UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): February 2, 2022
GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 001-39894 | 85-1914700 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation) |
(Commission
File Number) |
(IRS Employer
Identification No.) |
200 Boston Avenue
Suite 3100
Medford, MA 02155
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 616-8188
Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp.
535 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10022
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
☐ |
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
☐ |
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
☐ |
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
☐ |
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Trading
|
Name of each exchange
|
||
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | GRNA | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | ||
Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock for $11.50 per share | GRNAW | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Consummation of Business Combination
On February 2, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“ENVI”), consummated the previously announced business combination with GreenLight Biosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“GreenLight”), pursuant to the terms of the business combination agreement, dated August 9, 2021 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), among ENVI, GreenLight and Honey Bee Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of ENVI (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into GreenLight, with GreenLight surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of ENVI (the “Merger” or “Business Combination”). In connection with the consummation of the Merger on the Closing Date, ENVI changed its name to GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC (“GreenLight Holdings”) and became a public benefit corporation.
In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each outstanding share of capital stock of GreenLight (other than treasury shares and shares with respect to which appraisal rights under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) are properly exercised and not withdrawn) was exchanged for shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of GreenLight Holdings (“GreenLight Holdings Common Stock”), and outstanding GreenLight options and warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of GreenLight (whether vested or unvested) were converted into comparable options (the “Rollover Options”) and warrants (the “Assumed Warrants”) to purchase shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock, in each case, based on an implied GreenLight fully diluted equity value of $1.2 billion. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, all of the issued and outstanding shares of ENVI Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“ENVI Class A Common Stock”), and all of the issued and outstanding shares of ENVI Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“ENVI Class B Common Stock”), became shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock.
Consummation of PIPE Financing
In connection with the Business Combination, GreenLight Holdings completed the sale and issuance of 12,425,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock in a private placement at a purchase price of $10.00 per share pursuant to subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) that had been entered into between GreenLight Holdings and certain institutional accredited investors (the “PIPE Investors”) either concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement or subsequently in November 2021 (the “PIPE Financing”).
Proceeds of the Business Combination and PIPE Financing
GreenLight Holdings’ gross proceeds from the Business Combination and the PIPE Financing totaled approximately $136.4 million, which included approximately $12.1 million of funds held in GreenLight Holdings’ trust account (after giving effect to redemptions) and
approximately $124.3 million of proceeds from the PIPE Financing (the “Aggregate Closing PIPE Proceeds”), inclusive of $35.25 million previously advanced to GreenLight, as described in more detail in Item 3.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K (this “Report”). The gross proceeds do not reflect estimated aggregate transaction expenses and other costs related to the Business Combination, the PIPE Financing and other transactions of approximately $25.0 million.
Warrant Forfeiture
As described in ENVI’s Proxy Statement/Prospectus dated January 13, 2022 (the “Proxy Statement/Prospectus”), in connection with ENVI’s initial public offering, approximately 2,000,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) were purchased by HB Strategies, LLC (“HB Strategies”) and an aggregate of 750,000 warrants (the “Insider Warrants” and together with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Private Warrants”) were issued to ENVI’s sponsor, CG Investments Inc. VI (the “Sponsor”) and certain of ENVI’s directors (together with HB Strategies and the Sponsor, the “Initial Stockholders”). Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Initial Stockholders and GreenLight entered into an agreement (the “Sponsor Letter Agreement”), pursuant to which HB Strategies and the Sponsor agreed that, if more than 25% of the shares of ENVI Class A Common Stock were redeemed pursuant to ENVI’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in effect prior to the Business Combination (the “Existing Charter”), then they would forfeit 25% of the warrants issued to the Initial Stockholders. At the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Letter Agreement, HB Strategies and the Sponsor forfeited an aggregate of 687,500 Private Placement Warrants and Insider Warrants.
* * *
Unless the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us,” “our,” “GreenLight Holdings” and the “Company” refer to GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC, a Delaware public benefit corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references herein to the “Board” refer to the board of directors of GreenLight Holdings.
Item 1.01. |
Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. |
Indemnification Agreements
On the Closing Date, GreenLight Holdings entered into an indemnification agreement with each of its directors. These indemnification agreements require GreenLight Holdings to, among other things, indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the director for any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or executive officer of GreenLight Holdings or, while a director, is or was serving at the request of GreenLight Holdings as a director, executive officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, executive officer, employee or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a director, executive officer, employee or agent.
The right to indemnification covers all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, and amounts paid in settlement) incurred by such person in connection with any such proceeding.
An indemnitee also has the right to be reimbursed for the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred in defending or otherwise participating in a proceeding in advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that if required by law, any such reimbursement will be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the indemnitee to repay all amounts advanced if it should be determined that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for the expenses.
Except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, GreenLight Holdings will indemnify an indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board.
The foregoing description of the indemnification agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of indemnification agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.11 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 2.01. |
Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets. |
The information set forth in the Introductory Note of this Report is incorporated herein by reference. The material provisions of the Business Combination Agreement are described in the sections of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning with the section titled “Business Combination Proposal — The Business Combination Agreement,” beginning on page 105, through and including the section titled “Business Combination Proposal — Amendments,” on page 122, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the material provisions of the Subscription Agreement and the investor rights agreement, dated August 9, 2021, between ENVI, the Initial Stockholders and certain stockholders of GreenLight (the “Investor Rights Agreement”) are described in the sections of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Business Combination Proposal—Related Agreements—PIPE Financing and PIPE Prepayment,” beginning on page 123, and “—Investor Rights Agreement,” beginning on page 124, respectively, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
As previously reported in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 2, 2022, ENVI held a special meeting of the ENVI stockholders on February 1, 2022 (the “Special Meeting”). At the Special Meeting, the stockholders considered and adopted, among other matters, the Business Combination Agreement. On February 2, 2022, the parties to the Business Combination Agreement consummated the Business Combination.
Prior to the Special Meeting, certain stockholders of ENVI exercised their right to redeem approximately 19.5 million shares of ENVI Class A Common Stock for cash at a price of approximately $10.00 per share, or aggregate payments of approximately $194.9 million. The redemption price was paid out of ENVI’s trust account.
On the Closing Date, the following transactions (collectively, the “Transactions”) were completed:
• |
Merger Sub merged with and into GreenLight, with GreenLight surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of GreenLight Holdings; |
• |
ENVI filed an amended and restated certificate of incorporation, became a public benefit corporation under the Delaware General Corporation Law and changed its name to “GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC”, and the Board adopted amended and restated bylaws; |
• |
All outstanding shares of capital stock of GreenLight (other than treasury shares and shares with respect to which appraisal rights under the Delaware General Corporation Law are properly exercised and not withdrawn) were exchanged for an aggregate of approximately 104.0 million shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock; |
• |
all outstanding options to acquire shares of capital stock of GreenLight were assumed by GreenLight Holdings and converted into options under the GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC 2022 Equity and Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) to acquire an aggregate of approximately 18.0 million shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock (“Rollover Options”); |
• |
all outstanding warrants to acquire shares of capital stock of GreenLight were assumed by GreenLight Holdings and converted into warrants to acquire an aggregate of 75,920 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock (“Assumed Warrants”); |
• |
GreenLight Holdings issued 12,425,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock in the PIPE Financing; and |
• |
the 5,175,000 outstanding shares of ENVI Class B Common Stock converted into 5,175,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock. |
Immediately following the Closing, the following securities were outstanding:
Security |
Number | |||
Outstanding GreenLight Holdings Common Stock |
122,822,082 | |||
Rollover Options |
18,036,030 | |||
Assumed Warrants |
75,920 | |||
Public Warrants |
10,350,000 | |||
Private Warrants |
2,062,500 | |||
|
|
|||
Total(1) |
153,346,532 | |||
|
|
(1) |
Does not include approximately 13.7 million shares remaining available for issuance under the 2022 Plan or 2,000,000 shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. |
On February 3, 2022, the GreenLight Holdings Common Stock and the Public Warrants were listed on Nasdaq under the new trading symbols “GRNA” and “GRNAW”, respectively. As of the Closing Date and after giving effect to the Transactions and the redemptions, GreenLight Holdings’ directors and executive officers and affiliated entities held approximately 85% of the outstanding shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock (including shares acquired by them in the PIPE Financing), and the former security holders of ENVI (including the Initial Stockholders and public stockholders) held approximately 5% of the outstanding shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock (in each case without giving effect to the ownership of any options or warrants).
FORM 10 INFORMATION
Instructions to Item 2.01(f) of Form 8-K states that if the predecessor registrant was a “shell company” (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as GreenLight Holdings was immediately before the Business Combination, then the registrant must disclose the information that would be required if the registrant were filing a general form for registration on Form 10. As a result of the consummation of the Business Combination, GreenLight Holdings ceased to be a shell company. Accordingly, GreenLight Holdings is providing the information below that would be included in a Form 10 if it were to file a Form 10. The information provided below relates to GreenLight Holdings after giving effect to the consummation of the Business Combination, unless otherwise specifically indicated or the context otherwise requires.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Report and the information incorporated by reference include forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, the business and financial plans, strategies and prospects of GreenLight Holdings. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of GreenLight Holdings. Although GreenLight Holdings believes that the plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot assure you that it will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, and any statements that refer to projections, forecasts, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes”, “estimates”, “expects”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “may”, “might”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “plans”, “scheduled”, “possible”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “aims”, “works”, “focuses”, “aspires”, “strives” or “sets out” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (many of which are beyond the control of GreenLight Holdings) or other factors that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date these statements were made. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other factors:
• |
the anticipated need for additional capital to achieve GreenLight Holdings’ business goals; |
• |
the need to obtain regulatory approval for GreenLight Holdings’ product candidates; |
• |
the risk that preclinical studies and any ensuing clinical trials will not demonstrate that GreenLight Holdings’ product candidates are safe and effective; |
• |
the risk that GreenLight Holdings’ product candidates will have adverse side effects or other unintended consequences, which could impair their marketability; |
• |
the risk that GreenLight Holdings’ product candidates do not satisfy other legal and regulatory requirements for marketability in one or more jurisdictions; |
• |
the risks of enhanced regulatory scrutiny of solutions utilizing messenger ribonucleic acid (“mRNA”) as a basis; |
• |
the potential inability to achieve GreenLight Holdings’ goals regarding scalability, affordability and speed of commercialization of its product candidates; |
• |
the potential failure to realize anticipated benefits of the Business Combination or to realize estimated pro forma results and underlying assumptions changes in the industries in which GreenLight Holdings operates; |
• |
changes in laws and regulations affecting the business of GreenLight Holdings; |
• |
the potential inability to implement or achieve business plans, forecasts, and other expectations; |
• |
the potential inability to maintain the listing of GreenLight Holdings’ securities with Nasdaq; |
• |
the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against GreenLight Holdings related to the Business Combination; |
• |
unanticipated costs related to the Business Combination, including the potential exercise of appraisal rights by some GreenLight Holdings stockholders, which may reduce available cash; |
• |
the effect of the Business Combination on GreenLight Holdings’ business relationships, operating results, and business generally; |
• |
risks that the Business Combination disrupts current plans and operations of GreenLight Holdings; and |
• |
other factors detailed in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus under the section entitled “Risk Factors,” which is incorporated herein by reference. |
Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of GreenLight Holdings’ assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Some of these risks and uncertainties may in the future be amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, and there may be additional risks that GreenLight Holdings considers immaterial or which are unknown. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. GreenLight Holdings does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
Business
The business of GreenLight prior to the Business Combination is described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Information about GreenLight,” beginning on page 240, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The business of ENVI prior to the Business Combination is described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Information about ENVI,” beginning on page 213, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Risk Factors
The risk factors related to GreenLight Holdings’ business and operations are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Risk Factors,” beginning on page 25, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Financial Information — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of GreenLight for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are included in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “GreenLight’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” beginning on page 284, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of ENVI for the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) to September 30, 2021 are included in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “ENVI Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” beginning on page 232, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Properties
The properties of GreenLight Holdings are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Information about GreenLight -Facilities,” beginning on page 267, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table provides information regarding the beneficial ownership of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination by:
• |
each person known by GreenLight Holdings to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination; |
• |
each director and named executive officer of GreenLight Holdings; and |
• |
all directors and executive officers of GreenLight Holdings as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the Commission, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if the person possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or that will become exercisable within 60 days. Unless otherwise indicated, GreenLight Holdings believes that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting securities beneficially owned by them.
The beneficial ownership of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock is based on 122,822,082 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination.
Shares Beneficially Owned | ||||||||
Name of Beneficial Owner |
Number | Percentage | ||||||
Five Percent or Greater Holders |
||||||||
Builders Vision, LLC (1) |
15,843,021 | 12.9 | % | |||||
Morningside Venture Partners (2) |
13,857,931 | 11.3 | % | |||||
Kodiak Venture Partners (3) |
9,809,892 | 8.0 | % | |||||
Fall Line Endurance Fund, LP (4) |
8,901,814 | 7.3 | % | |||||
Cormorant Asset Management, LP (5) |
6,710,540 | 5.5 | % | |||||
Directors and Named Executive Officers |
||||||||
Matthew Walker (1) |
15,843,021 | 12.9 | % | |||||
Eric O’Brien (4) |
8,901,812 | 7.3 | % | |||||
Ganesh Kishore (6) |
5,818,575 | 4.7 | % | |||||
Dr. Andrey Zarur (7) |
3,628,869 | 2.9 | % | |||||
Carole Cobb (8) |
1,366,066 | 1.1 | % | |||||
Susan E. Keefe (8) |
465,383 | * | ||||||
Charles Cooney |
305,314 | * | ||||||
Martha Schlicher |
109,218 | * | ||||||
Jennifer Pardi |
— | — | ||||||
All directors and executive officers as a group (14 individuals) |
37,048,819 | 29.0 | % |
* |
Indicates beneficial ownership less than 1%. |
(1) |
Includes (a) 3,673,694 shares held by S2G Builders Food & Agriculture Fund III, LP (“Fund III”); (b) 2,087,043 shares held by S2G Ventures Fund I, L.P. (“Fund I”); and (c) 8,582,284 shares held by S2G Ventures Fund II, L.P. (“Fund II” and, together with Fund I and Fund III, the “S2G Funds”). Builders Vision, LLC is the Manager of Funds I and II, and the General Partner of Fund III, and has power to vote or direct the voting of shares held by the S2G Funds. The General Partners of Fund I and Fund II are S2G Ventures, LLC and S2G Ventures II, LLC, respectively. Mr. Walker, a director of GreenLight Holdings and a former director of GreenLight, is a Managing Director of Builders Vision, LLC, the impact platform founded by Lukas T. Walton, which includes S2G Ventures. By virtue of the foregoing, S2G Ventures, LLC, S2G Ventures II, LLC, and Mr. Walton may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) the shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock held by the S2G Funds. Mr. Walker and Mr. Walton each disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. The business address for Builders Visions, LLC is P.O. Box 1860, Bentonville, Arkansas 72712. |
(2) |
Represents (a) 12,857,931 shares held by Morningside Venture Investments Limited, and (b) 1,000,000 shares held by MVIL, LLC (together with Morningside Venture Investments Limited, “Morningside”).Frances Anne Elizabeth Richard, Jill Marie Franklin, Peter Stuart Allenby Edwards and Cheung Ka Ho are the directors of Morningside and have shared voting power over the securities held by Morningside. Each of these individuals disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by Morningside. The address of Morningside is c/o THC Management Services S.A.M., 2nd Floor, Le Prince de Galles, 3-5 Avenue des Citronniers, MC 98000, Monaco. |
(3) |
Includes (a) 9,573,157 shares held by Kodiak Venture Partners III, L.P., and (b) 236,738 shares held by Kodiak III Entrepreneurs Fund, L.P. (together with Kodiak Venture Partners III, L.P. “Kodiak”). Kodiak Ventures Management III, L.P. (“Kodiak Ventures”) is the General Partner for Kodiak, Kodiak Venture Management (GP), LLC is the General Partner for Kodiak Ventures and Kodiak Ventures Management Company, Inc. is the Member of Kodiak Ventures Management (GP), LLC (“Kodiak Ventures Management”). Mr. David Furneaux is the Chief Executive Officer of Kodiak Ventures Management Company, Inc. Each therefore has the power to vote, or direct the voting of, the shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock held by Kodiak. By virtue of the foregoing, each of Kodiak Ventures Management and Mr. Furneaux may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own (as that term is defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) the shares of GreenLight Holdings Stock held by Kodiak. Mr. Furneaux disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. The business address for Kodiak, Kodiak Ventures Management and Mr. Furneaux is 11 Peter Grover Road, Bethel, Maine 04217. |
(4) |
Represents shares held by Fall Line Endurance Fund, LP (“Fall Line”). Mr. Eric O’Brien, a director of GreenLight Holdings, is the co-founder and Managing Director of Fall Line and has the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, the shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock held by Fall Line. By virtue of the foregoing, Mr. O’Brien may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own (as that term is defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) the shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock held by Fall Line. Mr. O’Brien disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. The business address of Fall Line and Mr. O’Brien is 119 South B Street, Suite B, San Mateo, CA 94401. |
(5) |
Includes (a) 2,272,901 shares of Greenlight Holdings Common Stock held by Cormorant Global Healthcare Master Fund, LP (“Master Fund”), and (b) 4,437,639 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock held by Cormorant Private Healthcare Fund II, LP (“Fund II”). Cormorant Global Healthcare GP, LLC serves as the General Partner of Master Fund and Cormorant Private Healthcare GP II, LLC serves as the General Partner |
of Fund II. Cormorant Asset Management, LP serves as the investment manager to Master Fund and Fund II. Bihua Chen serves as the Managing Member of Cormorant Global Healthcare GP, LLC, Cormorant Private Healthcare GP II, LLC and the general partner of Cormorant Asset Management, LP (together with Master Fund and Fund II, the “Cormorant Entities”). By virtue of the foregoing, each of Bihua Chen and the Cormorant Entities may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own (as that term is defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) the shares held by each of the relevant Cormorant Entities. Each of Bihua Chen and the Cormorant Entities disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of her or its pecuniary interest therein. The business address of each of Bihua Chen and the Cormorant Entities is 200 Clarendon St., 52nd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts. |
(6) |
Represents shares held by MLS Capital Fund II, L.P. (“MLS”). Mr. Kishore, a director of GreenLight Holdings, is a Co-Manager of MLSCF II (GP) (Labuan), LLP, the General Partner of MLS, and has the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, the shares held by MLS. By virtue of the foregoing, Mr. Kishore may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own (as that term is defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) the shares held by MLS. Mr. Kishore disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. The business address of MLS and Mr. Kishore is c/o Spruce Capital Partners LLC, 660 4th Street, #295, San Francisco, California 94107. |
(7) |
Includes (a) 896,058 shares and (b) 2,732,811 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2022. |
(8) |
Represents shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of February 2, 2022. |
Directors and Executive Officers
GreenLight Holdings’ directors and executive officers after the consummation of the Business Combination are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Management Following the Business Combination” beginning on page 316, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Executive Compensation
A description of the compensation of the named executive officers and directors of GreenLight is set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the sections titled “GreenLight Executive Compensation,” beginning on page 305, and “GreenLight Director Compensation,” beginning on page 313, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A description of the compensation of the named executive officers and directors of ENVI is set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Information about ENVI—Executive Compensation and Director Compensation and Other Interests,” beginning on page 228, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Reference is made to the information set forth in Item 5.02 of this Report under the headings “GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC 2022 Equity and Incentive Plan” and “GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Certain relationships and related party transactions with respect to GreenLight are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions—GreenLight Biosciences,” beginning on page 335, which is incorporated herein by reference.
As disclosed in such section under the subheading “—GreenLight Convertible Note Financing,” certain GreenLight stockholders held convertible notes issued from April 2020 through May 2020 with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $16.8 million. At the Closing, the entire outstanding amount of principal and unpaid interest under such notes converted in accordance with their terms and the terms of the Merger into an aggregate of 6,719,110 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock, for an effective purchase price of $1.8118 per share.
Also as disclosed in such section under the subheading “—Post-Business Combination Arrangements,” certain GreenLight stockholders who participated in the PIPE Financing advanced an aggregate of $27,000,000 of the proceeds of the PIPE Financing to GreenLight on or about December 2021 through the purchase of convertible securities. At the Closing, GreenLight Holdings accepted the surrender of such convertible securities as payment of the purchase of 2,700,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock in the PIPE Financing at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, and paid the holders of such convertible securities aggregate interest of approximately $10,300 in cash.
Certain relationships and related party transactions with respect to ENVI are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — ENVI,” beginning on page 331, which is incorporated herein by reference.
As disclosed in such section under the subheading “—Related Party Note,” on August 9, 2021, ENVI issued a promissory note to HB Strategies in the aggregate principal amount of $500,000. At the Closing, HB Strategies forgave the entire amount outstanding under such promissory note.
Reference is made to the information set forth above in the Introductory Note of this Report under the heading “Warrant Forfeiture,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Reference is made to the information set forth above in Item 1.01 of this Report under the heading “Indemnification Agreement,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Information with respect to the independence of GreenLight Holdings’ directors is set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the sections titled “Management Following the Business Combination - Director Independence,” on page 321, and “Management Following the Business Combination - Committees of the Board of Directors,” beginning on page 321, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Legal Proceedings
Reference is made to the disclosure regarding legal proceedings in the sections of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Information about ENVI - Legal Proceedings,” on page 213, and “Information about GreenLight - Legal Proceedings,” beginning on page 282, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
Market Information and Holders
The ENVI Class A Common Stock and the ENVI units and Public Warrants historically traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “ENVI,” “ENVIU” and “ENVIW”, respectively. GreenLight Holdings Common Stock and Public Warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the new trading symbols “GRNA” and “GRNAW,” respectively, on February 3, 2022. Also on February 3, 2022, Nasdaq filed a Form 25 with the SEC delisting the ENVI units.
As of the Closing Date and following the completion of the Business Combination, the outstanding shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock were held by approximately 164 holders of record.
Dividends
GreenLight Holdings has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be within the discretion of the Board and will depend on GreenLight Holdings’ revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. GreenLight Holdings’ ability to declare dividends may also be limited by certain restrictive covenants pursuant to any debt financing agreements.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The information set forth in Item 3.02 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
In addition, in connection with the initial formation of ENVI in July 2020, the Sponsor and HB Strategies were issued all of ENVI’s outstanding equity. The Sponsor purchased 2,156,250 shares of ENVI Class B Common Stock, or founder shares, in August 2020, resulting in the Sponsor directly and CGGI indirectly owning such founder shares. The remaining 5,031,250 founder shares were purchased by HB Strategies, ENVI’s anchor investor, in September 2020. In December 2020, the Sponsor and HB Strategies returned to ENVI, at no cost, 862,500 and 2,443,750 founder shares, respectively, and ENVI issued 143,750 founder shares to each of Gov. Deval L. Patrick, David Brewster and Dean Seavers, ENVI’s independent director nominees at the time of its initial public offering, resulting in an aggregate of 4,312,500 founder shares outstanding and held by the initial stockholders. At the conclusion of ENVI’s initial public offering, the number shares of Class B Common Stock was increased by means of a stock split, resulting in a total of 5,175,000 shares of ENVI Class B Common Stock outstanding. The founder shares were purchased for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.005 per share. At the Closing of the Business Combination, the founder shares were converted into shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock at a ratio of 1-to-1.
In connection with ENVI’s initial public offering, HB Strategies and/or its affiliates purchased the Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000. Additionally, the Sponsor purchased 600,000 Insider Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant, and ENVI issued 50,000 Insider Warrants to each of Gov. Patrick, Messrs. Brewster and Seavers, its then independent director nominees, in connection with services to be rendered.
Description of Registrant’s Securities
The description of GreenLight Holdings’ securities is included in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Description of New GreenLight Securities,” beginning on page 358, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Information about the indemnification of GreenLight Holdings’ directors and officers is set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the sections entitled “Description of New GreenLight Securities — Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors” on page 369, and “Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights — Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Agents — New GreenLight,” beginning on page 355, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The information set forth in Item 1.01 of this Report under the section titled “Indemnification Agreements” is incorporated herein by reference.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information set forth in Item 9.01 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
The information set forth in Item 4.01 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Financial Statements and Exhibits
The information set forth in Item 9.01 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 2.03 |
Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant. |
GreenLight is a party to loan arrangements with each of (a) Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Powerscourt Investments XXV, LP, (b) Silicon Valley Bank and (c) Trinity Capital Inc. These loan arrangements are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “GreenLight’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” under the subheadings “— Horizon Loan Agreement,” “—Silicon Valley Bank Loan Agreement” and “—Trinity Capital Equipment Financing Agreement”, beginning on page 294, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 3.02. |
Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities. |
In connection with the Business Combination, GreenLight Holdings completed the sale and issuance of 12,425,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock in a private placement at a purchase price of $10.00 per share pursuant to the Subscription Agreements that had been entered into between GreenLight Holdings and the PIPE Investors either concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement or subsequently in November 2021.
On or about December 29, 2021, certain of the PIPE Investors (the “Prepaying PIPE Investors”) purchased approximately $35.3 million of convertible securities (the “Convertible Instruments”) from GreenLight that had a one-year maturity and bore interest at a rate equal to the minimum applicable federal rate per annum payable at maturity (the “PIPE Prepayment”) pursuant to Convertible Instrument Investment Agreements (the “Convertible Investment Agreements”) between GreenLight and each such Prepaying PIPE Investor and related letter agreements among ENVI, GreenLight and each such Prepaying PIPE Investor. Upon the Closing of the Business Combination, the Convertible Instruments were surrendered and cancelled, and GreenLight Holdings accepted such surrender and cancellation as a corresponding payment by the Prepaying PIPE Investors to GreenLight Holdings for all or a portion, as the case may be, of such Prepaying PIPE Investors’ purchase price for the shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock purchased pursuant to the Subscription Agreements. The aggregate amount of principal and accrued interest on the Convertible Instruments was included for purposes of calculating the Aggregate Closing PIPE Proceeds.
The shares issued by GreenLight Holdings to the PIPE Investors on the Closing Date were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act”), as a transaction by an issuer not involving any public offering, and also in some cases in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act, as a transaction by an issuer involving offers and sales of securities occurring outside the United States.
Item 3.03. |
Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders. |
In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, ENVI changed its name to “GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC” and adopted an amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “New Charter”) and amended and restated bylaws (the “New Bylaws”). Reference is made to the information set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the sections titled “The Public Benefit Corporation Proposal,” “The Charter Amendment Proposal,” “The Advisory Charter Amendment Proposals,” “Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights” and “Description of New GreenLight Securities” beginning on pages 158, 166, 168, 342 and 358, respectively, each of which is incorporated herein by reference, and the information set forth below in Item 5.03 of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Some of the material modifications to the rights of security holders include, but are not limited to:
• |
the conversion of ENVI from a traditional Delaware corporation into a public benefit corporation, which allows the Board to balance the interests of stockholders, those materially affected by GreenLight Holdings’ conduct and the specific public benefits identified in the New Charter; |
• |
the addition of a public benefit purpose to the New Charter; |
• |
the inapplicability to GreenLight Holdings, as a public benefit corporation, of the “Revlon” doctrine, or the Delaware common law doctrine that imposes on directors the traditional duty to maximize short-term stockholder value in the context of transactions implicating a sale of control; |
• |
the requirement that a stockholder wishing to enforce the public benefit balancing requirement of GreenLight Holdings, as a public benefit corporation whose shares are traded on a national securities exchange, must hold, collectively, the lesser of 2% of GreenLight Holdings’ outstanding shares or shares with a market value of at least $2 million; |
• |
an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock from 120 million to 500 million and an increase in the number of authorized shares of undesignated preferred stock from 1 million to 10 million; |
• |
a requirement to obtain the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of GreenLight Holdings to amend or repeal certain provisions of the New Charter, rather than a simple majority; |
• |
a requirement that special meeting of stockholders may only be called by a resolution of the Board; |
• |
changes to the procedures for the proper and timely delivery of stockholder proposals to be voted upon at stockholder meetings and stockholder nominations of directors, including the timing for delivery of notice of the proposal or nomination, expansion of the information to be provided in such notice, and a requirement to update such notice; |
• |
the requirement that all actions required or permitted to be taken by stockholders must be effected pursuant to a duly called meeting and not by written consent; and |
• |
the addition of Article X, Business Combination Lock-Up, in the Bylaws applicable to certain stockholders and option holders of GreenLight who received shares, or options to purchase shares, as applicable, of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock pursuant to the Business Combination. |
This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the New Charter and New Bylaws, which are attached as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 hereto, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4.01. |
Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant. |
(a) |
Change in independent registered public accounting firm |
WithumSmith+Brown, PC (“Withum”) served as the independent registered public accounting firm of ENVI prior to the completion of the Business Combination. Accordingly, Withum was informed that the Board approved Withum’s dismissal as GreenLight Holdings’ independent registered public accounting firm once it completes the audit of ENVI’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
On February 7, 2022, the audit committee (the “Audit Committee”) of the Board approved the engagement of Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) as GreenLight Holdings’ principal independent registered public accounting firm to audit the consolidated financial statements of GreenLight Holdings for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Neither the report of Withum on ENVI’s balance sheet as of January 19, 2021 nor the report of Withum on ENVI’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2020, the statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2020, and the related notes to the financial statements, contained an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion or was qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, other than the restatement of ENVI’s balance sheet and the emphasis of matter regarding ENVI’s ability to continue as a going concern as of January 19, 2021.
During the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2021, and the subsequent interim period through February 6, 2022, there were no “disagreements” (as such term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act) between ENVI and Withum on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Withum, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in its reports on ENVI’s financial statements.
During the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2021, and the subsequent interim period through February 6, 2022, there were no “reportable events” (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act), other than the occurrence of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2021, June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021 as a result of ENVI’s disclosure controls not being effective for such quarterly periods.
GreenLight Holdings has provided Withum with a copy of the foregoing disclosures in this Item 4.01(a) and has requested that Withum furnish GreenLight Holdings with a letter addressed to the Commission stating whether it agrees with the statements made by GreenLight Holdings set forth above. A copy of Withum’s letter, dated February 7, 2022, is filed as Exhibit 16.1 to this Report.
(b) |
Disclosures regarding the new independent auditor |
As described above, on February 7, 2022, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of Deloitte as GreenLight Holdings’ principal independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte served as the independent registered public accounting firm of GreenLight prior to the Business Combination. During the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2021, and the subsequent interim period through February 6, 2022,
GreenLight Holdings did not consult with Deloitte with respect to (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on GreenLight Holdings’ financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to GreenLight Holdings that Deloitte concluded was an important factor considered by GreenLight Holdings in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue, or (ii) any other matter that was the subject of a disagreement or a reportable event (as defined above).
Item 5.01. |
Changes in Control of Registrant. |
The information set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “The Business Combination Proposal,” beginning on page 105, is incorporated herein by reference. The information set forth in the Introductory Note of this Report and Item 2.01 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 5.02. |
Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers. |
Departure and Appointment of Directors and Officers
Effective upon the Closing, and in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, each of Daniel Coyne, Marc Marano, Deval L. Patrick, David Brewster and Dean Seavers ceased serving as a director of GreenLight Holdings, and each of Daniel Coyne and Marc Marano ceased serving as an executive officer of GreenLight Holdings.
In accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, the following persons are serving as executive officers and directors of GreenLight Holdings following the Closing, all of whom (other than Jennifer E. Pardi, a director of GreenLight Holdings before the Closing) were appointed effective as of the Closing. For biographical information concerning the executive officers and directors, see the information in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Management Following the Business Combination,” beginning on page 316, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Name |
Age |
Position |
||||
Executive Officers |
||||||
Andrey J. Zarur, Ph.D. |
51 |
Chief Executive Officer, President and Class III Director |
||||
Carole Cobb, M.B.A. |
64 |
Chief Operating Officer |
||||
Charu Manocha, M.B.A. |
55 |
Chief People Officer |
||||
Marta Ortega-Valle, M.B.A. |
49 |
Chief Business Officer, Human Health |
||||
Susan Keefe, M.B.A. |
49 |
Chief Financial Officer |
||||
David Kennedy |
60 |
General Counsel |
||||
Amin Khan, Ph.D. |
59 |
Chief Scientific Officer |
||||
Mark Singleton, Ph.D. |
54 |
Senior Vice President of Technology |
Non-Employee Directors |
||||||
Charles Cooney(1) |
77 |
Class III Director |
||||
Ganesh Kishore(2)(3) |
68 |
Class III Director |
||||
Eric O’Brien(2) |
49 |
Class I Director |
||||
Jennifer E. Pardi(1)(3) |
40 |
Class I Director |
||||
Martha Schlicher(1)(2) |
61 |
Class II Director |
||||
Matthew Walker(2)(3) |
40 |
Class II Director |
(1) |
Member of the audit committee. |
(2) |
Member of the compensation committee. |
(3) |
Member of the nominating and corporate governance committee. |
The information set forth in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” beginning on page 333, is incorporated herein by reference.
Compensation and Employment Arrangements
Each of Andrey J. Zarur, Chief Executive Officer of GreenLight Holdings, Carole Cobb, Chief Operating Officer of GreenLight Holdings, and Susan Keefe, Chief Financial Officer of GreenLight Holdings, has an existing employment agreement or offer letter with GreenLight. Information regarding the compensation and employment arrangements of these individuals, including equity awards, is set forth in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “GreenLight Executive Compensation,” beginning on page 305, which is incorporated herein by reference. At the Closing, the equity awards held by these individuals were assumed by GreenLight Holdings and became equity awards with respect to shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock, as described in Item 2.01 of this Report.
The information regarding the employment arrangements with each of Dr. Zarur, Ms. Cobb and Ms. Keefe is qualified its entirety by reference to the employment agreements and offer letters filed as Exhibits 10.12, 10.13 and 10.14, respectively, to this Report, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding the compensation arrangements of the non-employee directors of GreenLight Holdings, including equity awards, is set forth in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “GreenLight Director Compensation,” beginning on page 313, which is incorporated herein by reference. At the Closing, an equity award held by Martha Schlicher was assumed by GreenLight Holdings and became an equity award with respect to shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock, as described in Item 2.01 of this Report.
GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC 2022 Equity and Incentive Plan
At the Special Meeting, the ENVI stockholders approved the 2022 Plan, and the 2022 Plan became effective on February 2, 2022. The 2022 Plan allows GreenLight Holdings to make equity and equity-based incentive awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The 2022 Plan will initially be administered by the compensation committee of the Board. The
plan administrator has full power to select, from among the individuals eligible for awards, the individuals to whom awards will be granted, to make a combination of awards to participants, and to determine the specific terms and conditions of each award, subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan.
A total of 31,750,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock are initially reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan, which reservation includes the Rollover Options. The Rollover Options were issued under the 2022 Plan. The 2022 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the plan will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2023 and ending in 2032, by 4% of the outstanding number of shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock on the immediately preceding December 31, or such lesser amount as determined by the plan administrator. No awards may be granted under the 2022 Plan after February 2, 2032, and awards of incentive stock options may not be granted after August 9, 2031.
A more complete summary of the terms of the 2022 Plan is set forth in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “The Incentive Award Plan Proposal,” beginning on page 174, which is incorporated herein by reference. That summary and the foregoing description of the 2022 Plan are qualified in their entirety by reference to the 2022 Plan, which is filed as Exhibit 10.5 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
At the Special Meeting, the ENVI stockholders approved the GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2022 ESPP”), and the 2022 ESPP became effective on February 2, 2022. The 2022 ESPP, which was adopted pursuant to Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, provides eligible employees an opportunity to purchase GreenLight Holdings Common Stock at a discount through accumulated contributions of their earned compensation. The 2022 ESPP will initially be administered by the compensation committee of the Board.
A total of 2,000,000 shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock are initially reserved for issuance under the 2022 ESPP. The 2022 ESPP provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the plan will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2023, by the least of 4,000,000 shares, 4% of the outstanding number of shares of GreenLight Holdings Common Stock on the immediately preceding December 31, or such lesser amount as determined by the plan administrator.
A more complete summary of the terms of the 2022 ESPP is set forth in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal,” beginning on page 181, which is incorporated herein by reference. That summary and the foregoing description of the 2022 ESPP are qualified in their entirety by reference to the 2022 ESPP, which is filed as Exhibit 10.6 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
Indemnification Agreements
As of the Closing Date, GreenLight Holdings entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors. The description of the indemnification agreements in Item 1.01 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 5.03. |
Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or By-laws; Change in Fiscal Year. |
At the Special Meeting, the ENVI stockholders approved, among other things, the Public Benefit Corporation Proposal (the “PBC Proposal”), which is described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, beginning on page 158.
The New Charter, which became effective upon its filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 2, 2022, includes the amendments proposed by the PBC Proposal, as well as other amendments described in Item 3.03.
On August 9, 2021, the Board approved and adopted the New Bylaws, which became effective immediately prior to the Effective Time. Copies of the New Charter and the New Bylaws are attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference.
The description of the New Charter and the general effect of the New Charter and the New Bylaws upon the rights of holders of GreenLight Holdings’ capital stock are included in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus under the sections of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Description of New GreenLight Securities,” beginning on page 358, “The Public Benefit Corporation Proposal, beginning on page 158, “The Charter Amendment Proposal,” beginning on page 166, “The Advisory Charter Amendment Proposals,” beginning on page 168, and the “Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights,” beginning on page 342, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The information set forth under Item 3.03 is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 5.05. |
Amendments to the Registrant’s Code of Ethics, or Waiver of a Provision of the Code of Ethics |
A copy of Greenlight Holdings’ Code of Ethics applicable to our directors, officers, and employees can be found in the investor relations section of GreenLight Holdings’ website at www.greenlightbio.com.
GreenLight Holdings intends to disclose future amendments to such code, or any waivers of its requirements, applicable to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions on its website identified above or in a current report on Form 8-K. Information contained on the website is not incorporated by reference herein and should not be considered to be part of this Report. The inclusion of GreenLight Holdings’ website address in this Report is an inactive textual reference only.
Item 5.06. |
Change in Shell Company Status |
GreenLight Holdings ceased to be a shell company upon the closing of the Business Combination. The material terms of the Business Combination are described in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Business Combination Proposal,” beginning on page 105, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 7.01. |
Regulation FD Disclosure. |
On February 3, 2022, GreenLight Holdings issued a press release announcing the closing of the Business Combination. A copy of the press release is filed as Exhibit 99.2 and incorporated herein by reference.
The information in this Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99.2, is furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to liabilities under that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into the filings of the registrant under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filings. This Report will not be deemed an admission as to the materiality of any information contained in this Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99.2.
Item 9.01. |
Financial Statements and Exhibits |
(a) |
Financial statements of businesses or funds acquired. |
The consolidated financial statements of GreenLight as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related notes thereto and report of independent registered public accounting firm, are set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page F-42 and are incorporated herein by reference.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of GreenLight as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and the related notes thereto, are set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page F-78 and are incorporated herein by reference.
The financial statements of ENVI as of December 31, 2020 and for the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, and the related notes thereto and report of independent registered public accounting firm, are set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page F-27 and are incorporated herein by reference.
The unaudited condensed financial statements of ENVI as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and the related notes thereto, are set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page F-2 and are incorporated herein by reference.
(b) |
Pro forma financial information. |
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information of GreenLight Holdings as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and for the year ended December 31, 2020, giving effect to the Business Combination, the PIPE Financing and the other matters described therein, is set forth in Exhibit 99.1 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference.
(c) |
Exhibits |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
+ |
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. |
† |
Certain identified information has been excluded from this exhibit because either (a) the information is both not material and the type of information that the Registrant treats as private or confidential or (b) disclosure of such information would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. |
†† |
Schedules and exhibits to this Exhibit omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule of exhibit to the SEC upon request. |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC | ||
By: |
/s/ Andrey Zarur |
|
Name: Andrey Zarur, Ph.D. | ||
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Date: February 7, 2022 |
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ACQUISITION CORP.
February 2, 2022
Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the Corporation), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY AS FOLLOWS:
1. The name of the Corporation is Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp.. The original certificate of incorporation of the Corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 2, 2020 (the Original Certificate).
2. An Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which amended and restated the Original Certificate in its entirety, was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 13, 2021 (as amended from time to time, the Existing Certificate).
3. This Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the Certificate of Incorporation), which both restates and amends the provisions of the Existing Certificate, was duly adopted in accordance with Sections 211, 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time (the DGCL).
4. This Certificate of Incorporation shall become effective upon filing.
5. The text of the Existing Certificate is hereby restated and amended in its entirety to read as follows:
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC
A PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATION
ARTICLE I
NAME
The name of the public benefit corporation is GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC (the Corporation).
ARTICLE II
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any act or activity to improve the public health and wellbeing of people and the environment by, among other things, engineering, developing and commercializing biological products that can reduce chemicals in the environment and promote health through delivery of high quality, affordable solutions that improve outcomes for people and the planet, and to engage in any other lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL.
1
ARTICLE III
REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT
The address of the Corporations registered office in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, 19808, and the name of the Corporations registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.
ARTICLE IV
CAPITALIZATION
Section 4.1 Authorized Capital Stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 510,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 500,000,000 shares of common stock (the Common Stock) and (b) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock (the Preferred Stock).
Section 4.2 Preferred Stock. The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the Board) is hereby expressly authorized, without any action or vote by the Corporations stockholders (except as may be provided by the terms of any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding), to provide out of the unissued shares of the Preferred Stock for one or more series of Preferred Stock and to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional, special and other rights, if any, of each such series and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board providing for the issuance of such series and included in a certificate of designation (a Preferred Stock Designation) filed pursuant to the DGCL, and the Board is hereby expressly vested with the authority to the full extent provided by law, now or hereafter, to adopt any such resolution or resolutions. Subject to Article IX and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock under any Preferred Stock Designation, the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock or any series thereof may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.
Section 4.3 Common Stock.
(a) Voting.
(i) Except as otherwise required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), the holders of shares of Common Stock shall exclusively possess all voting power with respect to the Corporation.
(ii) Except as otherwise required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each such share on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders on which the holders of the Common Stock are entitled to vote.
(iii) Except as otherwise required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and on all other matters properly submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), the holders of shares of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any amendment to any Preferred Stock Designation) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series of Preferred Stock are entitled exclusively, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) or the DGCL.
2
(iv) Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.
(b) Dividends. Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions (payable in cash, property or capital stock of the Corporation) when, as and if declared thereon by the Board from time to time out of any assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions.
(c) Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up of the Corporation. Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive all the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them.
Section 4.4 Rights and Options. The Corporation has the authority to create and issue rights, warrants and options entitling the holders thereof to acquire from the Corporation any shares of its capital stock of any class or classes, with such rights, warrants and options to be evidenced by or in instrument(s) approved by the Board. The Board is empowered to set the exercise price, duration, times for exercise and other terms and conditions of such rights, warrants or options; provided, however, that the consideration to be received for any shares of capital stock issuable upon exercise thereof may not be less than the par value thereof.
ARTICLE V
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 5.1 Board Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by, or under the direction of, the Board. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon the Board by statute, this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation (Bylaws), the Board is hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of the DGCL, this Certificate of Incorporation and any Bylaws adopted by the stockholders; provided, however, that no Bylaws hereafter adopted by the stockholders shall invalidate any prior act of the Board that would have been valid if such Bylaws had not been adopted.
Section 5.2 Number, Election and Term.
(a) The number of directors of the Corporation, other than those who may be elected by the holders of one or more series of the Preferred Stock voting separately by class or series, shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board.
(b) Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, the Board is and shall continue to be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. The Board is authorized to assign members of the Board already in office to Class I, Class II or Class III. The term of the initial Class I Directors shall expire at the first annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation after January 13, 2021, the term of the initial Class II Directors shall expire at the second annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation after January 13, 2021, and the term of the initial Class III Directors shall expire at the third annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation after January 13, 2021. At each annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, beginning with the first annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation after
3
January 13, 2021, each of the successors elected to replace the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation thereafter. Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, if the number of directors that constitutes the Board is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned by the Board among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, but in no case shall a decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board shorten the term of any incumbent director. Subject to the rights, if any of the holders of shares of one or more series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors pursuant to the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock, the election of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon.
(c) Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, a director shall hold office until the annual meeting for the year in which such directors term expires and thereafter until the election and qualification of such directors successor in office, subject to such directors earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal.
(d) Unless and except to the extent that the Bylaws shall so require, the election of directors need not be by written ballot. The holders of shares of Common Stock shall not have cumulative voting rights.
Section 5.3 Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled solely and exclusively by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders), and any director so chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors to which the new directorship was added or in which the vacancy occurred.
Section 5.4 Removal. Subject to Section 5.5 hereof and except as otherwise required by this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), any or all of the directors may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
Section 5.5 Preferred Stock Directors. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article V, and except as otherwise required by law, whenever the holders of one or more series of the Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately by class or series, to elect one or more directors, the term of office, the filling of vacancies, the removal from office and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of such series of the Preferred Stock as set forth in this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), and such directors shall not be included in any of the classes created pursuant to this Article V unless expressly provided by such terms.
Section 5.6 Quorum. A quorum for the transaction of business by the directors shall be set forth in the Bylaws.
ARTICLE VI
BYLAWS
In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred upon it by law, the Board shall have the power and is expressly authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The affirmative vote of a majority of the Board shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The Bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders; provided, however, that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by law or by this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the
4
voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws; provided further, however, that if the Board recommends that stockholders approve such adoption, amendment, alteration or repeal at such meeting of stockholders, such adoption, amendment, alteration or repeal shall only require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class; and provided further, however, that no Bylaws hereafter adopted by the stockholders shall invalidate any prior act of the Board that would have been valid if such Bylaws had not been adopted.
ARTICLE VII
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS; ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT
Section 7.1 Meetings. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, and to the requirements of applicable law, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, and the ability of the stockholders to call a special meeting is hereby specifically denied. Except as provided in the foregoing sentence, special meetings of stockholders may not be called by another person or persons. Only those matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered or acted upon at a special meeting of stockholders.
Section 7.2 Advance Notice. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.
Section 7.3 Action by Written Consent. Except as may be otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) relating to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected by a duly called annual or special meeting of such stockholders and may not be effected by written consent of the stockholders.
ARTICLE VIII
LIMITED LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION; INSURANCE
Section 8.1 Limitation of Director Liability. A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or may hereafter be amended. Any amendment, modification or repeal of the foregoing sentence shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such amendment, modification or repeal.
Section 8.2 Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.
(a) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless each person who is or was made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a Proceeding) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (an Indemnitee), whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or
5
agent, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys fees, judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding. The Corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the expenses (including attorneys fees) incurred by an Indemnitee in defending or otherwise participating in any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, to the extent required by applicable law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking, by or on behalf of the Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 8.2 or otherwise. The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Section 8.2 shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.2(a), except for Proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses, the Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to an Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Indemnitee only if such Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board.
(b) The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred on any Indemnitee by this Section 8.2 shall not be exclusive of any other rights that any Indemnitee may have or hereafter acquire under law, this Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, an agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
(c) Any amendment, alteration, change or repeal of this Section 8.2 by the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Section 8.2, shall, unless otherwise required by law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and shall not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of such amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption in respect of any Proceeding (regardless of when such Proceeding is first threatened, commenced or completed) arising out of, or related to, any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption.
(d) This Section 8.2 shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner authorized or permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Indemnitees.
Section 8.3 Insurance. The Corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses incurred by such person in any such capacity or arising out of such persons status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability, loss or expense under the DGCL.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENT; SEVERABILITY
Section 9.1 General. The Corporation reserves the right at any time and from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), and other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force that may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by this Certificate of Incorporation and the DGCL; and, except as set forth in Article VIII, all rights, preferences and privileges of whatever nature herein conferred upon stockholders, directors or any other persons by and pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article IX.
6
Section 9.2 Voting Requirements. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) to the contrary, in addition to any vote required by applicable law, this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) or the Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders to reduce the total number of shares of Preferred Stock authorized to be issued by the Corporation or to amend, alter, change or repeal, or adopt any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with, Section 4.2, Article V, Article VI, Article VII, this Article IX or Article X. No amendment, alteration, change or repeal of, or adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with, any of Section 4.2, Article V, Article VI, Article VII, this Article IX or Article X shall adversely affect any right or protection of any person existing thereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption.
Section 9.3 Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Certificate of Incorporation containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
ARTICLE X
EXCLUSIVE FORUM FOR CERTAIN LAWSUITS
Section 10.1 Forum. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the Court of Chancery) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or Proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporations stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine (as defined by the laws of the State of Delaware) and, if brought outside the State of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholders counsel, except for, as to each of (i) through (iv) above, any claim (A) as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, or (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the provisions of this Section 10.1 will not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction, and (ii) unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 10.2 Consent to Jurisdiction. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of Section 10.1 immediately above is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a Foreign Action) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any
7
action brought in any such court to enforce Section 10.1 immediately above (an FSC Enforcement Action) and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such FSC Enforcement Action by service upon such stockholders counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.
Section 10.3 Notice. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article X.
ARTICLE XI
CORPORATE OPPORTUNITY
To the extent allowed by law, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any other analogous doctrine, shall not apply to any director of the Corporation who is not an officer or employee of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (any such director, a Covered Director) in circumstances where the application of any such doctrine would conflict with any fiduciary duty or contractual obligation such Covered Director may have as of the date of this Certificate of Incorporation or in the future, and the Corporation renounces any interest or expectancy that any Covered Director will offer to the Corporation any such corporate opportunity of which he or she may become aware, except that the doctrine of corporate opportunity shall apply with respect to any Covered Director with respect to a corporate opportunity that is presented or offered to, or acquired, created or developed by, or otherwise comes into the possession of, such Covered Director solely in his or her capacity as a director of the Corporation, and the Covered Director is permitted to present that opportunity to the Corporation without violating any legal obligation. An opportunity shall not be deemed to be a potential corporate opportunity for the Corporation if it is a business opportunity that (a) the Corporation is not financially or legally able to undertake, (b) from its nature, is not in the line of the Corporations business or is of no practical advantage to the Corporation or (c) is one in which the Corporation has no interest or reasonable expectancy.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
8
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp. has caused this Certificate of Incorporation to be duly executed and acknowledged in its name and on its behalf by an authorized officer as of the date first set forth above.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ACQUISITION CORP. |
By: | /s/ Daniel Coyne |
Name: | Daniel Coyne | |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
[Signature Page to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation]
9
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC
A PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATION
(THE CORPORATION)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1.1 Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation within the State of Delaware shall be located at either (a) the principal place of business of the Corporation in the State of Delaware or (b) the office of the corporation or individual acting as the Corporations registered agent in Delaware.
Section 1.2 Additional Offices. The Corporation may, in addition to its registered office in the State of Delaware, have such other offices and places of business, both within and outside the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the Board) may from time to time determine or as the business and affairs of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS MEETINGS
Section 2.1 Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or outside the State of Delaware, and time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board and stated in the notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5(a). At each annual meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters shall elect those directors of the Corporation to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of such annual meeting and may transact any other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. If no annual meeting has been held for a period of thirteen (13) months after the Corporations last annual meeting, a special meeting in lieu thereof may be held, and such special meeting shall have, for the purposes of these Bylaws or otherwise, all the force and effect of an annual meeting. Any and all references hereafter in these Bylaws to an annual meeting or annual meetings also shall be deemed to refer to any special meeting(s) in lieu thereof.
Section 2.2 Special Meetings. Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of the preferred stock of the Corporation (Preferred Stock), and to the requirements of applicable law, special meetings of stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called only by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board and may not be called by any other person. Special meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or outside the State of Delaware, and at such time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board and stated in the Corporations notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5(a). The Board may, in its sole discretion, postpone or reschedule any previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders. Nominations of persons for election to the Board and stockholder proposals of other business shall not be brought before a special meeting of stockholders to be considered by the stockholders unless such special meeting is held in lieu of an annual meeting of stockholders in accordance with Section 2.1 of these Bylaws, in which case such special meeting in lieu thereof shall be deemed an annual meeting for purposes of these Bylaws.
1
Section 2.3 Notices. Written notice of each stockholders meeting stating the place, if any, date, and time of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting and the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, shall be given in the manner permitted by Section 9.3 to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, by the Corporation not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting unless otherwise required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the DGCL). If said notice is for a stockholders meeting other than an annual meeting, it shall in addition state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and the business transacted at such meeting shall be limited to the matters so stated in the Corporations notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto). Any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be postponed or cancelled by the Board upon Public Announcement (as defined in Section 2.7(c)) given before the date previously scheduled for such meeting.
Section 2.4 Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Corporations Certificate of Incorporation, as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the Certificate of Incorporation) or these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy, at a stockholders meeting of the holders of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation representing a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. If a quorum shall not be present, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.6 until a quorum shall attend. The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any such other corporation to vote shares held by it in a fiduciary capacity.
Section 2.5 Voting of Shares.
(a) Voting Lists. The Secretary of the Corporation (the Secretary) shall prepare, or shall cause the officer or agent who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation to prepare and make, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address and the number and class of shares registered in the name of each stockholder; provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date. Nothing contained in this Section 2.5(a) shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If a meeting of stockholders is to be held solely by means of remote communication as permitted by Section 9.5(a), the list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the
2
information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of meeting. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence regarding which stockholders are entitled to examine the list required by this Section 2.5(a) or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
(b) Manner of Voting. At any stockholders meeting, every stockholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy. If authorized by the Board, the voting by stockholders or proxy holders at any meeting conducted by remote communication may be effected by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission (as defined in Section 9.3), provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which the Corporation can determine that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder. The Board, in its discretion, or the chairman of the meeting of stockholders, in such persons discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.
(c) Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Proxies need not be filed with the Secretary until the meeting is called to order, but shall be filed with the Secretary before being voted. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, either of the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority. No stockholder shall have cumulative voting rights.
(i) A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or such stockholders authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or causing such persons signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means, including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
(ii) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of an electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission authorizing another person or persons to act as proxy for a stockholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used; provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.
(d) Required Vote. Subject to the rights of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors pursuant to the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock, at all meetings of stockholders at which a quorum is present, the election of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. All other matters presented to the stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon, unless the matter is one upon which, by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable stock exchange rules, a different vote is required, in which case such provision shall govern and control the decision of such matter.
(e) Inspectors of Election. The Board may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more persons as inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation or otherwise serve the Corporation in other capacities, to act at such meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The Board may appoint one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspectors of election or alternates are appointed by the Board, the
3
chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall ascertain and report the number of outstanding shares and the voting power of each; determine the number of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots; count all votes and ballots and report the results; determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors; and certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election. Each report of an inspector shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors.
Section 2.6 Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may be adjourned by the chairman of the meeting, from time to time, whether or not there is a quorum, to reconvene at the same or some other place. Notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the date, time, and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the stockholders, or the holders of any class or series of stock entitled to vote separately as a class, as the case may be, may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 9.2, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.
Section 2.7 Advance Notice for Business.
(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (i) specified in the Corporations notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (A) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote at such annual meeting on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.7(a) and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (B) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a). Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.7(a) to the contrary, only persons nominated for election as a director to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of the annual meeting pursuant to Section 3.2 will be considered for election at such meeting.
(i) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business (other than nominations) to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary and such business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. Subject to Section 2.7(a)(iv), a stockholders notice to the Secretary with respect to such business, to be timely, must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 120th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 150th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (or if there has been no prior annual meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the 150th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (A) the close of business on the 120th day before the meeting or (B) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which Public Announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. The Public
4
Announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting shall not commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholders notice as described in this Section 2.7(a).
(ii) To be in proper written form, a stockholders notice to the Secretary with respect to any business (other than nominations) must set forth as to each such matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (B) the name and record address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporations books and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (D) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including, regardless of the form of settlement, any derivative, long or short positions, profit interests, forwards, futures, swaps, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into by or on behalf of, or any other agreement, arrangement or understanding that has been made, the effect or intent of which is to create or mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner with respect to the Corporations securities, (E) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder, (F) any material interest of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business, (G) a representation that such stockholder is a stockholder of record and that such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting and (H) a representation as to whether such stockholder or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends to (1) deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporations outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal.
(iii) A stockholder providing timely notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information (including, without limitation, any material interest of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business) provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to these Bylaws shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is 10 business days prior to such annual meeting, and such update and supplement shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the fifth business day after the record date for the annual meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than the close of business on the eighth business day prior to the date of the annual meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of 10 business days prior to the meeting).
(iv) The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder as to any proposal (other than nominations) if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of such stockholders intention to present such proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereof) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and such stockholder has complied with the requirements of such Rule for inclusion of such proposal in a proxy statement prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. Except as otherwise required by law, nothing in this Section 2.7 shall obligate the Corporation to include information with respect to such proposal in any proxy statement. No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a), provided, however, that once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such
5
business. If the Board or the chairman of the annual meeting determines that any stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.7(a) or that the information provided in a stockholders notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 2.7(a), then such proposal shall not be presented for action at the annual meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.7(a), if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such matter may have been received by the Corporation.
(v) In addition to the provisions of this Section 2.7(a), a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporations proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporations notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board and stockholder proposals of other business shall not be brought before a special meeting of stockholders to be considered by the stockholders.
(c) Public Announcement. For purposes of these Bylaws, Public Announcement shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed or furnished by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (or any successor thereto).
Section 2.8 Conduct of Meetings. The chairman of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Chairman of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Executive Officer or if the Chief Executive Officer is not a director, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, such other person as shall be appointed by the Board. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting. The Board may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with these Bylaws or such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and to adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (e) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. The secretary of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Secretary or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary so appointed to act by the chairman of the meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 2.9 Consents in Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected by a duly called annual meeting or special meeting of such stockholders and may not be effected by written consent of the stockholders.
6
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 3.1 Powers; Number. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. Directors need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware. Subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors shall be fixed exclusively by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board.
Section 3.2 Advance Notice for Nomination of Directors.
(a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation at any meeting of stockholders, except as may be otherwise provided by the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock with respect to the rights of holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock to elect directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board at any annual meeting of stockholders may be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation (A) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote in the election of directors on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 3.2 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (B) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.2.
(b) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholders notice to the Secretary must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 120th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 150th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (or if there has been no prior annual meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the 150th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (A) the close of business on the 120th day before the meeting or (B) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which Public Announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the Public Announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholders notice as described in this Section 3.2.
(c) Notwithstanding anything in Section 3.2(b) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board at an annual meeting is greater than the number of directors whose terms expire on the date of the annual meeting and there is no Public Announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for the additional directors to be elected or specifying the size of the increased Board before the close of business on the 120th day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholders notice required by this Section 3.2 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships created by such increase that are to be filled by election at such annual meeting, if it shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which such Public Announcement was first made by the Corporation.
(d) To be in proper written form, a stockholders notice to the Secretary must:
(i) set forth, as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially or of record by the person, (D) a reasonably detailed description of any compensatory,
7
indemnification, reimbursement, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding that the person has with any other person or entity other than the Corporation including the amount of any payment or payments received or receivable thereunder, in each case in connection with candidacy or service as a director of the Corporation (a Third-Party Compensation Arrangement), and (E) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;
(ii) set forth, as to the stockholder giving the notice (A) the name and record address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporations books and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (C) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including, regardless of the form of settlement, any derivative, long or short positions, profit interests, forwards, futures, swaps, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into by or on behalf of, or any other agreement, arrangement or understanding that has been made, the effect or intent of which is to create or mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner with respect to the Corporations securities, (D) a description of all arrangements or understandings relating to the nomination to be made by such stockholder among such stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names), (E) a representation that such stockholder is a stockholder of record and that such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice, (F) a representation as to whether such stockholder or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends to (1) deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporations outstanding capital stock required to elect each such nominee and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nomination, and (G) any other information relating to such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and
(iii) be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.
(e) A stockholder providing timely notice of a nomination to be made at any annual meeting of stockholders shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to these Bylaws shall be true and correct as of the record date for the annual meeting and as of the date that is 10 business days prior to such annual meeting, and such update and supplement shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the fifth business day after the record date for the annual meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than the close of business on the eighth business day prior to the date of the annual meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of 10 business days prior to the annual meeting).
(f) To be eligible to be a stockholders nominee for election as a director, the proposed nominee must provide to the Secretary of the Corporation in accordance with the applicable time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section 3.2: (i) a completed directors and officers questionnaire (in the form provided by the Secretary of the Corporation at the request of the nominating stockholder) containing information regarding the nominees background and qualifications and such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation or to serve as an independent director of the Corporation, (ii) a written representation that, unless previously disclosed
8
to the Corporation, the nominee is not and will not become a party to any voting agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity as to how such nominee, if elected as a director, will vote on any issue or that could interfere with such persons ability to comply, if elected as a director, with his/her fiduciary duties under applicable law, (iii) a written representation and agreement that, unless previously disclosed to the Corporation in the nominating stockholders notice under this Section 3.2, the nominee is not and will not become a party to any Third-Party Compensation Arrangement and (iv) a written representation that, if elected as a director, such nominee would be in compliance and will continue to comply with the Corporations corporate governance guidelines as disclosed on the Corporations website, as amended from time to time. At the request of the Board, any person nominated by the Board for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation the information that is required to be set forth in a stockholders notice of nomination that pertains to the nominee.
(g) If the Board or the chairman of the annual meeting of stockholders determines that any nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.2, or that the information provided in a stockholders notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 3.2, then such nomination shall not be considered at the annual meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.2, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such nomination may have been received by the Corporation.
(h) In addition to the provisions of this Section 3.2, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 3.2 shall be deemed to affect any rights of the holders of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 3.3 Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors, including for service on a committee of the Board, and may be paid either a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or other compensation as director. The directors may be reimbursed for their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of committees of the Board may be allowed like compensation and reimbursement of expenses for service on the committee.
ARTICLE IV
BOARD MEETINGS
Section 4.1 Annual Meetings. The Board shall meet as soon as practicable after the adjournment of each annual meeting of stockholders at the place of the annual meeting of stockholders unless the Board shall fix another time and place and give notice thereof in the manner required herein for special meetings of the Board. No notice to the directors shall be necessary to legally convene this meeting, except as provided in this Section 4.1.
Section 4.2 Regular Meetings. Regularly scheduled, periodic meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such times, dates and places (within or outside the State of Delaware) as shall from time to time be determined by the Board.
Section 4.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board (a) may be called by the Chairman of the Board or Chief Executive Officer (or, if the Corporation has no Chief Executive Officer, the President) and (b) shall be called by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or Secretary on the written request of at least a majority of directors then in office, or the sole director, as the case may be, and shall be held at such time, date and place (within or outside the State of Delaware) as may be determined by the person calling
9
the meeting or, if called upon the request of directors or the sole director, as specified in such written request. Notice of each special meeting of the Board shall be given, as provided in Section 9.3, to each director (i) at least 24 hours before the meeting if such notice is oral notice given personally or by telephone or written notice given by hand delivery or by means of a form of electronic transmission and delivery; (ii) at least two days before the meeting if such notice is sent by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; and (iii) at least five days before the meeting if such notice is sent through the United States mail. If the Secretary shall fail or refuse to give such notice, then the notice may be given by the officer who called the meeting or the directors who requested the meeting. Any and all business that may be transacted at a regular meeting of the Board may be transacted at a special meeting. Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. A special meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in accordance with Section 9.4.
Section 4.4 Quorum; Required Vote. A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.
Section 4.5 Consent In Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions (or paper reproductions thereof) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
Section 4.6 Organization. The chairman of each meeting of the Board shall be the Chairman of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Executive Officer or if the Chief Executive Officer is not a director, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, a chairman elected from the directors present. The Secretary shall act as secretary of all meetings of the Board. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary shall perform the duties of the Secretary at such meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
ARTICLE V
COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
Section 5.1 Establishment. The Board may by resolution of the Board designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required by the resolution designating such committee. The Board shall have the power at any time to fill vacancies in, to change the membership of, or to dissolve any such committee.
Section 5.2 Available Powers. Any committee established pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, to the extent permitted by applicable law and by resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it.
10
Section 5.3 Alternate Members. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee.
Section 5.4 Procedures. Unless the Board otherwise provides, the time, date, place, if any, and notice of meetings of a committee shall be determined by such committee. If the Board or the committee shall have appointed a chairman of the committee, the chairman of the committee may call a meeting of the committee. At meetings of a committee, a majority of the number of members of the committee (but not including any alternate member, unless such alternate member has replaced any absent or disqualified member at the time of, or in connection with, such meeting) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the committee, except as otherwise specifically provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the Board. If a quorum is not present at a meeting of a committee, the members present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than an announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. Unless the Board otherwise provides and except as provided in these Bylaws, each committee designated by the Board may make, alter, amend and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board is authorized to conduct its business pursuant to Article III and Article IV of these Bylaws.
ARTICLE VI
OFFICERS
Section 6.1 Officers. The officers of the Corporation elected by the Board shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary and such other officers (including without limitation, a Chairman of the Board, Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and a Treasurer) as the Board from time to time may determine. Officers elected by the Board shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the specific provisions of this Article VI. Such officers shall also have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board. The Chief Executive Officer or President may also appoint such other officers (including without limitation one or more Vice Presidents and Controllers) as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation. Such other officers shall have such powers and duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as may be provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board or, if such officer has been appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President, as may be prescribed by the appointing officer.
(a) Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall have general supervision and control of the acquisition activities of the Corporation subject to the ultimate authority of the Board, and shall be responsible for the execution of the policies of the Board with respect to such matters. The powers and duties of the Chairman of the Board shall not include supervision or control of the preparation of the financial statements of the Corporation (other than through participation as a member of the Board). The position of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer may be held by the same person.
(b) Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation, shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Corporation and general control of all of its business subject to the ultimate authority of the Board, and shall be responsible for the execution of the policies of the Board with respect to such matters, except to the extent any such powers and duties have been prescribed to the Chairman of the Board pursuant to Section 6.1(a) above. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The position of Chief Executive Officer and President may be held by the same person.
11
(c) President. The President shall make recommendations to the Chief Executive Officer on all operational matters that would normally be reserved for the final executive responsibility of the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, the President (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The President shall also perform such duties and have such powers as shall be designated by the Board. The position of President and Chief Executive Officer may be held by the same person.
(d) Vice Presidents. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the Board) shall perform the duties and have the powers of the President. Any one or more of the Vice Presidents may be given an additional designation of rank or function.
(e) Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all duties commonly incident to that office (including, without limitation, the care and custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, which from time to time may come into the Chief Financial Officers hands and the deposit of the funds of the Corporation in such banks or trust companies as the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may authorize).
(f) Treasurer. The Treasurer shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Financial Officer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer.
(g) Secretary.
(i) The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders, the Board and (as required) committees of the Board and shall record the proceedings of such meetings in books to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing thereof by his or her signature.
(ii) The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporations transfer agent or registrar, if one has been appointed, a stock ledger, or duplicate stock ledger, showing the names of the stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each and, with respect to certificated shares, the number and date of certificates issued for the same and the number and date of certificates cancelled.
(h) Assistant Secretaries. The Assistant Secretary or, if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, perform the duties and have the powers of the Secretary.
Section 6.2 Term of Office; Removal; Vacancies; Absence or Disability. The elected officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified by the Board or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office. Any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by the Board. Any officer appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President may also be removed, with or without cause, by the Chief Executive Officer or President, unless the Board otherwise provides. Any vacancy occurring in any elected office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board. Any vacancy occurring in any office appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President may be filled by the Chief Executive Officer or President, unless the Board then determines that such office shall thereupon be
12
elected by the Board, in which case the Board shall elect such officer. In the event of the absence or disability of any officer, the Board may designate another officer to act temporarily in place of such absent or disabled officer.
Section 6.3 Other Officers. The Board may delegate the power to appoint such other officers and agents, and may also remove such officers and agents or delegate the power to remove same, as it shall from time to time deem necessary or desirable.
Section 6.4 Multiple Officeholders; Stockholder and Director Officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide. Officers need not be stockholders, directors or residents of the State of Delaware.
ARTICLE VII
SHARES
Section 7.1 Certificated and Uncertificated Shares. The shares of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, subject to the sole discretion of the Board and the requirements of the DGCL.
Section 7.2 Multiple Classes of Stock. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the Corporation shall (a) cause the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights to be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of any certificate that the Corporation issues to represent shares of such class or series of stock or (b) in the case of uncertificated shares, within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares, send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth on certificates as specified in clause (a) above; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided by applicable law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of such certificate or, in the case of uncertificated shares, on such written notice a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences or rights.
Section 7.3 Signatures. Each certificate representing capital stock of the Corporation shall be signed by or in the name of the Corporation by (a) the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and (b) the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar on the date of issue.
Section 7.4 Consideration and Payment for Shares.
(a) Subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation, shares of stock may be issued for such consideration, having in the case of shares with par value a value not less than the par value thereof, and to such persons, as determined from time to time by the Board. The consideration may consist of any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the Corporation including cash, promissory notes, services performed, contracts for services to be performed or other securities, or any combination thereof.
(b) Subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation, shares may not be issued until the full amount of the consideration has been paid, unless upon the face or back of each certificate issued to represent any partly paid shares of capital stock or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of partly paid
13
uncertificated shares, there shall have been set forth the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon up to and including the time said certificate representing certificated shares or said uncertificated shares are issued.
Section 7.5 Lost, Destroyed or Wrongfully Taken Certificates.
(a) If an owner of a certificate representing shares claims that such certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form if the owner: (i) requests such a new certificate before the Corporation has notice that the certificate representing such shares has been acquired by a protected purchaser; (ii) if requested by the Corporation, delivers to the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, destruction or wrongful taking of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares; and (iii) satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the Corporation.
(b) If a certificate representing shares has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the Corporation of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of such loss, apparent destruction or wrongful taking and the Corporation registers a transfer of such shares before receiving notification, the owner shall be precluded from asserting against the Corporation any claim for registering such transfer or a claim to a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form.
Section 7.6 Transfer of Stock.
(a) If a certificate representing shares of the Corporation is presented to the Corporation with an endorsement requesting the registration of transfer of such shares or an instruction is presented to the Corporation requesting the registration of transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation shall register the transfer as requested if:
(i) in the case of certificated shares, the certificate representing such shares has been surrendered;
(ii) (A) with respect to certificated shares, the endorsement is made by the person specified by the certificate as entitled to such shares; (B) with respect to uncertificated shares, an instruction is made by the registered owner of such uncertificated shares; or (C) with respect to certificated shares or uncertificated shares, the endorsement or instruction is made by any other appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;
(iii) the Corporation has received a guarantee of signature of the person signing such endorsement or instruction or such other reasonable assurance that the endorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized as the Corporation may request;
(iv) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the Corporation that is enforceable in accordance with Section 7.8(a); and
(v) such other conditions for such transfer as shall be provided for under applicable law have been satisfied.
(b) Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security and not absolutely, the Corporation shall so record such fact in the entry of transfer if, when the certificate for such shares is presented to the Corporation for transfer or, if such shares are uncertificated, when the instruction for registration of transfer thereof is presented to the Corporation, both the transferor and transferee request the Corporation to do so.
Section 7.7 Registered Stockholders. Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificate representing shares of the Corporation or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of uncertificated
14
shares, the Corporation may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to inspect for any proper purpose the stock ledger and the other books and records of the Corporation, vote such shares, receive dividends or notifications with respect to such shares and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of the owner of such shares, except that a person who is the beneficial owner of such shares (if held in a voting trust or by a nominee on behalf of such person) may, upon providing documentary evidence of beneficial ownership of such shares and satisfying such other conditions as are provided under applicable law, may also so inspect the books and records of the Corporation.
Section 7.8 Effect of the Corporations Restriction on Transfer.
(a) A written restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of the Corporation or on the amount of shares of the Corporation that may be owned by any person or group of persons, if permitted by the DGCL and noted conspicuously on the certificate representing such shares or, in the case of uncertificated shares, contained in a notice, offering circular or prospectus sent by the Corporation to the registered owner of such shares within a reasonable time prior to or after the issuance or transfer of such shares, may be enforced against the holder of such shares or any successor or transferee of the holder including an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of the holder.
(b) A restriction imposed by the Corporation on the transfer or the registration of shares of the Corporation or on the amount of shares of the Corporation that may be owned by any person or group of persons, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without actual knowledge of such restriction unless: (i) the shares are certificated and such restriction is noted conspicuously on the certificate; or (ii) the shares are uncertificated and such restriction was contained in a notice, offering circular or prospectus sent by the Corporation to the registered owner of such shares within a reasonable time prior to or after the issuance or transfer of such shares.
Section 7.9 Regulations. The Board shall have power and authority to make such additional rules and regulations, subject to any applicable requirement of law, as the Board may deem necessary and appropriate with respect to the issue, transfer or registration of transfer of shares of stock or certificates representing shares. The Board may appoint one or more transfer agents or registrars and may require for the validity thereof that certificates representing shares bear the signature of any transfer agent or registrar so appointed.
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 8.1 Right to Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a proceeding), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an Indemnitee), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with such proceeding; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 8.3 with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify an Indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board.
15
Section 8.2 Right to Advancement of Expenses. In addition to the right to indemnification conferred in Section 8.1, an Indemnitee shall also have the right to be paid by the Corporation to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law the expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys fees) incurred in defending or otherwise participating in any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an advancement of expenses); provided, however, that, if the DGCL requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such Indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon the Corporations receipt of an undertaking (hereinafter an undertaking), by or on behalf of such Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VIII or otherwise.
Section 8.3 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit. If a claim under Section 8.1 or Section 8.2 is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim therefor has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (a) any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by an Indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (b) in any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a final adjudication) that, the Indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including a determination by its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the Indemnitee, shall be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article VIII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
Section 8.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights provided to any Indemnitee pursuant to this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other right, which such Indemnitee may have or hereafter acquire under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By Laws, an agreement, a vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
Section 8.5 Insurance. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and/or any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.
Section 8.6 Indemnification of Other Persons. This Article VIII shall not limit the right of the Corporation to the extent and in the manner authorized or permitted by law to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Indemnitees. Without limiting the foregoing, the Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the Corporation and to any other person who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other
16
enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of Indemnitees under this Article VIII.
Section 8.7 Amendments. Any repeal or amendment of this Article VIII by the Board or the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provision of these By Laws inconsistent with this Article VIII, will, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment or change in applicable law permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights to Indemnitees on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision; provided however, that amendments or repeals of this Article VIII shall require the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least 66.7% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation.
Section 8.8 Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article VIII, (a) references to other enterprise shall include any employee benefit plan; (b) references to fines shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; (c) references to serving at the request of the Corporation shall include any service that imposes duties on, or involves services by, a person with respect to any employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and (d) a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner not opposed to the best interest of the Corporation for purposes of Section 145 of the DGCL.
Section 8.9 Contract Rights. The rights provided to Indemnitees pursuant to this Article VIII shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, agent or employee and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitees heirs, executors and administrators.
Section 8.10 Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article VIII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article VIII shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VIII (including, without limitation, each such portion of this Article VIII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
ARTICLE IX
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 9.1 Place of Meetings. If the place of any meeting of stockholders, the Board or committee of the Board for which notice is required under these Bylaws is not designated in the notice of such meeting, such meeting shall be held at the principal business office of the Corporation; provided, however, if the Board has, in its sole discretion, determined that a meeting shall not be held at any place, but instead shall be held by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5 hereof, then such meeting shall not be held at any place.
Section 9.2 Fixing Record Dates.
(a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making
17
such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.2(a) at the adjourned meeting.
(b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.
Section 9.3 Means of Giving Notice.
(a) Notice to Directors. Whenever notice is required to be given to any director under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, such notice shall be given either (i) in writing and sent either by hand delivery or through the United States mail, or by a nationally recognized delivery service for next day delivery, (ii) by means of facsimile telecommunication or other form of electronic transmission, or (iii) by oral notice given personally or by telephone. A notice to a director will be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, orally, or by telephone, when actually received by the director, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the directors address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the directors address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iv) if sent by facsimile telecommunication, when sent to the facsimile transmission number for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, (v) if sent by electronic mail, when sent to the electronic mail address for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, or (vi) if sent by any other form of electronic transmission, when sent to the address, location or number (as applicable) for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation.
(b) Notice to Stockholders. Whenever notice is required to be given to any stockholder under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, such notice may be given (i) in writing and sent either by hand delivery, through the United States mail, or by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service for next day delivery, or (ii) by means of a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder, to the extent permitted by, and subject to the conditions set forth in, Section 232 of the DGCL. A notice to a stockholder shall be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, when actually received by the stockholder, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholders address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholders address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, and (iv) if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given and otherwise meeting the requirements set forth above, (A) if by facsimile transmission, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (B) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (C) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specified posting, upon the later of (1) such posting and (2) the giving of such separate notice, and (D) if by
18
any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. A stockholder may revoke such stockholders consent to receiving notice by means of electronic communication by giving written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (1) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (2) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or to the Corporations transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.
(c) Electronic Transmission. Electronic transmission means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process, including but not limited to transmission by telex, facsimile telecommunication, electronic mail, telegram and cablegram.
(d) Notice to Stockholders Sharing Same Address. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively by the Corporation to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. A stockholder may revoke such stockholders consent by delivering written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send such a single written notice shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice.
(e) Exceptions to Notice Requirements.
(i) Whenever notice is required to be given, under the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
(ii) Whenever notice is required to be given by the Corporation, under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any stockholder to whom (1) notice of two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders and all notices of stockholder meetings or of the taking of action by written consent of stockholders without a meeting to such stockholder during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (2) all, and at least two payments (if sent by first-class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a 12-month period, have been mailed addressed to such stockholder at such stockholders address as shown on the records of the Corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such stockholder shall not be required. Any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to such stockholder shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation a written notice setting forth such stockholders then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such stockholder shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to Section 230(b) of the DGCL. The exception in subsection (1) of the first sentence of this Section 9.3(e)(ii) to the requirement that notice be given shall not be applicable to any notice returned as undeliverable if the notice was given by electronic transmission.
19
Section 9.4 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, a written waiver of such notice, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such required notice. All such waivers shall be kept with the books of the Corporation. Attendance at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a person attends for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.
Section 9.5 Meeting Attendance via Remote Communication Equipment.
(a) Stockholder Meetings. If authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board may adopt, stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication:
(i) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and
(ii) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxy holder, (B) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and, if entitled to vote, to vote on matters submitted to the applicable stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any stockholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such votes or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.
(b) Board Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or any committee thereof by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.
Section 9.6 Dividends. The Board may from time to time declare, and the Corporation may pay, dividends (payable in cash, property or shares of the Corporations capital stock) on the Corporations outstanding shares of capital stock, subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 9.7 Reserves. The Board may set apart out of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve.
Section 9.8 Contracts and Negotiable Instruments. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any contract, bond, deed, lease, mortgage or other instrument may be executed and delivered in the name and on behalf of the Corporation by such officer or officers or other employee or employees of the Corporation as the Board may from time to time authorize. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances as the Board may determine. The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Vice President may execute and deliver any contract, bond, deed, lease, mortgage or other instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation. Subject to any restrictions imposed by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Vice President may delegate powers to execute and deliver any contract, bond, deed, lease, mortgage or other instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation to other officers or employees of the Corporation under such persons supervision and authority, it being understood, however, that any such delegation of power shall not relieve such officer of responsibility with respect to the exercise of such delegated power.
20
Section 9.9 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board.
Section 9.10 Seal. The Board may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in such form as the Board determines. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced.
Section 9.11 Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept within or outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board.
Section 9.12 Resignation. Any director, committee member or officer may resign by giving notice thereof in writing or by electronic transmission to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. The resignation shall take effect at the time it is delivered unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or events. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 9.13 Surety Bonds. Such officers, employees and agents of the Corporation (if any) as the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or the Board may direct, from time to time, shall be bonded for the faithful performance of their duties and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of their death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in their possession or under their control belonging to the Corporation, in such amounts and by such surety companies as the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or the Board may determine. The premiums on such bonds shall be paid by the Corporation and the bonds so furnished shall be in the custody of the Secretary.
Section 9.14 Securities of Other Entities. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents in writing and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President or any officers authorized by the Board. Any such officer, may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation or other entity in which the Corporation may own securities, or to consent in writing, in the name of the Corporation as such holder, to any action by such corporation or other entity, and at any such meeting or with respect to any such consent shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed. The Board may from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
Section 9.15 Amendments. These Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed, in whole or in part, and new bylaws may be adopted, by the Board or by the stockholders as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.
ARTICLE X
BUSINESS COMBINATION LOCK-UP
Section 10.1 Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article X:
(a) Business Combination Agreement shall mean the Business Combination Agreement dated as of August 9, 2021 among the Corporation, Honey Bee Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation (ENVI Merger Sub), and Greenlight Biosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (GLBS).
(b) Change in Control means the Transfer (whether by merger, consolidation, stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization, other business combination or other transaction), in
21
one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons of the Corporations voting securities if, after such Transfer, such person or group of affiliated persons (i) would hold outstanding securities representing a majority of the voting power of the Corporation (or the surviving, resulting or acquiring entity or a parent thereof), (ii) would otherwise have the power to control the board of directors (or its nearest equivalent) of the Corporation (or the surviving, resulting or acquiring entity or a parent thereof) or (iii) would otherwise have the power to direct the operations of the Corporation (or the surviving, resulting or acquiring entity or a parent thereof).
(c) Common Stock shall mean the shares of the Corporations common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
(d) GLBS Merger shall mean the merger of ENVI Merger Sub with and into GLBS pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement.
(e) Lock-up Party shall mean a holder of Lock-up Shares and its Permitted Transferees.
(f) Lock-up Period shall mean the period beginning on the closing date of the GLBS Merger and ending on the date that is the earlier of (i) 180 days after such closing date and (ii) the date that the last sale price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $15.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like occurring after the date of adoption of this Article X) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 120 days after the Effective Time (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), or (y) the date on which the Corporation completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of the Corporations stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property.
(g) Lock-up Shares shall mean (i) the shares of Common Stock issuable as consideration pursuant to the terms of the GLBS Merger under the Business Combination Agreement, (ii) the options issuable by the Corporation pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement in respect of the Rollover Options (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) and (iii) the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion, exchange or other settlement of such options. For avoidance of doubt, Lock-up Shares do not include any shares of Common Stock issuable substantially contemporaneously with the GLBS Merger pursuant to subscription agreements between the Corporation and certain investors or any shares of Common Stock acquired in the public market.
(h) Permitted Transferees means, prior to the expiration of the Lock-up Period, any person or entity to whom a Lock-up Party is permitted to transfer Lock-up Shares pursuant to Section 10.4.
(i) Transfer shall mean to, directly or indirectly (i) sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber, hypothecate or similarly dispose of, either voluntarily or involuntarily, or to enter into any contract, option or other agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or similar disposition of, any interest owned by a person or any interest (including a beneficial interest) in, or the ownership, control or possession of, any interest owned by a person or entity, (ii) establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder with respect to, any such interest, (iii) enter into any swap, short sale, hedge or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any such interest, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of securities, in cash or otherwise, or (iv) make any public announcement of any intention to effect any transaction specified in clause (i), (ii) or (iii).
Section 10.2 Lock-up. Lock-up Shares may not be Transferred until the end of the Lock-up Period (the Lock-up).
22
Section 10.3 Excluded Transfers. The Lock-up shall not apply to the following:
(a) Transfers to the Corporation (including without limitation Transfers to the Corporation to pay the exercise price of any option or warrant or to satisfy any tax withholding obligations in connection with the exercise of any option or warrant or the vesting of any stock-based awards) or in connection with the liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation;
(b) Transfers pursuant to a bona fide third-party merger, consolidation, stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization, other business combination or other transaction or series of related transactions involving a Change in Control of the Corporation; provided, however, that in the event that such merger, consolidation, stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization, other business combination or other transaction is not completed, the Lock-up Shares shall remain subject to the Lock-up;
(c) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act, provided that such plan does not provide for the Transfer of any Lock-up Shares during the Lock-up Period; for the avoidance of doubt, any Lock-up Shares subject to any such plan shall continue to be subject to the Lock-up;
(d) Transfers pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order, court order or in connection with a divorce settlement; or
(e) Transfers to generate proceeds (on an after-tax basis) to pay the exercise price of, and/or satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with, the exercise of options to purchase shares of Common Stock expiring within the Lock-up Period (including a broker-assisted cashless exercise involving a market sale).
Section 10.4 Transfers to Permitted Transferees. Notwithstanding the Lock-up, Lock-up Shares may be Transferred to a Permitted Transferee during the Lock-up Period by a Lock-up Party in the following circumstances (but, for avoidance of doubt, any Lock-up Shares so Transferred shall remain Lock-up Shares):
(a) Transfers as a bona fide gift or charitable contribution;
(b) Transfers to a trust, family limited partnership or other entity formed primarily for estate planning purposes for the primary benefit of the spouse, domestic partner, parent, sibling, child or grandchild of the Lock-up Party or any other person with whom the Lock-up Party has a relationship by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than first cousin and Transfers to any such family member;
(c) Transfers by will or intestate succession upon the death of the Lock-up Party, provided that the appointment of one or more executors, administrators or personal representatives of the estate of a Lock-up Party shall not be deemed a Transfer hereunder to the extent that such executors, administrators and/or personal representatives comply with the terms of the Lock-up on behalf of such estate;
(d) if the Lock-up Party is a corporation, partnership (whether general, limited or otherwise), limited liability company, trust or other business entity (each, an Entity), (i) Transfers to another Entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control or management with the Lock-up Party, or (ii) dividends, distributions or other dispositions to direct or indirect stockholders, partners, limited liability company members or other equity holders of the Lock-up Party, including, for the avoidance of doubt, where the Lock-up Party is a partnership, to its general partner or a successor partnership, fund or investment vehicle, or any other partnerships, funds or investment vehicles controlled or managed by such partnership;
(e) if the holder is a trust, Transfers to a trustor or beneficiary of such trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust;
(f) Transfers to the Corporations officers, directors or their affiliates;
23
(g) Transfers to any other Lock-up Party or direct or indirect stockholders, partners, limited liability company members or other equity holders of a Lock-up Party, any affiliates of any Lock-up Party or any related partnerships, funds or investment vehicles controlled or managed by such persons or Entities;
(h) pledges or postings of Lock-up Shares as security or collateral in connection with any borrowing or the incurrence of any indebtedness by any Lock-up Party; provided, however, that such borrowing or incurrence of indebtedness is secured by a portfolio of assets or equity interests issued by multiple issuers, provided that the Permitted Transferees obligations under the Lock-up with respect to the Lock-up Shares Transferred to such Permitted Transferee need not take effect until the Permitted Transferee takes possession of the Lock-up Shares as a result of a foreclosure, margin call or similar disposition; or
(i) Transfers to a nominee or custodian of a Permitted Transferee under this Section 10.4.
Section 10.5 Miscellaneous Provisions Relating to Transfers.
(a) Prior Notice. A transferring Lock-up Party shall give the Corporation at least three (3) business days prior notice of any proposed Transfer of Lock-up Shares that is permitted by Section 10.3 or Section 10.4.
(b) Null and Void. Any attempt to Transfer any Lock-up Shares that is not in compliance with this Article X shall be null and void ab initio, and the Corporation shall not be obligated to, and may cause any transfer agent not to, give any effect in the Corporations stock records to such attempted Transfer, and the purported transferee in any such purported Transfer shall not be treated as the owner of such Lock-up Shares for any purpose.
Section 10.6 No Adverse Changes. No amendment, alteration, change or repeal of any provision of this Article X that adversely affects the rights or obligations of a Lock-up Party may be enforced against such Lock-up Party with respect to any Lock-up Shares issued before such amendment, alteration, change or repeal, unless the Lock-up Party (or a prior holder of such Lock-up Shares) shall have voted in favor of, or otherwise agreed in writing to, such amendment, alteration, change or repeal.
Section 10.7 Amendment and Waiver. The Board may amend, alter, change or repeal, or waive the application of, any provision of this Article X as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, but any such amendment, alteration, change, repeal or waiver shall (i) not make such restrictions more restrictive or apply for a longer period of time and (ii) require the unanimous approval of the directors present at any duly called meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present.
Section 10.8 Expiration. This Article X shall expire and cease to have any force or effect upon the end of the Lock-up Period, but the expiration hereof shall not relieve any person or Entity of any liability for any violation of this Article X prior to such expiration.
24
Exhibit 16.1
February 7, 2022
Office of the Chief Accountant
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20549
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have read GreenLight Biosciences Holding, PBCs (formerly known as Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp.) statements included under Item 4.01 of its Form 8-K dated February 2, 2022. We agree with the statements concerning our Firm under Item 4.01, in which we were informed of our dismissal on February 7, 2022, following completion of the Companys annual audit for the year ended December 31, 2021, which consists only of the accounts of the pre-Business Combination Special Purpose Acquisition Company. We are not in a position to agree or disagree with other statements contained therein.
Very truly yours, |
/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC |
New York, New York |
Exhibit 21.1
GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC
List of Subsidiaries
Name of Subsidiary* |
Jurisdiction |
|
GreenLight Biosciences Inc. (100%) | Delaware | |
GreenLight Pandemic Response, Inc. (100%) | Delaware | |
GreenLight Security Corporation (100%) | Massachusetts |
* |
Percentage in parentheses indicates GreenLight Bioscience Holdings, PBCs direct or indirect percentage ownership. |
Exhibit 99.1
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of ENVI and GreenLight present the combination of the financial information of ENVI and GreenLight adjusted to give effect to the Business Combination. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, Pro Forma Financial Information.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 combines the historical balance sheet of ENVI and the historical balance sheet of GreenLight on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination had been consummated on September 30, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020 combine the historical statements of operations of ENVI and GreenLight on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination had been consummated on January 1, 2020, the beginning of the earliest period presented.
On February 2, 2022, (the Closing Date) ENVI consummated the previously announced Business Combination with GreenLight and a subsidiary of ENVI pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, dated August 9, 2021, which provides for, among other things, the following transactions:
|
the subsidiary of ENVI merged with and into GreenLight, with GreenLight surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of New GreenLight; |
|
each issued and outstanding share of capital stock of GreenLight converted into a number of shares of New GreenLight Common Stock equal to the product of (x) the conversion ratio applicable to such share, if any, under GreenLights certificate of incorporation, multiplied by (y) 0.6656 (the Exchange Ratio), which is the quotient obtained by dividing (a) 120,000,000, by (b) the number of Fully-Diluted Shares as defined in the Business Combination Agreement; |
|
each GreenLight Option converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of New GreenLight Common Stock in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement; |
|
each GreenLight Warrant, to the extent outstanding and unexercised, converted into a warrant to acquire shares of New GreenLight Common Stock in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement; and |
|
each share of ENVI Class A Common Stock and ENVI Class B Common Stock that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger became one share of New GreenLight Common Stock; |
Other related events that occurred in connection with the Business Combination are summarized below:
|
ENVI issued and sold an aggregate of 12,425,000 shares of ENVI Class A Common Stock for a purchase price of $10.00 per share and aggregate gross proceeds of $124.3 million in the PIPE Financing pursuant to the Subscription Agreements. Proceeds from the 12,425,000 shares are inclusive of $35.25 million that was advanced to GreenLight by the Prepaying PIPE Investors in December 2021 in the form of GreenLight convertible securities. See the section in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled GreenLights Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesAdvancement of a Portion of the Purchase Price of the PIPE Financing beginning on page 284 for more information; |
|
GreenLight Convertible Notes converted into GreenLight Series D Preferred Stock equal to the quotient of (a) the face value of the note plus all accrued but unpaid interest thereon divided by (b) the price of GreenLight Series D Preferred Stock; and concurrently the conversion of the GreenLight Preferred Stock into New GreenLight Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement |
|
Certain GreenLight Warrants that were issued and outstanding prior to the Closing Date were exercised. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and statement of operations include adjustments related to the exercise of all the GreenLight Warrants, and concurrently, the |
conversion of the GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock received on exercise directly into New GreenLight Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement; and |
|
The ENVI Related Party Loan was forgiven. |
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Under this method of accounting, ENVI was treated as the acquired company and GreenLight was treated as the acquirer for financial statement reporting purposes.
GreenLight was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on an evaluation of the following facts that were in place when the closing of the Business Combination became effective:
|
GreenLights existing stockholders have the greater voting interest in New GreenLight with an approximately 85% voting interest as of immediately following the Closing; |
|
by virtue of such voting interest upon the Closing, GreenLights existing stockholders have the ability to control decisions regarding the election and removal of directors and officers of New GreenLight following the Closing; |
|
the New GreenLight Board consists of seven members, of which five were appointed by GreenLight, one was appointed by GreenLight and approved by ENVI and one was appointed by ENVI; |
|
senior management of GreenLight comprised the senior management of New GreenLight; and |
|
operations of GreenLight comprised the ongoing operations of New GreenLight. |
Other factors were considered, but they would not change the preponderance of factors indicating that GreenLight is the accounting acquirer.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been developed from and should be read together with:
|
the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements; |
|
the historical audited financial statements of ENVI as of December 31, 2020 and for the period from July 2, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; |
|
the historical unaudited financial statements of ENVI as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; |
|
the historical audited consolidated financial statements of GreenLight as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; |
|
the historical unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of GreenLight as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; and |
|
other information relating to ENVI and GreenLight which is incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K, including the Business Combination Agreement and the description of certain terms thereof set forth in the section titled The Business Combination Proposal The Business Combination Agreement and the risk factors set forth under the section titled Risk Factors contained in Proxy Statement/Prospectus. |
Assumptions and estimates underlying the unaudited pro forma adjustments set forth in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are described in the accompanying notes. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been presented for illustrative purposes only and are not
necessarily indicative of the operating results and financial position that would have been achieved had the Business Combination occurred on the dates indicated. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not purport to project the future operating results or financial position of New GreenLight following the completion of the Business Combination. The unaudited pro forma adjustments represent managements estimates based on information available as of the date of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and analyses are performed.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements reflect actual redemption of 19,489,626 shares of ENVI Class A Common Stock at $10.00 per share based on the Closing redemption price.
The following summarizes the shares of New GreenLight Common Stock outstanding after consummation of the Business Combination, as presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements as of September 30, 2021:
Shares | % | |||||||
Public shares (a) |
1,210,374 | 1 | % | |||||
Founder shares |
5,175,000 | 4 | % | |||||
GreenLight Equityholders (b)(c) |
103,722,908 | 85 | % | |||||
PIPE Shares |
12,425,000 | 10 | % | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Pro forma common stock outstanding at September 30, 2021 (d) |
122,533,282 | 100 | % | |||||
Potential sources of dilution |
||||||||
Public Warrants |
10,350,000 | 8 | % | |||||
Private Placement Warrants |
1,471,154 | 1 | % | |||||
Insider Warrants |
591,346 | * | ||||||
Rollover options |
17,632,487 | 14 | % |
* |
Certain amounts adjusted for rounding |
(a) |
Amount excludes 12,412,500 warrants to purchase ENVI Class A Common Stock, which is made up of 10,350,000 public warrants, 1,471,154 private placement warrants and 591,346 Insider Warrants. |
(b) |
In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, each outstanding share of capital stock of GreenLight was exchanged for shares of New GreenLight Common Stock, and outstanding GreenLight Options (whether vested or unvested) were exchanged for comparable options to purchase New GreenLight Common Stock. |
(c) |
Amount includes 6,612,259 shares issued upon conversion of the GreenLight Convertible Notes and 677,946 shares underlying GreenLight Warrants that were assumed to be exercised immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger and excludes 17,632,487 shares underlying Rollover Options issued to holders of GreenLight Options, as such GreenLight Options remained unexercised as of the Closing. |
(d) |
Amount excludes 31,750,000 shares (which amount includes shares underlying Rollover Options) and 2,000,000 shares of New GreenLight Common Stock that are available for issuance under the New GreenLight Equity Plan and the New GreenLight ESPP. |
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(in thousands)
As of September 30, 2021 | As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
Environmental
Impact Acquisition Corp.* |
GreenLight
Biosciences, Inc. |
Pro Forma
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
Condensed Combined |
|||||||||||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||||||||||||||
Current Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 158 | $ | 34,754 | $ | 207,009 | (A) | $ | 147,007 | |||||||||||
13 | (F) | |||||||||||||||||||
(24,268 | ) | (I) | ||||||||||||||||||
124,250 | (J) | |||||||||||||||||||
(194,909 | ) | (L) | ||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
698 | 2,781 | | 3,479 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total Current Assets |
856 | 37,535 | 112,095 | 150,486 | ||||||||||||||||
Restricted Cash |
| 167 | 167 | |||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
| 21,744 | 21,744 | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred offering costs |
| 2,590 | (2,590 | ) | (I) | | ||||||||||||||
Security deposits |
| 1,256 | 1,256 | |||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities held in Trust Account |
207,009 | | (207,009 | ) | (A) | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 207,865 | $ | 63,292 | $ | (97,504 | ) | $ | 173,653 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Current liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses |
$ | 3,016 | $ | 9,351 | (2,881 | ) | (I) | $ | 9,486 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable |
| 6,559 | (2,085 | ) | (I) | 4,474 | ||||||||||||||
Convertible debt |
| 17,959 | (17,959 | ) | (E) | | ||||||||||||||
Accrued offering costs |
119 | | (119 | ) | (I) | | ||||||||||||||
Promissory note - related party |
500 | (500 | ) | (D) | | |||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue |
| 1,378 | 1,378 | |||||||||||||||||
Long term debt, current portion |
| 5,844 | 5,844 | |||||||||||||||||
Other current liabilities |
| 585 | (314 | ) | (F) | 271 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total Current Liabilities |
3,635 | 41,676 | (23,858 | ) | 21,453 | |||||||||||||||
Warrant liability |
13,341 | 1,293 | (1,293 | ) | (F) | 12,619 | ||||||||||||||
(722 | ) | (M) | ||||||||||||||||||
Long term debt, net of current portion |
| 15,013 | 15,013 | |||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
| 1,355 | 1,355 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
16,976 | 59,337 | (25,873 | ) | 50,440 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Commitments |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common stock subject to possible redemption |
207,000 | | (207,000 | ) | (B) | | ||||||||||||||
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
| 218,787 | (218,787 | ) | (H) | | ||||||||||||||
Stockholders Equity (Deficit) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value |
| | 2 | (B) | 12 | |||||||||||||||
1 | (C) | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | (E) | |||||||||||||||||||
9 | (H) | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | (J) | |||||||||||||||||||
(2 | ) | (L) | ||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value |
| 3 | (3 | ) | (H) | | ||||||||||||||
Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value |
1 | | (1 | ) | (C) | | ||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
| 4,062 | 206,998 | (B) | 343,164 | |||||||||||||||
500 | (D) | |||||||||||||||||||
17,997 | (E) | |||||||||||||||||||
1,620 | (F) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (G) | |||||||||||||||||||
218,781 | (H) | |||||||||||||||||||
(21,773 | ) | (I) | ||||||||||||||||||
124,249 | (J) | |||||||||||||||||||
(16,112 | ) | (K) | ||||||||||||||||||
(194,907 | ) | (L) | ||||||||||||||||||
722 | (M) | |||||||||||||||||||
1,027 | (N) | |||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated Deficit |
(16,112 | ) | (218,897 | ) | (39 | ) | (E) | (219,963 | ) | |||||||||||
16,112 | (K) | |||||||||||||||||||
(1,027 | ) | (N) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total Stockholders Equity (Deficit) |
(16,111 | ) | (214,832 | ) | 354,156 | 123,213 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
$ | 207,865 | $ | 63,292 | $ | (97,504 | ) | $ | 173,653 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
Certain amounts adjusted for rounding |
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
For the nine months ended
September 30, 2021 |
For the nine months ended
September 30, 2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Environmental
Impact Acquisition Corp. |
GreenLight
Biosciences, Inc. |
Pro Forma
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
Condensed Combined |
|||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Collaboration Revenue |
$ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||
Grant Revenue |
| 1,180 | 1,180 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | | $ | 1,180 | $ | | $ | 1,180 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
| 62,081 | | 62,081 | ||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
4,084 | 13,943 | 1,027 | (DD) | 19,054 | |||||||||||||||
Operating and formation costs |
| | | | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
4,084 | 76,024 | 1,027 | 81,135 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Operating loss: |
$ | (4,084 | ) | $ | (74,844 | ) | $ | (1,027 | ) | $ | (79,955 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Interest income |
9 | 20 | (9 | ) | (AA) | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Loss in initial issuance of Private Placement Warrants |
(1,273 | ) | | 318 | (FF) | (955 | ) | |||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| (1,471 | ) | 687 | (CC) | (784 | ) | |||||||||||||
Change in fair value of warrant liability |
1,840 | (1,343 | ) | 1,343 | (EE) | 1,744 | ||||||||||||||
(96 | ) | (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Loss before benefit for income taxes |
(3,508 | ) | (77,638 | ) | 1,312 | (79,930 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (3,508 | ) | $ | (77,638 | ) | $ | 1,312 | $ | (79,930 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Loss per Share |
||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding |
122,533,282 | |||||||||||||||||||
Loss per share (basic and diluted) attributable to common |
$ | (0.65 | ) |
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
For the period from July 2,
2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 |
For the year ended
December 31, 2020 |
For the year ended
December 31, 2020 |
||||||||||||||||
Environmental Impact
Acquisition Corp. |
GreenLight
Biosciences, Inc. |
Pro Forma
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
Condensed Combined |
|||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||
Collaboration Revenue |
$ | | $ | 962 | $ | 962 | ||||||||||||
Grant Revenue |
| 785 | 785 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | | $ | 1,747 | $ | | $ | 1,747 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
| 42,866 | 42,866 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
| 11,165 | 2,240 | (BB) | 13,405 | |||||||||||||
Operating and formation costs |
3 | | | 3 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
3 | 54,031 | 2,240 | 56,274 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Operating loss: |
$ | (3 | ) | $ | (52,284 | ) | $ | (2,240 | ) | $ | (54,527 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Interest income |
| 83 | | 83 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| (1,028 | ) | 575 | (CC) | (453 | ) | |||||||||||
Change in fair value of warrant liability |
| (22 | ) | 22 | (EE) | | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Loss before benefit for income taxes |
(3 | ) | (53,251 | ) | (1,643 | ) | (54,897 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (3 | ) | $ | (53,251 | ) | $ | (1,643 | ) | $ | (54,897 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Loss per Share |
||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding |
122,533,282 | |||||||||||||||||
Loss per share (basic and diluted) attributable to |
$ | (0.45 | ) |
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements
1. Basis of Presentation
The Business Combination is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, in accordance with GAAP. Under this method of accounting, ENVI is treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of GreenLight issuing stock for the net assets of ENVI, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ENVI are stated at historical cost.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, gives pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had been consummated on September 30, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and the year ended December 31, 2020, give pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had been consummated on January 1, 2020.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, has been prepared using, and should be read together with, the following:
|
ENVIs unaudited condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; and |
|
GreenLights unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K. |
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020, has been prepared using, and should be read together with, the following:
|
ENVIs audited statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; and |
|
GreenLights audited consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K. |
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 has been prepared using, and should be read together with, the following:
|
ENVIs unaudited condensed statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K; and |
|
GreenLights unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and the related notes, which are incorporated by reference into the Form 8-K. |
Management has made significant preliminary estimates and assumptions in its determination of the pro forma adjustments. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on these preliminary estimates, the final amounts recorded may differ materially from the information presented.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies, tax savings or cost savings that may be associated with the Business Combination as ENVI and GreenLight did not reflect any management adjustments under the new Article 11 pro forma rules and regulations. The pro forma adjustments reflecting the consummation of the Business Combination are based on certain currently available information and certain assumptions and methodologies that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The unaudited condensed pro forma
adjustments, which are described in the accompanying notes, may be revised as additional information becomes available and is evaluated. Therefore, it is likely that the actual adjustments will differ from the pro forma adjustments and it is possible that the differences will be material. Management believes that its assumptions and methodologies provide a reasonable basis for presenting all of the significant effects of the Business Combination based on information available to management at the time and that the pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions and are properly applied in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations and financial position would have been had the Business Combination taken place on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of the future results of operations or financial position of the post-combination company. They should be read together with the historical financial statements of ENVI and GreenLight and the related notes.
2. Transaction Accounting Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared to illustrate the effect of the Business Combination and has been prepared for informational purposes only. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. Article 11 requires the presentation of adjustments for the accounting for the transaction and provides management with the option to present the reasonably estimable synergies and other transaction effects that have occurred or are reasonably expected to occur. ENVI has elected not to present any managements adjustments and has only presented transaction accounting adjustments in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. ENVI and GreenLight have not had any historical relationship prior to the Business Combination. Accordingly, no pro forma adjustments were required to eliminate activities between the companies.
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
The adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:
1. |
Represents pro forma adjustments to the condensed combined balance sheet: |
A. |
Reflects the reclassification of $207.0 million of cash and cash equivalents held in the Trust Account at the balance sheet date that becomes available to fund expenses in connection with the business combination. |
B. |
Reflects the reclassification of ENVI Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption to permanent stockholders equity. |
C. |
Reflects the conversion of ENVI Class B Common Stock held by the initial stockholders of ENVI into New GreenLight Common Stock. |
D. |
Reflects the forgiveness of the $0.5 million related party loan with HB Strategies on the Closing Date. |
E. |
Reflects the conversion of the GreenLight Convertible Notes with a historical net carrying value of $18.0 million (including accrued interest of $1.2 million as of September 30, 2021) into 9,934,084 shares of GreenLight Series D Preferred Stock immediately prior to the Closing and the related write-off of $0.04 million of unamortized issuance costs. As all GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock was converted into New GreenLight Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination, this adjustment reflects the conversion of such preferred shares directly into New GreenLight Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement. |
F. |
Reflects the (i) receipt of $0.01 million for the cash exercise of 76,301 liability-classified GreenLight Warrants for 76,301 shares of GreenLight Preferred Stock and (ii) the cashless exercise of 244,349 liability-classified GreenLight Warrants for 20,160 shares of GreenLight Preferred Stock and 192,755 Common Shares. As all GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock was converted into New GreenLight Common Stock in connection with the Merger, this adjustment reflects the conversion of such warrants to purchase GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock directly into New GreenLight Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement. |
G. |
Reflects the cashless exchange of 965,854 equity-classified GreenLight Warrants for 636,186 and 64,128 shares of GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock, respectively. As all GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock was converted into New GreenLight Common Stock in connection with the Merger, this adjustment reflects the conversion of such warrants to purchase GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock directly into New GreenLight Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement. |
H. |
Reflects the conversion of GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock into shares of New GreenLight Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement concurrent with the Closing. |
I. |
Reflects (i) the settlement of estimated transaction costs of $25.0 million anticipated in consummating the Business Combination, of which $24.3 million have not been paid as of September 30, 2021, and (ii) the reclassification of transaction costs of $2.6 million within deferred offering costs, $2.9 million within accrued expenses, $2.1 million within accounts payable and $0.1 million within accrued offering costs. The estimated $25.0 million of transaction costs is inclusive of $5.5 million of transaction costs that have been allocated to ENVI, of which $3.2 million have already been incurred, and of which $2.2 million were expensed upon the consummation of the Business Combination. Transaction costs include legal, financial advisory and other professional fees related to the Business Combination. In connection with the reverse recapitalization treatment, GreenLights transaction costs are recorded as reductions to additional paid-in capital. |
J. |
Reflects gross proceeds from the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 12,425,000 shares of ENVI Class A Common Stock at $10.00 per share from the PIPE Financing pursuant to the Subscription Agreements. |
K. |
Reflects the elimination of ENVIs historical accumulated deficit. |
L. |
Reflects the cash disbursement in which 19,489,626 shares of ENVI Class A Common Stock are redeemed for an aggregate payment of approximately $194.9 million (based on the Closing per share redemption price of approximately $10.00 per share). |
M. |
Reflects the forfeiture of 687,500 Warrants comprised of 528,846 Private Placement Warrants owned by HB strategies and 158,654 Insider Warrants owned by the Sponsor that are forfeited pursuant to the Sponsor Letter Agreement. |
N. |
Represents incremental stock-based compensation expense associated with certain Rollover Options that vest based on both a liquidity and a service condition. The liquidity condition is satisfied upon the occurrence of certain events, including a merger or acquisition or other business combination transaction involving GreenLight and a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company or other similar entity and, as a result, the liquidity condition for certain Rollover Options will be satisfied upon the completion of the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, we expect to recognize approximately $1.0 million of incremental stock-based compensation expense associated with these Rollover Options, based on the number of options outstanding and the requisite service completed at September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, the liquidity events were not deemed probable for expense recognition in the Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations. |
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations
2. |
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are as follows: |
AA. Reflects the elimination of interest income earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account.
BB. Reflects the portion of ENVIs estimated transaction costs not eligible for capitalization of $5.5 million. Of this amount, $3.2 million is already incurred and expensed in the historical statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This is a non-recurring item.
CC. Reflects the elimination of interest expense associated with the GreenLight Convertible Notes, net of the write-off of unamortized issuance costs of $0.04 million, which were converted to GreenLight Series D Preferred Stock. All GreenLight Preferred Stock and GreenLight Common Stock was converted to New GreenLight Common Stock in connection with the Closing of the Business Combination.
DD. Represents incremental stock-based compensation expense associated with certain Rollover Options that vest based on both a liquidity and a service condition. The liquidity condition is satisfied upon the occurrence of certain events, including a merger or acquisition or other business combination transaction involving GreenLight and a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company or other similar entity and, as a result, the liquidity condition for certain Rollover Options will be satisfied upon the completion of the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, we expect to recognize approximately $1.0 million of incremental stock-based compensation expense associated with these Rollover Options, based on the number of options outstanding and the requisite service completed at September 30, 2021 As of September 30, 2021, the liquidity events were not deemed probable for expense recognition in the Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations.
EE. Reflects the elimination of losses related to change in fair value of liability-classified GreenLight Warrants which are settled upon consummation of the Business Combination.
FF. Reflects the elimination of the change in fair value and loss in initial issuance of 687,500 Warrants comprised of 528,846 Private Placement Warrants owned by HB strategies and 158,654 Insider Warrants owned by the Sponsor that are forfeited pursuant to the Sponsor Letter Agreement.
3. Net Loss per Share
Net loss per share represents the net loss per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Business Combination, assuming the shares were outstanding since January 1, 2020. As the Business Combination is being reflected as if it had occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net loss per share assumes that the shares issuable relating to the Business Combination have been outstanding for the entire periods presented.
For the year
ended December 31, 2021 |
For the nine
months ended September 30, 2021 |
|||||||
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||
Pro forma net loss |
$ | (54,897 | ) | $ | (79,930 | ) | ||
Weighted average shares calculation, basic and diluted |
||||||||
Public shares (a) |
1,210,374 | 1,210,374 | ||||||
Founder Shares |
5,175,000 | 5,175,000 | ||||||
GreenLight Equityholders (b)(c) |
103,722,908 | 103,722,908 | ||||||
PIPE Shares |
12,425,000 | 12,425,000 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Weighted average common stock outstanding (d) |
122,533,282 | 122,533,282 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to common stockholders |
$ | (0.45 | ) | $ | (0.65 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
(a) |
Amount excludes 12,412,500 warrants to purchase ENVI Class A Common Stock, which is made up of 10,350,000 public warrants, 1,471,154 private placement warrants and 591,346 Insider Warrants. |
(b) |
In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, each outstanding share of capital stock of GreenLight was exchanged for shares of New GreenLight Common Stock, and outstanding GreenLight Options (whether vested or unvested) were exchanged for comparable options to purchase New GreenLight Common Stock. |
(c) |
Amount includes 6,612,259 shares issued upon conversion of the GreenLight Convertible Notes and 677,946 shares underlying GreenLight Warrants that were assumed to be exercised immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger and excludes 17,632,487 shares underlying Rollover Options issued to holders of GreenLight Options, as such GreenLight Options remained unexercised as of the Closing. |
(d) |
Amount excludes 31,750,000 shares (which amount includes shares underlying Rollover Options) and 2,000,000 shares of New GreenLight Common Stock that are available for issuance under the New GreenLight Equity Plan and the New GreenLight ESPP. |
Exhibit 99.2
BOSTON, February 3, 2022GreenLight Biosciences (GreenLight), a biotechnology company dedicated to making ribonucleic acid (RNA) products affordable and accessible for human health and agriculture, and Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp. (Nasdaq: ENVI) (ENVI), a special purpose acquisition company, yesterday announced the closing of their previously announced business combination.
In connection with the closing, the company changed its name to GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, public-benefit corporation, with shares of Class A common stock and public warrants trading today on Nasdaq under the ticker symbols GRNA and GRNA.WS respectively. The business combination was approved at a special meeting of ENVI stockholders on February 1, 2022.
GreenLight harnesses the power of biology to develop RNA-based solutions for some of humanitys greatest challenges in human health through mRNA vaccines and therapeutics and in food production through RNA crop-protection products. The companys breakthrough cell-free RNA manufacturing platform, which is protected by numerous patents, allows for cost-effective and scalable production of RNA.
Today an exciting new chapter begins as we become a publicly listed company and public-benefit corporation, said CEO Andrey Zarur. We are thrilled to accelerate commercialization by attracting the talent, investing in the tools, and scaling our manufacturing infrastructure to continue developing our platform for design, development, and production of unprecedented new applications for RNA.
In creating ENVI, our goal was to partner and combine with a high-growth, technology-rich business, propelled by a large market opportunity and a business model supporting critical sustainability initiatives, said Dan Coyne, CEO of Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp. GreenLight has an impressive pipeline of RNA products spanning human, animal, and plant health, and its exceptional team understands what it takes to deliver breakthrough technology to market. We are extremely pleased to have completed this transaction, resulting in GreenLight becoming a public company.
SVB Leerink and Credit Suisse served as financial and capital markets advisors to GreenLight and co-placement agents on the PIPE transaction. Foley Hoag LLP served as legal advisor to GreenLight. Canaccord Genuity served as financial advisor and Latham & Watkins LLP served as legal advisor to Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp.
To celebrate the completion of the business combination, GreenLight will ring the closing bell at Nasdaq at 4 p.m. ET on February 8, 2022.
About GreenLight Biosciences
GreenLight Biosciences aims to address some of the worlds biggest problems by delivering on the full potential of RNA for human health and agriculture. Our RNA platform allows us to research, design, and manufacture for human, animal, and plant health. In human health, this includes mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. In agriculture, this includes RNA to protect honeybees and a range of crops. The companys platform is protected by numerous patents. GreenLights human health product candidates are in the pre-clinical stage, and its product candidates for the agriculture market are in the early stages of development or regulatory review. GreenLight is a public benefit corporation that trades under the ticker GRNA on Nasdaq. For more information, visit GreenLights website.
About Environmental Impact Acquisition Corporation
Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp. is a Special Purpose Acquisition Company. The Company is sponsored by CG Investments Inc. VI, an affiliate of Canaccord Genuity, which manages several investment vehicles.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, with respect to the proposed transaction between GreenLight Biosciences, Inc. (GreenLight) and Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp. (ENVI). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words believe, project,
expect, anticipate, estimate, intend, strategy, future, opportunity, plan, may, should, will, would, will be, will continue, will likely result and similar expressions. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, including but not limited to the risk that the transaction may not be completed in a timely manner or at all, which may adversely affect the price of ENVIs securities and the effect of the announcement or pendency of the transaction on GreenLights business relationships, operating results, and business generally. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and ENVI and GreenLight assume no obligation and do not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Media contact:
Thomas Crampton
SVP & Head of Corporate Affairs
GreenLight Biosciences
tcrampton@greenlightbio.com
+44 7826 995794
+1-914-202-2762
Investor contact:
investors@greenlightbio.com
https://investors.greenlightbio.com/