.

In most lease contracts not requiring the payment of maintenance supplemental rent, the lessee is required to redeliver the flight equipment in a similar maintenance condition (normal wear and tear excepted) as when accepted under the lease, with reference to major life-limited components of the flight equipment. To the extent that such components are redelivered in a different condition than at acceptance, there is an end-of-lease compensation adjustment for the difference at redelivery. We recognize receipts of end-of-lease compensation adjustments as lease revenue when received. Payments of end-of-lease adjustments for qualifying maintenance costs are capitalized in Equipment leased to others, net, when we are obligated to make an end-of-lease payment and can reasonably estimate the amount of such payment.

For all lease contracts, any amounts of accrued maintenance liability existing at the end of a lease are released and recognized as lease revenue at lease termination. When flight equipment is sold, the portion of the accrued maintenance liability which is not specifically assigned to the buyer is released from the Combined Statements of Financial Position net of any maintenance rights intangible asset balance and is recognized as part of the net gain or loss on disposal of flight equipment.

DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

We use derivatives to manage a variety of risks, including risks related to interest rates and foreign exchange. We designate certain of our derivative instruments as economic hedges, while others qualify as cash flow hedges under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Accounting for derivatives as hedges requires that, at inception and over the term of the arrangement, the hedged item and related derivative meet the requirements for hedge accounting. The rules and interpretations related to derivatives accounting are complex. Failure to apply this complex guidance correctly will result in changes in the fair value of the derivative being reported in earnings, without regard to the offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item.

In evaluating whether a particular relationship qualifies for hedge accounting, we test effectiveness at inception and each reporting period thereafter by determining whether changes in the fair value of the derivative offset changes in the fair value of the hedged item within a specified range. If fair value changes fail this test, we discontinue applying hedge accounting to that relationship prospectively. Fair values of both the derivative instrument and the hedged item are calculated using internal valuation models incorporating market-based assumptions, as applicable. See Note 4 – Related Party Transactions and Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We measure the fair value of our derivatives on a recurring basis and measure the fair values of equipment leased to others, assets held for sale and goodwill on a non-recurring basis. See Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.

REVENUE

Operating lease revenue, net in the Combined Statements of Earnings comprises the majority of GECAS’ revenue, which is outside the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). See Note 16 – Revenue. Sales of component parts and service fee income comprises the portion of GECAS’ revenue that is within the scope of Topic 606.

OPERATING LEASE REVENUE

Our revenues consist of rental payments under leases of equipment. Equipment is leased principally under operating leases and rental income is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. At lease commencement we review all necessary criteria under ASC 842 to determine proper lease classification (in periods prior to 2019 we reviewed the necessary criteria under ASC 840, Leases (“ASC 840” or “Topic 840”), in making this assessment).

The Company leases equipment under operating leases and reports rental income ratably over the life of each lease. Operating leases with fixed rentals or step rentals are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which generally ranges from short-term to 12 years. Rental payments received in advance of straight-line revenue are reflected in deferred income, and straight-line revenue recognized before cash receipt is reflected in operating lease receivables. Lease agreements for which base rent is based on floating interest rates are included in minimum lease payments based on the floating interest rate existing at the commencement of the lease; any increases or decreases in lease payments that result from subsequent changes in the floating interest rate are contingent rentals and are recorded as increases or decreases in operating lease revenue in the period of the interest rate change. We record as lease revenue all supplemental rent receipts not expected to be reimbursed to lessees. Lessees are responsible for excise taxes.

Past due rentals are recognized on the basis of management’s assessment of collectability. Estimating whether collectability is probable requires some level of subjectivity and judgment. When collectability of rental payments is not probable, receivables are reversed. Collectability is evaluated based on factors such as the lessee’s credit rating, payment performance, financial condition and requests for modifications of lease terms and conditions as well as security received from the lessee in the form of cash deposits, guarantees and/or letters of credit. Rent receivables include unpaid current lessee obligations under existing operating lease contracts and are recorded within Other assets and receivables, net. Rentals received but unearned under the lease agreements are recorded as Deferred income until earned. Management monitors all lessees with past due lease payments and evaluates relevant operational and financial issues facing those lessees. If collection is not probable, the Company will cease recognizing income and revenue will be recognized when cash payments are received.

PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Certain employees and retirees of GECAS participate in pension and postretirement benefit plans sponsored by either the Business or GE.

Multiemployer plans (sponsored by GE)

These plans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 715-80, Compensation – Retirement Benefits: Multiemployer plans. See Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans. A proportionate share of the cost is reflected in these Combined Carve-out Financial Statements. Assets and liabilities of such plans are retained by GE. The service related cost for current employees of GECAS, as well as the service related cost for retirees of GECAS, is included within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Combined Statements of Earnings. All non-service related pension costs are included within Other expenses in the Combined Statements of Earnings.

GE sponsors defined contribution plans, which qualify under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code and cover substantially all U.S. employees, which GECAS employees participate in.

Pension benefits (sponsored by the Business)

The GECAS sponsored plan is accounted for under the provisions of ASC 715-20, Compensation – Retirement Benefits: Defined benefit plans – general. See Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans. The service related cost for current employees of GECAS, as well as the service related cost for retirees of GECAS, is included within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Combined Statements of Earnings. All non-service related pension costs are included within Other expenses in the Combined Statements of Earnings. Assets and liabilities of such plans are recorded on the Combined Statements of Financial Position.

GECAS offers a defined contribution plan for its non-U.S. employees. Defined contribution expenses are included within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Combined Statements of Earnings.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Parent maintains certain equity-settled and cash-settled stock-based compensation plans under which it receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments of the Parent. These Combined Carve-out Financial Statements include expenses of the Parent that were allocated to GECAS for stock-based compensation. These expenses are reported within Selling, general and administrative expense in the Combined Statements of Earnings.

The stock-based compensation expense is based on the estimated grant-date fair value and is recognized over the vesting period (requisite service period), net of estimated forfeitures. See Note 19 – Stock-based Compensation.

INCOME TAXES

Income taxes as presented herein attribute current and deferred income taxes of GE to GECAS’ Combined Carve-out Financial Statements in a manner that is systematic and consistent with the asset and liability method prescribed by ASC 740. Accordingly, the GECAS income tax provision was prepared following the separate return method.

The separate return method applies ASC 740 to the stand-alone financial statements of each member of the consolidated group as if the group member were a separate taxpayer and a stand-alone enterprise. As a result, transactions included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of GE may not be included in the separate Combined Carve-out Financial Statements of GECAS. Similarly, the tax treatment of certain items reflected in the separate Combined Carve-out Financial Statements of GECAS may not be reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements and tax returns of GE; therefore, such items as net operating losses, credit carry forwards and valuation allowances may exist in the stand-alone financial statements that may or may not exist in GE’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The breadth of GECAS’ operations and the global complexity of tax regulations require assessments of uncertainties and judgments in estimating the taxes that GECAS will ultimately pay. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions, outcomes of tax litigation and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state and international tax audits in the normal course of business.

Significant judgment is required in determining our tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. Our tax filings are subject to audit by the tax authorities in the jurisdictions where business is conducted. These audits may result in assessments of additional taxes that are resolved with the tax authorities or through the courts. The Business has accrued for the amounts that it believes will ultimately result from these proceedings. The Business recognizes uncertain tax positions that are “more likely than not” to be sustained if the relevant tax authority were to audit the position with full knowledge of all the relevant facts and other information. For those tax positions that meet this threshold, the Business measures the amount of tax benefit based on the largest amount of tax benefit that the Business has a greater than 50% chance of realizing in a final settlement with the relevant authority. The Business classifies interest on tax deficiencies as interest expense and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as Provision for income taxes in the Combined Statements of Earnings.

GECAS believes it has appropriately accrued for the expected outcome of all pending tax matters and does not currently anticipate that the ultimate resolution of pending tax matters will have a material adverse effect on its combined financial condition, future results of operations or liquidity. Each member of the Parent consolidated group, which includes GE, GECAS and GE’s other subsidiaries, is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of each other member of the consolidated group.

Consequently, GECAS could be liable in the event any such liability is incurred, and not discharged, by any other member of the GE consolidated group. Under the tax sharing arrangement between GECAS and GE, GECAS’ obligation is limited to its share of the consolidated tax liability. Disputes or assessments could arise during future audits by the IRS in amounts that GECAS cannot quantify.

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of GECAS assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. It is GECAS’ policy to include accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes.

In general, the taxable income (loss) of various GECAS entities was included in GE’s consolidated tax returns, where applicable in jurisdictions around the world. As such, separate income tax returns were not prepared for many GECAS entities. Consequently, income taxes currently payable are deemed to have been remitted to GE, in cash or through equity, in the period the liability arose, and income taxes currently receivable are deemed to have been received from GE in the period that a refund could have been recognized by GECAS had GECAS been a separate taxpayer.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) includes a new tax provision that could impact the Company’s income tax expense and cash tax payments in future periods. The global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Act impose a minimum tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets. When considering the tax accounting implications of GILTI, the FASB staff concluded that entities can make an accounting policy election to either: (1) treat GILTI as a period cost if and when incurred; or (2) recognize deferred taxes for basis differences that are expected to reverse as GILTI in future years. The Company has elected to account for GILTI as an in-period cost in the year the tax is incurred. See Note 17 – Income Taxes for further details.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company has firm purchase commitments with certain of its suppliers related to future purchases. At each period end, the Company assesses the need for any provision for future losses associated with these future purchase commitments in accordance with ASC 440, Commitments.

Loss contingencies are uncertain and unresolved matters that arise in the ordinary course of business and result from events or actions by others that have the potential to result in a future loss. Such contingencies include, but are not limited to, environmental obligations, litigation, regulatory proceedings, product quality and losses resulting from other events and developments. Liabilities for loss contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. See Note 20 – Commitments and Contingencies.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

We have applied the following new guidance for these Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

Derivatives and hedging

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This standard is intended to simplify and amend the application of hedge accounting to more clearly portray the economics of an entity’s risk management strategies in its financial statements. Under the new rule, an entity’s ability to hedge non-financial and financial risk components is expanded. The guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness for fair value and cash flow hedges and also eases certain documentation and assessment requirements. This standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. This standard did not have a material impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, creating ASC 842, Leases. ASU No. 2016-02 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for the interim and annual reporting periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019.

As a lessor, we lease most of our aircraft under operating leases. Under the new lease standard, the accounting for leases as a lessor is similar to the previous standard ASC 840, Leases. After the effective date, principal collections on financing leases, are classified as Cash from operating activities in our Combined Statements of Cash Flows. Previously, such flows were classified as Cash from investing activities. Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions were generally deferred and recognized in income over the lease term.

As a lessee, we lease office space, automobiles, aircraft (in a limited number of circumstances) and information technology products. This standard requires lessees to present a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet. The Business adopted the provisions of ASC 842 effective January 1, 2019 utilizing the optional transition method and will not restate comparative periods. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients permitted under ASC 842’s transition guidance, which allows the Company to carry forward its historical lease classifications and its assessment as to whether a contract is or contains a lease. The Company also elected to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Upon adoption, we recorded an $87,640 thousand increase to net parent investment, primarily attributable to the release of deferred gains on sale-leaseback transactions. Our ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases at adoption were $173,804 thousand and $118,104 thousand, respectively, excluding discontinued operations and businesses held for sale. The accounting for finance leases is substantially unchanged. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s lease classification or a material impact on its statements of earnings. See—Note 8 Operating Leases for information regarding the Company’s adoption of Topic 842 and the Company’s undiscounted future lease payments and the timing of those payments.

The Company historically held, under ASC 840, a number of leveraged leases on its balance sheet. ASC 842 does not recognize leveraged leases and as such the Company will classify all new leases in line with the categories set out in ASC 842. The Company continues to account for leveraged leases existing at the adoption date of the leases standard using the guidance in ASC 840.

Goodwill Impairment Testing

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill. This standard simplifies the measurement of goodwill impairment to a single-step test. The guidance removes step two of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation, and will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Under the revised guidance, failing step one will always result in goodwill impairment. This new guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption early was permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020. This standard did not have a material effect on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard introduces a new accounting model, the Current Expected Credit Losses model (“CECL”), which requires earlier recognition of credit losses, while also providing additional transparency about credit risk. The CECL model utilizes a lifetime expected credit loss measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses for loans and other receivables at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. The expected credit losses are adjusted each period for changes in expected lifetime credit losses. This model replaces the multiple existing impairment models in current U.S. GAAP, which generally requires that a loss be incurred before it is recognized. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020 and interim periods within those annual periods on a modified retrospective basis. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020 on a modified retrospective basis. This standard did not have a material effect on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which modifies the disclosures on fair value measurements by removing the requirement to disclose the amount and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the policy for timing of such transfers. The ASU expands the disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements, primarily focused on changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income (loss). This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. This standard did not have a material effect on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. On October 1, 2020, we adopted the new standard, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. We will apply the accounting relief as relevant contract and hedge accounting relationship modifications are made during the reference rate reform transition period. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

OTHER RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT REFLECTED IN THESE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The guidance amends and modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other post-retirement plans. The amendments in this update remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. This ASU is effective on January 1, 2021 for the Company. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistent application among reporting entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the Company must apply certain aspects of this standard retrospectively for all periods presented while other aspects are applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), This standard clarifies certain interactions between the guidance to account for certain equity securities under Topic 321, the guidance to account for investments under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323, and the guidance in Topic 815, which could change how an entity accounts for an equity security under the measurement alternative or a forward contract or purchased option to purchase securities that, upon settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option, would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting or the fair value option in accordance with Topic 825, Financial Instruments. The standard will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-10, Codification Improvements, which is part of an ongoing attempt to clarify or improve disclosure requirements. The standard will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our Combined Carve-out Financial Statements.

NOTE 3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Discontinued operations relate to the sale of the substantial majority of our PK AirFinance (“PK”) lending business. In August 2019, we announced that we entered into a definitive agreement for Apollo Global Management, LLC and Athene Holding Ltd. to purchase PK AirFinance. The sale was substantially completed in December 2019 for proceeds of $3.6 billion and we recorded a pre-tax gain of $86,849 thousand. Substantially all of the $3.6 billion of PK financing receivables that were held for sale in 2019 were sold in the transaction, at a premium to book value. A remaining portion of the PK business (approximately $60 million carrying value of loans) remained held for sale pending certain regulatory and other conditions and was completed in the first half of 2020 and we recorded a pre-tax gain of $57,113 thousand. Loans which were identified as core to GECAS were retained within the GECAS business. As of December 31, 2020, the Company determined that certain loans originally classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019 did not meet the regulatory and other conditions required to be sold and thus no longer met the held for sale criteria. The reclassified loans have an aggregate book value of about $113,944 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and were reclassified out of discontinued operations to continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. The 2018 and 2019 financial statements have been reclassified to eliminate the presentation of the loans as held for sale which did not result in a material change.

Results of operations, financial position and cash flows for this business are separately reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

NOTE 4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation, GE provides the Business with a number of services. Some of these services are provided directly by GE, and others are managed by GE through third-party service providers. The cost of certain of these services is either recognized through our allocated portion of GE’s Corporate Overhead or billed directly to the Business. The cost of other services is included within the service itself, and the incremental cost for GE to provide the service is not discernible (such as payroll processing services included within the cost of payroll). In addition, we and our affiliates obtain a variety of goods (such as supplies and equipment) and services under various master purchasing and service agreements to which GE (and not the Business) is a party. We are billed directly for goods and services we procure under these arrangements.

We receive an allocated share of GE Corporate Overhead for certain services that GE provides to the Business, but which are not specifically billed to the Business. Costs of $19,747 thousand, $30,337 thousand, and $23,199 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, were recorded in our Combined Statements of Earnings for our allocated share of GE Corporate Overhead. In addition to the assessment of GE Corporate Overhead charges, certain GE Corporate Overhead expenses such as training costs and common compensation costs related to employee laptops and office phones have historically been directly billed to GECAS and recorded in the GECAS general ledger.

These Combined Carve-out Financial Statements include additional related party transactions with GE and GE entities that include the following:

The Company’s financing receivables include both time sales and loans and finance leases. Loans represent transactions in a variety of forms, including revolving charges and credit facilities, as well as installment loans.

Investment in finance leases consists of direct financing leases, leveraged leases and sales-type leases of aircraft and other transportation equipment and represents net unpaid rentals and estimated unguaranteed residual values of leased equipment, less related deferred income. The Company has no general obligation for principal and interest on notes and other instruments representing third-party participation related to leveraged leases; such notes and other instruments have not been included in liabilities but have been offset against the related rentals receivable.

The following table lists the components of finance leases, before the allowance for credit losses:

As of December 31, 2020, minimum future lease receipts on finance and sales-type leases, net of debt payments for leveraged leases, are as follows:

The Company’s share of net rentals receivable on leveraged leases is subordinate to the share of other participants who also have security interests in the leased equipment. For federal income tax purposes, the Company is entitled to deduct the interest expense accruing on non-recourse financing related to leveraged leases.

UNDRAWN LINES OF CREDIT

We had approximately $36,903 thousand and $52,859 thousand, respectively, of undrawn lines of credit available under our revolving credit lines and lending commitments as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS

The Company manages its financing receivables portfolio using delinquency and non-accrual data as key performance indicators. The categories used within this footnote such as non-accrual financing receivables are defined by the authoritative guidance found within ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, and we base our categorization on the related scope and definitions contained in the related standards. The categories of non-accrual and delinquent are used in our process for managing our financing receivables.

Substantially all of our financing receivables portfolio is secured lending and we assess the overall quality of the portfolio based on financing receivables by risk category as defined below. This metric incorporates both the borrower’s credit quality and any related collateral protection.

FINANCING RECEIVABLES BY RISK CATEGORY

Our internal risk ratings process is an important source of information in determining our allowance for credit losses and represents a comprehensive approach to evaluating risk in our financing receivables portfolio. In deriving our internal risk ratings, we stratify our financing receivables portfolio into three categories: A, B and C. Our process starts by developing an internal risk rating for our borrowers, which is based upon our proprietary models using data derived from borrower financial statements, agency ratings, payment history information, equity prices and other commercial borrower characteristics. We then evaluate the potential risk of loss for the specific lending transaction in the event of borrower default, which takes into account such factors as applicable collateral value, historical loss and recovery rates for similar transactions and our collection capabilities. Our internal risk ratings process and the models we use are subject to regular monitoring and internal controls. The frequency of rating updates is set by our credit risk policy, which requires annual GECAS Risk Committee approval.

The table below presents financing receivables, gross of allowance for credit losses, grouped into three categories by similar characteristics. Category A is characterized by either high-credit-quality borrowers or transactions with significant collateral coverage that substantially reduces or eliminates the risk of loss in the event of borrower default. Category B is characterized by borrowers with weaker credit quality than those in Category A, or transactions with moderately strong collateral coverage that minimizes but may not fully mitigate the risk of loss in the event of default. Category C is characterized by borrowers with higher levels of default risk relative to our overall portfolio or transactions where collateral coverage may not fully mitigate a loss in the event of default.

DELINQUENT AND NON-ACCRUAL FINANCING RECEIVABLES

As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, there were $366,859 thousand and $429,410 thousand of non-accrual balances, respectively. Delinquent balances of 90 days or more are included in non-accrual balances; delinquent balances of 30 to 90 days are not considered non-accrual. The remaining non-accrual balance is made up of accounts that are considered doubtful or that have made current payments but have not yet shown a period of satisfactory payment performance. Delinquent balances were as follows:

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING

Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) if the Company grants such borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring may be modified by means of extending the maturity date of the loan, offering an interest rate on the loan that is not reflective of the market for the credit and/or collateral involved, covenant modifications, forbearances, a combination hereof or other concessions. However, the Company’s modifications generally involve restructuring loan payments and/or interest rates.

Interest income from loans accounted for as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. Management evaluates the allowance for losses with respect to TDRs under the same policy and guidelines as all other performing loans are evaluated.

The following table presents total TDRs based on accrual status as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Non-accrual TDRs are included in the reported amount of total non-accrual financing receivables.

There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms had been modified in TDRs as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Based on the resulting pressure on our airline customers, we continue to work with customers on restructuring requests as they arise. As a result of these requests, we have executed agreements with customers to reschedule certain lease payments. As of December 31, 2020, we have a contractually deferred balance of $368,076 thousand. In addition, we have invoiced $316,310 thousand under these agreements and collected about 84%. We expect to continue to receive requests for rent deferrals and/or lease restructures from our global airline customers as a result of COVID-19 and related market impacts. An extended disruption of regional or international travel could result in an increase in these types of requests in future periods, which could result in an increase to the trade receivable balance. As we evaluate future lease restructures, there is a risk of lease modifications that could have a material adverse effect on operations, financial position and cash flows.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 24 aircraft and engines with a carrying value of $374,233 thousand which met the criteria of ASC 360 to be classified as HFS. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had 70 aircraft and engines with a carrying value of $1,709,407 thousand which met the criteria of ASC 360 to be classified as HFS. The equipment leased to others HFS carrying value balances are included in Assets held for sale in the Combined Statements of Financial Position, along with the financing receivables HFS carrying value balances. See Note 5 – Financing Receivables.

An impairment charge was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 of $568,529 thousand, $75,349 thousand, and $41,729 thousand, respectively, which includes impairment related to 50 aircraft, 9 engines, and 14 helicopters in 2020, 21 aircraft, 4 engines and 5 helicopters in 2019 and 38 aircraft and 9 engines in 2018. The 2020 impairments were primarily related to the fixed-wing aircraft operating lease portfolio and occurred as a result of COVID-19 and related market impacts. We determined the fair values of these assets using primarily the income approach.

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASES

The Company’s operating leases where the Company is the lessee relate to aircraft, commercial real estate, office and computer equipment, among other items. At the commencement of a contract, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease in accordance with ASC 842. The requirements under ASC 842 include evaluating whether the contract includes an identifiable asset, the lessee has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and the lessee has the right to direct the use of the identified asset.

The Company determines if its lease arrangements are operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. This determination includes evaluating whether (i) the underlying asset transfers ownership at the end of the lease term; (ii) the lease term represents the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset; (iii) the present value of lease payments represents substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset; (iv) an option to purchase the underlying asset is reasonably certain to be exercised and (v) the underlying asset is of a specialized nature.

The Company records lease expense for operating leases within Operating lease expense or Selling, general and administrative expense on the statements of earnings, depending on the use of the underlying asset.

The components of total lease expense (income) were as follows:

Supplemental information related to operating leases were as follows:

As of December 31, 2020, the undiscounted lease payments for operating and finance lease liabilities were as follows:

The Company performs the annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 (See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). In the second quarter of 2020, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment test in response to the decline in current market conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In performing the goodwill impairment test we determined that goodwill in all segments was impaired as the carrying value of these reporting units’ goodwill exceeded their implied fair values. The impairment charges of approximately $155,771 thousand were largely attributable to the decline in market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the airline and travel industries. The impairment loss was recorded in the Combined Statements of Earnings in Impairment of goodwill. The Company determined fair values of the reporting units using the income approach. After the impairment charges, there was no goodwill remaining for the Company.

In 2019, we determined that either the fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts or the implied fair value of the goodwill was higher than its carrying value. Therefore, no goodwill impairment was recognized during 2019. At the time of sale of PK AirFinance, the Lending segment had $1,741 thousand of goodwill. This Lending goodwill was allocated as part of the sale.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets and accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following: