As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 28, 2022

Securities Act Registration No. 333-250205

Investment Company Act Registration No. 811-23621

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-2

Registration Statement

under

   the Securities Act of 1933  
   Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1  
   Post-Effective Amendment No.  

and/or

Registration Statement

Under

   the Investment Company Act of 1940  
   Amendment No. 1  

 

 

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)

 

 

100 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, Delaware 19809

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(800) 882-0052

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

John M. Perlowski, President

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust

55 East 52nd Street

New York, New York 10055

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

Copies to:

Margery K. Neale, Esq.

Elliot J. Gluck, Esq.

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP

787 Seventh Avenue

New York, New York 10019

 

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

 

 

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box ☐

If any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto, check the following box ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box ☐

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) of the Securities Act

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

This [post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration statement].

 

This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:             .

 

This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:             .

 

This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:             .

Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:

 

Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”)).

 

Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act.

 

Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).

 

A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).

 

Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

 

Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934).

 

If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.

 

New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).

 

 

THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATES AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.

 

 

 


The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 28, 2022

 

LOGO

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

[] Shares

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust

Common Shares

$25.00 per share

 

 

Investment Objectives. BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “Trust”) is a newly-organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. The Trust’s investment objectives are to provide current income that is exempt from regular federal income tax (but which may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax in certain circumstances) and to return $25.00 per common share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s investment objectives, including to return $25.00 per common share to the holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037, will be achieved or that the Trust’s investment program will be successful.

Investment Advisor. The Trust’s investment adviser is BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”).

Investment Strategy. Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Trust’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes). The Trust will invest primarily in investment grade quality securities, which are securities rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s Investor’s Service Inc. (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”)) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Municipal securities rated Baa by Moody’s are investment grade, but Moody’s considers municipal securities rated Baa to have speculative characteristics. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity for issuers of municipal securities that are rated BBB or Baa (or that have equivalent ratings) to make principal and interest payments than is the case for issuers of higher grade municipal securities.

The Trust’s common shares of beneficial interest (the “common shares”) are expected to be approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “BMN.”

No Prior History. Because the Trust is newly organized, its common shares have no history of public trading. Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. The risk of loss due to this discount may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period after completion of the public offering.

Investing in the Trust’s common shares involves certain risks, including risks of leverage, that are described in the “Risks” section beginning on page [46] of this prospectus. Certain of these risks are summarized in “Prospectus Summary—Special Risk Considerations” beginning on page [6].

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


     Per Share      Total(1)  

Public Offering Price

   $ 25.00      $ [ ●] 

Sales Load(2)

     None        None  

Proceeds to the Trust(3)

   $ 25.00      $ [ ●] 

(notes on inside front cover)


The underwriters expect to deliver the common shares to purchasers on or about [●], 2022.

 

 

[            ]

 

 

The date of this prospectus is [], 2022.

(notes from previous page)

 

(1)

The Trust has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to [●] additional common shares at the public offering price within [45] days of the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If such option is exercised in full, the public offering price, sales load and proceeds to the Trust will be $[●], $0.00 and $[●], respectively. See “Underwriters.”

 

(2)

The Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, compensation of $[●] per common share to the underwriters in connection with this offering. Separately, the Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, an upfront structuring and syndication fee to [●], an upfront structuring fee to each of [●] and an upfront fee to each of [●]. The Advisor and certain of its affiliates (and not the Trust) expect to pay compensation to certain registered representatives of BlackRock Investments, LLC (an affiliate of the Advisor) that participate in the marketing of the Trust’s common shares. See “Underwriters—Additional Compensation Paid by the Advisor.”

 

(3)

The Advisor has agreed to pay all organizational expenses of the Trust and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Trust is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Advisor.

(continued from previous page)

Investment Strategy (continued). The Trust may invest up to 35% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade quality (rated Ba/BB or below by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” or “high yield securities.” See “Risks—Below Investment Grade Securities Risk.”

After the initial investment period, the Trust intends to actively manage the maturity of its securities, which are expected to have a dollar weighted average effective maturity approximately equal to the Trust’s maturity date of or about September 30, 2037. As a result, over time the maturity of the Trust’s portfolio is expected to shorten in relation to the remaining term. See “Use of Proceeds” and “The Trust’s Investments.”

Leverage. The Trust will use leverage to seek to achieve its investment objectives. The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage. The Trust anticipates initially utilizing leverage for investment purposes by investing in leveraged residual certificates issued by tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts (“TOB Residuals”) in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets (50% of its net assets). In addition, within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to utilize leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. The Trust currently expects that it will utilize leverage for investment purposes, through a combination of investing in TOB Residuals and the issuance of preferred shares, in an amount representing approximately 40% of its Managed Assets (66.67% of its net assets). Under normal market conditions, the Trust’s use of leverage, subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), from any combination of (i) borrowings (including by investing in TOB Residuals) or the issuance of debt securities, (ii) the issuance of preferred shares, and (iii) derivative instruments with embedded leverage for investment purposes, will not exceed 50% of the Trust’s Managed Assets (100% of its net assets) (the “50% Policy”). The Trust’s use of derivative instruments with embedded leverage for hedging purposes will not be subject to the 50% Policy. Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust is permitted to borrow money (including by investing in TOB Residuals) or issue debt securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets (50% of its net assets), issue preferred shares in an amount up to 50% of its Managed Assets (100% of its net assets) and enter into derivative instruments with leverage embedded in them in a limited manner or subject to a limit on leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk, as required by Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act. Although it has no present intention to do so, the Trust reserves the right to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, or issue debt securities in the future if it believes that market conditions would be conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through borrowing money or issuing debt securities. See “Leverage.”


The use of leverage is subject to numerous risks. The Trust’s net asset value (“NAV”), the market price of the Trust’s common shares and the yield to holders of the Trust’s common shares will be more volatile than if leverage was not used. For example, if short-term interest rates continue to rise, they may reach a level at which those rates exceed the return earned on securities purchased with the leverage, which would result in a reduced yield and cause the Trust’s NAV to decline more than if the Trust had not used leverage. A reduction in the Trust’s NAV may cause a reduction in the market price of the Trust’s common shares. The Trust cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the Trust’s common shares. Any leveraging strategy the Trust may employ may not be successful. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.”

Term Trust. The Trust seeks to return $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037 (when the Trust will terminate unless (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to extend the Trust’s termination date or (ii) 80% of the Trust’s Board approves an earlier termination date) by actively managing its portfolio of municipal obligations which will have an average final maturity on or about such date, and by retaining each year a portion of its net investment income, but continue to maintain its status as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s investment objectives, including to return $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037, will be achieved or that the Trust’s investment program will be successful.

****

You should read this prospectus, which concisely sets forth information about the Trust, before deciding whether to invest in the common shares and retain it for future reference. A Statement of Additional Information, dated [●], 2022 containing additional information about the Trust (the “SAI”), has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and, as amended from time to time, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. You may request a free copy of the SAI by calling (800) 882-0052 or by writing to the Trust. You can get the same information for free from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website (http://www.sec.gov). You may also e-mail requests for these documents to publicinfo@sec.gov. The Trust does not post a copy of the SAI on its website because the Trust’s common shares are not continuously offered, which means the SAI will not be updated after the completion of this offering and the information contained in the SAI will become outdated. In addition, you may request copies of the Trust’s semi-annual and annual reports or other information about the Trust or make shareholder inquiries by calling (800) 882-0052. The Trust’s annual and semi-annual reports, when produced, will be available on the Trust’s website (http://www.blackrock.com) free of charge. Information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Trust’s website is not part of this prospectus.

You should not construe the contents of this prospectus as legal, tax or financial advice. You should consult with your own professional advisors as to the legal, tax, financial or other matters relevant to the suitability of an investment in the Trust.

The Trust’s common shares do not represent a deposit or an obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

     1  

SUMMARY OF TRUST EXPENSES

     22  

THE TRUST

     25  

USE OF PROCEEDS

     25  

THE TRUST’S INVESTMENTS

     25  

LEVERAGE

     42  

RISKS

     46  

HOW THE TRUST MANAGES RISK

     68  

MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

     69  

NET ASSET VALUE

     70  

DISTRIBUTIONS

     73  

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

     74  

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

     75  

CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST AND BYLAWS

     76  

CLOSED-END FUND STRUCTURE

     79  

REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES

     79  

TAX MATTERS

     80  

UNDERWRITERS

     81  

CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT

     85  

ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES

     85  

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

     85  

LEGAL OPINIONS

     85  

PRIVACY PRINCIPLES OF THE TRUST

     85  

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The Trust has not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. The Trust is not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus. The Trust’s business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since that date.


PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This is only a summary of certain information contained in this prospectus relating to BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common shares. You should review the more detailed information contained in this prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”).

 

The Trust

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. Throughout this prospectus, we refer to BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust simply as the “Trust” or as “we,” “us” or “our.” See “The Trust.”

 

The Offering

The Trust is offering [●] common shares of beneficial interest at $25.00 per share through a group of underwriters (the “Underwriters”) led by [●]. The common shares of beneficial interest are called “common shares” in the rest of this prospectus. You must purchase at least 100 common shares ($2,500) in order to participate in this offering. The Trust has given the Underwriters an option to purchase up to [●] additional common shares within [45] days of the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any. See “Underwriters.” BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”), the Trust’s investment adviser, has agreed to pay compensation of $[●] per common share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering. The Advisor also has agreed to pay all of the Trust’s organizational expenses and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Trust is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Advisor.

 

Investment Objectives

The Trust’s investment objectives are to provide current income that is exempt from regular federal income tax (but which may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax in certain circumstances) and to return $25.00 per common share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s investment objectives, including to return $25.00 per common share to the holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037, will be achieved or that the Trust’s investment program will be successful.

 

Investment Policies

Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities. The Trust will invest primarily in investment grade quality securities, which are securities rated, at the time of investment, within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s Investor’s Service Inc. (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”)) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Split rated municipal securities (securities that receive different ratings from two or more rating agencies) will be considered to have the higher credit rating. Municipal securities rated Baa by Moody’s are investment grade, but Moody’s considers municipal securities rated Baa to have speculative characteristics. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity for issuers of municipal securities that are rated BBB or Baa (or that have equivalent ratings) to make principal and interest payments than is the case for issuers of higher grade municipal securities.

 

 

The Trust may invest up to 35% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that are rated, at the time of investment, below investment grade quality (rated Ba/BB or below by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Such securities, sometimes

 

1


 

referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, are predominantly speculative with respect to the capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the security and generally involve a greater volatility of price than securities in higher rating categories.

 

 

The Trust may invest 25% or more of its Managed Assets in municipal securities of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in the same economic sector.

 

 

The foregoing credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Trust is not required to dispose of a security if a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell a security that a rating agency has downgraded, the Advisor may consider such factors as the Advisor’s assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of the security, the price at which the security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to the security by other rating agencies. Appendix A to the Trust’s SAI contains a general description of Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s ratings of municipal securities. In the event that the Trust disposes of a portfolio security subsequent to its being downgraded, the Trust may experience a greater risk of loss than if such security had been sold prior to such downgrade.

 

 

The Trust may also invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies, including open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Trust may invest directly and in tax-exempt preferred shares that pay dividends exempt from regular federal income tax. Additionally, the Trust may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide these credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature reduces certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Trust’s income. The insurance feature does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations or the net asset value of the common shares. The Trust may purchase insured municipal securities and may purchase insurance for municipal securities in its portfolio. The Trust seeks to return $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037 (when the Trust will terminate unless (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to extend the Trust’s termination date or (ii) 80% of the Trust’s Board approves an earlier termination date) by actively managing its portfolio of municipal obligations, which will have an average final maturity on or about such date, and by retaining each year a percentage of its net investment income, but continue to maintain its status as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. The purpose of retaining a portion of the net investment income is to enhance the Trust’s ability to return to investors $25.00 per common share outstanding upon the Trust’s termination. Such retained net investment income will generally serve to increase the net asset value of the Trust. However, if the Trust realizes any capital losses on dispositions of securities that are not offset by capital gains on the disposition of other securities, the Trust may return less than $25.00 for each common share outstanding at the end of the Trust’s term. In addition, the leverage used by the Trust may increase the possibility of incurring capital losses and the difficulty of subsequently incurring capital gains to offset such losses. However, the Advisor believes that it will be able to manage the Trust’s assets so that the Trust will not realize capital losses which are not

 

2


 

offset by capital gains over the life of the Trust on the disposition of its other assets and retained net investment income. Although neither the Advisor nor the Trust can guarantee these results, their achievement should enable the Trust, on or about September 30, 2037, to have available for distribution to holders of its common shares $25.00 (or more) for each common share then outstanding. There is no assurance that the Trust will be able to achieve its investment objective of returning $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. For a discussion of risk factors that may affect the Trust in achieving its objectives, see “Risks” below.

 

 

After the initial investment period, the Trust intends to actively manage the maturity of its securities, which are expected to have a dollar weighted average effective maturity approximately equal to the Trust’s maturity date of or about September 30, 2037. As a result, over time the maturity of the Trust’s portfolio is expected to shorten in relation to the remaining term. See “Use of Proceeds” and “The Trust’s Investments.”

 

 

Other Strategies. During temporary defensive periods, including the period during which the net proceeds of this offering are being invested, and in order to keep the Trust’s cash fully invested, the Trust may invest up to 100% of its total assets in liquid, short-term investments, including high quality, short-term securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. The Trust may not achieve its investment objectives under these circumstances. The Trust intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only if suitable tax-exempt short-term investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. If the Trust invests in taxable short-term investments, a portion of your dividends would be subject to regular federal income tax.

 

 

As a result of limitations under the Investment Company Act and SEC staff guidance, the Trust may lend securities with a value of up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including such loans) to financial institutions that provide cash or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government as collateral. In general, the Trust does not anticipate lending portfolio securities in an aggregate amount exceeding 20% of the Trust’s total assets.

 

 

Unless otherwise stated herein or in the SAI, the Trust’s investment policies are non-fundamental policies and may be changed by the Board without prior shareholder approval. The Trust’s investment objectives may be changed by the Board without prior shareholder approval.

 

 

For a discussion of risk factors that may affect the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives, see “Risks.”

 

Term Trust

The Trust seeks to return $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037 (when the Trust will terminate unless (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to extend the Trust’s termination date or (ii) 80% of the Trust’s Board approves an earlier termination date) by actively managing its portfolio of municipal obligations which will have an average final maturity on or about such date, and by retaining each year a portion of its net investment income, but continue to maintain its status as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Trust will be able to achieve its investment objective of returning $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037.

 

3


 

For a discussion of risk factors that may affect the Trust in achieving its objectives, see “Risks.”

 

Special Tax Considerations

While exempt-interest dividends are excluded from gross income for regular federal income tax purposes, they may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax in certain circumstances. Distributions of any capital gain or other taxable income will be taxable to shareholders. The Trust may not be a suitable investment for investors subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to such tax by investing in the Trust. See “Risks” and “Tax Matters.”

 

Leverage

The Trust will use leverage to seek to achieve its investment objectives.

 

 

The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage. The Trust anticipates initially utilizing leverage for investment purposes by investing in TOB Residuals in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets (50% of its net assets). In addition, within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to utilize leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. The Trust currently expects that it will utilize leverage for investment purposes, through a combination of investing in TOB Residuals and the issuance of preferred shares, in an amount representing approximately 40% of its Managed Assets (66.67% of its net assets). Under normal market conditions, the Trust’s use of leverage, subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act, from any combination of (i) borrowings (including by investing in TOB Residuals) or the issuance of debt securities, (ii) the issuance of preferred shares, and (iii) derivative instruments with embedded leverage for investment purposes, will not exceed 50% of the Trust’s Managed Assets (100% of its net assets) (previously defined as the “50% Policy”). The Trust’s use of derivative instruments with embedded leverage for hedging purposes will not be subject to the 50% Policy. Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust is permitted to borrow money (including by investing in TOB Residuals) or issue debt securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets (50% of its net assets), issue preferred shares in an amount up to 50% of its Managed Assets (100% of its net assets) and enter into derivative instruments with leverage embedded in them in a limited manner or subject to a limit on leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk, as required by Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act. Although it has no present intention to do so, the Trust reserves the right to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, or issue debt securities in the future if it believes that market conditions would be conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through borrowing money or issuing debt securities. See “Leverage.”

 

 

As part of its leverage strategy, the Trust may invest in TOB Residuals. The TOB Residuals in which the Trust invests pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer, is exempt from regular federal income tax. The Advisor will not conduct its own analysis of the tax status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by the Trust, but will rely on the opinion of counsel to the issuer. Although volatile, TOB Residuals typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate municipal bonds with comparable credit quality, coupon, call provisions and maturity. The Trust may invest in TOB Residuals for the purpose of using leverage as a more flexible alternative to the issuance of preferred shares. See “Leverage—Tender Option Bond Transactions.”

 

 

The use of leverage is subject to numerous risks. The Trust’s NAV, the market price of the Trust’s common shares and the yield to holders of the Trust’s common shares will be more volatile than if leverage was not used. For example, if short-term interest rates continue to rise, they may reach a level at which those rates exceed the return earned on securities purchased with the leverage, which would result in a reduced yield and cause the Trust’s NAV to decline more than if the Trust had not used leverage. A reduction in the Trust’s

 

4


 

NAV may cause a reduction in the market price of the Trust’s common shares. The Trust cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the Trust’s common shares. In addition, because the Trust’s investment management fee is calculated as a percentage of the Trust’s Managed Assets, which include those assets purchased with leverage, during periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the fee paid to the Advisor will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage. Any leveraging strategy the Trust employs may not be successful. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.”

 

Investment Advisor

BlackRock Advisors, LLC will be the Trust’s investment adviser. The Advisor will receive an annual fee, payable monthly, in an amount equal to 0.55% of the average daily value of the Trust’s Managed Assets. See “Management of the Trust—Investment Advisor.”

 

Distributions

Commencing with the Trust’s initial dividend, the Trust intends to distribute monthly all or a portion of its net investment income to holders of common shares. We expect to declare the initial monthly dividend on the Trust’s common shares approximately 60 to 90 days and paid approximately 90 to 120 days after completion of this offering, depending on market conditions. The Trust expects that any capital gain distributions at least annually.

 

 

Shareholders will automatically have all dividends and distributions reinvested in common shares of the Trust in accordance with the Trust’s dividend reinvestment plan unless an election is made to receive cash by contacting the Reinvestment Plan Agent (as defined herein) at (800) 699-1236. However, some shareholders may buy shares through brokers that do not participate in the Trust’s dividend reinvestment plan.See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

 

 

The Trust currently intends to retain, until the final liquidating distribution, a portion of its net investment income, but continue to maintain its status as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. Such retained income may constitute a portion of the liquidating distribution returned to investors on or about September 30, 2037.

 

 

The Trust reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time and may do so without prior notice to common shareholders. See “Distributions.”

 

Listing

The Trust’s common shares are expected to be approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “BMN.” See “Description of Shares—Common Shares.”

 

Custodian and Transfer Agent

State Street Bank and Trust Company will serve as the Trust’s custodian, and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. will serve as the Trust’s transfer agent.

 

Administrator

State Street Bank and Trust Company will serve as the Trust’s administrator and fund accountant.

 

Market Price of Shares

Common shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at prices lower than their NAV. The Trust cannot assure you that its common shares will trade at a price higher than or equal to NAV. See “Use of Proceeds.” The Trust’s common shares will trade in the open market at market prices that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), NAV, call protection for portfolio securities, portfolio credit quality, liquidity, dividend stability, relative demand for and supply of the common shares in the market, general market

 

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and economic conditions, market sentiment and other factors. See “Leverage,” “Risks,” “Description of Shares” and “Repurchase of Common Shares.” The common shares are designed primarily for long-term investors and you should not purchase common shares of the Trust if you intend to sell them shortly after purchase.

 

Special Risk Considerations

An investment in common shares of the Trust involves risk. You should consider carefully the risks discussed below, which are described in more detail under “Risks” beginning on page [46] of this prospectus.

 

 

No Operating History. The Trust is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. The Trust does not have any historical financial statements or other meaningful operating or financial data on which potential investors may evaluate the Trust and its performance. See “Risks—No Operating History.”

 

 

Limited Term Risk. The Trust will terminate on or about September 30, 2037 in accordance with the terms of its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, unless (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to extend the Trust’s termination date or (ii) 80% of the Trust’s Board approves an earlier termination date. The Trust seeks to return $25.00 per common share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. The Trust’s limited term may cause it to sell securities when it otherwise would not, which could cause the Trust’s returns to decrease and the market price and/or net asset value of the common shares to fall. As the Trust approaches its termination date, the Advisor may need to reinvest the proceeds from sold, matured or called securities into securities with shorter maturity dates and lower yields, or hold the proceeds in cash or cash equivalents, which may adversely affect the performance of the Trust or the Trust’s ability to maintain its dividend.

 

 

Non-Diversified Status. The Trust is a non-diversified fund. As defined in the Investment Company Act, a non-diversified fund may have a significant part of its investments in a smaller number of issuers than can a diversified fund. Having a larger percentage of assets in a smaller number of issuers makes a non-diversified fund, like the Trust, more susceptible to the risk that one single event or occurrence can have a significant adverse impact upon the Trust.

 

 

Investment and Market Discount Risk. An investment in the Trust’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. As with any stock, the price of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If shares are sold, the price received may be more or less than the original investment. Common shares are designed for long-term investors and the Trust should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Trust’s NAV could decrease as a result of its investment activities. At any point in time an investment in the Trust’s common shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Trust. This risk may be greater for investors who sell their common shares in a relatively short period of time after completion of the initial offering. During periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the Trust’s investment, market discount and certain other risks will be magnified.

 

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Fixed-Income Securities Risks. Fixed-income securities in which the Trust may invest are generally subject to the following risks:

 

 

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of bonds and other fixed-income securities changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent period of historically low interest rates. The Federal Reserve has recently begun to raise the federal funds rate as part of its efforts to address rising inflation. There is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise, which will likely drive down prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities. The magnitude of these price reductions in the market price of bonds and other fixed-income securities is generally greater for those securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Trust’s investments will not affect interest income derived from instruments already owned by the Trust, but will be reflected in the Trust’s NAV. The Trust may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply in a manner not anticipated by the Advisor.

 

 

To the extent the Trust invests in debt securities that may be prepaid at the option of the obligor, the sensitivity of such securities to changes in interest rates may increase (to the detriment of the Trust) when interest rates rise. Moreover, because rates on certain floating rate debt securities typically reset only periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the NAV of the Trust to the extent that it invests in floating rate debt securities. These basic principles of bond prices also apply to U.S. Government securities. A security backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price. Just like other fixed-income securities, government-guaranteed securities will fluctuate in value when interest rates change.

 

 

The Trust’s intended use of leverage will tend to increase the Trust’s interest rate risk. The Trust may utilize certain strategies, including taking positions in futures or interest rate swaps, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of fixed-income securities held by the Trust and adjusting the Trust’s exposure to interest rate risk. The Trust is not required to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk and may choose not to do so. In addition, there is no assurance that any attempts by the Trust to reduce interest rate risk will be successful or that any hedges that the Trust may establish will perfectly correlate with movements in interest rates. See “Risks—Fixed-Income Securities Risk—Interest Rate Risk.”

 

 

Issuer Risk. The value of fixed-income securities may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of the assets of the issuer.

 

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that one or more fixed-income securities in the Trust’s portfolio will decline in price or fail to pay interest or principal when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. To

 

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the extent the Trust invests in below investment grade securities, it will be exposed to a greater amount of credit risk than a fund that only invests in investment grade securities. See “Risks—Below Investment Grade Securities Risk.” In addition, to the extent the Trust uses credit derivatives to sell credit protection to its counterparty, such use will expose it to additional risk of the occurrence of a credit event in respect of the bonds underlying the derivatives. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

 

 

Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled. For fixed rate securities, such payments often occur during periods of declining interest rates, forcing the Trust to reinvest in lower yielding securities, resulting in a possible decline in the Trust’s income and distributions to shareholders. This is known as prepayment or “call” risk. Below investment grade securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price (typically greater than par) only if certain prescribed conditions are met (i.e., “call protection”). For premium bonds (bonds acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value) purchased by the Trust, prepayment risk may be enhanced.

 

 

Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Trust’s portfolio will decline if the Trust invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Trust portfolio’s current earnings rate.

 

 

Duration and Maturity Risk. After the initial investment period, the Trust intends to actively manage the maturity of its securities, which are expected to have a dollar weighted average effective maturity approximately equal to the Trust’s maturity date of or about September 30, 2037. However, the Advisor may seek to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity based on its assessment of current and projected market conditions and all other factors that the Advisor deems relevant. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

 

Any decisions as to the targeted duration or maturity of any particular category of investments or of the Trust’s portfolio generally will be made based on all pertinent market factors at any given time and in light of the Trust’s investment objective to return $25.00 per share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. The Trust may incur costs in seeking to adjust the portfolio’s average duration or maturity. There can be no assurance that the Advisor’s assessment of current and projected market conditions will be correct or that any strategy to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity will be successful at any given time. In general, the longer the duration of any fixed-income securities in the Trust’s portfolio, the more exposure the Trust will have to the interest rate risks described above.

 

 

Spread Risk. Credit spread refers to the difference in interest rates between higher quality and lower quality debt securities, with credit spreads tending to be wider for lower quality securities. Wider credit spreads and decreasing market values typically represent a deterioration of a debt security’s credit soundness and a perceived greater likelihood of risk or default by the issuer. In addition, credit spreads in general, or for a particular quality of securities, may widen due to the anticipation of deteriorating economic conditions, with widening tending to be greater for lower grade securities. A widening of spread for a security generally will result in a reduction in the market value of the security.

 

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Municipal Securities Market Risk. Economic exposure to the municipal securities market involves certain risks. The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital. Most municipal securities will not be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available about the municipal securities to which the Trust is economically exposed is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Trust may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Advisor than would be a fund investing solely in stocks or taxable bonds. The secondary market for municipal securities, particularly the below investment grade securities to which the Trust may be economically exposed, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Trust’s ability to sell such securities at attractive prices or at prices approximating those at which the Trust currently values them.

 

 

In addition, many state and municipal governments that issue securities are under significant economic and financial stress and may not be able to satisfy their obligations. This stress may be significantly exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among federal, state and local governments. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit will depend on many factors, including the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control. In addition, laws enacted in the future by Congress or state legislatures or referenda could extend the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or impose other constraints on enforcement of such obligations or on the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of municipal securities could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and such holders may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which they are entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, the Trust may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Trust’s operating expenses. Any income derived from the Trust’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt or may fail to generate qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”).

 

 

Risk Factors and Special Considerations Relating to Municipal Securities. The risks and special considerations involved in investment in municipal securities vary with the types of instruments being acquired. Certain instruments in which the Trust may invest may be characterized as derivative instruments. See “The Trust’s Investments—Description of Municipal Securities” and “The Trust’s Investments—Strategic Transactions—Financial Futures Transactions and Options.”

 

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The value of municipal securities generally may be affected by uncertainties in the municipal markets as a result of legislation or litigation, including legislation or litigation that changes the taxation of municipal securities or the rights of municipal security holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Municipal bankruptcies are rare, and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcies are unclear. Further, the application of state law to municipal security issuers could produce varying results among the states or among municipal security issuers within a state. These uncertainties could have a significant impact on the prices of the municipal securities in which the Trust invests.

 

 

Tax-Exempt Status Risk. In making investments, the Trust and the Advisor will rely on the opinion of issuers’ bond counsel and, in the case of derivative securities, sponsors’ counsel, on the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal obligations and payments under tax-exempt derivative securities. Neither the Trust nor the Advisor will independently review the bases for those tax opinions. If any of those tax opinions are ultimately determined to be incorrect or if events occur after the security is acquired that impact the security’s tax-exempt status, the Trust and its shareholders could be subject to substantial tax liabilities. An assertion by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) that a portfolio security is not exempt from U.S. federal income tax (contrary to indications from the issuer) could affect the Trust’s and its shareholders’ income tax liability for the current or past years and could create liability for information reporting penalties. In addition, an IRS assertion of taxability may cause the Trust to be ineligible to pay exempt-interest dividends or may impair the liquidity and the fair market value of the securities. See “Tax Matters.”

 

 

Taxability Risk. The Trust intends to minimize the payment of taxable income to shareholders by investing in tax-exempt or municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such securities, however, may be determined to pay, or have paid, taxable income subsequent to the Trust’s acquisition of the securities. In that event, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Trust as “exempt interest dividends” could be adversely affected, subjecting the Trust’s shareholders to increased U.S. federal income tax liabilities. In addition, instead of challenging the shareholder treatment of such dividends, the IRS may demand that the Trust pay U.S. federal income taxes on the affected interest income (to reflect taxes that would have been paid by the shareholders if distributions had been reported as ordinary dividends), and, if the Trust agrees to do so, the Trusts yield could be adversely affected. Federal tax legislation may limit the types and volume of bonds the interest on which qualifies for a federal income tax-exemption. As a result, current legislation and legislation that may be enacted in the future may affect the availability of municipal securities for investment by the Trust. In addition, future laws, regulations, rulings or court decisions may cause interest on municipal securities to be subject, directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal income taxation or interest on state municipal securities to be subject to state or local income taxation, or the value of state municipal securities to be subject to state or local intangible personal property tax, or may otherwise prevent the Trust from realizing the full current benefit of the tax-exempt status of such securities. Any such change could also affect the market price of such securities, and thus the value of an investment in the Trust.

 

 

Alternative Minimum Tax and Capital Gain Tax Risk. The Trust expects that a portion of the interest or income it produces will be includable in alternative minimum taxable income. There is no limit on the portion of the

 

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Trust’s assets that may be invested in municipal securities the income from which would be subject to the alternative minimum tax. Exempt interest dividends also are likely to be subject to state and local income taxes. Distributions of any capital gain or other taxable income will be taxable to shareholders. The Trust’s common shares may not be a suitable investment for investors who are subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to such tax by purchasing common shares. The suitability of an investment in common shares will depend upon a comparison of the after-tax yield likely to be provided from the Trust with that from comparable tax-exempt investments not subject to the alternative minimum tax, and from comparable fully taxable investments, in light of each such investor’s tax position.

 

 

Insurance Risk. The Trust may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance or may purchase insurance for municipal securities it owns.Insurance guarantees that interest payments on a municipal security will be made on time and that the principal will be repaid when the security matures. Insurance is expected to protect the Trust against losses caused by a municipal security issuer’s failure to make interest and principal payments. However, insurance does not protect the Trust or its shareholders against losses caused by declines in a municipal security’s value. Also, the Trust cannot be certain that any insurance company will make the payments it guarantees. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the rating of the underlying municipal security will be more relevant and the value of the municipal security would more closely, if not entirely, reflect such rating. The Trust may lose money on its investment if the insurance company does not make payments it guarantees. If a municipal security’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the security could drop.

 

 

Yield and Ratings Risk. The yields on debt obligations are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of the offering, the maturity of the obligation and the ratings of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, which are described in Appendix A to the SAI, represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. Subsequent to its purchase by the Trust, a rated security may cease to be rated. The Advisor will consider such an event in determining whether the Trust should continue to hold the security.

 

 

Below Investment Grade Securities Risk. The Trust may invest up to 35% of its Managed Assets in securities that are rated, at the time of investment, below investment grade quality (rated Ba/BB or below, or judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor), which are commonly referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds and are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due. The value of high yield, lower quality bonds is affected by the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities and by general economic and specific industry conditions. Issuers of high yield bonds are not perceived to be as strong financially as those with higher credit ratings. These issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy

 

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issuers, which may impair their ability to make interest and principal payments. Lower grade securities may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities.

 

 

The secondary market for lower grade securities may be less liquid than that for higher rated securities. Adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Trust to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Trust’s NAV. Because of the substantial risks associated with investments in lower grade securities, you could lose money on your investment in common shares of the Trust, both in the short-term and the long-term. To the extent that the Trust invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives will be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Trust invests in rated securities. See “Risks—Below Investment Grade Securities Risk.”

 

 

Unrated Securities Risk. Because the Trust may purchase securities that are not rated by any rating organization, the Advisor may, after assessing their credit quality, internally assign ratings to certain of those securities in categories similar to those of rating organizations. Some unrated securities may not have an active trading market or may be difficult to value, which means the Trust might have difficulty selling them promptly at an acceptable price. To the extent that the Trust invests in unrated securities, the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives will be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Trust invests in rated securities.

 

 

Zero-Coupon Securities Risk. Zero-coupon securities are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and do not pay interest during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder of a zero-coupon security is entitled to receive the par value of the security.

 

 

The Trust accrues income with respect to these securities for U.S. federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments. Zero-coupon securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals.

 

 

Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the federal tax laws, the Trust is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of other, more liquid portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances or may have to leverage itself by borrowing in order to generate the cash to satisfy these distributions. The required distributions may result in an increase in the Trust’s exposure to zero-coupon securities.

 

 

In addition to the above-described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero-coupon securities. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In

 

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addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, the Trust’s investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in the Trust’s portfolio.

 

 

Variable Rate Demand Obligations Risk. VRDOs are floating rate securities that combine an interest in a long-term municipal bond with a right to demand payment before maturity from a bank or other financial institution. If the bank or financial institution is unable to pay, the Trust may lose money.

 

 

Economic Sector and Geographic Risk. The Trust may invest 25% or more of its Managed Assets in municipal securities of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in the same economic sector. If the Trust does so, this may make it more susceptible to adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting a particular state or economic sector. As concentration increases, so does the potential for fluctuation in the net asset value of the Trust’s common shares. See “Risks—Economic Sector and Geographic Risk.”

 

 

Investment Companies and ETFs Risk. The Trust may invest up to 10% of its total assets in shares of other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) or business development companies (“BDCs”), some of which may be affiliated investment companies. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from their NAV. As an investor in investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, the Trust would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses (to the extent not offset by the Advisor through waivers). As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs (to the extent not offset by the Advisor through waivers).

 

 

The securities of other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, in which the Trust may invest may be leveraged. As a result, the Trust may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities. An investment in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, that use leverage may expose the Trust to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Trust’s long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of the Trust’s common shares) will be diminished.

 

 

The portfolios of ETFs are generally not actively managed and may be affected by a general decline in market segments relating to its index. An ETF typically invests in securities included in, or representative of, its index regardless of their investment merits and does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets.

 

 

Preferred Securities Risk. There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including deferral, subordination, limited voting rights, special redemption rights and risks associated with new types of securities. See “Risks—Preferred Securities Risk.”

 

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. Government debt securities generally involve lower levels of credit risk than other types of fixed-income securities of similar maturities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. Government debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from such other securities. Like other fixed-income securities, the values of U.S. Government securities change as interest rates fluctuate.

 

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Leverage Risk. The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased common share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of common shares.

 

 

The Trust cannot assure you that the intended use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the common shares. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s intended leveraging strategy will be successful.

 

 

Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including:

 

   

the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the common shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage;

 

   

the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Trust must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders;

 

   

the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the common shares;

 

   

when the Trust uses financial leverage, the management fee payable to the Advisor will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage; and

 

   

leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.

 

 

The Trust anticipates initially utilizing leverage for investment purposes by investing in TOB Residuals. See “Risks—Tender Option Bond Risk” for details about the risks associated with the Trust’s use of TOB Residuals.

 

 

Within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to utilize leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. The Trust currently does not intend to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions or issue debt securities, but may in the future borrow funds from banks or other financial institutions or issue debt securities, as described in this prospectus. Certain types of leverage the Trust currently expects to use may result in the Trust being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Trust may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for any debt securities or preferred shares issued by the Trust. The terms of any borrowings or these rating agency guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the Investment Company Act. The Advisor does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Trust’s portfolio in accordance with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.”

 

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The Trust may utilize leverage through investment in derivatives. See “Risks—Principal Risks—Strategic Transactions and Derivatives Risk” for details about the risks associated with the Trust’s use of derivatives. Under Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act, among other things, the Trust must either use derivatives in a limited manner or comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value-at-risk. See “Additional Risk Factors—Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives—Rule 18f-4 Under the Investment Company Act” in the SAI. The use of leverage may cause the Trust to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet the applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder.

 

 

Tender Option Bond Risk. The Trust intends to leverage its assets through the use of TOB Residuals, which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The TOB Residuals in which the Trust may invest pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer of such TOB Residuals, is exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax. No independent investigation will be made to confirm the tax-exempt status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by the Trust. There is no assurance that the Trust’s strategy of using TOB Residuals to leverage its assets will be successful.

 

 

TOB Residuals represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds (a “TOB Trust”). A TOB Trust typically issues two classes of beneficial interests: short-term floating rate interests (“TOB Floaters”), which are sold to third party investors, and TOB Residuals, which are generally issued to the fund(s) that transferred municipal bonds to the TOB Trust. TOB Floaters may have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the TOB Trust and are enhanced with a liquidity support arrangement provided by a third party bank or other financial institution (the “TOBs Liquidity Provider”) which allows holders to tender their position at par (plus accrued interest). The Trust, as a holder of TOB Residuals, is paid the residual cash flow from the TOB Trust after payment of TOB Trust expenses and interest on the TOB Floaters. As result, distributions on TOB Residuals will bear an inverse relationship to short-term municipal bond interest rates. Distributions on the TOB Residuals paid to the Trust will be reduced or, in the extreme, eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal interest rates fall. The amount of such reduction or increase is a function, in part, of the amount of TOB Floaters sold by the TOB Trust relative to the amount of the TOB Residuals that it sells. The greater the amount of TOB Floaters sold relative to the TOB Residuals, the more volatile the distributions on the TOB Residuals will be. Short-term interest rates have been at historic lows in recent years, but have begun to increase and are generally expected to continue to do so in the current market environment.

 

 

The municipal bonds transferred to a TOB Trust typically are high grade municipal bonds. In certain cases, when municipal bonds transferred are lower grade municipal bonds, the TOB Trust transaction includes a credit

 

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enhancement feature that provides for the timely payment of principal and interest on the bonds to the TOB Trust by a credit enhancement provider. The TOB Trust would be responsible for the payment of the credit enhancement fee and the Trust, as a TOB Residual holder, would be responsible for reimbursement of any payments of principal and interest made by the credit enhancement provider.

 

 

Any leverage achieved through the Trust’s investment in TOB Residuals will increase the possibility that common share long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of the TOB Floaters issued by a TOB Trust exceeds the return on the securities in the TOB Trust. If the income and gains earned on municipal securities owned by a TOB Trust that issues TOB Residuals to the Trust are greater than the payments due on the TOB Floaters issued by the TOB Trust, the Trust’s returns will be greater than if it had not invested in the TOB Residuals.

 

 

Although the Trust generally would unwind a TOB transaction rather than try to sell a TOB Residual, if it did try to sell a TOB Residual, its ability to do so would depend on the liquidity of the TOB Residual.

 

 

TOB Residuals have varying degrees of liquidity based, among other things, upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in the TOB Trust. The market price of TOB Residuals is more volatile than the underlying municipal bonds due to leverage.

 

 

The leverage attributable to the Trust’s use of TOB Residuals may be “called away” on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The TOB Trust may be collapsed without the consent of the Trust upon the occurrence of termination events, as defined in the TOB Trust agreements, including if TOB Floaters that are tendered to the TOBs Liquidity Provider cannot be remarketed. Attempts to remarket tendered securities often failed during volatile market conditions in the past. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, a TOB Trust would be liquidated with the proceeds applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee of the TOB Trust, the remarketing agent of the TOB Floaters and the TOBs Liquidity Provider. Upon certain termination events, the holders of the TOB Floaters would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., the Trust) whereas in other termination events, the TOB Floater and TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata. If the proceeds upon liquidation of a TOB Trust, net of payment of fees, are less than the aggregate amount the TOB Residual and TOB Floater holders invested in the TOB Trust, the Trust as a TOB Residual holder will realize a loss on its investment, particularly if the TOB Floater holders are paid before the TOB Residual holders. The risk of such a loss may be greater during volatile market conditions when it may be difficult to sell the bonds held by a TOB Trust.

 

 

The Trust may invest in a TOB Trust on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. If the Trust invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it will typically enter into a reimbursement agreement with the TOBs Liquidity Provider pursuant to which the Trust is required to reimburse the TOBs Liquidity Provider the balance, if any, of the amount owed under the liquidity facility over the liquidation proceeds (the “Liquidation Shortfall”). As a result, if the Trust invests in a recourse TOB Trust, the Trust will bear the risk of loss with respect to any Liquidation Shortfall.

 

 

The Trust structures and “sponsors” the TOB Trusts in which it holds TOB Residuals and has certain duties and responsibilities, which may give rise to certain additional risks including, but not limited to, compliance, securities law and operational risks.

 

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TOB Trusts constitute an important component of the municipal bond market. Any modifications or changes to the rules governing TOB Trusts may adversely impact the municipal market and the Trust, including through reduced demand for and liquidity of municipal bonds and increased financing costs for municipal issuers. The ultimate impact of any potential modifications on the TOB market and the overall municipal market is not yet certain.

 

 

Please see “The Trust’s Investments—Leverage—Tender Option Bond Transactions” for additional information.

 

 

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future, as inflation decreases the value of money. Inflation rates may change frequently and drastically as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy. As inflation increases, the real value of the common shares and distributions on those shares can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, interest rates on any borrowings by the Trust would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to the holders of common shares.

 

 

Risk Associated with Recent Market Events. While interest rates have been historically low in recent years in the United States and abroad, inflation rates have recently risen significantly and the Federal Reserve and other central banks have recently begun raising interest rates to address inflation which, among other factors, has led to markets experiencing high volatility. A significant increase in interest rates may cause a further decline in the market for equity securities and could lead to a recession. Further, regulators have expressed concern that rate increases may contribute to price volatility. The impact of inflation and the recent actions of the Federal Reserve have led to market volatility and may negatively affect the value of debt instruments held by the Trust and result in a negative impact on the Trust’s performance. See “Risks—Inflation Risk.”

 

 

In addition, the current contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events in the United States and abroad, such as presidential elections in the United States or the U.S. government’s inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, has in the past resulted, and may in the future result, in adverse consequences (including a government shutdown) to the U.S. regulatory landscape, the general market environment and/or investment sentiment, which could negatively impact the Trust’s investments and operations. Such adverse consequences may affect investor and/or consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, potentially to a significant degree. In recent years, some countries, including the United States, have adopted and/or are considering the adoption of more protectionist trade policies. A rise in protectionist trade policies, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time. In addition, geopolitical and other risks, including environmental and public health, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Trust invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic, political and/or financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Trust’s investments may be negatively affected by such events.

 

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An outbreak of an infectious coronavirus (COVID-19) that was first detected in December 2019 developed into a global pandemic that has resulted in numerous disruptions in the market and has had significant economic impact leaving general concern and uncertainty. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty.The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect the economies of many nations, individual companies and the market in general ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.

 

 

Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The occurrence of events similar to those in recent years, such as the aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East, new and ongoing epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases and other global health events, natural/environmental disasters, terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, social and political discord, debt crises (such as the Greek crisis), sovereign debt downgrades, increasingly strained relations between the United States and a number of foreign countries, including historical adversaries, such as North Korea, Iran, China and Russia, and the international community generally, new and continued political unrest in various countries, such as Venezuela and Spain, the exit or potential exit of one or more countries from the European Union (the “EU”) or the European Monetary Union (the “EMU”), continued changes in the balance of political power among and within the branches of the U.S. government, among others, may result in market volatility, may have long term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets, and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide.

 

 

Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and resulting future market disruptions, including declines in its stock markets and the value of the ruble against the U.S. dollar, in the region are impossible to predict, but could be significant. Any such disruptions caused by Russian military action or other actions (including cyberattacks and espionage) or resulting actual and threatened responses to such activity, including purchasing and financing restrictions, boycotts or changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, sanctions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Russian government, Russian companies or Russian individuals, including politicians, could have a severe adverse effect on Russia and the European region, including significant negative impacts on the Russian economy, the European economy and the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas, and may likely have collateral impacts on such sectors globally as well as other sectors. How long such military action and related events will last cannot be predicted.

 

 

China and the United States have each imposed tariffs on the other country’s products. These actions may cause a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry, which could have a negative impact on the Trust’s performance. U.S. companies that source material and goods from China and those that make large amounts of sales in China would be particularly vulnerable to an escalation of trade tensions. Uncertainty

 

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regarding the outcome of the trade tensions and the potential for a trade war could cause the U.S. dollar to decline against safe haven currencies, such as the Japanese yen and the euro. Events such as these and their consequences are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

 

 

On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) officially withdrew from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”). The UK and EU reached a preliminary trade agreement, which became effective on January 1, 2021, regarding the terms of their future trading relationship relating principally to the trading of goods; however, negotiations are ongoing for matters not covered by the agreement, such as the trade of financial services. Due to uncertainty of the current political environment, it is not possible to foresee the form or nature of the future trading relationship between the UK and the EU. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the UK and the EU remains unclear and the ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the UK and in wider European markets may continue for some time. In particular, Brexit may lead to a call for similar referendums in other European jurisdictions which may cause increased economic volatility in the European and global markets and may destabilize some or all of the other EU member countries. This uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the economy generally and on the ability of the Trust and its investments to execute their respective strategies, to receive attractive returns and/or to exit certain investments at an advantageous time or price. In particular, currency volatility may mean that the returns of the Trust and its investments are adversely affected by market movements and may make it more difficult, or more expensive, if the Trust elects to execute currency hedges. Potential decline in the value of the British Pound and/or the Euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the UK’s sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of portfolio companies or investments located in the UK or Europe. In light of the above, no definitive assessment can currently be made regarding the impact that Brexit will have on the Trust, its investments or its organization more generally.

 

 

Cybersecurity incidents affecting particular companies or industries may adversely affect the economies of particular countries, regions or parts of the world in which the Trust invests.

 

 

The occurrence of any of these above events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Trust’s portfolio. The Trust does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by similar events and cannot predict the effects of similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. There can be no assurance that similar events and other market disruptions will not have other material and adverse implications. See “Risks—Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk.”

 

 

Regulation and Government Intervention Risk. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the issuers in which the Trust invests in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Trust is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. See “Risks—Regulation and Government Intervention Risk.”

 

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Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may have material adverse effects on the Trust.

 

 

To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to RICs, the Trust must, among other things, derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from certain prescribed sources and distribute for each taxable year at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (generally, ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss). If for any taxable year the Trust does not qualify as a RIC, all of its taxable income for that year (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Trust’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.

 

 

The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Revisions in U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations of these laws could adversely affect the tax consequences of your investment. See “Risks—Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks.”

 

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Advisor and Others. The investment activities of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”), the ultimate parent company of the Advisor, and its affiliates (including BlackRock and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Affiliates”)) in the management of, or their interest in, their own accounts and other accounts they manage, may present conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Trust and its shareholders. BlackRock and its Affiliates provide investment management services to other funds and discretionary managed accounts that may follow investment programs similar to that of the Trust. Subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act, BlackRock and its Affiliates intend to engage in such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for their services. None of BlackRock or its Affiliates are under any obligation to share any investment opportunity, idea or strategy with the Trust. As a result, BlackRock and its Affiliates may compete with the Trust for appropriate investment opportunities. The results of the Trust’s investment activities, therefore, may differ from those of an Affiliate or another account managed by an Affiliate and it is possible that the Trust could sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliates and other accounts achieve profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to address potential conflicts of interest. For additional information about potential conflicts of interest and the way in which BlackRock addresses such conflicts, please see “Conflicts of Interest” and “Management of the Trust—Portfolio Management—Potential Material Conflicts of Interest” in the SAI.

 

 

Cyber Security Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Trust is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures by or breaches of the Advisor and other service

 

20


 

providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents and administrators), and the issuers of securities in which the Trust invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Trust’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Trust has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Trust cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Trust and issuers in which the Trust invests. As a result, the Trust or its shareholders could be negatively impacted.

 

 

Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk. The Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Amended and Restated Bylaws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Trust or convert the Trust to open-end status or to change the composition of the Board. Such provisions could limit the ability of shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Trust. See “Certain Provisions in the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Amended and Restated Bylaws.”

 

 

Additional Risks. For additional risks relating to investments in the Trust, including “Private Activity Bonds,” “LIBOR Risk,” “Strategic Transactions and Derivatives Risk,” “When-Issued, Forward Commitment and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk,” “Repurchase Agreements Risk,” “Restricted and Illiquid Investments Risk,” “Valuation Risk,” “Event Risk,” “Defensive Investing Risk,” “Securities Lending Risk,” “Deflation Risk,” “Regulation as a ‘Commodity Pool,” “Failures of Futures Commission Merchants and Clearing Organizations Risk,” “Decision-Making Authority Risk,” “Management Risk,” “Market and Selection Risk,” “Reliance on the Advisor Risk,” “Reliance on Service Providers Risk,” “Information Technology Systems Risk,” “Misconduct of Employees and of Service Providers Risk” and “Portfolio Turnover Risk,” please see “Risks” beginning on page [46] of this prospectus.

 

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SUMMARY OF TRUST EXPENSES

The following table shows estimated Trust expenses, including leverage costs, as a percentage of net assets attributable to common shares, and not as a percentage of Managed Assets. The purpose of the following table and the example below is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a holder of common shares, would bear directly or indirectly. The expenses shown in the table under “Estimated Annual Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the Trust’s first full year of operations and assume that the Trust issues 10,000,000 common shares (representing an aggregate public offering price of $250,000,000). See “Management of the Trust” and “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.” The following table should not be considered a representation of our future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown and, all other things being equal, will increase as a percentage of net assets attributable to common shares if the Trust issues fewer than 10,000,000 common shares. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “you” or “us” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, shareholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as investors in the Trust.

 

Shareholder Transaction Expenses

  

Sales load paid by you (as a percentage of offering price)(1)

     None  

Offering expenses borne by the Trust (as a percentage of offering price)(2)

     None  

Dividend reinvestment plan fees

   $
 
0.02 per share for open-market
purchases of common shares(3)
 
 

Dividend reinvestment plan sale transaction fee

   $ 2.50(3)  

 

     Percentage
of net
assets
attributable
to common
shares (assuming
the use of
leverage) (4)
 

Estimated Annual Expenses

  

Management fees(5)

     0.92%  

Interest expense(6)

     1.58%  

Other expenses

     0.11%  
  

 

 

 

Total annual expenses

     2.61%  
  

 

 

 

 

(1)

The Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, compensation of $[●] per common share to the Underwriters in connection with this offering. Separately, the Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay, from its own assets, an upfront structuring and syndication fee to [●], an upfront structuring fee to each of [●] and an upfront fee to each of [●]. The Advisor and certain of its affiliates (and not the Trust) expect to pay compensation to certain registered representatives of BlackRock Investments, LLC (an affiliate of the Advisor) that participate in the marketing of the Trust’s common shares.The Trust is not obligated to repay such compensation paid by the Advisor. See “Underwriters–Additional Compensation Paid by the Advisor.”

(2)

The Advisor has agreed to pay all organizational expenses of the Trust and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Trust is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Advisor.

(3)

The Reinvestment Plan Agent’s (as defined below under “Dividend Reinvestment Plan”) fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by the Trust. However, you will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases for the Dividend Reinvestment Plan by the Reinvestment Agent, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. You will also be charged a $2.50 sales fee and pay a $0.15 per share fee if you direct the Reinvestment Plan Agent to sell your common shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.

 

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(4)

Assumes leverage of 66.67% of the Trust’s net assets attributable to common shares (40% of the Trust’s Managed Assets). When the Trust uses leverage, its net assets attributable to common shares are less than its Managed Assets and its expenses stated as a percentage of its net assets attributable to common shares are greater than they would be if stated as a percentage of its Managed Assets. This table reflects that fact that you, as a common shareholder, will bear the expenses of the Trust’s use of leverage in the form of higher fees as a percentage of the Trust’s net assets attributable to common shares, than if the Trust did not use leverage. The Trust expects that it will take up to six months for it to fully implement its intended amount of leverage.

 

  

In order to help you better understand the costs associated with the Trust’s leveraging strategy, and to better understand the range of costs you will bear as a common shareholder as the Trust moves toward full implementation of its leveraging strategy after the completion of this offering, the table presented below estimates what the Trust’s annual expenses would be, stated as percentages of the Trust’s net assets attributable to common shares, assuming the Trust is the same size as in the table above and does not use any leverage. In accordance with these assumptions, the Trust’s expenses would be estimated to be as follows:

 

     Percentage
of net
assets
attributable
to common
shares (assuming
no leverage is
used)
 

Estimated Annual Expenses

  

Management fees(5)

     0.55%  

Other expenses

     0.09%  
  

 

 

 

Total annual expenses

     0.64%  
  

 

 

 

 

(5)

The Trust and the Advisor have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive the management fee with respect to any portion of the Trust’s assets attributable to investments in any equity or fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Advisor or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2024. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fees by the amount of investment advisory fees the Trust pays to the Advisor indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Advisor or its affiliates, through June 30, 2024. Fees waived by the Advisor pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement for the Trust’s first year of operations are expected to amount to less than 0.01% of the Trust’s net assets attributable to common shares. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by the Trust (upon the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”) or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust), upon 90 days’ written notice by the Trust to the Advisor.

(6)

Assumes the use of leverage representing 40% of the Trust’s Managed Assets through a combination of investment in TOB Residuals and issuance of preferred shares and estimated interest expense at an annual rate equal to 2.375%, which is subject to change based on market conditions. The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage. Therefore, the actual amount of interest expense borne by the Trust will vary over time in accordance with the level of the Trust’s use of leverage and variations in market interest rates. The Trust expects that it will take up to six months for it to fully implement its intended amount of leverage.

The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in common shares, assuming (i) total net annual expenses of 2.61% of net assets attributable to common shares, and (ii) a 5% annual return:

 

     1 Year      3 Years      5 Years      10 Years  

Total expenses incurred

   $ 26      $ 81      $ 139      $ 294  

 

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The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses. The example assumes that the estimated “Other expenses” set forth in the Estimated Annual Expenses table are accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Trust’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.

 

24


THE TRUST

The Trust is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act. The Trust was organized as a Maryland statutory trust on November 16, 2020, pursuant to a Certificate of Trust, governed by the laws of the State of Maryland. The Trust has no operating history. The Trust’s principal office is located at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, and its telephone number is (800) 882-0052.

USE OF PROCEEDS

The net proceeds of the offering of common shares will be approximately $[●] ($[●] if the Underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full). The Advisor has agreed to pay all of the Trust’s organizational expenses and all offering costs associated with this offering, which amount to a total of $[●]. The Trust is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Advisor. The Trust will invest the net proceeds of the offering in accordance with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies as stated below. We currently anticipate that we will be able to invest all of the net proceeds in accordance with our investment objectives and policies within approximately three months after the completion of this offering. Pending such investment, it is anticipated that the proceeds will be invested in short-term, tax-exempt or taxable investment grade securities.

THE TRUST’S INVESTMENTS

Investment Objectives and Policies

Investment Objectives. The Trust’s investment objectives are to provide current income that is exempt from federal income tax (but which may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax in certain circumstances) and to return $25.00 per common share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s investment objectives, including to return $25.00 per common share to the holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037, will be achieved or that the Trust’s investment program will be successful. The Trust’s investment objectives may be changed by the Board without prior shareholder approval.

Investment Policies. Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities. The Trust will invest primarily in investment grade quality securities, which are securities that are rated, at the time of investment, within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Split rated municipal securities (securities that receive different ratings from two or more rating agencies) will be considered to have the higher credit rating. Municipal securities rated Baa by Moody’s are investment grade, but Moody’s considers municipal securities rated Baa to have speculative characteristics. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity for issuers of municipal securities that are rated BBB or Baa (or that have equivalent ratings) to make principal and interest payments than is the case for issuers of higher grade municipal securities. In the case of short term notes, the investment grade rating categories are SP-1+ through SP-2 for S&P, MIG-1 through MIG-3 for Moody’s and F-1+ through F-3 for Fitch. In the case of tax-exempt commercial paper, the investment grade rating categories are A-1+ through A-3 for S&P, Prime-1 through Prime-3 for Moody’s and F-1+ through F-3 for Fitch. Obligations ranked in the lowest investment grade rating category (BBB, SP-2 and A-3 for S&P; Baa, MIG-3 and Prime-3 for Moody’s and BBB and F-3 for Fitch), while considered “investment grade,” may have certain speculative characteristics. There may be sub-categories or gradations indicating relative standing within the rating categories set forth above. In assessing the quality of municipal securities with respect to the foregoing requirements, the Advisor takes into account the nature of any letters of credit or similar credit enhancement to which particular municipal securities are entitled and the creditworthiness of the financial institution that provided such credit enhancement.

The Trust may invest up to 35% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that are rated, at the time of investment, below investment grade quality (rated Ba/BB or below by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Such securities, sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, are predominantly speculative with respect to the capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the security and generally involve a greater volatility of price than securities in higher rating categories.

 

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The Trust may invest 25% or more of its Managed Assets in municipal securities of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in the same economic sector.

The foregoing credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Trust is not required to dispose of a security if a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell a security that a rating agency has downgraded, the Advisor may consider such factors as the Advisor’s assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of the security, the price at which the security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to the security by other rating agencies. Appendix A to the Trust’s SAI contains a general description of Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s ratings of municipal securities. In the event that the Trust disposes of a portfolio security subsequent to its being downgraded, the Trust may experience a greater risk of loss than if such security had been sold prior to such downgrade.

The Trust may also invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies, including open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Trust may invest directly and in tax-exempt preferred shares that pay dividends exempt from regular federal income tax. Additionally, the Trust may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide these credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature reduces certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Trust’s income. The insurance feature does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations or the net asset value of the common shares. The Trust may purchase insured municipal securities and may purchase insurance for municipal securities in its portfolio.

The Trust may invest without limit in certain tax-exempt securities classified as “private activity bonds” (or industrial development bonds, under pre-1986 law) (in general, bonds that benefit non-governmental entities) that may subject certain investors in the Trust to the federal alternative minimum tax. See “Tax Matters—Taxation of Shareholders” in the SAI. The percentage of the Trust’s Managed Assets invested in private activity bonds will vary from time to time. The Trust has not established any limit on the percentage of its portfolio that may be invested in municipal securities subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of federal tax law, and the Trust expects that a portion of the income it produces will be includable in alternative minimum taxable income. Common shares therefore would not ordinarily be a suitable investment for investors who are subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to such tax by purchasing common shares. The suitability of an investment in our common shares will depend upon a comparison of the after-tax yield likely to be provided from the Trust with that from comparable tax-exempt investments not subject to the alternative minimum tax, and from comparable fully taxable investments, in light of each such investor’s tax position.

The Trust seeks to return $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037 (when the Trust will terminate unless (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to extend the Trust’s termination date or (ii) 80% of the Trust’s Board approves an earlier termination date) by actively managing its portfolio of municipal obligations, which will have an average final maturity on or about such date, and by retaining each year a percentage of its net investment income, but continue to maintain its status as a RIC for federal income tax purposes. The purpose of retaining a portion of the net investment income is to enhance the Trust’s ability to return to investors $25.00 per common share outstanding upon the Trust’s termination. Such retained net investment income will generally serve to increase the net asset value of the Trust. However, if the Trust realizes any capital losses on dispositions of securities that are not offset by capital gains on the disposition of other securities, the Trust may return less than $25.00 for each common share outstanding at the end of the Trust’s term. In addition, the leverage used by the Trust may increase the possibility of incurring capital losses and the difficulty of subsequently incurring capital gains to offset such losses. However, the Advisor believes that it will be able to manage the Trust’s assets so that the Trust will not realize capital losses which are not offset by capital gains over the life of the Trust on the disposition of its other assets and retained net investment income. Although neither the Advisor nor the Trust can guarantee these results, their achievement should enable the Trust, on or about September 30, 2037, to have available for distribution to holders of its common shares $25.00 (or more) for each common share then outstanding. There is no assurance that the Trust will be able to achieve its investment objective of returning $25.00 per common share to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. For a discussion of risk factors that may affect the Trust in achieving its objectives, see “Risks” below.

 

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After the initial investment period, the Trust intends to actively manage the maturity of its securities, which are expected to have a dollar weighted average effective maturity approximately equal to the Trust’s maturity date of or about September 30, 2037. As a result, over time the maturity of the Trust’s portfolio is expected to shorten in relation to the remaining term.

Federal tax legislation has limited the types and volume of bonds the interest on which qualifies for a federal income tax exemption. As a result, this legislation and legislation that may be enacted in the future may affect the availability of municipal securities for investment by the Trust. The Trust ordinarily does not intend to realize significant investment income not exempt from regular federal income tax. From time to time, the Trust may realize taxable capital gains.

During temporary defensive periods, including the period during which the net proceeds of this offering are being invested, and in order to keep the Trust’s cash fully invested, the Trust may invest up to 100% of its total assets in liquid, short-term investments, including high quality, short-term securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. The Trust may not achieve its investment objectives under these circumstances. The Trust intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only if suitable tax-exempt short-term investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. If the Trust invests in taxable short-term investments, a portion of your dividends would be subject to regular federal income tax.

Description of Municipal Securities

Set forth below is a detailed description of the municipal securities in which the Trust invests. Information with respect to ratings assigned to tax-exempt obligations that the Trust may purchase is set forth in “Appendix A—Ratings of Investments” in the SAI. Obligations are included within the term ”municipal securities” if the interest paid thereon is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer.

Municipal securities include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, refunding of outstanding obligations and obtaining funds for general operating expenses and loans to other public institutions and facilities. In addition, certain types of private activity bonds (“PABs”) are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to finance various privately owned or operated facilities, including among other things, airports, public ports, mass commuting facilities, multi-family housing projects, as well as facilities for water supply, gas, electricity, sewage or solid waste disposal and other specialized facilities. Other types of PABs, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities. The interest on municipal securities may bear a fixed rate or be payable at a variable or floating rate. The two principal classifications of municipal securities are “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” bonds, which latter category includes PABs and, for bonds issued on or before August 15, 1986, industrial development bonds. Municipal securities typically are issued to finance public projects, such as roads or public buildings, to pay general operating expenses or to refinance outstanding debt. Municipal securities may also be issued for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned industrial development and pollution control projects. General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit, or taxing authority, of the issuer and may be repaid from any revenue source. Revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source. Municipal securities may be issued on a long-term basis to provide permanent financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments and mortgage payments. Municipal securities may also be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt.

The municipal securities in which the Trust invests pay interest or income that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is exempt from regular Federal income tax. The Advisor does not conduct its own analysis of the tax status of the interest or income paid by municipal securities held by the Trust, but will rely on the opinion of counsel to the issuer of each such instrument. The Trust may also invest in municipal securities issued by United States Territories (such as Puerto Rico or Guam) that are exempt from regular Federal income tax. In addition to the types of municipal

 

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securities described in this prospectus, the Trust may invest in other securities that pay interest or income that is, or make other distributions that are, exempt from regular Federal income tax and/or state and local personal taxes, regardless of the technical structure of the issuer of the instrument. The Trust treats all of such tax-exempt securities as municipal securities.

The yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including prevailing interest rates and the condition of the general money market and the municipal security market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The market value of municipal securities will vary with changes in interest rate levels and as a result of changing evaluations of the ability of bond issuers to meet interest and principal payments.

The Trust has not established any limit on the percentage of its portfolio that may be invested in PABs. The Trust may not be a suitable investment for investors who are already subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to the federal alternative minimum tax as a result of an investment in the Trust’s common shares.

General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are typically secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the repayment of principal and the payment of interest. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited, however, by provisions of its state constitution or laws, and an entity’s creditworthiness will depend on many factors, including potential erosion of its tax base due to population declines, natural disasters, declines in the state’s industrial base or inability to attract new industries, economic limits on the ability to tax without eroding the tax base, state legislative proposals or voter initiatives to limit ad valorem real property taxes and the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, access to capital markets or other factors beyond the state’s or entity’s control. Accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer’s maintenance of its tax base.

Revenue Bonds. Revenue or special obligation bonds are typically payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue sources such as payments from the user of the facility being financed. Accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue or special obligation bond is a function of the economic viability of such facility or such revenue source. Revenue bonds issued by state or local agencies to finance the development of low-income, multi-family housing involve special risks in addition to those associated with municipal securities generally, including that the underlying properties may not generate sufficient income to pay expenses and interest costs. Such bonds are generally non-recourse against the property owner, may be junior to the rights of others with an interest in the properties, may pay interest that changes based in part on the financial performance of the property, may be prepayable without penalty and may be used to finance the construction of housing developments which, until completed and rented, do not generate income to pay interest. Increases in interest rates payable on senior obligations may make it more difficult for issuers to meet payment obligations on subordinated bonds.

Municipal Notes. Municipal notes are shorter term municipal debt obligations. They may provide interim financing in anticipation of tax collection, bond sales or revenue receipts. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, repayment on the note may be delayed or the note may not be fully repaid, and the Trust may lose money.

Municipal Commercial Paper. Municipal commercial paper is generally unsecured and issued to meet short-term financing needs. The lack of security presents some risk of loss to the Trust since, in the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, unsecured creditors are repaid only after the secured creditors out of the assets, if any, that remain.

Moral Obligation Bonds. Municipal securities may also include “moral obligation” bonds, which are normally issued by special purpose public authorities. If an issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of such bonds becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality in question.

Municipal Lease Obligations. Also included within the general category of municipal securities are certificates of participation (“COPs”) issued by government authorities or entities to finance the acquisition or construction of equipment, land and/or facilities. COPs represent participations in a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract (hereinafter collectively called “lease obligations”) relating to such equipment, land or facilities. Municipal leases, like other municipal debt obligations, are subject to the risk of non-payment. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the issuer for which the issuer’s unlimited taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is frequently backed by the issuer’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the

 

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payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the issuer has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult and the value of the property may be insufficient to pay lease obligations. Certain investments in lease obligations may be illiquid.

Zero-Coupon Bonds. Municipal securities may include zero-coupon bonds. Zero-coupon bonds are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and do not pay interest during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder of a zero-coupon bond is entitled to receive the par value of the security.

While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero-coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero-coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero-coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash.

The Trust accrues income with respect to these securities for U.S. federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments. Zero-coupon bonds may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals.

Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the federal tax laws, the Trust is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of other, more liquid portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances or may have to leverage itself by borrowing in order to generate the cash to satisfy these distributions. The required distributions may result in an increase in the Trust’s exposure to zero-coupon bonds.

In addition to the above-described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero-coupon bonds. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, the Trust’s investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in the Trust’s portfolio.

Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities. The principal of, and interest on, pre-refunded municipal securities are no longer paid from the original revenue source for the securities. Instead, the source of such payments is typically an escrow fund consisting of U.S. Government securities. The assets in the escrow fund are derived from the proceeds of refunding bonds issued by the same issuer as the pre-refunded municipal securities. Issuers of municipal securities use this advance refunding technique to obtain more favorable terms with respect to securities that are not yet subject to call or redemption by the issuer. For example, advance refunding enables an issuer to refinance debt at lower market interest rates, restructure debt to improve cash flow or eliminate restrictive covenants in the indenture or other governing instrument for the pre-refunded municipal securities.

However, except for a change in the revenue source from which principal and interest payments are made, the pre-refunded municipal securities remain outstanding on their original terms until they mature or are redeemed by the issuer.

PABs. The Trust may purchase municipal securities classified as PABs. Interest received on certain PABs is treated as an item of “tax preference” for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax and may impact the overall tax liability of certain investors in the Trust. PABs, formerly referred to as industrial development bonds, are issued by, or on behalf of, states, municipalities or public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of PABs, the proceeds of

 

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which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities, although the federal tax laws may place substantial limitations on the size of such issues. Such bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the entity which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. PABs generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. Therefore, an investor should be aware that repayment of such bonds generally depends on the revenues of a private entity and be aware of the risks that such an investment may entail. The continued ability of an entity to generate sufficient revenues for the payment of principal and interest on such bonds will be affected by many factors including the size of the entity, capital structure, demand for its products or services, competition, general economic conditions, government regulation and the entity’s dependence on revenues for the operation of the particular facility being financed.

The ability of issuers of municipal leases to make timely lease payments may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Trust, and could result in a reduction in the value of the municipal lease experiencing non-payment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Trust. Issuers of municipal lease obligations might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, the Trust could experience delays and limitations with respect to the collection of principal and interest on such municipal leases and the Trust may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in lease payments, the Trust might take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Trust’s operating expenses and adversely affect the NAV of the Trust. When the lease contains a non-appropriation clause, however, the failure to pay would not be a default and the Trust would not have the right to take possession of the assets. Any income derived from the Trust’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt or may fail to generate qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to RICs. In addition, the Trust’s intention to qualify as a RIC under the Code may limit the extent to which the Trust may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets, because as a RIC the Trust is subject to certain limitations on its investments and on the nature of its income.

Special Taxing Districts. Special taxing districts are organized to plan and finance infrastructure developments to induce residential, commercial and industrial growth and redevelopment. The bond financing methods such as tax increment finance, tax assessment, special services district and Mello-Roos bonds (a type of municipal security established by the Mello-Roos Community Facilities Act of 1982), are generally payable solely from taxes or other revenues attributable to the specific projects financed by the bonds without recourse to the credit or taxing power of related or overlapping municipalities. They often are exposed to real estate development-related risks and can have more taxpayer concentration risk than general tax-supported bonds, such as general obligation bonds. Further, the fees, special taxes, or tax allocations and other revenues that are established to secure such financings are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. The bonds could default if development failed to progress as anticipated or if larger taxpayers failed to pay the assessments, fees and taxes as provided in the financing plans of the districts.

When-Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments. The Trust may purchase or sell securities that it is entitled to receive on a when-issued basis. The Trust may also purchase or sell securities on a delayed delivery basis. The Trust may also purchase or sell securities through a forward commitment. These transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by the Trust at an established price with payment and delivery taking place in the future. The purchase will be recorded on the date the Trust enters into the commitment and the value of the securities will thereafter be reflected in the Trust’s NAV. The Trust has not established any limit on the percentage of its assets that may be committed in connection with these transactions.

There can be no assurance that a security purchased on a when-issued basis will be issued or that a security purchased or sold through a forward commitment will be delivered. A default by a counterparty may result in the Trust missing the opportunity of obtaining a price considered to be advantageous. The value of securities in these transactions on the delivery date may be more or less than the Trust’s purchase price. The Trust may bear the risk of a decline in the value of the security in these transactions and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period.

 

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If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, the Trust may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it has been entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Trust on the settlement date. In these cases the Trust may realize a taxable capital gain or loss.

When the Trust engages in when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Trust’s incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous.

The market value of the securities underlying a commitment to purchase securities, and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value, is taken into account when determining the market value of the Trust starting on the day the Trust agrees to purchase the securities. The Trust does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date.

Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act permits the Trust to enter into when-issued or forward-settling securities (e.g., firm and standby commitments, including to-be-announced (“TBA”) commitments, and dollar rolls) and non-standard settlement cycle securities notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, provided that the Trust intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). If a when-issued, forward-settling or non-standard settlement cycle security does not satisfy the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision, then it is treated as a derivatives transaction under Rule 18f-4. See “Additional Risk Factors—Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives—Rule 18f-4 Under the Investment Company Act” in the SAI.

Yields. Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general condition of the money market and of the municipal security market, the size of a particular offering, the financial condition of the issuer, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The ability of the Trust to achieve its investment objective is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of the securities in which the Trust invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. There are variations in the risks involved in holding municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. Furthermore, the rights of owners of municipal securities and the obligations of the issuer of such municipal securities may be subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws and court decisions affecting the rights of creditors generally and to general equitable principles, which may limit the enforcement of certain remedies.

High Yield or Junk Bonds. The Trust may invest up to 35% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that are rated, at the time of investment, below investment grade quality (rated Ba/BB or below by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor. Such securities, sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, are predominantly speculative with respect to the capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the security and generally involve a greater volatility of price than securities in higher rating categories. Below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities involve substantial risk of loss, are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and any required redemption or principal payments and are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments.

Other Investment Companies

The Trust may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies, including open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Trust may invest directly. The Trust generally expects to invest in other investment companies either during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Trust receives the proceeds of the offering of its common shares (or preferred shares, should the Trust determine to issue preferred shares in the future), or during periods when there is a shortage of attractive, high-yielding municipal securities available in the market. As a shareholder in an investment company, the Trust will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses, and will remain subject to payment of the Trust’s advisory and other fees and expenses with respect to assets so invested. Holders of common shares will therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Trust invests in other investment companies. The Advisor will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company relative to available municipal securities investments. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may

 

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also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks to which the Trust is subject. As described in this prospectus in the sections entitled “Risks” and “Leverage,” the net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Trust. In addition, to the extent the Trust invests in other investment companies, the Trust will be dependent upon the investment and research abilities of persons other than the Advisor. The Trust treats its investments in such open- or closed-end investment companies as investments in municipal securities.

Tax-Exempt Preferred Securities

The Trust may also invest up to 10% of its total assets in preferred interests of other investment funds that pay dividends that are exempt from regular federal income tax. A portion of such dividends may be capital gain distributions subject to federal capital gains tax. Such funds, in turn, invest in municipal securities and other assets that generally pay interest or make distributions that are exempt from regular federal income tax, such as revenue bonds issued by state or local agencies to fund the development of low-income, multi-family housing. Investing in such tax-exempt preferred shares involves many of the same issues as investing in other open- or closed-end investment companies as discussed above. These investments also have additional risks, including liquidity risk, the absence of regulation governing investment practices, capital structure and leverage, affiliated transactions and other matters, and concentration of investments in particular issuers or industries. The Trust will treat investments in tax-exempt preferred shares as investments in municipal securities.

Short-Term Debt Securities; Temporary Defensive Positions; Invest-Up or Wind-Down Period

During temporary defensive periods (e.g., times when, in the Advisor’s opinion, temporary imbalances of supply and demand or other temporary dislocations in the tax-exempt securities market adversely affect the price at which long-term or intermediate-term municipal securities are available, or in connection with the termination of the Trust), and in order to keep cash on hand fully invested, including (i) the period during which the net proceeds of this offering of common shares (or preferred shares, which the Trust intends to issue within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares) are being invested or (ii) the period of time preceding the Trust’s termination, the Trust may invest any percentage of its assets in liquid, short-term investments including high quality, short-term securities which may be either tax-exempt or taxable and securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities of the type in which the Trust may invest directly. The Trust intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only in the event that suitable tax-exempt temporary investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. Tax-exempt temporary investments include various obligations issued by state and local governmental issuers, such as tax-exempt notes (bond anticipation notes, tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes or other such municipal securities maturing in three years or less from the date of issuance), municipal commercial paper and variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”). The Trust’s expectation is that it will invest only in taxable temporary investments which are U.S. Government securities or securities rated within the highest grade by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, and which mature within one year from the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest. Taxable temporary investments of the Trust may include certificates of deposit issued by U.S. banks with assets of at least $1 billion, commercial paper or corporate notes, bonds or debentures with a remaining maturity of one year or less, or repurchase agreements. To the extent the Trust invests in taxable investments, the Trust will not at such times be in a position to achieve its investment objective of tax-exempt income.

Strategic Transactions

The Trust may purchase and sell futures contracts, enter into various interest rate transactions and swap contracts (including, but not limited to, credit default swaps) and may purchase and sell exchange-listed and OTC put and call options on securities and swap contracts, financial indices and futures contracts and use other derivative instruments or management techniques (collectively, “Strategic Transactions”). These Strategic Transactions may be used for duration management and other risk management purposes, subject to the Trust’s investment restrictions. While the Trust’s use of Strategic Transactions is intended to reduce the volatility of the NAV of the Trust’s common shares, the NAV of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate. No assurance can be given that the Trust’s Strategic Transactions will be effective.

 

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There is no particular strategy that requires use of one technique rather than another as the decision to use any particular strategy or instrument is a function of market conditions and the composition of the portfolio. The ability of the Trust to use Strategic Transactions successfully will depend on the Advisor’s ability to predict pertinent market movements as well as sufficient correlation among the instruments, which cannot be assured. Strategic Transactions subject the Trust to the risk that, if the Advisor incorrectly forecasts market values, interest rates or other applicable factors, the Trust’s performance could suffer. Certain of these Strategic Transactions, such as investments in inverse floating rate securities and credit default swaps, may provide investment leverage to the Trust’s portfolio. The Trust is not required to use derivatives or other portfolio strategies to seek to hedge its portfolio and may choose not to do so.

The use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Trust to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Trust can realize on an investment or may cause the Trust to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Furthermore, the Trust may only engage in Strategic Transactions from time to time and may not necessarily be engaging in hedging activities when movements in interest rates occur.

The Trust’s investment objectives and the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company may restrict or affect the ability of the Trust to engage in Strategic Transactions. In addition, the use of certain Strategic Transactions may give rise to taxable income and have certain other consequences, such as subjecting a portion of the Trust’s dividends to regular federal income tax. However, under normal circumstances, the Trust does not intend to use Strategic Transactions that give rise to taxable income.

Put and Call Options on Securities and Indices. The Trust may purchase and sell put and call options on securities and indices. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell and the writer the obligation to buy the underlying security at the exercise price during the option period. The Trust may also purchase and sell options on bond indices (“index options”). Index options are similar to options on securities except that, rather than taking or making delivery of securities underlying the option at a specified price upon exercise, an index option gives the holder the right to receive cash upon exercise of the option if the level of the bond index upon which the option is based is greater, in the case of a call, or less, in the case of a put, than the exercise price of the option. The purchase of a put option on a debt security could protect the Trust’s holdings in a security or a number of securities against a substantial decline in the market value. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy and the seller the obligation to sell the underlying security or index at the exercise price during the option period or for a specified period prior to a fixed date. The purchase of a call option on a security could protect the Trust against an increase in the price of a security that it intended to purchase in the future.

Writing Covered Call Options. The Trust is authorized to write (i.e., sell) covered call options with respect to municipal securities it owns, thereby giving the holder of the option the right to buy the underlying security covered by the option from the Trust at the stated exercise price until the option expires. The Trust writes only covered call options, which means that so long as the Trust is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option.

The Trust receives a premium from writing a call option, which increases the Trust’s return on the underlying security in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. By writing a call, the Trust limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option for as long as the Trust’s obligation as a writer continues. Covered call options serve as a partial hedge against a decline in the price of the underlying security. The Trust may engage in closing transactions in order to terminate outstanding options that it has written.

Additional Information About Options. The Trust’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an exchange-listed put or call option is dependent upon the existence of a liquid secondary market on option exchanges. Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) interruption of the normal operations on an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a

 

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particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange that had been listed by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would generally continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms. OTC options are purchased from or sold to dealers, financial institutions or other counterparties which have entered into direct agreements with the Trust. With OTC options, such variables as expiration date, exercise price and premium will be agreed upon between the Trust and the counterparty, without the intermediation of a third party such as the OCC. If the counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the securities underlying an option it has written, or otherwise settle the transaction in accordance with the terms of that option as written, the Trust would lose the premium paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. OTC options and assets used to cover OTC options written by the Trust are considered by the staff of the SEC to be illiquid. The illiquidity of such options or assets may prevent a successful sale of such options or assets, result in a delay of sale, or reduce the amount of proceeds that might otherwise be realized.

The Trust may engage in options and futures transactions on exchanges and options in the over-the-counter markets. The Trust will only enter into OTC options with counterparties the Advisor believes to be creditworthy at the time they enter into such transactions.

The hours of trading for options on debt securities may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets.

Financial Futures Transactions and Options. The Trust is authorized to purchase and sell certain exchange traded financial futures contracts (“financial futures contracts”) in order to hedge its investments against declines in value, and to hedge against increases in the cost of securities it intends to purchase or to seek to enhance the Trust’s return. However, any transactions involving financial futures or options (including puts and calls associated therewith) will be in accordance with the Trust’s investment policies and limitations. A financial futures contract obligates the seller of a contract to deliver and the purchaser of a contract to take delivery of the type of financial instrument covered by the contract, or in the case of index-based futures contracts to make and accept a cash settlement, at a specific future time for a specified price. To hedge its portfolio, the Trust may take an investment position in a futures contract which will move in the opposite direction from the portfolio position being hedged. A sale of financial futures contracts may provide a hedge against a decline in the value of portfolio securities because such depreciation may be offset, in whole or in part, by an increase in the value of the position in the financial futures contracts. A purchase of financial futures contracts may provide a hedge against an increase in the cost of securities intended to be purchased because such appreciation may be offset, in whole or in part, by an increase in the value of the position in the futures contracts.

Distributions, if any, of net long-term capital gains from certain transactions in futures or options are taxable at long-term capital gains rates for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security or, in the case of an index-based futures contract, to make and accept a cash settlement for a set price on a future date. A majority of transactions in futures contracts, however, do not result in the actual delivery of the underlying instrument or cash settlement, but are settled through liquidation, i.e., by entering into an offsetting transaction. Futures contracts have been designed by boards of trade which have been designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC.

The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash or securities acceptable to the broker and the relevant contract market, which varies, but is generally about 5% of the contract amount, must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as “initial margin” and represents a “good faith” deposit assuring the performance of both the purchaser and seller under the futures contract. Subsequent payments to and from the broker, called “variation margin,” are required to be made on a daily basis as the price of the futures contract fluctuates making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” At any time prior to the settlement date of the futures contract, the position may be closed out by taking an opposite position that will operate to terminate the position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or released by the broker and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a nominal commission is paid on each completed sale transaction.

 

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The Trust may also purchase and sell financial futures contracts on U.S. Government securities as a hedge against adverse changes in interest rates as described below. With respect to U.S. Government securities, currently there are financial futures contracts based on long-term U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury notes, Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) Certificates and three-month U.S. Treasury bills. The Trust may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts on U.S. Government securities and purchase and sell municipal security index futures contracts in connection with its hedging strategies.

The Trust also may engage in other futures contracts transactions such as futures contracts on other municipal bond indices that may become available if the Advisor should determine that there is normally a sufficient correlation between the prices of such futures contracts and the municipal securities in which the Trust invests to make such hedging appropriate.

Futures Strategies. The Trust may sell a financial futures contract (i.e., assume a short position) in anticipation of a decline in the value of its investments resulting from an increase in interest rates or otherwise. The risk of decline could be reduced without employing futures as a hedge by selling investments and either reinvesting the proceeds in securities with shorter maturities or by holding assets in cash. This strategy, however, entails increased transaction costs in the form of dealer spreads and typically would reduce the average yield of the Trust’s portfolio securities as a result of the shortening of maturities. The sale of futures contracts provides an alternative means of hedging against declines in the value of its investments. As such values decline, the value of the Trust’s positions in the futures contracts will tend to increase, thus offsetting all or a portion of the depreciation in the market value of the Trust’s investments that are being hedged. While the Trust will incur commission expenses in selling and closing out futures positions, commissions on futures transactions are typically lower than transaction costs incurred in the purchase and sale of the Trust’s investments being hedged. In addition, the ability of the Trust to trade in the standardized contracts available in the futures markets may offer a more effective defensive position than a program to reduce the average maturity of the portfolio securities due to the unique and varied credit and technical characteristics of the instruments available to the Trust. Employing futures as a hedge also may permit the Trust to assume a defensive posture without reducing the yield on its investments beyond any amounts required to engage in futures trading.

When the Trust intends to purchase a security, the Trust may purchase futures contracts as a hedge against any increase in the cost of such security resulting from a decrease in interest rates or otherwise, that may occur before such purchase can be effected. Subject to the degree of correlation between such securities and the futures contracts, subsequent increases in the cost of such securities should be reflected in the value of the futures held by the Trust. As such purchases are made, an equivalent amount of futures contracts will be closed out. Due to changing market conditions and interest rate forecasts, however, a futures position may be terminated without a corresponding purchase of portfolio securities.

Call Options on Futures Contracts. The Trust may also purchase and sell exchange traded call and put options on financial futures contracts. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a call option on an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the underlying securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or underlying securities. Like the purchase of a futures contract, the Trust may purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance when the Trust is not fully invested.

The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities which are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration is below the exercise price, the Trust will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the Trust’s portfolio holdings.

Put Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a protective put option on portfolio securities. The Trust may purchase a put option on a futures contract to hedge the Trust’s portfolio against the risk of rising interest rates.

The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities which are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration is higher than the exercise price, the Trust will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities which the Trust intends to purchase.

 

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The writer of an option on a futures contract is required to deposit initial and variation margin pursuant to requirements similar to those applicable to futures contracts. Premiums received from the writing of an option will be included in initial margin. The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those relating to futures contracts.

The CFTC subjects advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund that is advised by the investment adviser either (i) invests, directly or indirectly, more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or (ii) markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent the Trust uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, the Advisor has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. The Advisor is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of the Trust.

Counterparty Credit Standards. To the extent that the Trust engages in principal transactions, including, but not limited to, OTC options, forward currency transactions, swap transactions, repurchase agreements and the purchase and sale of bonds and other fixed-income securities, it must rely on the creditworthiness of its counterparties under such transactions. In certain instances, the credit risk of a counterparty is increased by the lack of a central clearing house for certain transactions, including certain swap contracts. In the event of the insolvency of a counterparty, the Trust may not be able to recover its assets, in full or at all, during the insolvency process. Counterparties to investments may have no obligation to make markets in such investments and may have the ability to apply essentially discretionary margin and credit requirements. Similarly, the Trust will be subject to the risk of bankruptcy of, or the inability or refusal to perform with respect to such investments by, the counterparties with which it deals. The Advisor will seek to minimize the Trust’s exposure to counterparty risk by entering into such transactions with counterparties the Advisor believes to be creditworthy at the time it enters into the transaction. Certain option transactions and Strategic Transactions may require the Trust to provide collateral to secure its performance obligations under a contract, which would also entail counterparty credit risk.

Securities Lending

The Trust may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by the Advisors, including to borrowers affiliated with the Advisors. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. As a result of limitations under the Investment Company Act and SEC staff guidance, no securities loan will be made on behalf of the Trust if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the Trust exceeds one-third of the value of the Trust’s total assets (including the value of the collateral received). In general, the Trust does not anticipate lending portfolio securities in an aggregate amount exceeding 20% of the Trust’s total assets. The Trust may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The Trust receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.

With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Trust is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Trust is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral received by the Trust for such loans, and uninvested cash, may be invested, among other things, in a private investment company managed by an affiliate of the Advisors or in registered money market funds advised by the Advisors or their affiliates; such investments are subject to investment risk.

The Trust conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Trust and to retain an affiliate of the Trust as lending agent. To the extent that the Trust engages in securities lending, BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BIM”), an affiliate of the Advisors, acts as securities lending agent for the Trust, subject to the overall supervision of the Advisors. BIM administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement, BIM may lend securities only when the difference between the borrower rebate rate and the risk free rate exceeds a certain level.

To the extent that the Trust engages in securities lending, the Trust retains a portion of securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BIM as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment expenses as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As

 

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securities lending agent, BIM bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. The Trust is responsible for expenses in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a private investment company managed by an affiliate of the Advisors (the “collateral investment expenses”); however, BIM has agreed to cap the collateral investment expenses the Trust bears to an annual rate of 0.04% of the daily net assets of such private investment company. In addition, in accordance with the exemptive order, the investment adviser to the private investment company will not charge any advisory fees with respect to shares purchased by the Trust. Such shares also will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.

Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement, the Trust retains 82% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment expenses).

In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex (as defined in the SAI) in a calendar year exceeds the breakpoint dollar threshold applicable in the given year, the Trust, pursuant to the current securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income in an amount equal to 85% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment expenses).

Other Investment Policies

The Trust has adopted certain other policies as set forth below.

Temporary Investments

The Trust may invest in short-term tax-exempt and taxable securities subject to the limitations set forth above. The tax-exempt money market securities may include municipal notes, municipal commercial paper, municipal securities with a remaining maturity of less than one year, variable rate demand notes and participations therein. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes and grant anticipation notes. Anticipation notes are sold as interim financing in anticipation of tax collection, bond sales, government grants or revenue receipts. Municipal commercial paper refers to short-term unsecured promissory notes generally issued to finance short-term credit needs. The taxable money market securities in which the Trust may invest as Temporary Investments consist of U.S. Government securities, U.S. Government agency securities, domestic bank or savings institution certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, short-term corporate debt securities such as commercial paper and repurchase agreements. These Temporary Investments must have a stated maturity not in excess of one year from the date of purchase. The Trust may not invest in any security issued by a commercial bank or a savings institution unless the bank or institution is organized and operating in the United States, has total assets of at least one billion dollars and is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), except that up to 10% of total assets may be invested in certificates of deposit of smaller institutions if such certificates are fully insured by the FDIC.

Short-term taxable fixed-income investments include, without limitation, the following:

(1) U.S. Government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government securities include securities issued by (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, and the Government National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and the Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. Government provides financial support to such U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.

(2) Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Trust may not be fully insured by the FDIC.

 

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(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Trust purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Trust during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Trust to invest temporarily available cash. The Trust may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers’ acceptances in which the Trust may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Trust is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Trust is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Trust could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Advisor monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. The Advisor does so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Trust. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Trust to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Trust and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Trust at any time. The Advisor will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Trust’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.

If the Trust invests in short-term taxable fixed-income investments, a portion of your dividends would be subject to regular federal income tax.

Short-term tax-exempt fixed-income securities are securities that are exempt from regular federal income tax and mature within three years or less from the date of issuance. Short-term tax-exempt fixed-income securities include, without limitation, the following:

(1) Bond Anticipation Notes (“BANs”) are usually general obligations of state and local governmental issuers which are sold to obtain interim financing for projects that will eventually be funded through the sale of long-term debt obligations or bonds. The ability of an issuer to meet its obligations on its BANs is primarily dependent on the issuer’s access to the long-term municipal bond market and the likelihood that the proceeds of such bond sales will be used to pay the principal and interest on the BANs.

(2) Tax Anticipation Notes (“TANs”) are issued by state and local governments to finance the current operations of such governments. Repayment is generally to be derived from specific future tax revenues. TANs are usually general obligations of the issuer. A weakness in an issuer’s capacity to raise taxes due to, among other things, a decline in its tax base or a rise in delinquencies could adversely affect the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations on outstanding TANs.

(3) Revenue Anticipation Notes (“RANs”) are issued by governments or governmental bodies with the expectation that future revenues from a designated source will be used to repay the notes. In general, they also constitute general obligations of the issuer. A decline in the receipt of projected revenues, such as anticipated revenues from another level of government, could adversely affect an issuer’s ability to meet its obligations on outstanding RANs. In addition, the possibility that the revenues would, when received, be used to meet other obligations could affect the ability of the issuer to pay the principal and interest on RANs.

 

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(4) Construction Loan Notes are issued to provide construction financing for specific projects. Frequently, these notes are redeemed with funds obtained from the Federal Housing Administration.

(5) Bank Notes are notes issued by local government bodies and agencies to commercial banks as evidence of borrowings. The purposes for which the notes are issued are varied but they are frequently issued to meet short-term working capital or capital-project needs. These notes may have risks similar to the risks associated with TANs and RANs.

(6) Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (“municipal paper”) represents very short-term unsecured, negotiable promissory notes, issued by states, municipalities and their agencies. Payment of principal and interest on issues of municipal paper may be made from various sources, to the extent the funds are available therefrom. Maturities on municipal paper generally will be shorter than the maturities of TANs, BANs or RANs. There is a limited secondary market for issues of municipal paper.

Certain municipal bonds may carry variable or floating rates of interest whereby the rate of interest is not fixed but varies with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as a bank prime rate or tax-exempt money market indices.

While the various types of notes described above as a group represent the major portion of the tax-exempt note market, other types of notes are available in the marketplace and the Trust may invest in such other types of notes to the extent permitted under its investment objective, policies and limitations. Such notes may be issued for different purposes and may be secured differently from those mentioned above.

Interest Rate Swap Transactions

In order to seek to hedge the value of the Trust against interest rate fluctuations or to seek to increase the Trust’s return, the Trust may enter into interest rate swap transactions such as Municipal Market Data AAA Cash Curve swaps (“MMD Swaps”) or Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index swaps (“SIFMA Swaps”). To the extent that the Trust enters into these transactions, the Trust expects to do so primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Trust anticipates purchasing at a later date. The Trust may enter into these transactions primarily as a hedge or for duration or risk management rather than as a speculative investment. However, the Trust also may invest in MMD Swaps and SIFMA Swaps to seek to enhance return or gain or to increase the Trust’s yield, for example, during periods of steep interest rate yield curves (i.e., wide differences between short-term and long-term interest rates).

The Trust may purchase and sell SIFMA Swaps in the SIFMA swap market. In a SIFMA Swap, the Trust exchanges with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments linked to the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index). Because the underlying index is a tax-exempt index, SIFMA Swaps may reduce cross-market risks incurred by the Trust and increase the Trust’s ability to hedge effectively. SIFMA Swaps are typically quoted for the entire yield curve, beginning with a seven day floating rate index out to 30 years. The duration of a SIFMA Swap is approximately equal to the duration of a fixed-rate municipal security with the same attributes as the swap (e.g., coupon, maturity, call feature).

The Trust may also purchase and sell MMD Swaps, also known as MMD rate locks. An MMD Swap permits the Trust to lock in a specified municipal interest rate for a portion of its portfolio to preserve a return on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities to be purchased at a later date. By using an MMD Swap, the Trust can create a synthetic long or short position, allowing the Trust to select the most attractive part of the yield curve. An MMD Swap is a contract between the Trust and an MMD Swap provider pursuant to which the parties agree to make payments to each other on a notional amount, contingent upon whether the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above or below a specified level on the expiration date of the contract. For example, if the Trust buys an MMD Swap and the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is below the specified level on the expiration date, the counterparty to the contract will make a payment to the Trust equal to the specified level minus the actual level, multiplied by the notional amount of the contract. If the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above the specified level on the expiration date, the Trust will make a payment to the counterparty equal to the actual level minus the specified level, multiplied by the notional amount of the contract.

 

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In connection with investments in SIFMA and MMD Swaps, there is a risk that municipal yields will move in the opposite direction than anticipated by the Trust, which would cause the Trust to make payments to its counterparty in the transaction that could adversely affect the Trust’s performance.

If there is a default by the other party to an uncleared interest rate swap transaction, generally the Trust will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. With respect to interest rate swap transactions cleared through a central clearing counterparty, a clearing organization will be substituted for the counterparty and will guarantee the parties’ performance under the swap agreement. However, there can be no assurances that the clearing organization will satisfy its obligation to the Trust or that the Trust would be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited on its behalf with the clearing organization in the event of the default by the clearing organization or the Trust’s clearing broker. Certain U.S. federal income tax requirements may limit the Trust’s ability to engage in interest rate swaps. Distributions attributable to transactions in interest rate swaps generally will be taxable as ordinary income to shareholders.

Call Rights

The Trust may purchase a municipal security issuer’s right to call all or a portion of such municipal security for mandatory tender for purchase (a “Call Right”). A holder of a Call Right may exercise such right to require a mandatory tender for the purchase of related municipal securities, subject to certain conditions. A Call Right that is not exercised prior to maturity of the related municipal security will expire without value. The economic effect of holding both the Call Right and the related municipal security is identical to holding a municipal security as a non-callable security. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid.

Credit Default Swap Agreements

The Trust may enter into credit default swap agreements for hedging purposes or to seek to increase its return. The credit default swap agreement may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by the Trust. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract may be obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract, provided that no credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount (the difference between the market value of the reference obligation and its par value), if the swap is cash settled. The Trust may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Trust is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Trust may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, the Trust generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap, which typically is between six (6) months and three years, provided that there is no credit event. If a credit event occurs, generally the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As the seller, the Trust would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Trust would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

Credit default swap agreements involve greater risks than if the Trust had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. The Trust will enter into credit default swap agreements only with counterparties the Advisor believes to be creditworthy at the time they enter into such transactions. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. The Trust’s obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Trust).

 

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VRDOs and Participating VRDOs

VRDOs are tax-exempt obligations that contain a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula and right of demand on the part of the holder thereof to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest upon a short notice period not to exceed seven (7) days. There is, however, the possibility that because of default or insolvency the demand feature of VRDOs and Participating VRDOs may not be honored. The interest rates are adjustable at intervals (ranging from daily to up to one year) to some prevailing market rate for similar investments, such adjustment formula being calculated to maintain the market value of the VRDOs, at approximately the par value of the VRDOs on the adjustment date. The adjustments typically are based upon the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index or some other appropriate interest rate adjustment index. The Trust may invest in all types of tax-exempt instruments currently outstanding or to be issued in the future which satisfy its short-term maturity and quality standards.

Participating VRDOs provide the Trust with a specified undivided interest (up to 100%) of the underlying obligation and the right to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest on the Participating VRDOs from the financial institution upon a specified number of days’ notice, not to exceed seven (7) days. In addition, the Participating VRDO is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guaranty of the financial institution. The Trust would have an undivided interest in the underlying obligation and thus participate on the same basis as the financial institution in such obligation except that the financial institution typically retains fees out of the interest paid on the obligation for servicing the obligation, providing the letter of credit and issuing the repurchase commitment. The Trust has been advised by its counsel that the Trust should be entitled to treat the income received on Participating VRDOs as interest from tax-exempt obligations as long as the Trust does not invest more than 20% of its total assets in such investments and certain other conditions are met. It is contemplated that the Trust will not invest more than 20% of its assets in Participating VRDOs.

The Temporary Investments, VRDOs and Participating VRDOs in which the Trust may invest will be in the following rating categories at the time of purchase: MIG-1/VMIG-1 through MIG-3/VMIG-3 for notes and VRDOs and Prime-1 through Prime-3 for commercial paper (as determined by Moody’s), SP-1 through SP-2 for notes and A-1 through A-3 for VRDOs and commercial paper (as determined by S&P), or F1 through F3 for notes, VRDOs and commercial paper (as determined by Fitch). Temporary Investments, if not rated, must be of comparable quality in the opinion of the Advisor. In addition, the Trust reserves the right to invest temporarily a greater portion of its assets in Temporary Investments for defensive purposes, when, in the judgment of the Advisor, market conditions warrant.

Repurchase Agreements

The Trust may invest in securities pursuant to repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements may be entered into only with a member bank of the Federal Reserve System or a primary dealer or an affiliate thereof, in U.S. Government securities. A repurchase agreement is a contractual agreement whereby the seller of securities agrees to repurchase the same security at a specified price on a future date agreed upon by the parties. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Trust’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. The risk to the Trust is limited to the ability of the issuer to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the delivery date; however, although the value of the underlying collateral at the time the transaction is entered into always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, if the value of the collateral declines there is a risk of loss of both principal and interest. In the event of default, the collateral may be sold but the Trust might incur a loss if the value of the collateral declines, and might incur disposition costs or experience delays in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Trust may be delayed or limited. The Advisor will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and throughout the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, the Advisor will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.

In general, for federal income tax purposes, repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized loans secured by the securities “sold.” Therefore, amounts earned under such agreements will not be considered tax exempt interest. The treatment of purchase and sales contracts is less certain.

 

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LEVERAGE

The Trust will use leverage to seek to achieve its investment objectives. The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage. The Trust anticipates initially utilizing leverage for investment purposes by investing in TOB Residuals in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets (50% of its net assets). In addition, within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to utilize leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. The Trust currently expects that it will utilize leverage for investment purposes, through a combination of investing in TOB Residuals and the issuance of preferred shares, in an amount representing approximately 40% of its Managed Assets (66.67% of its net assets). Under normal market conditions, the Trust will limit its use of leverage, subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act, in accordance with the 50% Policy. The Trust’s use of derivative instruments with embedded leverage for hedging purposes will not be subject to the 50% Policy. Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust is permitted to borrow money (including by investing in TOB Residuals) or issue debt securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets (50% of its net assets), issue preferred shares in an amount up to 50% of its Managed Assets (100% of its net assets) and enter into derivative instruments with leverage embedded in them in a limited manner or subject to a limit on leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk, as required by Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act. Although it has no present intention to do so, the Trust reserves the right to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, or issue debt securities in the future if it believes that market conditions would be conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through borrowing money or issuing debt securities.

The use of leverage can create risks. The NAV and market price of the common shares and the yield to holders of common shares will be more volatile than if leverage were not used. Changes in the value of the Trust’s portfolio, including securities bought with the proceeds of leverage, will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. If there is a net decrease or increase in the value of the Trust’s investment portfolio, leverage will decrease or increase, as the case may be, the NAV per common share to a greater extent than if the Trust did not utilize leverage. A reduction in the Trust’s NAV may cause a reduction in the market price of its shares. During periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the fee paid to the Advisor for advisory services will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage, because the fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Trust’s Managed Assets, which includes the proceeds from leverage. Any leveraging strategy the Trust employs may not be successful. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” See also “Risks—Tender Option Bond Risk” for details about the risks associated with the Trust’s use of TOB Residuals.

Certain types of leverage the Trust currently expects to use may result in the Trust being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Trust may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by one or more lenders or by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for any short-term debt securities or preferred shares issued by the Trust. The terms of any borrowings or rating agency guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the Investment Company Act. The Advisor does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Trust’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies if the Trust were to utilize leverage.

Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust is not permitted to issue senior securities if, immediately after the issuance of such senior securities, the Trust would have an asset coverage ratio (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of less than 300% with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., for every dollar of indebtedness outstanding, the Trust is required to have at least three dollars of assets) or less than 200% with respect to senior securities representing preferred stock (i.e., for every dollar of preferred stock outstanding, the Trust is required to have at least two dollars of assets). The Investment Company Act also provides that the Trust may not declare distributions or purchase its stock (including through tender offers) if, immediately after doing so, it will have an asset coverage ratio of less than 300% or 200%, as applicable. Under the Investment Company Act, certain short-term borrowings (such as for cash management purposes) are not subject to these limitations if (i) repaid within 60 days, (ii) not extended or renewed and (iii) not in excess of 5% of the total assets of the Trust.

Effects of Leverage

Assuming that leverage will represent approximately 40% of the Trust’s Managed Assets and that the Trust will bear expenses relating to that leverage at an average annual rate of 2.375%, the income generated by the Trust’s portfolio (net of estimated expenses) must exceed 0.95% in order to cover the expenses specifically related to the Trust’s use of leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates used for illustration. Actual leverage expenses will vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.

 

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The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on total returns from an investment in the common shares assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of securities held in the Trust’s portfolio) of (10)%, (5)%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Trust. See “Risks.” The table further reflects the use of leverage representing 40% of the Trust’s Managed Assets and the Trust’s currently projected annual leverage expense of 1.58%.

 

Assumed Portfolio Total Return (Net of Expenses)

     (10.00 )%      (5.00 )%      0.00     5.00     10.00

Corresponding Total Return to Holders of Common Shares

     (18.25 )%      (9.92 )%      (1.58 )%      6.75     15.08

The corresponding total return to holders of common shares is composed of two elements: the common share dividends paid by the Trust (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Trust) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Trust owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Trust is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0% the Trust must assume that the interest it receives on its investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those securities.

Unless and until leverage is utilized or issued, the common shares will not be leveraged and the risks and special considerations related to leverage described in this prospectus will not apply. Such leveraging will not be fully achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of leverage have been invested in accordance with the Trust’s investment objective and policies.

In addition, because the Trust’s investment management fee is calculated as a percentage of the Trust’s Managed Assets, which include those assets purchased with leverage, during periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the fee paid to the Advisor will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage.

Tender Option Bond Transactions

The Trust intends to leverage its assets through the use of TOB Residuals, which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The TOB Residuals in which the Trust will invest pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer of such TOB Residuals, is exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax. No independent investigation will be made to confirm the tax-exempt status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by the Trust. Although volatile, TOB Residuals typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate municipal bonds with comparable credit quality.

TOB Residuals represent beneficial interests in a TOB Trust formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds. A TOB Trust typically issues two classes of beneficial interests: TOB Floaters, which are sold to third party investors, and TOB Residuals, which are generally issued to the fund(s) that transferred municipal bonds to the TOB Trust. The Trust may invest in both TOB Floaters and TOB Residuals. TOB Floaters may have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the TOB Trust and are enhanced with a liquidity support arrangement from a third party TOBs Liquidity Provider (defined below) which allows holders to tender their position at par (plus accrued interest). The Trust, as a holder of TOB Residuals, is paid the residual cash flow from the TOB Trust after payment of TOB Trust expenses and interest on the TOB Floaters. The Trust contributes municipal bonds to the TOB Trust and is paid the cash received by the TOB Trust from the sale of the TOB Floaters, less certain transaction costs, and typically will invest the cash to purchase additional municipal bonds or other investments permitted by its investment policies. If the Trust ever purchases all or a portion of the TOB Floaters sold by the TOB Trust, it may surrender those TOB Floaters together with a proportionate amount of TOB Residuals to the TOB Trust in exchange for a proportionate amount of the municipal bonds owned by the TOB Trust.

Other BlackRock-advised Funds (as defined below) may contribute municipal bonds to a TOB Trust into which the Trust has contributed municipal bonds. If multiple BlackRock-advised Funds participate in the same TOB Trust, the economic rights and obligations under the TOB Residual will generally be shared among the funds ratably in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.

The municipal bonds transferred to a TOB Trust typically are high grade municipal bonds. In certain cases, when municipal bonds transferred are lower grade municipal bonds, the TOB Trust transaction includes a credit

 

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enhancement feature that provides for the timely payment of principal and interest on the bonds to the TOB Trust by a credit enhancement provider. The TOB Trust would be responsible for the payment of the credit enhancement fee and the Trust, as a TOB Residual holder, would be responsible for reimbursement of any payments of principal and interest made by the credit enhancement provider.

The TOB Residuals held by the Trust generally provide the Trust with the right to cause the holders of a proportional share of the TOB Floaters to tender their notes to the TOB Trust at par plus accrued interest. Thereafter, the Trust may withdraw a corresponding share of the municipal bonds from the TOB Trust. As a result, a TOB transaction, in effect, creates exposure for the Trust to the entire return of the municipal bonds in the TOB Trust, with a net cash investment by the Trust that is less than the value of the municipal bonds in the TOB Trust. This multiplies the positive or negative impact of the municipal bonds’ return within the Trust (thereby creating leverage). The leverage within a TOB Trust depends on the value of the municipal bonds deposited in the TOB Trust relative to the value of the TOB Floaters it issues.

The Trust may invest in highly leveraged TOB Residuals. A TOB Residual generally is considered highly leveraged if the principal amount of the TOB Floaters issued by the related TOB Trust exceeds 75% of the principal amount of the municipal bonds owned by the TOB Trust.

The leverage attributable to the Trust’s use of TOB Residuals may be “called away” on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The TOB Trust may be collapsed without the consent of the Trust upon the occurrence of termination events, as defined in the TOB Trust agreements, including if TOB Floaters that are tendered to the TOBs Liquidity Provider cannot be remarketed. Attempts to remarket tendered securities often failed during volatile market conditions in the past. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, a TOB Trust would be liquidated with the proceeds applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee of the TOB Trust, the remarketing agent of the TOB Floaters and the TOBs Liquidity Provider. Upon certain termination events, the holders of the TOB Floaters would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., the Trust) whereas in other termination events, the TOB Floater and TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata. If the proceeds upon liquidation of a TOB Trust, net of payment of fees, are less than the aggregate amount the TOB Residual and TOB Floater holders invested in the TOB Trust, the Trust as a TOB Residual holder will realize a loss on its investment, particularly if the TOB Floater holders are paid before the TOB Residual holders. The risk of such a loss may be greater during volatile market conditions when it may be difficult to sell the bonds held by a TOB Trust.

TOB Trusts are typically supported by a liquidity facility provided by a TOBs Liquidity Provider that allows the holders of the TOB Floaters to tender their TOB Floaters in exchange for payment of par plus accrued interest on any business day (subject to the non-occurrence of a termination event). The tendered TOB Floaters are remarketed by a remarketing agent. In the event of a failed remarketing, the TOB Trust may draw upon a loan from the TOBs Liquidity Provider to purchase the tendered TOB Floaters. Any loans made by the TOBs Liquidity Provider will be secured by the purchased TOB Floaters held by the TOB Trust and will be subject to an increased interest rate based on number of days the loan is outstanding.

The Trust may invest in a TOB Trust on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. When the Trust invests in TOB Trusts on a non-recourse basis, and the TOBs Liquidity Provider is required to make a payment under the liquidity facility, the TOBs Liquidity Provider will typically liquidate all or a portion of the municipal bonds held in the TOB Trust and then fund the balance, if any, of the Liquidation Shortfall. If the Trust invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it will typically enter into a reimbursement agreement with the TOBs Liquidity Provider pursuant to which the Trust is required to reimburse the TOBs Liquidity Provider the amount of any Liquidation Shortfall. As a result, if the Trust invests in a recourse TOB Trust, the Trust will bear the risk of loss with respect to any Liquidation Shortfall. If multiple BlackRock-advised Funds participate in any such TOB Trust, these losses will be shared ratably, in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.

Under accounting rules, municipal securities of the Trust that are deposited into a TOB Trust are investments of the Trust and are presented on the Trust’s Schedule of Investments and outstanding TOB Floaters issued by a TOB Trust are presented as liabilities in the Trust’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Interest income from the underlying municipal securities is recorded by the Trust on an accrual basis. Interest expense incurred on the TOB Floaters and other expenses related to remarketing, administration, trustee and other services to a TOB Trust are reported as expenses of the Trust. In addition, under accounting rules, loans made to a TOB Trust sponsored by the Trust may be presented as loans of the Trust in the Trust’s financial statements even if there is no recourse to the Trust’s assets.

 

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For TOB Floaters, generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal bonds with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option. Since the tender option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying municipal bonds deposited in the TOB Trust, the holder of the TOB Floaters relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the liquidity facility as well as the credit strength of that institution. The perceived reliability and creditworthiness, of many major financial institutions, some of which sponsor and/or provide liquidity support to TOB Trusts increases the risk associated with TOB Floaters. This in turn may reduce the desirability of TOB Floaters as investments, which could impair the viability or availability of TOB Trusts.

Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act permits the Trust to enter into TOB Trust transactions, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions (e.g., borrowed bonds) notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, provided that the Trust either (i) complies with the 300% asset coverage ratio applicable to senior securities representing indebtedness with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treats such transactions as derivatives transactions under Rule 18f-4. See “Additional Risk Factors—Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives—Rule 18f-4 Under the Investment Company Act” in the SAI. Future regulatory requirements or SEC guidance may necessitate more onerous contractual or regulatory requirements, which may increase the costs or reduce the degree of potential economic benefits of TOB Trust transactions or limit the Trust’s ability to enter into or manage TOB Trust transactions.

See “Risk Factors—Tender Option Bond Risk” for a description of the risks involved with a TOB issuer.

Preferred Shares

Within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to utilize leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust is not permitted to issue preferred shares if, immediately after such issuance, the liquidation value of the Trust’s outstanding preferred shares exceeds 50% of its assets (including the proceeds from the issuance) less liabilities other than borrowings (i.e., the value of the Trust’s assets must be at least 200% of the liquidation value of its outstanding preferred shares). In addition, the Trust would not be permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common shares unless, at the time of such declaration after giving effect to the declaration, the value of the Trust’s assets less liabilities other than borrowings is at least 200% of such liquidation value.

The Trust expects that preferred shares, if issued, will pay adjustable rate dividends based on shorter-term interest rates, which would be redetermined periodically by a fixed spread or remarketing process, subject to a maximum rate which would increase over time in the event of an extended period of unsuccessful remarketing. The adjustment period for preferred share dividends could be as short as one day or as long as a year or more. Preferred shares, if issued, could include a liquidity feature that allows holders of preferred shares to have their shares purchased by a liquidity provider in the event that sell orders have not been matched with purchase orders and successfully settled in a remarketing. The Trust expects that it would pay a fee to the provider of this liquidity feature, which would be borne by common shareholders of the Trust. The terms of such liquidity feature could require the Trust to redeem preferred shares still owned by the liquidity provider following a certain period of continuous, unsuccessful remarketing, which may adversely impact the Trust.

If preferred shares are issued, the Trust may, to the extent possible, purchase or redeem preferred shares from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain asset coverage of any preferred shares of at least 200%. In addition, as a condition to obtaining ratings on the preferred shares, the terms of any preferred shares issued are expected to include asset coverage maintenance provisions which will require the redemption of the preferred shares in the event of non-compliance by the Trust and may also prohibit dividends and other distributions on the common shares in such circumstances. In order to meet redemption requirements, the Trust may have to liquidate portfolio securities. Such liquidations and redemptions would cause the Trust to incur related transaction costs and could result in capital losses

 

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to the Trust. Prohibitions on dividends and other distributions on the common shares could impair the Trust’s ability to qualify as a RIC under the Code. If the Trust has preferred shares outstanding, two of the Trustees will be elected by the holders of preferred shares voting separately as a class. The remaining Trustees will be elected by holders of common shares and preferred shares voting together as a single class. In the event the Trust failed to pay dividends on preferred shares for two years, holders of preferred shares would be entitled to elect a majority of the Trustees.

If the Trust issues preferred shares, the Trust expects that it will be subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for preferred shares issued by the Trust. These guidelines are expected to impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Trust by the Investment Company Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines would impede the Advisor from managing the Trust’s portfolio in accordance with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies.

Credit Facility

The Trust is permitted to leverage its portfolio by entering into one or more credit facilities. If the Trust enters into a credit facility, the Trust may be required to prepay outstanding amounts or incur a penalty rate of interest upon the occurrence of certain events of default. The Trust would also likely have to indemnify the lenders under the credit facility against liabilities they may incur in connection therewith. In addition, the Trust expects that any credit facility would contain covenants that, among other things, likely would limit the Trust’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change certain of its investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations, and require asset coverage ratios in addition to those required by the Investment Company Act. The Trust may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Trust expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant, negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no assurance that the Trust will enter into an agreement for a credit facility, or one on terms and conditions representative of the foregoing, or that additional material terms will not apply. In addition, if entered into, a credit facility may in the future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit facilities having substantially different terms or by the issuance of preferred shares.

Derivatives

The Trust may enter into derivative transactions that have leverage embedded in them. Derivative transactions that the Trust may enter into and the risks associated with them are described elsewhere in this prospectus and are also referred to as “Strategic Transactions.” The Trust cannot assure you that investments in derivative transactions that have leverage embedded in them will result in a higher return on its common shares. Under Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act, among other things, the Trust must either use derivatives in a limited manner or comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value-at-risk. See “Additional Risk Factors—Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives—Rule 18f-4 Under the Investment Company Act” in the SAI.

Temporary Borrowings

The Trust may also borrow money as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Trust securities.

RISKS

The NAV and market price of, and dividends paid on, the common shares will fluctuate with and be affected by, among other things, the risks more fully described below.

No Operating History

The Trust is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. The Trust does not have any historical financial statements or other meaningful operating or financial data on which potential investors may evaluate the Trust and its performance. An investment in the Trust is therefore subject to all of the risks and uncertainties associated with a new business, including the risk that the Trust will not achieve its investment objectives and that the value of any potential investment in our common shares could decline substantially as a consequence.

 

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Limited Term Risk

The Trust will terminate on or about September 30, 2037 in accordance with the terms of its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, unless (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to extend the Trust’s termination date or (ii) 80% of the Trust’s Board approves an earlier termination date. The Trust seeks to return $25.00 per common share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. The Trust’s limited term may cause it to sell securities when it otherwise would not, which could cause the Trust’s returns to decrease and the market price and/or net asset value of the common shares to fall. As the Trust, approaches its termination date, the Advisor may need to reinvest the proceeds from sold, matured or called securities into securities with shorter maturity dates and lower yields, or hold the proceeds in cash or cash equivalents, which may adversely affect the performance of the Trust or the Trust’s ability to maintain its dividend.

Non-Diversified Status

The Trust is a non-diversified fund. As defined in the Investment Company Act, a non-diversified fund may have a significant part of its investments in a smaller number of issuers than can a diversified fund. Having a larger percentage of assets in a smaller number of issuers makes a non-diversified fund, like the Trust, more susceptible to the risk that one single event or occurrence can have a significant adverse impact upon the Trust.

Investment and Market Discount Risk

An investment in the Trust’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. As with any stock, the price of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If shares are sold, the price received may be more or less than the original investment. Common shares are designed for long-term investors and the Trust should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Trust’s NAV could decrease as a result of its investment activities. At any point in time an investment in the Trust’s common shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Trust. This risk may be greater for investors who sell their common shares in a relatively short period of time after completion of the initial offering. During periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the Trust’s investment, market discount and certain other risks will be magnified.

Fixed-Income Securities Risks

Fixed-income securities in which the Trust may invest are generally subject to the following risks:

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of bonds and other fixed-income securities changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent period of historically low interest rates. The Federal Reserve has recently begun to raise the federal funds rate as part of its efforts to address rising inflation. There is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise, which will likely drive down prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities. The magnitude of these price reductions in the market price of bonds and other fixed-income securities is generally greater for those securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Trust’s investments will not affect interest income derived from instruments already owned by the Trust, but will be reflected in the Trust’s NAV. The Trust may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply in a manner not anticipated by the Advisor. To the extent the Trust invests in debt securities that may be prepaid at the option of the obligor, the sensitivity of such securities to changes in interest rates may increase (to the detriment of the Trust) when interest rates rise. Moreover, because rates on certain floating rate debt securities typically reset only periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the NAV of the Trust to the extent that it invests in floating rate debt securities. These basic principles of bond prices also apply to U.S. Government securities. A security backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price. Just like other fixed-income securities, government-guaranteed securities will fluctuate in value when interest rates change.

 

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The Trust’s intended use of leverage will tend to increase the Trust’s interest rate risk. The Trust may utilize certain strategies, including taking positions in futures or interest rate swaps, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of fixed-income securities held by the Trust and adjusting the Trust’s exposure to interest rate risk. The Trust is not required to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk and may choose not to do so. In addition, there is no assurance that any attempts by the Trust to reduce interest rate risk will be successful or that any hedges that the Trust may establish will perfectly correlate with movements in interest rates.

The Trust may invest in variable and floating rate debt instruments, which generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes than longer duration fixed rate instruments, but may decline in value in response to rising interest rates if, for example, the rates at which they pay interest do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general or if there is a cap on the interest rate that can be paid. Conversely, variable and floating rate instruments generally will not increase in value if interest rates decline. The Trust also may invest in inverse floating rate debt securities, which may decrease in value if interest rates increase, and which also may exhibit greater price volatility than fixed rate debt obligations with similar credit quality. To the extent the Trust holds variable or floating rate instruments, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities, which may adversely affect the NAV of the Trust’s common shares.

Issuer Risk. The value of fixed-income securities may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of the assets of the issuer.

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that one or more fixed-income securities in the Trust’s portfolio will decline in price or fail to pay interest or principal when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. To the extent the Trust invests in below investment grade securities, it will be exposed to a greater amount of credit risk than a fund that only invests in investment grade securities. See “—Below Investment Grade Securities Risk.” In addition, to the extent the Trust uses credit derivatives to sell credit protection to its counterparty, such use will expose it to additional risk of the occurrence of a credit event in respect of the bonds underlying the derivatives. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities.

Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled. For fixed rate securities, such payments often occur during periods of declining interest rates, forcing the Trust to reinvest in lower yielding securities, resulting in a possible decline in the Trust’s income and distributions to shareholders. This is known as prepayment or “call” risk. Below investment grade securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price (typically greater than par) only if certain prescribed conditions are met (i.e., “call protection”). For premium bonds (bonds acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value) purchased by the Trust, prepayment risk may be enhanced.

Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Trust’s portfolio will decline if the Trust invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Trust portfolio’s current earnings rate.

Duration and Maturity Risk. After the initial investment period, the Trust intends to actively manage the maturity of its securities, which are expected to have a dollar weighted average effective maturity approximately equal to the Trust’s maturity date of or about September 30, 2037. However, the Advisor may seek to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity based on its assessment of current and projected market conditions and all other factors that the Advisor deems relevant. See “Use of Proceeds.”In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which the issuer of a debt instrument is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result in changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments. Specifically, duration measures the anticipated percentage change in NAV that is expected for every percentage point change in interest rates. The two have an inverse relationship. Duration can be a useful tool to estimate anticipated price changes to a fixed pool of income securities associated with changes in interest rates. For example, a duration of five years means that a 1% decrease in interest rates will increase the NAV of the

 

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portfolio by approximately 5%; if interest rates increase by 1%, the NAV will decrease by 5%. However, in a managed portfolio of fixed-income securities having differing interest or dividend rates or payment schedules, maturities, redemption provisions, call or prepayment provisions and credit qualities, actual price changes in response to changes in interest rates may differ significantly from a duration-based estimate at any given time. Actual price movements experienced by a portfolio of fixed-income securities will be affected by how interest rates move (i.e., changes in the relationship of long-term interest rates to short-term interest rates and in the relationship of interest rates for highly rated securities and rates for below investment grade securities), the magnitude of any move in interest rates, actual and anticipated prepayments of principal through call or redemption features, the extension of maturities through restructuring, the sale of securities for portfolio management purposes, the reinvestment of proceeds from prepayments on and from sales of securities, and credit quality-related considerations whether associated with financing costs to lower credit quality borrowers or otherwise, as well as other factors. Accordingly, while duration may be a useful tool to estimate potential price movements in relation to changes in interest rates, investors are cautioned that duration alone will not predict actual changes in the net asset or market value of the Trust’s shares and that actual price movements in the Trust’s portfolio may differ significantly from duration-based estimates. Duration differs from maturity in that it takes into account a security’s yield, coupon payments and its principal payments in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. Any decisions as to the targeted duration or maturity of any particular category of investments or of the Trust’s portfolio generally will be made based on all pertinent market factors at any given time and in light of the Trust’s investment objective to return $25.00 per share (the initial public offering price per common share) to holders of common shares on or about September 30, 2037. The Trust may incur costs in seeking to adjust the portfolio’s average duration or maturity. There can be no assurance that the Advisor’s assessment of current and projected market conditions will be correct or that any strategy to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity will be successful at any given time.

Nonpayment Risk. Municipal securities, like other debt obligations, are subject to the risk of nonpayment. The ability of issuers of municipal securities to make timely payments of interest and principal may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such nonpayment would result in a reduction of income to the Trust and could result in a reduction in the value of the municipal security experiencing nonpayment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Trust.

Spread Risk. Credit spread refers to the difference in interest rates between higher quality and lower quality debt securities, with credit spreads tending to be wider for lower quality securities. Wider credit spreads and decreasing market values typically represent a deterioration of a debt security’s credit soundness and a perceived greater likelihood of risk or default by the issuer. In addition, credit spreads in general, or for a particular quality of securities, may widen due to the anticipation of deteriorating economic conditions, with widening tending to be greater for lower grade securities. A widening of spread for a security generally will result in a reduction in the market value of the security.

Municipal Securities Market Risk

Economic exposure to the municipal securities market involves certain risks. The Trust’s economic exposure to municipal securities includes municipal securities in the Trust’s portfolio and municipal securities to which the Trust is exposed through the ownership of TOB Residuals. The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital. Most municipal securities will not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available about the municipal securities to which the Trust is economically exposed is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Trust may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Advisor than would be a fund investing solely in stocks or taxable bonds. The secondary market for municipal securities, particularly the below investment grade securities to which the Trust may be economically exposed, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Trust’s ability to sell such securities at attractive prices or at prices approximating those at which the Trust currently values them.

 

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In addition, many state and municipal governments that issue securities are under significant economic and financial stress and may not be able to satisfy their obligations. This stress may be significantly exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among federal, state and local governments. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit will depend on many factors, including the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control. In addition, laws enacted in the future by Congress or state legislatures or referenda could extend the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or impose other constraints on enforcement of such obligations or on the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of municipal securities could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and such holders may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which they are entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, the Trust may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Trust’s operating expenses. Any income derived from the Trust’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt or may fail to generate qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to RICs.

Risk Factors and Special Considerations Relating to Municipal Securities

The risks and special considerations involved in investment in municipal securities vary with the types of instruments being acquired. Certain instruments in which the Trust may invest may be characterized as derivative instruments. See “The Trust’s Investments—Description of Municipal Securities” and “The Trust’s Investments—Strategic Transactions—Financial Futures Transactions and Options.”

The value of municipal securities generally may be affected by uncertainties in the municipal markets as a result of legislation or litigation, including legislation or litigation that changes the taxation of municipal securities or the rights of municipal security holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Municipal bankruptcies are rare, and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcies are unclear. Further, the application of state law to municipal security issuers could produce varying results among the states or among municipal security issuers within a state. These uncertainties could have a significant impact on the prices of the municipal securities in which the Trust invests.

Tax-Exempt Status Risk

In making investments, the Trust and the Advisor will rely on the opinion of issuers’ bond counsel and, in the case of derivative securities, sponsors’ counsel, on the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal obligations and payments under tax-exempt derivative securities. Neither the Trust nor the Advisor will independently review the bases for those tax opinions. If any of those tax opinions are ultimately determined to be incorrect or if events occur after the security is acquired that impact the security’s tax-exempt status, the Trust and its shareholders could be subject to substantial tax liabilities. An assertion by the IRS that a portfolio security is not exempt from U.S. federal income tax (contrary to indications from the issuer) could affect the Trust’s and its shareholders’ income tax liability for the current or past years and could create liability for information reporting penalties. In addition, an IRS assertion of taxability may cause the Trust to be ineligible to pay exempt-interest dividends or may impair the liquidity and the fair market value of the securities. See “Tax Matters.”

Taxability Risk

The Trust intends to minimize the payment of taxable income to shareholders by investing in tax-exempt or municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such securities, however, may be determined to pay, or have paid, taxable income subsequent to the Trust’s acquisition of the securities. In that event, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Trust as “exempt interest dividends” could be adversely affected, subjecting the Trust’s shareholders to increased U.S. federal income tax liabilities. In addition, instead of challenging the shareholder treatment of such dividends, the IRS may demand that the Trust pay U.S. federal income taxes on the affected interest income (to reflect taxes that would have been paid by the shareholders if distributions had been reported as ordinary dividends), and, if the Trust agrees to do so, the Trust’s yield could be adversely affected. Federal tax legislation may limit the types and volume of bonds the interest on which qualifies for a federal income tax-exemption. As a result, current legislation and legislation that may be enacted in the future may affect the availability of municipal securities for investment by the Trust. In addition, future laws, regulations, rulings or court decisions may cause interest on municipal securities to be subject,

 

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directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal income taxation or interest on state municipal securities to be subject to state or local income taxation, or the value of state municipal securities to be subject to state or local intangible personal property tax, or may otherwise prevent the Trust from realizing the full current benefit of the tax-exempt status of such securities. Any such change could also affect the market price of such securities, and thus the value of an investment in the Trust.

Although the Trust does not seek to realize taxable income or capital gains, the Trust may realize and distribute taxable ordinary income or capital gains from time to time as a result of the Trust’s normal investment activities. During temporary defensive periods, including the period during which the net proceeds of this offering are being invested, and in order to keep the Trust’s cash fully invested, the Trust may invest up to 100% of its total assets in liquid, short-term investments, including high quality, short-term securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable.

Alternative Minimum Tax and Capital Gain Tax Risk

The Trust expects that a portion of the interest or income it produces will be includable in alternative minimum taxable income. There is no limit on the portion of the Trust’s assets that may be invested in municipal securities the income from which would be subject to the alternative minimum tax.Exempt interest dividends also are likely to be subject to state and local income taxes. Distributions of any capital gain or other taxable income will be taxable to shareholders. The Trust’s common shares may not be a suitable investment for investors who are subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to such tax by purchasing common shares. The suitability of an investment in common shares will depend upon a comparison of the after-tax yield likely to be provided from the Trust with that from comparable tax-exempt investments not subject to the alternative minimum tax, and from comparable fully taxable investments, in light of each such investor’s tax position.

Insurance Risk

The Trust may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance or may purchase insurance for municipal securities it owns.Insurance guarantees that interest payments on a municipal security will be made on time and that the principal will be repaid when the security matures. Insurance is expected to protect the Trust against losses caused by a municipal security issuer’s failure to make interest and principal payments. However, insurance does not protect the Trust or its shareholders against losses caused by declines in a municipal security’s value. Also, the Trust cannot be certain that any insurance company will make the payments it guarantees. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the rating of the underlying municipal security will be more relevant and the value of the municipal security would more closely, if not entirely, reflect such rating. The Trust may lose money on its investment if the insurance company does not make payments it guarantees. If a municipal security’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the security could drop.

Yield and Ratings Risk

The yields on debt obligations are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of the offering, the maturity of the obligation and the ratings of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, which are described in Appendix A to the SAI, represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. Subsequent to its purchase by the Trust, a rated security may cease to be rated. The Advisor will consider such an event in determining whether the Trust should continue to hold the security.

Below Investment Grade Securities Risk

The Trust may invest up to 35% of its Managed Assets in securities that are rated, at the time of investment, below investment grade quality (rated Ba/BB or below, or judged to be of comparable quality by the Advisor), which are commonly referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds and are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due. The value of high yield, lower quality bonds is affected by the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities and by general economic and specific industry conditions. Issuers of high yield bonds are not perceived to be as strong financially as those with higher credit ratings. These issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy issuers, which may impair their ability to make interest and principal payments. Lower grade securities may be particularly susceptible to

 

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economic downturns. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities. See “—Risk Associated with Recent Market Events.”

Lower grade securities, though high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The secondary market for lower grade securities may be less liquid than that for higher rated securities. Adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Trust to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Trust’s NAV. Because of the substantial risks associated with investments in lower grade securities, you could lose money on your investment in common shares of the Trust, both in the short-term and the long-term.

The prices of fixed-income securities generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, below investment grade securities historically have been somewhat less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity because credit quality is also a significant factor in the valuation of lower grade securities. On the other hand, an increased rate environment results in increased borrowing costs generally, which may impair the credit quality of low-grade issuers and thus have a more significant effect on the value of some lower grade securities. In addition, the current low rate environment has expanded the historic universe of buyers of lower grade securities as traditional investment grade oriented investors have been forced to accept more risk in order to maintain income. As rates rise, these recent entrants to the low-grade securities market may exit the market and reduce demand for lower grade securities, potentially resulting in greater price volatility.

The ratings of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and other rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Advisor also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Trust invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives will be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Trust invests in rated securities.

Unrated Securities Risk

Because the Trust may purchase securities that are not rated by any rating organization, the Advisor may, after assessing their credit quality, internally assign ratings to certain of those securities in categories similar to those of rating organizations. Some unrated securities may not have an active trading market or may be difficult to value, which means the Trust might have difficulty selling them promptly at an acceptable price. To the extent that the Trust invests in unrated securities, the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives will be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Trust invests in rated securities.

Zero-Coupon Securities Risk

Zero-coupon securities are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and do not pay interest during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder of a zero-coupon security is entitled to receive the par value of the security.

The Trust accrues income with respect to these securities for U.S. federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments. Zero-coupon securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals.

Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the federal tax laws, the Trust is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of other, more liquid portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances or may have to leverage itself by borrowing in order to generate the cash to satisfy these distributions. The required distributions may result in an increase in the Trust’s exposure to zero-coupon securities.

 

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In addition to the above-described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero-coupon securities. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, the Trust’s investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in the Trust’s portfolio.

Variable Rate Demand Obligations Risk

VRDOs are floating rate securities that combine an interest in a long-term municipal bond with a right to demand payment before maturity from a bank or other financial institution. If the bank or financial institution is unable to pay, the Trust may lose money.

Private Activity Bonds

The Trust may invest without limit in certain tax-exempt securities classified as “private activity bonds.” These bonds may subject certain investors in the Trust to the federal alternative minimum tax.

Economic Sector and Geographic Risk

The Trust, as a fundamental policy, may not invest 25% or more of the value of its Managed Assets in any one industry. However, this limitation does not apply to securities of the U.S. Government, any state government or their respective agencies, or instrumentalities and securities backed by the credit of any federal or state governmental entity. As such, the Trust may invest 25% or more of its Managed Assets in municipal obligations of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in municipal obligations in the same economic sector, including without limitation the following: lease rental obligations of state and local authorities; obligations dependent on annual appropriations by a state’s legislature for payment; obligations of state and local housing finance authorities, municipal utilities systems or public housing authorities; obligations of hospitals or life care facilities; and industrial development or pollution control bonds issued for electrical utility systems, steel companies, paper companies or other purposes. This may make the Trust more susceptible to adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting a particular state or economic sector. For example, health care related issuers are susceptible to Medicare, Medicaid and other third party payor reimbursement policies, and national and state health care legislation. As concentration increases, so does the potential for fluctuation in the net asset value of the Trust’s common shares.

Investment Companies and ETFs Risk

The Trust may invest up to 10% of its total assets in other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, some of which may be affiliated investment companies. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from their NAV. As an investor in investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, the Trust would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses (to the extent not offset by the Advisor through waivers). As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs (to the extent not offset by the Advisor through waivers).

The securities of other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, in which the Trust may invest may be leveraged. As a result, the Trust may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities. An investment in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, that use leverage may expose the Trust to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Trust’s long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of the Trust’s common shares) will be diminished.

The portfolios of ETFs are generally not actively managed and may be affected by a general decline in market segments relating to its index. An ETF typically invests in securities included in, or representative of, its index regardless of their investment merits and does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets.

Preferred Securities Risk

There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including:

Deferral Risk. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Trust owns a preferred security that is deferring its distributions, the Trust may be required to report income for tax purposes although it has not yet received such income.

 

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Subordination Risk. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of having priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than debt instruments.

Limited Voting Rights Risk. Generally, preferred security holders (such as the Trust) have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights. In the case of trust preferred securities, holders generally have no voting rights, except if (i) the issuer fails to pay dividends for a specified period of time or (ii) a declaration of default occurs and is continuing.

Special Redemption Rights Risk. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date. For instance, for certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may be triggered by certain changes in U.S. federal income tax or securities laws. As with call provisions, a special redemption by the issuer may negatively impact the return of the security held by the Trust.

New Types of Securities Risk. From time to time, preferred securities, including trust preferred securities, have been, and may in the future be, offered having features other than those described herein. The Trust reserves the right to invest in these securities if the Advisor believes that doing so would be consistent with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies. Since the market for these instruments would be new, the Trust may have difficulty disposing of them at a suitable price and time. In addition to limited liquidity, these instruments may present other risks, such as high price volatility.

U.S. Government Securities Risk

U.S. Government debt securities generally involve lower levels of credit risk than other types of fixed-income securities of similar maturities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. Government debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from such other securities. Like other fixed-income securities, the values of U.S. Government securities change as interest rates fluctuate.

Leverage Risk

The Trust anticipates initially utilizing leverage for investment purposes by investing in TOB Residuals. See “—Tender Option Bond Risk” for details about the risks associated with the Trust’s use of TOB Residuals. Within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to utilize leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage.

The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased common share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of common shares. The Trust cannot assure you that the intended use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the common shares. There can be no assurance that the Trust’s intended leveraging strategy will be successful.

Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including:

 

   

the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the common shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage;

 

   

the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Trust must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders;

 

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the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the common shares;

 

   

when the Trust uses financial leverage, the management fee payable to the Advisor will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage; and

 

   

leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.

Any decline in the NAV of the Trust’s investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Trust’s portfolio declines, leverage will result in a greater decrease in NAV to the holders of common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged. This greater NAV decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares. While the Trust may from time to time consider reducing any outstanding leverage in response to actual or anticipated changes in interest rates in an effort to mitigate the increased volatility of current income and NAV associated with leverage, there can be no assurance that the Trust will actually reduce any outstanding leverage in the future or that any reduction, if undertaken, will benefit the holders of common shares. Changes in the future direction of interest rates are very difficult to predict accurately. If the Trust were to reduce any outstanding leverage based on a prediction about future changes to interest rates, and that prediction turned out to be incorrect, the reduction in any outstanding leverage would likely operate to reduce the income and/or total returns to holders of common shares relative to the circumstance where the Trust had not reduced any of its outstanding leverage. The Trust may decide that this risk outweighs the likelihood of achieving the desired reduction to volatility in income and share price if the prediction were to turn out to be correct, and determine not to reduce any of its outstanding leverage as described above. Because the Trust’s investment management fee is calculated as a percentage of the Trust’s Managed Assets, which include those assets purchased with leverage, during periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the fee paid to the Advisor will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage.

The Trust currently does not intend to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions or issue debt securities, but may in the future borrow funds from banks or other financial institutions or issue debt securities, as described in this prospectus. Certain types of leverage the Trust currently expects to use may result in the Trust being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Trust may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for any debt securities or preferred shares issued by the Trust. The terms of any borrowings or these rating agency guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the Investment Company Act. The Advisor does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Trust’s portfolio in accordance with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies.

The Trust may utilize leverage through investment in derivatives. See “Risks—Strategic Transactions and Derivatives Risk.” Under Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act, among other things, the Trust must either use derivatives in a limited manner or comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value-at-risk. See “Additional Risk Factors—Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives—Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act” in the SAI. The use of leverage may cause the Trust to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet the applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder.

The Trust may invest in the securities of other investment companies. Such investment companies may also be leveraged, and will therefore be subject to the leverage risks described above. This additional leverage may in certain market conditions reduce the NAV of the Trust’s common shares and the returns to the holders of common shares.

Tender Option Bond Risk

The Trust intends to leverage its assets through the use of TOB Residuals, which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The TOB Residuals in which the Trust may invest pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the

 

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issuer of such TOB Residuals, is exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax. No independent investigation will be made to confirm the tax-exempt status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by the Trust. There is no assurance that the Trust’s strategy of using TOB Residuals to leverage its assets will be successful.

TOB Residuals represent beneficial interests in a TOB Trust. A TOB Trust typically issues two classes of beneficial interests: TOB Floaters, which are sold to third party investors, and TOB Residuals, which are generally issued to the fund(s) that transferred municipal bonds to the TOB Trust. TOB Floaters may have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the TOB Trust and are enhanced with a liquidity support arrangement provided by a third party bank or other financial institution (the “TOBs Liquidity Provider”) which allows holders to tender their position at par (plus accrued interest). The Trust, as a holder of TOB Residuals, is paid the residual cash flow from the TOB Trust after payment of TOB Trust expenses and interest on the TOB Floaters. As result, distributions on TOB Residuals will bear an inverse relationship to short-term municipal bond interest rates. Distributions on the TOB Residuals paid to the Trust will be reduced or, in the extreme, eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal interest rates fall. The amount of such reduction or increase is a function, in part, of the amount of TOB Floaters sold by the TOB Trust relative to the amount of the TOB Residuals that it sells. The greater the amount of TOB Floaters sold relative to the TOB Residuals, the more volatile the distributions on the TOB Residuals will be. Short-term interest rates have been at historic lows in recent years, but have begun to increase and are generally expected to continue to do so in the current market environment.

The municipal bonds transferred to a TOB Trust typically are high grade municipal bonds. In certain cases, when municipal bonds transferred are lower grade municipal bonds, the TOB Trust transaction includes a credit enhancement feature that provides for the timely payment of principal and interest on the bonds to the TOB Trust by a credit enhancement provider. The TOB Trust would be responsible for the payment of the credit enhancement fee and the Trust, as a TOB Residual holder, would be responsible for reimbursement of any payments of principal and interest made by the credit enhancement provider.

Any leverage achieved through the Trust’s investment in TOB Residuals will increase the possibility that common share long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of the TOB Floaters issued by a TOB Trust exceeds the return on the securities in the TOB Trust. If the income and gains earned on municipal securities owned by a TOB Trust that issues TOB Residuals to the Trust are greater than the payments due on the TOB Floaters issued by the TOB Trust, the Trust’s returns will be greater than if it had not invested in the TOB Residuals.

Although the Trust generally would unwind a TOB transaction rather than try to sell a TOB Residual, if it did try to sell a TOB Residual, its ability to do so would depend on the liquidity of the TOB Residual. TOB Residuals have varying degrees of liquidity based, among other things, upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in the TOB Trust. The market price of TOB Residuals is more volatile than the underlying municipal bonds due to leverage.

The leverage attributable to the Trust’s use of TOB Residuals may be “called away” on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The TOB Trust may be collapsed without the consent of the Trust upon the occurrence of termination events, as defined in the TOB Trust agreements, including if TOB Floaters that are tendered to the TOBs Liquidity Provider cannot be remarketed. Attempts to remarket tendered securities often failed during volatile market conditions in the past. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, a TOB Trust would be liquidated with the proceeds applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee of the TOB Trust, the remarketing agent of the TOB Floaters and the TOBs Liquidity Provider. Upon certain termination events, the holders of the TOB Floaters would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., the Trust) whereas in other termination events, the TOB Floater and TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata. If the proceeds upon liquidation of a TOB Trust, net of payment of fees, are less than the aggregate amount the TOB Residual and TOB Floater holders invested in the TOB Trust, the Trust as a TOB Residual holder will realize a loss on its investment, particularly if the TOB Floater holders are paid before the TOB Residual holders. The risk of such a loss may be greater during volatile market conditions when it may be difficult to sell the bonds held by a TOB Trust.

The Trust may invest in a TOB Trust on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. If the Trust invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it will typically enter into a reimbursement agreement with the TOBs Liquidity Provider pursuant to which the Trust is required to reimburse the TOBs Liquidity Provider the balance, if any, of the amount owed under the liquidity facility over the liquidation proceeds (the “Liquidation Shortfall”). As a result, if the Trust invests in a recourse TOB Trust, the Trust will bear the risk of loss with respect to any Liquidation Shortfall.

 

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The Trust structures and “sponsors” the TOB Trusts in which it holds TOB Residuals and has certain duties and responsibilities, which may give rise to certain additional risks including, but not limited to, compliance, securities law and operational risks.

TOB Trusts constitute an important component of the municipal bond market. Any modifications or changes to the rules governing TOB Trusts may adversely impact the municipal market and the Trust, including through reduced demand for and liquidity of municipal bonds and increased financing costs for municipal issuers. The ultimate impact of any potential modifications on the TOB market and the overall municipal market is not yet certain.

Please see “The Trust’s Investments—Leverage—Tender Option Bond Transactions” for additional information.

LIBOR Risk

The Trust may be exposed to financial instruments that are tied to London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies or investment value. The Trust’s investments may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Trust may also obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. Derivative instruments utilized by the Trust may also reference LIBOR.

The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced a phase out of LIBOR such that after June 30, 2023, the overnight, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be published or will no longer be representative. All other LIBOR settings and certain other interbank offered rates, such as the Euro Overnight Index Average (“EONIA”), ceased to be published or representative after December 31, 2021. The Trust may have investments linked to other interbank offered rates that may also cease to be published in the future. Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR, but there remain challenges to converting certain securities and transactions to a new reference rate (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is intended to replace the U.S. dollar LIBOR).

Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known. The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for, and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against, instruments whose terms currently include LIBOR. While some existing LIBOR-based instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate-setting methodology, there may be significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies to replicate LIBOR. Not all existing LIBOR-based instruments may have alternative rate-setting provisions and there remains uncertainty regarding the willingness and ability of issuers to add alternative rate-setting provisions in certain existing instruments. Global regulators have advised market participants to cease entering into new contracts using LIBOR as a reference rate, and it is possible that investments in LIBOR-based instruments could invite regulatory scrutiny.In addition, a liquid market for newly issued instruments that use a reference rate other than LIBOR still may be developing. There may also be challenges for the Trust to enter into hedging transactions against such newly issued instruments until a market for such hedging transactions develops. All of the aforementioned may adversely affect the Trust’s performance or NAV.

Strategic Transactions and Derivatives Risk

The Trust may engage in various Strategic Transactions for duration management and other investment and risk management purposes, including to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of the Trust’s portfolio resulting from trends in the securities markets and changes in interest rates or to protect the Trust’s unrealized gains in the value of its portfolio securities, to facilitate the sale of portfolio securities for investment purposes or to establish a position in the securities markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing particular securities or to enhance income or gain. Derivatives are financial contracts or instruments whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index (or relationship between two indices). The Trust also may use derivatives to add leverage to the portfolio and/or to hedge against increases in the Trust’s costs associated with any leverage strategy that it may employ. The use of Strategic Transactions to enhance current income may be speculative.

Strategic Transactions involve risks. The risks associated with Strategic Transactions include (i) the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets, (ii) the possible default of the counterparty

 

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to the transaction, (iii) illiquidity of the derivative instruments, and (iv) high volatility losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on exchanges on which the Trust may conduct its transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting the Trust to the potential of greater losses. Furthermore, the Trust’s ability to successfully use Strategic Transactions depends on the Advisor’s ability to predict pertinent asset prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors, which cannot be assured. The use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Trust to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Trust can realize on an investment or may cause the Trust to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Additionally, amounts paid by the Trust as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to Strategic Transactions are not otherwise available to the Trust for investment purposes. Please see the Trust’s SAI for a more detailed description of Strategic Transactions and the various derivative instruments the Trust may use and the various risks associated with them.

Exchange-traded derivatives and OTC derivative transactions submitted for clearing through a central counterparty have become subject to minimum initial and variation margin requirements set by the relevant clearinghouse, as well as possible margin requirements mandated by the SEC or the CFTC. The CFTC and federal banking regulators also have imposed margin requirements on non-cleared OTC derivatives, and the SEC’s non-cleared margin requirements for security-based swaps became effective on November 1, 2021. Applicable margin requirements may increase the overall costs for the Trust.

Many OTC derivatives are valued on the basis of dealers’ pricing of these instruments. However, the price at which dealers value a particular derivative and the price that the same dealers would actually be willing to pay for such derivative should the Trust wish or be forced to sell such position may be materially different. Such differences can result in an overstatement of the Trust’s NAV and may materially adversely affect the Trust in situations in which the Trust is required to sell derivative instruments.

While hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Trust’s hedging transactions will be effective.

Derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the Trust to greater risk and increase its costs. Recent legislation calls for new regulation of the derivatives markets. The extent and impact of the regulation is not yet known and may not be known for some time. New regulation may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

Future regulatory developments may impact the Trust’s ability to invest or remain invested in certain derivatives. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Trust itself is regulated. The Advisor cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented on the ability of the Trust to use swaps or any other financial derivatives product, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives.

Counterparty Risk. The Trust will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts entered into by the Trust. Because derivative transactions in which the Trust may engage may involve instruments that are not traded on an exchange or cleared through a central counterparty but are instead traded between counterparties based on contractual relationships, the Trust is subject to the risk that a counterparty will not perform its obligations under the related contracts. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, the Trust may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceedings. The Trust may obtain only a limited recovery, or may obtain no recovery, in such circumstances. Although the Trust intends to enter into transactions only with counterparties that the Advisor believes to be creditworthy, there can be no assurance that, as a result, a counterparty will not default and that the Trust will not sustain a loss on a transaction. In the event of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency, the Trust’s collateral may be subject to the conflicting claims of the counterparty’s creditors, and the Trust may be exposed to the risk of a court treating the Trust as a general unsecured creditor of the counterparty, rather than as the owner of the collateral.

 

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The counterparty credit risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivative transactions since a clearing organization is the each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and a clearing organization is generally considered to be of better credit quality than a counterparty to an uncleared OTC derivative transaction.

However, there can be no assurance that a clearing organization, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Trust, or that the Trust would be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited on its behalf with the clearing organization in the event of the default by the clearing organization or the Trust’s clearing broker. In addition, cleared derivative transactions benefit from daily marking-to-market and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Uncleared OTC derivative transactions generally may not benefit from such protections. This exposes the Trust to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Trust to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Trust has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties.

In addition, the Trust is subject to the risk that issuers of the instruments in which it invests and trades may default on their obligations under those instruments, and that certain events may occur that have an immediate and significant adverse effect on the value of those instruments. There can be no assurance that an issuer of an instrument in which the Trust invests will not default, or that an event that has an immediate and significant adverse effect on the value of an instrument will not occur, and that the Trust will not sustain a loss on a transaction as a result.

Swaps Risk. Swaps are a type of derivative. Swap agreements involve the risk of changes in market value of the swap position as well as the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its payment or other obligations to the Trust and the risk that the Trust will not be able to meet its obligations to pay the other party to the agreement. In order to seek to hedge the value of the Trust’s portfolio, to hedge against increases in the Trust’s cost associated with interest payments on any outstanding borrowings or to seek to increase the Trust’s return, the Trust may enter into swaps, including interest rate swap, total return swap (sometimes referred to as a “contract for difference”) and/or credit default swap transactions. In interest rate swap transactions, there is a risk that yields will move in the direction opposite of the direction anticipated by the Trust, which would cause the Trust to make payments to its counterparty in the transaction that could adversely affect Trust performance. In addition to the risks applicable to swaps generally (including counterparty risk, high volatility, illiquidity risk and credit risk), credit default swap transactions involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default or other credit event by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty).

The United States, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), requires that certain derivatives with U.S. persons must be executed on a regulated market and a substantial portion of OTC derivatives must be submitted for clearing to regulated clearinghouses. As a result, swap transactions entered into by the Trust may become subject to various requirements applicable to swaps under the Dodd-Frank Act, including clearing, exchange-execution, reporting and recordkeeping requirements, which may make it more difficult and costly for the Trust to enter into swap transactions and may also render certain strategies in which the Trust might otherwise engage impossible or so costly that they will no longer be economical to implement. Furthermore, the number of counterparties that may be willing to enter into swap transactions with the Trust may also be limited if the swap transactions with the Trust are subject to the swap regulation under the Dodd-Frank Act.

Credit default and total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Trust’s portfolio because, in addition to its Managed Assets, the Trust would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap in excess of any premium and margin required to establish and maintain the position. Total return swap agreements are subject to market risk as well as the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to the Trust thereunder. The Trust is not required to enter into swap transactions for hedging purposes or to enhance income or gain and may choose not to do so. In addition, the swaps market is subject to a changing regulatory environment. It is possible that regulatory or other developments in the swaps market could adversely affect the Trust’s ability to successfully use swaps.

 

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When-Issued, Forward Commitment and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk

The Trust may purchase securities on a when-issued basis (including on a forward commitment or “TBA” (to be announced) basis) and may purchase or sell securities for delayed delivery. When-issued and delayed delivery transactions occur when securities are purchased or sold by the Trust with payment and delivery taking place in the future to secure an advantageous yield or price. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis may expose the Trust to counterparty risk of default as well as the risk that securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their actual delivery. The Trust will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis can involve the additional risk that the price or yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may not be as favorable as that obtained in the transaction itself.

Repurchase Agreements Risk

Subject to its investment objectives and policies, the Trust may enter into repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Trust of fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Trust will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. The Trust does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the Trust could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which the Trust seeks to enforce its rights thereto; possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and expenses of enforcing its rights. While repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in fixed-income securities, the Trust follows procedures approved by the Board that are designed to minimize such risks. In addition, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Trust generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of the Trust’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Trust could suffer a loss.

Restricted and Illiquid Investments Risk

The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s NAV and ability to make dividend distributions. The financial markets have in recent years experienced periods of extreme secondary market supply and demand imbalance, resulting in a loss of liquidity during which market prices were suddenly and substantially below traditional measures of intrinsic value. During such periods, some investments could be sold only at arbitrary prices and with substantial losses. Periods of such market dislocation may occur again at any time.

Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or that may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. For example, Rule 144A under the Securities Act provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers, such as the Trust. However, an insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing the Rule 144A-eligible securities that the Trust holds could affect adversely the marketability of certain Rule 144A securities, and the Trust might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices. When registration is required to sell a security, the Trust may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and considerable time may pass before the Trust is permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If adverse market conditions develop during this period, the Trust might obtain a less favorable price than the price that prevailed when the Trust decided to sell. The Trust may be unable to sell restricted and other illiquid investments at opportune times or prices.

 

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Valuation Risk

The Trust is subject to valuation risk, which is the risk that one or more of the securities in which the Trust invests are valued at prices that the Trust is unable to obtain upon sale due to factors such as incomplete data, market instability or human error. The Advisor may use an independent pricing service or prices provided by dealers to value securities at their market value. Because the secondary markets for certain investments may be limited, such instruments may be difficult to value. See “Net Asset Value.” When market quotations are not available, the Advisor may price such investments pursuant to a number of methodologies, such as computer-based analytical modeling or individual security evaluations. These methodologies generate approximations of market values, and there may be significant professional disagreement about the best methodology for a particular type of financial instrument or different methodologies that might be used under different circumstances. In the absence of an actual market transaction, reliance on such methodologies is essential, but may introduce significant variances in the ultimate valuation of the Trust’s investments. Technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third-party service providers may also impact the Trust’s ability to value its investments and the calculation of the Trust’s NAV.

When market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be inaccurate or unreliable, the Trust values its investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board. Fair value is defined as the amount for which assets could be sold in an orderly disposition over a reasonable period of time, taking into account the nature of the asset. Fair value pricing may require determinations that are inherently subjective and inexact about the value of a security or other asset. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value priced assets will not result in future adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets, or that fair value pricing will reflect a price that the Trust is able to obtain upon sale, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices, from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security or other asset. For example, the Trust’s NAV could be adversely affected if the Trust’s determinations regarding the fair value of the Trust’s investments were materially higher than the values that the Trust ultimately realizes upon the disposal of such investments. Where market quotations are not readily available, valuation may require more research than for more liquid investments. In addition, elements of judgment may play a greater role in valuation in such cases than for investments with a more active secondary market because there is less reliable objective data available. The Advisor anticipates that up to approximately 25% of the Trust’s net assets (calculated at the time of investment) may be valued using fair value. This percentage may increase over the life of the Trust and may exceed 25% of the Trust’s net assets due to a number of factors, such as when the Trust nears dissolution; outflows of cash from time to time; and changes in the valuation of these investments. The Trust prices its shares daily and therefore all assets, including assets valued at fair value, are valued daily.

The Trust’s NAV per common share is a critical component in several operational matters including computation of advisory and services fees. Consequently, variance in the valuation of the Trust’s investments will impact, positively or negatively, the fees and expenses shareholders will pay.

Event Risk

Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s securities may decline significantly.

Defensive Investing Risk

For defensive purposes, the Trust may allocate assets into cash or short-term fixed-income securities without limitation. In doing so, the Trust may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objectives. Further, the value of short-term fixed-income securities may be affected by changing interest rates and by changes in credit ratings of the investments. If the Trust holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash.

Securities Lending Risk

The Trust may lend securities to financial institutions. Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk

 

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(i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees the Trust has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, the Trust would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return the Trust’s securities as agreed, the Trust may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Trust. The Trust could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by the Trust for securities loaned out by the Trust will generally not be considered qualified dividend income. The securities lending agent will take the tax effects on shareholders of this difference into account in connection with the Trust’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will generally not be tax-exempt income.

Inflation Risk

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future, as inflation decreases the value of money. Inflation rates may change frequently and drastically as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy. As inflation increases, the real value of the common shares and distributions on those shares can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, interest rates on any borrowings by the Trust would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to the holders of common shares.

Deflation Risk

Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and their revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Trust’s portfolio.

Risk Associated with Recent Market Events

While interest rates have been historically low in recent years in the United States and abroad, inflation rates have recently risen significantly and the Federal Reserve and other central banks have recently begun raising interest rates to address inflation which, among other factors, has led to markets to experiencing high volatility. A significant increase in interest rates may cause a further decline in the market for equity securities and could lead to a recession. Further, regulators have expressed concern that rate increases may contribute to price volatility. The impact of inflation and the recent actions of the Federal Reserve have led to market volatility and may negatively affect the value of debt instruments held by the Trust and result in a negative impact on the Trust’s performance. See “Risks—Inflation Risk.”

In addition, the current contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events in the United States and abroad, such as presidential elections in the United States or the U.S. government’s inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, has in the past resulted, and may in the future result, in adverse consequences (including a government shutdown) to the U.S. regulatory landscape, the general market environment and/or investment sentiment, which could negatively impact the Trust’s investments and operations. Such adverse consequences may affect investor and/or consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, potentially to a significant degree. In recent years, some countries, including the United States, have adopted and/or are considering the adoption of more protectionist trade policies. A rise in protectionist trade policies, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time. In addition, geopolitical and other risks, including environmental and public health, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Trust invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic, political and/or financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Trust’s investments may be negatively affected by such events.

An outbreak of an infectious coronavirus (COVID-19) that was first detected in December 2019 developed into a global pandemic that has resulted in numerous disruptions in the market and has had significant economic impact

 

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leaving general concern and uncertainty. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty.The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect the economies of many nations, individual companies and the market in general ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.

Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk

The occurrence of events similar to those in recent years, such as the aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East, new and ongoing epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases and other global health events, natural/environmental disasters, terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, social and political discord, debt crises (such as the Greek crisis), sovereign debt downgrades, increasingly strained relations between the United States and a number of foreign countries, including historical adversaries, such as North Korea, Iran, China and Russia, and the international community generally, new and continued political unrest in various countries, such as Venezuela and Spain, the exit or potential exit of one or more countries from the EU or the EMU, continued changes in the balance of political power among and within the branches of the U.S. government, among others, may result in market volatility, may have long term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets, and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide.

Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and resulting future market disruptions, including declines in its stock markets and the value of the ruble against the U.S. dollar, in the region are impossible to predict, but could be significant. Any such disruptions caused by Russian military action or other actions (including cyberattacks and espionage) or resulting actual and threatened responses to such activity, including purchasing and financing restrictions, boycotts or changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, sanctions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Russian government, Russian companies or Russian individuals, including politicians, could have a severe adverse effect on Russia and the European region, including significant negative impacts on the Russian economy, the European economy and the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas, and may likely have collateral impacts on such sectors globally as well as other sectors. How long such military action and related events will last cannot be predicted.

China and the United States have each imposed tariffs on the other country’s products. These actions may cause a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry, which could have a negative impact on the Trust’s performance. U.S. companies that source material and goods from China and those that make large amounts of sales in China would be particularly vulnerable to an escalation of trade tensions. Uncertainty regarding the outcome of the trade tensions and the potential for a trade war could cause the U.S. dollar to decline against safe haven currencies, such as the Japanese yen and the euro. Events such as these and their consequences are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”). The UK and EU reached a preliminary trade agreement, which became effective on January 1, 2021, regarding the terms of their future trading relationship relating principally to the trading of goods; however, negotiations are ongoing for matters not covered by the agreement, such as the trade of financial services. Due to uncertainty of the current political environment, it is not possible to foresee the form or nature of the future trading relationship between the UK and the EU. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the UK and the EU remains unclear and the ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the UK and in wider European markets may continue for some time. In particular, Brexit may lead to a call for similar referendums in other European jurisdictions which may cause increased economic volatility in the European and global markets and may destabilize some or all of the other EU member countries. This uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the economy generally and on the ability of the Trust and its investments to execute their respective strategies, to receive attractive returns and/or to exit certain investments at an advantageous time or price. In particular, currency volatility may mean that the returns of the Trust and its investments are adversely affected by market movements and may make it more difficult, or more expensive, if the Trust elects to execute currency hedges. Potential decline in the value of the British Pound and/or the Euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the UK’s sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of portfolio companies or investments located in the UK or Europe. In light of the above, no definitive assessment can currently be made regarding the impact that Brexit will have on the Trust, its investments or its organization more generally.

 

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Cybersecurity incidents affecting particular companies or industries may adversely affect the economies of particular countries, regions or parts of the world in which the Trust invests.

The occurrence of any of these above events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Trust’s portfolio. The Trust does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by similar events and cannot predict the effects of similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. There can be no assurance that similar events and other market disruptions will not have other material and adverse implications.

Regulation and Government Intervention Risk

Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the issuers in which the Trust invests in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Trust is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives.

In light of popular, political and judicial focus on finance related consumer protection, financial institution practices are subject to greater scrutiny and criticism generally. In the case of transactions between financial institutions and the general public, there may be a greater tendency toward strict interpretation of terms and legal rights in favor of the consuming public, particularly where there is a real or perceived disparity in risk allocation and/or where consumers are perceived as not having had an opportunity to exercise informed consent to the transaction. In the event of conflicting interests between retail investors holding common shares of a closed-end investment company such as the Trust and a large financial institution, a court may similarly seek to strictly interpret terms and legal rights in favor of retail investors.

The Trust may be affected by governmental action in ways that are not foreseeable, and there is a possibility that such actions could have a significant adverse effect on the Trust and its ability to achieve its investment objectives.

Investment Company Act Regulations. The Trust is a registered closed-end management investment company and as such is subject to regulations under the Investment Company Act. Generally speaking, any contract or provision thereof that is made, or where performance involves a violation of the Investment Company Act or any rule or regulation thereunder is unenforceable by either party unless a court finds otherwise.

Regulation as a “Commodity Pool”

The CFTC subjects advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund that is advised by the investment adviser either (i) invests, directly or indirectly, more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or (ii) markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent the Trust uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, the Advisor has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. The Advisor is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of the Trust.

Failures of Futures Commission Merchants and Clearing Organizations Risk

The Trust is required to deposit funds to margin open positions in cleared derivative instruments (both futures and swaps) with a clearing broker registered as a “futures commission merchant” (“FCM”). The CEA requires an FCM to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of U.S. domestic futures contracts and cleared swaps from the FCM’s proprietary assets. Similarly, the CEA requires each FCM to hold in a separate secure account all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of foreign futures contracts and segregate any such funds from the funds received with respect to domestic futures contracts. However, all funds and other property received by an FCM from its customers are held by an FCM on a commingled basis in an omnibus account and amounts in excess of assets posted to the clearing organization may be invested by an FCM in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulation. There is a risk that assets deposited by the

 

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Trust with any FCM as margin for futures contracts or commodity options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Trust’s FCM. In addition, the assets of the Trust posted as margin against both swaps and futures contracts may not be fully protected in the event of the FCM’s bankruptcy.

Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks

Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may have material adverse effects on the Trust.

To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to RICs, the Trust must, among other things, derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from certain prescribed sources and distribute for each taxable year at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (generally, ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss). If for any taxable year the Trust does not qualify as a RIC, all of its taxable income for that year (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Trust’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.

The Biden presidential administration has called for significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels. Recent events have created a climate of heightened uncertainty and introduced new and difficult-to-quantify macroeconomic and political risks with potentially far-reaching implications. There has been a corresponding meaningful increase in the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, trade volumes and fiscal and monetary policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the current presidential administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. Although the Trust cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to the Trust’s business, they could adversely affect the Trust’s business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Until the Trust knows what policy changes are made and how those changes impact the Trust’s business and the business of the Trust’s competitors over the long term, the Trust will not know if, overall, the Trust will benefit from them or be negatively affected by them.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Revisions in U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations of these laws could adversely affect the tax consequences of your investment.

Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Advisor and Others

The investment activities of BlackRock, the ultimate parent company of the Advisor, and its Affiliates in the management of, or their interest in, their own accounts and other accounts they manage, may present conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Trust and its shareholders. BlackRock and its Affiliates provide investment management services to other funds and discretionary managed accounts that may follow investment programs similar to that of the Trust. Subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act, BlackRock and its Affiliates intend to engage in such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for their services. None of BlackRock or its Affiliates are under any obligation to share any investment opportunity, idea or strategy with the Trust. As a result, BlackRock and its Affiliates may compete with the Trust for appropriate investment opportunities. The results of the Trust’s investment activities, therefore, may differ from those of an Affiliate or another account managed by an Affiliate and it is possible that the Trust could sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliates and other accounts achieve profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to address potential conflicts of interest. For additional information about potential conflicts of interest and the way in which BlackRock addresses such conflicts, please see “Conflicts of Interest” and “Management of the Trust—Portfolio Management—Potential Material Conflicts of Interest” in the SAI.

Decision-Making Authority Risk

Investors have no authority to make decisions or to exercise business discretion on behalf of the Trust, except as set forth in the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and its Amended and Restated Bylaws (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as its “governing documents”). The authority for all such decisions is generally delegated to the Board, which in turn, has delegated the day-to-day management of the Trust’s investment activities to the Advisor, subject to oversight by the Board.

 

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Management Risk

The Trust is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Advisor and the individual portfolio managers will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Trust, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. The Trust may be subject to a relatively high level of management risk because the Trust may invest in derivative instruments, which may be highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with equities and bonds.

Market and Selection Risk

Market risk is the possibility that the market values of securities and other assets owned by the Trust will decline. There is a risk that equity and/or bond markets will go down in value, including the possibility that such markets will go down sharply and unpredictably.

Stock markets are volatile, and the price of equity securities fluctuates based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issue, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Trust and its investments. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular common stock held by the Trust. Also, the price of common stocks is sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks to which the Trust has exposure. Common stock prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur.

The prices of fixed-income securities tend to fall as interest rates rise, and such declines tend to be greater among fixed-income securities with longer maturities. Market risk is often greater among certain types of fixed-income securities, such as zero coupon bonds that do not make regular interest payments but are instead bought at a discount to their face values and paid in full upon maturity. As interest rates change, these securities often fluctuate more in price than securities that make regular interest payments and therefore subject the Trust to greater market risk than a fund that does not own these types of securities.

When-issued and delayed delivery transactions are subject to changes in market conditions from the time of the commitment until settlement, which may adversely affect the prices or yields of the securities being purchased. The greater the Trust’s outstanding commitments for these securities, the greater the Trust’s exposure to market price fluctuations.

Selection risk is the risk that the securities that the Trust’s management selects will underperform the equity and/or bond market, the market relevant indices or other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies.

Reliance on the Advisor Risk

The Trust is dependent upon services and resources provided by the Advisor, and therefore the Advisor’s parent, BlackRock. The Advisor is not required to devote its full time to the business of the Trust and there is no guarantee or requirement that any investment professional or other employee of the Advisor will allocate a substantial portion of his or her time to the Trust. The loss of one or more individuals involved with the Advisor could have a material adverse effect on the performance or the continued operation of the Trust. For additional information on the Advisor and BlackRock, see “Management of the Trust—Investment Advisor.”

Reliance on Service Providers Risk

The Trust must rely upon the performance of service providers to perform certain functions, which may include functions that are integral to the Trust’s operations and financial performance. Failure by any service provider to carry out its obligations to the Trust in accordance with the terms of its appointment, to exercise due care and skill or to

 

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perform its obligations to the Trust at all as a result of insolvency, bankruptcy or other causes could have a material adverse effect on the Trust’s performance and returns to shareholders. The termination of the Trust’s relationship with any service provider, or any delay in appointing a replacement for such service provider, could materially disrupt the business of the Trust and could have a material adverse effect on the Trust’s performance and returns to shareholders.

Information Technology Systems Risk

The Trust is dependent on the Advisor for certain management services as well as back-office functions. The Advisor depends on information technology systems in order to assess investment opportunities, strategies and markets and to monitor and control risks for the Trust. It is possible that a failure of some kind which causes disruptions to these information technology systems could materially limit the Advisor’s ability to adequately assess and adjust investments, formulate strategies and provide adequate risk control. Any such information technology-related difficulty could harm the performance of the Trust. Further, failure of the back-office functions of the Advisor to process trades in a timely fashion could prejudice the investment performance of the Trust.

Cyber Security Risk

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Trust is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures by or breaches of the Advisor and other service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents and administrators), and the issuers of securities in which the Trust invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Trust’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Trust has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Trust cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Trust and issuers in which the Trust invests. As a result, the Trust or its shareholders could be negatively impacted.

Misconduct of Employees and of Service Providers Risk

Misconduct or misrepresentations by employees of the Advisor or the Trust’s service providers could cause significant losses to the Trust. Employee misconduct may include binding the Trust to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks and unauthorized trading activities, concealing unsuccessful trading activities (which, in any case, may result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses) or making misrepresentations regarding any of the foregoing. Losses could also result from actions by the Trust’s service providers, including, without limitation, failing to recognize trades and misappropriating assets. In addition, employees and service providers may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Trust’s business prospects or future marketing activities. Despite the Advisor’s due diligence efforts, misconduct and intentional misrepresentations may be undetected or not fully comprehended, thereby potentially undermining the Advisor’s due diligence efforts. As a result, no assurances can be given that the due diligence performed by the Advisor will identify or prevent any such misconduct.

Portfolio Turnover Risk

The Trust’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Trust. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Trust. High portfolio turnover may result in an increased realization of net short-term capital gains by the Trust which, when distributed to common shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. Additionally, in a declining market, portfolio turnover may create realized capital losses.

 

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Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk

The Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Amended and Restated Bylaws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Trust or convert the Trust to open-end status or to change the composition of the Board. Such provisions could limit the ability of shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Trust. See “Certain Provisions in the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Amended and Restated Bylaws.”

HOW THE TRUST MANAGES RISK

Investment Limitations

The Trust has adopted certain investment limitations designed to limit investment risk. Some of these limitations are fundamental and thus may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities. See “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investment Restrictions” in the SAI for a complete list of the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies of the Trust.

The restrictions and other limitations set forth throughout this prospectus and in the SAI apply only at the time of purchase of securities and will not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of the acquisition of securities.

Management of Investment Portfolio and Capital Structure to Limit Leverage Risk

The Trust may take certain actions if short-term interest rates increase or market conditions otherwise change (or the Trust anticipates such an increase or change) and the Trust’s leverage begins (or is expected) to adversely affect common shareholders. In order to attempt to offset such a negative impact of leverage on common shareholders, the Trust may shorten the average maturity of its investment portfolio (by investing in short-term securities) or may reduce its indebtedness or may exercise its right to call securities held in a TOBs issuer pursuant to the terms of TOB Residuals it holds. As explained above under “Risks—Leverage Risk,” the success of any such attempt to limit leverage risk depends on the Advisor’s ability to accurately predict interest rate or other market changes. Because of the difficulty of making such predictions, the Trust may never attempt to manage its capital structure in the manner described in this paragraph.

If market conditions suggest that employing additional leverage would be beneficial, the Trust may enter into one or more credit facilities, increase any existing credit facilities, sell preferred shares (in addition to those anticipated to be issued within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of common shares) or engage in additional leverage transactions, such as investments in TOB Residuals, subject to the restrictions of the Investment Company Act.

Strategic Transactions

The Trust may use various investment strategies designed to limit the risk of municipal security price fluctuations and to preserve capital. These hedging strategies include using financial futures contracts, options on financial futures or options based on either an index of long-term municipal securities or on taxable debt securities whose prices, in the opinion of the Advisor, correlate with the prices of the Trust’s investments. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies would generate taxable income and the Trust has no present intention to use these strategies.

 

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MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

Trustees and Officers

The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including supervision of the duties performed by the Advisor. There are 10 Trustees. A majority of the Trustees are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust (“Independent Trustees”).

The name and business address of the Trustees and officers of the Trust and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under “Management of the Trust” in the SAI.

Ms. Catherine A. Lynch may be considered an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust as a result of her ownership of securities of one or more of the Trust’s underwriters in connection with the Trust’s initial public offering. Ms. Lynch will cease to be an “interested person” of the Trust once such underwriters are no longer principal underwriters of the Trust, which is expected to occur upon the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering.

Investment Advisor

The Advisor is responsible for the management of the Trust’s portfolio and provides the necessary personnel, facilities, equipment and certain other services necessary to the operation of the Trust. The Advisor, located at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, is wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock.

BlackRock is one of the world’s largest publicly-traded investment management firms. As of June 30, 2022, BlackRock’s assets under management were approximately $8.487 trillion. BlackRock has over 30 years of experience managing closed-end products and, as of June 30, 2022, advised a registered closed-end family of 50 exchange-listed active funds with approximately $37 billion in assets.

BlackRock is independent in ownership and governance, with no single majority shareholder and a majority of independent directors.

Investment Philosophy

BlackRock’s investment decision-making process for the municipal security sector is subject to the same discipline, oversight and investment philosophy that the firm applies to other sectors of the fixed income market.

BlackRock uses a relative value strategy that evaluates the trade-off between risk and return to seek to achieve the Trust’s investment objectives. This strategy is combined with disciplined risk control techniques and applied in sector, sub-sector and individual security selection decisions. BlackRock’s extensive personnel and technology resources are the key drivers of the investment philosophy.

Portfolio Managers

The members of the portfolio management team who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Trust’s portfolio are as follows:

Phillip Soccio, CFA, Director, is a Portfolio Manager for the Municipal Fixed Income business in BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group.

Prior to assuming his current role in 2007, Mr. Soccio was a member of BlackRock’s Cash Management Group, where he was responsible for managing various tax-exempt money market funds. From 1998 to 2000, he was a member of BlackRock’s Account Management Group responsible for institutional client service and marketing support. Mr. Soccio began his career at BlackRock in 1998.

Mr. Soccio earned a BS degree in finance from Wilmington University.

Christian Romaglino CFA, Director, is a Portfolio Manager for the Municipal Fixed Income business within BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group.

 

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Prior to joining BlackRock in 2017, Mr. Romaglino was a Portfolio Manager at Brown Brothers Harriman focusing on a diverse set of institutional mandates and high net worth SMAs. Mr. Romaglino also held various trading and portfolio construction positions at Brown Brothers Harriman across several taxable fixed income sectors prior to 2010 when he transitioned to Municipals.

Mr. Romaglino earned a BS degree in Industrial Engineering from Lehigh University.

The SAI provides additional information about other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, compensation paid to the portfolio managers and ownership of the Trust’s securities by the portfolio managers.

Investment Management Agreement

Pursuant to an investment management agreement between the Advisor and the Trust (the “Investment Management Agreement”), the Trust has agreed to pay the Advisor a monthly management fee at an annual rate equal to 0.55% of the average daily value of the Trust’s Managed Assets.

“Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Trust, (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Trust’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes). This means that during periods in which the Trust is using leverage, the fee paid to the Advisor will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage because the fee is calculated as a percentage of the Trust’s Managed Assets, which include those assets purchased with leverage.

A discussion regarding the basis for the approval of the Investment Management Agreement by the Board will be available in the Trust’s semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ending January 31, 2023.

Except as otherwise described in this prospectus, the Trust pays, in addition to the fees paid to the Advisor, all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its Trustees (other than those affiliated with the Advisor), custodian, leveraging expenses, transfer and dividend disbursing agent expenses, legal fees, rating agency fees, listing fees and expenses, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies and taxes, if any.

The Trust and the Advisor have entered into the Fee Waiver Agreement, pursuant to which the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive the management fee with respect to any portion of the Trust’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Advisor or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2024. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fees by the amount of investment advisory fees the Trust pays to the Advisor indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Advisor or its affiliates, through June 30, 2024. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be continued from year to year thereafter, provided that such continuance is specifically approved by the Advisor and the Trust (including by a majority of the Trust’s Independent Trustees). Neither the Advisor nor the Trust is obligated to extend the Fee Waiver Agreement. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by the Trust (upon the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust), upon 90 days’ written notice by the Trust to the Advisor.

NET ASSET VALUE

The NAV of the Trust’s common shares will be computed based upon the value of the Trust’s portfolio securities and other assets. NAV per common share will be determined as of the close of the regular trading session on the NYSE on each business day on which the NYSE is open for trading. The Trust calculates NAV per common share by subtracting the Trust’s liabilities (including accrued expenses, dividends payable and any borrowings of the Trust), and the liquidation value of any outstanding Trust preferred shares from the Trust’s total assets (the value of the securities the Trust holds plus cash or other assets, including interest accrued but not yet received) and dividing the result by the total number of common shares of the Trust outstanding.

 

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Valuation of securities held by the Trust is as follows:

Fixed-Income Investments. Fixed-income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ current market value. The Trust values fixed-income portfolio securities using the last available bid prices or current market quotations provided by dealers or prices (including evaluated prices) supplied by the Trust’s approved independent third-party pricing services, each in accordance with the policies and procedures approved by the Trust’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”). The pricing services may use matrix pricing or valuation models that utilize certain inputs and assumptions to derive values, including transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids and offers), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of: yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; general market conditions; and/or other factors and assumptions. Pricing services generally value fixed-income securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size, but the Trust may hold or transact in such securities in smaller, odd lot sizes. Odd lots often trade at lower prices than institutional round lots. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with 60 days or less remaining to maturity unless such method does not represent fair value. Certain fixed-income investments including asset-backed and mortgage related securities may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the issuer, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche.

Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by the Trust on a day on which the Trust values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no bid or ask price is available on a day on which the Trust values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless the Advisor determines that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a fair value asset. OTC derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their last sale price or settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.

Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), on separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (each, an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services generally at the Exchange closing price or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which the assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by the Trust on a day on which the Trust values such security, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such security. If the Trust holds both long and short positions in the same security, the last bid price will be applied to securities held long and the last ask price will be applied to securities sold short. If no bid or ask price is available on a day on which the Trust values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless the Advisor determines that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).

Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying open-end funds are valued at NAV. Shares of underlying exchange-traded closed-end funds or other ETFs will be valued at their most recent closing price.

General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, the Trust may employ independent third party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the assets being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on the Trust’s books at their face value. The price the Trust could receive upon the sale of any particular portfolio investment may differ from the Trust’s valuation of the investment, particularly for assets that trade in thin or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair valuation methodology or a price provided by an independent pricing service. As a result, the price received upon the sale of an investment may be less than the value ascribed by the Trust, and the Trust could realize a greater than expected loss or lesser than expected gain upon the sale of the investment. The Trust’s ability to value its investment may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers.

 

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All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on the Trust’s books at their fair value.

Prices obtained from independent third party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value the Trust’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time the Trust values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Trust valued such security, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.

In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by the Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by the Trust (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or BlackRock’s Valuation Committee (the “Valuation Committee”) (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing market rates.

Certain of the securities acquired by the Trust may be traded on foreign exchanges or OTC markets on days on which the Trust’s NAV is not calculated and common shares are not traded. In such cases, the NAV of the Trust’s common shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor sell shares of the Trust.

Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed by the Advisor to be unreliable, the Trust’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by the Advisor in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. The Advisor may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its complete lack of trading, if the Advisor believes a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if the Advisor determines, in its business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing the Trust’s assets or liabilities, that it is likely that the event will cause a material change to the last exchange closing price or closing market price of one or more assets or liabilities held by the Trust. On any day the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that the Advisor is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset. For certain foreign assets, a third-party vendor supplies evaluated, systematic fair value pricing based upon the movement of a proprietary multi-factor model after the relevant foreign markets have closed. This systematic fair value pricing methodology is designed to correlate the prices of foreign assets following the close of the local markets to the price that might have prevailed as of the Trust’s pricing time.

The Advisor, with input from portfolio management, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to the Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, the Trust’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of the Advisor, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities of the Trust. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to the Board or a Committee thereof.

When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the Valuation Committee shall seek to determine the price that the Trust might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the asset or liability is being valued and does not seek to determine the price the Trust might reasonably expect to receive for selling an asset or liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the BlackRock Valuation Committee deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by the Advisor using proprietary or third party valuation models.

 

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Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining the fair value of an investment, one or more fair value methodologies may be used (depending on certain factors, including the asset type). For example, the investment may be initially priced based on the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models that may rely upon one or more unobservable inputs. Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant investment (or comparable instruments) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third-party experienced in the valuation of similar instruments, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an investment.

The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Trust’s NAV. As a result, the Trust’s sale or repurchase of its shares at NAV, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.

The Trust’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements.

Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to investment companies and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect the Trust. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to the Trust’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value. The SEC recently adopted new Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act, which will establish an updated regulatory framework for registered investment company valuation practices and may impact the Trust’s valuation policies. The Trust will not be required to comply with the new rule until September 8, 2022.

DISTRIBUTIONS

Commencing with the Trust’s initial distribution, the Trust intends to distribute to holders of its common shares monthly dividends of all or a portion of its tax-exempt interest income after payment of dividends on any preferred shares of the Trust which may be outstanding. It is expected that the initial monthly dividend on shares of the Trust’s common shares will be declared approximately 60 to 90 days and paid approximately 90 to 120 days after completion of this offering, depending on market conditions. The Trust expects that all or a portion of any capital gain and other taxable income will be distributed at least annually.

The Trust currently intends to retain, until the final liquidating distribution, a portion of its net investment income, but continue to maintain its status as a RIC for federal income tax purposes. For federal income tax purposes, the Trust will be required to distribute substantially all of its net investment income for each tax year. The Trust expects that all or a portion of net capital gain, if any, will be distributed at least annually. The Trust will attempt to retain over time sufficient net investment income to cause the Trust’s net asset value on or about September 30, 2037 to be $25.00 per share, which may result in reductions in the distributions paid to common shareholders over the life of the Trust. Net asset value will fluctuate over time, but if the Trust does not incur any capital losses that are not offset, for federal income tax purposes, by capital gains, the Advisor anticipate that through the retention of net investment income, the Trust’s net asset value will be at least $25.00 per share on or about September 30, 2037.

Various factors will affect the level of the Trust’s income, including the asset mix, the amount of leverage utilized by the Trust and the effects thereof and the Trust’s use of hedging. To permit the Trust to maintain a more stable monthly distribution or to facilitate the Trust’s attempt to retain over time sufficient net investment income to cause the Trust’s net asset value to be at least $25.00 per share on or about September 30, 2037, the Trust may from time to time distribute less than the entire amount of tax-exempt interest income earned in a particular period. The undistributed tax-exempt interest income would be available to supplement future distributions. As a result, the distributions paid by the Trust for any particular monthly period may be more or less than the amount of tax-exempt interest income actually earned by the Trust during the period. Undistributed tax-exempt interest income will add to the Trust’s net asset value and, correspondingly, distributions from undistributed tax-exempt interest income will deduct from the

 

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Trust’s net asset value. The Trust’s income and distributions may decline over the term of the Trust as the dollar weighted average maturity of the Trust’s portfolio securities shorten. The likelihood of this risk may increase as the Trust approaches its term. The Trust expects that a final liquidating distribution will be made to shareholders on or before the termination of the Trust.

Shareholders will automatically have all dividends and distributions reinvested in common shares of the Trust issued by the Trust or purchased in the open market in accordance with the Trust’s dividend reinvestment plan unless an election is made to receive cash. However, some shareholders may buy shares through brokers that do not participate in the Trust’s dividend reinvestment plan. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

Unless the registered owner of common shares elects to receive cash by contacting Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”), all dividends or other distributions (together, a “dividend”) declared for your common shares of the Trust will be automatically reinvested by the Reinvestment Plan Agent, as agent for shareholders in administering the Trust’s dividend reinvestment plan (the “Reinvestment Plan”), in additional common shares of the Trust. Shareholders who elect not to participate in the Reinvestment Plan will receive all dividends in cash paid by check mailed directly to the shareholder of record (or, if the common shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee) by the Reinvestment Plan Agent. You may elect not to participate in the Reinvestment Plan and to receive all dividends in cash by contacting the Reinvestment Plan Agent at the address set forth below. Participation in the Reinvestment Plan is completely voluntary and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by telephonic, internet or written notice if received and processed by the Reinvestment Plan Agent prior to the dividend record date. Additionally, the Reinvestment Plan Agent seeks to process notices received after the record date but prior to the payable date and such notices often will become effective by the payable date. Where late notices are not processed by the applicable payable date, such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend.

Some brokers may automatically elect to receive cash on your behalf and may re-invest that cash in additional common shares of the Trust for you. If you wish for all dividends declared on your common shares of the Trust to be automatically reinvested pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan, please contact your broker.

The Reinvestment Plan Agent will open an account for each common shareholder under the Reinvestment Plan in the same name in which such common shareholder’s common shares are registered. Whenever the Trust declares a dividend payable in cash, non-participants in the Reinvestment Plan will receive cash and participants in the Reinvestment Plan will receive the equivalent in common shares. The common shares will be acquired by the Reinvestment Plan Agent for the participants’ accounts, depending upon the circumstances described below, either (i) through receipt of additional unissued but authorized common shares from the Trust (“newly issued common shares”) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding common shares on the open market (“open-market purchases”). If, on the dividend payment date, the NAV is equal to or less than the market price per share plus estimated per share fees (such condition often referred to as a “market premium”), the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in newly issued common shares on behalf of the participants. The number of newly issued common shares to be credited to each participant’s account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the dividend by the NAV on the dividend payment date. However, if the NAV is less than 95% of the market price on the dividend payment date, the dollar amount of the dividend will be divided by 95% of the market price on the dividend payment date. If, on the dividend payment date, the NAV is greater than the market price per share plus estimated per share fees (such condition often referred to as a “market discount”), the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in common shares acquired on behalf of the participants in open-market purchases. In the event of a market discount on the dividend payment date, the Reinvestment Plan Agent will have until the last business day before the next date on which the common shares trade on an “ex-dividend” basis or 30 days after the dividend payment date, whichever is sooner, to invest the dividend amount in common shares acquired in open-market purchases. It is contemplated that the Trust will pay monthly income dividends. If, before the Reinvestment Plan Agent has completed its open-market purchases, the market price per common share exceeds the NAV per common share, the average per common share purchase price paid by the Reinvestment Plan Agent may exceed the NAV of the common shares, resulting in the acquisition of fewer common shares than if the dividend had been paid in newly issued common shares on the dividend payment date. Because of the foregoing difficulty with respect to open-market purchases, the Reinvestment Plan provides that if the Reinvestment Plan Agent is unable to invest the full dividend amount in open-market purchases,

 

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or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Reinvestment Plan Agent may cease making open-market purchases and may invest any uninvested portion in newly issued shares. Investments in newly issued shares made in this manner would be made pursuant to the same process described above and the date of issue for such newly issued shares will substitute for the dividend payment date.

The Reinvestment Plan Agent maintains all shareholders’ accounts in the Reinvestment Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by shareholders for tax records. Common shares in the account of each Reinvestment Plan participant will be held by the Reinvestment Plan Agent on behalf of the Reinvestment Plan participant, and each shareholder proxy will include those shares purchased or received pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan.

In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees, which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Reinvestment Plan Agent will administer the Reinvestment Plan on the basis of the number of common shares certified from time to time by the record shareholder’s name and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Reinvestment Plan.

The Reinvestment Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by the Trust. However, each participant will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. The automatic reinvestment of dividends will not relieve participants of any U.S. federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividends. See “Tax Matters.”

Participants that request a sale of shares through the Reinvestment Plan Agent are subject to a $2.50 sales fee and a $0.15 per share fee. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.

The Trust reserves the right to amend or terminate the Reinvestment Plan. There is no direct service charge to participants with regard to purchases in the Reinvestment Plan; however, the Trust reserves the right to amend the Reinvestment Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Notice of amendments to the Reinvestment Plan will be sent to participants.

All correspondence concerning the Reinvestment Plan should be directed to the Reinvestment Plan Agent, through the internet at https://www.computershare.com/investor, or in writing to Computershare at P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, KY 40233-5000, Telephone: (800) 699-1236. Overnight correspondence should be directed to the Reinvestment Plan Agent at Computershare, 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

Common Shares

The Trust is a statutory trust organized under the laws of Maryland pursuant to a Certificate of Trust, dated as of November 16, 2020, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Trust. The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share. Each common share has one vote and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of this offering, will be fully paid and, under the Maryland Statutory Trust Act, the purchasers of the common shares will have no obligation to make further payments for the purchase of the common shares or contributions to the Trust solely by reason of their ownership of the common shares, except that the Board of Trustees shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause shareholders to pay certain expenses of the Trust by setting off charges due from shareholders from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed the shareholders and/or by reducing the number of common shares owned by each respective shareholder. If and whenever preferred shares are outstanding, the holders of common shares will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Trust unless all accrued dividends on preferred shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the Investment Company Act) with respect to preferred shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions and unless certain other requirements imposed by any rating agencies rating the preferred shares have been met. See “Description of Shares—Preferred Shares” in the SAI. All common shares are equal as to dividends, assets and voting privileges and have no conversion, appraisal, preemptive or other subscription rights. The Trust will send annual and semi-annual reports, including financial statements, to all holders of its shares.

 

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Within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to use leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. The Trust has no present intention of offering any additional shares. Any additional offerings of shares, including preferred shares, will require approval by the Board. Any additional offering of common shares will be subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act, which provides that shares may not be issued at a price below the then current NAV, exclusive of sales load, except in connection with an offering to existing holders of common shares or with the consent of a majority of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities.

The Trust’s common shares are expected to be approved for listing on the NYSE, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “BMN.”

The Advisor has agreed to pay all of the Trust’s organizational expenses and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Trust is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Advisor.

Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Trust do not continuously offer shares and do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional common shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may do so by trading through a broker on the NYSE or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than NAV. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Trust have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and during other periods have traded at prices lower than NAV. Because the market value of the common shares may be influenced by such factors as dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), call protection on its portfolio securities, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, the Trust’s NAV, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, market sentiment and other factors beyond the control of the Trust, the Trust cannot assure you that common shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than NAV in the future. The common shares are designed primarily for long-term investors and you should not purchase the common shares if you intend to sell them soon after purchase. See “Repurchase of Common Shares” below and “Repurchase of Common Shares” in the SAI.

Preferred Shares

The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may authorize and cause the Trust to issue preferred shares, with rights as determined by the Board, by action of the Board without the approval of the Trust’s shareholders, subject to the Investment Company Act and the Trusts fundamental investment policies. Holders of common shares have no preemptive right to purchase any preferred shares that might be issued. Within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to use leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares.

Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Trust’s total assets is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (i.e., the liquidation value may not exceed 50% of the Trust’s total assets). In addition, the Investment Company Act does not permit the Trust to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Trust’s total assets is at least 200% of such liquidation value. If the Trust issues preferred shares, it may be subject to restrictions imposed by the guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for preferred shares issued by the Trust. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Trust by the Investment Company Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines would impede the Advisor from managing the Trust’s portfolio in accordance with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies. Please see “Description of Shares” in the SAI for more information.

CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST AND THE AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Amended and Restated Bylaws include provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Trust or to change the composition of the Board. This could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain

 

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control over the Trust. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Trust and disrupting the normal operation of the Trust. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the number of Trustees serving on the Board is determined by a majority of the Trustees, and if there are three or more Trustees, then the Board is divided into three classes. At each annual meeting of shareholders the term of only one class of Trustees expires and only the Trustees in that one class stand for re-election. Trustees standing for election at an annual meeting of shareholders are elected to serve until the third annual meeting of shareholders following their election and when their successors are duly elected and qualify. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. A Trustee may be removed from office with or without cause, and only by the action of a majority of the remaining Trustees or a vote of the holders of at least 75% of the shares then entitled to vote for the election of the respective Trustee.

In addition, the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires the favorable vote of a majority of the Board followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of each affected class or series of the Trust, voting separately as a class or series, to approve, adopt or authorize certain transactions when a Principal Shareholder (as further defined herein) is a party to the transaction, unless at least 80% of the Trustees have approved a memorandum of understanding with such Principal Shareholder, in which case “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust shall be required. These voting requirements are in addition to any regulatory relief required from the SEC with respect to such transaction. For purposes of these provisions, “Principal Shareholder” refers to any person who, whether directly or indirectly and whether alone or together with its affiliates and associates, beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of all outstanding classes or series of shares of beneficial interest of the Trust. The transactions subject to these special approval requirements are:

 

   

the merger or consolidation of the Trust or any subsidiary of the Trust with or into any Principal Shareholder;

 

   

the issuance of any securities of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than (x) pursuant to any automatic dividend reinvestment plan, (y) prior to the Trust’s initial public offering or (z) in connection with any public offering of the Trust’s securities);

 

   

the sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder, except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than 2% of the total assets of the Trust, aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period; or

 

   

the sale, lease or exchange to the Trust or any subsidiary of the Trust, in exchange for securities of the Trust, of any assets of any Principal Shareholder, except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than 2% of the total assets of the Trust, aggregating for purposes of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period.

Conversion of the Trust to an open-end investment company would require an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, and which amendment would require the favorable vote of a majority of the Board followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of each affected class or series of shares of the Trust, voting separately as a class or series, unless such conversion has been approved by at least 80% of the Trustees, in which case “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust shall be required. The foregoing vote would satisfy a separate requirement in the Investment Company Act that any conversion of the Trust to an open-end investment company be approved by the shareholders. If approved in the foregoing manner, we anticipate conversion of the Trust to an open-end investment company might not occur until 90 days after the shareholders’ meeting at which such conversion was approved and would also require at least 10 days’ prior notice to all shareholders. In determining whether to propose a conversion, the Board would consider all relevant facts and circumstances existing at the time, which may include, among other things, shareholder feedback, the composition of the Trust’s portfolio and economic and market conditions.Conversion of the Trust to an open-end investment company would require the redemption of any outstanding preferred shares, which could eliminate or alter the leveraged capital structure of the Trust with respect to the common shares. Following any such conversion, it is also possible that certain of the Trust’s investment policies and strategies would have to be modified to assure sufficient portfolio liquidity, including in order to comply with Rule 22e-4 under the Investment Company Act. In the event of conversion, the common shares would cease to be

 

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listed on the NYSE or other national securities exchanges or market systems. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time, except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the Investment Company Act, at their NAV, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of a redemption. The Trust expects to pay all such redemption requests in cash, but reserves the right to pay redemption requests in a combination of cash or securities. If such partial payment in securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in converting such securities to cash. If the Trust were converted to an open-end fund, it is likely that new shares would be sold at NAV plus a sales load. The Board believes, however, that the closed-end structure is desirable in light of the Trust’s investment objectives and policies. Therefore, you should assume that it is not likely that the Board would vote to convert the Trust to an open-end fund.

To terminate the Trust prior to September 30, 2037, the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires the favorable vote of at least 80% of Trustees. An extension of the Trust’s termination date beyond September 30, 2037 would require that a majority of the Trust’s Board and 75% of the outstanding shares of the Trust approve an amendment to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

For the purposes of calculating “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” under the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each class and series of the Trust shall vote together as a single class, except to the extent required by the Investment Company Act or the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust with respect to any class or series of shares. If a separate vote is required, the applicable proportion of shares of the class or series, voting as a separate class or series, also will be required.

The Board has determined that provisions of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust described above, with respect to the Board and the shareholder voting requirements, which voting requirements are greater than the minimum requirements under Maryland law or the Investment Company Act, are in the best interests of the shareholders generally. Reference should be made to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act (the “MCSAA”) is a provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law applicable to Maryland corporations. Because the Trust is not a corporation, the Trust has provided in its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust that it is subject to the MCSAA to the same extent as if it were a Maryland corporation registered under the Investment Company Act as a closed-end investment company. The MCSAA provides that, subject to certain exceptions, holders of “control shares” acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights with respect to such shares except to the extent approved at a special shareholder meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all disinterested shares entitled to be cast on the matter. “Control shares” are generally defined in the MCSAA as shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock that are either (i) owned by a person or (ii) as to which that person is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power, except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy, would entitle that person, directly or indirectly, to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power in electing directors above various thresholds of voting power starting at 10%. Additionally, the MCSSA permits the redemption of outstanding control shares, except those for which voting rights have been approved under the MCSAA. The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust specifically provides that the Board may exempt from application of the MCSAA certain transactions, either specifically, generally, or by types. The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust also provides that notwithstanding the provisions of the MCSAA to the contrary, the shareholders of the Trust are not entitled to exercise the rights of any objecting shareholder and that the application of the MCSAA to the Trust shall not extend to the voting rights of the holders of any preferred shares (but only with respect to such preferred shares) nor the voting rights of any person acquiring shares in a control share acquisition if, prior to the acquisition, the person obtains approval of the Board exempting the acquisition. Reference should be made to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions. In addition, these provisions remain subject to change or removal from the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

On February 18, 2022, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York granted judgment in favor of a plaintiff’s claim for rescission of a control share provision in the bylaws of certain Nuveen-sponsored closed-end funds that are Massachusetts business trusts and the plaintiff’s declaratory judgment claim, and declared that the funds’ control share bylaw provision violates Section 18(i) of the 1940 Act. The Nuveen-sponsored closed-end funds have appealed the district court’s decision. It is possible that a court could decide that the Nuveen ruling applies to the provision of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust making the Trust subject to the MCSAA.

 

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The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust may only merge or consolidate with another entity, or sell, lease, or exchange all or substantially all of the Trust’s property, upon the approval of two-thirds of the Trustees and approval of “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust.

Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, shareholders waive the right to a jury trial to the fullest extent permitted by law in connection with any suit, action or proceeding brought by or in the right of any shareholder or any person claiming any interest in any shares of the Trust seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of, or in connection with, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, any series or class or any shares of the Trust including any claim of any nature against the Trust, any series or class or the Trustees or officers of the Trust. In addition, other than with respect to any suit, action or proceeding arising under the federal securities laws, any such suit, action or proceeding must be brought exclusively in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division.

The Trust’s Amended and Restated Bylaws generally require that advance notice be given to the Trust in the event a shareholder desires to nominate a person for election to the Board or to transact any other business at an annual meeting of shareholders. Notice of any such nomination or business must be delivered to or received at the principal executive offices of the Trust not less than 120 calendar days nor more than 150 calendar days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual meeting (subject to certain exceptions). Any notice by a shareholder must be accompanied by certain information and comply with other requirements as provided in the Amended and Restated Bylaws. Reference should be made to the Amended and Restated Bylaws on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

The Trust’s governing documents provide that the Board, acting by a majority, has the exclusive power to amend or repeal the Amended and Restated Bylaws (except for any provision thereof specified not to be amended or repealed by the Board), subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act and provided that no such amendment may render the Amended and Restated Bylaws in conflict with the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

CLOSED-END FUND STRUCTURE

The Trust is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history (commonly referred to as a closed-end fund). Closed-end funds differ from open-end funds (which are generally referred to as mutual funds) in that closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a stock exchange and do not redeem their shares at the request of the shareholder. This means that if you wish to sell your shares of a closed-end fund you must trade them on the stock exchange like any other stock at the prevailing market price at that time. In a mutual fund, if the shareholder wishes to sell shares of the fund, the mutual fund will redeem or buy back the shares at NAV. Also, mutual funds generally offer new shares on a continuous basis to new investors and closed-end funds generally do not. The continuous inflows and outflows of assets in a mutual fund can make it difficult to manage the fund’s investments. By comparison, closed-end funds are generally able to stay more fully invested in securities that are consistent with their investment objectives and also have greater flexibility to make certain types of investments and to use certain investment strategies, such as financial leverage and investments in illiquid securities.

Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. Because of this possibility and the recognition that any such discount may not be in the interest of shareholders, the Board might consider from time to time engaging in open-market repurchases, tender offers for shares or other programs intended to reduce the discount. We cannot guarantee or assure, however, that the Board will decide to engage in any of these actions. Nor is there any guarantee or assurance that such actions, if undertaken, would result in the shares trading at a price equal or close to the NAV. See “Repurchase of Common Shares” below and “Repurchase of Common Shares” in the SAI. The Board might also consider converting the Trust to an open-end mutual fund, which would also require a vote of the shareholders of the Trust.

REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES

Shares of closed-end investment companies often trade at a discount to their NAVs and the Trust’s common shares may also trade at a discount to their NAV, although it is possible that they may trade at a premium above NAV. The market price of the Trust’s common shares will be determined by such factors as relative demand for and supply of

 

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such common shares in the market, the Trust’s NAV, general market and economic conditions, market sentiment and other factors beyond the control of the Trust. See “Net Asset Value” and “Description of Shares—Common Shares.” Although the Trust’s common shareholders will not have the right to redeem their common shares, the Trust may take action to repurchase common shares in the open market or make tender offers for its common shares. This may have the effect of reducing any market discount from NAV.

There is no assurance that, if action is undertaken to repurchase or tender for common shares, such action will result in the common shares trading at a price which approximates their NAV. Although share repurchases and tender offers could have a favorable effect on the market price of the Trust’s common shares, you should be aware that the acquisition of common shares by the Trust will decrease the capital of the Trust and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Trust’s expense ratio and decreasing the asset coverage with respect to any borrowings or preferred shares outstanding. Any share repurchases or tender offers will be made in accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Investment Company Act and the principal stock exchange on which the common shares are traded. For additional information, see “Repurchase of Common Shares” in the SAI.

TAX MATTERS

The following discussion is a brief summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Trust and the purchase, ownership and disposition of the Trust’s common shares. A more detailed discussion of the tax rules applicable to the Trust and its common shareholders can be found in the SAI that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Except as otherwise noted, this discussion assumes the investor is a taxable U.S. holder (as defined below) and that the investor holds its common shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, assets held for investment). This discussion is based upon current provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder and judicial and administrative authorities, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations by the courts or the IRS, possibly with retroactive effect. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal tax concerns affecting the Trust and its common shareholders. The discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice and potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers to determine the specific U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences to them of investing in the Trust.

The Trust invests primarily in municipal securities the income of which is exempt from regular federal income tax. Consequently, the regular monthly dividends you receive will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax. A portion of these dividends, however, may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.

Although the Trust does not seek to realize taxable income or capital gains, the Trust may realize and distribute taxable income or capital gains from time to time as a result of the Trust’s normal investment activities. The Trust will distribute at least annually any taxable income or realized capital gains. Distributions of ordinary income and net short-term gains are taxable as ordinary income. Distributions of net long-term capital gains that are properly reported by the Trust are taxable to you as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your common shares. Dividends will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporate shareholders and will generally not qualify for the reduced rate on qualified dividend income.

Each year, you will receive a year-end statement reporting the amounts of tax-exempt dividends, capital gain dividends and ordinary income dividends paid to you during the preceding year, including the source of investment income by state and the portion of income that is subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. You will receive this statement from the firm where you purchased your common shares if you hold your investment in street name; the Trust will send you this statement if you hold your shares in registered form.

The tax status of your dividends is not affected by whether you reinvest your dividends or receive them in cash.

In order to avoid corporate taxation of its taxable income and be permitted to pay tax-exempt dividends, the Trust must elect to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code and meet certain requirements that govern the Trust’s sources of income, diversification of assets and distribution of earnings to shareholders. Although the Trust intends to make such an election and meet these requirements, no assurance can be given it will meet such requirements. If the Trust failed to do so, the Trust would be required to pay corporate taxes on its taxable income, and all distributions (including distributions of tax-exempt interest income or long-term capital gains) would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Trust’s earnings and profits.

 

80


In addition, even if the Trust qualifies as a RIC, in order for the Trust to pay tax-exempt dividends, at least 50% of the value of the Trust’s total assets must consist of tax-exempt obligations on a quarterly basis. Although the Trust intends to meet this requirement, no assurance can be given in this regard. If the Trust failed to do so, it would not be able to pay tax-exempt dividends, and your distributions attributable to interest received by the Trust from any source (including distributions of tax-exempt interest income) would be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Trust’s earnings and profits.

The Trust may be required to withhold taxes on certain of your dividends if you have not provided the Trust with your correct taxpayer identification number (if you are an individual, normally your Social Security number), or if you are otherwise subject to back-up withholding. If you receive Social Security benefits, you should be aware that tax-free income is taken into account in calculating the amount of these benefits that may be subject to federal income tax. If you borrow money to buy Trust shares, you may not be permitted to deduct the interest on that loan. Under federal income tax rules, Trust shares may be treated as having been bought with borrowed money even if the purchase of the Trust shares cannot be traced directly to borrowed money. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact of an investment in common shares upon the deductibility of interest payable by the holder.

State and Local Tax Matters

The exemption from federal income tax for exempt-interest dividends does not necessarily result in exemption for such dividends under the income or other tax laws of any state or local taxing authority. In some states, the portion of any exempt-interest dividend that is derived from interest received by a RIC on its holdings of that state’s securities and its political subdivisions and instrumentalities is exempt from that state’s income tax. Therefore, the Trust will report annually to its shareholders the percentage of interest income earned by the Trust during the preceding year on tax-exempt obligations indicating, on a state-by-state basis, the source of such income. Shareholders of the Trust are advised to consult with their own tax advisors about state and local tax matters.

Please refer to the SAI for more detailed information. You are urged to consult your tax adviser.

UNDERWRITERS

Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement, dated [●], 2022, the Underwriters named below, for whom [●], [●] and [●] are acting as representatives (the “Representatives”), have severally agreed to purchase, and the Trust has agreed to sell to them, the number of the Trust’s common shares indicated below.

 

Underwriter

   Number of
Shares
 

[●]

     [●

Total

     [●
  

 

 

 

The Underwriters are offering the common shares subject to their acceptance of the common shares from the Trust and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several Underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the common shares offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The Underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the common shares offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the Underwriters are not required to exercise the Underwriters’ over-allotment option described below, in which case the Underwriters will not take or pay for the common shares covered by the Underwriters’ over-allotment option.

The Underwriters initially propose to offer part of the common shares directly to the public at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $[●] per common share under the public offering price. Investors must pay for any common shares purchased in this offering on or before [●], 2022.

The Trust has granted to the Underwriters an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to [●] additional common shares at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus. The Underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the common shares offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised,

 

81


each Underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentage of the additional common shares as the number listed next to the Underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the total number of common shares listed next to the names of all Underwriters in the preceding table.

The following table shows the per share and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions (sales load) and proceeds to the Trust. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the Underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional [●] common shares.

 

           Total  
     Per Share     No Exercise     Full Exercise  

Public Offering Price

   $ [●   $ [●   $ [●

Sales Load

     None       None       None  

Proceeds to the Trust

   $ [●   $ [●   $ [●

The compensation and fees paid to the Underwriters described below under “Additional Compensation Paid by the Advisor” are not reimbursable to the Advisor by the Trust and are therefore not reflected in the table above.

The Advisor (and not the Trust) will pay all organizational expenses of the Trust and all offering costs associated with this offering. The Trust is not obligated to repay any such organizational expenses or offering costs paid by the Advisor.

The Underwriters have informed the Trust that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total number of common shares offered by them.

In order to meet requirements for listing the common shares on the NYSE, the Underwriters have undertaken to sell lots of [●] or more shares to a minimum of [●] beneficial owners in the United States. The minimum investment requirement is [●] common shares ($[●]).

The Trust’s common shares are expected to be approved for listing on the NYSE, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “BMN”, and will be required to meet the NYSE’s listing requirements.

The Trust has agreed that, without the prior written consent of the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus:

 

   

offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares;

 

   

file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares; or

 

   

enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common shares;

whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of common shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.

The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph do not apply to:

 

   

the sale of common shares to the Underwriters;

 

   

any common shares issued pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan; or

 

   

any preferred share issuance.

The Representatives, in their sole discretion, may release the common shares and other securities subject to the lock-up agreement described above in whole or in part at any time with or without notice.

 

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In order to facilitate the offering of the common shares, the Underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common shares in accordance with applicable law, including Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Specifically, the Underwriters may sell more common shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of common shares available for purchase by the Underwriters under the over-allotment option. The Underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing common shares in the open market. In determining the source of common shares to close out a covered short sale, the Underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of the common shares compared to the price available under the over-allotment option. The Underwriters may also sell common shares in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The Underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing common shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the Underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. As an additional means of facilitating the offering, the Underwriters may bid for, and purchase, common shares in the open market to stabilize the price of the common shares. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may also reclaim selling concessions allowed to an Underwriter or a dealer for distributing the common shares in the offering. Any of these activities may raise or maintain the market price of the common shares above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common shares. The Underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.

The Trust, the Advisor and the Underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more Underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The Representatives may agree to allocate a number of common shares to Underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the Representatives to Underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the common shares. The initial public offering price for the common shares was determined by negotiation among the Trust, the Advisor and the Representatives. There can be no assurance, however, that the price at which the common shares trade after this offering will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the Underwriters or that an active trading market in the common shares will develop and continue after this offering.

Prior to the public offering of the common shares, [●] (“[●]”), an affiliate of the Advisor, purchased common shares from the Trust in an amount satisfying the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the Investment Company Act, which requires the Trust to have a net worth of at least $100,000 prior to making a public offering. As of the date of this prospectus, [●] owned 100% of the Trust’s outstanding common shares and therefore may be deemed to control the Trust until such time as it owns less than 25% of the Trust’s outstanding common shares, which is expected to occur upon the closing of this offering.

The Trust anticipates that the Representatives and certain other Underwriters may from time to time act as brokers and dealers in connection with the execution of its portfolio transactions after they have ceased to be Underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, may act as such brokers while they are Underwriters.

The Underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial lending, investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, principal investment, hedging, derivatives, financing and brokerage activities. Certain of the Underwriters or their respective affiliates from time to time have provided in the past, and may provide in the future, securities trading, commercial lending, investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, principal investment, hedging, derivatives, financing and brokerage services to the Trust, certain of its executive officers and affiliates and the Advisor and its affiliates in the ordinary course of business, for which they have received, and may receive, customary fees and expenses.

No action has been taken in any jurisdiction (except in the United States) that would permit a public offering of the common shares, or the possession, circulation or distribution of this prospectus or any other material relating to the Trust or the common shares where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, the common shares may not be

 

83


offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither this prospectus nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the common shares may be distributed or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction except in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction.

The principal business address of [●] is [●]. The principal business address of [●] is [●]. The principal business address of [●] is [●].

Additional Compensation Paid by the Advisor

The Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay from its own assets, compensation of $[●] per common share to the Underwriters in connection with the offering, the aggregate amount of which will not exceed [●] % of the total public offering price of the common shares sold in this offering.

The Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay [●], from its own assets, an upfront structuring and syndication fee for advice relating to the structure, design and organization of the Trust as well as services related to the sale and distribution of the common shares in this offering in the amount of $[●]. If the over-allotment option is not exercised, the upfront structuring and syndication fee paid to [●] will not exceed [●]% of the total public offering price of the common shares sold in this offering. These services provided by [●] to the Advisor are unrelated to the Advisor’s function of advising the Trust as to its investments in securities or use of investment strategies and investment techniques.

The Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay to each of [●], [●] and [●], from its own assets, an upfront structuring fee in the amount of $[●], $[●] and $[●], respectively, for advice relating to the structure, design and organization of the Trust as well as services related to the sale and distribution of the common shares. If the over-allotment option is not exercised, the upfront structuring fee paid to each of [●], [●] and [●] will not exceed [●]%, [●]% and [●]%, respectively, of the total public offering price of the common shares. These services provided by these Underwriters to the Advisor are unrelated to the Advisor’s function of advising the Trust as to its investments in securities or use of investment strategies and investment techniques.

The Advisor (and not the Trust) has agreed to pay each of [●], [●] and [●], from its own assets, an upfront fee in the amount of $[●], $[●] and $[●], respectively. If the over-allotment option is not exercised, the upfront fee paid to each of [●], [●] and [●] will not exceed [●]%, [●]% and [●]%, respectively, of the total public offering price of the common shares. These services provided by these Underwriters to the Advisor are unrelated to the Advisor’s function of advising the Trust as to its investments in securities or use of investment strategies and investment techniques.

The Advisor (and not the Trust) may also pay certain other qualifying underwriters and other dealers a structuring fee, a sales incentive fee or other additional compensation in connection with this offering.

The amount of these structuring and other fees are calculated based on the total respective sales of common shares by these Underwriters, including those common shares included in the Underwriters’ over-allotment option, and will be paid regardless of whether some or all of the over-allotment option is exercised.

The Advisor and certain of its affiliates (and not the Trust) will pay compensation to certain registered representatives of BlackRock Investments, LLC (a registered broker-dealer and an affiliate of the Advisor) that participated in the marketing of the Trust’s common shares in an aggregate amount that will not exceed [•]% of the total public offering price of the common shares. The Advisor and certain of its affiliates (and not the Trust) pay this compensation in consideration of marketing activities conducted as part of these registered representatives’ regular duties, which activities included providing information and education to partner firms about the Trust, discussing economic trends and market movements and providing assistance with marketing materials.

Total underwriting compensation determined in accordance with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) rules is summarized as follows. The Advisor has agreed to reimburse the Underwriters for the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with the review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the common shares in an amount not to exceed $[●] in the aggregate, which amount will not exceed [●]% of the total public offering price of the common shares if the over-allotment option is not exercised. The sum total of all compensation to the Underwriters and registered representatives of BlackRock Investments, LLC in connection with this public offering of the common shares, including expense reimbursement and all forms of structuring and other fee payments to the Underwriters, will not exceed [●]% of the total public offering price of the common shares.

 

84


CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT

The custodian of the assets of the Trust is State Street Bank and Trust Company, whose principal business address is One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. The custodian will be responsible for, among other things, receipt of and disbursement of funds from the Trust’s accounts, establishment of segregated accounts as necessary, and transfer, exchange and delivery of Trust portfolio securities.

Computershare Trust Company, N.A., whose principal business address is 150 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, will serve as the Trust’s transfer agent with respect to the common shares.

ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES

State Street Bank and Trust Company will provide certain administration and accounting services to the Trust pursuant to an Administration and Fund Accounting Services Agreement (the “Administration Agreement”). Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, State Street Bank and Trust Company will provide the Trust with, among other things, customary fund accounting services, including computing the Trust’s NAV and maintaining books, records and other documents relating to the Trust’s financial and portfolio transactions, and customary fund administration services, including assisting the Trust with regulatory filings, tax compliance and other oversight activities. For these and other services it provides to the Trust, State Street Bank and Trust Company is paid a monthly fee from the Trust at an annual rate ranging from 0.0075% to 0.015% of the Trust’s Managed Assets, along with an annual fixed fee ranging from $0 to $10,000 for the services it provides to the Trust.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose principal business address is 200 Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, is the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust and is expected to render an opinion annually on the financial statements of the Trust.

LEGAL OPINIONS

Certain legal matters in connection with the common shares will be passed upon for the Trust by Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, New York, New York. [●], advised the Underwriters in connection with the offering of the common shares. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP and [●] may rely as to certain matters of Maryland law on the opinion of Miles & Stockbridge P.C.

PRIVACY PRINCIPLES OF THE TRUST

The Trust is committed to maintaining the privacy of shareholders and to safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information the Trust collects, how we protect that information, and why in certain cases we may share such information with select other parties.

The Trust does not receive any non-public personal information relating to its shareholders who purchase shares through their broker-dealers. In the case of shareholders who are record holders of the Trust, the Trust receives personal non-public information on account applications or other forms. With respect to these shareholders, the Trust also has access to specific information regarding their transactions in the Trust.

The Trust does not disclose any non-public personal information about its shareholders or former shareholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service our shareholders’ accounts (for example, to a transfer agent).

The Trust restricts access to non-public personal information about its shareholders to BlackRock employees with a legitimate business need for the information. The Trust maintains physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the non-public personal information of our shareholders.

 

85


LOGO

[] Shares

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust

Common Shares

$25.00 per share

 

 

PROSPECTUS

[], 2022

 

 

[]

Until [●], 2022 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the common shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the dealers’ obligations to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

[CODE]


The information in this preliminary statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary statement of additional information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 28, 2022

 

LOGO

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “Trust”) is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relating to common shares does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the prospectus relating thereto dated [●], 2022. This SAI, which is not a prospectus, does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing common shares, and investors should obtain and read the prospectus prior to purchasing such shares. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 882-0052. You may also obtain a copy of the prospectus on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) website (http://www.sec.gov). Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the prospectus.

References to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no-action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

     S-1  

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

     S-1  

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES

     S-3  

ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS

     S-11  

MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

     S-18  

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

     S-36  

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

     S-40  

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

     S-47  

REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES

     S-48  

TAX MATTERS

     S-49  

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

     F-1  

APPENDIX A RATINGS OF INVESTMENTS

     A-1  

APPENDIX B CLOSED-END FUND PROXY VOTING POLICY

     B-1  

This Statement of Additional Information is dated [], 2022.


USE OF PROCEEDS

Pending investment in municipal securities that meet the Trust’s investment objectives and policies, the net proceeds of this offering will be invested in high quality, short-term tax-exempt money market securities or in high quality municipal securities with relatively low volatility (such as pre-refunded and intermediate-term securities), to the extent such securities are available. If necessary to invest fully the net proceeds of this offering immediately, the Trust may also purchase, as temporary investments, short-term taxable investments of the type described under “Investment Policies and Techniques—Cash Equivalents and Short Term Debt Securities,” the income on which is subject to regular federal income tax, and securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities of the type in which the Trust may invest directly. We currently anticipate that the Trust will be able to invest primarily in tax-exempt municipal securities that meet the Trust’s investment objectives and policies within approximately three months after the completion of this offering.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

The Trust has not established any limit on the percentage of its portfolio that may be invested in municipal securities subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of federal tax law, and the Trust expects that a portion of the income it produces may be includable in alternative minimum taxable income. Common shares therefore would not ordinarily be a suitable investment for investors who are subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to such tax by purchasing common shares. The suitability of an investment in common shares will depend upon a comparison of the after-tax yield likely to be provided from the Trust with that from comparable tax-exempt investments not subject to the alternative minimum tax, and from comparable fully taxable investments, in light of each such investor’s tax position. Special considerations apply to corporate investors. See “Tax Matters.”

Investment Restrictions

The Trust has adopted restrictions and policies relating to the investment of the Trust’s assets and its activities. Certain of the restrictions are fundamental policies of the Trust and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities (which for this purpose and under the Investment Company Act means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares), including class approval by a majority of the Trust’s outstanding preferred shares, if any (which for this purpose and under the Investment Company Act means the lesser of (i) 67% of the preferred shares, as a single class, represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding preferred shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding preferred shares).

Fundamental Investment Restrictions. Under these fundamental investment restrictions, the Trust may not:

 

  1.

Concentrate its investments in a particular industry, as that term is used in the Investment Company Act.

 

  2.

Borrow money, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act.

 

  3.

Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate the Investment Company Act.

 

  4.

Purchase or hold real estate, except the Trust may purchase and hold securities or other instruments that are secured by, or linked to, real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts, mortgage-related securities and securities of issuers engaged in the real estate business, and the Trust may purchase and hold real estate as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments.

 

  5.

Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by the Trust may be deemed to be an underwriting or as otherwise permitted by applicable law.

 

  6.

Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except as permitted by the Investment Company Act.

 

  7.

Make loans to the extent prohibited by the Investment Company Act.

 

S-1


In addition, as a fundamental policy, under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities, the interest of which is exempt from regular federal income tax (but which may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax in certain circumstances).

Notations Regarding the Trust’s Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following notations are not considered to be part of the Trust’s fundamental investment restrictions and are subject to change without shareholder approval.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (1) above, the Investment Company Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities; tax exempt securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. However, obligations backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental issuers may for this purpose be deemed to be issued by such non-governmental issuers, as further discussed below. Thus, the 25% limitation would apply to such obligations. It is nonetheless possible that the Trust may invest more than 25% of its Managed Assets in a broader economic sector of the market for municipal obligations, such as revenue obligations of hospitals and other health care facilities or electrical utility revenue obligations. The Trust reserves the right to invest more than 25% of its Managed Assets in industrial development bonds and private activity securities. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. Finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents. Each foreign government will be considered to be a member of a separate industry. With respect to the Trust’s industry classifications, the Trust currently utilizes any one or more of the industry sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by the Advisor. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Trust as to how to classify issuers within or among industries. For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (1) above, a non-governmental issuer shall be deemed the sole issuer of a security when its assets and revenues are separate from other governmental entities and its securities are backed only by its assets and revenues. Similarly, in the case of a non-governmental issuer, such as an industrial corporation or a privately owned or operated hospital, if the security is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental issuer, then such non-governmental issuer would be deemed to be the sole issuer. Where a security is also backed by the enforceable obligation of a superior or unrelated governmental or other entity (other than a municipal security insurer), it shall also be included in the computation of securities owned that are issued by such governmental or other entity. Where a security is guaranteed by a governmental entity or some other facility, such as a bank guarantee or letter of credit, such a guarantee or letter of credit would be considered a separate security and would be treated as an issue of such government, other entity or bank. When a municipal security is insured by insurance, it shall not be considered a security that is issued or guaranteed by the insurer; instead, the issuer of such municipal security will be determined in accordance with the principles set forth above. The foregoing restrictions do not limit the percentage of the Trust’s assets that may be invested in municipal securities insured by any given insurer.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (2) above, the Investment Company Act, including the rules and regulations thereunder, generally prohibits the Trust from borrowing money (other than certain temporary borrowings) unless immediately after the borrowing the Trust has satisfied the asset coverage test with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness prescribed by the Investment Company Act; that is, the value of the Trust’s total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, “total net assets”) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness to 331/3% of the Trust’s total net assets, including assets attributable to such leverage). Certain trading practices and investments may be considered to be borrowings or involve leverage and thus are subject to the Investment Company Act restrictions. In accordance with Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act, when the Trust engages in reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, the Trust may either (i) maintain asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treat such transactions as “derivatives transactions” and comply with Rule 18f-4 with respect to such transactions. Under the Investment Company Act, the Trust may not issue senior

 

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securities representing stock unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Trust’s total net assets is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the Trust’s outstanding senior securities representing stock, plus the aggregate amount of any senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities to 50% of the Trust’s total net assets). In addition, the Trust is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on common shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the asset coverage tests described above are satisfied after giving effect to such dividend or distribution. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (5) above, the Investment Company Act does not prohibit the Trust from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, in the case of diversified funds, the Investment Company Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the fund’s investments in issuers where the fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act. Although it is not believed that the application of the Securities Act provisions described above would cause the Trust to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent the Trust from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Trust may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act or is otherwise engaged in the underwriting business to the extent permitted by applicable law.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (7) above, the Investment Company Act does not prohibit the Trust from making loans (including lending its securities); however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets (including lending its securities), except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments (as applicable), as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions. Under its non-fundamental investment restrictions, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval, the Trust may not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, except to the extent permitted by the Trust’s prospectus and SAI, as amended from time to time, and applicable law.

Unless otherwise indicated, all limitations under the Trust’s fundamental or non-fundamental investment restrictions apply only at the time that a transaction is undertaken. Any change in the percentage of the Trust’s assets invested in certain securities or other instruments resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in the Trust’s total assets will not require the Trust to dispose of an investment until the Advisor determines that it is practicable to sell or close out the investment without undue market or tax consequences.

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES

The following information supplements the discussion of the Trust’s investment objectives, policies and techniques that are described in the prospectus. The Trust may invest in the following instruments and use the following investment techniques, subject to any limitations set forth in the prospectus. There is no guarantee the Trust will buy all of the types of securities or use all of the investment techniques that are described herein.

Short Sales

The Trust may make short sales of municipal securities and other securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Trust sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The Trust may make short sales to hedge positions, for duration and risk management, in order to maintain portfolio flexibility or to enhance income or gain.

When the Trust makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Trust may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over to the securities lender any income, distributions or dividends received on such borrowed securities until it returns the security to the securities lender.

 

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The Trust’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the securities lender, usually cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid assets. Depending on arrangements made with the securities lender regarding payment over of any income, distributions or dividends received by the Trust on such security, the Trust may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such securities lender.

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Trust replaces the borrowed security, the Trust will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Trust will realize a gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. Although the Trust’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.

The Trust will not make a short sale if, after giving effect to such sale, the market value of all securities sold short exceeds 25% of the value of its Managed Assets or the Trust’s aggregate short sales of a particular class of securities exceeds 25% of the outstanding securities of that class. The Trust may also make short sales “against the box” without respect to such limitations. In this type of short sale, at the time of the sale, the Trust owns or has the immediate and unconditional right to acquire at no additional cost the identical security.

The Trust must comply with Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act with respect to its short sale borrowings, which are considered derivatives transactions under the Rule. See “Additional Risk Factors—Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives—Rule 18f-4 Under the Investment Company Act” below.

Restricted and Illiquid Investments

The Trust may invest in investments that lack an established secondary trading market or otherwise are considered illiquid. Liquidity of an investment relates to the ability to dispose easily of the investment and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the investment, which may be less than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid investment. Illiquid investments may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments. Investment of the Trust’s assets in illiquid investments may restrict the ability of the Trust to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute where the Trust’s operations require cash, such as when the Trust pays dividends, and could result in the Trust borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring capital losses on the sale of illiquid investments.

The Trust may invest in securities that are not registered under the Securities Act (“restricted securities”). Restricted securities may be sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. As a result of the absence of a public trading market, privately placed securities may be less liquid and more difficult to value than publicly traded securities. To the extent that privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales, due to illiquidity, could be less than those originally paid by the Trust or less than their fair market value. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed securities held by the Trust are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Trust may be required to bear the expenses of registration. Where registration is required for restricted securities, a considerable time period may elapse between the time the Trust decides to sell the security and the time it is actually permitted to sell the security under an effective registration statement. If during such period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Trust might obtain less favorable pricing terms than when it decided to sell the security. Transactions in restricted securities may entail other transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in unrestricted securities. Certain of the Trust’s investments in private placements may consist of direct investments and may include investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in such securities, the Trust may obtain access to material nonpublic information, which may restrict the Trust’s ability to conduct portfolio transactions in such securities.

 

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Strategic Transactions and Other Management Techniques

As described in the prospectus, the Trust may use Strategic Transactions (as defined in the prospectus). This section contains various additional information about the types of Strategic Transactions in which the Trust may engage.

Swaps. The Trust may enter into swap agreements, including interest rate and index swap agreements. Swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The “notional amount” of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The Trust’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”).

Whether the Trust’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on the Advisor’s ability to correctly predict whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Moreover, the Trust bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. Swap agreements also bear the risk that the Trust will not be able to meet its payment obligations to the counterparty. Restrictions imposed by the tax rules applicable to RICs may limit the Trust’s ability to use swap agreements. It is possible that developments in the swap market, including government regulation, could adversely affect the Trust’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

Swaptions. A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Trust may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Trust may incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it would incur when it purchases a swaption with the same terms. When the Trust purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Trust writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option the Trust will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement, and the Trust could be exposed to losses in excess of the amount of premium it received from the purchaser of the swaption.

Total Return Swaps. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Trust’s portfolio because, in addition to its Managed Assets (as defined in the prospectus), the Trust would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap in excess of any premium and margin required to establish and maintain the position.

Total return swap agreements are subject to market risk as well as the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to the Trust thereunder. Swap agreements also bear the risk that the Trust will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, the Trust will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted against one another with the Trust receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments).

Foreign Exchange Transactions. The Trust may engage in spot and forward foreign exchange transactions and currency swaps, purchase and sell options on currencies and purchase and sell currency futures and related options

 

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thereon (collectively, “Currency Instruments”). Such transactions could be effected with respect to hedges on foreign dollar denominated securities owned by the Trust, sold by the Trust but not yet delivered, or committed or anticipated to be purchased by the Trust. As an illustration, the Trust may use such techniques to hedge the stated value in U.S. dollars of an investment in a yen-denominated security. In such circumstances, for example, the Trust may purchase a foreign currency put option enabling it to sell a specified amount of yen for dollars at a specified price by a future date. To the extent the hedge is successful, a loss in the value of the yen relative to the dollar will tend to be offset by an increase in the value of the put option. To offset, in whole or in part, the cost of acquiring such a put option, the Trust may also sell a call option which, if exercised, requires it to sell a specified amount of yen for dollars at a specified price by a future date (a technique called a “straddle”). By selling such a call option in this illustration, the Trust gives up the opportunity to profit without limit from increases in the relative value of the yen to the dollar. “Straddles” of the type that may be used by the Trust are considered to constitute hedging transactions. The Trust may not attempt to hedge any or all of its foreign portfolio positions.

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts. The Trust may enter into forward currency contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or another foreign currency. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (term) from the date of the forward currency contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time the forward currency contract is entered into. Forward currency contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. The Trust may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a foreign currency that the Trust intends to acquire. The Trust may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security or a dividend or interest payment denominated in a foreign currency. The Trust may also use forward currency contracts to shift the Trust’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes from one currency to another. For example, if the Trust owns securities denominated in a foreign currency and the Advisor believes that currency will decline relative to another currency, the Trust might enter into a forward currency contract to sell the appropriate amount of the first foreign currency with payment to be made in the second currency. The Trust may also purchase forward currency contracts to enhance income when the Advisor anticipates that the foreign currency will appreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency do not present attractive investment opportunities. The Trust may also use forward currency contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in a foreign currency. Such a hedge would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations, but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. The Trust could also hedge the position by entering into a forward currency contract to sell another currency expected to perform similarly to the currency in which the Trust’s existing investments are denominated. This type of transaction could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield or efficiency, but may not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a simple forward currency transaction to sell U.S. dollars. This type of transaction may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated. The Trust may also use forward currency contracts in one currency or a basket of currencies to attempt to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities denominated in a different currency if the Advisor anticipates that there will be a correlation between the two currencies.

The cost to the Trust of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are usually involved. When the Trust enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of some or all of any expected benefit of the transaction. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Trust will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Trust might be unable to close out a forward currency contract. In either event, the Trust would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, the Trust might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such foreign currencies are not covered by forward currency contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.

 

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Use of Options as Strategic Transactions. In addition to the options strategy described in the prospectus as part of the Trust’s investment strategy, the Trust may also use options as Strategic Transactions.

Call Options as Strategic Transactions. The Trust may purchase call options on any of the types of securities or instruments in which it may invest. A purchased call option gives the Trust the right to buy, and obligates the seller to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price at any time during the option period. The Trust also may purchase and sell call options on indices. Index options are similar to options on securities except that, rather than taking or making delivery of securities underlying the option at a specified price upon exercise, an index option gives the holder the right to receive cash upon exercise of the option if the level of the index upon which the option is based is greater than the exercise price of the option.

The Trust may write (i.e., sell) covered call options on the securities or instruments it holds and enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to certain of such options. A covered call option is an option in which the Trust, in return for a premium, gives another party a right to buy specified securities owned by the Trust at a specified future date and price set at the time of the contract. The principal reason for writing covered call options is the attempt to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a greater return than would be realized on the securities alone. Writing covered call options also serves as a partial hedge against declines in the price of the underlying security, to the extent of the premium received. By writing covered call options, the Trust gives up the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to profit from any price increase in the underlying security above the option exercise price. In addition, the Trust’s ability to sell the underlying security will be limited while the option is in effect unless the Trust enters into a closing purchase transaction. A closing purchase transaction cancels out the Trust’s position as the writer of an option by means of an offsetting purchase of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has written.

The Trust may write (i.e., sell) uncovered call options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Trust. The principal reason for writing uncovered call options is to realize income without committing capital to the ownership of the underlying securities or instruments. When writing uncovered call options, the Trust must deposit and maintain sufficient margin with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered call option as collateral to ensure that the securities can be purchased for delivery if and when the option is exercised. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing uncovered calls can be a profitable strategy to increase the Trust’s income with minimal capital risk. Uncovered calls are riskier than covered calls because there is no underlying security held by the Trust that can act as a partial hedge. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. When an uncovered call is exercised, the Trust must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase. If the purchase price exceeds the exercise price, the Trust will lose the difference.

Put Options as Strategic Transactions. The Trust may purchase put options. By buying a put option, the Trust acquires a right to sell such underlying securities or instruments at the exercise price, thus limiting the Trust’s risk of loss through a decline in the market value of the securities or instruments until the put option expires. The amount of any appreciation in the value of the underlying securities or instruments will be partially offset by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and any related transaction costs. Prior to its expiration, a put option may be sold in a closing sale transaction and profit or loss from the sale will depend on whether the amount received is more or less than the premium paid for the put option plus the related transaction costs. A closing sale transaction cancels out the Trust’s position as the purchaser of an option by means of an offsetting sale of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has purchased.

The Trust also may write (i.e., sell) put options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but that the Trust does not currently have a corresponding short position or has not deposited cash equal to the exercise value of the put option with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered put option as collateral. The principal reason for writing such put options is to receive premium income and to acquire such securities or instruments at a net cost below the current market value. The Trust has the obligation to buy the securities or instruments at an agreed upon price if the securities or instruments decrease below the exercise price. If the securities or instruments price increases during the option period, the option will expire worthless and the Trust will retain the premium and will not have to purchase the securities or instruments at the exercise price. In selling puts, there is a risk that the Trust may be required to buy the underlying security at a price higher than the current market price.

 

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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. The Trust may engage in transactions in financial futures contracts (“futures contracts”) and related options on such futures contracts. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties which obligates the purchaser of the futures contract to buy and the seller of a futures contract to sell a security for a set price on a future date or, in the case of an index futures contract, to make and accept a cash settlement based upon the difference in value of the index between the time the contract was entered into and the time of its settlement. A majority of transactions in futures contracts, however, do not result in the actual delivery of the underlying instrument or cash settlement, but are settled through liquidation (i.e., by entering into an offsetting transaction). Futures contracts have been designed by boards of trade which have been designated “contract markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).

The Trust may sell financial futures contracts in anticipation of an increase in the general level of interest rates. Generally, as interest rates rise, the market values of securities that may be held by the Trust will fall, thus reducing the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Trust. However, as interest rates rise, the value of the Trust’s short position in the futures contract also will tend to increase, thus offsetting all or a portion of the depreciation in the market value of the Trust’s investments which are being hedged. While the Trust will incur commission expenses in selling and closing out futures positions, these commissions are generally less than the transaction expenses which the Trust would have incurred had the Trust sold portfolio securities in order to reduce its exposure to increases in interest rates. The Trust also may purchase financial futures contracts in anticipation of a decline in interest rates when it is not fully invested in a particular market in which it intends to make investments to gain market exposure that may in part or entirely offset an increase in the cost of securities it intends to purchase. It is anticipated that, in a substantial majority of these transactions, the Trust will purchase securities upon termination of the futures contract.

The Trust may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts. Options on futures contracts are similar to options on securities except that an option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put). Generally, these strategies are utilized under the same market and market sector conditions (i.e., conditions relating to specific types of investments) in which the Trust enters into futures transactions. The Trust may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling the underlying futures contract in anticipation of a decrease in the market value of securities or an increase in interest rates. Similarly, the Trust may purchase call options, or write put options on futures contracts, as a substitute for the purchase of such futures to hedge against the increased cost resulting from an increase in the market value or a decline in interest rates of securities which the Trust intends to purchase.

The Trust may engage in options and futures transactions on exchanges and options in the OTC markets. In general, exchange-traded contracts are third-party contracts (i.e., performance of the parties’ obligation is guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation) with standardized strike prices and expiration dates. OTC options transactions are two-party contracts with price and terms negotiated by the buyer and seller. See “—Additional Information About Options,” below.

At the time a futures contract is purchased or sold, the Trust must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment (“initial margin”). It is expected that the initial margin that the Trust will pay may range from approximately 1% to approximately 5% of the value of the securities or commodities underlying the contract. In certain circumstances, however, such as periods of high volatility, the Trust may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment. Additionally, initial margin requirements may be increased generally in the future by regulatory action or as required by the Trust’s clearing broker. An outstanding futures contract is valued daily and the payment in case of “variation margin” may be required, a process known as “marking to the market.” Transactions in listed options and futures are usually settled by entering into an offsetting transaction, and are subject to the risk that the position may not be able to be closed if no offsetting transaction can be arranged.

Additional Information About Options. In the case of either put or call options that it has purchased, if the option expires without being sold or exercised, the Trust will experience a loss in the amount of the option premium plus any commissions paid by the Trust. When the Trust sells put and call options, it receives a premium as the seller of the option. The premium that the Trust receives for selling the option will serve as a partial and limited (to the dollar amount of the premium) hedge, in the amount of the option premium, against changes in the value of the securities in its portfolio. During the term of the option, however, a covered call seller has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity for capital appreciation above the exercise price of the option if the value of the underlying

 

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security increases, but has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. Conversely, a put seller retains the risk of loss should the market value of the underlying security decline below the exercise price of the option, less the premium received on the sale of the option. The Trust may purchase and sell exchange-listed options and OTC options which are privately negotiated with the counterparty. Listed options are issued by the OCC, which guarantees the performance of the obligations of the parties to such options.

The Trust’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an exchange-listed put or call option is dependent upon the existence of a liquid secondary market on option exchanges. Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) interruption of the normal operations on an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange that had been listed by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would generally continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms. OTC options are purchased from or sold to dealers, financial institutions or other counterparties which have entered into direct agreements with the Trust. With OTC options, such variables as expiration date, exercise price and premium will be agreed upon between the Trust and the counterparty, without the intermediation of a third party such as the OCC. If the counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the securities underlying an option it has written, or otherwise settle the transaction in accordance with the terms of that option as written, the Trust would lose the premium paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. OTC options and assets used to cover OTC options written by the may be illiquid. The illiquidity of such options or assets may prevent a successful sale of such options or assets, result in a delay of sale, or reduce the amount of proceeds that might otherwise be realized.

The hours of trading for options on debt securities may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets.

Restrictions on OTC Options. The Trust will engage in OTC options only with member banks of the Federal Reserve System and primary dealers in U.S. Government securities or with affiliates of such banks or dealers that have capital of at least $50 million or whose obligations are guaranteed by an entity having capital of at least $50 million. OTC options and assets used to cover OTC options written by the Trust may be considered to be illiquid. The illiquidity of such options or assets may prevent a successful sale of such options or assets, result in a delay of sale, or reduce the amount of proceeds that might otherwise be realized.

Hybrid Instruments. A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional bond, stock or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed-income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil. Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes the Trust to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the NAV of the Trust’s common shares if the Trust invests in hybrid instruments.

 

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New Products. The financial markets continue to evolve and financial products continue to be developed. The Trust reserves the right to invest in new financial products as they are developed or become more widely accepted. As with any new financial product, these products will entail risks, including risks to which the Trust currently is not subject.

The principal risks relating to the use of futures contracts and other Strategic Transactions are: (i) less than perfect correlation between the prices of the instrument and the market value of the securities in the Trust’s portfolio; (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for closing out a position in such instruments; (iii) losses resulting from interest rate or other market movements not anticipated by the Advisor; and (iv) the obligation to meet additional variation margin or other payment requirements, all of which could result in the Trust being in a worse position than if such transactions had not been used.

The Trust’s investment objectives and the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company may restrict or affect the ability of the Trust to engage in Strategic Transactions. See “Tax Matters.”

Cash Equivalents and Short Term Debt Securities

For temporary defensive purposes or to keep cash on hand fully invested, the Trust may invest up to 100% of its total assets in cash equivalents and short-term debt securities.

Short-term debt securities are defined to include, without limitation:

1. U.S. Government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government securities include securities issued by (a) the FHA, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration GNMA, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the FHLBs, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) FNMA, whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. Government provides financial support to such U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.

2. Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Trust may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

3. Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities.

4. Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Trust and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Trust at any time. The Advisor will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Trust’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Integration

Although the Trust does not seek to implement a specific sustainability strategy, Trust management will consider ESG characteristics as part of the investment process for actively managed funds such as the Trust. These considerations will vary depending on a fund’s particular investment strategies and may include consideration of third-party research as well as consideration of proprietary research of the Advisor across the ESG risks and opportunities regarding an

 

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issuer. Trust management will consider such ESG characteristics it deems relevant or additive, if any, when making investment decisions for the Trust. The ESG characteristics utilized in the Trust’s investment process are anticipated to evolve over time and one or more characteristics may not be relevant with respect to all issuers that are eligible for investment.

ESG characteristics are not the sole considerations when making investment decisions for the Trust. Further, investors can differ in their views of what constitutes positive or negative ESG characteristics. As a result, the Trust may invest in issuers that do not reflect the beliefs and values with respect to ESG of any particular investor. ESG considerations may affect the Trust’s exposure to certain companies or industries and the Trust may forego certain investment opportunities. While Trust management views ESG considerations as having the potential to contribute to the Trust’s long-term performance, there is no guarantee that such results will be achieved.

ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS

Risk Factors in Strategic Transactions and Derivatives

The Trust’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. There are significant risks that apply generally to derivatives transactions, including:

 

   

Correlation Risk—the risk that changes in the value of a derivative will not match the changes in the value of the portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market or security to which the Trust seeks exposure. There are a number of factors which may prevent a derivative instrument from achieving the desired correlation (or inverse correlation) with an underlying asset, rate or index, such as the impact of fees, expenses and transaction costs, the timing of pricing, and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for such derivative instrument.

 

   

Counterparty Risk—the risk that the counterparty in a derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Trust. In particular, derivatives traded in OTC markets often are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation and often do not require payment of margin, and to the extent that the Trust has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparties the Trust is at risk that its counterparties will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor their obligations. The Trust will typically attempt to minimize counterparty risk by engaging in OTC derivatives transactions only with creditworthy entities that have substantial capital or that have provided the Trust with a third-party guaranty or other credit support.

 

   

Credit Risk—the risk that the reference entity in a credit default swap or similar derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations.

 

   

Currency Risk—the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.

 

   

Illiquidity Risk—the risk that certain securities or instruments may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time or at the price desired by the counterparty in connection with payments of margin, collateral, or settlement payments. There can be no assurance that the Trust will be able to unwind or offset a derivative at its desired price, in a secondary market or otherwise. It may, therefore, not be possible for the Trust to unwind its position in a derivative without incurring substantial losses (if at all). The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for the Trust to ascertain a market value for such instruments. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience a lack of liquidity, certain derivatives traded in OTC markets, including swaps and OTC options, involve substantial illiquidity risk. The Trust will, therefore, acquire illiquid OTC derivatives (i) if the agreement pursuant to which the instrument is purchased contains a formula price at which the instrument may be terminated or sold, or (ii) for which the Advisor anticipates the Trust can receive on each business day at least two independent bids or offers, unless a quotation from only one dealer is available, in which case that dealer’s quotation may be used. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors,

 

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including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Trust, the Trust would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin in the event of adverse price movements. In such a situation, if the Trust has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

 

   

Index Risk—if the derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index. If the index changes, the Trust could receive lower interest payments or experience a reduction in the value of the derivative to below the price that the Trust paid for such derivative.

 

   

Legal Risk—the risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract.

 

   

Leverage Riskthe risk that the Trust’s derivatives transactions can magnify the Trust’s gains and losses. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of a derivatives position and can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.

 

   

Market Risk—the risk that changes in the value of one or more markets or changes with respect to the value of the underlying asset will adversely affect the value of a derivative. In the event of an adverse movement, the Trust may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain its position or the Trust’s returns may be adversely affected.

 

   

Operational Risk—the risk related to potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate controls and human error.

 

   

Valuation Risk—the risk that valuation sources for a derivative will not be readily available in the market. This is possible especially in times of market distress, since many market participants may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them.

 

   

Volatility Risk—the risk that the value of derivatives will fluctuate significantly within a short time period.

When a derivative is used as a hedge against a position that the Trust holds, any loss generated by the derivative generally should be substantially offset by gains on the hedged investment, and vice versa. While hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Trust’s hedging transactions will be effective. The Trust could also suffer losses related to its derivative positions as a result of unanticipated market movements, which losses are potentially unlimited. The Advisor may not be able to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates and other economic factors, which could cause the Trust’s derivatives positions to lose value. In addition, some derivatives are more sensitive to interest rate changes and market price fluctuations than other securities. The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting inability of the Trust to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose the Trust to losses and could make derivatives more difficult for the Trust to value accurately.

When engaging in a hedging transaction, the Trust may determine not to seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments utilized and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Such an imperfect correlation may prevent the Trust from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Trust to a risk of loss. The Trust may also determine not to

 

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hedge against a particular risk because it does not regard the probability of the risk occurring to be sufficiently high as to justify the cost of the hedge or because it does not foresee the occurrence of the risk. It may not be possible for the Trust to hedge against a change or event at attractive prices or at a price sufficient to protect the assets of the Trust from the decline in value of the portfolio positions anticipated as a result of such change. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge at all against certain risks.

If the Trust invests in a derivative instrument it could lose more than the principal amount invested. Moreover, derivatives raise certain tax, legal, regulatory and accounting issues that may not be presented by investments in securities, and there is some risk that certain issues could be resolved in a manner that could adversely impact the performance of the Trust.

The Trust is not required to use derivatives or other portfolio strategies to seek to increase return or to seek to hedge its portfolio and may choose not to do so. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Trust will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial. Although the Advisor seeks to use derivatives to further the Trust’s investment objectives, there is no assurance that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.

Options Risk. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded OTC or on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an Exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an Exchange; the facilities of an Exchange or the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or one or more Exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that Exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that Exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

Futures Transactions and Options Risk. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts and options are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by the Trust and the price of the futures contract or option; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Advisor’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and (e) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations.

Investment in futures contracts involves the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security being hedged. The hedge will not be fully effective when there is imperfect correlation between the movements in the prices of two financial instruments. For example, if the price of the futures contract moves more or less than the price of the hedged security, the Trust will experience either a loss or gain on the futures contract which is not completely offset by movements in the price of the hedged securities. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Trust may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the hedged securities if the volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Trust may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically lower than that of the futures contracts.

The particular securities comprising the index underlying a securities index financial futures contract may vary from the securities held by the Trust. As a result, the Trust’s ability to hedge effectively all or a portion of the value of its securities through the use of such financial futures contracts will depend in part on the degree to which price movements in the index underlying the financial futures contract correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Trust. The correlation may be affected by disparities in the average maturity, ratings, geographical mix or

 

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structure of the Trust’s investments as compared to those comprising the securities index and general economic or political factors. In addition, the correlation between movements in the value of the securities index may be subject to change over time as additions to and deletions from the securities index alter its structure. The correlation between futures contracts on U.S. Government securities and the securities held by the Trust may be adversely affected by similar factors and the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of such futures contracts and the prices of securities held by the Trust may be greater. The trading of futures contracts also is subject to certain market risks, such as inadequate trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions.

The Trust may liquidate futures contracts it enters into through offsetting transactions on the applicable contract market. There can be no assurance, however, that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close out a futures position. In the event of adverse price movements, the Trust would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. In such situations, if the Trust has insufficient cash, it may be required to sell portfolio securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on the Trust’s ability to hedge effectively its investments in securities. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by commodity exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days.

The successful use of transactions in futures and related options also depends on the ability of the Advisor to forecast correctly the direction and extent of interest rate movements within a given time frame. To the extent interest rates remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option is held by the Trust or such rates move in a direction opposite to that anticipated, the Trust may realize a loss on the Strategic Transaction which is not fully or partially offset by an increase in the value of portfolio securities. As a result, the Trust’s total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the Strategic Transaction.

Because of low initial margin deposits made upon the opening of a futures position, futures transactions involve substantial leverage. As a result, relatively small movements in the price of the futures contracts can result in substantial unrealized gains or losses. There is also the risk of loss by the Trust of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with which the Trust has an open position in a financial futures contract. Because the Trust may engage in the purchase and sale of futures contracts for hedging purposes or to seek to enhance the Trust’s return, any losses incurred in connection therewith may, if the strategy is successful, be offset in whole or in part by increases in the value of securities held by the Trust or decreases in the price of securities the Trust intends to acquire.

The amount of risk the Trust assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of an option on a futures contract also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.

General Risk Factors in Hedging Foreign Currency. Hedging transactions involving Currency Instruments involve substantial risks, including correlation risk. While the Trust’s use of Currency Instruments to effect hedging strategies is intended to reduce the volatility of the NAV of the Trust’s common shares, the NAV of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate. Moreover, although Currency Instruments may be used with the intention of hedging against adverse currency movements, transactions in Currency Instruments involve the risk that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted and that the Trust’s hedging strategies will be ineffective. To the extent that the Trust hedges against anticipated currency movements that do not occur, the Trust may realize losses and decrease its total return as the result of its hedging transactions. Furthermore, the Trust will only engage in hedging activities from time to time and may not be engaging in hedging activities when movements in currency exchange rates occur.

It may not be possible for the Trust to hedge against currency exchange rate movements, even if correctly anticipated, in the event that (i) the currency exchange rate movement is so generally anticipated that the Trust is not able to enter into a hedging transaction at an effective price, or (ii) the currency exchange rate movement relates to a market with respect to which Currency Instruments are not available and it is not possible to engage in effective foreign currency

 

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hedging. The cost to the Trust of engaging in foreign currency transactions varies with such factors as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Since transactions in foreign currency exchange usually are conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved.

Foreign Currency Forwards Risk. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts do not eliminate fluctuations in the value of Non-U.S. Securities (as defined in the prospectus) but rather allow the Trust to establish a fixed rate of exchange for a future point in time. This strategy can have the effect of reducing returns and minimizing opportunities for gain.

In connection with its trading in forward foreign currency contracts, the Trust will contract with a foreign or domestic bank, or foreign or domestic securities dealer, to make or take future delivery of a specified amount of a particular currency. There are no limitations on daily price moves in such forward contracts, and banks and dealers are not required to continue to make markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain banks or dealers have refused to quote prices for such forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which the bank or dealer is prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell. Governmental imposition of credit controls might limit any such forward contract trading. With respect to its trading of forward contracts, if any, the Trust will be subject to the risk of bank or dealer failure and the inability of, or refusal by, a bank or dealer to perform with respect to such contracts. Any such default would deprive the Trust of any profit potential or force the Trust to cover its commitments for resale, if any, at the then market price and could result in a loss to the Trust.

The Trust may also engage in proxy hedging transactions to reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of existing or anticipated holdings of portfolio securities. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which the Trust is exposed is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the dollar. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered to be linked to a currency or currencies in which some or all of the Trust’s securities are, or are expected to be, denominated, and to buy U.S. dollars. Proxy hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other transactions with similar instruments. Currency transactions can result in losses to the Trust if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. In addition, there is the risk that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that the Trust is engaging in proxy hedging. The Trust may also cross-hedge currencies by entering into forward contracts to sell one or more currencies that are expected to decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Trust has or in which the Trust expects to have portfolio exposure. For example, the Trust may hold both Canadian government bonds and Japanese government bonds, and the Advisor may believe that Canadian dollars will deteriorate against Japanese yen. The Trust would sell Canadian dollars to reduce its exposure to that currency and buy Japanese yen. This strategy would be a hedge against a decline in the value of Canadian dollars, although it would expose the Trust to declines in the value of the Japanese yen relative to the U.S. dollar.

Some of the forward non-U.S. currency contracts entered into by the Trust may be classified as non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”). NDFs are cash-settled, short-term forward contracts that may be thinly traded or are denominated in non-convertible foreign currency, where the profit or loss at the time at the settlement date is calculated by taking the difference between the agreed upon exchange rate and the spot rate at the time of settlement, for an agreed upon notional amount of funds. All NDFs have a fixing date and a settlement date. The fixing date is the date at which the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate and the agreed upon exchange rate is calculated. The settlement date is the date by which the payment of the difference is due to the party receiving payment. NDFs are commonly quoted for time periods of one month up to two years, and are normally quoted and settled in U.S. dollars. They are often used to gain exposure to and/or hedge exposure to foreign currencies that are not internationally traded.

Currency Futures Risk. The Trust may also seek to hedge against the decline in the value of a currency or to enhance returns through use of currency futures or options thereon. Currency futures are similar to forward foreign exchange transactions except that futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts while forward foreign exchange transactions are traded in the OTC market. Currency futures involve substantial currency risk, and also involve leverage risk.

Currency Options Risk. The Trust may also seek to hedge against the decline in the value of a currency or to enhance returns through the use of currency options. Currency options are similar to options on securities. For example, in consideration for an option premium the writer of a currency option is obligated to sell (in the case of a call option) or

 

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purchase (in the case of a put option) a specified amount of a specified currency on or before the expiration date for a specified amount of another currency. The Trust may engage in transactions in options on currencies either on exchanges or OTC markets. Currency options involve substantial currency risk, and may also involve credit, leverage or illiquidity risk.

Currency Swaps Risk. The Trust may enter into currency swaps. Currency swaps involve the exchange of the rights of the Trust and another party to make or receive payments in specified currencies. The Trust may also hedge portfolio positions through currency swaps, which are transactions in which one currency is simultaneously bought for a second currency on a spot basis and sold for the second currency on a forward basis. Currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency. Because currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations.

Over-the-Counter Trading Risk. The derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Trust may include instruments not traded on an exchange. The risk of nonperformance by the counterparty to an instrument may be greater than, and the ease with which the Trust can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to an instrument may be less than, the risk associated with an exchange traded or cleared OTC instrument. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are not traded on an exchange. The absence of liquidity may make it difficult or impossible for the Trust to sell such instruments promptly at an acceptable price. Derivative instruments not traded on exchanges also are not subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange traded or cleared OTC instruments, and many of the protections afforded to participants in a regulated environment may not be available in connection with the transactions. Because derivatives traded in OTC markets generally are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation and generally do not require payment of margin, to the extent that the Trust has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparties the Trust is at risk that its counterparties will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations.

Rule 18f-4 Under the Investment Company Act. Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act permits the Trust to enter into Derivatives Transactions (as defined below) and certain other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of “senior securities” under Section 18 of the Investment Company Act. Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, among other things, prohibits closed-end funds, including the Trust, from issuing or selling any “senior security” representing indebtedness (unless the fund maintains 300% “asset coverage”) or any senior security representing stock (unless the fund maintains 200% “asset coverage”).

Under Rule 18f-4, “Derivatives Transactions” include the following: (1) any swap, security-based swap (including a contract for differences), futures contract, forward contract, option (excluding purchased options), any combination of the foregoing, or any similar instrument, under which the Trust is or may be required to make any payment or delivery of cash or other assets during the life of the instrument or at maturity or early termination, whether as margin or settlement payment or otherwise; (2) any short sale borrowing; (3) reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions (e.g., recourse and non-recourse tender option bonds, and borrowed bonds), if the Trust elects to treat these transactions as Derivatives Transactions under Rule 18f-4; and (4) when-issued or forward-settling securities (e.g., firm and standby commitments, including to-be-announced (“TBA”) commitments, and dollar rolls) and non-standard settlement cycle securities, unless such transactions meet the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision (as defined in the prospectus under “The Trust’s Investments—Portfolio Contents and Techniques—When-Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments”).

Unless the Trust is relying on the Limited Derivatives User Exception (as defined below), the Trust must comply with Rule 18f-4 with respect to its Derivatives Transactions. Rule 18f-4, among other things, requires the Trust to adopt and implement a comprehensive written derivatives risk management program (“DRMP”) and comply with a relative or absolute limit on fund leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk (“VaR”). The DRMP is administered by a “derivatives risk manager,” who is appointed by the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) (the “Independent Trustees”), and periodically reviews the DRMP and reports to the Board.

 

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Rule 18f-4 provides an exception from the DRMP, VaR limit and certain other requirements if the Trust’s “derivatives exposure” is limited to 10% of its net assets (as calculated in accordance with Rule 18f-4) and the Trust adopts and implements written policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage its derivatives risks (the “Limited Derivatives User Exception”).

Dodd-Frank Act Risk. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) (the “Derivatives Title”) imposed a substantially new regulatory structure on derivatives markets, with particular emphasis on swaps (which are subject to oversight by the CFTC) and security-based swaps (which are subject to oversight by the SEC). The regulatory framework covers a broad range of swap market participants, including banks, non-banks, credit unions, insurance companies, broker-dealers and investment advisers. Prudential regulators were granted authority to regulate margining of swaps and security-based swaps of banks and bank-related entities.

Current regulations for swaps require the mandatory central clearing and mandatory exchange trading of particular types of interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps (together, “Covered Swaps”). The Trust is required to clear its Covered Swaps through a clearing broker, which requires, among other things, posting initial margin and variation margin to the Trust’s clearing broker in order to enter into and maintain positions in Covered Swaps. Covered Swaps generally are required to be executed through a swap execution facility (“SEF”), which can involve additional transaction fees.

Additionally, with respect to uncleared swaps, swap dealers are required to collect variation margin from the Trust and may be required by applicable regulations to collect initial margin from the Trust. Both initial and variation margin may be comprised of cash and/or securities, subject to applicable regulatory haircuts. Shares of investment companies (other than certain money market funds) may not be posted as collateral under applicable regulations. As capital and margin requirements for swap dealers and capital and margin requirements for security-based swaps are implemented, such requirements may make certain types of trades and/or trading strategies more costly. There may be market dislocations due to uncertainty during the implementation period of any new regulation and the Advisor cannot know how the derivatives market will adjust to such new regulations.

In addition, regulations adopted by global prudential regulators that are now in effect require certain bank-regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in “qualified financial contracts,” including many derivatives contracts as well as repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties to terminate such contracts, foreclose upon collateral, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of affiliate credit enhancements (such as guarantees) in the event that the bank-regulated counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings.

Legal and Regulatory Risk. At any time after the date hereof, legislation or additional regulations may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Trust. Changing approaches to regulation may have a negative impact on the securities in which the Trust invests. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Trust itself is regulated. There can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Trust or will not impair the ability of the Trust to achieve its investment objectives. In addition, as new rules and regulations resulting from the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act are implemented and new international capital and liquidity requirements are introduced under the Basel III Accords, the market may not react the way the Advisor expects. Whether the Trust achieves its investment objectives may depend on, among other things, whether the Advisor correctly forecasts market reactions to this and other legislation. In the event the Advisor incorrectly forecasts market reaction, the Trust may not achieve its investment objectives.

 

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MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

Investment Management Agreement

Although the Advisor intends to devote such time and effort to the business of the Trust as is reasonably necessary to perform its duties to the Trust, the services of the Advisor are not exclusive and the Advisor provides similar services to other investment companies and other clients and may engage in other activities.

The investment management agreement between the Advisor and the Trust (the “Investment Management Agreement”) also provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, the Advisor is not liable to the Trust or any of the Trust’s shareholders for any act or omission by the Advisor in the supervision or management of its respective investment activities or for any loss sustained by the Trust or the Trust’s shareholders and provides for indemnification by the Trust of the Advisor, its directors, officers, employees, agents and control persons for liabilities incurred by them in connection with their services to the Trust, subject to certain limitations and conditions.

The Investment Management Agreement provides for the Trust to pay a monthly management fee at an annual rate equal to 0.55% of the average daily value of the Trust’s Managed Assets.

The Trust and the Advisor have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive the management fee with respect to any portion of the Trust’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) managed by the Advisor or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2024. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fees by the amount of investment advisory fees the Trust pays to the Advisor indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Advisor or its affiliates, through June 30, 2024. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be continued from year to year thereafter, provided that such continuance is specifically approved by the Advisor and the Trust (including by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) (the “Independent Trustees”)). Neither the Advisor nor the Trust is obligated to extend the Fee Waiver Agreement. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by the Trust (upon the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust), upon 90 days’ written notice by the Trust to the Advisor.

The Investment Management Agreement was approved by the sole common shareholder of the Trust as of [●], 2022. The Investment Management Agreement will continue in effect for a period of two years from its effective date, and if not sooner terminated, will continue in effect for successive periods of 12 months thereafter, provided that each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (1) the vote of a majority of the Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust (as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act) and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Investment Management Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated as a whole at any time by the Trust, without the payment of any penalty, upon the vote of a majority of the Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or by the Advisor, on 60 days’ written notice by either party to the other which can be waived by the non-terminating party. The Investment Management Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its “assignment” (as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder).

Biographical Information Pertaining to the Trustees

The Board consists of ten individuals (each a “Trustee”), seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The registered investment companies advised by the Advisor or its affiliates (the “BlackRock-advised Funds”) are organized into one complex of closed-end funds and open-end non-index fixed-income funds (the “BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex”), one complex of open-end equity, multi-asset, index and money market funds (the “BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex”) and one complex of exchange-traded funds (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). The Trust is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex. The Trustees also oversee as board members the operations of the other open-end and closed-end registered investment companies included in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex.

 

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Certain biographical and other information relating to the Trustees is set forth below, including their address and year of birth, principal occupations for at least the last five years, length of time served, total number of registered investment companies and investment portfolios overseen in the BlackRock-advised Funds and any currently held public company and other investment company directorships.

 

Name and
Year of Birth1,2

  

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)3

  

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

  

Number of
BlackRock-

Advised
Registered

Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of

Investment
Portfolios

(“Portfolios”)
Overseen

  

Public
Company

and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five

Years

Independent Trustees

     

R. Glenn Hubbard

 

1958

  

Chair of the Board and Trustee

(Since 2022)

   Dean, Columbia Business School from 2004 to 2019; Faculty member, Columbia Business School since 1988.    69 RICs consisting of 99 Portfolios    ADP (data and information services) from 2004 to 2020; Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (insurance); KKR Financial Corporation (finance) from 2004 until 2014

W. Carl Kester4

 

1951

  

Vice Chair of the Board and Trustee

(Since 2022)

   George Fisher Baker Jr. Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School since 2008; Deputy Dean for Academic Affairs from 2006 to 2010; Chairman of the Finance Unit, from 2005 to 2006; Senior Associate Dean and Chairman of the MBA Program from 1999 to 2005; Member of the faculty of Harvard Business School since 1981.    71 RICs consisting of 101 Portfolios    None

 

S-19


Name and
Year of Birth1,2

  

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)3

  

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

  

Number of
BlackRock-

Advised
Registered

Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of

Investment
Portfolios

(“Portfolios”)
Overseen

  

Public
Company

and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five

Years

Cynthia L. Egan

 

1955

  

Trustee

(Since 2022)

   Advisor, U.S. Department of the Treasury from 2014 to 2015; President, Retirement Plan Services, for T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. from 2007 to 2012; executive positions within Fidelity Investments from 1989 to 2007.    69 RICs consisting of 99 Portfolios    Unum (insurance); The Hanover Insurance Group (Board Chair) (insurance); Huntsman Corporation (Lead Independent Director and non-Executive Vice Chair of the Board) (chemical products); Envestnet (investment platform) from 2013 until 2016

Frank J. Fabozzi4

 

1948

  

Trustee

(Since 2022)

   Editor of The Journal of Portfolio Management since 1986; Professor of Finance, EDHEC Business School (France) since 2011; Professor of Practice, Johns Hopkins University since 2021; Visiting Professor, Princeton University for the 2013 to 2014 academic year and Spring 2017 semester; Professor in the Practice of Finance, Yale University School of Management from 1994 to 2011 and currently a Teaching Fellow in Yale’s Executive Programs; Board Member, BlackRock Equity-Liquidity Funds from 2014 to 2016; affiliated professor Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from    71 RICs consisting of 101 Portfolios    None

 

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Name and
Year of Birth1,2

  

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)3

  

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

  

Number of
BlackRock-

Advised
Registered

Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of

Investment
Portfolios

(“Portfolios”)
Overseen

  

Public
Company

and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five

Years

      2008 to 2011; Visiting Professor, Rutgers University for the Spring 2019 semester; Visiting Professor, New York University for the 2019 academic year; Adjunct Professor of Finance, Carnegie Mellon University in fall 2020 semester.      

Lorenzo A. Flores5

 

1964

  

Trustee

(Since 2022)

   Vice Chairman, Kioxia, Inc. since 2019; Chief Financial Officer, Xilinx, Inc. from 2016 to 2019; Corporate Controller, Xilinx, Inc. from 2008 to 2016.    69 RICs consisting of 99 Portfolios    None

Stayce D. Harris

 

1959

  

Trustee

(Since 2022)

   Lieutenant General, Inspector General, Office of the Secretary of the United States Air Force from 2017 to 2019; Lieutenant General, Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director, Air Staff, United States Air Force from 2016 to 2017; Major General, Commander, 22nd Air Force, AFRC, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia from 2014 to 2016; Pilot, United Airlines from 1990 to 2020.    69 RICs consisting of 99 Portfolios    The Boeing Company

J. Phillip Holloman

 

1955

  

Trustee

(Since 2022)

   President and Chief Operating Officer, Cintas Corporation from 2008 to 2018.    69 RICs consisting of 99 Portfolios    PulteGroup, Inc. (home construction); Rockwell Automation Inc. (industrial automation)

 

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Name and
Year of Birth1,2

  

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)3

  

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

  

Number of
BlackRock-

Advised
Registered

Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of

Investment
Portfolios

(“Portfolios”)
Overseen

  

Public
Company

and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five

Years

Catherine A. Lynch4,6

 

1961

  

Trustee

(Since 2022)

   Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer and various other positions, National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust from 2003 to 2016; Associate Vice President for Treasury Management, The George Washington University from 1999 to 2003; Assistant Treasurer, Episcopal Church of America from 1995 to 1999.    71 RICs consisting of 101 Portfolios    PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust

Interested Trustees7

           

Robert Fairbairn

 

1965

   Trustee (Since 2022)    Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. since 2019; Member of BlackRock’s Global Executive and Global Operating Committees; Co-Chair of BlackRock’s Human Capital Committee; Senior Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2010 to 2019; oversaw BlackRock’s Strategic Partner Program and Strategic Product Management Group from 2012 to 2019; Member of the Board of Managers of BlackRock Investments, LLC from 2011 to 2018;    97 RICs consisting of 261 Portfolios    None

 

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Name and
Year of Birth1,2

  

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)3

  

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

  

Number of
BlackRock-

Advised
Registered

Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of

Investment
Portfolios

(“Portfolios”)
Overseen

  

Public
Company

and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five

Years

      Global Head of BlackRock’s Retail and iShares® businesses from 2012 to 2016.      

John M. Perlowski4

 

1964

  

Trustee

(Since 2020)

President and Chief Executive Officer (Since 2020)

   Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2009; Head of BlackRock Global Accounting and Product Services since 2009; Advisory Director of Family Resource Network (charitable foundation) since 2009.    99 RICs consisting of 263 Portfolios    None

 

 

1 

The address of each Trustee is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 55 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10055.

2 

Each Independent Trustee holds office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal as provided by the Trust’s by-laws or charter or statute, or until December 31 of the year in which he or she turns 75. Trustees who are “interested persons,” as defined in the Investment Company Act, serve until their successor is duly elected and qualifies or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal as provided by the Trust’s by-laws or statute, or until December 31 of the year in which they turn 72. The Board may determine to extend the terms of Independent Trustees on a case-by-case basis, as appropriate.

3 

Following the combination of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) and BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) in September 2006, the various legacy MLIM and legacy BlackRock fund boards were realigned and consolidated into three new fund boards in 2007. Certain Independent Trustees first became members of the boards of other legacy MLIM or legacy BlackRock funds as follows: Frank J. Fabozzi, 1988; R. Glenn Hubbard, 2004; and W. Carl Kester, 1995. Certain other Independent Trustees became members of the boards of the closed-end funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex as follows: Cynthia L. Egan, 2016; and Catherine A. Lynch, 2016.

4 

Dr. Fabozzi, Dr. Kester, Ms. Lynch and Mr. Perlowski are also trustees of the BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund and BlackRock Private Investments Fund.

5 

In his capacity as Vice Chairman of Kioxia, Inc. (“Kioxia”), Mr. Flores is involved in the process of engaging investment banking advisers for Kioxia’s capital markets and strategic transactions. In the past two calendar years, [names of banks] have been engaged by Kioxia to provide investment banking services relating to Kioxia’s potential initial public offering and [name of bank] has been engaged by Kioxia to provide technical advisory services for matters relating to a potential foreign stock exchange listing.

6 

Ms. Lynch may be considered an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust as a result of her ownership of securities of one or more of the Trust’s underwriters in connection with the Trust’s initial public offering. Ms. Lynch will cease to be an “interested person” of the Trust once such underwriters are no longer principal underwriters of the Trust, which is expected to occur upon the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering.

 

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7 

Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. Perlowski are both “interested persons,” as defined in the Investment Company Act, of the Trust based on their positions with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates. Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. Perlowski are also board members of the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex.

Experience, Qualifications and Skills of the Trustees

The Independent Trustees have adopted a statement of policy that describes the experiences, qualifications, skills and attributes that are necessary and desirable for potential Independent Trustee candidates (the “Statement of Policy”). The Board believes that each Independent Trustee satisfied, at the time he or she was initially elected or appointed a Trustee, and continues to satisfy, the standards contemplated by the Statement of Policy as well as the standards set forth in the Trust’s Amended and Restated Bylaws. Furthermore, in determining that a particular Trustee was and continues to be qualified to serve as a Trustee, the Board has considered a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, was controlling. The Board believes that, collectively, the Trustees have balanced and diverse experiences, skills, attributes and qualifications, which allow the Board to operate effectively in governing the Trust and protecting the interests of shareholders. Among the attributes common to all Trustees is their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Advisor, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. Each Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively is evidenced by his or her educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a board member of the Trust or the other funds in the BlackRock Fund Complexes (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or not-for-profit entities or other organizations; ongoing commitment and participation in Board and Committee meetings, as well as his or her leadership of standing and other committees of other BlackRock-advised funds throughout the years; or other relevant life experiences.

The table below discusses some of the experiences, qualifications and skills of each Trustee that support the conclusion that he or she should serve on the Board.

 

Trustees

  

Experience, Qualifications and Skills

Independent Trustees*

R. Glenn Hubbard    R. Glenn Hubbard has served in numerous roles in the field of economics, including as the Chairman of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers of the President of the United States. Dr. Hubbard has served as the Dean of Columbia Business School, as a member of the Columbia Faculty and as a Visiting Professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, the Harvard Business School and the University of Chicago. Dr. Hubbard’s experience as an adviser to the President of the United States adds a dimension of balance to the Trust’s governance and provides perspective on economic issues. Dr. Hubbard’s service on the boards of ADP and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company provides the Board with the benefit of his experience with the management practices of other financial companies. Dr. Hubbard’s long-standing service on the boards of directors/trustees of the closed-end funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex also provides him with a specific understanding of the Trust, its operations, and the business and regulatory issues facing the Trust. Dr. Hubbard’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances his service as Chair of the Board, Chair of the Executive Committee and a member of the Governance and Nominating Committee, the Compliance Committee and the Performance Oversight Committee.
W. Carl Kester    The Board benefits from W. Carl Kester’s experiences as a professor and author in finance, and his experience as the George Fisher Baker Jr. Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and as Deputy Dean of Academic Affairs at Harvard Business School from 2006 through 2010 adds to the Board a wealth of expertise in corporate finance and corporate governance. Dr. Kester has authored and edited numerous books and research papers on both subject matters, including co-editing a leading volume of finance case studies used worldwide. Dr. Kester’s long-standing service on the boards of directors/trustees of the closed-end funds in the

 

S-24


Trustees

  

Experience, Qualifications and Skills

   BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex also provides him with a specific understanding of the Trust, its operations, and the business and regulatory issues facing the Trust. Dr. Kester’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances his service as a Vice Chair of the Board, Chair of the Governance and Nominating Committee and a member of the Executive Committee, the Compliance Committee and the Performance Oversight Committee.
Cynthia L. Egan    Cynthia L. Egan brings to the Board a broad and diverse knowledge of investment companies and the retirement industry as a result of her many years of experience as President, Retirement Plan Services, for T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and her various senior operating officer positions at Fidelity Investments, including her service as Executive Vice President of FMR Co., President of Fidelity Institutional Services Company and President of the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund. Ms. Egan has also served as an advisor to the U.S. Department of Treasury as an expert in domestic retirement security. Ms. Egan began her professional career at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Ms. Egan is also a director of UNUM Corporation, a publicly traded insurance company providing personal risk reinsurance, and of The Hanover Group, a public property casualty insurance company. Ms. Egan’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances her service as Chair of the Compliance Committee, and a member of the Governance and Nominating Committee and the Performance Oversight Committee.
Frank J. Fabozzi    Frank J. Fabozzi has served for over 25 years on the boards of registered investment companies. Dr. Fabozzi holds the designations of Chartered Financial Analyst and Certified Public Accountant. Dr. Fabozzi was inducted into the Fixed Income Analysts Society’s Hall of Fame and is the 2007 recipient of the C. Stewart Sheppard Award and the 2015 recipient of the James R. Vertin Award, both given by the CFA Institute. The Board benefits from Dr. Fabozzi’s experiences as a professor and author in the field of finance. Dr. Fabozzi’s experience as a professor at various institutions, including EDHEC Business School, Yale, MIT, and Princeton, as well as Dr. Fabozzi’s experience as a Professor in the Practice of Finance and Becton Fellow at the Yale University School of Management and as editor of the Journal of Portfolio Management demonstrates his wealth of expertise in the investment management and structured finance areas. Dr. Fabozzi has authored and edited numerous books and research papers on topics in investment management and financial econometrics, and his writings have focused on fixed income securities and portfolio management, many of which are considered standard references in the investment management industry. Dr. Fabozzi’s long-standing service on the boards of directors/trustees of the closed-end funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex also provides him with a specific understanding of the Trust, its operations and the business and regulatory issues facing the Trust. Moreover, Dr. Fabozzi’s knowledge of financial and accounting matters qualifies him to serve as a member of the Audit Committee. Dr. Fabozzi’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances his service as Chair of the Audit Committee during the Trust’s initial public offering and Chair of the Performance Oversight Committee.
Lorenzo A. Flores    The Board benefits from Lorenzo A. Flores’s many years of business, leadership and financial experience in his roles at various public and private companies. In particular, Mr. Flores’s service as Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller of Xilinx, Inc. and Vice Chairman of Kioxia, Inc. and his long experience in the technology industry allow him to provide insight to into financial, business and technology trends. Mr. Flores’s knowledge of financial and accounting matters qualifies him to serve as a member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Flores’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances his service as a member of the Audit Committee and the Performance Oversight Committee.

 

S-25


Trustees

  

Experience, Qualifications and Skills

Stayce D. Harris    The Board benefits from Stayce D. Harris’s leadership and governance experience gained during her extensive military career, including as a three-star Lieutenant General of the United States Air Force. In her most recent role, Ms. Harris reported to the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the Air Force on matters concerning Air Force effectiveness, efficiency and the military discipline of active duty, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard forces. Ms. Harris’s experience on governance matters includes oversight of inspection policy and the inspection and evaluation system for all Air Force nuclear and conventional forces; oversight of Air Force counterintelligence operations and service on the Air Force Intelligence Oversight Panel; investigation of fraud, waste and abuse; and oversight of criminal investigations and complaints resolution programs. Ms. Harris’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances her service as a member of the Compliance Committee and the Performance Oversight Committee.
J. Phillip Holloman    The Board benefits from J. Phillip Holloman’s many years of business and leadership experience as an executive, director and advisory board member of various public and private companies. In particular, Mr. Holloman’s service as President and Chief Operating Officer of Cintas Corporation and director of PulteGroup, Inc. and Rockwell Automation Inc. allows him to provide insight into business trends and conditions. Mr. Holloman’s knowledge of financial and accounting matters qualifies him to serve as a member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Holloman’s independence from the Trust and the Advisor enhances his service as a member of the Audit Committee, the Governance and Nominating Committee and the Performance Oversight Committee.
Catherine A. Lynch    Catherine A. Lynch, who served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust, benefits the Board by providing business leadership and experience and a diverse knowledge of pensions and endowments. Ms. Lynch also holds the designation of Chartered Financial Analyst.

Interested Trustees

Robert Fairbairn    Robert Fairbairn has more than 25 years of experience with BlackRock, Inc. and over 30 years of experience in finance and asset management. In particular, Mr. Fairbairn’s positions as Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc., Member of BlackRock’s Global Executive and Global Operating Committees and Co-Chair of BlackRock’s Human Capital Committee provide the Board with a wealth of practical business knowledge and leadership. In addition, Mr. Fairbairn has global investment management and oversight experience through his former positions as Global Head of BlackRock’s Retail and iShares® businesses, Head of BlackRock’s Global Client Group, Chairman of BlackRock’s international businesses and his previous oversight over BlackRock’s Strategic Partner Program and Strategic Product Management Group. Mr. Fairbairn also serves as a board member for the funds in the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex.
John M. Perlowski    John M. Perlowski’s experience as Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2009, as the Head of BlackRock Global Accounting and Product Services since 2009, and as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Trust provides him with a strong understanding of the Trust, its operations, and the business and regulatory issues facing the Trust. Mr. Perlowski’s prior position as Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer of the Global Product Group at Goldman Sachs Asset Management, and his former service as Treasurer and Senior Vice President of the Goldman Sachs Mutual Funds and as Director of the Goldman Sachs Offshore Funds provides the Board with the benefit of his experience with the management practices of other financial companies. Mr. Perlowski also serves as a board member for the funds in the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex. Mr. Perlowski’s experience with BlackRock enhances his service as a member of the Executive Committee.

 

 

*

Includes a Trustee who will become an Independent Trustee upon the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering.

 

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Board Leadership Structure and Oversight

The Board has overall responsibility for the oversight of the Trust. The Chair of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer are different people. Not only is the Chair of the Board an Independent Trustee, but also the Chair of each Board committee (each, a “Committee”) is an Independent Trustee. The Board has five standing Committees: an Audit Committee, a Governance and Nominating Committee, a Compliance Committee, a Performance Oversight Committee and an Executive Committee. The role of the Chair of the Board is to preside over all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees between meetings. The Chair of each Committee performs a similar role with respect to the Committee. The Chair of the Board or Chair of a Committee may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board or the Committee from time to time. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of the Trust’s management, in executive sessions or with other service providers to the Trust. The Board has regular meetings five times a year, including a meeting to consider the approval of the Trust’s investment management agreement, and, if necessary, may hold special meetings before its next regular meeting. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to that Committee by the Board and reports its findings to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and to allocate areas of responsibility among Committees and the Board to enhance oversight.

The Board decided to separate the roles of Chief Executive Officer from the Chair because it believes that having an independent Chair:

 

   

increases the independent oversight of the Trust and enhances the Board’s objective evaluation of the Chief Executive Officer;

 

   

allows the Chief Executive Officer to focus on the Trust’s operations instead of Board administration;

 

   

provides greater opportunities for direct and independent communication between shareholders and the Board; and

 

   

provides an independent spokesman for the Trust.

The Board has engaged the Advisor to manage the Trust on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Advisor, other service providers, the operations of the Trust and associated risks in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Company Act, state law, other applicable laws, the Trust’s governing documents, and the Trust’s investment objective and strategies. The Board reviews, on an ongoing basis, the Trust’s performance, operations, and investment strategies and techniques. The Board also conducts reviews of the Advisor and its role in running the operations of the Trust.

Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Trust is the responsibility of the Advisor or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of the Advisor. The Trust is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by the Advisor or other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Trust. Risk oversight is part of the Board’s general oversight of the Trust and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. The Board, directly or through Committees, also reviews reports from, among others, management, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, the Advisor and internal auditors for the Advisor or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Trust and management’s or the service provider’s risk functions. The Committee system facilitates the timely and efficient consideration of matters by the Trustees and facilitates effective oversight of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and of the Trust’s activities and associated risks. The Board has approved the appointment of a Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust’s compliance program and reports regularly to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its service providers. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

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Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee composed of Frank J. Fabozzi (Chair during the Trust’s initial public offering), Lorenzo A. Flores and J. Phillip Holloman, all of whom are Independent Trustees. Following the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering, the Board expects to also appoint to the Audit Committee Catherine A. Lynch (as Chair), who is expected to be an Independent Trustee at the time of such appointment. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to the accounting and financial reporting policies and practices of the Trust. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include, without limitation: (i) approving, and recommending to the full Board for approval, the selection, retention, termination and compensation of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm (the “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”) and evaluating the independence and objectivity of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm; (ii) approving all audit engagement terms and fees for the Trust; (iii) reviewing the conduct and results of each audit; (iv) reviewing any issues raised by the Trust’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm or management regarding the accounting or financial reporting policies and practices of the Trust, its internal controls, and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers and management’s response to any such issues; (v) reviewing and discussing the Trust’s audited and unaudited financial statements and disclosure in the Trust’s shareholder reports relating to the Trust’s performance; (vi) assisting the Board’s responsibilities with respect to the internal controls of the Trust and its service providers with respect to accounting and financial matters; and (vii) resolving any disagreements between the Trust’s management and the Trust’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm regarding financial reporting. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Board’s Audit Committee. A copy of the Audit Committee Charter for the Trust can be found in the “Corporate Governance” section of the BlackRock Closed-End Fund website at https://www.blackrock.com/us/individual/education/closed-end-funds/corporate-governance.

Governance and Nominating Committee. The Board has a standing Governance and Nominating Committee composed of W. Carl Kester (Chair), Cynthia L. Egan, J. Phillip Holloman and R. Glenn Hubbard, all of whom are Independent Trustees. Following the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering, the Board expects to also appoint to the Governance and Nominating Committee Catherine A. Lynch, who is expected to be an Independent Trustee at the time of such appointment. The principal responsibilities of the Governance and Nominating Committee are: (i) identifying individuals qualified to serve as Independent Trustees and recommending Board nominees that are not “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in the Investment Company Act) for election by shareholders or appointment by the Board; (ii) advising the Board with respect to Board composition, procedures and Committees of the Board (other than the Audit Committee); (iii) overseeing periodic self-assessments of the Board and Committees of the Board (other than the Audit Committee); (iv) reviewing and making recommendations in respect to Independent Trustee compensation; (v) monitoring corporate governance matters and making recommendations in respect thereof to the Board; (vi) acting as the administrative committee with respect to Board policies and procedures, committee policies and procedures (other than the Audit Committee) and codes of ethics as they relate to the Independent Trustees; and (vii) reviewing and making recommendations to the Board in respect of Trust share ownership by the Independent Trustees. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Board’s Governance and Nominating Committee.

The Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board seeks to identify individuals to serve on the Board who have a diverse range of viewpoints, qualifications, experiences, backgrounds and skill sets so that the Board will be better suited to fulfill its responsibility of overseeing the Trust’s activities. In so doing, the Governance and Nominating Committee reviews the size of the Board, the ages of the current Trustees and their tenure on the Board, and the skills, background and experiences of the Trustees in light of the issues facing the Trust in determining whether one or more new Trustees should be added to the Board. The Board as a group strives to achieve diversity in terms of gender, race and geographic location. The Governance and Nominating Committee believes that the Trustees as a group possess the array of skills, experiences and backgrounds necessary to guide the Trust. The Trustees’ biographies included herein highlight the diversity and breadth of skills, qualifications and expertise that the Trustees bring to the Trust.

The Governance Committee may consider nominations for Trustees made by the Trust’s shareholders as it deems appropriate. Under the Trust’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, shareholders must follow certain procedures to nominate a person for election as a Trustee at an annual or special meeting, or to introduce an item of business at an annual meeting. Under these advance notice procedures, shareholders must submit the proposed nominee or item of business by delivering a notice to the Secretary of the Trust at its principal executive offices. The Trust must receive notice of a shareholder’s intention to introduce a nomination or proposed item of business for an annual shareholder

 

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meeting not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days before the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual shareholder meeting. However, if the Trust holds its annual shareholder meeting on a date that is not within 25 days before or after the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual shareholder meeting, the Trust must receive the notice of a shareholder’s intention to introduce a nomination or proposed item of business not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which the notice of the date of the shareholder meeting was mailed or the public disclosure of the date of the shareholder meeting was made, whichever comes first.

The Trust’s Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that notice of a proposed nomination must include certain information about the shareholder and the nominee, as well as a written consent of the proposed nominee to serve if elected. A notice of a proposed item of business must include a description of and the reasons for bringing the proposed business to the meeting, any material interest of the shareholder in the business, and certain other information about the shareholder. Further, the Trust has adopted Trustee qualification requirements which can be found in the Trust’s governing documents and are applicable to all Trustees that may be nominated, elected, appointed, qualified or seated to serve as Trustees. The qualification requirements include: (i) age limits; (ii) limits on service on other boards; (iii) restrictions on relationships with investment advisers other than the Advisor; and (iv) character and fitness requirements. In addition to not being an “interested person” of the Trust as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act, each Independent Trustee may not be or have certain relationships with a shareholder owning five percent or more of the Trust’s voting securities or owning other percentage ownership interests in investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act. Reference is made to the Trust’s governing documents for more details.

A copy of the Governance and Nominating Committee Charter for the Trust can be found in the “Corporate Governance” section of the BlackRock Closed-End Fund website at https://www.blackrock.com/us/individual/education/closed-end-funds/corporate-governance.

Compliance Committee. The Board has a Compliance Committee composed of Cynthia L. Egan (Chair), Stayce D. Harris, R. Glenn Hubbard and W. Carl Kester, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Compliance Committee’s purpose is to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibility with respect to the oversight of regulatory and fiduciary compliance matters involving the Trust, the fund-related activities of the Advisor, and any sub-advisers and the Trust’s other third party service providers. The Compliance Committee’s responsibilities include, without limitation: (i) overseeing the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust and its service providers and recommending changes or additions to such policies and procedures; (ii) reviewing information on and, where appropriate, recommending policies concerning the Trust’s compliance with applicable law; (iii) reviewing information on any significant correspondence with or other actions by regulators or governmental agencies with respect to the Trust and any employee complaints or published reports that raise concerns regarding compliance matters; and (iv) reviewing reports from, overseeing the annual performance review of, and making certain recommendations in respect of, the Trust’s CCO, including, without limitation, determining the amount and structure of the CCO’s compensation. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Board’s Compliance Committee.

Performance Oversight Committee. The Board has a Performance Oversight Committee composed of Frank J. Fabozzi (Chair), Cynthia L. Egan, Lorenzo A. Flores, Stayce D. Harris, J. Phillip Holloman, R. Glenn Hubbard and W. Carl Kester, all of whom are Independent Trustees. Following the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering, the Board expects to also appoint to the Performance Oversight Committee Catherine A. Lynch, who is expected to be an Independent Trustee at the time of such appointment. The Performance Oversight Committee’s responsibilities include, without limitation: (i) reviewing the Trust’s investment objective, policies and practices; (ii) recommending to the Board any required action in respect of changes in fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions; (iii) reviewing information on appropriate benchmarks and competitive universes; (iv) reviewing the Trust’s investment performance relative to such benchmarks; (v) reviewing information on unusual or exceptional investment matters; (vi) reviewing whether the Trust has complied with its investment policies and restrictions; and (vii) overseeing policies, procedures and controls regarding valuation of the Trust’s investments. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Board’s Performance Oversight Committee.

Executive Committee. The Board has an Executive Committee composed of R. Glenn Hubbard (Chair) and W. Carl Kester, both of whom are Independent Trustees, and John M. Perlowski, who serves as an interested Trustee. The principal responsibilities of the Executive Committee include, without limitation: (i) acting on routine matters between meetings of the Board; (ii) acting on such matters as may require urgent action between meetings of the Board; and (iii) exercising such other authority as may from time to time be delegated to the Executive Committee by the Board. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Board’s Executive Committee.

 

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Information about the specific experience, skills, attributes and qualifications of each Trustee, which in each case led to the Board’s conclusion that the Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Trust, is provided in “Biographical Information Pertaining to the Trustees.”

Trustee Share Ownership

Information relating to each Trustee’s share ownership in the Trust and in all BlackRock-advised funds that are currently overseen by the respective Trustee (“Supervised Funds”) as of December 31, 2021 is set forth in the chart below.

 

Name of Trustee

   Dollar Rangeof Equity
Securities in the Trust1
     Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in Supervised  Funds2
 

Independent Trustees:

     

Cynthia L. Egan

     None      Over $ 100,000  

Frank J. Fabozzi

     None      Over $ 100,000  

Lorenzo A. Flores

     None      Over $ 100,000  

Stayce D. Harris

     None      Over $ 100,000  

J. Phillip Holloman

     None      Over $ 100,000  

R. Glenn Hubbard

     None      Over $ 100,000  

W. Carl Kester

     None      Over $ 100,000  

Catherine A. Lynch*

     None      Over $ 100,000  

Interested Trustees:

     

Robert Fairbairn

     None      Over $ 100,000  

John M. Perlowski

     None      Over $ 100,000  

 

*

Ms. Catherine A. Lynch may be considered an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust as a result of her ownership of securities of one or more of the Trust’s underwriters in connection with the Trust’s initial public offering. Ms. Lynch will cease to be an “interested person” of the Trust once such underwriters are no longer principal underwriters of the Trust, which is expected to occur upon the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering.

1

As of June 30, 2022. The Trustees could not own shares in the Trust as of December 31, 2021 because the Trust had not yet begun investment operations.

2

Includes share equivalents owned under the deferred compensation plan in the Supervised Funds by certain Independent Trustees who have participated in the deferred compensation plan of the Supervised Funds.

Compensation of Trustees

Each Trustee who is an Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $370,000 per year for his or her services as a Board member of the BlackRock-advised Funds, including the Trust, and each Independent Trustee may also receive a $10,000 Board meeting fee for special unscheduled meetings or meetings in excess of six Board meetings held in a calendar year, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with a Board policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. In addition, the Chair and Vice Chair of the Board are each paid an additional annual retainer of $100,000 and $60,000, respectively. The Chairs of the Audit Committee, Performance Oversight Committee, Compliance Committee, and Governance and Nominating Committee are paid an additional annual retainer of $45,000, $37,500, $45,000 and $37,500, respectively. Each of the members of the Audit Committee, Compliance Committee and Governance and Nominating Committee are paid an additional annual retainer of $30,000, $25,000 and $25,000, respectively, for his or her service on such committee. The Trust will pay a pro rata portion quarterly (based on relative net assets) of the foregoing Trustee fees paid by the funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex.

The Independent Trustees have agreed that a maximum of 50% of each Independent Trustee’s total compensation paid by funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex may be deferred pursuant to the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex’s deferred compensation plan. Under the deferred compensation plan, deferred amounts earn a return for the

 

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Independent Trustees as though equivalent dollar amounts had been invested in shares of certain funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex selected by the Independent Trustees. This has approximately the same economic effect for the Independent Trustees as if they had invested the deferred amounts in such funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex. The deferred compensation plan is not funded and obligations thereunder represent general unsecured claims against the general assets of a fund and are recorded as a liability for accounting purposes.

The following table sets forth the estimated compensation that each of the Trustees would receive from the Trust for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023, and the aggregate compensation, including deferred compensation amounts, paid to them by all BlackRock-advised Funds for the calendar year ended December 31, 2021. Messrs. Fairbairn and Perlowski serve without compensation from the Trust because of their affiliation with BlackRock, Inc. and the Advisor.

 

Name1

   Estimated Compensation
from the Trust
     Estimated Annual
Benefits upon
Retirement
     Aggregate Compensationfrom the
Trust and Other
BlackRock-advised Funds2,3
 

Independent Trustees:

        

Cynthia L. Egan

     $188        None        $440,000  

Frank J. Fabozzi

     $188        None        $478,750  

Lorenzo A. Flores

     $188        None        $167,988  

Stayce D. Harris

     $188        None        $216,875  

J. Phillip Holloman

     $188        None        $218,981  

R. Glenn Hubbard

     $188        None        $432,500  

W. Carl Kester

     $188        None        $443,750  

Catherine A. Lynch*

     $188        None        $441,250  

Interested Trustees:

        

Robert Fairbairn

     None        None        None  

John M. Perlowski

     None        None        None  

 

*

Ms. Catherine A. Lynch may be considered an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust as a result of their ownership of securities of one or more of the Trust’s underwriters in connection with the Trust’s initial public offering. Ms. Lynch will cease to be an “interested person” of the Trust once such underwriters are no longer principal underwriters of the Trust, which is expected to occur upon the completion of the Trust’s initial public offering.

1

For the number of BlackRock-advised Funds from which each Trustee receives compensation see the Biographical Information chart beginning on page S-[18].

2

For the Independent Trustees, this amount represents the aggregate compensation earned from the funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex during the calendar year ended December 31, 2021. Of this amount, Dr. Fabozzi, Mr. Flores, Ms. Harris, Mr. Holloman, Dr. Hubbard, Dr. Kester and Ms. Lynch deferred $71,812, $50,000, $51,514, $52,567, $216,250, $20,000 and $66,187, respectively, pursuant to the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex’s deferred compensation plan.

3

Total amount of deferred compensation payable by the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex to Dr. Fabozzi, Mr. Flores, Ms. Harris, Mr. Holloman, Dr. Hubbard, Dr. Kester and Ms. Lynch is $1,263,915, $50,820, $52,360, $53,430, $3,749,161, $1,769,688 and $395,097, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. Ms. Egan did not participate in the deferred compensation plan as of December 31, 2021.

Independent Trustee Ownership of Securities

As of December 31, 2021, none of the Independent Trustees of the Trust or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the Advisor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Advisor nor did any Independent Trustee of the Trust or their immediate family member have any material interest in any transaction, or series of similar transactions, during the most recently completed two calendar years involving the Trust, the Advisor or any affiliate of the Advisor controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Trust or the Advisor.

 

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As of the date of this SAI, the officers and Trustees of the Trust, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of the outstanding common shares of the Trust.

Information Pertaining to the Officers

Certain biographical and other information relating to the officers of the Trust who are not Trustees is set forth below, including their address and year of birth, principal occupations for at least the last five years and length of time served. With the exception of the CCO, executive officers receive no compensation from the Trust. The Trust compensates the CCO for his services as its CCO.

Each executive officer is an “interested person” of the Trust (as defined in the Investment Company Act) by virtue of that individual’s position with BlackRock or its affiliates described in the table below.

 

Name and Year of

Birth1,2                    

  

Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)

  

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years

Officers Who Are Not Trustees

Jonathan Diorio

 

1980

  

Vice President

(Since 2022)

   Managing Director of BlackRock since 2015; Director of BlackRock from 2011 to 2015.

Trent Walker

 

1974

  

Chief Financial Officer

(Since 2022)

   Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since September 2019; Executive Vice President of PIMCO from 2016 to 2019; Senior Vice President of PIMCO from 2008 to 2015; Treasurer from 2013 to 2019 and Assistant Treasurer from 2007 to 2017 of PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series, PIMCO Equity Series VIT, PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, 2 PIMCO-sponsored interval funds and 21 PIMCO-sponsored closed-end funds.

Jay M. Fife

 

1970

  

Treasurer

(Since 2022)

   Managing Director of BlackRock since 2007.

Charles Park

 

1967

  

Chief Compliance Officer

(Since 2022)

   Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for certain BlackRock-advised Funds from 2014 to 2015; Chief Compliance Officer of BlackRock Advisors, LLC and the BlackRock-advised Funds in the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex and the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex since 2014; Principal of and Chief Compliance Officer for iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC since 2012 and BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”) since 2006; Chief Compliance Officer for the BFA-advised iShares® exchange traded funds since 2006; Chief Compliance Officer for BlackRock Asset Management International Inc. since 2012.

Janey Ahn

 

1975

  

Secretary

(Since 2022)

   Managing Director of BlackRock since 2018; Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2009 to 2017.

 

 

1

The address of each Officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 55 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10055.

2 

Officers of the Trust serve at the pleasure of the Board.

 

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Indemnification of Trustees and Officers

The governing documents of the Trust generally provide that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Trust will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust unless, as to liability to the Trust or its investors, it is finally adjudicated that they engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in their offices. In addition, the Trust will not indemnify Trustees and officers unless there has been a determination (i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of entitlement to indemnification was brought that such indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or, (ii) in the absence of such a decision, by a majority vote of a quorum of those Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust nor parties to the proceeding, that the trustee or officer is entitled to indemnification. Indemnification provisions contained in the Trust’s governing documents are subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law.

Closed-end funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex, including the Trust, have also entered into a separate indemnification agreement with the board members of each board of such funds (the “Indemnification Agreement”). The Indemnification Agreement (i) extends the indemnification provisions contained in a fund’s governing documents to board members who leave that fund’s board and serve on an advisory board of a different fund in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex; (ii) sets in place the terms of the indemnification provisions of a fund’s governing documents once a board member retires from a board; and (iii) in the case of board members who left the board of a fund in connection with or prior to the board consolidation that occurred in 2007 as a result of the merger of BlackRock and Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.’s investment management business, clarifies that such fund continues to indemnify the trustee for claims arising out of his or her past service to that fund.

Principal Owner of Common Shares

Prior to the public offering of the common shares, BlackRock Financial Management, Inc. (“BFM”), an affiliate of the Advisor, purchased common shares from the Trust in an amount satisfying the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the Investment Company Act, which requires the Trust to have a net worth of at least $100,000 prior to making a public offering. As of the date of this SAI, BFM owned 100% of the Trust’s outstanding common shares and therefore may be deemed to control the Trust until such time as it owns less than 25% of the Trust’s outstanding common shares, which is expected to occur upon the closing of this offering. The address of BFM is 40 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022. BFM is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc.

Portfolio Management

Portfolio Manager Assets Under Management

The following table sets forth information about funds and accounts other than the Trust for which the portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of June 30, 2022:

 

     Number of Other Accounts Managed
and Assets by Account Type
   Number of Other Accounts and
Assets for Which Advisory Fee is
Performance-Based
Name of Portfolio Manager    Other
Registered
Investment
Companies
   Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
   Other
Accounts
   Other
Registered
Investment
Companies
   Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
   Other
Accounts

Phillip Soccio

   11    0    0    0    0    0
   $5.45 Billion    $0    $    $0    $0    $0

Christian Romaglino

   11    0    0    0    0    0
   $5.49 Billion    $0    $    $0    $0    $0

Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview

The discussion below describes the portfolio managers’ compensation as of June 30, 2022.

 

S-33


BlackRock’s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock.

Base Compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.

Discretionary Incentive Compensation

Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager’s group within BlackRock, the investment performance, including risk-adjusted returns, of the firm’s assets under management or supervision by that portfolio manager relative to predetermined benchmarks, and the individual’s performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock.    In most cases, these benchmarks are the same as the benchmark or benchmarks against which the performance of the Funds or other accounts managed by the portfolio managers are measured. Among other things, BlackRock’s Chief Investment Officers make a subjective determination with respect to each portfolio manager’s compensation based on the performance of the Funds and other accounts managed by each portfolio manager relative to the various benchmarks. Performance is generally assessed over trailing 1-,3-, and 5-year periods relative to benchmarks plus an alpha target as well as against peer groups. With respect to these portfolio managers, such benchmarks for the Fund and other accounts are: a combination of market-based indices (e.g., Bloomberg Municipal Bond Index), certain customized indices and certain fund industry peer groups..

Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash, deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards, and/or deferred cash awards that notionally track the return of certain BlackRock investment products.

Portfolio managers receive their annual discretionary incentive compensation in the form of cash. Portfolio managers whose total compensation is above a specified threshold also receive deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards annually as part of their discretionary incentive compensation. Paying a portion of discretionary incentive compensation in the form of deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock’s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods. In some cases, additional deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock may be granted to certain key employees as part of a long-term incentive award to aid in retention, align interests with long-term shareholders and motivate performance. Deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that vest pursuant to the terms of the applicable plan and, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. The portfolio managers of this Fund have deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards.

For certain portfolio managers, a portion of the discretionary incentive compensation is also distributed in the form of deferred cash awards that notionally track the returns of select BlackRock investment products they manage, which provides direct alignment of portfolio manager discretionary incentive compensation with investment product results. Deferred cash awards vest ratably over a number of years and, once vested, settle in the form of cash. Only portfolio managers who manage specified products and whose total compensation is above a specified threshold are eligible to participate in the deferred cash award program.

Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base salary and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:

Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (RSP), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the Internal Revenue Service limit ($305,000 for 2022). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into a target date

 

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fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the purchase date. All of the eligible portfolio managers are eligible to participate in these plans.

Securities Ownership of Portfolio Managers

The Trust is a newly-organized closed-end management investment company. Accordingly, as of the date of this SAI, none of the portfolio managers beneficially owned any securities issued by the Trust.

Potential Material Conflicts of Interest

The Advisor has built a professional working environment, firm-wide compliance culture and compliance procedures and systems designed to protect against potential incentives that may favor one account over another. The Advisor has adopted policies and procedures that address the allocation of investment opportunities, execution of portfolio transactions, personal trading by employees and other potential conflicts of interest that are designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably over time. Nevertheless, the Advisor furnishes investment management and advisory services to numerous clients in addition to the Trust, and the Advisor may, consistent with applicable law, make investment recommendations to other clients or accounts (including accounts which are hedge funds or have performance or higher fees paid to the Advisor, or in which portfolio managers have a personal interest in the receipt of such fees), which may be the same as or different from those made to the Trust. In addition, BlackRock, its affiliates and significant shareholders and any officer, director, shareholder or employee may or may not have an interest in the securities whose purchase and sale the Advisor recommends to the Trust. BlackRock, or any of its affiliates or significant shareholders, or any officer, director, shareholder, employee or any member of their families may take different actions than those recommended to the Trust by the Advisor with respect to the same securities. Moreover, the Advisor may refrain from rendering any advice or services concerning securities of companies of which any of BlackRock (or its affiliates’ or significant shareholders’) officers, directors or employees are directors or officers, or companies as to which the Advisor or any of its affiliates or significant shareholders or the officers, directors and employees of any of them has any substantial economic interest or possesses material non-public information. Certain portfolio managers also may manage accounts whose investment strategies may at times be opposed to the strategy utilized for a fund. It should also be noted that a portfolio manager may be managing hedge fund and/or long only accounts, or may be part of a team managing hedge fund and/or long only accounts, subject to incentive fees. Such portfolio manager may therefore be entitled to receive a portion of any incentive fees earned on such accounts. Currently, the portfolio managers of this fund are not entitled to receive a portion of incentive fees of other accounts

As a fiduciary, the Advisor owes a duty of loyalty to its clients and must treat each client fairly. When the Advisor purchases or sells securities for more than one account, the trades must be allocated in a manner consistent with its fiduciary duties. The Advisor attempts to allocate investments in a fair and equitable manner among client accounts, with no account receiving preferential treatment. To this end, the Advisor has adopted policies that are intended to ensure reasonable efficiency in client transactions and provide the Advisor with sufficient flexibility to allocate investments in a manner that is consistent with the particular investment discipline and client base, as appropriate.

Proxy Voting Policies

The Board has delegated the voting of proxies for the Trust’s securities to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisor’s proxy voting guidelines. Under these guidelines, the Advisor will vote proxies related to Trust securities in the best interests of the Trust and its shareholders. From time to time, a vote may present a conflict between the interests of the Trust’s shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, or any affiliated person of the Trust or the Advisor, on the other. In such event, provided that the Advisor’s Equity Investment Policy Oversight Committee, or a sub-committee thereof (the “Oversight Committee”), is aware of the real or potential conflict, if the matter to be voted on represents a material, non-routine matter and if the Oversight Committee does not reasonably believe it is able to follow its general voting guidelines (or if the particular proxy matter is not addressed in the guidelines) and vote impartially, the Oversight Committee may retain an independent fiduciary to advise the Oversight Committee on how to vote or to cast votes on behalf of the Advisor’s clients. If the Advisor determines not to retain an independent fiduciary, or does not desire to follow the advice of such independent fiduciary, the Oversight Committee shall determine how to vote

 

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the proxy after consulting with the Advisor’s Portfolio Management Group and/or the Advisor’s Legal and Compliance Department and concluding that the vote cast is in its client’s best interest notwithstanding the conflict. A copy of the Closed-End Fund Proxy Voting Policy is included as Appendix B to this SAI. Information on how the Trust voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available (i) at www.blackrock.com and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Codes of Ethics

The Trust and the Advisor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. These codes permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust. These codes may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. These codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov), and copies of these codes may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Other Information

BlackRock, Inc. is independent in ownership and governance, with no single majority shareholder and a majority of independent directors.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

Subject to policies established by the Board, the Advisor is primarily responsible for the execution of the Trust’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. The Advisor does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Trust, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While the Advisor generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, the Trust does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the Advisor may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to the Advisor and its clients, including the Trust. In return for such services, the Advisor may cause the Trust to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the Advisor determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.

In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, the Advisor seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for the Trust, taking into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii) the Advisor’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) the Advisor’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer.

Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions. Brokerage and research services include: (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, including pricing and appraisal advice, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis, as well as the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental to securities transactions (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). The Advisor believes that access to independent investment research is beneficial to its investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Trust.

 

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The Advisor may participate in client commission arrangements under which the Advisor may execute transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to the Advisor. The Advisor believes that research services obtained through soft dollar or commission sharing arrangements enhance its investment decision-making capabilities, thereby increasing the prospects for higher investment returns. The Advisor will engage only in soft dollar or commission sharing transactions that comply with the requirements of Section 28(e) The Advisor regularly evaluates the soft dollar products and services utilized, as well as the overall soft dollar and commission sharing arrangements to ensure that trades are executed by firms that are regarded as best able to execute trades for client accounts, while at the same time providing access to the research and other services the Advisor views as impactful to its trading results.

The Advisor may utilize soft dollars and related services, including research (whether prepared by the broker-dealer or prepared by a third-party and provided to the Advisor by the broker-dealer) and execution or brokerage services within applicable rules and the Advisor’s policies to the extent that such permitted services do not compromise the Advisor’s ability to seek to obtain best execution. In this regard, the portfolio management investment and/or trading teams may consider a variety of factors, including the degree to which the broker-dealer: (a) provides access to company management; (b) provides access to their analysts; (c) provides meaningful/insightful research notes on companies or other potential investments; (d) facilitates calls on which meaningful or insightful ideas about companies or potential investments are discussed; (e) facilitates conferences at which meaningful or insightful ideas about companies or potential investments are discussed; or (f) provides research tools such as market data, financial analysis, and other third party related research and brokerage tools that aid in the investment process.

Research-oriented services for which the Advisor might pay with Trust commissions may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies or industries and securities or groups of securities, as well as market, economic, or institutional advice and statistical information, political developments and technical market information that assists in the valuation of investments. Except as noted immediately below, research services furnished by brokers may be used in servicing some or all client accounts and not all services may be used in connection with the Trust or account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. In some cases, research information received from brokers by investment company management personnel, or personnel principally responsible for the Advisor’s individually managed portfolios, is not necessarily shared by and between such personnel. Any investment advisory or other fees paid by the Trust to the Advisor are not reduced as a result of the Advisor’s receipt of research services. In some cases, the Advisor may receive a service from a broker that has both a “research” and a “non-research” use. When this occurs the Advisor makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while the Advisor will use its own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, the Advisor faces a potential conflict of interest, but the Advisor believes that its allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that it appropriately allocates the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.

Payments of commissions to brokers who are affiliated persons of the Trust will be made in accordance with Rule 17e-1 under the Investment Company Act.

From time to time, the Trust may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide the Advisor with research services. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).

The Advisor does not consider sales of shares of the investment companies it advises as a factor in the selection of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions for the Trust; however, whether or not a particular broker or dealer sells shares of the investment companies advised by the Advisor neither qualifies nor disqualifies such broker or dealer to execute transactions for those investment companies.

The Trust anticipates that its brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Trust in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in OTC markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.

 

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The Trust may invest in certain securities traded in the OTC market and intends to deal directly with the dealers who make a market in the particular securities, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere. Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with the Trust and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Trust as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the SEC. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Trust will not deal with affiliated persons in connection with such transactions. However, an affiliated person of the Trust may serve as its broker in OTC transactions conducted on an agency basis provided that, among other things, the fee or commission received by such affiliated broker is reasonable and fair compared to the fee or commission received by non-affiliated brokers in connection with comparable transactions.

OTC issues, including most fixed-income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Trust will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.

Purchases of money market instruments by the Trust are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Trust does not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.

Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.

The Advisor may seek to obtain an undertaking from issuers of commercial paper or dealers selling commercial paper to consider the repurchase of such securities from the Trust prior to maturity at their original cost plus interest (sometimes adjusted to reflect the actual maturity of the securities), if it believes that the Trust’s anticipated need for liquidity makes such action desirable. Any such repurchase prior to maturity reduces the possibility that the Trust would incur a capital loss in liquidating commercial paper, especially if interest rates have risen since acquisition of such commercial paper.

Investment decisions for the Trust and for other investment accounts managed by the Advisor are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. The Advisor allocates investments among client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. A variety of factors will be considered in making such allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings, (ii) tax considerations of an account, (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account, (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level, (v) size of available investment, (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts, (vii) regulatory restrictions, (viii) minimum investment size of an account, (ix) relative size of account, and (x) such other factors as may be approved by the Advisor’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another, (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to the Advisor, (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or prospective client, (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to the Advisor or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to the Advisor, or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts.

Equity securities will generally be allocated among client accounts within the same investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro-rata allocation may result in the Trust receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of equity securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints.

 

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Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When the Advisor is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to the Advisor’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible client accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by the Advisor to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.

Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, the Advisor may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, the Advisor may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of the Advisor or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by the Advisor on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other of the Advisor’s clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Trust or other clients or funds for which the Advisor or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.

In certain instances, the Advisor may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Trust is concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Trust. Transactions effected by the Advisor on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.

The Trust will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which the Advisor or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the Investment Company Act. In no instance will portfolio securities be purchased from or sold to the Advisor or any affiliated person of the foregoing entities except as permitted by SEC exemptive order or by applicable law.

While the Trust generally does not expect to engage in trading for short-term gains, it will effect portfolio transactions without regard to any holding period if, in the Advisor’s judgment, such transactions are advisable in light of a change in circumstances of a particular company or within a particular industry or in general market, economic or financial conditions. The portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of the Trust’s annual sales or purchases of portfolio securities (exclusive of purchases or sales of U.S. Government Securities and all other securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less) by the monthly average value of the securities in the

 

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portfolio during the year. A high rate of portfolio turnover results in certain tax consequences, such as increased capital gain dividends and/or ordinary income dividends, and in correspondingly greater transaction costs in the form of dealer spreads and brokerage commissions, which are borne directly by the Trust.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Certain activities of BlackRock, Inc., the Advisor and the other subsidiaries of BlackRock, Inc. (collectively referred to in this section as “BlackRock”) and their respective directors, officers or employees, with respect to the Trust and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.

BlackRock is one of the world’s largest asset management firms. BlackRock, its subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers and employees, including the business units or entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of the Trust, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including managing equities, fixed-income securities, cash and alternative investments, and other financial services, and have interests other than that of managing the Trust. These are considerations of which investors in the Trust should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Trust and its shareholders. These businesses and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other relationships with, or interests in companies and interests in securities or other instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Trust.

BlackRock has proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of the Trust and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Trust. BlackRock is also a major participant in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case, for the accounts of clients and, in some cases, on a proprietary basis. As such, BlackRock is or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which the Trust invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which the Trust invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Trust’s performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or client accounts, will be executed independently of the Trust’s transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Trust.

When BlackRock seeks to purchase or sell the same assets for client accounts, including the Trust, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in its good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for the Trust. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of the Trust, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur with respect to BlackRock-advised accounts when investment decisions regarding the Trust are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for the Trust, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Trust receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Trust could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause the Trust to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Trust may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Trust may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) BlackRock or its other accounts or funds. and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by the Trust may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) BlackRock or its other accounts or funds.

BlackRock, on behalf of other client accounts, on the one hand, and the Trust, on the other hand, may invest in or extend credit to different parts of the capital structure of a single issuer. BlackRock may pursue rights, provide advice or engage in other activities, or refrain from pursuing rights, providing advice or engaging in other activities, on behalf of other clients with respect to an issuer in which the Trust has invested, and such actions (or refraining from action) may have a material adverse effect on the Trust. In situations in which clients of BlackRock (including the Trust) hold positions in multiple parts of the capital structure of an issuer, BlackRock may not pursue certain actions or remedies

 

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that may be available to the Trust, as a result of legal and regulatory requirements or otherwise. BlackRock addresses these and other potential conflicts of interest based on the facts and circumstances of particular situations. For example, BlackRock may determine to rely on information barriers between different business units or portfolio management teams. BlackRock may also determine to rely on the actions of similarly situated holders of loans or securities rather than, or in connection with, taking such actions itself on behalf of the Trust.

In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Trust may invest its assets in other funds advised by BlackRock, including funds that are managed by one or more of the same portfolio managers, which could result in conflicts of interest relating to asset allocation, timing of Trust purchases and redemptions, and increased remuneration and profitability for BlackRock and/or its personnel, including portfolio managers.

In certain circumstances, BlackRock, on behalf of the Trust, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BlackRock. BlackRock may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BlackRock clients (“cross trades”), including the Trust, if BlackRock believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party’s investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BlackRock’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Trust. BlackRock may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions.

BlackRock and its clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which the Trust has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Trust. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Trust’s investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its clients, and transactions for the Trust may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.

The results of the Trust’s investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock for its proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) which it manages or advises. It is possible that one or more accounts managed or advised by BlackRock and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by the Trust. Moreover, it is possible that the Trust will sustain losses during periods in which one or more proprietary or other accounts managed or advised by BlackRock achieve significant profits. The opposite result is also possible.

From time to time, the Trust may be restricted from purchasing or selling securities, or from engaging in other investment activities because of regulatory, legal or contractual requirements applicable to BlackRock or other accounts managed or advised by BlackRock, and/or the internal policies of BlackRock designed to comply with such requirements. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock is performing services or when position limits have been reached. For example, the investment activities of BlackRock for its proprietary accounts and accounts under its management may limit the investment opportunities for the Trust in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.

In connection with its management of the Trust, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by BlackRock. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of the Trust in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, BlackRock will not have any obligation to make available any information regarding its proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of the Trust and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Trust. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by BlackRock or other client accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing the Trust.

In addition, certain principals and certain employees of the Advisor are also principals or employees of other business units or entities within BlackRock. As a result, these principals and employees may have obligations to such other business units or entities or their clients and such obligations to other business units or entities or their clients may be a consideration of which investors in the Trust should be aware.

 

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BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of the Trust in which clients of BlackRock, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC and applicable law, BlackRock, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party’s interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Trust, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Trust obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by the Trust may enhance the profitability of BlackRock.

BlackRock may also create, write or issue derivatives for its clients, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which the Trust invests or which may be based on the performance of the Trust. BlackRock has entered into an arrangement with Markit Indices Limited, the index provider for underlying fixed-income indexes used by certain iShares ETFs, related to derivative fixed-income products that are based on such iShares ETFs. BlackRock will receive certain payments for licensing intellectual property belonging to BlackRock and for facilitating provision of data in connection with such derivative products, which may include payments based on the trading volumes of, or revenues generated by, the derivative products. The Trust and other accounts managed by BlackRock may from time to time transact in such derivative products where permitted by the Trust’s investment strategy, which could contribute to the viability of such derivative products by making them more appealing to funds and accounts managed by third parties, and in turn lead to increased payments to BlackRock. Trading activity in these derivative products could also potentially lead to greater liquidity for such products, increased purchase activity with respect to these iShares ETFs and increased assets under management for BlackRock.

The Trust may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by BlackRock and may also enter into transactions with other clients of BlackRock where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Trust.

At times, these activities may cause business units or entities within BlackRock to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Trust. To the extent such transactions are permitted, the Trust will deal with BlackRock on an arms-length basis.

To the extent authorized by applicable law, BlackRock may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for the Trust. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by BlackRock will be in its view commercially reasonable, although BlackRock, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to BlackRock and such sales personnel, which may have an adverse effect on the Trust.

Subject to applicable law, BlackRock (and its personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Trust as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities. No accounting to the Trust or its shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Trust or its shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by BlackRock of any such fees or other amounts.

When BlackRock acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Trust, BlackRock may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Trust. The Trust will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Trust’s own credit standing. BlackRock will not have any obligation to allow its credit to be used in connection with the Trust’s establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Trust’s counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock in evaluating the Trust’s creditworthiness.

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BIM”), an affiliate of BlackRock, pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, acts as securities lending agent to, and receives a share of securities lending revenues from, the Trust. BIM may receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There are potential conflicts of interests in managing a securities lending program, including but not limited to: (i) BIM as securities lending agent may have an incentive to increase or decrease the amount of securities on loan or to lend particular securities in order to generate additional risk-adjusted revenue for BIM and its affiliates; and (ii) BIM as securities lending agent may have an incentive to allocate loans to clients that would provide more revenue to BIM. As described further below, BIM seeks to mitigate this conflict by providing its securities lending clients with equal lending opportunities over time in order to approximate pro-rata allocation.

 

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As part of its securities lending program, BlackRock indemnifies certain clients and/or funds against a shortfall in collateral in the event of borrower default. BlackRock calculates, on a regular basis, its potential dollar exposure to the risk of collateral shortfall upon counterparty default (“shortfall risk”) under the securities lending program for both indemnified and non-indemnified clients. On a periodic basis, BlackRock also determines the maximum amount of potential indemnified shortfall risk arising from securities lending activities (“indemnification exposure limit”) and the maximum amount of counterparty-specific credit exposure (“credit limits”) BlackRock is willing to assume as well as the program’s operational complexity. BlackRock oversees the risk model that calculates projected shortfall values using loan-level factors such as loan and collateral type and market value as well as specific borrower counterparty credit characteristics. When necessary, BlackRock may further adjust other securities lending program attributes by restricting eligible collateral or reducing counterparty credit limits. As a result, the management of the indemnification exposure limit may affect the amount of securities lending activity BlackRock may conduct at any given point in time and impact indemnified and non-indemnified clients by reducing the volume of lending opportunities for certain loans (including by asset type, collateral type and/or revenue profile).

BlackRock uses a predetermined systematic process in order to approximate pro rata allocation over time. In order to allocate a loan to a portfolio: (i) BlackRock as a whole must have sufficient lending capacity pursuant to the various program limits (i.e. indemnification exposure limit and counterparty credit limits); (ii) the lending portfolio must hold the asset at the time a loan opportunity arrives; and (iii) the lending portfolio must also have enough inventory, either on its own or when aggregated with other portfolios into one single market delivery, to satisfy the loan request. In doing so, BlackRock seeks to provide equal lending opportunities for all portfolios, independent of whether BlackRock indemnifies the portfolio. Equal opportunities for lending portfolios does not guarantee equal outcomes. Specifically, short and long-term outcomes for individual clients may vary due to asset mix, asset/liability spreads on different securities, and the overall limits imposed by the firm.

Purchases and sales of securities and other assets for the Trust may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts, including with accounts that pay different transaction costs solely due to the fact that they have different research payment arrangements. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if they determine that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.

Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Trust will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Trust. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Trust will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.

As discussed in the section entitled “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI, BlackRock, unless prohibited by applicable law, may cause the Trust or account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer.

Subject to applicable law, BlackRock may select brokers that furnish BlackRock, the Trust, other BlackRock client accounts or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock’s view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and OTC transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products.

Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Trust and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Trust based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Trust and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client’s commissions may not be used in managing that client’s account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Trust and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.

 

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BlackRock, unless prohibited by applicable law, may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock, unless prohibited by applicable law, may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.

BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) (including, without limitation, ECNs in which BlackRock has an investment or other interest, to the extent permitted by applicable law) in executing client securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or markups/markdowns, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and markups/markdowns, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Trust. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.

BlackRock owns a minority interest in, and is a member of, Members Exchange (“MEMX”), a newly created U.S. stock exchange. Transactions for a Fund may be executed on MEMX if third party brokers select MEMX as the appropriate venue for execution of orders placed by BlackRock traders on behalf of client portfolios.

BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Trust, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock’s fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see Appendix B.

It is possible that the Trust may invest in securities of, or engage in transactions with, companies in which BlackRock has significant debt or equity investments or other interests. The Trust may also invest in issuances (such as structured notes) by entities for which BlackRock provides and is compensated for cash management services relating to the proceeds from the sale of such issuances. In making investment decisions for the Trust, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any unit of BlackRock, in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of BlackRock may limit the Trust’s flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. As indicated below, BlackRock may engage in transactions with companies in which BlackRock-advised funds or other clients of BlackRock have an investment.

BlackRock may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for such clients’ accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by the Trust’s pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Trust’s pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to the Trust’s pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Trust’s pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.

As disclosed in more detail in “Net Asset Value” in the prospectus, when market quotations are not readily available or are believed by BlackRock to be unreliable, the Trust’s investments are valued at fair value by BlackRock’s Valuation Committee (the “Valuation Committee”), in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Board (the “Valuation Procedures”). When determining a “fair value price,” the Valuation Committee seeks to determine the price that the Trust might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction. The price generally may not be determined based on what the Trust might reasonably

 

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expect to receive for selling an asset or liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Trust’s NAV. As a result, the Trust’s sale or repurchase of its shares at NAV, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by the Valuation Committee at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and may affect the amount of revenue received by BlackRock with respect to services for which it receives an asset-based fee.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Trust may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, the Trust, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund or other similarly-managed private fund in which it invests, which may result in the Trust bearing some additional expenses.

BlackRock and its directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of the Trust. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, and employees of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Trust. To lessen the possibility that the Trust will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Trust and the Advisor each have adopted a Code of Ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Trust’s portfolio transactions. Each Code of Ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov.

BlackRock will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, the Trust, except that the Trust may in accordance with rules or guidance adopted under the Investment Company Act engage in transactions with another fund or accounts that are affiliated with the Trust as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Trust and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for the Trust to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Trust to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of the Trust may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock and/or BlackRock’s internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit its advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which BlackRock is performing advisory or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when BlackRock is engaged to provide advisory or risk management services for a company, BlackRock may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company on behalf of the Trust, particularly where such services result in BlackRock obtaining material non-public information about the company (e.g., in connection with participation in a creditors’ committee). Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Trust wishes to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, and where consistent with BlackRock’s policies and procedures (including the necessary implementation of appropriate information barriers), the Trust may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies, are the subject of an advisory or risk management assignment by BlackRock, or where personnel of BlackRock are directors or officers of the issuer.

The investment activities of BlackRock for its proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Trust. For example, in certain circumstances where the Trust invests in securities issued by companies that operate in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, or are subject to corporate or regulatory ownership restrictions, or invest in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount invested by BlackRock for its proprietary accounts and for client accounts (including the Trust) that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent,

 

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or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Trust or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions. If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Trust) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock on behalf of its clients (including the Trust) may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict, forgo or limit the exercise of rights (including transferring, outsourcing or limiting voting rights or forgoing the right to receive dividends) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.

In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Trust), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer’s weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage the Trust. If client (including Trust) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.

In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.

BlackRock may maintain securities indices. To the extent permitted by applicable laws, the Trust may seek to license and use such indices as part of their investment strategy. Index based funds that seek to track the performance of securities indices also may use the name of the index or index provider in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock (to the extent permitted by applicable law), may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock is not obligated to license its indices to the Trust and the Trust is under no obligation to use BlackRock indices. The Trust cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock will be as favorable as those terms offered to other licensees.

BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third-party service providers to the Trust (e.g., custodians, administrators and index providers) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock.

BlackRock owns or has an ownership interest in certain trading, portfolio management, operations and/or information systems used by Trust service providers. These systems are, or will be, used by the Trust service provider in connection with the provision of services to accounts managed by BlackRock and funds managed and sponsored by BlackRock, including the Trust, that engage the service provider (typically the custodian). The Trust’s service provider remunerates BlackRock for the use of the systems. The Trust’s service provider’s payments to BlackRock for the use of these systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock.

BlackRock’s receipt of fees from a service provider in connection with the use of systems provided by BlackRock may create an incentive for BlackRock to recommend that the Trust enter into or renew an arrangement with the service provider.

In recognition of a BlackRock client’s overall relationship with BlackRock, BlackRock may offer special pricing arrangements for certain services provided by BlackRock. Any such special pricing arrangements will not affect Trust fees and expenses applicable to such client’s investment in the Trust.

Present and future activities of BlackRock and its directors, officers and employees, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

Common Shares

The Trust intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the common shares are listed on a national securities exchange; such meetings are required as a condition to such listing and as otherwise required by its governing documents.

Preferred Shares

Within approximately six months after the completion of the offering of the common shares, the Trust intends to use leverage for investment purposes through the issuance of preferred shares, subject to market conditions being conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through the issuance of preferred shares. Although the terms of any preferred shares that the Trust might issue in the future, including dividend rate, liquidation preference and redemption provisions, will be determined by the Board, subject to applicable law and the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, it is likely that any such preferred shares issued would be structured to carry a relatively short-term dividend rate reflecting interest rates on short-term debt securities, by providing for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through a fixed spread or remarketing procedure, subject to a maximum rate which would increase over time in the event of an extended period of unsuccessful remarketing. The Trust also believes that it is likely that the liquidation preference, voting rights and redemption provisions of any such preferred shares would be similar to those stated below.

Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Trust, the holders of preferred shares will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution, which would be expected to equal the original purchase price per preferred share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of common shares. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred shares would not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Trust.

Voting Rights. The Investment Company Act requires that the holders of any preferred shares, voting separately as a single class, have the right to elect at least two Trustees at all times. The remaining Trustees will be elected by holders of common shares and preferred shares, voting together as a single class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the holders of any preferred shares have the right to elect a majority of the Trustees at any time two years’ dividends on any preferred shares are unpaid. The Investment Company Act also requires that, in addition to any approval by shareholders that might otherwise be required, the approval of the holders of a majority of any outstanding preferred shares, voting separately as a class, would be required to (1) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the preferred shares, and (2) take any action requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of the Investment Company Act, including, among other things, changes in the Trust’s sub-classification as a closed-end investment company or changes in its fundamental investment restrictions. As a result of these voting rights, the Trust’s ability to take any such actions may be impeded to the extent that there are any preferred shares outstanding. The Board presently intends that, except as otherwise indicated in the prospectus or this SAI and except as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of any preferred shares will have equal voting rights with holders of common shares (one vote per share, unless otherwise required by the Investment Company Act) and will vote together with holders of common shares as a single class.

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees, and the holders of not less than 75% of any outstanding preferred shares, voting as a separate class, would be required to amend, alter or repeal any of the preferences, rights or powers of holders of preferred shares so as to (i) reduce the amount payable thereon upon liquidation of the Trust or (ii) diminish or eliminate any voting rights pertaining thereto (except that such restrictions do not limit the Board’s ability to authorize or cause the Trust to issue other securities). The class vote of holders of preferred shares described above would in each case be in addition to any other vote required to authorize the action in question.

Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares by the Trust. The terms of any preferred shares are expected to provide that (1) they are redeemable by the Trust in whole or in part at the original purchase price per share plus accrued dividends per share, (2) the Trust may tender for or purchase preferred shares and (3) the Trust may subsequently resell any shares so tendered for or purchased. Any redemption or purchase of preferred shares by the Trust would reduce the leverage applicable to the common shares, while any resale of shares by the Trust would increase that leverage.

 

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Liquidity Feature. Preferred shares may include a liquidity feature that allows holders of preferred shares to have their shares purchased by a liquidity provider in the event that sell orders have not been matched with purchase orders and successfully settled in a remarketing. The Trust would pay a fee to the provider of this liquidity feature, which would be borne by common shareholders of the Trust. The terms of such liquidity feature may require the Trust to redeem preferred shares still owned by the liquidity provider following a certain period of continuous, unsuccessful remarketing, which may adversely impact the Trust.

The discussion above describes the possible offering of preferred shares by the Trust. If the Board determines to proceed with such an offering, the terms of the preferred shares may be the same as, or different from, the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust. The Board, without the approval of the holders of common shares, may authorize an offering of preferred shares or may determine not to authorize such an offering, and may fix the terms of the preferred shares to be offered.

Other Shares

The Board (subject to applicable law and the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust) may authorize an offering, without the approval of the holders of common shares and, depending on their terms, any preferred shares outstanding at that time, of other classes of shares, or other classes or series of shares, as they determine to be necessary, desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the Board sees fit. The Trust currently does not expect to issue any other classes of shares, or series of shares, except for the common shares.

REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES

The Trust is a closed-end management investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Trust to redeem their shares. Instead, the Trust’s common shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), NAV, call protection for portfolio securities, dividend stability, liquidity, relative demand for and supply of the common shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, market sentiment and other factors. Because shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than NAV, the Board may consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from NAV in respect of common shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares, or the conversion of the Trust to an open-end investment company. The Board may decide not to take any of these actions. In addition, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tender offers, if undertaken, will reduce market discount.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time when the Trust has preferred shares outstanding, the Trust may not purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its common shares unless (1) all accrued preferred share dividends have been paid and (2) at the time of such purchase, redemption or acquisition, the NAV of the Trust’s portfolio (determined after deducting the acquisition price of the common shares) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of any outstanding preferred shares (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon). Any service fees incurred in connection with any tender offer (excluding the Eligible Tender Offer described in the prospectus) made by the Trust will be borne by the Trust and will not reduce the stated consideration to be paid to tendering shareholders.

Subject to its investment restrictions, the Trust may borrow to finance the repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Trust in anticipation of share repurchases or tender offers will reduce the Trust’s net income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board would have to comply with the Exchange Act, the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Although the decision to take action in response to a discount from NAV will be made by the Board at the time it considers such issue, it is the Board’s present policy, which may be changed by the Board, not to authorize repurchases of common shares or a tender offer for such shares if: (i) such transactions, if consummated, would (a) result in the

 

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delisting of the common shares from the NYSE, or (b) impair the Trust’s status as a RIC under the Code, (which would make the Trust a taxable entity, causing the Trust’s income to be taxed at the corporate level in addition to the taxation of shareholders who receive dividends from the Trust) or as a registered closed-end investment company under the Investment Company Act; (ii) the Trust would not be able to liquidate portfolio securities in an orderly manner and consistent with the Trust’s investment objectives and policies in order to repurchase shares; or (iii) there is, in the Board’s judgment, any (a) material legal action or proceeding instituted or threatened challenging such transactions or otherwise materially adversely affecting the Trust, (b) general suspension of or limitation on prices for trading securities on the NYSE, (c) declaration of a banking moratorium by federal or state authorities or any suspension of payment by United States or New York banks, (d) material limitation affecting the Trust or the issuers of its portfolio securities by federal or state authorities on the extension of credit by lending institutions or on the exchange of foreign currency, (e) commencement of war, armed hostilities or other international or national calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States, or (f) other event or condition which would have a material adverse effect (including any adverse tax effect) on the Trust or its shareholders if shares were repurchased. The Board may in the future modify these conditions in light of experience.

The repurchase by the Trust of its shares at prices below NAV will result in an increase in the NAV of those shares that remain outstanding. However, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tender offers at or below NAV will result in the Trust’s common shares trading at a price equal to their NAV. Nevertheless, the fact that the Trust’s common shares may be the subject of repurchases or tender offers from time to time, or that the Trust may be converted to an open-end investment company, may reduce any spread between market price and NAV that might otherwise exist.

In addition, a purchase by the Trust of its common shares will decrease the Trust’s net assets which would likely have the effect of increasing the Trust’s expense ratio. Any purchase by the Trust of its common shares at a time when preferred shares are outstanding will increase the leverage applicable to the outstanding common shares then remaining.

Before deciding whether to take any action if the common shares trade below NAV (including approving the Eligible Tender Offer), the Board would likely consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Trust’s portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Trust or its shareholders and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Trust’s common shares should trade at a discount, the Board may determine that, in the interest of the Trust and its shareholders, no action should be taken.

TAX MATTERS

The following is a description of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to a shareholder of acquiring, holding and disposing of common shares of the Trust. Except as otherwise noted, this discussion assumes you are a taxable U.S. holder (as defined below). This discussion is based upon current provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder and judicial and administrative authorities, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations by the courts or the IRS, possibly with retroactive effect. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal income tax concerns affecting the Trust and its shareholders, and the discussions set forth here do not constitute tax advice. This discussion assumes that investors hold common shares of the Trust as capital assets (for investment). The Trust has not sought and will not seek any ruling from the IRS regarding any matters discussed herein. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to those set forth below. This summary does not discuss any aspects of foreign, state or local tax. Prospective investors must consult their own tax advisers as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences (including the alternative minimum tax consequences) of acquiring, holding and disposing of the Trust’s common shares, as well as the effects of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws.

In addition, no attempt is made to address tax considerations applicable to an investor with a special tax status, such as a financial institution, REIT, insurance company, regulated investment company, individual retirement account, other tax-exempt organization, dealer in securities or currencies, person holding shares of the Trust as part of a hedging, integrated, conversion or straddle transaction, trader in securities that has elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for its securities, U.S. holder (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, accrual method investor with “applicable financial statements” within the meaning of section 451(b) of the Code, or non-U.S. investor. Furthermore, this discussion does not reflect possible application of the alternative minimum tax.

 

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A U.S. holder is a beneficial owner that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

   

a citizen or individual resident of the United States (including certain former citizens and former long-term residents);

 

   

a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

   

an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

   

a trust with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions or the trust has made a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

Taxation of the Trust

The Trust intends to elect to be treated and to qualify to be taxed as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Trust must, among other things, satisfy certain requirements relating to the sources of its income, diversification of its assets, and distribution of its income to its shareholders. First, the Trust must derive at least 90% of its annual gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in the Code) (the “90% gross income test”). Second, the Trust must diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Trust’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities and securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers controlled by the Trust and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or any one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.”

As long as the Trust qualifies as a RIC, the Trust will generally not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes each taxable year to its shareholders, provided that in such taxable year it distributes at least 90% of the sum of (i) its net tax-exempt interest income, if any, and (ii) its “investment company taxable income” (which includes, among other items, dividends, taxable interest, taxable original issue discount and market discount income, income from securities lending, net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, and any other taxable income other than “net capital gain” (as defined below) and is reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid. The Trust may retain for investment its net capital gain (which consists of the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss). However, if the Trust retains any net capital gain or any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained.

The Code imposes a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the Trust to the extent the Trust does not distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gain or loss) for the calendar year and (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain in excess of its capital loss (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made to use the Trust’s fiscal year). In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any under-distribution or over-distribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Trust will be deemed to have distributed any income on which it paid U.S. federal income tax. While the Trust intends to distribute any income and capital gain in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% nondeductible excise tax, there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Trust’s taxable income and capital gain will be distributed to entirely avoid the imposition of the excise tax. In that event, the Trust will be liable for the excise tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.

 

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If in any taxable year the Trust should fail to qualify under Subchapter M of the Code for tax treatment as a RIC, the Trust would incur a regular corporate U.S. federal income tax upon all of its taxable income for that year, and all distributions to its shareholders (including distributions of tax-exempt interest or of net capital gain) would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Trust’s earnings and profits. Provided that certain holding period and other requirements were met, such dividends would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. In addition, to qualify again to be taxed as a RIC in a subsequent year, the Trust would be required to distribute to shareholders its earnings and profits attributable to non-RIC years. In addition, if the Trust failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, then, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year, the Trust would be required to elect to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Trust had been liquidated) or, alternatively, be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years.

The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Trust qualifies for taxation as a RIC.

The Trust’s Investments

Certain of the Trust’s investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules) that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains or qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (iii) convert ordinary loss or a deduction into capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause the Trust to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not be “qualified” income for purposes of the 90% annual gross income requirement described above. These U.S. federal income tax provisions could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to common shareholders. The Trust intends to monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections and may be required to dispose of securities to mitigate the effect of these provisions and prevent disqualification of the Trust as a RIC. Additionally, the Trust may be required to limit its activities in derivative instruments in order to enable it to maintain its RIC status.

The Trust may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade securities, commonly known as “junk” securities. Investments in these types of securities may present special tax issues for the Trust. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Trust may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether modifications or exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues could affect the Trust’s ability to distribute sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC or to avoid the imposition of U.S. federal income or excise tax.

Certain debt securities acquired by the Trust may be treated as debt securities that were originally issued at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount is treated as interest income and is included in taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Trust in order to qualify as a RIC and avoid U.S. federal income tax or the 4% excise tax on undistributed income) over the term of the security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures.

If the Trust purchases a debt security on a secondary market at a price lower than its adjusted issue price, the excess of the adjusted issue price over the purchase price is “market discount.” Unless the Trust makes an election to accrue market discount on a current basis, generally, any gain realized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on the debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. If the Trust ultimately collects less on the debt instrument than its purchase price plus the market discount previously included in income, the Trust may not be able to benefit from any offsetting loss deductions. The Trust will recognize ordinary income on the sale of market discount bonds, and any income dividends the Trust pays to taxable investors from this income will be taxable as ordinary income. A bond purchased at a market discount and held to maturity will have a larger portion of its total return in the form of taxable income and capital gain and less in the form of tax-exempt interest income than a comparable bond newly issued at current market rates.

 

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The Trust may invest in preferred securities or other securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by the Trust, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the Trust, potentially requiring the Trust to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to RICs under the Code.

Gain or loss on the sale of securities by the Trust will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if the securities have been held by the Trust for more than one year. Gain or loss on the sale of securities held for one year or less will be short-term capital gain or loss.

Foreign currency gain or loss on foreign currency exchange contracts, non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities contracts, and non-U.S. dollar-denominated futures contracts, options and forward contracts that are not section 1256 contracts (as defined below) generally will be treated as ordinary income and loss.

Income from options on individual securities written by the Trust will generally not be recognized by the Trust for tax purposes until an option is exercised, lapses or is subject to a “closing transaction” (as defined by applicable regulations) pursuant to which the Trust’s obligations with respect to the option are otherwise terminated. If the option lapses without exercise, the premiums received by the Trust from the writing of such options will generally be characterized as short-term capital gain. If the Trust enters into a closing transaction, the difference between the premiums received and the amount paid by the Trust to close out its position will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. If an option written by the Trust is exercised, thereby requiring the Trust to sell the underlying security, the premium will increase the amount realized upon the sale of the security, and the character of any gain on such sale of the underlying security as short-term or long-term capital gain will depend on the holding period of the Trust in the underlying security. Because the Trust will not have control over the exercise of the options it writes, such exercises or other required sales of the underlying securities may cause the Trust to realize gains or losses at inopportune times.

Options on indices of securities and sectors of securities that qualify as “section 1256 contracts” will generally be treated as “marked-to-market” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Trust will generally recognize gain or loss on the last day of each taxable year equal to the difference between the value of the option on that date and the adjusted basis of the option. The adjusted basis of the option will consequently be increased by such gain or decreased by such loss. Any gain or loss with respect to options on indices and sectors that qualify as “section 1256 contracts” will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss to the extent of 40% of such gain or loss and long-term capital gain or loss to the extent of 60% of such gain or loss. Because the mark-to-market rules may cause the Trust to recognize gain in advance of the receipt of cash, the Trust may be required to dispose of investments in order to meet its distribution requirements. “Mark-to-market” losses may be suspended or otherwise limited if such losses are part of a straddle or similar transaction.

Taxation of Common Shareholders

As long as the Trust remains qualified as a RIC, distributions by the Trust of its tax-exempt interest on municipal securities, if properly reported by the Trust to its shareholders (“exempt-interest dividends”), will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax. In order for the Trust to pay exempt-interest dividends, at least 50% of the value of the Trust’s total assets must consist of tax-exempt obligations on a quarterly basis. Although the Trust intends to meet this requirement, no assurance can be given in this regard. If the Trust failed to do so, it would not be able to pay tax-exempt dividends, and distributions to shareholders attributable to interest received by the Trust from any source (including distributions of tax-exempt interest income) would be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Trust’s earnings and profits.

Although the Trust does not seek to realize taxable income or capital gains, the Trust may realize and distribute taxable income or capital gains from time to time as a result of the Trust’s normal investment activities. Distributions by the Trust of investment company taxable income (as defined above), if any, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (to the extent of the current or accumulated earning and profits of the Trust). Due to the Trust’s expected investments, in general, taxable distributions will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporate shareholders under the Code or the reduced rate on qualified dividend income.

 

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The Trust will either distribute or retain for reinvestment all or part of its net capital gain. If any such gain is retained, the Trust will be subject to a corporate income tax on such retained amount. In that event, the Trust expects to report the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a notice to its common shareholders, each of whom, if subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes as long-term capital gain its share of such undistributed amounts, (ii) will be entitled to credit its proportionate share of the tax paid by the Trust against its U.S. federal income tax liability and to claim refunds to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability and (iii) will increase its basis in its common shares by the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income less the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii).

Distributions paid to shareholders by the Trust from its net capital gain, if any, that the Trust properly reports as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) are taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long a shareholder has held its common shares. 

Any distributions that are in excess of the Trust’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in its common shares, and thereafter as capital gain from the sale of common shares. The amount of any Trust distribution that is treated as a return of capital will reduce a shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in its common shares, thereby increasing the potential gain or reducing the potential loss on any subsequent sale or other disposition of the common shares.

Common shareholders may be entitled to offset their capital gain dividends with capital losses. The Code contains a number of statutory provisions affecting when capital losses may be offset against capital gain, and limiting the use of losses from certain investments and activities. Accordingly, common shareholders that have capital losses are urged to consult their tax advisers.

Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to shareholders even though they are reinvested in additional common shares of the Trust. Dividends and other distributions paid by the Trust are generally treated under the Code as received by shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. If, however, the Trust pays a dividend in January that was declared in the previous October, November or December to common shareholders of record on a specified date in one of such months, then such dividend will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as being paid by the Trust and received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared. In addition, certain other distributions made after the close of the Trust’s taxable year may be “spilled back” and treated as paid by the Trust (except for purposes of the 4% nondeductible excise tax) during such taxable year. In such case, shareholders will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distributions were actually made.

The price of common shares purchased at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming distribution. Those purchasing common shares just prior to the record date for a distribution will receive a distribution which will be taxable to them even though it represents, economically, a return of invested capital.

The Trust will send information to shareholders after the end of each year setting forth the amount and tax status of any distributions paid by the Trust.

The sale or other disposition of common shares will generally result in capital gain or loss to shareholders and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has held such common shares for more than one year at the time of sale. Any loss upon the sale or other disposition of common shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) with respect to such common shares. Any loss recognized on a sale or other disposition of common shares will be disallowed if a shareholder acquire other common shares (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after your sale or exchange of the common shares. In such case, the shareholder’s tax basis in the common shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

If the Trust conducts a tender offer for its shares (as described in the prospectus), a repurchase by the Trust of a shareholder’s shares pursuant to such tender offer generally will be treated as a sale or exchange of the shares by a shareholder provided that either (i) the shareholder tenders, and the Trust repurchases, all of such shareholder’s shares, thereby reducing the shareholder’s percentage ownership of the Trust, whether directly or by attribution under Section 318

 

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of the Code, to 0%, (ii) the shareholder meets numerical safe harbors under the Code with respect to percentage voting interest and reduction in ownership of the Trust following completion of the tender offer, or (iii) the tender offer otherwise results in a “meaningful reduction” of the shareholder’s ownership percentage interest in the Trust, which determination depends on a particular shareholder’s facts and circumstances.

If a tendering shareholder’s proportionate ownership of the Trust (determined after applying the ownership attribution rules under Section 318 of the Code) is not reduced to the extent required under the tests described above, such shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution from the Trust under Section 301 of the Code with respect to the shares held (or deemed held under Section 318 of the Code) by the shareholder after the tender offer (a “Section 301 distribution”). The amount of this distribution will equal the price paid by the Trust to such shareholder for the shares sold, and will be taxable as a dividend, i.e., as ordinary income, to the extent of the Trust’s current or accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such distribution, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder’s tax basis in the shares held after the tender offer, and thereafter as capital gain. Any Trust shares held by a shareholder after a tender offer will be subject to basis adjustments in accordance with the provisions of the Code.

Provided that no tendering shareholder is treated as receiving a Section 301 distribution as a result of selling shares pursuant to a particular tender offer, shareholders who do not sell shares pursuant to that tender offer will not realize constructive distributions on their shares as a result of other shareholders selling shares in the tender offer. In the event that any tendering shareholder is deemed to receive a Section 301 distribution, it is possible that shareholders whose proportionate ownership of the Trust increases as a result of that tender offer, including shareholders who do not tender any shares, will be deemed to receive a constructive distribution under Section 305(c) of the Code in an amount equal to the increase in their percentage ownership of the Trust as a result of the tender offer. Such constructive distribution will be treated as a dividend to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits allocable to it.

Use of the Trust’s cash to repurchase shares may adversely affect the Trust’s ability to satisfy the distribution requirements for treatment as a regulated investment company described above. The Trust may also recognize income in connection with the sale of portfolio securities to fund share purchases, in which case the Trust would take any such income into account in determining whether such distribution requirements have been satisfied.

If the Trust liquidates, shareholders generally will realize capital gain or loss upon such liquidation in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash or other property received by the shareholder (including any property deemed received by reason of its being placed in a liquidating trust) and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares. Any such gain or loss will be long-term if the shareholder is treated as having a holding period in Trust shares of greater than one year, and otherwise will be short-term.

The foregoing discussion does not address the tax treatment of shareholders who do not hold their shares as a capital asset. Such shareholders should consult their own tax advisors on the specific tax consequences to them of participating or not participating in the tender offer or upon liquidation of the Trust.

Current U.S. federal income tax law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gain of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income. For non-corporate taxpayers, short-term capital gain is currently taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income while long-term capital gain generally is taxed at a reduced maximum rate. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations under the Code.

Certain U.S. holders who are individuals, estates or trusts and whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes dividends received from the Trust and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of the Trust’s common shares.

A common shareholder that is a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation (a “foreign investor”) generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or possibly a lower rate provided by an applicable tax treaty) on ordinary income dividends (except as discussed below). In general, U.S. federal withholding tax and U.S. federal income tax will not apply to exempt-interest dividends, any gain or income realized by a foreign investor in respect of any distribution of net capital gain (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) or upon the sale or other disposition of common shares of the Trust. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign investor is engaged in a trade or business in the United States or, in the case of an individual, is present in the United States for 183 days or more during a taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of investing in the Trust’s common shares.

 

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Ordinary income dividends properly reported by the RIC are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the RIC’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, its U.S.-source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the RIC is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the RIC’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the RIC’s net short-term capital gain over its long-term capital loss for such taxable year). Depending on its circumstances, the Trust may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains, and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a foreign investor needs to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, or substitute Form). In the case of common shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may have withheld even if the Trust reported the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Foreign investors should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts. There can be no assurance as to what portion of the Trust’s distributions would qualify for favorable treatment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gains if the provision is extended.

In addition, withholding at a rate of 30% will apply to dividends paid in respect of common shares of the Trust held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the Treasury to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to shares in, and accounts maintained by, the institution to the extent such shares or accounts are held by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments. Accordingly, the entity through which common shares of the Trust are held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends paid in respect of common shares of the Trust held by an investor that is a non-financial foreign entity that does not qualify under certain exemptions will be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i) certifies that such entity does not have any “substantial United States owners” or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial United States owners,” which the applicable withholding agent will in turn provide to the Secretary of the Treasury. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, or future Treasury regulations or other guidance, may modify these requirements. The Trust will not pay any additional amounts to common shareholders in respect of any amounts withheld. Foreign investors are encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of these rules on their investment in the Trust’s common shares.

U.S. federal backup withholding tax may be required on dividends, distributions and sale proceeds payable to certain non-exempt common shareholders who fail to supply their correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of individuals, generally, their social security number) or to make required certifications, or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that you timely furnish the required information to the IRS.

Ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends, and gain from the sale or other disposition of common shares of the Trust also may be subject to state, local, and/or foreign taxes. Common shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding specific questions about U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences to them of investing in the Trust.

State and Local Tax Matters

The exemption from federal income tax for exempt-interest dividends does not necessarily result in exemption for such dividends under the income or other tax laws of any state or local taxing authority. In some states, the portion of any exempt-interest dividend that is derived from interest received by a regulated investment company on its holdings of that state’s securities and its political subdivisions and instrumentalities is exempt from that state’s income tax. Therefore, the Trust will report annually to its shareholders the percentage of interest income earned by the Trust during the preceding year on tax-exempt obligations indicating, on a state-by-state basis, the source of such income. Shareholders of the Trust are advised to consult with their own tax advisors about state and local tax matters.

***

 

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The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of certain provisions of the Code and the Treasury Regulations presently in effect as they directly govern the taxation of the Trust and its shareholders. For complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and Treasury Regulations. The Code and the Treasury Regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive with respect to Trust transactions. Holders of common shares are advised to consult their own tax advisers for more detailed information concerning the U.S. federal income taxation of the Trust and the income tax consequences to its holders of common shares.

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

[To come by Pre-Effective Amendment]

 

F-1


FINANCIAL STATEMENT

[To come by Pre-Effective Amendment]

 

F-2


NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT

[To come by Pre-Effective Amendment]

 

F-3


APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS

A Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s (“Moody’s”) Global Rating Scales

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default or impairment. The contractual financial obligations addressed by Moody’s ratings are those that call for, without regard to enforceability, the payment of an ascertainable amount, which may vary based upon standard sources of variation (e.g., floating interest rates), by an ascertainable date. Moody’s rating addresses the issuer’s ability to obtain cash sufficient to service the obligation, and its willingness to pay. Moody’s ratings do not address non-standard sources of variation in the amount of the principal obligation (e.g., equity indexed), absent an express statement to the contrary in a press release accompanying an initial rating. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Short-term ratings are assigned for obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Moody’s issues ratings at the issuer level and instrument level on both the long-term scale and the short-term scale. Typically, ratings are made publicly available although private and unpublished ratings may also be assigned.

Moody’s differentiates structured finance ratings from fundamental ratings (i.e., ratings on nonfinancial corporate, financial institution, and public sector entities) on the global long-term scale by adding (sf) to all structured finance ratings. The addition of (sf) to structured finance ratings should eliminate any presumption that such ratings and fundamental ratings at the same letter grade level will behave the same. The (sf) indicator for structured finance security ratings indicates that otherwise similarly rated structured finance and fundamental securities may have different risk characteristics. Through its current methodologies, however, Moody’s aspires to achieve broad expected equivalence in structured finance and fundamental rating performance when measured over a long period of time.

Description of Moody’s Global Long-Term Rating Scale

 

AAA    Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
AA    Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A    Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
BAA    Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
BA    Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B    Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
CAA    Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
CA    Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C    Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

A-1


Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.

Description of Moody’s Global Short-Term Rating Scale

 

P-1    Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-2    Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-3    Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP    Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Description of Moody’s U.S. Municipal Short-Term Debt and Demand Obligation Ratings

Description of Moody’s Short-Term Obligation Ratings

Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale for commercial paper issued by U.S. municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.

For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VMIG”) scales discussed below.

Moody’s uses the MIG scale for U.S. municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.

MIG Scale

 

MIG-1    This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG-2    This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG-3    This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG    This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

 

A-2


Description of Moody’s Demand Obligation Ratings

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned. The components are a long-term rating and a short-term demand obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term demand obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to make payments associated with the purchase-price-upon-demand feature (“demand feature”) of the VRDO. The short-term demand obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. VMIG ratings with liquidity support use as an input the short-term Counterparty Risk Assessment of the support provider, or the long-term rating of the underlying obligor in the absence of third party liquidity support. Transitions of VMIG ratings of demand obligations with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

Moody’s typically assigns the VMIG short-term demand obligation rating if the frequency of the demand feature is less than every three years. If the frequency of the demand feature is less than three years but the purchase price is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the short-term demand obligation rating is “NR”.

Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings

 

VMIG -1    This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG -2    This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG -3    This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG    This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Description of S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), a Division of S&P Global Inc., Issue Credit Ratings

An S&P issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term issue credit ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market, typically with an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Short-term issue credit ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. S&P would typically assign a long-term issue credit rating to an obligation with an original maturity of greater than 365 days. However, the ratings S&P assigns to certain instruments may diverge from these guidelines based on market practices. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

A-3


Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P’s analysis of the following considerations:

 

   

The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

   

The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise S&P imputes; and

 

   

The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*

 

AAA    An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA    An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

 

A    An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB    An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

BB, B, CCC, CC,

and C

   Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

 

BB    An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

B    An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

CCC    An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

CC    An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

A-4


C    An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

 

D    An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

* Ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

A-1    A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2    A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3    A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

B    A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

 

C    A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

D    A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

 

A-5


Description of S&P’s Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings

An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P’s analysis will review the following considerations:

 

   

Amortization schedule – the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

   

Source of payment – the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

S&P’s municipal short-term note rating symbols are as follows:

 

SP-1    Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2    Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3    Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D    ‘D’ is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.

Description of Fitch Ratings’ (“Fitch’s”) Credit Ratings Scales

Fitch Ratings publishes opinions on a variety of scales. The most common of these are credit ratings, but the agency also publishes ratings, scores and other relative opinions relating to financial or operational strength. For example, Fitch also provides specialized ratings of servicers of residential and commercial mortgages, asset managers and funds. In each case, users should refer to the definitions of each individual scale for guidance on the dimensions of risk covered in each assessment.

Fitch’s credit ratings relating to issuers are an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings relating to securities and obligations of an issuer can include a recovery expectation. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. The agency’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign financial, bank, insurance, and public finance entities (including supranational and sub-national entities) and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

The terms “investment grade” and “speculative grade” have established themselves over time as shorthand to describe the categories ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB’ (investment grade) and ‘BB’ to ‘D’ (speculative grade). The terms investment grade and speculative grade are market conventions and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. Investment grade categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the speculative categories either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.

For the convenience of investors, Fitch may also include issues relating to a rated issuer that are not and have not been rated on its web page. Such issues are also denoted as ‘NR’.

Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss. For information about the historical performance of ratings please refer to Fitch’s Ratings Transition and Default studies which detail the historical default rates and their meaning. The European Securities and Markets Authority also maintains a central repository of historical default rates.

 

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Fitch’s credit ratings do not directly address any risk other than credit risk. In particular, ratings do not deal with the risk of a market value loss on a rated security due to changes in interest rates, liquidity and other market considerations. However, in terms of payment obligation on the rated liability, market risk may be considered to the extent that it influences the ability of an issuer to pay upon a commitment.

Ratings nonetheless do not reflect market risk to the extent that they influence the size or other conditionality of the obligation to pay upon a commitment (for example, in the case of index-linked bonds).

In the default components of ratings assigned to individual obligations or instruments, the agency typically rates to the likelihood of non-payment or default in accordance with the terms of that instrument’s documentation. In limited cases, Fitch may include additional considerations (i.e. rate to a higher or lower standard than that implied in the obligation’s documentation).

The primary credit rating scales can be used to provide a rating of privately issued obligations or certain note issuance programs or for private ratings. In this case the rating is not published, but only provided to the issuer or its agents in the form of a rating letter.

The primary credit rating scales may also be used to provide ratings for a more narrow scope, including interest strips and return of principal or in other forms of opinions such as credit opinions or rating assessment services. Credit opinions are either a notch- or category-specific view using the primary rating scale and omit one or more characteristics of a full rating or meet them to a different standard. Credit opinions will be indicated using a lower case letter symbol combined with either an ‘*’ (e.g. ‘bbb+*’) or (cat) suffix to denote the opinion status. Credit opinions will be point-in-time typically but may be monitored if the analytical group believes information will be sufficiently available. Rating assessment services are a notch-specific view using the primary rating scale of how an existing or potential rating may be changed by a given set of hypothetical circumstances. While credit opinions and rating assessment services are point-in-time and are not monitored, they may have a directional watch or outlook assigned, which can signify the trajectory of the credit profile.

Description of Fitch’s Long-Term Corporate Finance Obligations Rating Scales

Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument. On the contrary, Ratings of debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) obligations incorporate the expectation of full repayment.

The relationship between the issuer scale and obligation scale assumes a generic historical average recovery. Individual obligations can be assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or issuer default rating (“IDR”), based on their relative ranking, relative vulnerability to default or based on explicit Recovery Ratings.

As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or IDR, except DIP obligation ratings that are not based off an IDR. At the lower end of the ratings scale, Fitch publishes explicit Recovery Ratings in many cases to complement issuer and obligation ratings.

Fitch long-term obligations rating scales are as follows:

 

AAA    Highest Credit Quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

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AA    Very High Credit Quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A    High Credit Quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB    Good Credit Quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB    Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B    Highly Speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC    Substantial Credit Risk. ‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC    Very High Levels of Credit Risk. ‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C    Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk. ‘C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.

Within rating categories, Fitch may use modifiers. The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories.

For example, the rating category ‘AA’ has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+’; ‘AA’; ‘AA–’; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA’ ratings and ratings below the ‘CCC’ category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1’, a ‘+’ may be appended.

Description of Fitch’s Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers and Obligations

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

 

F1    Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2    Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3    Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B    Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C    High Short-Term Default Risk. Default is a real possibility.

 

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RD    Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D    Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

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APPENDIX B

Closed-End Fund Proxy Voting Policy

August 1, 2021

 

LOGO

Effective Date: August 1, 2021

Applies to the following types of Funds registered under the 1940 Act:

 

 

Open-End Mutual Funds (including money market funds)

 

 

Money Market Funds Only

 

 

iShares and BlackRock ETFs

 

 

Closed-End Funds

 

 

Other

 

 

Objective and Scope

Set forth below is the Closed-End Fund Proxy Voting Policy.

Policy / Document Requirements and Statements

The Boards of Trustees/Directors (the “Directors”) of the closed-end funds advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC (“BlackRock”) (the “Funds”) have the responsibility for the oversight of voting proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Funds, and have determined that it is in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders to delegate that responsibility to BlackRock as part of BlackRock’s authority to manage, acquire and dispose of account assets, all as contemplated by the Funds’ respective investment management agreements.

BlackRock has adopted guidelines and procedures (together and as from time to time amended, the “BlackRock Proxy Voting Guidelines”) governing proxy voting by accounts managed by BlackRock.

BlackRock will cast votes on behalf of each of the Funds on specific proxy issues in respect of securities held by each such Fund in accordance with the BlackRock Proxy Voting Guidelines; provided, however, that in the case of underlying closed-end funds (including business development companies and other similarly-situated asset pools) held by the Funds that have, or are proposing to adopt, a classified board structure, BlackRock will typically (a) vote in favor of proposals to adopt classification and against proposals to eliminate classification, and (b) not vote against directors as a result of their adoption of a classified board structure.

BlackRock will report on an annual basis to the Directors on (1) a summary of all proxy votes that BlackRock has made on behalf of the Funds in the preceding year together with a representation that all votes were in accordance with the BlackRock Proxy Voting Guidelines (as modified pursuant to the immediately preceding paragraph), and (2) any changes to the BlackRock Proxy Voting Guidelines that have not previously been reported.

 

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BlackRock

Investment

Stewardship

Global Principles

Effective as of January 2022

 

BlackRock

 

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CONTENTS

 

Introduction to BlackRock

     B-4  

Philosophy on investment stewardship

     B-4  

Key themes

     B-5  

Boards and directors

     B-5  

Auditors and audit-related issues

     B-8  

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales, and other special transactions

     B-9  

Compensation and benefits

     B-9  

Environmental and social issues

     B-10  

General corporate governance matters and shareholder protections

     B-12  

Shareholder proposals

     B-13  

BlackRock’s oversight of its investment stewardship activities

     B-13  

Vote execution

     B-14  

Conflicts management policies and procedures

     B-15  

Securities lending

     B-16  

Voting guidelines

     B-17  

Reporting and vote transparency

     B-17  

The purpose of this document is to provide an overarching explanation of BlackRock’s approach globally to our responsibilities as a shareholder on behalf of our clients, our expectations of companies, and our commitments to clients in terms of our own governance and transparency.

 

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INTRODUCTION TO BLACKROCK

BlackRock’s purpose is to help more and more people experience financial well-being. We manage assets on behalf of institutional and individual clients, across a full spectrum of investment strategies, asset classes, and regions. Our client base includes pension plans, endowments, foundations, charities, official institutions, insurers, and other financial institutions, as well as individuals around the world. As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, we have determined that it is generally in the best long-term interest of our clients to promote sound corporate governance as an informed, engaged shareholder. At BlackRock, this is the responsibility of the Investment Stewardship team.

Philosophy on investment stewardship

Companies are responsible for ensuring they have appropriate governance structures to serve the interests of shareholders and other key stakeholders. We believe that there are certain fundamental rights attached to shareholding. Companies and their boards should be accountable to shareholders and structured with appropriate checks and balances to ensure that they operate in shareholders’ best interests to create sustainable value. Shareholders should have the right to vote to elect, remove, and nominate directors, approve the appointment of the auditor, and amend the corporate charter or by-laws. Shareholders should be able to vote on key board decisions that are material to the protection of their investment, including but not limited to, changes to the purpose of the business, dilution levels and pre-emptive rights, and the distribution of income and capital structure. In order to make informed decisions, we believe that shareholders have the right to sufficient and timely information. In addition, shareholder voting rights should be proportionate to their economic ownership—the principle of “one share, one vote” helps achieve this balance.

Consistent with these shareholder rights, we believe BlackRock has a responsibility to monitor and provide feedback to companies in our role as stewards of our clients’ investments. Investment stewardship is how we use our voice as an investor to promote sound corporate governance and business practices to help maximize long-term shareholder value for our clients, the vast majority of whom are investing for long-term goals such as retirement. BlackRock Investment Stewardship (“BIS”) does this through engagement with management teams and/or board members on material business issues, including but not limited to environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters and, for those clients who have given us authority, through voting proxies in their best long-term economic interests. We also participate in the public dialogue to help shape global norms and industry standards with the goal of supporting a policy framework consistent with our clients’ interests as long-term shareholders.

BlackRock looks to companies to provide timely, accurate, and comprehensive disclosure on all material governance and business matters, including ESG-related issues. This transparency allows shareholders to appropriately understand and assess how relevant risks and opportunities are being effectively identified and managed. Where company reporting and disclosure is inadequate or we believe the approach taken may be inconsistent with sustainable, long-term value creation, we will engage with a company and/or vote in a manner that encourages progress.

BlackRock views engagement as an important activity; engagement provides us with the opportunity to improve our understanding of the business and risks and opportunities that are material to the companies in which our clients invest, including those related to ESG. Engagement also informs our voting decisions. As long-term investors on behalf of clients, we seek to have regular and continuing dialogue with executives and board directors to advance sound governance and sustainable business practices, as well as to understand the effectiveness of the company’s management and oversight of material issues. Engagement is an important mechanism for providing feedback on company practices and disclosures, particularly where we believe they could be enhanced. Similarly, it provides us an opportunity to hear directly from company boards and management on how they believe their actions are aligned with sustainable, long-term value creation. We primarily engage through direct dialogue, but may use other tools such as written correspondence, to share our perspectives.

 

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We generally vote in support of management and boards that demonstrate an approach consistent with creating sustainable, long-term value. If we have concerns about a company’s approach, we may choose to explain our expectations to the company’s board and management. Following our engagement, we may signal through our voting that we have outstanding concerns, generally by voting against the re-election of directors we view as having responsibility for an issue. We apply our regional proxy voting guidelines to achieve the outcome we believe is most aligned with our clients’ long-term economic interests.

Key themes

We recognize that accepted standards and norms of corporate governance can differ between markets. However, we believe there are certain fundamental elements of governance practice that are intrinsic globally to a company’s ability to create long-term value. This set of global themes are set out in this overarching set of principles (the “Principles”), which are anchored in transparency and accountability. At a minimum, we believe companies should observe the accepted corporate governance standards in their domestic market and ask that, if they do not, they explain how their approach better supports sustainable long-term value creation.

These Principles cover seven key themes:

 

   

Boards and directors

 

   

Auditors and audit-related issues

 

   

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales, and other special transactions

 

   

Compensation and benefits

 

   

Environmental and social issues

 

   

General corporate governance matters and shareholder protections

 

   

Shareholder proposals

Our regional and market-specific voting guidelines explain how these Principles inform our voting decisions in relation to specific ballot items for shareholder meetings.

Boards and directors

Our primary focus is on the performance of the board of directors. The performance of the board is critical to the economic success of the company and the protection of shareholders’ interests. As part of their responsibilities, board members owe fiduciary duties to shareholders in overseeing the strategic direction and operation of the company. For this reason, BIS sees engaging with and the election of directors as one of our most important and impactful responsibilities.

We support boards whose approach is consistent with creating sustainable, long-term value. This includes the effective management of strategic, operational, financial, and material ESG factors and the consideration of key stakeholder interests. The board should establish and maintain a framework of robust and effective governance mechanisms to support its oversight of the company’s strategic aims. We look to the board to articulate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in overseeing the management of business risks and opportunities and the fulfillment of the company’s purpose. Disclosure of material issues that affect the company’s long-term strategy and value creation, including material ESG factors, is essential for shareholders to be able to appropriately understand and assess how risks are effectively identified, managed and mitigated.

 

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Where a company has not adequately disclosed and demonstrated it has fulfilled these responsibilities, we will consider voting against the re-election of directors whom we consider having particular responsibility for the issue. We assess director performance on a case-by-case basis and in light of each company’s circumstances, taking into consideration our assessment of their governance, business practices that support sustainable, long-term value creation, and performance. In serving the interests of shareholders, the responsibility of the board of directors includes, but is not limited to, the following:

 

   

Establishing an appropriate corporate governance structure

 

   

Supporting and overseeing management in setting long-term strategic goals and applicable measures of value-creation and milestones that will demonstrate progress, and taking steps to address anticipated or actual obstacles to success

 

   

Providing oversight on the identification and management of material, business operational and sustainability-related risks

 

   

Overseeing the financial resilience of the company, the integrity of financial statements, and the robustness of a company’s Enterprise Risk Management1 framework

 

   

Making decisions on matters that require independent evaluation which may include mergers, acquisitions and dispositions, activist situations or other similar cases

 

   

Establishing appropriate executive compensation structures

 

   

Addressing business issues, including environmental and social risks and opportunities, when they have the potential to materially impact the company’s long-term value

There should be clear definitions of the role of the board, the committees of the board, and senior management. Set out below are ways in which boards and directors can demonstrate a commitment to acting in the best long-term economic interests of all shareholders.

We will seek to engage with the appropriate directors where we have concerns about the performance of the company, board, or individual directors and may signal outstanding concerns in our voting.

Regular accountability

BlackRock believes that directors should stand for re-election on a regular basis, ideally annually. In our experience, annual re-elections allow shareholders to reaffirm their support for board members or hold them accountable for their decisions in a timely manner. When board members are not re-elected annually, we believe it is good practice for boards to have a rotation policy to ensure that, through a board cycle, all directors have had their appointment re-confirmed, with a proportion of directors being put forward for re-election at each annual general meeting.

Effective board composition

Regular director elections also give boards the opportunity to adjust their composition in an orderly way to reflect the evolution of the company’s strategy and the market environment. BlackRock believes it is beneficial

 

1 

Enterprise risk management is a process, effected by the entity’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within the risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives. (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), Enterprise Risk Management — Integrated Framework, September 2004, New York, NY).

 

B-6


for new directors to be brought onto the board periodically to refresh the group’s thinking and in a manner that supports both continuity and appropriate succession planning. We consider the average overall tenure of the board, where we are seeking a balance between the knowledge and experience of longer-serving members and the fresh perspectives of newer members. We expect companies to keep under regular review the effectiveness of their board (including its size), and assess directors nominated for election or re-election in the context of the composition of the board as a whole. This assessment should consider a number of factors, including the potential need to address gaps in skills, experience, diversity, and independence.

When nominating new directors to the board, we ask that there is sufficient information on the individual candidates so that shareholders can assess the suitability of each individual nominee and the overall board composition. These disclosures should give an understanding of how the collective experience and expertise of the board aligns with the company’s long-term strategy and business model.

We are interested in diversity in the board room as a means to promoting diversity of thought and avoiding ‘group think’. We ask boards to disclose how diversity is considered in board composition, including demographic characteristics such as gender, race/ethnicity and age; as well as professional characteristics, such as a director’s industry experience, specialist areas of expertise and geographic location. We assess a board’s diversity in the context of a company’s domicile, business model and strategy. Self-identified board demographic diversity can usefully be disclosed in aggregate, consistent with local law. We believe boards should aspire to meaningful diversity of membership, at least consistent with local regulatory requirements and best practices, while recognizing that building a strong, diverse board can take time.

This position is based on our view that diversity of perspective and thought – in the board room, in the management team and throughout the company – leads to better long term economic outcomes for companies. Academic research already reveals correlations between specific dimensions of diversity and effects on decision-making processes and outcomes.2 In our experience, greater diversity in the board room contributes to more robust discussions and more innovative and resilient decisions. Over time, greater diversity in the board room can also promote greater diversity and resilience in the leadership team, and the workforce more broadly. That diversity can enable companies to develop businesses that more closely reflect and resonate with the customers and communities they serve.

We expect there to be a sufficient number of independent directors, free from conflicts of interest or undue influence from connected parties, to ensure objectivity in the decision-making of the board and its ability to oversee management. Common impediments to independence may include but are not limited to:

 

   

Current or recent employment at the company or a subsidiary

 

   

Being, or representing, a shareholder with a substantial shareholding in the company

 

   

Interlocking directorships

 

   

Having any other interest, business, or other relationship which could, or could reasonably be perceived to, materially interfere with a director’s ability to act in the best interests of the company and its shareholders.

BlackRock believes that boards are most effective at overseeing and advising management when there is a senior independent board leader. This director may chair the board, or, where the chair is also the CEO (or is otherwise

 

2 

For example, the role of gender diversity on team cohesion and participative communication is explored by: Post, C., 2015, When is female leadership an advantage? Coordination requirements, team cohesion, and team interaction norms, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 1153-1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.2031.

 

B-7


not independent), be designated as a lead independent director. The role of this director is to enhance the effectiveness of the independent members of the board through shaping the agenda, ensuring adequate information is provided to the board, and encouraging independent participation in board deliberations. The lead independent director or another appropriate director should be available to shareholders in those situations where an independent director is best placed to explain and contextualize a company’s approach.

There are matters for which the board has responsibility that may involve a conflict of interest for executives or for affiliated directors. BlackRock believes that objective oversight of such matters is best achieved when the board forms committees comprised entirely of independent directors. In many markets, these committees of the board specialize in audit, director nominations, and compensation matters. An ad hoc committee might also be formed to decide on a special transaction, particularly one involving a related party, or to investigate a significant adverse event.

Sufficient capacity

As the role and expectations of a director are increasingly demanding, directors must be able to commit an appropriate amount of time to board and committee matters. It is important that directors have the capacity to meet all of their responsibilities - including when there are unforeseen events – and therefore, they should not take on an excessive number of roles that would impair their ability to fulfill their duties.

Auditors and audit-related issues

BlackRock recognizes the critical importance of financial statements, which should provide a true and fair picture of a company’s financial condition. Accordingly, the assumptions made by management and reviewed by the auditor in preparing the financial statements should be reasonable and justified.

The accuracy of financial statements, inclusive of financial and non-financial information, is of paramount importance to BlackRock. Investors increasingly recognize that a broader range of risks and opportunities have the potential to materially impact financial performance. Over time, we expect increased scrutiny of the assumptions underlying financial reports, particularly those that pertain to the impact of the transition to a low carbon economy on a company’s business model and asset mix.

In this context, audit committees, or equivalent, play a vital role in a company’s financial reporting system by providing independent oversight of the accounts, material financial and non-financial information, internal control frameworks, and in the absence of a dedicated risk committee, Enterprise Risk Management systems. BlackRock believes that effective audit committee oversight strengthens the quality and reliability of a company’s financial statements and provides an important level of reassurance to shareholders.

We hold members of the audit committee or equivalent responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function. Audit committees or equivalent should have clearly articulated charters that set out their responsibilities and have a rotation plan in place that allows for a periodic refreshment of the committee membership to introduce fresh perspectives to audit oversight.

We take particular note of critical accounting matters, cases involving significant financial restatements, or ad hoc notifications of material financial weakness. In this respect, audit committees should provide timely disclosure on the remediation of Key and Critical Audit Matters identified either by the external auditor or Internal Audit function.

The integrity of financial statements depends on the auditor being free of any impediments to being an effective check on management. To that end, we believe it is important that auditors are, and are seen to be, independent. Where an audit firm provides services to the company in addition to the audit, the fees earned should be disclosed and explained. Audit committees should have in place a procedure for assessing annually the independence of the auditor and the quality of the external audit process.

 

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Comprehensive disclosure provides investors with a sense of the company’s long-term operational risk management practices and, more broadly, the quality of the board’s oversight. The audit committee or equivalent, or a dedicated risk committee, should periodically review the company’s risk assessment and risk management policies and the significant risks and exposures identified by management, the internal auditors or the independent accountants, and management’s steps to address them. In the absence of robust disclosures, we may reasonably conclude that companies are not adequately managing risk.

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales and other special transactions

The capital structure of a company is critical to shareholders as it impacts the value of their investment and the priority of their interest in the company relative to that of other equity or debt investors. Pre-emptive rights are a key protection for shareholders against the dilution of their interests.

Effective voting rights are basic rights of share ownership. We believe strongly in one vote for one share as a guiding principle that supports effective corporate governance. Shareholders, as the residual claimants, have the strongest interest in protecting company value, and voting power should match economic exposure.

In principle, we disagree with the creation of a share class with equivalent economic exposure and preferential, differentiated voting rights. In our view, this structure violates the fundamental corporate governance principle of proportionality and results in a concentration of power in the hands of a few shareholders, thus disenfranchising other shareholders and amplifying any potential conflicts of interest. However, we recognize that in certain markets, at least for a period of time, companies may have a valid argument for listing dual classes of shares with differentiated voting rights. We believe that such companies should review these share class structures on a regular basis or as company circumstances change. Additionally, they should seek shareholder approval of their capital structure on a periodic basis via a management proposal at the company’s shareholder meeting. The proposal should give unaffiliated shareholders the opportunity to affirm the current structure or establish mechanisms to end or phase out controlling structures at the appropriate time, while minimizing costs to shareholders.

In assessing mergers, asset sales, or other special transactions, BlackRock’s primary consideration is the long-term economic interests of our clients as shareholders. Boards proposing a transaction need to clearly explain the economic and strategic rationale behind it. We will review a proposed transaction to determine the degree to which it can enhance long-term shareholder value. We would prefer that proposed transactions have the unanimous support of the board and have been negotiated at arm’s length. We may seek reassurance from the board that executives’ and/or board members’ financial interests in a given transaction have not adversely affected their ability to place shareholders’ interests before their own. Where the transaction involves related parties, we would expect the recommendation to support it to come from the independent directors, and ideally, the terms also have been assessed through an independent appraisal process. In addition, it is good practice that it be approved by a separate vote of the non-conflicted parties.

BlackRock believes that shareholders have a right to dispose of company shares in the open market without unnecessary restriction. In our view, corporate mechanisms designed to limit shareholders’ ability to sell their shares are contrary to basic property rights. Such mechanisms can serve to protect and entrench interests other than those of the shareholders. We believe that shareholders are broadly capable of making decisions in their own best interests. We expect any so-called ‘shareholder rights plans’ proposed by a board to be subject to shareholder approval upon introduction and periodically thereafter.

Compensation and benefits

BlackRock expects a company’s board of directors to put in place a compensation structure that incentivizes and rewards executives appropriately. There should be a clear link between variable pay and operational and financial performance. Performance metrics should be stretching and aligned with a company’s strategy and business model. BIS does not have a position on the use of ESG-related criteria, but believes that where companies choose

 

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to include them, they should be as rigorous as other financial or operational targets. Long-term incentive plans should vest over timeframes aligned with the delivery of long-term shareholder value. Compensation committees should guard against contractual arrangements that would entitle executives to material compensation for early termination of their employment. Finally, pension contributions and other deferred compensation arrangements should be reasonable in light of market practice.

We are not supportive of one-off or special bonuses unrelated to company or individual performance. Where discretion has been used by the compensation committee or its equivalent, we expect disclosure relating to how and why the discretion was used, and how the adjusted outcome is aligned with the interests of shareholders. We acknowledge that the use of peer group evaluation by compensation committees can help ensure competitive pay; however, we are concerned when the rationale for increases in total compensation at a company is solely based on peer benchmarking rather than a rigorous measure of outperformance. We encourage companies to clearly explain how compensation outcomes have rewarded outperformance against peer firms.

We believe consideration should be given to building claw back provisions into incentive plans such that executives would be required to forgo rewards when they are not justified by actual performance and/or when compensation was based on faulty financial reporting or deceptive business practices. We also favor recoupment from any senior executive whose behavior caused material financial harm to shareholders, material reputational risk to the company, or resulted in a criminal investigation, even if such actions did not ultimately result in a material restatement of past results.

Non-executive directors should be compensated in a manner that is commensurate with the time and effort expended in fulfilling their professional responsibilities. Additionally, these compensation arrangements should not risk compromising directors’ independence or aligning their interests too closely with those of the management, whom they are charged with overseeing.

We use third party research, in addition to our own analysis, to evaluate existing and proposed compensation structures. We may vote against members of the compensation committee or equivalent board members for poor compensation practices or structures.

Environmental and social issues

We believe that well-managed companies will deal effectively with material environmental and social (“E&S”) factors relevant to their businesses. Governance is the core structure by which boards can oversee the creation of sustainable, long-term value. Appropriate risk oversight of E&S considerations stems from this construct.

Robust disclosure is essential for investors to effectively evaluate companies’ strategy and business practices related to material E&S risks and opportunities. Given the increased understanding of material sustainability risks and opportunities, and the need for better information to assess them, BlackRock will advocate for continued improvement in companies’ reporting, where necessary, and will express any concerns through our voting where a company’s actions or disclosures are inadequate.

BlackRock encourages companies to use the framework developed by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) to disclose their approach to ensuring they have a sustainable business model and to supplement that disclosure with industry-specific metrics such as those identified by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB).3 While the TCFD framework was developed to support climate-related

 

3 

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation announced in November 2021 the formation of an International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) to develop a comprehensive global baseline of high-quality sustainability disclosure standards to meet investors’ information needs. The IFRS Foundation plans to complete consolidation of the Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB—an initiative of CDP) and the Value Reporting Foundation (VRF—which houses the Integrated Reporting Framework and the SASB Standards) by June 2022.

 

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risk disclosure, the four pillars of the TCFD — Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, and Metrics and Targets — are a useful way for companies to disclose how they identify, assess, manage, and oversee a variety of sustainability-related risks and opportunities. SASB’s industry-specific guidance (as identified in its materiality map) is beneficial in helping companies identify key performance indicators (KPIs) across various dimensions of sustainability that are considered to be financially material and decision-useful within their industry. We recognize that some companies may report using different standards, which may be required by regulation, or one of a number of private standards. In such cases, we ask that companies highlight the metrics that are industry- or company-specific,

Companies may also adopt or refer to guidance on sustainable and responsible business conduct issued by supranational organizations such as the United Nations or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Further, industry-specific initiatives on managing specific operational risks may be useful. Companies should disclose any global standards adopted, the industry initiatives in which they participate, any peer group benchmarking undertaken, and any assurance processes to help investors understand their approach to sustainable and responsible business practices.

 

Climate risk

BlackRock believes that climate change has become a defining factor in companies’ long-term prospects. We ask every company to help its investors understand how it may be impacted by climate-related risk and opportunities, and how these factors are considered within their strategy in a manner consistent with the company’s business model and sector. Specifically, we ask companies to articulate how their business model is aligned to a scenario in which global warming is limited to well below 2°C, moving towards global net zero emissions by 2050.

In Stewardship, we understand that climate change can be very challenging for many companies, as they seek to drive long-term value by mitigating risks and capturing opportunities. A growing number of companies, financial institutions, as well as governments, have committed to advancing net zero. There is growing consensus that companies can benefit from the more favorable macro-economic environment under an orderly, timely and just transition to net zero.4 Many companies are asking what their role should be in contributing to a just transition – in ensuring a reliable energy supply and protecting the most vulnerable from energy price shocks and economic dislocation. They are also seeking more clarity as to the public policy path that will help align greenhouse gas reduction actions with commitments.

In this context, we ask companies to disclose a business plan for how they intend to deliver long-term financial performance through the transition to global net zero, consistent with their business model and sector. We encourage companies to demonstrate that their plans are resilient under likely decarbonization pathways, and the global aspiration to limit warming to 1.5°C.5 We also encourage companies to disclose how considerations related to having a reliable energy supply and just transition affect their plans.

 

4 

For example, BlackRock’s Capital Markets Assumptions anticipate 25 points of cumulative economic gains over a 20-year period in an orderly transition as compared to the alternative. This better macro environment will support better economic growth, financial stability, job growth, productivity, as well as ecosystem stability and health outcomes.

 

5 

The global aspiration is reflective of aggregated efforts; companies in developed and emerging markets are not equally equipped to transition their business and reduce emissions at the same rate—those in developed markets with the largest market capitalization are better positioned to adapt their business models at an accelerated pace. Government policy and regional targets may be reflective of these realities.

 

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We look to companies to set short-, medium- and long-term science-based targets, where available for their sector, for greenhouse gas reductions and to demonstrate how their targets are consistent with the long-term economic interests of their shareholders. Companies have an opportunity to use and contribute to the development of alternative energy sources and low-carbon transition technologies that will be essential to reaching net zero. We also recognize that some continued investment is required to maintain a reliable, affordable supply of fossil fuels during the transition. We ask companies to disclose how their capital allocation across alternatives, transition technologies, and fossil fuel production is consistent with their strategy and their emissions reduction targets.

Key stakeholder interests

We believe that, to advance long-term shareholders’ interests, companies should consider the interests of their key stakeholders. It is for each company to determine its key stakeholders based on what is material to its business, but they are likely to include employees, business partners (such as suppliers and distributors), clients and consumers, government, and the communities in which they operate.

Considering the interests of key stakeholders recognizes the collective nature of long-term value creation and the extent to which each company’s prospects for growth are tied to its ability to foster strong sustainable relationships with and support from those stakeholders. Companies should articulate how they address adverse impacts that could arise from their business practices and affect critical business relationships with their stakeholders. We expect companies to implement, to the extent appropriate, monitoring processes (often referred to as due diligence) to identify and mitigate potential adverse impacts and grievance mechanisms to remediate any actual adverse material impacts. The maintenance of trust within these relationships can be equated with a company’s long-term success.

To ensure transparency and accountability, companies should disclose how they have identified their key stakeholders and considered their interests in business decision-making, demonstrating the applicable governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets. This approach should be overseen by the board, which is well positioned to ensure that the approach taken is informed by and aligns with the company’s strategy and purpose.

General corporate governance matters and shareholder protections

BlackRock believes that shareholders have a right to material and timely information on the financial performance and viability of the companies in which they invest. In addition, companies should publish information on the governance structures in place and the rights of shareholders to influence these structures. The reporting and disclosure provided by companies help shareholders assess whether their economic interests have been protected and the quality of the board’s oversight of management. We believe shareholders should have the right to vote on key corporate governance matters, including changes to governance mechanisms, to submit proposals to the shareholders’ meeting, and to call special meetings of shareholders.

Corporate Form

We believe it is the responsibility of the board to determine the corporate form that is most appropriate given the company’s purpose and business model.6 Companies proposing to change their corporate form to a public benefit corporation or similar entity should put it to a shareholder vote if not already required to do so under applicable law. Supporting documentation from companies or shareholder proponents proposing to alter the corporate form should clearly articulate how the interests of shareholders and different stakeholders would be impacted as well as the accountability and voting mechanisms that would be available to shareholders. As a fiduciary on behalf of clients, we generally support management proposals if our analysis indicates that shareholders’ interests are adequately protected. Relevant shareholder proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

 

6 

Corporate form refers to the legal structure by which a business is organized.

 

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Shareholder proposals

In most markets in which BlackRock invests on behalf of clients, shareholders have the right to submit proposals to be voted on by shareholders at a company’s annual or extraordinary meeting, as long as eligibility and procedural requirements are met. The matters that we see put forward by shareholders address a wide range of topics, including governance reforms, capital management, and improvements in the management or disclosure of E&S risks.

BlackRock is subject to certain requirements under antitrust law in the United States that place restrictions and limitations on how BlackRock can interact with the companies in which we invest on behalf of our clients, including our ability to submit shareholder proposals. As noted above, we can vote on proposals put forth by others.

When assessing shareholder proposals, we evaluate each proposal on its merit, with a singular focus on its implications for long-term value creation. We consider the business and economic relevance of the issue raised, as well as its materiality and the urgency with which we believe it should be addressed. We take into consideration the legal effect of the proposal, as shareholder proposals may be advisory or legally binding depending on the jurisdiction. We would not support proposals that we believe would result in over-reaching into the basic business decisions of the issuer.

Where a proposal is focused on a material business risk that we agree needs to be addressed and the intended outcome is consistent with long-term value creation, we will look to the board and management to demonstrate that the company has met the intent of the request made in the shareholder proposal. Where our analysis and/or engagement indicate an opportunity for improvement in the company’s approach to the issue, we may support shareholder proposals that are reasonable and not unduly constraining on management. Alternatively, or in addition, we may vote against the re-election of one or more directors if, in our assessment, the board has not responded sufficiently or with an appropriate sense of urgency. We may also support a proposal if management is on track, but we believe that voting in favor might accelerate progress.

BlackRock’s oversight of its investment stewardship activities

Oversight

We hold ourselves to a very high standard in our investment stewardship activities, including proxy voting. To meet this standard, BIS is comprised of BlackRock employees who do not have other responsibilities other than their roles in BIS. BIS is considered an investment function.

BlackRock maintains three regional advisory committees (“Stewardship Advisory Committees”) for(a) the Americas; (b) Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and (c) Asia-Pacific, generally consisting of senior BlackRock investment professionals and/or senior employees with practical boardroom experience. The regional Stewardship Advisory Committees review and advise on amendments to BIS proxy voting guidelines covering markets within each respective region (“Guidelines”). The advisory committees do not determine voting decisions, which are the responsibility of BIS.

In addition to the regional Stewardship Advisory Committees, the Investment Stewardship Global Oversight Committee (“Global Committee”) is a risk-focused committee, comprised of senior representatives from various BlackRock investment teams, a senior legal representative, the Global Head of Investment Stewardship(“Global Head”), and other senior executives with relevant experience and team oversight. The Global Oversight Committee does not determine voting decisions, which are the responsibility of BIS.

 

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The Global Head has primary oversight of the activities of BIS, including voting in accordance with the Guidelines, which require the application of professional judgment and consideration of each company’s unique circumstances. The Global Committee reviews and approves amendments to these Principles. The Global Committee also reviews and approves amendments to the regional Guidelines, as proposed by the regional Stewardship Advisory Committees.

In addition, the Global Committee receives and reviews periodic reports regarding the votes cast by BIS, as well as updates on material process issues, procedural changes, and other risk oversight considerations. The Global Committee reviews these reports in an oversight capacity as informed by the BIS corporate governance engagement program and the Guidelines.

BIS carries out engagement with companies, monitors and executes proxy votes, and conducts vote operations (including maintaining records of votes cast) in a manner consistent with the relevant Guidelines. BIS also conducts research on corporate governance issues and participates in industry discussions to contribute to and keep abreast of important developments in the corporate governance field. BIS may utilize third parties for certain of the foregoing activities and performs oversight of those third parties. BIS may raise complicated or particularly controversial matters for internal discussion with the relevant investment teams and governance specialists for discussion and guidance prior to making a voting decision.

Vote execution

We carefully consider proxies submitted to funds and other fiduciary account(s) (“Fund” or “Funds”) for which we have voting authority. BlackRock votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund for which we have voting authority based on our evaluation of the best long-term economic interests of our clients as shareholders, in the exercise of our independent business judgment, and without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder proponent or dissident shareholder) to the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), BlackRock or BlackRock’s affiliates, or BlackRock employees (see “Conflicts management policies and procedures”, below).

When exercising voting rights, BlackRock will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with the Guidelines for the relevant market. The Guidelines are reviewed annually and are amended consistent with changes in the local market practice, as developments in corporate governance occur, or as otherwise deemed advisable by the applicable Stewardship Advisory Committees. BIS analysts may, in the exercise of their professional judgment, conclude that the Guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is required or that an exception to the Guidelines would be in the best long-term economic interests of BlackRock’s clients.

In the uncommon circumstance of there being a vote with respect to fixed income securities or the securities of privately held issuers, the decision generally will be made by a Fund’s portfolio managers and/or BIS based on their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.

In certain markets, proxy voting involves logistical issues which can affect BlackRock’s ability to vote such proxies, as well as the desirability of voting such proxies. These issues include, but are not limited to: (i) untimely notice of shareholder meetings; (ii) restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes; (iii) requirements to vote proxies in person; (iv) “share-blocking” (requirements that investors who exercise their voting rights surrender the right to dispose of their holdings for some specified period in proximity to the shareholder meeting); (v) potential difficulties in translating the proxy; (vi) regulatory constraints; and (vii) requirements to provide local agents with unrestricted powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions. We are not supportive of impediments to the exercise of voting rights such as share-blocking or overly burdensome administrative requirements.

As a consequence, BlackRock votes proxies in these situations on a “best-efforts” basis. In addition, BIS may determine that it is generally in the best interests of BlackRock’s clients not to vote proxies (or not to vote our

 

B-14


full allocation) if the costs (including but not limited to opportunity costs associated with share-blocking constraints) associated with exercising a vote are expected to outweigh the benefit the client would derive by voting on the proposal.

Portfolio managers have full discretion to vote the shares in the Funds they manage based on their analysis of the economic impact of a particular ballot item on their investors. Portfolio managers may, from time to time, reach differing views on how best to maximize economic value with respect to a particular investment. Therefore, portfolio managers may, and sometimes do, vote shares in the Funds under their management differently from BIS or from one another. However, because BlackRock’s clients are mostly long-term investors with long-term economic goals, ballots are frequently cast in a uniform manner.

Conflicts management policies and procedures

BIS maintains policies and procedures that seek to prevent undue influence on BlackRock’s proxy voting activity. Such influence might stem from any relationship between the investee company (or any shareholder proponent or dissident shareholder) and BlackRock, BlackRock’s affiliates, a Fund or a Fund’s affiliates, or BlackRock employees. The following are examples of sources of perceived or potential conflicts of interest:

 

 

BlackRock clients who may be issuers of securities or proponents of shareholder resolutions

 

 

BlackRock business partners or third parties who may be issuers of securities or proponents of shareholder resolutions

 

 

BlackRock employees who may sit on the boards of public companies held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

 

Significant BlackRock, Inc. investors who may be issuers of securities held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

 

Securities of BlackRock, Inc. or BlackRock investment funds held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

 

BlackRock, Inc. board members who serve as senior executives or directors of public companies held in Funds managed by BlackRock

BlackRock has taken certain steps to mitigate perceived or potential conflicts including, but not limited to, the following:

 

 

Adopted the Guidelines which are designed to advance our clients’ interests in the companies in which BlackRock invests on their behalf.

 

 

Established a reporting structure that separates BIS from employees with sales, vendor management, or business partnership roles. In addition, BlackRock seeks to ensure that all engagements with corporate issuers, dissident shareholders or shareholder proponents are managed consistently and without regard to BlackRock’s relationship with such parties. Clients or business partners are not given special treatment or differentiated access to BIS. BIS prioritizes engagements based on factors including, but not limited to, our need for additional information to make a voting decision or our view on the likelihood that an engagement could lead to positive outcome(s) over time for the economic value of the company. Within the normal course of business, BIS may engage directly with BlackRock clients, business partners and/or third parties, and/or with employees with sales, vendor management, or business partnership roles, in discussions regarding our approach to stewardship, general corporate governance matters, client reporting needs, and/or to otherwise ensure that proxy-related client service levels are met.

 

 

Determined to engage, in certain instances, an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard to avoid potential conflicts of interest, to satisfy regulatory compliance requirements, or as may be otherwise required by applicable law. In such circumstances, the independent fiduciary provides BlackRock’s proxy

 

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voting agent with instructions, in accordance with the Guidelines, as to how to vote such proxies, and BlackRock’s proxy voting agent votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination. BlackRock uses an independent fiduciary to vote proxies of BlackRock, Inc. and companies affiliated with BlackRock, Inc. BlackRock may also use an independent fiduciary to vote proxies of:

 

   

public companies that include BlackRock employees on their boards of directors,

 

   

public companies of which a BlackRock, Inc. board member serves as a senior executive or a member of the board of directors,

 

   

public companies that are the subject of certain transactions involving BlackRock Funds,

 

   

public companies that are joint venture partners with BlackRock, and

 

   

public companies when legal or regulatory requirements compel BlackRock to use an independent fiduciary.

In selecting an independent fiduciary, we assess several characteristics, including but not limited to: independence, an ability to analyze proxy issues and vote in the best economic interest of our clients, reputation for reliability and integrity, and operational capacity to accurately deliver the assigned votes in a timely manner. We may engage more than one independent fiduciary, in part to mitigate potential or perceived conflicts of interest at an independent fiduciary. The Global Committee appoints and reviews the performance of the independent fiduciaries, generally on an annual basis.

Securities lending

When so authorized, BlackRock acts as a securities lending agent on behalf of Funds. Securities lending is a well-regulated practice that contributes to capital market efficiency. It also enables funds to generate additional returns for a fund, while allowing fund providers to keep fund expenses lower.

With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BlackRock’s approach is informed by our fiduciary responsibility to act in our clients’ best interests. In most cases, BlackRock anticipates that the potential long-term value to the Fund of voting shares would be less than the potential revenue the loan may provide the Fund. However, in certain instances, BlackRock may determine, in its independent business judgment as a fiduciary, that the value of voting outweighs the securities lending revenue loss to clients and would therefore recall shares to be voted in those instances.

The decision to recall securities on loan as part of BlackRock’s securities lending program in order to vote is based on an evaluation of various factors that include, but are not limited to, assessing potential securities lending revenue alongside the potential long-term value to clients of voting those securities (based on the information available at the time of recall consideration).7 BIS works with colleagues in the Securities Lending and Risk and Quantitative Analysis teams to evaluate the costs and benefits to clients of recalling shares on loan.

 

7 

Recalling securities on loan can be impacted by the timing of record dates. In the United States, for example, the record date of a shareholder meeting typically falls before the proxy statements are released. Accordingly, it is not practicable to evaluate a proxy statement, determine that a vote has a material impact on a fund and recall any shares on loan in advance of the record date for the annual meeting. As a result, managers must weigh independent business judgement as a fiduciary, the benefit to a fund’s shareholders of recalling loaned shares in advance of an estimated record date without knowing whether there will be a vote on matters which have a material impact on the fund (thereby forgoing potential securities lending revenue for the fund’s shareholders) or leaving shares on loan to potentially earn revenue for the fund (thereby forgoing the opportunity to vote).

 

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Periodically, BlackRock reviews our process for determining whether to recall securities on loan in order to vote and may modify it as necessary.

Voting guidelines

The issue-specific Guidelines published for each region/country in which we vote are intended to summarize BlackRock’s general philosophy and approach to issues that may commonly arise in the proxy voting context in each market where we invest. The Guidelines are not intended to be exhaustive. BIS applies the Guidelines on a case-by-case basis, in the context of the individual circumstances of each company and the specific issue under review. As such, the Guidelines do not indicate how BIS will vote in every instance. Rather, they reflect our view about corporate governance issues generally, and provide insight into how we typically approach issues that commonly arise on corporate ballots.

Reporting and vote transparency

We are committed to transparency in the stewardship work we do on behalf of clients. We inform clients about our engagement and voting policies and activities through direct communication and through disclosure on our website. Each year we publish an annual report that provides a global overview of our investment stewardship engagement and voting activities. Additionally, we make public our market-specific voting guidelines for the benefit of clients and companies with whom we engage. We also publish commentaries to share our perspective on market developments and emerging key themes.

At a more granular level, we publish quarterly our vote record for each company that held a shareholder meeting during the period, showing how we voted on each proposal and explaining any votes against management proposals or on shareholder proposals. For shareholder meetings where a vote might be high profile or of significant interest to clients, we may publish a vote bulletin after the meeting, disclosing and explaining our vote on key proposals. We also publish a quarterly list of all companies with which we engaged and the key topics addressed in the engagement meeting.

In this way, we help inform our clients about the work we do on their behalf in promoting the governance and business models that support long-term sustainable value creation.

 

 

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BlackRock

Investment

Stewardship

Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities

Effective as of January 2022

 

 

BlackRock

 

 

 

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CONTENTS

 

Introduction

     B-20  

Voting guidelines

     B-20  

Boards and directors

     B-20  

Auditors and audit-related issues

     B-26  

Capital structure proposals

     B-27  

Mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, and other special transactions

     B-28  

Executive compensation

     B-29  

Environmental and social issues

     B-31  

General corporate governance matters

     B-34  

Shareholder protections

     B-36  

 

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These guidelines should be read in conjunction with the BlackRock Investment Stewardship Global Principles.

Introduction

We believe BlackRock has a responsibility to monitor and provide feedback to companies, in our role as stewards of our clients’ investments. BlackRock Investment Stewardship (“BIS”) does this through engagement with management teams and/or board members on material business issues, including environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters and, for those clients who have given us authority, through voting proxies in the best long-term economic interests of their assets.

The following issue-specific proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are intended to summarize BIS’ regional philosophy and approach to engagement and voting on ESG factors, as well as our expectations of directors, for U.S. securities. These Guidelines are not intended to limit the analysis of individual issues at specific companies or provide a guide to how BIS will engage and/or vote in every instance. They are applied with discretion, taking into consideration the range of issues and facts specific to the company, as well as individual ballot items at annual and special meetings.

Voting guidelines

These guidelines are divided into eight key themes, which group together the issues that frequently appear on the agenda of annual and extraordinary meetings of shareholders:

 

   

Boards and directors

 

   

Auditors and audit-related issues

 

   

Capital structure

 

   

Mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, and other special transactions

 

   

Executive compensation

 

   

Environmental and social issues

 

   

General corporate governance matters

 

   

Shareholder protections

Boards and directors

The effective performance of the board is critical to the economic success of the company and the protection of shareholders’ interests. As part of their responsibilities, board members owe fiduciary duties to shareholders in overseeing the strategic direction, operations, and risk management of the company. For this reason, BIS sees engagement with and the election of directors as one of our most critical responsibilities.

Disclosure of material issues that affect the company’s long-term strategy and value creation, including material ESG factors, is essential for shareholders to appropriately understand and assess how effectively the board is identifying, managing, and mitigating risks.

Where we conclude that a board has failed to address or disclose one or more material issues within a specified timeframe, we may hold directors accountable or take other appropriate action in the context of our voting decisions.

 

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Director elections

Where a board has not adequately demonstrated, through actions and company disclosures, how material issues are appropriately identified, managed, and overseen, we will consider voting against the re-election of those directors responsible for the oversight of such issues, as indicated below.

Independence

We expect a majority of the directors on the board to be independent. In addition, all members of key committees, including audit, compensation, and nominating/governance committees, should be independent. Our view of independence may vary from listing standards.

Common impediments to independence may include:

 

   

Employment as a senior executive by the company or a subsidiary within the past five years

 

   

An equity ownership in the company in excess of 20%

 

   

Having any other interest, business, or relationship (professional or personal) which could, or could reasonably be perceived to, materially interfere with the director’s ability to act in the best interests of the company

We may vote against directors serving on key committees who we do not consider to be independent, including at controlled companies.

Oversight

We expect the board to exercise appropriate oversight of management and the business activities of the company. Where we believe a board has failed to exercise sufficient oversight, we may vote against the responsible committees and/or individual directors. The following illustrates common circumstances:

 

   

With regard to material ESG risk factors, or where the company has failed to provide shareholders with adequate disclosure to conclude appropriate strategic consideration is given to these factors by the board, we may vote against directors of the responsible committee, or the most relevant director

 

   

With regard to accounting practices or audit oversight, e.g., where the board has failed to facilitate quality, independent auditing. If substantial accounting irregularities suggest insufficient oversight, we will consider voting against the current audit committee, and any other members of the board who may be responsible

 

   

During a period in which executive compensation appears excessive relative to the performance of the company and compensation paid by peers, we may vote against the members of the compensation committee

 

   

Where a company has proposed an equity compensation plan that is not aligned with shareholders’ interests, we may vote against the members of the compensation committee

 

   

Where the board is not comprised of a majority of independent directors (this may not apply in the case of a controlled company), we may vote against the chair of the nominating/governance committee, or where no chair exists, the nominating/governance committee member with the longest tenure

 

   

Where it appears the director has acted (at the company or at other companies) in a manner that compromises their ability to represent the best long-term economic interests of shareholders, we may vote against that individual

 

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Where a director has a multi-year pattern of poor attendance at combined board and applicable committee meetings, or a director has poor attendance in a single year with no disclosed rationale, we may vote against that individual. Excluding exigent circumstances, BIS generally considers attendance at less than 75% of the combined board and applicable committee meetings to be poor attendance

 

   

Where a director serves on an excessive number of boards, which may limit their capacity to focus on each board’s needs, we may vote against that individual. The following identifies the maximum number of boards on which a director may serve, before BIS considers them to be over-committed:

 

      Public Company Executive    # Outside Public  Boards8        Total # of Public Boards    

Director A

      1    2

Director B9

        3    4

Responsiveness to shareholders

We expect a board to be engaged and responsive to its shareholders, including acknowledging voting outcomes for director elections, compensation, shareholder proposals, and other ballot items. Where we believe a board has not substantially addressed shareholder concerns, we may vote against the responsible committees and/or individual directors. The following illustrates common circumstances:

 

   

The independent chair or lead independent director, members of the nominating/governance committee, and/or the longest tenured director(s), where we observe a lack of board responsiveness to shareholders, evidence of board entrenchment, and/or failure to plan for adequate board member succession

 

   

The chair of the nominating/governance committee, or where no chair exists, the nominating/governance committee member with the longest tenure, where board member(s) at the most recent election of directors have received against votes from more than 25% of shares voted, and the board has not taken appropriate action to respond to shareholder concerns. This may not apply in cases where BIS did not support the initial against vote

 

   

The independent chair or lead independent director and/or members of the nominating/governance committee, where a board fails to consider shareholder proposals that receive substantial support, and the proposals, in our view, have a material impact on the business, shareholder rights, or the potential for long-term value creation

 

 

Shareholder rights

We expect a board to act with integrity and to uphold governance best practices. Where we believe a board has not acted in the best interests of its shareholders, we may vote against the appropriate committees and/or individual directors. The following illustrates common circumstances:

 

   

The independent chair or lead independent director and members of the nominating/governance committee, where a board implements or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval

 

8 

In addition to the company under review.

 

9 

Including fund managers whose full-time employment involves responsibility for the investment and oversight of fund vehicles, and those who have employment as professional investors and provide oversight for those holdings.

 

B-22


   

The independent chair or lead independent director and members of the nominating/governance committee, where a board amends the charter/articles/bylaws and where the effect may be to entrench directors or to significantly reduce shareholder rights

 

   

Members of the compensation committee where the company has repriced options without shareholder approval

If a board maintains a classified structure, it is possible that the director(s) with whom we have a particular concern may not be subject to election in the year that the concern arises. In such situations, if we have a concern regarding the actions of a committee and the responsible member(s), we will generally register our concern by voting against all available members of the relevant committee.

Board composition and effectiveness

We encourage boards to periodically refresh their membership to ensure relevant skills and experience within the boardroom. To this end, regular performance reviews and skills assessments should be conducted by the nominating/governance committee or the lead independent director. When nominating new directors to the board, we ask that there is sufficient information on the individual candidates so that shareholders can assess the suitability of each individual nominee and the overall board composition. Where boards find that age limits or term limits are the most efficient and objective mechanism for ensuring periodic board refreshment, we generally defer to the board’s determination in setting such limits. BIS will also consider the average board tenure to evaluate processes for board renewal. We may oppose boards that appear to have an insufficient mix of short-, medium-, and long-tenured directors.

Furthermore, we expect boards to be comprised of a diverse selection of individuals who bring their personal and professional experiences to bear in order to create a constructive debate of a variety of views and opinions in the boardroom. We are interested in diversity in the board room as a means to promoting diversity of thought and avoiding “groupthink”. We ask boards to disclose how diversity is considered in board composition, including demographic factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, and age; as well as professional characteristics, such as a director’s industry experience, specialist areas of expertise, and geographic location. We assess a board’s diversity in the context of a company’s domicile, business model, and strategy. We believe boards should aspire to 30% diversity of membership and encourage companies to have at least two directors on their board who identify as female and at least one who identifies as a member of an underrepresented group.10

We ask that boards disclose:

 

   

The aspects of diversity that the company believes are relevant to its business and how the diversity characteristics of the board, in aggregate, are aligned with a company’s long-term strategy and business model

 

   

The process by which candidates are identified and selected, including whether professional firms or other resources outside of incumbent directors’ networks have been engaged to identify and/or assess candidates, and whether a diverse slate of nominees is considered for all available board nominations

 

   

The process by which boards evaluate themselves and any significant outcomes of the evaluation process, without divulging inappropriate and/or sensitive details

 

10 

Including, but not limited to, individuals who identify as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latinx , Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; individuals who identify as LGBTQ+; individuals who identify as underrepresented based on national, Indigenous, religious, or cultural identity; individuals with disabilities; and veterans.

 

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This position is based on our view that diversity of perspective and thought – in the boardroom, in the management team, and throughout the company – leads to better long-term economic outcomes for companies. Academic research already reveals correlations between specific dimensions of diversity and effects on decision-making processes and outcomes.11 In our experience, greater diversity in the boardroom contributes to more robust discussions and more innovative and resilient decisions. Over time, it can also promote greater diversity and resilience in the leadership team and workforce more broadly, enabling companies to develop businesses that more closely reflect and resonate with the customers and communities they serve.

To the extent that, based on our assessment of corporate disclosures, a company has not adequately accounted for diversity in its board composition within a reasonable timeframe, we may vote against members of the nominating/governance committee for an apparent lack of commitment to board effectiveness. We recognize that building high-quality, diverse boards can take time. We will look to the largest companies (e.g., S&P 500) for continued leadership. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to board diversity.

Board size

We typically defer to the board in setting the appropriate size and believe directors are generally in the best position to assess the optimal board size to ensure effectiveness. However, we may oppose boards that appear too small to allow for the necessary range of skills and experience or too large to function efficiently.

CEO and management succession planning

There should be a robust CEO and senior management succession plan in place at the board level that is reviewed and updated on a regular basis. We expect succession planning to cover scenarios over both the long-term, consistent with the strategic direction of the company and identified leadership needs over time, as well as the short-term, in the event of an unanticipated executive departure. We encourage the company to explain its executive succession planning process, including where accountability lies within the boardroom for this task, without prematurely divulging sensitive information commonly associated with this exercise.

Classified board of directors/staggered terms

We believe that directors should be re-elected annually; classification of the board generally limits shareholders’ rights to regularly evaluate a board’s performance and select directors. While we will typically support proposals requesting board de-classification, we may make exceptions, should the board articulate an appropriate strategic rationale for a classified board structure. This may include when a company needs consistency and stability during a time of transition, e.g., newly public companies or companies undergoing a strategic restructuring. A classified board structure may also be justified at non-operating companies, e.g., closed-end funds or business development companies (“BDC”),12 in certain circumstances. We would, however, expect boards with a classified structure to periodically review the rationale for such structure and consider when annual elections might be more appropriate.

Without a voting mechanism to immediately address concerns about a specific director, we may choose to vote against the directors up for election at the time (see “Shareholder rights” for additional detail).

 

11 

For example, the role of gender diversity on team cohesion and participative communication is explored by Post, C., 2015, When is female leadership an advantage? Coordination requirements, team cohesion, and team interaction norms, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 1153-1175.

12 

A BDC is a special investment vehicle under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that is designed to facilitate capital formation for small and middle-market companies.

 

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Contested director elections

The details of contested elections, or proxy contests, are assessed on a case-by-case basis. We evaluate a number of factors, which may include: the qualifications of the dissident and management candidates; the validity of the concerns identified by the dissident; the viability of both the dissident’s and management’s plans; the ownership stake and holding period of the dissident; the likelihood that the dissident’s solutions will produce the desired change; and whether the dissident represents the best option for enhancing long-term shareholder value.

Cumulative voting

We believe that a majority vote standard is in the best long-term interests of shareholders. It ensures director accountability through the requirement to be elected by more than half of the votes cast. As such, we will generally oppose proposals requesting the adoption of cumulative voting, which may disproportionately aggregate votes on certain issues or director candidates.

Director compensation and equity programs

We believe that compensation for directors should be structured to attract and retain directors, while also aligning their interests with those of shareholders. We believe director compensation packages that are based on the company’s long-term value creation and include some form of long-term equity compensation are more likely to meet this goal. In addition, we expect directors to build meaningful share ownership over time.

Majority vote requirements

BIS believes that directors should generally be elected by a majority of the shares voted and will normally support proposals seeking to introduce bylaws requiring a majority vote standard for director elections. Majority vote standards assist in ensuring that directors who are not broadly supported by shareholders are not elected to serve as their representatives. Some companies with a plurality voting standard have adopted a resignation policy for directors who do not receive support from at least a majority of votes cast. Where we believe that the company already has a sufficiently robust majority voting process in place, we may not support a shareholder proposal seeking an alternative mechanism.

We note that majority voting may not be appropriate in all circumstances, for example, in the context of a contested election, or for majority-controlled companies.

Risk oversight

Companies should have an established process for identifying, monitoring, and managing business and material ESG risks. Independent directors should have access to relevant management information and outside advice, as appropriate, to ensure they can properly oversee risk. We encourage companies to provide transparency around risk management, mitigation, and reporting to the board. We are particularly interested in understanding how risk oversight processes evolve in response to changes in corporate strategy and/or shifts in the business and related risk environment. Comprehensive disclosure provides investors with a sense of the company’s long-term risk management practices and, more broadly, the quality of the board’s oversight. In the absence of robust disclosures, we may reasonably conclude that companies are not adequately managing risk.

Separation of chair and CEO

We believe that independent leadership is important in the boardroom. There are two commonly accepted structures for independent board leadership: 1) an independent chair; or 2) a lead independent director when the roles of chair and CEO are combined.

 

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In the absence of a significant governance concern, we defer to boards to designate the most appropriate leadership structure to ensure adequate balance and independence.13

In the event that the board chooses a combined chair/CEO model, we generally support the designation of a lead independent director if they have the power to: 1) provide formal input into board meeting agendas; 2) call meetings of the independent directors; and 3) preside at meetings of independent directors. Furthermore, while we anticipate that most directors will be elected annually, we believe an element of continuity is important for this role to provide appropriate leadership balance to the chair/CEO.

The following table illustrates examples of responsibilities under each board leadership model:

 

    Combined Chair/CEO Model   Separate Chair Model
     Chair/CEO   Lead Independent Director   Chair
Board Meetings   Authority to call full meetings of the board of directors   Attends full meetings of the board of directors   Authority to call full meetings of the board of directors
      Authority to call meetings of independent directors    
      Briefs CEO on issues arising from executive sessions    
Agenda   Primary responsibility for shaping board agendas, consulting with the lead independent director   Collaborates with chair/CEO to set board agenda and board information   Primary responsibility for shaping board agendas, in conjunction with CEO
Board Communications   Communicates with all directors on key issues and concerns outside of full board meetings   Facilitates discussion among independent directors on key issues and concerns outside of full board meetings, including contributing to the oversight of CEO and management succession planning  

Facilitates discussion among independent directors on key issues and concerns outside of full board meetings, including contributing to the oversight of CEO and management succession planning

 

 

Auditors and audit-related issues

BIS recognizes the critical importance of financial statements to provide a complete and accurate portrayal of a company’s financial condition. Consistent with our approach to voting on directors, we seek to hold the audit committee of the board responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function at a company. We may vote against the audit committee members where the board has failed to facilitate quality, independent auditing. We look to public disclosures for insight into the scope of the audit committee responsibilities, including an overview of audit committee processes, issues on the audit committee agenda, and key decisions taken by the audit committee. We take particular note of cases involving significant financial restatements or material weakness disclosures, and we expect timely disclosure and remediation of accounting irregularities.

The integrity of financial statements depends on the auditor effectively fulfilling its role. To that end, we favor an independent auditor. In addition, to the extent that an auditor fails to reasonably identify and address issues that eventually lead to a significant financial restatement, or the audit firm has violated standards of practice, we may also vote against ratification.

 

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To this end, we do not view shareholder proposals asking for the separation of chair and CEO to be a proxy for other concerns we may have at the company for which a vote against directors would be more appropriate. Rather, support for such a proposal might arise in the case of overarching and sustained governance concerns such as lack of independence or failure to oversee a material risk over consecutive years.

 

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From time to time, shareholder proposals may be presented to promote auditor independence or the rotation of audit firms. We may support these proposals when they are consistent with our views as described above.

Capital structure proposals

Equal voting rights

BIS believes that shareholders should be entitled to voting rights in proportion to their economic interests. We believe that companies that look to add or that already have dual or multiple class share structures should review these structures on a regular basis, or as company circumstances change. Companies with multiple share classes should receive shareholder approval of their capital structure on a periodic basis via a management proposal on the company’s proxy. The proposal should give unaffiliated shareholders the opportunity to affirm the current structure or establish mechanisms to end or phase out controlling structures at the appropriate time, while minimizing costs to shareholders.

Blank check preferred stock

We frequently oppose proposals requesting authorization of a class of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights (“blank check” preferred stock) because they may serve as a transfer of authority from shareholders to the board and as a possible entrenchment device. We generally view the board’s discretion to establish voting rights on a when-issued basis as a potential anti-takeover device, as it affords the board the ability to place a block of stock with an investor sympathetic to management, thereby foiling a takeover bid without a shareholder vote.

Nonetheless, we may support the proposal where the company:

 

   

Appears to have a legitimate financing motive for requesting blank check authority

 

   

Has committed publicly that blank check preferred shares will not be used for anti-takeover purposes

 

   

Has a history of using blank check preferred stock for financings

 

   

Has blank check preferred stock previously outstanding such that an increase would not necessarily provide further anti-takeover protection but may provide greater financing flexibility

Increase in authorized common shares

BIS will evaluate requests to increase authorized shares on a case-by-case basis, in conjunction with industry-specific norms and potential dilution, as well as a company’s history with respect to the use of its common shares.

Increase or issuance of preferred stock

We generally support proposals to increase or issue preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and where the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.

Stock splits

We generally support stock splits that are not likely to negatively affect the ability to trade shares or the economic value of a share. We generally support reverse stock splits that are designed to avoid delisting or to

 

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facilitate trading in the stock, where the reverse split will not have a negative impact on share value (e.g. one class is reduced while others remain at pre-split levels). In the event of a proposal for a reverse split that would not proportionately reduce the company’s authorized stock, we apply the same analysis we would use for a proposal to increase authorized stock.

Mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, and other special transactions

In assessing mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, or other special transactions – including business combinations involving Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”) – BIS’ primary consideration is the long-term economic interests of our clients as shareholders. We expect boards proposing a transaction to clearly explain the economic and strategic rationale behind it. We will review a proposed transaction to determine the degree to which it enhances long-term shareholder value. While mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, business combinations, and other special transaction proposals vary widely in scope and substance, we closely examine certain salient features in our analyses, such as:

 

   

The degree to which the proposed transaction represents a premium to the company’s trading price. We consider the share price over multiple time periods prior to the date of the merger announcement. We may consider comparable transaction analyses provided by the parties’ financial advisors and our own valuation assessments. For companies facing insolvency or bankruptcy, a premium may not apply

 

   

There should be clear strategic, operational, and/or financial rationale for the combination

 

   

Unanimous board approval and arm’s-length negotiations are preferred. We will consider whether the transaction involves a dissenting board or does not appear to be the result of an arm’s-length bidding process. We may also consider whether executive and/or board members’ financial interests appear likely to affect their ability to place shareholders’ interests before their own

 

   

We prefer transaction proposals that include the fairness opinion of a reputable financial advisor assessing the value of the transaction to shareholders in comparison to recent similar transactions

Poison pill plans

Where a poison pill is put to a shareholder vote by management, our policy is to examine these plans individually. Although we have historically opposed most plans, we may support plans that include a reasonable “qualifying offer clause.” Such clauses typically require shareholder ratification of the pill and stipulate a sunset provision whereby the pill expires unless it is renewed. These clauses also tend to specify that an all-cash bid for all shares that includes a fairness opinion and evidence of financing does not trigger the pill, but forces either a special meeting at which the offer is put to a shareholder vote, or requires the board to seek the written consent of shareholders, where shareholders could rescind the pill at their discretion. We may also support a pill where it is the only effective method for protecting tax or other economic benefits that may be associated with limiting the ownership changes of individual shareholders.

We generally vote in favor of shareholder proposals to rescind poison pills.

Reimbursement of expense for successful shareholder campaigns

We generally do not support shareholder proposals seeking the reimbursement of proxy contest expenses, even in situations where we support the shareholder campaign. We believe that introducing the possibility of such reimbursement may incentivize disruptive and unnecessary shareholder campaigns.

 

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Executive compensation

BIS expects a company’s board of directors to put in place a compensation structure that incentivizes and rewards executives appropriately and is aligned with shareholder interests, particularly the generation of sustainable long-term value.

We expect the compensation committee to carefully consider the specific circumstances of the company and the key individuals the board is focused on incentivizing. We encourage companies to ensure that their compensation plans incorporate appropriate and rigorous performance metrics consistent with corporate strategy and market practice. Performance-based compensation should include metrics that are relevant to the business and stated strategy or risk mitigation efforts. Goals, and the processes used to set these goals, should be clearly articulated and appropriately rigorous. We use third party research, in addition to our own analysis, to evaluate existing and proposed compensation structures. We hold members of the compensation committee, or equivalent board members, accountable for poor compensation practices or structures.

BIS believes that there should be a clear link between variable pay and company performance that drives value creation for our clients as shareholders. We are generally not supportive of one-off or special bonuses unrelated to company or individual performance. Where discretion has been used by the compensation committee, we expect disclosure relating to how and why the discretion was used and further, how the adjusted outcome is aligned with the interests of shareholders.

We acknowledge that the use of peer group evaluation by compensation committees can help calibrate competitive pay; however, we are concerned when the rationale for increases in total compensation is solely based on peer benchmarking, rather than absolute outperformance.

We support incentive plans that foster the sustainable achievement of results – both financial and non-financial, including ESG – consistent with the company’s strategic initiatives. The vesting and holding timeframes associated with incentive plans should facilitate a focus on long-term value creation.

Compensation committees should guard against contractual arrangements that would entitle executives to material compensation for early termination of their contract. Finally, pension contributions and other deferred compensation arrangements should be reasonable in light of market practices. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to executive compensation.

“Say on Pay” advisory resolutions

In cases where there is a “Say on Pay” vote, BIS will respond to the proposal as informed by our evaluation of compensation practices at that particular company and in a manner that appropriately addresses the specific question posed to shareholders. Where we conclude that a company has failed to align pay with performance, we will vote against the management compensation proposal and relevant compensation committee members.

Frequency of “Say on Pay” advisory resolutions

BIS will generally support annual advisory votes on executive compensation. We believe shareholders should have the opportunity to express feedback on annual incentive programs and changes to long-term compensation before multiple cycles are issued.

Clawback proposals

We generally favor recoupment from any senior executive whose compensation was based on faulty financial reporting or deceptive business practices. We also favor recoupment from any senior executive whose behavior

 

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caused material financial harm to shareholders, material reputational risk to the company, or resulted in a criminal proceeding, even if such actions did not ultimately result in a material restatement of past results. This includes, but is not limited to, settlement agreements arising from such behavior and paid for directly by the company. We typically support shareholder proposals on these matters unless the company already has a robust clawback policy that sufficiently addresses our concerns.

Employee stock purchase plans

We believe employee stock purchase plans (“ESPP”) are an important part of a company’s overall human capital management strategy and can provide performance incentives to help align employees’ interests with those of shareholders. The most common form of ESPP qualifies for favorable tax treatment under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. We will typically support qualified ESPP proposals.

Equity compensation plans

BIS supports equity plans that align the economic interests of directors, managers, and other employees with those of shareholders. We believe that boards should establish policies prohibiting the use of equity awards in a manner that could disrupt the intended alignment with shareholder interests (e.g. the use of stock as collateral for a loan; the use of stock in a margin account; the use of stock in hedging or derivative transactions). We may support shareholder proposals requesting the establishment of such policies.

Our evaluation of equity compensation plans is based on a company’s executive pay and performance relative to peers and whether the plan plays a significant role in a pay-for-performance disconnect. We generally oppose plans that contain “evergreen” provisions, which allow for the unlimited increase of shares reserved without requiring further shareholder approval after a reasonable time period. We also generally oppose plans that allow for repricing without shareholder approval. We may also oppose plans that provide for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even in situations where an actual change of control may not occur. We encourage companies to structure their change of control provisions to require the termination of the covered employee before acceleration or special payments are triggered (commonly referred to as “double trigger” change of control provisions).

Golden parachutes

We generally view golden parachutes as encouragement to management to consider transactions that might be beneficial to shareholders. However, a large potential pay-out under a golden parachute arrangement also presents the risk of motivating a management team to support a sub-optimal sale price for a company.

When determining whether to support or oppose an advisory vote on a golden parachute plan, BIS may consider several factors, including:

 

   

Whether we believe that the triggering event is in the best interests of shareholders

 

   

Whether management attempted to maximize shareholder value in the triggering event

 

   

The percentage of total premium or transaction value that will be transferred to the management team, rather than shareholders, as a result of the golden parachute payment

 

   

Whether excessively large excise tax gross-up payments are part of the pay-out

 

   

Whether the pay package that serves as the basis for calculating the golden parachute payment was reasonable in light of performance and peers

 

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Whether the golden parachute payment will have the effect of rewarding a management team that has failed to effectively manage the company

It may be difficult to anticipate the results of a plan until after it has been triggered; as a result, BIS may vote against a golden parachute proposal even if the golden parachute plan under review was approved by shareholders when it was implemented.

We may support shareholder proposals requesting that implementation of such arrangements require shareholder approval.

Option exchanges

We believe that there may be legitimate instances where underwater options create an overhang on a company’s capital structure and a repricing or option exchange may be warranted. We will evaluate these instances on a case-by-case basis. BIS may support a request to reprice or exchange underwater options under the following circumstances:

 

   

The company has experienced significant stock price decline as a result of macroeconomic trends, not individual company performance

 

   

Directors and executive officers are excluded; the exchange is value neutral or value creative to shareholders; tax, accounting, and other technical considerations have been fully contemplated

 

   

There is clear evidence that absent repricing, the company will suffer serious employee incentive or retention and recruiting problems

BIS may also support a request to exchange underwater options in other circumstances, if we determine that the exchange is in the best interests of shareholders.

Supplemental executive retirement plans

BIS may support shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in supplemental executive retirement plans (“SERP”) to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.

Environmental and social issues

We believe that well-managed companies deal effectively with material ESG factors relevant to their businesses. Governance is the core means by which boards can oversee the creation of sustainable long-term value. Appropriate risk oversight of environmental and social (“E&S”) considerations stems from this construct.

Robust disclosure is essential for investors to effectively gauge the impact of companies’ business practices and strategic planning related to E&S risks and opportunities. When a company’s reporting is inadequate, investors, including BlackRock, will increasingly conclude that the company is not appropriately managing risk. Given the increased understanding of material sustainability risks and opportunities, and the need for better information to assess them, BIS will advocate for continued improvement in companies’ reporting and will express concerns through our voting where disclosures or the business practices underlying them are inadequate.

BIS encourages companies to disclose their approach to maintaining a sustainable business model. We believe that reporting aligned with the framework developed by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”), supported by industry-specific metrics such as those identified by the Sustainability Accounting

 

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Standards Board (“SASB”), can provide a comprehensive picture of a company’s sustainability approach and performance. While the TCFD framework was developed to support climate-related risk disclosure, the four pillars of the TCFD — Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, and Metrics and Targets — are a useful way for companies to disclose how they identify, assess, manage, and oversee a variety of sustainability-related risks and opportunities. SASB’s industry-specific guidance (as identified in its materiality map) is beneficial in helping companies identify key performance indicators (“KPIs”) across various dimensions of sustainability that are considered to be financially material and decision-useful within their industry. We recognize that some companies may report using different standards, which may be required by regulation, or one of a number of private standards. In such cases, we ask that companies highlight the metrics that are industry- or company-specific.

Accordingly, we ask companies to:

 

   

Disclose the identification, assessment, management, and oversight of sustainability-related risks in accordance with the four pillars of TCFD

 

   

Publish investor-relevant, industry-specific, material metrics and rigorous targets, aligned with SASB or comparable sustainability reporting standards

Companies should also disclose any supranational standards adopted, the industry initiatives in which they participate, any peer group benchmarking undertaken, and any assurance processes to help investors understand their approach to sustainable and responsible business conduct.

Climate risk

BlackRock believes that climate change has become a defining factor in companies’ long-term prospects. We ask every company to help its investors understand how it may be impacted by climate-related risk and opportunities, and how these factors are considered within strategy in a manner consistent with the company’s business model and sector. Specifically, we ask companies to articulate how their business model is aligned to a scenario in which global warming is limited to well below 2°C, moving towards global net zero emissions by 2050.

BIS understands that climate change can be very challenging for many companies, as they seek to drive long-term value by mitigating risks and capturing opportunities. A growing number of companies, financial institutions, as well as governments, have committed to advancing net zero. There is growing consensus that companies can benefit from the more favorable macro-economic environment under an orderly, timely, and just transition to net zero.14 Many companies are asking what their role should be in contributing to a just transition – in ensuring a reliable energy supply and protecting the most vulnerable from energy price shocks and economic dislocation. They are also seeking more clarity as to the public policy path that will help align greenhouse gas reduction actions with commitments.

In this context, we ask companies to disclose a business plan for how they intend to deliver long-term financial performance through the transition to global net zero, consistent with their business model and sector. We encourage companies to demonstrate that their plans are resilient under likely decarbonization pathways, and the

 

14 

For example, BlackRock’s Capital Markets Assumptions anticipate 25 points of cumulative economic gains over a 20-year period in an orderly transition as compared to the alternative. This better macro environment will support better economic growth, financial stability, job growth, productivity, as well as ecosystem stability and health outcomes.

 

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global aspiration to limit warming to 1.5°C.15 We also encourage companies to disclose how considerations related to having a reliable energy supply and just transition affect their plans.

We look to companies to set short-, medium-, and long-term science-based targets, where available for their sector, for greenhouse gas reductions and to demonstrate how their targets are consistent with the long-term economic interests of their shareholders. Companies have an opportunity to use and contribute to the development of alternative energy sources and low-carbon transition technologies that will be essential to reaching net zero. We also recognize that some continued investment is required to maintain a reliable, affordable supply of fossil fuels during the transition. We ask companies to disclose how their capital allocation across alternatives, transition technologies, and fossil fuel production is consistent with their strategy and their emissions reduction targets.

In determining how to vote, we will continue to assess whether a company’s disclosures are aligned with the TCFD and provide short-, medium-, and long-term reduction targets for Scope 1 and 2 emissions. We may signal concerns about a company’s plans or disclosures in our voting on director elections, particularly at companies facing material climate risks. We may support shareholder proposals that ask companies to disclose climate plans aligned with our expectations. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to climate risk..

Key stakeholder interests

We believe that in order to deliver long-term value for shareholders, companies should also consider the interests of their key stakeholders. While stakeholder groups may vary across industries, they are likely to include employees; business partners (such as suppliers and distributors); clients and consumers; government and regulators; and the communities in which a company operates. Companies that build strong relationships with their key stakeholders are more likely to meet their own strategic objectives, while poor relationships may create adverse impacts that expose a company to legal, regulatory, operational, and reputational risks and jeopardize their social license to operate. We expect companies to effectively oversee and mitigate these risks with appropriate due diligence processes and board oversight. Our publicly available commentaries provide more information on our approach.

Human capital management

A company’s approach to human capital management (“HCM”) is a critical factor in fostering an inclusive, diverse, and engaged workforce, which contributes to business continuity, innovation, and long-term value creation. Consequently, we expect companies to demonstrate a robust approach to HCM and provide shareholders with disclosures to understand how their approach aligns with their stated strategy and business model.

We believe that clear and consistent disclosures on these matters are critical for investors to make an informed assessment of a company’s HCM practices. We expect companies to disclose the steps they are taking to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion; job categories and workforce demographics; and their responses to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s EEO-1 Survey. Where we believe a company’s disclosures or practices fall short relative to the market or peers, or we are unable to ascertain the board and management’s effectiveness in overseeing related risks and opportunities, we may vote against members of the appropriate committee or support relevant shareholder proposals. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to HCM.

 

15 

The global aspiration is reflective of aggregated efforts; companies in developed and emerging markets are not equally equipped to transition their business and reduce emissions at the same rate—those in developed markets with the largest market capitalization are better positioned to adapt their business models at an accelerated pace. Government policy and regional targets may be reflective of these realities.

 

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Corporate political activities

Companies may engage in certain political activities, within legal and regulatory limits, in order to support public policy matters material to the companies’ long-term strategies. These activities can also create risks, including: the potential for allegations of corruption; certain reputational risks; and risks that arise from the complex legal, regulatory, and compliance considerations associated with corporate political spending and lobbying activity. Companies that engage in political activities should develop and maintain robust processes to guide these activities and mitigate risks, including board oversight.

When presented with shareholder proposals requesting increased disclosure on corporate political activities, BIS will evaluate publicly available information to consider how a company’s lobbying and political activities may impact the company. We will also evaluate whether there is general consistency between a company’s stated positions on policy matters material to its strategy and the material positions taken by significant industry groups of which it is a member. We may decide to support a shareholder proposal requesting additional disclosures if we identify a material inconsistency or feel that further transparency may clarify how the company’s political activities support its long-term strategy. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to corporate political activities.

General corporate governance matters

Adjourn meeting to solicit additional votes

We generally support such proposals unless the agenda contains items that we judge to be detrimental to shareholders’ best long-term economic interests.

Bundled proposals

We believe that shareholders should have the opportunity to review substantial governance changes individually without having to accept bundled proposals. Where several measures are grouped into one proposal, BIS may reject certain positive changes when linked with proposals that generally contradict or impede the rights and economic interests of shareholders.

Exclusive forum provisions

BIS generally supports proposals to seek exclusive forum for certain shareholder litigation. In cases where a board unilaterally adopts exclusive forum provisions that we consider unfavorable to the interests of shareholders, we will vote against the independent chair or lead independent director and members of the nominating/governance committee.

Multi-jurisdictional companies

Where a company is listed on multiple exchanges or incorporated in a country different from its primary listing, we will seek to apply the most relevant market guideline(s) to our analysis of the company’s governance structure and specific proposals on the shareholder meeting agenda. In doing so, we typically consider the governance standards of the company’s primary listing, the market standards by which the company governs itself, and the market context of each specific proposal on the agenda. If the relevant standards are silent on the issue under consideration, we will use our professional judgment as to what voting outcome would best protect the long-term economic interests of investors. We expect companies to disclose the rationale for their selection of primary listing, country of incorporation, and choice of governance structures, particularly where there is conflict between relevant market governance practices.

 

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Other business

We oppose voting on matters where we are not given the opportunity to review and understand those measures and carry out an appropriate level of shareholder oversight.

Reincorporation

Proposals to reincorporate from one state or country to another are most frequently motivated by considerations of anti-takeover protections, legal advantages, and/or cost savings. We will evaluate, on a case-by-case basis, the economic and strategic rationale behind the company’s proposal to reincorporate. In all instances, we will evaluate the changes to shareholder protections under the new charter/articles/bylaws to assess whether the move increases or decreases shareholder protections. Where we find that shareholder protections are diminished, we may support reincorporation if we determine that the overall benefits outweigh the diminished rights.

IPO governance

We expect boards to consider and disclose how the corporate governance structures adopted upon initial public offering (“IPO”) are in shareholders’ best long-term interests. We also expect boards to conduct a regular review of corporate governance and control structures, such that boards might evolve foundational corporate governance structures as company circumstances change, without undue costs and disruption to shareholders. In our letter on unequal voting structures, we articulate our view that “one vote for one share” is the preferred structure for publicly-traded companies. We also recognize the potential benefits of dual class shares to newly public companies as they establish themselves; however, we believe that these structures should have a specific and limited duration. We will generally engage new companies on topics such as classified boards and supermajority vote provisions to amend bylaws, as we believe that such arrangements may not be in the best interest of shareholders in the long-term.

We will typically apply a one-year grace period for the application of certain director-related guidelines (including, but not limited to, responsibilities on other public company boards and board composition concerns), during which we expect boards to take steps to bring corporate governance standards in line with our expectations.

Further, if a company qualifies as an emerging growth company (an “EGC”) under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), we will give consideration to the NYSE and NASDAQ governance exemptions granted under the JOBS Act for the duration such a company is categorized as an EGC. We expect an EGC to have a totally independent audit committee by the first anniversary of its IPO, with our standard approach to voting on auditors and audit-related issues applicable in full for an EGC on the first anniversary of its IPO.

Corporate form

Proposals to change a corporation’s form, including those to convert to a public benefit corporation (“PBC”) structure, should clearly articulate how the interests of shareholders and different stakeholders would be augmented or adversely affected, as well as the accountability and voting mechanisms that would be available to shareholders. We generally support management proposals if our analysis indicates that shareholders’ interests are adequately protected. Corporate form shareholder proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

 

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Shareholder protections

Amendment to charter/articles/bylaws

We believe that shareholders should have the right to vote on key corporate governance matters, including changes to governance mechanisms and amendments to the charter/articles/bylaws. We may vote against certain directors where changes to governing documents are not put to a shareholder vote within a reasonable period of time, particularly if those changes have the potential to impact shareholder rights (see “Director elections”). In cases where a board’s unilateral adoption of changes to the charter/articles/bylaws promotes cost and operational efficiency benefits for the company and its shareholders, we may support such action if it does not have a negative effect on shareholder rights or the company’s corporate governance structure.

When voting on a management or shareholder proposal to make changes to the charter/articles/bylaws, we will consider in part the company’s and/or proponent’s publicly stated rationale for the changes; the company’s governance profile and history; relevant jurisdictional laws; and situational or contextual circumstances which may have motivated the proposed changes, among other factors. We will typically support amendments to the charter/articles/bylaws where the benefits to shareholders outweigh the costs of failing to make such changes.

Proxy access

We believe that long-term shareholders should have the opportunity, when necessary and under reasonable conditions, to nominate directors on the company’s proxy card.

In our view, securing the right of shareholders to nominate directors without engaging in a control contest can enhance shareholders’ ability to meaningfully participate in the director election process, encourage board attention to shareholder interests, and provide shareholders an effective means of directing that attention where it is lacking. Proxy access mechanisms should provide shareholders with a reasonable opportunity to use this right without stipulating overly restrictive or onerous parameters for use, and also provide assurances that the mechanism will not be subject to abuse by short-term investors, investors without a substantial investment in the company, or investors seeking to take control of the board.

In general, we support market-standardized proxy access proposals, which allow a shareholder (or group of up to 20 shareholders) holding three percent of a company’s outstanding shares for at least three years the right to nominate the greater of up to two directors or 20% of the board. Where a standardized proxy access provision exists, we will generally oppose shareholder proposals requesting outlier thresholds.

Right to act by written consent

In exceptional circumstances and with sufficiently broad support, shareholders should have the opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting. We therefore believe that shareholders should have the right to solicit votes by written consent provided that: 1) there are reasonable requirements to initiate the consent solicitation process (in order to avoid the waste of corporate resources in addressing narrowly supported interests); and 2) shareholders receive a minimum of 50% of outstanding shares to effectuate the action by written consent. We may oppose shareholder proposals requesting the right to act by written consent in cases where the proposal is structured for the benefit of a dominant shareholder to the exclusion of others, or if the proposal is written to discourage the board from incorporating appropriate mechanisms to avoid the waste of corporate resources when establishing a right to act by written consent. Additionally, we may oppose shareholder proposals requesting the right to act by written consent if the company already provides a shareholder right to call a special meeting that we believe offers shareholders a reasonable opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting.

 

B-36


Right to call a special meeting

In exceptional circumstances and with sufficiently broad support, shareholders should have the opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting. Accordingly, shareholders should have the right to call a special meeting in cases where a reasonably high proportion of shareholders (typically a minimum of 15% but no higher than 25%) are required to agree to such a meeting before it is called. However, we may oppose this right in cases where the proposal is structured for the benefit of a dominant shareholder, or where a lower threshold may lead to an ineffective use of corporate resources. We generally believe that a right to act via written consent is not a sufficient alternative to the right to call a special meeting.

Simple majority voting

We generally favor a simple majority voting requirement to pass proposals. Therefore, we will support the reduction or the elimination of supermajority voting requirements to the extent that we determine shareholders’ ability to protect their economic interests is improved. Nonetheless, in situations where there is a substantial or dominant shareholder, supermajority voting may be protective of minority shareholder interests and we may support supermajority voting requirements in those situations.

Virtual meetings

Shareholders should have the opportunity to participate in the annual and special meetings for the companies in which they are invested, as these meetings facilitate an opportunity for shareholders to provide feedback and hear from the board and management. While these meetings have traditionally been conducted in-person, virtual meetings are an increasingly viable way for companies to utilize technology to facilitate shareholder accessibility, inclusiveness, and cost efficiencies. We expect shareholders to have a meaningful opportunity to participate in the meeting and interact with the board and management in these virtual settings; companies should facilitate open dialogue and allow shareholders to voice concerns and provide feedback without undue censorship. Relevant shareholder proposals are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

 

 

B-37


PART C

Other Information

Item 25. Financial Statements And Exhibits

The agreements included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this registration statement contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in such agreement by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement; (iii) may apply contract standards of “materiality” that are different from “materiality” under the applicable securities laws; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement.

The Registrant acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements in this registration statement not misleading.

 

(1)    Financial Statement
   Part A: None
   Part B:
   Audited Financial Statement – to be included in SAI
   Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – to be included in SAI
(2)    Exhibits
(a)(1)    Agreement and Declaration of Trust is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)  of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-250205), as filed on November 19, 2020.
(a)(2)    Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust is filed herewith.
(b)(1)    Bylaws are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b) of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-250205), as filed on November 19, 2020.
(b)(2)    Amended and Restated Bylaws are filed herewith.
(c)    Inapplicable
(d)(1)    Article VI (Shares of Beneficial Interest) and Article X (Shareholders) of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust is filed herewith.
(d)(2)    Article I (Shareholder Meetings) of the Amended and Restated Bylaws is filed herewith.
(e)    Form of Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan is filed herewith.
(f)    Inapplicable
(g)(1)    Form of Investment Management Agreement is filed herewith.
(g)(2)    Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith.
(g)(3)    Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith.
(g)(4)    Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith.
(g)(5)    Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith.
(g)(6)    Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith.
(g)(7)    Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith


(g)(8)    Form of Amendment No. 6 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement is filed herewith.
(h)(1)    Form of Underwriting Agreement to be filed by amendment.
(h)(2)    Form of Master Agreement Among Underwriters to be filed by amendment.
(h)(3)    Form of Master Selected Dealers Agreement to be filed by amendment.
(h)(4)    Form of Structuring Fee Agreement to be filed by amendment.
(i)    Form of BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan is filed herewith.
(j)    Form of Master Custodian Agreement is filed herewith.
(k)(1)    Form of Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is filed herewith.
(k)(2)    Form of Administration and Fund Accounting Services Agreement is filed herewith.
(k)(3)    Form of Eighth Amended and Restated Securities Lending Agreement is filed herewith.
(k)(4)    Form of Organizational and Offering Expenses Agreement between Registrant and BlackRock Advisors, LLC is filed herewith.
(l)    Opinion and Consent of Counsel to be filed by amendment.
(m)    Inapplicable
(n)    Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent to be filed by amendment.
(o)    Inapplicable
(p)    Initial Subscription Agreement to be filed by amendment.
(q)    Inapplicable
(r)    Code of Ethics of the Registrant and the Advisor is filed herewith.
(s)    Calculation of Filing Fee Table is filed herewith.
(t)    Power of Attorney is filed herewith.

Item 26. Marketing Arrangements

See the Form of Underwriting Agreement, the Form of Master Agreement Among Underwriters, the Form of Master Selected Dealers Agreement and the Form of Structuring Fee Agreement to be filed by pre-effective amendment as Exhibit (h)(1), Exhibit (h)(2), Exhibit (h)(3) and Exhibit (h)(4), respectively, to this Registration Statement.

Item 27. Other Expenses Of Issuance And Distribution

The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement:

 

Registration fee

   $            

NYSE listing fee

  

Printing and engraving expenses

  

Accounting fees and expenses

  

Legal fees and expenses

  

FINRA fee

  

Miscellaneous

  

Total

   $    

 

- 2 -


Item 28. Persons Controlled By Or Under Common Control With The Registrant

None.

Item 29. Number Of Holders Of Shares

As of             , 2022:

 

Title of Class

   Number of Record Holders  

Common Shares of Beneficial Interest

  

Item 30. Indemnification

Article V of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides as follows:

5.1     No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc. No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders of a corporation incorporated under the Maryland General Corporation Law. To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of trustees and officers of a Maryland statutory trust, (i) no Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person, save only liability to the Trust or its Shareholders arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for his duty to such Person; and, subject to the foregoing exception, all such Persons shall look solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust and (ii) if any Shareholder, Trustee or officer, as such, of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or proceeding to enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception, such Shareholder, Trustee or officer shall not, on account thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or modification of this Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

5.2     Mandatory Indemnification. (a) The Trust hereby agrees to indemnify each person who at any time serves or has served as a Trustee or officer of the Trust (each such person being an “indemnitee”) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and reasonable counsel fees reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which such indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth in this Article V by reason of such indemnitee having acted in any such capacity, provided, however, that no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence, or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as “disabling conduct”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such indemnitee (1) was authorized by a majority of the Trustees or (2) was instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her rights to indemnification hereunder in a case in which the indemnitee is found to be entitled to such indemnification. The rights to indemnification set forth in this Declaration shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Trustee or officer of the Trust and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. No amendment or restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate any of the benefits provided to any person who at any time is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust or otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior to such amendment, restatement or repeal.

(b)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, no indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a determination (i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such indemnitee is entitled to indemnification

 

- 3 -


hereunder or, (ii) in the absence of such a decision, by (1) a majority vote of a quorum of those Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) (“Independent Trustees”) nor parties to the proceeding (“Disinterested Non-Party Trustees”), that the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or (2) if such quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if such majority so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion concludes that the indemnitee should be entitled to indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and made in accordance with the immediately succeeding paragraph (c) below.

(c)    The Trust shall make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written affirmation by the indemnitee of the indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standards of conduct necessary for indemnification have been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently determined that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if a majority of the Trustees determine that the applicable standards of conduct necessary for indemnification appear to have been met. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (i) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for his undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or if a majority vote of such quorum so direct or in the absence of any Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall conclude, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is substantial reason to believe that the indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

(d)    The rights accruing to any indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the Bylaws of the Trust, any statute, agreement, vote of Shareholders or Trustees who are “disinterested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) or any other right to which he or she may be lawfully entitled.

(e)    Subject to any limitations provided by the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the Trust shall have the power and authority to indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to employees, agents and other Persons providing services to the Trust or serving in any capacity at the request of the Trust to the full extent corporations organized under the Maryland General Corporation Law may indemnify or provide for the advance payment of expenses for such Persons, provided that such indemnification has been approved by the Board of Trustees.

(f)    The Board of Trustees may maintain insurance for the protection of the Trust Property, Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such amount as the Board of Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible tort liability, and such other insurance as the Board of Trustees in its sole judgment shall deem advisable or is required by the 1940 Act.

(g)    In the event of payment by the Trust to an indemnitee, the Trust shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the indemnitee, who shall execute such documents and do such acts as the Trust may reasonably request to secure such rights and to enable the Trust effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.

5.3    No Bond Required of Trustees. No Trustee shall, as such, be obligated to give any bond or other security for the performance of any of such Trustees duties hereunder.

5.4     No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be made by the Board of Trustees or by said officer, employee or agent or be liable for the application of money or property paid, loaned, or delivered to or on the order of the Board of Trustees or of said officer, employee or agent. Every obligation, contract, undertaking, instrument, certificate, Share, other security of the Trust, and every other act or thing whatsoever executed in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively taken to have been executed or done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees under this Declaration or in their capacity as officers, employees or agents of the Trust.

5.5     Trustee’s Good Faith Action, Reliance on Experts, etc. The exercise in good faith by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. The Trustees may rely in good faith

 

- 4 -


upon advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration and their duties as Trustees hereunder, and, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice; provided further that, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, the Trustees shall be under no liability for failing to follow such advice. To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, a Trustee shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Trust and upon information, opinions, reports or statements presented by another Trustee or any officer, employee or other agent of the Trust, or by any other Person as to matters the Trustee believes in good faith are within such other Person’s professional or expert competence, including information, opinions, reports or statements as to the value and amount of the assets, liabilities, profits or losses of the Trust or any series or class, or the value and amount of assets or reserves or contracts, agreements or other undertakings that would be sufficient to pay claims and obligations of the Trust or any series or class or to make reasonable provision to pay such claims and obligations, or any other facts pertinent to the existence and amount of assets from which distributions to Shareholders or creditors of the Trust might properly be paid.

Registrant has also entered into an agreement with Trustees and officers of the Registrant entitled to indemnification under the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust pursuant to which the Registrant has agreed to advance expenses and costs incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any matter in respect of which indemnification might be sought pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Reference is also made to:

 

   

Section 10 of the Registrant’s Investment Management Agreement, a form of is filed by pre-effective amendment as Exhibit (g)(1) to this Registration Statement; and

 

   

Section         of the Underwriting Agreement, a form of which will be filed by pre-effective amendment as Exhibit (h)(1) to this Registration Statement.

Additionally, the Registrant and the other funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex jointly maintain, at their own expense, E&O/D&O insurance policies for the benefit of its Trustees, officers and certain affiliated persons. The Registrant pays a pro rata portion of the premium on such insurance policies.

Item 31. Business And Other Connections Of Investment Adviser

BlackRock Advisors, LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware (the “Advisor”), acts as investment adviser to the Registrant. The Registrant is fulfilling the requirement of this Item 31 to provide a list of the officers and directors of the Advisor, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the Advisor or those officers and directors during the past two years, by incorporating by reference the information contained in the Form ADV of the Advisor filed with the commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Commission File No. 801-47710).

Item 32. Location Of Accounts And Records

The Registrant’s accounts, books and other documents are currently located at the offices of the Registrant, c/o BlackRock Advisors, LLC, 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, DE 19809 and at the offices of State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Registrant’s Custodian and Administrator and Administrator, at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., the Registrant’s Transfer Agent, at 150 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.

Item 33. Management Services

Not Applicable

 

- 5 -


Item 34. Undertakings

(1)    The Registrant hereby undertakes to suspend the offering of its shares until it amends its prospectus if (a) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than 10 percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the Registration Statement or (b) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.

(2)    Not applicable

(3)    Not applicable

(4)    (a) For the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of a registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of the Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(b)    For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(5)    Not applicable.

(6)    Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(7)    The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any prospectus or Statement of Additional Information constituting Part B of this Registration Statement.

 

 

- 6 -


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York, on the 28th day of July, 2022.

 

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST
By:  

/s/ John M. Perlowski

  John M. Perlowski
  Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer,

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated and on the 28th day of July, 2022.

 

Signature

  

Title

/s/ John M. Perlowski

   Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer
(John M. Perlowski)    (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Trent Walker

   Chief Financial Officer
(Trent Walker)    (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

R. GLENN HUBBARD*

   Trustee
(R. Glenn Hubbard)

W. CARL KESTER*

   Trustee
(W. Carl Kester)

CYNTHIA L. EGAN*

   Trustee
(Cynthia L. Egan)

FRANK J. FABOZZI*

   Trustee
(Frank J. Fabozzi)

LORENZO A. FLORES*

   Trustee
(Lorenzo A. Flores)

STAYCE D. HARRIS*

   Trustee
(Stayce D. Harris)

J. PHILLIP HOLLOMAN*

   Trustee
(J. Phillip Holloman)

CATHERINE A. LYNCH*

   Trustee
(Catherine A. Lynch)

ROBERT FAIRBAIRN*

   Trustee
(Robert Fairbairn)

*By: /s/ Janey Ahn

  
    (Janey Ahn, Attorney-In-Fact)   

 

- 7 -


EXHIBIT INDEX

 

(a)(2)   Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust
(b)(2)   Amended and Restated Bylaws
(e)   Form of Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan
(g)(1)   Form of Investment Management Agreement between Registrant and BlackRock Advisors, LLC
(g)(2)   Form of Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(g)(3)   Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(g)(4)   Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(g)(5)   Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(g)(6)   Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(g)(7)   Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(g)(8)   Form of Amendment No. 6 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement
(i)   Form of BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan
(j)   Form of Master Custodian Agreement
(k)(1)   Form of Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
(k)(2)   Form of Administration and Fund Accounting Services Agreement
(k)(3)   Form of Eighth Amended and Restated Securities Lending Agreement
(k)(4)   Form of Organizational and Offering Expenses Agreement between Registrant and BlackRock Advisors, LLC
(r)   Code of Ethics of the Registrant and the Advisor
(s)   Calculation of Filing Fee Table
(t)   Power of Attorney

 

- 8 -

Exhibit (a)(2)

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

DATED AS OF MAY 19, 2022


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

ARTICLE I The Trust

     1  

Section 1.1

 

Name

     1  

Section 1.2

 

Definitions

     1  

Section 1.3

 

Purposes and Powers

     3  

ARTICLE II Trustees

     4  

Section 2.1

 

Number and Qualification

     4  

Section 2.2

 

Term and Election

     4  

Section 2.3

 

Resignation and Removal

     4  

Section 2.4

 

Vacancies

     5  

Section 2.5

 

Meetings

     5  

Section 2.6

 

Trustee Action by Without a Meeting

     6  

Section 2.7

 

Officers

     6  

ARTICLE III Powers and Duties of Trustees

     7  

Section 3.1

 

General

     7  

Section 3.2

 

Investments

     7  

Section 3.3

 

Legal Title

     7  

Section 3.4

 

Issuance and Repurchase of Shares

     8  

Section 3.5

 

Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage

     8  

Section 3.6

 

Delegation; Committees

     8  

Section 3.7

 

Collection and Payment

     8  

Section 3.8

 

Expenses

     8  

Section 3.9

 

Bylaws

     9  

Section 3.10

 

Miscellaneous Powers

     9  

Section 3.11

 

Further Powers

     9  

Section 3.12

 

Duties

     10  

ARTICLE IV Advisory, Management and Distribution Arrangements

     10  

Section 4.1

 

Advisory and Management Arrangements

     10  

Section 4.2

 

Distribution Arrangements

     11  

Section 4.3

 

Parties to Contract

     11  

ARTICLE V Limitations of Liability and Indemnification

     11  

Section 5.1

 

No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc.

     11  


Section 5.2

 

Mandatory Indemnification

     12  

Section 5.3

 

No Bond Required of Trustees

     13  

Section 5.4

 

No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc.

     14  

Section 5.5

 

Trustee’s Good Faith Action, Reliance on Experts, etc.

     14  

ARTICLE VI Shares of Beneficial Interest

     14  

Section 6.1

 

Beneficial Interest.

     14  

Section 6.2

 

Other Securities

     15  

Section 6.3

 

Rights of Shareholders

     15  

Section 6.4

 

Statutory Trust Only

     15  

Section 6.5

 

Issuance of Shares

     16  

Section 6.6

 

Register of Shares

     16  

Section 6.7

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

     16  

Section 6.8

 

Transfer of Shares

     16  

Section 6.9

 

Notices

     17  

Section 6.10

 

Assent to Declaration

     17  

ARTICLE VII Custodians

     17  

Section 7.1

 

Appointment and Duties

     17  

Section 7.2

 

Central Certificate System

     18  

ARTICLE VIII Redemption

     18  

Section 8.1

 

Redemptions

     18  

Section 8.2

 

Disclosure of Holding

     18  

ARTICLE IX Determination of Net Asset Value Net Income and Distributions

     18  

Section 9.1

 

Net Asset Value

     18  

Section 9.2

 

Distributions to Shareholders

     19  

Section 9.3

 

Power to Modify Foregoing Procedures

     19  

ARTICLE X Shareholders

     20  

Section 10.1

 

Meetings of Shareholders

     20  

Section 10.2

 

Voting

     20  

Section 10.3

 

Notice of Meeting and Record Date

     20  

Section 10.4

 

Quorum and Required Vote

     20  

Section 10.5

 

Proxies, etc.

     21  

Section 10.6

 

Reports

     21  

Section 10.7

 

Inspection of Records

     22  

Section 10.8

 

Shareholder Action Without a Meeting

     22  

Section 10.9

 

Shareholder Actions

     22  


ARTICLE XI Limited Term of Existence; Dissolution of Trust; Amendment; Mergers, Etc.

     22  

Section 11.1

 

Limited Term of Existence; Dissolution of Trust

     22  

Section 11.2

 

Termination

     23  

Section 11.3

 

Amendment Procedure

     24  

Section 11.4

 

Merger, Consolidation, Sale of Assets and Conversion

     25  

Section 11.5

 

Subsidiaries

     25  

Section 11.6

 

Conversion to an Open-End Company

     25  

Section 11.7

 

Control Share Acquisitions

     26  

Section 11.8

 

Certain Other Transactions

     26  

ARTICLE XII Miscellaneous

     28  

Section 12.1

 

Filing

     28  

Section 12.2

 

Resident Agent

     28  

Section 12.3

 

Governing Law

     28  

Section 12.4

 

Jurisdiction and Waiver of Jury Trial

     29  

Section 12.5

 

Counterparts

     29  

Section 12.6

 

Reliance by Third Parties

     29  

Section 12.7

 

Declaration and Bylaws; Governing Instrument

     29  

Section 12.8

 

Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation

     30  


BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made as of the 19th day of May, 2022, by the Trustee hereunder, and by the holders of shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder as hereinafter provided.

WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to carry on business as set forth more particularly hereinafter;

WHEREAS, this Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of its shares of beneficial interest all in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;

WHEREAS, the Board of Trustees oversees the management of all property of the Trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;

WHEREAS, the Trust was created by the Certificate of Trust filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on November 16, 2020 and constitutes a statutory trust under the Maryland Statutory Trust Act;

WHEREAS, the Trust is governed by that certain Agreement and Declaration of Trust, dated as of November 16, 2020 (the “Initial Declaration of Trust”); and

WHEREAS, in accordance with Section 11.3 of the Initial Declaration of Trust, the Trustee has subsequently duly adopted resolutions approving the amendment and restatement of the Initial Declaration of Trust, and this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Amended and Restated Bylaws together shall constitute the governing instrument of the Trust within the meaning of the Maryland Statutory Trust Act.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Board of Trustees will direct the management and business of the Trust upon the following terms and conditions of this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

ARTICLE I

The Trust

Section 1.1    Name.

This Trust shall be known as the “BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust” and the Board of Trustees shall oversee the business and affairs of the Trust under that name or any other name or names as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine.

Section 1.2    Definitions.

As used in this Declaration, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

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The “1940 Act” refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and exemptions granted therefrom, as amended from time to time.

The terms “Affiliated Person”, “Assignment”, “Interested Person” and “Principal Underwriter” shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act.

Board of Trustees” shall mean the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Trust as amended from time to time by the Trustees.

Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Commission” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Continuing Trustee” shall mean any Trustee who either (a) has been a Trustee for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Trust’s operations, if less than thirty-six months) or (b) was nominated to serve as a Trustee by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board of Trustees.

Control Share Act” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.7 of this Declaration.

Declaration” shall mean this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, supplemented or amended and restated from time to time.

Disinterested Non-Party Trustees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(b) of this Declaration.

Fundamental Policies” shall mean the investment policies and restrictions as set forth from time to time in any Registration Statement of the Trust filed with the Commission and designated as fundamental policies therein, as they may be amended from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.

independent legal counsel” shall mean an “independent legal counsel” as defined in Reg. §270.0-1(a)(6) promulgated under the 1940 Act, and such counsel shall be (i) selected by a majority of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, (ii) if fewer than 50% of the Independent Trustees are Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, the regular independent counsel to the Independent Trustees, or (iii) if such counsel is not able to act in a capacity contemplated in this Declaration for ethical or other reasons, counsel selected by such regular independent counsel to the Independent Trustees.

Independent Trustees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(b) of this Declaration.

 

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Majority Shareholder Vote” shall mean a vote of “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust with each class and series of Shares voting together as a single class, except to the extent otherwise required by the 1940 Act or this Declaration with respect to any one or more classes or series of Shares, in which case the applicable proportion of such classes or series of Shares voting as a separate class or series, as the case may be, also will be required.

Maryland General Corporation Law” shall mean the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time.

Maryland Statutory Trust Act” shall mean the Maryland Statutory Trust Act, as amended from time to time.

Person” shall mean and include individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations, joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.

Prospectus” shall mean the Prospectus of the Trust, if any, as in effect from time to time under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Shareholders” shall mean as of any particular time the holders of record of outstanding Shares, at such time.

Shares” shall mean the transferable units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares. In addition, Shares also means any preferred shares or preferred units of beneficial interest which may be issued from time to time, as described herein. All references to Shares shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all series or classes as the context may require.

Trust” shall mean the trust established by this Declaration, as amended from time to time, inclusive of each such amendment.

Trust Property” shall mean as of any particular time any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which at such time is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust or the Trustees in such capacity.

Trustees” shall mean the signatories to this Declaration, so long as they shall continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who at the time in question have been duly elected or appointed and have qualified as trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof and are then in office.

Section 1.3    Purposes and Powers.

The purposes for which the Trust is formed are to conduct the business of a closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act, and to engage in any other lawful act or activity for which statutory trusts may be formed under the laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.

 

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The Trust shall have all of the powers granted to statutory trusts by the Maryland Statutory Trust Act and all other powers which are not inconsistent with law and are appropriate to promote and attain the purposes set forth in this Declaration. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, the Trust shall have the general powers set forth in Section 12-201 of the Maryland Statutory Trust Act.

ARTICLE II

Trustees

Section 2.1    Number and Qualification.

Prior to a public offering of Shares there may be a sole Trustee. Thereafter, the number of Trustees shall be determined by a majority of the Trustees, provided that the number of Trustees shall be no less than one or more than fifteen. No reduction in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his term. An individual nominated as a Trustee shall be at least 21 years of age and not older than 80 years of age at the time of nomination and not under legal disability. Trustees need not own Shares and may succeed themselves in office.

Section 2.2    Term and Election.

If there are three or more Trustees, then the Board of Trustees shall be divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of Trustees constituting the entire Board of Trustees. Within the limits above specified, the number of the Trustees in each class shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Trustees. The term of office of the first class shall expire on the date of the first annual meeting of Shareholders following the effective date of the Registration Statement relating to the Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The term of office of the second class shall expire on the date of the second annual meeting of Shareholders following the effective date of the initial Registration Statement relating to the Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The term of office of the third class shall expire on the date of the third annual meeting of Shareholders following the effective date of the initial Registration Statement relating to the Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Upon expiration of the term of office of each class as set forth above, the number of Trustees in such class, as determined by the Board of Trustees, shall be elected for a term expiring on the date of the third annual meeting of Shareholders following such expiration to succeed the Trustees whose terms of office expire. The initial Trustee shall be John M. Perlowski, and thereafter the Trustees shall be elected at an annual meeting of the Shareholders and, except as provided in Section 2.3 of this Article, each Trustee elected shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been elected and shall have qualified. The term of office of a Trustee shall terminate and a vacancy shall occur in the event of the death, resignation, removal, bankruptcy, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity to perform the duties of the office, or removal, of a Trustee.

Section 2.3    Resignation and Removal.

Any of the Trustees may resign from the Board of Trustees (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by such Trustee and delivered or mailed

 

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to the Trustees or the Chair(s), if any, the President or the Secretary and such resignation shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Any of the Trustees may be removed (provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof), with or without cause, (i) by action taken by a majority of the Trustees or (ii) by the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. Upon the resignation or removal of a Trustee, each such resigning or removed Trustee shall execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require for the purpose of conveying to the Trust or the remaining Trustees any Trust Property held in the name of such resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of any Trustee, such Trustee’s legal representative shall execute and deliver on such Trustee’s behalf such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require as provided in the preceding sentence.

Section 2.4    Vacancies.

Subject to the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and except as may be provided by the Board of Trustees in setting the terms of any class or series of Shares, the Board of Trustees shall have the exclusive power to fill vacancies on the Board of Trustees in the manner provided in this Article. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by electing an individual having the qualifications described in this Article and the Bylaws by a majority of the Trustees or may leave such vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees; provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such reduction shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof; provided, further, that if the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares are entitled separately to elect one or more Trustees, a majority of the remaining Trustees or the sole remaining Trustee elected by that class or series may fill any vacancy among the number of Trustees elected by that class or series. If the Shareholders of any class or series are entitled separately to elect one or more Trustees and no Trustee of such class or series remains, a majority of the remaining Trustees (regardless of the class or series of Shareholders entitled to vote for such Trustees) may fill any vacancy. Any vacancy created by an increase in Trustees may be filled by the election of an individual having the qualifications described in this Article and the Bylaws by a majority of the Trustees. No vacancy shall operate to annul this Declaration or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration.

Section 2.5    Meetings.

Meetings of the Board of Trustees shall be held from time to time upon the call of the Chair(s) of the Board of Trustees, if any, or the President or any two Trustees; provided, however, that if there is only one Trustee, then such sole Trustee. Regular meetings of the Board of Trustees may be held without call or notice at a time and place fixed by the Bylaws or by resolution of the Board of Trustees. Notice of any other meeting shall be given by the Secretary and shall be delivered to the Trustees orally not less than twenty-four (24) hours, or in writing not less than seventy-two (72) hours, before the meeting, but may be waived in writing by any Trustee either before or after such meeting. The attendance of a Trustee at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of

 

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notice of such meeting except where a Trustee attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been properly called or convened. Any time there is more than one Trustee, a quorum for all meetings of the Board of Trustees shall be a majority of the Trustees, but not less than two of the Trustees. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration and except as required under the 1940 Act, any action of the Board of Trustees may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent or electronic transmission in accordance with this Article.

Any committee of the Board of Trustees, including an executive committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. Any time there is more than one Trustee on a committee, unless otherwise required by the committee’s charter, a quorum for all meetings of any such committee shall be a majority of the Trustees serving on such committee, but not less than two of the members thereof. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration, any action of any such committee may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the members present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent or electronic transmission in accordance with this Article.

With respect to actions of the Board of Trustees and any committee of the Board of Trustees, Trustees who are Interested Persons in any action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes under this Section and shall be entitled to vote to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.

All or any one or more Trustees may participate in a meeting of the Board of Trustees or any committee thereof by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other; participation in a meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 2.6    Trustee Action by Without a Meeting.

Any action which may be taken by the Board of Trustees by vote may be taken without a meeting if that number of the Trustees, or members of a committee, as the case may be, required for approval of such action at a meeting of the Board of Trustees or of such committee consent to the action in writing or by electronic transmission and such consent is filed with the records of the meetings of the Board of Trustees; provided however, this Section 2.6 does not apply to any action of the Board of Trustees pursuant to the 1940 Act that requires the vote of the Trustees to be cast in person at a meeting. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Section 2.7    Officers.

The Board of Trustees shall elect a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer and may elect one or more Chairs and/or a Vice Chair who shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees or until their successors are elected. The Board of Trustees may elect or appoint or may authorize the Chair(s), if any, or President to appoint such other officers or agents with such powers as the Trustees may deem to be advisable. Any Chair or Vice Chair shall, and the President, Secretary and Treasurer may, but need not, be a Trustee.

 

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ARTICLE III

Powers and Duties of Trustees

Section 3.1    General.

The Board of Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control over the Trust Property and over the business of the Trust to the same extent as if the Trustees were the sole owners of the Trust Property and business in their own right, but with such powers of delegation as may be permitted by this Declaration. The Board of Trustees may perform such acts as in its sole discretion are proper for conducting the business of the Trust. The Board of Trustees has the power to construe and interpret this Declaration and to act upon any such construction or interpretation. Any construction or interpretation of this Declaration by the Board of Trustees and any action taken pursuant thereto and any determination as to what is in the best interests of the Trust made by the Board of Trustees shall, in each case, be conclusive and binding on all Shareholders and all other Persons for all purposes. The enumeration of any specific power herein shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid power. Such powers of the Board of Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any court.

Section 3.2    Investments.

The Board of Trustees shall have power, subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the Trust to:

(a)    manage, conduct, operate and carry on the business of an investment company; and

(b)    subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute or otherwise deal in or dispose of any and all sorts of property, tangible or intangible, including but not limited to securities of any type whatsoever, whether equity or non-equity, of any issuer, evidences of indebtedness of any person and any other rights, interests, instruments or property of any sort and to exercise any and all rights, powers and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers and privileges in respect of any of said investments. The Trustees shall not be limited by any law limiting the investments which may be made by fiduciaries.

Section 3.3    Legal Title.

Legal title to all of the Trust Property shall at all times be vested in the Trust as a separate legal entity, except that the Board of Trustees shall have the power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, custodian or pledgee, on such terms as the Trustees may determine, provided that the interest of the Trust therein is appropriately protected.

In the event that title to any part of the Trust Property is vested in one or more Trustees, the right, title and interest of the Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each person who may hereafter become a Trustee upon his due election and qualification. Upon the

 

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ceasing of any person to be a Trustee for any reason, such person shall automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered.

Section 3.4    Issuance and Repurchase of Shares.

The Board of Trustees shall have the power to issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose of, transfer, and otherwise deal in, Shares, including Shares in fractional denominations.

Section 3.5    Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage.

Subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the Trust, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to borrow money or otherwise obtain credit or utilize leverage to the maximum extent permitted by law or regulation as such may be needed from time to time and to secure the same by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the assets of the Trust, including the lending of portfolio securities, and to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of any obligation, contract or engagement of any other person, firm, association or corporation.

Section 3.6    Delegation; Committees.

The Board of Trustees shall have the power to delegate from time to time to such of their number or to officers, employees or agents of the Trust the doing of such things, including any matters set forth in this Declaration, and the execution of such instruments either in the name of the Trust or otherwise as the Board of Trustees may deem expedient. The Board of Trustees may designate one or more committees which shall have all or such lesser portion of the authority of the entire Board of Trustees as the Board of Trustees shall determine from time to time except to the extent action by the entire Board of Trustees or particular Trustees is required by the 1940 Act.

Section 3.7    Collection and Payment.

The Board of Trustees shall have power to collect all property due to the Trust; to pay all claims, including taxes, against the Trust Property or the Trust, the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to prosecute, defend, compromise or abandon any claims relating to the Trust Property or the Trust, or the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to foreclose any security interest securing any obligations, by virtue of which any property is owed to the Trust; and to enter into releases, agreements and other instruments.

Section 3.8    Expenses.

The Board of Trustees shall have power to incur and pay out of the assets or income of the Trust any expenses which in the opinion of the Board of Trustees are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the purposes of this Declaration, and the business of the Trust, and to pay reasonable compensation from the funds of the Trust to the Trustees. The Board of Trustees shall fix the compensation of all officers, employees and Trustees. The Trustees may receive

 

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compensation for special services, including legal, underwriting, syndicating and brokerage services, as the Board of Trustees may deem reasonable and may be reimbursed for expenses reasonably incurred on behalf of the Trust as the Board of Trustees may deem reasonable. The Board of Trustees shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of distribution, of the custodian or transfer, Shareholder servicing or similar agent, a pro rata amount as defined from time to time by the Board of Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder.

Section 3.9    Bylaws.

The Board of Trustees shall have the exclusive authority to adopt and from time to time amend or repeal Bylaws for the conduct of the business of the Trust.

Section 3.10    Miscellaneous Powers.

The Board of Trustees shall have the power to: (a) employ or contract with such Persons as the Board of Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the Trust; (b) enter into joint ventures, partnerships and any other combinations or associations; (c) purchase, and pay for out of Trust Property, insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, investment advisors, distributors, selected dealers or independent contractors of the Trust against all claims arising by reason of holding any such position or by reason of any action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity, whether or not constituting negligence, or whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability; (d) establish pension, profit-sharing, share purchase, and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans for any Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust; (e) make donations, irrespective of benefit to the Trust, for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, civic or similar purposes; (f) to the extent permitted by law, indemnify any Person with whom the Trust has dealings, including without limitation any advisor, administrator, manager, transfer agent, custodian, distributor or selected dealer, or any other person as the Board of Trustees may see fit to such extent as the Board of Trustees shall determine; (g) guarantee indebtedness or contractual obligations of others; (h) determine and change the fiscal year of the Trust and the method in which its accounts shall be kept; (i) notwithstanding the Fundamental Policies of the Trust, convert the Trust to a master-feeder structure; provided, however, the Trust obtains the approval of a majority of the Shares represented in person or by proxy at any meeting of Shareholders at which a quorum is present and entitled to vote on such matter; and (j) adopt a seal for the Trust but the absence of such seal shall not impair the validity of any instrument executed on behalf of the Trust.

Section 3.11    Further Powers.

The Board of Trustees shall have the power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations in any and all of its branches and maintain offices both within and without the State of Maryland, in any and all states of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, and in any and all commonwealths, territories, dependencies, colonies, possessions, agencies or instrumentalities of the United States of America and of foreign governments, and to do all such

 

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other things and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Board of Trustees shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees will not be required to obtain any court order to deal with the Trust Property.

Section 3.12    Duties. Each Trustee shall perform his, her or its duties as a Trustee, including his, her or its duties as a member of any committee on which such Trustee serves, in good faith. A Trustee shall not have any duties, including fiduciary duties under the common law of trusts, or be subject to any duties or other standard of conduct, other than as set forth in the preceding sentence. The appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee as a Chair of the Board of Trustees, a member or chair of a committee of the Board of Trustees, an expert on any topic or in any area (including an audit committee financial expert), or the lead independent Trustee, or any other special appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee, shall not impose on that person any standard of care or liability that is greater than that imposed on that person as a Trustee in the absence of the appointment, designation or identification, and no Trustee who has special skills or expertise, or is appointed, designated or identified as aforesaid, shall be held to a higher standard of care by virtue thereof. Any action or failure to act by a Trustee shall be presumed to be in accordance with the duties described in this Section 3.12 and any person alleging the contrary shall bear the burden of proof that the action or failure to act was not consistent with such duties. This provision establishes the standard of performance required of a Trustee is performing his, her or its duties as a Trustee as permitted by Section 12-402(c) of the Maryland Statutory Trust Act, and to the extent that this provision limits, restricts or eliminates the duties of the Trustees otherwise existing at law or in equity, including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 12-402(b) of the Maryland Statutory Trust Act, this provision shall replace such other duties.

ARTICLE IV

Advisory, Management and Distribution Arrangements

Section 4.1    Advisory and Management Arrangements.

Subject to the requirements of applicable law as in effect from time to time, the Board of Trustees may in its discretion from time to time authorize the Trust to enter into advisory, administration or management contracts (including, in each case, one or more sub-advisory, sub-administration or sub-management contracts) whereby the other party to any such contract shall undertake to furnish such advisory, administrative and management services with respect to the Trust as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time consider desirable and all upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Trustees may in its discretion determine. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Declaration, the Board of Trustees may authorize any advisor, administrator or manager (subject to such general or specific instructions as the Trustees may from time to time adopt) to exercise any of the powers of the Board of Trustees, including to effect investment transactions with respect to the assets on behalf of the Trust to the full extent of the power of the Board of Trustees to effect such transactions or may authorize any officer, employee or Trustee to effect such transactions pursuant to recommendations of any such advisor, administrator or manager (and all without further action by the Trustees). Any such investment transaction shall be deemed to have been authorized by the entire Board of Trustees.

 

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Section 4.2    Distribution Arrangements.

Subject to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Board of Trustees may authorize the Trust to retain underwriters and/or placement agents to sell Shares and other securities of the Trust. The Board of Trustees may in its discretion from time to time authorize the Trust to enter into one or more contracts, providing for the sale of securities of the Trust, whereby the Trust may either agree to sell such securities to the other party to the contract or appoint such other party its sales agent for such securities. In either case, the contract shall be on such terms and conditions as the Board of Trustees may in its discretion determine not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the Bylaws; and such contract may also provide for the repurchase or sale of securities of the Trust by such other party as principal or as agent of the Trust and may provide that such other party may enter into selected dealer agreements with registered securities dealers and brokers and servicing and similar agreements with persons who are not registered securities dealers to further the purposes of the distribution or repurchase of the securities of the Trust.

Section 4.3    Parties to Contract.

Any contract of the character described in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 of this Article IV or in Article VII hereof may be entered into with any Person, although one or more of the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor shall any Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly therefrom, provided that the contract when entered into was reasonable and fair and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the Bylaws. The same Person may be the other party to contracts entered into pursuant to Sections 4.1 and 4.2 above or Article VII, and any individual may be financially interested or otherwise affiliated with Persons who are parties to any or all of the contracts mentioned in this Section 4.3.

ARTICLE V

Limitations of Liability and Indemnification

Section 5.1    No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc.

No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders of a corporation incorporated under the Maryland General Corporation Law. To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of trustees and officers of a Maryland statutory trust, (i) no Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person, save only liability to the Trust or its Shareholders arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for his duty to such Person; and, subject to the foregoing exception, all such

 

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Persons shall look solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust and (ii) if any Shareholder, Trustee or officer, as such, of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or proceeding to enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception, such Shareholder, Trustee or officer shall not, on account thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or modification of this Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

Section 5.2    Mandatory Indemnification.

(a)    The Trust hereby agrees to indemnify each person who at any time serves or has served as a Trustee or officer of the Trust (each such person being an “indemnitee”) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and reasonable counsel fees reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which such indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth in this Article V by reason of such indemnitee having acted in any such capacity, provided, however, that no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence, or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as “disabling conduct”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such indemnitee (1) was authorized by a majority of the Trustees or (2) was instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her rights to indemnification hereunder in a case in which the indemnitee is found to be entitled to such indemnification. The rights to indemnification set forth in this Declaration shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Trustee or officer of the Trust and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. No amendment or restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate any of the benefits provided to any person who at any time is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust or otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior to such amendment, restatement or repeal.

(b)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, no indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a determination (i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or, (ii) in the absence of such a decision, by (1) a majority vote of a quorum of those Trustees who are neither ‘‘interested persons’’ of the Trust (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) (“Independent Trustees”) nor parties to the proceeding (“Disinterested Non-Party Trustees”), that the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or (2) if such quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if such majority so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion concludes that the indemnitee should be entitled to indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and made in accordance with the immediately succeeding paragraph (c) below.

 

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(c)    The Trust shall make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written affirmation by the indemnitee of the indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standards of conduct necessary for indemnification have been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently determined that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if a majority of the Trustees determine that the applicable standards of conduct necessary for indemnification appear to have been met. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (i) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for his undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or if a majority vote of such quorum so direct or in the absence of any Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall conclude, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is substantial reason to believe that the indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

(d)    The rights accruing to any indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the Bylaws of the Trust, any statute, agreement, vote of Shareholders or Trustees who are “disinterested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) or any other right to which he or she may be lawfully entitled.

(e)    Subject to any limitations provided by the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the Trust shall have the power and authority to indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to employees, agents and other Persons providing services to the Trust or serving in any capacity at the request of the Trust to the full extent corporations organized under the Maryland General Corporation Law may indemnify or provide for the advance payment of expenses for such Persons, provided that such indemnification has been approved by the Board of Trustees.

(f)    The Board of Trustees may maintain insurance for the protection of the Trust Property, Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such amount as the Board of Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible tort liability, and such other insurance as the Board of Trustees in its sole judgment shall deem advisable or is required by the 1940 Act.

(g)    In the event of payment by the Trust to an indemnitee, the Trust shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the indemnitee, who shall execute such documents and do such acts as the Trust may reasonably request to secure such rights and to enable the Trust effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.

Section 5.3    No Bond Required of Trustees.

No Trustee shall, as such, be obligated to give any bond or other security for the performance of any of such Trustees duties hereunder.

 

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Section 5.4    No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc.

No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be made by the Board of Trustees or by said officer, employee or agent or be liable for the application of money or property paid, loaned, or delivered to or on the order of the Board of Trustees or of said officer, employee or agent. Every obligation, contract, undertaking, instrument, certificate, Share, other security of the Trust, and every other act or thing whatsoever executed in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively taken to have been executed or done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees under this Declaration or in their capacity as officers, employees or agents of the Trust.

Section 5.5    Trustees Good Faith Action, Reliance on Experts, etc.

The exercise in good faith by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. The Trustees may rely in good faith upon advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration and their duties as Trustees hereunder, and, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice; provided further that, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, the Trustees shall be under no liability for failing to follow such advice. To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, a Trustee shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Trust and upon information, opinions, reports or statements presented by another Trustee or any officer, employee or other agent of the Trust, or by any other Person as to matters the Trustee believes in good faith are within such other Person’s professional or expert competence, including information, opinions, reports or statements as to the value and amount of the assets, liabilities, profits or losses of the Trust or any series or class, or the value and amount of assets or reserves or contracts, agreements or other undertakings that would be sufficient to pay claims and obligations of the Trust or any series or class or to make reasonable provision to pay such claims and obligations, or any other facts pertinent to the existence and amount of assets from which distributions to Shareholders or creditors of the Trust might properly be paid.

ARTICLE VI

Shares of Beneficial Interest

Section 6.1    Beneficial Interest.

The beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided into Shares, par value $.001 per Share (or such other amount as the Board of Trustees shall determine, including no par value), all of which are initially designated as common shares of beneficial interest. The number of Shares of the Trust and each series and class authorized hereunder is unlimited. All references to Shares in this Declaration shall be deemed to be Shares of the Trust and of any or all series or classes, as the context may require. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each class and series of Shares, except as the context otherwise requires. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration, including Section 3.8 hereof, all Shares issued hereunder, including Shares issued in connection with a dividend in Shares or a split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully

 

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paid and non-assessable. Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Trustees, Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust. Holders of Shares shall not be entitled to any appraisal rights or similar rights of objecting Shareholders.

Section 6.2    Other Securities.

The Board of Trustees may, subject to the Fundamental Policies and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Trust to issue such other securities of the Trust as they determine to be necessary, desirable or appropriate, having such terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each series or class as the Board of Trustees see fit, including preferred interests, debt securities or other senior securities. The Board of Trustees may classify and reclassify any unissued Shares of any series or class from time to time, in one or more series or classes of Shares. To the extent that the Board of Trustees authorizes and causes the Trust to issue preferred shares of any class or series, they are hereby authorized and empowered to amend or supplement this Declaration as they deem necessary or appropriate, including to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act or requirements imposed by the rating agencies or other Persons, all without the approval of Shareholders. Any such supplement or amendment shall be filed as is necessary. The Board of Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such persons as they see fit to offer and sell such securities.

Section 6.3    Rights of Shareholders.

The Shares shall be personal property giving only the rights in this Declaration specifically set forth. The ownership of the Trust Property of every description and the right to conduct any business herein before described are vested exclusively in the Trust (except as otherwise determined by the Board of Trustees), and the Shareholders shall have no interest therein other than the beneficial interest conferred by their Shares, and they shall have no right to call for any partition or division of any property, profits, rights or interests of the Trust nor can they be called upon to share or assume any losses of the Trust or, subject to the right of the Board of Trustees to charge certain expenses directly to Shareholders, as provided in the last sentence of Section 3.8, suffer an assessment of any kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. The Shares shall not entitle the holder to preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion or exchange rights (except as specified in this Section 6.3, in Section 11.4 or as specified by the Trustees when creating the Shares, as in preferred shares).

Section 6.4    Statutory Trust Only.

It is the intention of the Trustees to create only the relationship of a trust and an owner of shares of beneficial interest of a Maryland statutory trust (subject to the terms of this Declaration) between the Trust and each Shareholder from time to time. It is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation, bailment or any form of legal relationship other than a statutory trust (but nothing herein shall preclude the Trust from being treated for tax purposes as an association under the Code). Nothing in this Declaration shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.

 

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Section 6.5    Issuance of Shares.

The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Shares, and upon the establishment of any series or class as provided herein, the Trust shall be authorized to issue an unlimited number of Shares of each such series and class, unless otherwise determined, and subject to any conditions set forth, by the Board of Trustees, in addition to the then issued and outstanding Shares, to such party or parties and for such amount and type of consideration, including cash or property, at such time or times, and on such terms as the Board of Trustees may determine, and may in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and in connection with the assumption of, liabilities) and businesses. The Board of Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares. Issuances and redemptions of Shares may be made in whole Shares and/or l/l,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof as the Trustees may determine.

Section 6.6    Register of Shares.

A register shall be kept at the offices of the Trust or any transfer agent duly appointed by the Board of Trustees under the direction of the Board of Trustees which shall contain the names and addresses of the Shareholders and the number of Shares held by them respectively and a record of all transfers thereof. Separate registers shall be established and maintained for each class or series of Shares. Each such register shall be conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares of the applicable class or series of Shares and who shall be entitled to receive dividends or distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of Shareholders. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution, nor to have notice given to such Shareholder as herein provided, until such Shareholder has given his, her or its address to a transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Trust as shall keep the register for entry thereon. It is not contemplated that certificates will be issued for the Shares; however, the Board of Trustees, in its discretion, may authorize the issuance of share certificates and promulgate appropriate fees therefor and rules and regulations as to their use.

Section 6.7    Transfer Agent and Registrar.

The Board of Trustees shall have power to employ a transfer agent or transfer agents, and a registrar or registrars, with respect to the Shares. The transfer agent or transfer agents may keep the applicable register and record therein, the original issues and transfers, if any, of the said Shares. Any such transfer agents and/or registrars shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer agents and registrars of certificates of stock in a corporation, as modified by the Trustees.

Section 6.8    Transfer of Shares.

Shares shall be transferable on the records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by its agent thereto duly authorized in writing, upon delivery to the Board of Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of other matters (including compliance with any securities laws and contractual restrictions) as may reasonably be required. Upon such delivery the transfer shall be recorded on the applicable register of the Trust. Until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereof and neither the Trustees nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of the proposed transfer.

 

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Any person becoming entitled to any Shares in consequence of the death, bankruptcy, or incompetence of any Shareholder, or otherwise by operation of law, shall be recorded on the applicable register of Shares as the holder of such Shares upon production of the proper evidence thereof to the Board of Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust, but until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such for all purposes hereof, and neither the Board of Trustees nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of such death, bankruptcy or incompetence, or other operation of law.

Section 6.9    Notices.

Any and all notices to which any Shareholder hereunder may be entitled and any and all communications shall be deemed duly served or given if mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to any Shareholder of record at his last known address as recorded on the applicable register of the Trust.

Section 6.10    Assent to Declaration.

Every Shareholder, by virtue of having purchased or otherwise acquired a Share shall become a Shareholder and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to be bound by the terms of this Declaration, the Bylaws and Certificate of Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not make any Shareholder a third-party beneficiary of any contract entered into by the Trust or any series.

ARTICLE VII

Custodians

Section 7.1    Appointment and Duties.

The Board of Trustees shall at all times employ a custodian or custodians, meeting the qualifications for custodians for portfolio securities of investment companies contained in the 1940 Act, as custodian with respect to the assets of the Trust. Any custodian shall have authority as agent of the Trust as determined by the custodian agreement or agreements, but subject to such restrictions, limitations and other requirements, if any, as may be contained in the Bylaws of the Trust and the 1940 Act, including without limitation authority:

(1) to hold the securities owned by the Trust and deliver the same upon written order;

(2) to receive any receipt for any monies due to the Trust and deposit the same in its own banking department (if a bank) or elsewhere as the Board of Trustees may direct;

(3) to disburse such funds upon orders or vouchers;

(4) if authorized by the Board of Trustees, to keep the books and accounts of the Trust and furnish clerical and accounting services; and

 

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(5) if authorized to do so by the Board of Trustees, to compute the net income or net asset value of the Trust;

all upon such basis of compensation as may be agreed upon between the Trust and the custodian.

The Board of Trustees may also authorize each custodian to employ one or more sub-custodians from time to time to perform such of the acts and services of the custodian and upon such terms and conditions, as may be agreed upon between the custodian and such sub-custodian and approved by the Board of Trustees, provided that in every case such sub-custodian shall meet the qualifications for custodians contained in the 1940 Act.

Section 7.2    Central Certificate System.

Subject to such rules, regulations and orders as the Commission may adopt, the Board of Trustees may direct the custodian to deposit all or any part of the securities owned by the Trust in a system for the central handling of securities established by a national securities exchange or a national securities association registered with the Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or such other Person as may be permitted by the Commission, or otherwise in accordance with the 1940 Act, pursuant to which system all securities of any particular class of any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of such securities, provided that all such deposits shall be subject to withdrawal only upon the order of the Trust.

ARTICLE VIII

Redemption

Section 8.1    Redemptions.

The Shares of the Trust are not redeemable by the holders.

Section 8.2    Disclosure of Holding.

The holders of Shares or other securities of the Trust shall upon demand disclose to the Board of Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares or other securities of the Trust as the Board of Trustees deems necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code, the 1940 Act or other applicable laws or regulations, or to comply with the requirements of any other taxing or regulatory authority.

ARTICLE IX

Determination of Net Asset Value

Net Income and Distributions

Section 9.1    Net Asset Value.

The net asset value of each outstanding Share of the Trust shall be determined at such time or times on such days as the Board of Trustees may determine, in accordance with the 1940 Act. The method of determination of net asset value shall be determined by the Board of Trustees and shall be as set forth in the Prospectus or as may otherwise be determined by the Board of Trustees.

 

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The power and duty to make the net asset value calculations may be delegated by the Board of Trustees and shall be as generally set forth in the Prospectus or as may otherwise be determined by the Board of Trustees.

Section 9.2    Distributions to Shareholders

(a)    The Board of Trustees shall from time to time authorize the Trust to, and the Trust shall, distribute ratably among the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares in accordance with the number of outstanding full and fractional Shares of such class or series as the Board of Trustees may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in accordance with this Declaration. Any such distribution may be made in cash or property (including without limitation any type of obligations of the Trust or any assets thereof) or Shares of any class or series or any combination thereof, and the Board of Trustees may authorize the Trust and the Trust may distribute ratably among the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares, in accordance with the number of outstanding full and fractional Shares of such class or series, additional Shares of any class or series in such manner, at such times, and on such terms as the Board of Trustees may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in accordance with this Declaration.

(b)    Distributions pursuant to this Section 9.2 may be among the Shareholders of record of the applicable class or series of Shares at the time of declaring a distribution or among the Shareholders of record at such later date as the Trustees shall determine and specify.

(c)    The Board of Trustees may always retain such amount as Board of Trustees may deem necessary to pay the debts or expenses of the Trust or to meet obligations of the Trust, or as Board of Trustees otherwise may deem desirable to use in the conduct of its affairs or to retain for future requirements or extensions of the business.

(d)    Inasmuch as the computation of net income and gains for Federal income tax purposes may vary from the computation thereof on the books, the above provisions shall be interpreted to give the Board of Trustees the power in their discretion to distribute for any fiscal year as ordinary dividends and as capital gains distributions, respectively, additional amounts sufficient to enable the Trust to avoid or reduce liability for taxes.

Section 9.3    Power to Modify Foregoing Procedures.

Notwithstanding any of the foregoing provisions of this Article IX, the Board of Trustees may prescribe, in its absolute discretion except as may be required by the 1940 Act, such other bases and times for determining the per share asset value of the Trust’s Shares or net income, or the declaration and payment of dividends and distributions as the Board of Trustees may deem necessary or desirable for any reason, including to enable the Trust to comply with any provision of the 1940 Act, or any securities exchange or association registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any order of exemption issued by the Commission, all as in effect now or hereafter amended or modified.

 

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ARTICLE X

Shareholders

Section 10.1    Meetings of Shareholders.

The Trust shall hold annual meetings of the Shareholders (provided that the Trust’s initial annual meeting of Shareholders may occur up to one year after the completion of its initial fiscal year). A special meeting of Shareholders may be called at any time by a majority of the Trustees or the President and shall be called by the Secretary for any proper purpose upon the written request of Shareholders of the Trust holding in the aggregate not less than fifty-one percent (51%) of the outstanding Shares of the Trust or class or series of Shares having voting rights on the matter, such request specifying the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is to be called. Any Shareholder meeting, including a special meeting, shall be held within or without the State of Maryland on such day and at such time and place and in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall designate.

Section 10.2    Voting.

Shareholders shall have no power to vote on any matter except matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by applicable law, this Declaration or resolution of the Board of Trustees. This Declaration expressly provides that no matter for which voting is required by the Maryland Statutory Trust Act in the absence of the contrary provision in this Declaration shall require any vote. Except as otherwise provided herein, any matter required to be submitted to Shareholders and affecting one or more classes or series of Shares shall require approval by the required vote of all the affected classes and series of Shares voting together as a single class; provided, however, that as to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any class or series of Shares is required by the 1940 Act, such requirement as to a separate vote by that class or series of Shares shall apply in addition to a vote of all the affected classes and series voting together as a single class. Shareholders of a particular class or series of Shares shall not be entitled to vote on any matter that affects only one or more other classes or series of Shares. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election or removal of Trustees.

Section 10.3    Notice of Meeting and Record Date.

Notice of all meetings of Shareholders shall be given in accordance with the provisions of the Bylaws. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned one or more times without further notice not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the record date. For the purposes of determining the Shareholders who are entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting, the Board of Trustees may, without closing the transfer books, fix a date not more than ninety (90) nor less than ten (10) days prior to the date of such meeting of Shareholders as a record date for the determination of the Persons to be treated as Shareholders of record for such purposes.

Section 10.4    Quorum and Required Vote.

(a)    The holders of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on any matter at a meeting present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at such meeting of the Shareholders for purposes of conducting business on such matter. The absence from any meeting, in person or by proxy, of a quorum of Shareholders for action upon any given matter shall not prevent action at such meeting upon any other matter or matters which may properly come before the meeting, if there shall be present thereat, in person or by proxy, a quorum of Shareholders in respect of such other matters.

 

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(b)    Subject to any provision of applicable law, this Declaration, the Bylaws or a resolution of the Board of Trustees specifying a greater or a lesser vote requirement for the transaction of any item of business at any meeting of Shareholders, (i) the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the Shareholders with respect to such matter, and (ii) where a separate vote of one or more classes or series of Shares is required on any matter, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares of such class or series of Shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall be the act of the Shareholders of such class or series with respect to such matter.

Section 10.5    Proxies, etc.

At any meeting of Shareholders, any holder of Shares entitled to vote thereat may vote by properly executed proxy, provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it shall have been placed on file with the Secretary, or with such other officer or agent of the Trust as the Board of Trustees or Secretary may direct, for verification prior to the time at which such vote shall be taken. Pursuant to a resolution of a majority of the Trustees, proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or one or more of the officers or employees of the Trust. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Only Shareholders of record shall be entitled to vote. Each full Share shall be entitled to one vote and fractional Shares shall be entitled to a vote of such fraction. When any Share is held jointly by several persons, any one of them may vote at any meeting in person or by proxy in respect of such Share, but if more than one of them shall be present at such meeting in person or by proxy, and such joint owners or their proxies so present disagree as to any vote to be cast, such vote shall not be received in respect of such Share. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. If the holder of any such Share is a minor or a person of unsound mind, and subject to guardianship or to the legal control of any other person as regards the charge or management of such Share, he may vote by his guardian or such other person appointed or having such control, and such vote may be given in person or by proxy.

Section 10.6    Reports.

The Board of Trustees shall cause to be prepared at least annually and more frequently to the extent and in the form required by law, regulation or any exchange on which the Shares are listed a report of operations containing a balance sheet and statement of income and undistributed income of the Trust prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and an opinion of an independent public accountant on such financial statements. Copies of such reports shall be mailed to all Shareholders of record within the time required by the 1940 Act, and in any event within a reasonable period preceding the meeting of Shareholders. The Board of Trustees shall, in addition, furnish to the Shareholders at least semi-annually to the extent required by law, interim reports containing an unaudited balance sheet of the Trust as of the end of such period and an unaudited statement of income and surplus for the period from the beginning of the current fiscal year to the end of such period.

 

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Section 10.7    Inspection of Records.

No Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account, book or document of the Trust that is not publicly available, except as conferred by the Board of Trustees. The books and records of the Trust may be kept at such place or places and in such form (including electronic form) as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine, except as otherwise required by law.

Section 10.8    Shareholder Action Without a Meeting.

Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of Shareholders may be taken without a meeting by consent in any manner and by any vote permitted by the Bylaws.

Section 10.9    Shareholder Actions.

No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. A Shareholder or Shareholders seeking to bring a derivative action must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action and such demand shall not be excused to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. The Board of Trustees shall be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim; and the Board of Trustees or a committee thereof shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determines not to bring such action. The Shareholders shall have no power to vote as to whether or not a court action, legal proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the Shareholders.

ARTICLE XI

Limited Term of Existence; Dissolution of Trust;

Amendment; Mergers, Etc.

Section 11.1    Limited Term of Existence; Dissolution of Trust.

(a)    The Trust created hereby shall have a limited period of existence and shall cease to exist at the close of business on September 30, 2037, except that the Trust shall continue to exist for the purpose of paying, satisfying and discharging any existing debts or obligations, collecting and distributing its assets, and doing all other acts required to liquidate and wind up its business and affairs. After the close of business on September 30, 2037, if the Trust has not liquidated and wound up its business and affairs, the Board of Trustees shall proceed to wind up the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Board of Trustees under this Declaration shall continue until the affairs of the Trust shall have been wound up, including the power to fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust Property to one or more Persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part in cash, securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and do all other acts appropriate to liquidate the Trust and wind up its affairs.

 

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(b)    After paying, satisfying or discharging, or adequately providing for the payment, satisfaction and discharge, of existing debts and obligations of the Trust, including reasonable expenses of liquidation, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements, as they deem necessary for their protection, the Board of Trustees may distribute the remaining Trust Property, in cash or in kind or partly each, among the Shareholders according to their respective rights.

(c)    After the dissolution and winding up of the Trust and distribution to the Shareholders as herein provided, any Trustee or an authorized officer of the Trust shall execute and lodge among the records of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth the fact of such dissolution, winding up and distribution and any Trustee may execute and file a certificate of cancellation in accordance with the Maryland Statutory Trust Act. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees shall thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder, and the rights and interests of all Shareholders shall thereupon cease.

(d)    The Board of Trustees may, to the extent they deem appropriate, adopt a plan of liquidation at any time during the twenty-four (24) months preceding September 30, 2037, which plan of liquidation may set forth the terms and conditions for implementing the dissolution and winding up of the Trust under this Article XI. Shareholders of the Trust shall not be entitled to vote on or consent to the adoption of any such plan or the dissolution of the Trust under this Article XI except as expressly provided herein.

Section 11.2    Termination.

(a)    Prior to September 30, 2037, the Trust may be dissolved only upon approval of not less than eighty percent (80%) of the Trustees. Upon the dissolution of the Trust:

(i)    The Trust shall carry on no business except for the purpose of winding up its affairs.

(ii)    The Board of Trustees shall proceed to wind up the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Board of Trustees under this Declaration shall continue until the affairs of the Trust shall have been wound up, including the power to fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust Property to one or more Persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part in cash, securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and do all other acts appropriate to liquidate the Trust and wind up its affairs; provided that any sale, conveyance, assignment, exchange, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all the Trust Property of the Trust shall require approval of the principal terms of the transaction and the nature and amount of the consideration by Shareholders with the same vote as required to open-end the Trust.

(iii)    After paying, satisfying or discharging, or adequately providing for the payment, satisfaction and discharge, of existing debts and obligations of the Trust, including reasonable expenses of liquidation, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements, as they deem necessary for their protection, the Board of Trustees may distribute the remaining Trust Property, in cash or in kind or partly each, among the Shareholders according to their respective rights.

 

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(b)    After the dissolution and winding up of the Trust and distribution to the Shareholders as herein provided, any Trustee or an authorized officer of the Trust shall execute and lodge among the records of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth the fact of such dissolution, winding up and distribution and any Trustee may execute and file a certificate of cancellation in accordance with the Maryland Statutory Trust Act. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees shall thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder, and the rights and interests of all Shareholders shall thereupon cease.

Section 11.3    Amendment Procedure.

(a)    Except as otherwise specifically set forth herein or in the terms of any series or class of Shares, a majority of the Trustees, with the vote of a majority of the Continuing Trustees, may amend, amend and restate, or supplement, the Declaration in any respect from time to time, without any action by the Shareholders. The Board of Trustees also may amend this Declaration without any vote of Shareholders of any class or series to divide the Shares of the Trust into one or more classes or additional classes, or one or more series or additional series, to determine the rights, powers, preferences, limitations and restrictions of any class or series of Shares, to change the name of the Trust or any class or series of Shares, to make any change that does not adversely affect the relative rights or preferences of any Shareholder, as they may deem necessary, or to conform this Declaration to the requirements of the 1940 Act or any other applicable federal laws or regulations including pursuant to Section 6.2 or the requirements of the regulated investment company provisions of the Code, but the Trustees shall not be liable for failing to do so.

(b)    The holders of Shares shall be entitled to vote on amendments to the Declaration only to the extent provided in this Section 11.3(b) as follows:

(i)    any amendment set forth in Section 11.3(c) (by the vote determined as provided therein); and

(ii)    any other amendment submitted to them for their consideration by the Board of Trustees.

(c)    No amendment may be made to Section 2.1, Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 3.9, Section 5.1, Section 5.2, Section 11.1(a), this Section 11.3, Section 11.4, Section 11.6 or Section 11.8 of this Declaration and no amendment may be made to this Declaration which would change any rights with respect to any Shares of the Trust by reducing the amount payable thereon upon liquidation of the Trust or by diminishing or eliminating any voting rights pertaining thereto (except that this provision shall not limit the ability of the Board of Trustees to authorize, and to cause the Trust to issue, other securities pursuant to Section 6.2), except after a majority of the Trustees have approved a resolution therefor, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares of each affected class or series outstanding, voting as separate classes or series, unless such amendment has been approved by eighty percent (80%) of the Trustees, in which case approval by a Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required. Nothing

 

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contained in this Declaration shall permit the amendment of this Declaration to impair the exemption from personal liability of the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust or to permit assessments upon Shareholders.

(d)    An amendment duly adopted by the requisite vote of the Board of Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as aforesaid, shall become effective at the time of such adoption or at such other time as may be designated by the Board of Trustees or Shareholders, as the case may be. A certification signed by any Trustee or an authorized officer of the Trust setting forth an amendment and reciting that it was duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as aforesaid, or a copy of this Declaration, as amended, shall be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the records of the Trust or at such other time designated by the Trustees.

Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, until such time as a Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the first public offering of Shares of the Trust shall have become effective, this Declaration may be terminated or amended in any respect by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees or by an instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees.

Section 11.4    Merger, Consolidation, Sale of Assets and Conversion.

Except as provided in Section 11.8, the Trust may merge or consolidate with any other corporation, association, trust or other organization, convert into another form of entity or may sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of the Trust Property or the property, including its good will, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized by two-thirds of the Trustees and approved by a Majority Shareholder Vote and any such merger, conversion, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange shall be determined for all purposes to have been accomplished under and pursuant to the Maryland Statutory Trust Act.

Section 11.5    Subsidiaries.

Without approval by Shareholders, the Board of Trustees may cause to be organized or assist in organizing one or more corporations, trusts, partnerships, associations or other organizations to take over any or all of the Trust Property or to carry on any business in which the Trust shall directly or indirectly have any interest, and to sell, convey and transfer all or a portion of the Trust Property to any such corporation, trust, limited liability company, association or organization in exchange for the shares or securities thereof, or otherwise, and to lend money to, subscribe for the shares or securities of, and enter into any contracts with any such corporation, trust, limited liability company, partnership, association or organization, or any corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, association or organization in which the Trust holds or is about to acquire shares or any other interests.

Section 11.6    Conversion to an Open-End Company.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration or the Bylaws, a favorable vote of a majority of the Trustees followed by the favorable vote of the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares of each affected class or series outstanding, voting as separate classes or series, shall be required to approve, adopt or authorize an amendment to this Declaration

 

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that makes the Shares a ‘‘redeemable security’’ as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless such amendment has been approved by eighty percent (80%) of the Trustees, in which case approval by a Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required. Upon the adoption of a proposal to convert the Trust from a “closed-end company” to an “open-end company” as those terms are defined by the 1940 Act and the necessary amendments to this Declaration to permit such a conversion of the Trust’s outstanding Shares entitled to vote, the Trust shall, upon complying with any requirements of the 1940 Act and state law, become an “open-end” investment company. Such affirmative vote or consent shall be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of the Shares otherwise required by law, or any agreement between the Trust and any national securities exchange.

Section 11.7    Control Share Acquisitions.

The Trust shall be subject to Sections 3-701 through 3-707 (the “Control Share Act”) of the Maryland General Corporation Law to the same extent as if the Trust were a Maryland corporation registered under the 1940 Act as a closed end investment company that had elected to be subject to the Control Share Act by resolution of its board of directors and, accordingly, the Control Share Act shall apply to any acquisition or proposed acquisition of Shares to the extent provided therein. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, (1) the Control Share Act shall not apply to the voting rights of the holders of any preferred shares issued by the Trust (but only with respect to such preferred shares); (2) the Control Share Act shall not apply to the voting rights of any person acquiring Shares in a control share acquisition (as defined in the Control Share Act) if, prior to the acquisition, the person obtains approval of the Board of Trustees exempting the acquisition from the Control Share Act specifically, generally, or generally by types, which exemption may include the person and the person’s affiliates or associates or other persons; and (3) to the extent that any provisions of the Control Share Act are determined to be inconsistent with the 1940 Act, then any such provisions shall not apply. No holder of Shares shall be entitled to exercise the rights of an objecting stockholder under Section 3-708 of the Maryland General Corporation Law.

Section 11.8    Certain Other Transactions.

(a)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration and subject to the exceptions provided in paragraph (d) of this Section, the types of transactions described in paragraph (c) of this Section shall require the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the Trustees followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares of each affected class or series outstanding, voting as separate classes or series, when a Principal Shareholder (as defined in paragraph (b) of this Section) is a party to the transaction. Such affirmative vote or consent shall be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of Shares otherwise required by law or by the terms of any class or series of preferred shares of beneficial interest, whether now or hereafter authorized, or any agreement between the Trust and any national securities exchange.

(b)    The term “Principal Shareholder” shall mean any corporation, Person or other entity which is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding Shares of all outstanding classes or series and shall include any affiliate or associate, as such terms are defined in clause (ii) below, of a Principal Shareholder. For the purposes of this Section, in addition to the Shares which a corporation, Person or other entity

 

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beneficially owns directly, (a) any corporation, Person or other entity shall be deemed to be the beneficial owner of any Shares (i) which it has the right to acquire pursuant to any agreement or upon exercise of conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise (but excluding share options granted by the Trust) or (ii) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly (including Shares deemed owned through application of clause (i) above), by any other corporation, Person or entity with which its “affiliate” or “associate” (as defined below) has any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of Shares, or which is its “affiliate” or “associate” as those terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (b) the outstanding Shares shall include Shares deemed owned through application of clauses (i) and (ii) above but shall not include any other Shares which may be issuable pursuant to any agreement, or upon exercise of conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise.

(c)    This Section shall apply to the following transactions:

(i)    The merger or consolidation of the Trust or any subsidiary of the Trust with or into any Principal Shareholder.

(ii)    The issuance of any securities of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than (x) pursuant to any automatic dividend reinvestment plan, (y) prior to the Trust’s initial public offering or (z) in connection with any public offering of the Trust’s securities).

(iii)    The sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Trust, aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period.)

(iv)    The sale, lease or exchange to the Trust or any subsidiary thereof, in exchange for securities of the Trust, of any assets of any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Trust, aggregating for the purposes of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period).

(d)    The provisions of this Section shall not be applicable to (i) any of the transactions described in paragraph (c) of this Section if eighty percent (80%) of the Trustees shall by resolution have approved a memorandum of understanding with such Principal Shareholder with respect to and substantially consistent with such transaction, in which case approval by a Majority Shareholder Vote shall be the only vote of Shareholders required by this Section, or (ii) any such transaction with any entity of which a majority of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of equity interests normally entitled to vote in elections of directors is owned of record or beneficially by the Trust and/or any of its subsidiaries.

(e)    The Board of Trustees shall have the power and duty to determine for the purposes of this Section on the basis of information known to the Trust whether (i) a corporation, person or entity beneficially owns five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding Shares of any class

 

27


or series, (ii) a corporation, person or entity is an “affiliate” or “associate” (as defined above) of another, (iii) the assets being acquired or leased to or by the Trust or any subsidiary thereof constitute a substantial part of the assets of the Trust and have an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Trust, and (iv) the memorandum of understanding referred to in paragraph (d) hereof is substantially consistent with the transaction covered thereby. Any such determination shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes of this Section.

ARTICLE XII

Miscellaneous

Section 12.1    Filing.

(a)    This Declaration and any amendment or supplement hereto shall be filed in such places as may be required or as the Board of Trustees deems appropriate. Each amendment or supplement shall be accompanied by a certificate signed and acknowledged by a Trustee stating that such action was duly taken in a manner provided herein, and shall, upon insertion in the Trust’s minute book, be conclusive evidence of all amendments contained therein. A restated Declaration, containing the original Declaration and all amendments and supplements theretofore made, may be executed from time to time by a majority of the Trustees and shall, upon insertion in the Trust’s minute book, be conclusive evidence of all amendments and supplements contained therein and may thereafter be referred to in lieu of the original Declaration and the various amendments and supplements thereto.

(b)    The Trustees hereby authorize and direct a Certificate of Trust, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, to be executed and filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland in accordance with the Maryland Statutory Trust Act.

Section 12.2    Resident Agent.

The Trust shall maintain a resident agent in the State of Maryland, which agent shall initially be The Corporation Trust Incorporated, 2405 York Road, Suite 201, Lutherville, Maryland 21093. The Board of Trustees may designate a successor resident agent, provided, however, that such appointment shall not become effective until written notice thereof is delivered to the office of the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland. The Trust may have such offices or places of business within or outside the State of Maryland as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine.

Section 12.3    Governing Law.

This Declaration is executed by the Trustees and delivered in the State of Maryland and with reference to the laws thereof, and the rights of all parties and the validity and construction of every provision hereof shall be subject to and construed according to laws of said State and reference shall be specifically made to the Maryland General Corporation Law as to the construction of matters not specifically covered herein or as to which an ambiguity exists, although such law shall not be viewed as limiting the powers otherwise granted to the Board of Trustees hereunder and any ambiguity shall be viewed in favor of such powers.

 

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Section 12.4    Jurisdiction and Waiver of Jury Trial.

Any suit, action or proceeding brought by or in the right of any Shareholder or any Person claiming any interest in any Shares seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of, or in connection with, this Declaration or the Trust, any series or class or any Shares, including any claim of any nature against the Trust, any series or class, the Trustees or officers of the Trust, shall be brought exclusively in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that Court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, and all Shareholders and other such Persons hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of such courts (and the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection they may make now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum; provided, however, that none of the foregoing shall apply if any such suit, action or proceeding in any way arises out of or in connection with the federal securities law of the United States. IN CONNECTION WITH ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ALL SHAREHOLDERS AND ALL OTHER SUCH PERSONS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. All Shareholders and other such Persons agree that service of summons, complaint or other process in connection with any proceedings may be made by registered or certified mail or by overnight courier addressed to such Person at the address shown on the books and records of the Trust for such Person or at the address of the Person shown on the books and records of the Trust with respect to the Shares that such Person claims an interest in.

Section 12.5    Counterparts.

This Declaration may be simultaneously executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts, together, shall constitute one and the same instrument, which shall be sufficiently evidenced by any such original counterpart.

Section 12.6    Reliance by Third Parties.

Any certificate executed by an individual who, according to the records of the Trust, or of any recording office in which this Declaration may be recorded, appears to be a Trustee hereunder, certifying to: (a) the number or identity of Trustees or Shareholders, (b) the name of the Trust, (c) the due authorization of the execution of any instrument or writing, (d) the form of any vote passed at a meeting of Trustees or Shareholders, (e) the fact that the number of Trustees or Shareholders present at any meeting or approving any action by written consent or electronic transmission satisfies the requirements of this Declaration or the Bylaws, (f) the form of any Bylaws adopted by or the identity of any officers elected by the Trustees, or (g) the existence of any fact or facts which in any manner relate to the affairs of the Trust, shall be conclusive evidence as to the matters so certified in favor of any person dealing with the Trustees and their successors.

Section 12.7    Declaration and Bylaws; Governing Instrument.

This Declaration and the Bylaws together constitute the governing instrument of the Trust within the meaning of the Maryland Statutory Trust Act.

 

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Section 12.8    Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation.

(a)     The provisions of this Declaration are severable, and if the Board of Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Code or with other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of this Declaration; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Declaration or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.

(b)    If any provision of this Declaration shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Declaration in any jurisdiction.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to be executed as of the day and year first above written, and hereby certifies that this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust was duly adopted by the Board of Trustees of this Trust in accordance with Section 11.3 of the Initial Declaration of Trust.

 

/s/ John M. Perlowski

John M. Perlowski
Trustee

[Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust Signature Page]

Exhibit (b)(2)

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

Effective as of May 19, 2022


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  
ARTICLE I

 

SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS

 

Section 1. Chair(s)

     3  

Section 2. Annual Meetings of Shareholders

     3  

Section 3. Special Meetings of Shareholders

     3  

Section 4. Place of Meetings

     4  

Section 5. Notice of Meetings

     4  

Section 6. Nature of Business at Annual Meetings of Shareholders

     5  

Section 7. Nomination of Directors

     7  

Section 8. Conduct of Meetings

     11  

Section 9. Postponements; Adjournments

     11  

Section 10. Record Date

     12  

Section 11. Voting

     12  

Section 12. Quorum.

     13  

Section 13. Proxies

     14  

Section 14. Inspectors of Election

     15  

Section 15. Shareholder Action by Without a Meeting

     15  

Section 16. Share Ledger

     15  
ARTICLE II

 

DIRECTORS

 

Section 1. Number and Qualification

     16  

Section 2. Term of Office

     19  

Section 3. Resignation and Removal

     19  

Section 4. Vacancies

     19  

Section 5. Meetings

     20  

Section 6. Quorum

     21  

Section 7. Required Vote

     21  

Section 8. Committees

     21  

Section 9. Director Action by Without a Meeting

     22  

Section 10. Chair(s); Records

     22  

Section 11. Delegation

     22  

Section 12. Compensation

     22  

Section 13. Governance

     23  
ARTICLE III

 

OFFICERS

 

Section 1. Officers of the Fund

     23  

Section 2. Election and Tenure

     23  

Section 3. Removal and Resignation of Officers

     23  

Section 4. Chair(s) of the Board of Directors

     23  

Section 5. Vice Chair of the Board of Directors

     24  

Section 6. President

     24  

Section 7. Secretary

     24  

Section 8. Treasurer and/or Chief Financial Officer

     24  

Section 9. Other Officers and Duties

     25  

 

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ARTICLE IV

 

SHARES

 

Section 1. Shares of Beneficial Interest

     25  

Section 2. Transfer Agents, Registrars and the Like

     25  

Section 3. Transfer of Shares

     26  

Section 4. Registered Shareholders

     26  

Section 5. Register of Shares

     26  

Section 6. Disclosure of Holdings

     26  

Section 7. Signatures

     26  

Section 8. Lost Certificates

     27  
ARTICLE V

 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 1. Governing Law

     27  

Section 2. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation

     27  
ARTICLE VI

 

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

 

Section 1. Amendment and Repeal of Bylaws

     28  

 

ii


BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

These Amended and Restated Bylaws are made and adopted pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, dated as of May 19, 2022, as from time to time amended (hereinafter called the “Charter”), of BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “Fund”).

Definitions. As used in these Amended and Restated Bylaws, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

12(d) Holder” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(b)(vi) of Article II.

1940 Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

5% Holder” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(b)(ii) of Article II.

Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of Delaware are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

Bylaws” shall mean these Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Fund as amended or restated from time to time by the Directors.

Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Contested Election” shall mean any election of Directors in which the number of persons nominated for election as Directors in accordance with Section 7 of Article I exceeds the number of Directors to be elected, with the determination that any election of Directors is a Contested Election to be made by the Secretary or other officer of the Fund prior to the time the Fund mails its initial proxy statement in connection with such election of Directors. If, prior to the time the Fund mails its initial proxy statement in connection with such election of Directors, one or more persons nominated for election as a Director are withdrawn such that the number of persons nominated for election as Director no longer exceeds the number of Directors to be elected, such election shall not be considered a Contested Election.

Directors” and “Board of Directors” shall mean the persons duly elected or appointed to the Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as the case may be, of the Fund from time to time, so long as they shall continue in office, and all other persons who at the time in question have been duly elected or appointed and have qualified as directors or trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof and are then in office.

Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

immediate family member” shall mean any parent, child, spouse, spouse of a parent, spouse of a child, brother or sister (including step and adoptive relationships).

 

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Independent Director” shall mean a Director that is not an “interested person” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

investment company” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(a)(iii) of Article II.

Management Director” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1 of Article II.

nominated or seated” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(a) of Article II.

Non-Management Director” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1 of Article II.

Person” shall mean and include natural persons, corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations, joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.

Prohibited Conduct” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(a)(v) of Article II.

Proposed Nominee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(d)(i) of Article I.

Proposed Nominee Associated Person” of any Proposed Nominee shall mean (A) any Person acting in concert with such Proposed Nominee, (B) any direct or indirect beneficial owner of Shares owned of record or beneficially by such Proposed Nominee or Person acting in concert with the Proposed Nominee and (C) any Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Proposed Nominee or a Proposed Nominee Associated Person.

proxy access rules” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(g) of Article I.

SEC” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Shareholder Associated Person” of any beneficial or record shareholder shall mean (A) any Person acting in concert with such shareholder, (B) any direct or indirect beneficial owner of Shares owned of record or beneficially by such shareholder or any Person acting in concert with such shareholder, (C) any Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such shareholder or a Shareholder Associated Person and (D) any member of the immediate family of such shareholder or Shareholder Associated Person.

Shares” shall mean (i) if the Fund is organized as a trust, the units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interests in the Fund shall be divided from time to time, (ii) if the Fund is organized as a corporation, the shares of stock of the Fund and (iii) if the Fund is organized as a limited liability company, the limited liability company interests of the Fund, and in each case includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares. In addition, Shares also means any preferred units of beneficial interest, preferred stock or preferred limited liability company interests which may be issued from time to time, as described herein. All references to Shares shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all series or classes as the context may require.

Special Meeting Request” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b)(i) of Article I.

 

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ARTICLE I

SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS

Section 1. Chair(s).

The Chair(s), if any, shall act as chair(s) at all meetings of the shareholders. In the absence of the Chair(s), the Vice Chair, if any, shall act as chair at the meeting. In the absence of the Chair(s) and the Vice Chair, the Director or Directors present at each meeting may elect a temporary chair for the meeting, who may be one of themselves.

Section 2. Annual Meetings of Shareholders. The annual meeting of shareholders for the election of Directors shall be held on such date and at such time and at such place as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any other proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting of shareholders. Directors may only be elected at an annual meeting of shareholders.

Section 3. Special Meetings of Shareholders.

(a)    Unless otherwise required by binding law or by the Charter, special meetings of shareholders, for any purpose or purposes, except for the election of Directors, may be called by the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee) or the President and shall be called by the Secretary at the request in writing by the shareholders of record of not less than fifty-one percent (51%) of the outstanding Shares of the Fund or class or series of Shares having voting rights on the matter. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting as shall be specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto).

(b)    (i) Any shareholder of record seeking to request a special meeting shall send written notice to the Secretary (the “Special Meeting Request”) by registered mail, return receipt requested, requesting the Secretary to call a special meeting. Proof of the requesting shareholder’s ownership of Shares at the time of giving the Special Meeting Request must accompany the requesting shareholder’s Special Meeting Request. The Special Meeting Request shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at the meeting, shall be signed by one or more shareholders of record (or their duly authorized agents), shall bear the date of signature of each requesting shareholder (or its duly authorized agent) signing the Special Meeting Request and shall set forth all information that each such shareholder of record and, with respect to the beneficial owners of Shares on whose behalf such request is being made, each such beneficial owner of Shares would be required to disclose in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies with respect to the proposed business to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act, as well as additional information required by Article I Section 6(d) of these Bylaws. Upon receiving the Special Meeting Request, the Directors may in their discretion fix a special meeting date, which need not be the same date as that requested in the Special Meeting Request.

(ii)    A shareholder of record providing notice of business proposed to be brought before a special meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so

 

3


that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 3(b) shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive notice of the special meeting and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund not later than five (5) Business Days after the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive notice of the special meeting.

(iii)    The Board of Directors shall determine the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request received by the Secretary.

(iv)    Within ten (10) days of receipt of a valid Special Meeting Request, the Secretary shall inform the requesting shareholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice of meeting (including the Fund’s proxy materials). The Secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon receipt of a Special Meeting Request and such meeting shall not be held unless the Secretary receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to the mailing of any notice of the meeting.

Section 4. Place of Meetings.

Any shareholder meeting, including a special meeting, shall be held within or without the state in which the Fund was formed at such place, date and time as the Directors shall designate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Directors may determine that a meeting of shareholders not be held at any place, but instead may be held partially or solely by means of remote communication so long as all persons participating in the meeting may hear each other. Subject to any guidelines or procedures that the Board of Directors or any officer of the Fund adopts, shareholders and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of shareholders may participate in the meeting of the shareholders and may be considered present in person and may vote at the meeting of shareholders, whether the meeting is held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, (a) if the Fund implements reasonable measures to verify that each person considered present and authorized to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a shareholder or proxy holder; (b) if the Fund implements reasonable measures to provide the shareholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the shareholders, including the opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with the proceedings; and (c) in the event any shareholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of the vote or other action is maintained by the Fund.

Section 5. Notice of Meetings.

Not less than ten (10) nor more than ninety (90) days before each meeting of shareholders, the Secretary shall give to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each shareholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting notice in writing or by electronic transmission stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose for which the meeting is called, by mail, by presenting it to such shareholder personally, by leaving it at the shareholder’s residence or usual place of business, by electronic transmission or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail

 

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addressed to the shareholder at the shareholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Fund, with postage thereon prepaid. If transmitted electronically, such notice shall be deemed to be given when transmitted to the shareholder by an electronic transmission to any address or number of the shareholder at which the shareholder receives electronic transmissions. The Fund may give a single notice to all shareholders who share an address, which single notice shall be effective as to any shareholder at such address, unless such shareholder objects to receiving such single notice or revokes a prior consent to receiving such single notice. Failure to give notice of any meeting to one or more shareholders, or any irregularity in such notice, shall not affect the validity of any meeting fixed in accordance with this Article II or the validity of any proceedings at any such meeting. Such notice will also specify the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting.

Section 6. Nature of Business at Annual Meetings of Shareholders.

(a)    Only such business (other than nominations for election to the Board of Directors, which must comply with the provisions of Section 7 of this Article I) may be transacted at an annual meeting of shareholders as is either:

(i)    specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof),

(ii)    otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or

(iii)    otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any shareholder of record of the Fund:

(A)    who is a shareholder of record on the date such shareholder gives the notice provided for in this Section 6 of this Article I, on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual meeting and at the time of the annual meeting; and

(B)    who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 6 of this Article I.

(b)    In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, such shareholder of record must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Fund.

(c)    To be timely, a record shareholder’s notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or be mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Fund not less than one hundred twenty (120) days nor more than one hundred fifty (150) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within twenty- five (25) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder of record in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs. In no event shall the adjournment or

 

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postponement of an annual meeting, or the public announcement of such an adjournment or postponement, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a record shareholder’s notice as described above.

(d)    To be in proper written form, a record shareholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth the following information:

(i)    as to each matter such shareholder of record proposes to bring before the annual meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and

(ii)    as to the record shareholder giving notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made,

(A)    the name and address of such person and of any Shareholder Associated Person;

(B)    (1) the class or series and number of all Shares which are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any Shareholder Associated Person,

(2)    the name of each nominee holder of Shares owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any Shareholder Associated Person, and the number of such Shares held by each such nominee holder,

(3)    whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, with respect to Shares, and

(4)    whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of Shares) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, with respect to Shares;

(C)    a description of all agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral) between or among such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, and any other Person or Persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business and any material interest of such person or any Shareholder Associated Person, in such business, including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person;

(D)    a representation that the shareholder of record giving notice intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting; and

 

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(E)    information relating to such person or any Shareholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies by such person with respect to the proposed business to be brought by such person before the annual meeting pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act.

(e)    A shareholder of record providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 6 of this Article I shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund not later than five Business Days after the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting.

(f)    No business (other than nominations for election to the Board of Directors, which must comply with the provisions of Section 7 of this Article I) shall be conducted at the annual meeting of shareholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 6 of this Article I. If the chair of an annual meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chair shall declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be transacted.

(g)    Nothing contained in this Section 6 of this Article I shall be deemed to affect any rights of shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Fund’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision of law).

Section 7. Nomination of Directors.

(a)    Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Fund. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made only at any annual meeting of shareholders:

(i)    by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or

(ii)    by any shareholder of record, or group of shareholders of record, of the Fund:

(A) who is a shareholder or are shareholders of record on the date such shareholder(s) give the notice provided for in this Section 7 of this Article I, on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual meeting and at the time of the annual meeting; and

(B) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 7 of this Article I.

 

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(b)    In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a shareholder of record, or group of shareholders of record, such shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Fund.

(c)    To be timely, a record shareholder’s notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or be mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Fund:

(i)    not less than one hundred twenty (120) days nor more than one hundred fifty (150) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within twenty-five (25) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder of record in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting, or the public announcement of such an adjournment or postponement, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder’s notice as described above.

(d)    To be in proper written form, a record shareholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth the following information:

(i)    as to each person whom the shareholder of record proposes to nominate for election as a director (a “Proposed Nominee”) and any Proposed Nominee Associated Person:

(A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such Proposed Nominee and of any Proposed Nominee Associated Person;

(B) the principal occupation or employment of such Proposed Nominee;

(C) (1) the class or series and number of all Shares which are owned beneficially or of record, directly or indirectly, by such Proposed Nominee and any Proposed Nominee Associated Person, and the name and address of the record holder(s) of such Shares (if different than the beneficial owner(s)) as they appear on the records of the Fund,

(2) the name of each nominee holder of Shares owned beneficially but not of record by such Proposed Nominee or any Proposed Nominee Associated Person, and the number of such Shares held by each such nominee holder,

(3) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such Proposed Nominee, or any Proposed Nominee Associated Person, with respect to Shares,

(4) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of Shares) has been made by or on behalf of such Proposed Nominee, or any Proposed

 

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Nominee Associated Person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, such Proposed Nominee, or any Proposed Nominee Associated Person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such Proposed Nominee, or any Proposed Nominee Associated Person, with respect to the Shares,

(5) a representation as to whether such Proposed Nominee is an “interested person,” as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act and sufficient information about the Proposed Nominee to permit counsel to the Fund to confirm such representation, including information with respect to each relationship set forth in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act which may cause such Proposed Nominee to be an interested person of the Fund or a representation that no such relationship exists, and

(6) information to establish to the satisfaction of the Board of Directors that the Proposed Nominee satisfies the director qualifications as set out in Section 1 of Article II; and

(D) any other information relating to such Proposed Nominee or Proposed Nominee Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (even if an election contest is not involved); and

(ii)    as to the shareholder of record giving the notice, and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made,

(A) the name and record address of such person and of any Shareholder Associated Person;

(B) (1) the class or series and number of all Shares which are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any Shareholder Associated Person,

(2) the name of each nominee holder of Shares of the Fund owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any Shareholder Associated Person, and the number of Shares held by each such nominee holder,

(3) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, with respect to stock of the Fund, and

(4) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of Shares) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, with respect to Shares;

 

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(C) a description of all agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral) between such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, and any proposed nominee or any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are being made by such person, and any material interest of such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person, in such nomination, including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such person, or any Shareholder Associated Person;

(D) a representation that the shareholder, or group of shareholders, giving notice intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice;

(E) any other information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for election of directors in an election contest pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (even if an election contest is not involved).

(iii)    Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each Proposed Nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

(e)    A shareholder of record, or group of shareholders of record, providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that:

(i)    the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 7 of this Article I shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund not later than five Business Days after the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive notice of such annual meeting; and

(ii)    any subsequent information reasonably requested by the Board of Directors to determine that the Proposed Nominee has met the director qualifications as set out in Section 1 of Article II is provided, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund not later than five Business Days after the request by the Board of Directors for subsequent information regarding director qualifications has been delivered to or mailed and received by such shareholder of record, or group of shareholders of record, providing notice of any nomination.

(f)    No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Fund unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 7 of this Article I. If the chair of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chair shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

(g)    Notwithstanding any provision of this Section 7 of this Article I to the contrary, a nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be submitted for inclusion in the Fund’s proxy materials to the extent required by rules adopted by the SEC providing for such nominations and inclusion and interpretations thereof (“proxy access rules”), if any, and, if such nomination is submitted under the proxy access rules, such submission:

(i)    in order to be timely, must be delivered to, or be mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund no later than 120 calendar days before the date that the Fund mailed (or otherwise disseminated) its proxy materials for the prior year’s annual meeting (or such other date as may be set forth in the proxy access rules for companies without advance notice bylaws);

 

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(ii)    in all other respects, must be made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the terms of the proxy access rules, as in effect at the time of the nomination, or any successor rules or regulations of the SEC then in effect; and

(iii)    must provide the Fund with any other information required by this Section 7 of this Article I, by applicable binding law, the Charter or a resolution of the Directors for nominations not made under the proxy access rules, except to the extent that requiring such information to be furnished is prohibited by the proxy access rules. The provisions of this paragraph of this Section 7 of this Article I do not provide shareholders of the Fund with any rights, nor impose upon the Fund any obligations, other than the rights and obligations set forth in the proxy access rules.

Section 8. Conduct of Meetings.

The Board of Directors of the Fund may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of any meeting of the shareholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chair of any meeting of the shareholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) the determination of when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (c) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (d) limitations on attendance at and participation in the meeting to shareholders, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chair of the meeting shall determine; (e) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; (f) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by shareholders; and (g) the extent to which, if any, other participants are permitted to speak.

Section 9. Postponements; Adjournments.

The Board of Directors may, prior to a meeting of shareholders being convened, postpone such meeting from time to time to a date not more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the original record date. The chair of any meeting of the shareholders may adjourn the meeting from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof and the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in

 

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person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Fund may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned one or more times without further notice not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the record date. If after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting in accordance with the requirements of Section 5 of this Article I shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting and each other shareholder entitled to notice of the meeting.

Section 10. Record Date.

(a)    For the purposes of determining the shareholders who are entitled to vote at or otherwise entitled to notice of any meeting, the Directors may, without closing the transfer books, fix a date not more than ninety (90) nor less than ten (10) days prior to the date of such meeting of shareholders as a record date for the determination of the Persons to be treated as shareholders of record for such purposes. The record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Directors. If no record date is fixed by the Directors and the stock transfer books are not closed, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the shareholders shall be at the close of business on the day immediately preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day immediately preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the shareholders of record shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

(b)    In order that the Fund may determine the shareholders entitled to consent to trust action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Directors and no prior action by the Directors is required by applicable binding law or the Charter to take such action, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to consent to trust action in writing without a meeting shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Fund by delivery to its registered office in the state in which the Fund was formed, its resident agent, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Fund having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of the shareholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Fund’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Directors and prior action by the Directors is required by applicable binding law or the Charter, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to consent to trust action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

Section 11. Voting.

(a)    Shareholders shall have no power to vote on any matter except matters on which a vote of shareholders is required by applicable binding law, the Charter or a resolution of

 

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the Directors. Except as otherwise provided herein, any matter required to be submitted to shareholders and affecting one or more classes or series of Shares shall require approval by the required vote of all the affected classes and series of Shares voting together as a single class; provided, however, that as to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any class or series of Shares is required by the 1940 Act, such requirement as to a separate vote by that class or series of Shares shall apply in addition to a vote of all the affected classes and series voting together as a single class. Shareholders of a particular class or series of Shares shall not be entitled to vote on any matter that affects only one or more other classes or series of Shares.

(b)    Subject to any provision of applicable binding law, the Charter, these Bylaws or a resolution of the Directors specifying a greater or a lesser vote requirement for the transaction of any item of business that properly comes before any meeting of shareholders (i) with respect to the election of Directors, other than a Contested Election, the affirmative vote of a plurality of the Shares represented in person or by proxy at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the shareholders with respect to such matter, (ii) with respect to a Contested Election, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote with respect to such matter at such meeting shall be the act of the shareholders with respect to such matter, (iii) for all other items of business, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares represented in person or by proxy at any meeting at which a quorum is present and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the shareholders with respect to such matter(s), and (iv) where a separate vote of one or more classes or series of Shares is required on any matter, the affirmative vote of a plurality of Shares of such class or series of Shares represented in person or by proxy at any meeting at which a quorum is present, a majority of the Shares of such class or series of Shares represented in person or by proxy at any meeting in which a quorum is present, or a majority of the Shares of such class or series of Shares outstanding and entitled to vote , as required by the preceding clauses of this paragraph, shall be the act of the shareholders of such class or series with respect to such matter.

(c)    Only shareholders of record shall be entitled to vote. Each full Share shall be entitled to one vote and fractional Shares shall be entitled to a vote of such fraction. When any Share is held jointly by several persons, any one of them may vote at any meeting in person or by proxy in respect of such Share, but if more than one of them shall be present at such meeting in person or by proxy, and such joint owners or their proxies so present disagree as to any vote to be cast, such vote shall be cast in accordance with applicable binding law.

(d)    There shall be no cumulative voting in the election or removal of Directors.

Section 12. Quorum.

The holders of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on any matter at a meeting present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at such meeting of the shareholders for purposes of conducting business on such matter. The absence from any meeting, in person or by proxy, of a quorum of shareholders for action upon any given matter shall not prevent action at such meeting upon any other matter or matters which may properly come before the meeting, if there shall be present thereat, in person or by proxy, a quorum of shareholders in respect of such other matters. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the chair of the meeting shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, in the manner provided in Section 9 of this Article I, until a quorum shall be present or represented.

 

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Section 13. Proxies.

(a)    At any meeting of shareholders, any holder of Shares entitled to vote thereat may vote by properly executed proxy, provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it shall have been placed on file with the Secretary, or with such other officer or agent of the Fund as the Directors or Secretary may direct, for verification prior to the time at which such vote shall be taken. Pursuant to a resolution of a majority of the Directors, proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Directors or one or more of the officers or employees of the Fund. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. If the holder of any such Share is a minor or a person of unsound mind, and subject to guardianship or to the legal control of any other person as regards the charge or management of such Share, such person may vote by their guardian or such other person appointed or having such control, and such vote may be given in person or by proxy.

(b)    Without limiting the manner in which a shareholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such shareholder as proxy, the following shall constitute a valid means by which a shareholder may grant such authority:

(i)    A shareholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for such shareholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the shareholder or such shareholder’s authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or causing such person’s signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means, including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.

(ii)    A shareholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such shareholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the shareholder. If it is determined that such telegrams, cablegrams or other electronic transmissions are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such other persons making that determination shall specify the information on which they relied.

(c)    Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission authorizing another person or persons to act as proxy for a shareholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used; provided, however, that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.

 

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Section 14. Inspectors of Election.

In advance of any meeting of the shareholders, the Board of Directors, by resolution, may appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, the person acting as chair of any meeting of shareholders may, and on the request of any shareholder or shareholder proxy shall, appoint inspectors of election of the meeting. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of the shareholders, the chair of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless otherwise required by applicable binding law, inspectors may be officers, employees or agents of the Fund. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of the duties of inspector, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector’s ability. The inspector shall have the duties prescribed by law or assigned by the chair of the meeting and shall take charge of the polls and, when the vote is completed, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken and of such other facts as may be required by applicable binding law.

Section 15. Shareholder Action by Without a Meeting.

(a)    Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Fund may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if the holders entitled to vote thereon, in the proportion of Shares required for approval of such action at a meeting of shareholders at which all shareholders entitled to vote on the matter were present and voted, consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of shareholders.

(b)    Any such consent shall be delivered to the Fund by delivery to its registered office in the state in which the Fund was formed, its resident agent, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Fund having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of the shareholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Fund’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each shareholder who signs the consent. No written consent shall be effective to take the trust action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this Section 15 of this Article I to the Fund, written consents signed in accordance with Section 15(a) of this Article I by holders to take action are delivered to the Fund by delivery to its registered office in the state in which the Fund was formed, its resident agent, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Fund having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of the shareholders are recorded. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.

Section 16. Share Ledger.

The share ledger of the Fund shall be the only evidence as to who are the shareholders entitled to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the shareholders.

 

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ARTICLE II

DIRECTORS

Section 1. Number and Qualification.

Prior to a public offering of Shares there may be a sole Director. Thereafter, the number of Directors shall be determined by a majority of the Directors, provided that the number of Directors shall be no less than the lower limit for Directors as stated in the Charter and no more than fifteen (15) and the Directors shall satisfy the requirements set forth below in this Section 1 of this Article II and in the Charter. No reduction in the number of Directors shall have the effect of removing any Director from office prior to the expiration of the Director’s term. Directors need not own Shares and may succeed themselves in office. Directors who have such present or former associations with the Fund’s investment adviser as may cause such person not to be an Independent Director are referred to as “Management Directors”. Each Director who is not a Management Director is referred to as a “Non-Management Director.”

(a)    After the offering of Shares, only persons satisfying the following qualification requirements applicable to all Directors and any requirements in the Charter may be nominated, elected, appointed, qualified or seated (“nominated or seated”) to serve as directors:

(i)    An individual nominated or seated as a Director shall be at least twenty-one (21) years of age and not older than the younger of (A) the mandatory retirement age determined from time to time by the Directors or a committee of the Directors and (B) eighty (80) years of age, in each case at the time the individual is nominated or seated, and not under legal disability;

(ii)    An individual nominated or seated as a Director shall, at the time the individual is nominated or seated, serve as a Director of no more than five (5) companies having securities registered under the Exchange Act (investment companies having the same investment adviser or investment advisers affiliated through a control relationship shall all be counted as a single company for this purpose);

(iii)    Except as set forth in Section 1 of this Article II, an individual nominated or seated as a Director shall not be an employee, officer, partner, member, director or 5% or greater shareholder in any investment adviser (other than the Fund’s investment adviser or any investment adviser affiliated with the Fund’s investment adviser), collective investment vehicle primarily engaged in the business of investing in “investment securities” (as defined in the 1940 Act) (an “investment company”) or entity controlling or controlled by any investment adviser (other than the Fund’s investment adviser or any investment adviser affiliated with the Fund’s investment adviser) or investment company unless a majority of the Board of Directors shall have determined by resolution that such relationship will not present undue conflicts or impede either the ability of the individual to discharge the duties of a Director or the free flow of information between the Fund’s investment adviser and the Board of Directors;

 

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(iv)    An individual nominated or seated as a Director shall not have been charged (unless such charges were dismissed or the individual was otherwise exonerated) with a criminal offense involving moral turpitude, dishonesty or breach of trust, or have been convicted or have pled guilty or nolo contendere with respect to a felony under the laws of the United States or any state thereof;

(v)    An individual nominated or seated as a Director shall not be and shall not have been subject to any censure, order, consent decree (including consent decrees in which the respondent has neither admitted nor denied the findings) or adverse final action of any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority (including self-regulatory organizations), barring or suspending such individual from participation in or association with any investment-related business or restricting such individual’s activities with respect to any investment-related business (collectively, “Prohibited Conduct”), nor shall an individual nominated or seated as a Director be the subject of any investigation or proceeding that could reasonably be expected to result in an individual nominated or seated as a Director failing to satisfy the requirements of this paragraph, nor shall any individual nominated or seated as a Director be or have engaged in any conduct which has resulted in, or could have reasonably been expected or would reasonably be expected to result in, the SEC censuring, placing limitations on the activities, functions, or operations of, suspending, or revoking the registration of any investment adviser under Section 203(e) or (f) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;

(vi)    An individual nominated or seated as a Director shall not be and shall not have been the subject of any of the ineligibility provisions contained in Section 9(b) of the 1940 Act that would permit, or could reasonably have been expected or would reasonably be expected to permit the SEC by order to prohibit, conditionally or unconditionally, either permanently or for a period of time, such individual from serving or acting as an employee, officer, director, member of an advisory board, investment adviser or depositor of, or principal underwriter for, a registered investment company or affiliated person (as defined in Section 2(a)(3) of the 1940 Act) of such investment adviser, depositor, or principal underwriter; and

(vii)    An individual nominated or seated as a Director shall not be and shall not have been the subject of any of the ineligibility provisions contained in Section 9(a) of the 1940 Act that would result in, or could have reasonably been expected or would reasonably be expected to result in such individual or a company of which such individual is an affiliated person (as defined in Section 2(a)(3) of the 1940 Act) being ineligible to serve or act in the capacity of employee, officer, director, member of an advisory board, investment adviser, or depositor of any registered investment company, or principal underwriter for any registered investment company, registered unit investment trust, or registered face- amount certificate company.

(b)    After the offering of Shares, only persons satisfying the following additional qualification requirements applicable to all Non-Management Directors shall be nominated or seated as Non-Management Directors:

(i)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not be an “interested person” of the Fund as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act;

 

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(ii)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not directly or indirectly own, control or hold with the power to vote, or be a member of a group of shareholders party to an agreement, arrangement or practice for sharing information or decisions concerning shareholder actions or the acquisition, disposition or voting of Shares, who together directly or indirectly own, control or hold with the power to vote, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of Shares of the Fund (each such person and each member of such a group, a “5% Holder”), may not control or act in concert with a 5% Holder, and may not be an immediate family member of a 5% Holder or of a person who controls or acts in concert with a 5% Holder;

(iii)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, be employed or have been employed within the last year by any 5% Holder or any person who controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or acts in concert with a 5% Holder;

(iv)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, have accepted directly or indirectly, during the year of the election for which such individual is nominated or seated or during the immediately preceding calendar year, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from any 5% Holder or from any person who controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or acts in concert with any 5% Holder;

(v)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, be an officer, director, general partner or managing member (or person performing similar functions) of any 5% Holder or of any person who controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or acting in concert with a 5% Holder;

(vi)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, be employed or employed within the last year by any investment company or any company or companies controlled by an investment company which in the aggregate own (A) more than three percent (3%) of the outstanding voting Shares of the Fund, (B) securities issued by the Fund having an aggregate value in excess of five percent (5%) of the total assets of such investment company and any company or companies controlled by such investment company, (C) securities issued by the Fund and by all other investment companies having an aggregate value in excess of ten percent (10%) of the total assets of the investment company making such investment and any company or companies controlled by the investment company making such investment, or (D) together with other investment companies having the same investment adviser and companies controlled by such investment companies, more than ten percent (10%) of the total outstanding Shares of the Fund (an investment company making such investment(s) and any company or companies controlled by it in the aggregate owning securities in excess of the amounts set forth in (A), (B), (C) or (D) being referred to as a “12(d) Holder”), or by any person who controls, is controlled by, under common control with or acts in concert with a 12(d) Holder;

(vii)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, have accepted directly or

 

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indirectly, during the year of the election for which such individual is nominated or seated, or during the immediately preceding calendar year, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from any 12(d) Holder or from any person who controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or acts in concert with any 12(d) Holder;

(viii)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, be an officer, director, partner or member (or person performing similar functions) of any 12(d) Holder or of any person who controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or acting in concert with a 12(d) Holder; and

(ix)    An individual nominated or seated as a Non-Management Director may not, and any immediate family member of such nominee may not, control or act in concert with any 12(d) Holder or any person who controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or acting in concert with a 12(d) Holder.

Section 2. Term of Office.

The term of office of a Director shall be as provided in the Charter. The Directors shall be elected at an annual meeting of the shareholders.

Section 3. Resignation and Removal.

Any of the Directors may resign (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by such Director and delivered or mailed to the Directors, the Chair(s), if any, the President, or the Secretary and such resignation shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Any of the Directors may be removed, provided the aggregate number of Directors after such removal shall not be less than the minimum number set forth in the Charter, only by the proportion of votes of the shareholders or Directors, as applicable, that are set forth in the Charter as the required proportion of votes for the removal of a Director, and with or without cause, as may be permitted by the Charter or as required by applicable binding law. Upon the resignation or removal of a Director, each such resigning or removed Director shall execute and deliver to the Fund such documents as may be required by applicable binding law or the Charter or as may be requested by the remaining Directors as being in the best interests of the Fund and the shareholders. Upon the incapacity or death of any Director, such Director’s legal representative shall execute and deliver to the Fund on such Director’s behalf such documents as the remaining Directors shall require as provided in the preceding sentence.

Section 4. Vacancies.

Subject to the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of shares of beneficial interests, the Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors in the manner provided in this Section 4 of this Article II. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Directors shall occur, the remaining Directors may fill such vacancy by appointing an individual having the qualifications described in this Article by a majority of the Directors, whether or not sufficient to constitute a quorum, or may leave such vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Directors. The aggregate number of Directors after such reduction shall not be less than the

 

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minimum number required by the Charter. If the shareholders of any class or series are entitled separately to elect one or more Directors, a majority of the remaining Directors elected by that class or series or the sole remaining Director elected by that class or series may fill any vacancy among the number of Directors elected by that class or series. If the shareholders of any class or series are entitled separately to elect one or more Directors and no Director of such class or series remains, a majority of the remaining Directors (regardless of the class of shareholders entitled to vote for such Directors) may fill any vacancy. Any vacancy created by an increase in Directors may be filled by the appointment of an individual having the qualifications described in this Article II by a majority of the Directors. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Directors shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Directors in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Directors and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Directors.

Section 5. Meetings.

(a)    Meetings of the Directors shall be held from time to time upon the call of the Chair(s), if any, the President or any two Directors; provided, however, that if there is only one Director, then such sole Director. Regular meetings of the Directors may be held without call or notice at a time and place fixed by these Bylaws or by resolution of the Directors. Notice of any other meeting shall be given by the Secretary and shall be delivered to the Directors orally or by electronic transmission not less than twenty-four (24) hours, or otherwise in writing not less than seventy-two (72) hours, before the meeting, but may be waived in writing or by electronic transmission by any Director either before or after such meeting. Directors shall provide the Secretary with an email address to which the Secretary may send communications relating to the Fund. The attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been properly called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of Directors need be stated in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting, and no notice need be given of action proposed to be taken by written consent or electronic transmission. Whenever written notice is required by binding law, the Charter or these Bylaws to be given to any Director, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to such Director at such person’s address as it appears on the records of the Fund, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, or by facsimile or email to a location provided by the Director to the Fund.

(b)    The Secretary of the Fund shall act as secretary at each meeting of the Board of Directors and of each committee thereof. In case the Secretary shall be absent from any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof, an Assistant Secretary or a person appointed by the chair of the meeting shall act as secretary of the meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the members of each committee of the Board of Directors may appoint any person to act as secretary of any meeting of such committee and the Secretary of the Fund may, but need not if such committee so elects, serve in such capacity.

(c)    Unless otherwise provided by applicable binding law, all or any one or more Directors may participate in a meeting of the Directors or any committee thereof by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other; participation in a meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

 

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Section 6. Quorum.

Any time there is more than one Director, a quorum for all meetings of the Board of Directors shall be a majority of the Directors, but not less than two (2) of the Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, the Directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and place of the adjourned meeting, until a quorum shall be present. With respect to actions of the Directors and any committee of the Directors, Directors who are not Independent Directors in any action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes under Section 6 of this Article II and shall be entitled to vote to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.

Section 7. Required Vote.

Unless otherwise required or permitted in the Charter or by applicable binding law (including the 1940 Act), any action of the Board of Directors may be taken at a meeting at which a quorum is present by vote of a majority of the Directors present.

Section 8. Committees.

(a)    The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees of its members. Each member of a committee must meet the requirements for membership, if any, imposed by applicable binding law and the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the securities of the Fund are listed or quoted for trading. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. Subject to the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the securities of the Fund are listed or quoted for trading, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another qualified member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any Director serving on a committee of the Board of Directors may be removed from such committee at any time by the Board of Directors or by any committee to which such authority is delegated.

(b)    Any committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution or charter establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Fund, and may authorize the seal of the Fund, if any, to be affixed to all papers which may require it.

(c)    Any committee of the Directors, including an executive committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. Any time there is more than one Director on a committee, unless otherwise required by the committee’s charter, a quorum for all meetings of any committee shall be a majority of the members of such committee, but not less than two of the members thereof.

 

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Unless otherwise required by applicable binding law (including the 1940 Act) or provided in the Charter, these Bylaws or the committee’s charter, any action of any such committee may be taken at a meeting at which a quorum is present by vote of a majority of the members present. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required.

(d)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article II Section 8, the resolution of the Board of Directors establishing any committee of the Board of Directors or the charter of any such committee may establish requirements or procedures relating to the governance or operation of such committee that are different from, or in addition to, those set forth in these Bylaws and, to the extent that there is any inconsistency between these Bylaws and any such resolution or charter, the terms of such resolution or charter shall be controlling.

Section 9. Director Action by Without a Meeting.

Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, any action which may be taken by Directors by vote may be taken without a meeting if that number of the members of the Board of Directors or of the respective committee, as the case may be, required for approval of such action at a meeting of the Directors or such committee consent to the action in writing or by electronic transmission and such consent is filed with the records of the meetings of Directors. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Directors or the committee.

Section 10. Chair(s); Records.

The Chair(s), if any, shall act as chair at all meetings of the Directors. In absence of the Chair(s), the Vice Chair, if any, shall act as chair at the meeting. In the absence of the Chair(s) and the Vice Chair, the Directors present shall elect one of their number to act as temporary chair. The results of all actions taken at a meeting of the Directors, or a written or electronic transmission evidencing the consent of the Directors, shall be recorded by the Secretary or, in the absence of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary or such other person appointed by the Board of Directors as the meeting secretary.

Section 11. Delegation.

Unless otherwise provided in the Charter or these Bylaws and except as provided by applicable binding law, the Directors shall have the power to delegate from time to time to such of their number or to one or more officers, employees or agents of the Fund the doing of such things, including any matters set forth in the Charter or these Bylaws, and the execution of such instruments in the name of the Fund.

Section 12. Compensation.

The Directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary for service as director, payable in cash or securities. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for service as committee members.

 

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Section 13. Governance.

The Board of Directors may from time to time require all its members (including any individual nominated to serve as a Director) to agree in writing as to matters of corporate governance, business ethics and confidentiality while such persons serve as a Director, such agreement to be on the terms and in a form determined satisfactory by the Board of Directors, as amended and supplemented from time to time in the discretion of the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE III

OFFICERS

Section 1. Officers of the Fund.

The Directors shall elect a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer and may elect one or more Chairs and a Vice Chair. Any Chair(s) or Vice Chair shall, and the President, Secretary and Treasurer may, but need not, be a Director. The Directors may elect or appoint or may authorize the Chair(s), if any, or President to appoint such other officers or agents with such powers as the Directors may deem to be advisable. No other officer of the Fund need be a Director. Any two or more of the offices may be held by the same Person, except that after the Fund’s initial public offering the same person may not be both President and Secretary.

Section 2. Election and Tenure.

The Chair, if any, and Vice Chair, if any, President, Secretary, Treasurer and such other officers as the Directors from time to time may elect shall serve at the pleasure of the Directors or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. The Directors may fill a vacancy in office at any time.

Section 3. Removal and Resignation of Officers.

Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by action of a majority of the Directors. This provision shall not prevent the making of a contract of employment for a definite term with any officer and shall have no effect upon any cause of action which any officer may have as a result of removal in breach of a contract of employment. Any officer may resign at any time by notice in writing signed by such officer and delivered or mailed to the Chair(s), if any, President, or Secretary, and such resignation shall take effect immediately upon receipt by the Chair(s), if any, President, or Secretary, or at a later date according to the terms of such notice in writing.

Section 4. Chair(s) of the Board of Directors.

The Chair(s) of the Board of Directors, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors. The Chair(s) of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

 

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Section 5. Vice Chair of the Board of Directors.

The Vice Chair of the Board of Directors, if any, shall perform the duties of the Chair(s) when the Chair(s) is not able to fulfill those duties for any reason.

Section 6. President.

The President shall, subject to the control of the Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business of the Fund and of its employees and shall exercise such general powers of management as are usually vested in the office of President of a Fund. The President shall have such further authorities and duties as the Directors shall from time to time determine. In the absence or disability of the President, the Directors shall delegate authority to another officer of the Fund to perform all of the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all of the restrictions upon the President.

Section 7. Secretary.

The Secretary shall maintain the minutes of all meetings of, and record all votes of, shareholders, Directors and committees of Directors, if any. The Secretary shall be custodian of the seal of the Fund, if any, and the Secretary (and any other person so authorized by the Directors) may affix the seal, or if permitted, facsimile thereof, to any instrument executed by the Fund which would be sealed by a business corporation in the state in which the Fund was formed executing the same or a similar instrument and shall attest the seal and the signature or signatures of the officer or officers executing such instrument on behalf of the Fund. The Secretary shall also perform any other duties commonly incident to such office in a business corporation in the state in which the Fund was formed and shall have such other authorities and duties as the Directors shall from time to time determine, including but not limited to calling special meetings of shareholders and providing notice of all meetings of shareholders.

Section 8. Treasurer and/or Chief Financial Officer.

The Directors can nominate a Treasurer and/or Chief Financial Officer, and, except as otherwise directed by the Directors, such officer(s) shall have the general supervision of the monies, funds, securities, notes receivable and other valuable papers and documents of the Fund, and shall have and exercise under the supervision of the Directors and of the President all powers and duties normally incident to the office. Such officer(s) may endorse for deposit or collection all notes, checks and other instruments payable to the Fund or to its order. Such officer(s) shall deposit all funds of the Fund in such depositories as the Directors shall designate. Such officer(s) shall be responsible for such disbursement of the funds of the Fund as may be ordered by the Directors or the President. Such officer(s) shall keep accurate account of the books of the Fund’s transactions which shall be the property of the Fund, and which together with all other property of the Fund in such officer(s)’s possession, shall be subject at all times to the inspection and control of the Directors. Unless the Directors shall otherwise determine, such officer(s) shall be the principal accounting officer(s) of the Fund and shall also be the principal financial officer(s) of the Fund. Such officer shall have such other duties and authorities as the Directors shall from time to time determine. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, the Directors may authorize any adviser, administrator, manager or transfer agent to maintain bank accounts and deposit and disburse funds of any series of the Fund on behalf of such series.

 

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Section 9. Other Officers and Duties.

The Directors may elect or appoint, or may authorize the President to appoint, such other officers or agents with such powers as the Directors may deem to be advisable. Assistant officers shall act generally in the absence of the officer whom they assist and shall assist that officer in the duties of the office. Each officer, employee and agent of the Fund shall have such other duties and authority as may be conferred upon such person by the Directors or delegated to such person by the President. If the Directors elect or appoint, or authorize the President to appoint, a chief executive officer of the Fund, such chief executive officer, subject to direction of the Directors, shall have power in the name and on behalf of the Fund to execute any and all loans, documents, contracts, agreements, deeds, mortgages, registration statements, applications, requests, filings and other instruments in writing, and to employ and discharge employees and agents of the Fund. Unless otherwise directed by the Directors, the chief executive officer shall have full authority and power, on behalf of all of the Directors, to attend and to act and to vote, on behalf of the Fund at any meetings of business organizations in which the Fund holds an interest, or to confer such powers upon any other persons, by executing any proxies duly authorizing such persons. The chief executive officer shall have such further authorities and duties as the Directors shall from time to time determine. In the absence or disability of the chief executive officer, the Directors shall delegate authority to another officer of the Fund to perform all of the duties of the chief executive officer, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all of the restrictions upon the chief executive officer.

ARTICLE IV

SHARES

Section 1. Shares of Beneficial Interest.

Except as otherwise provided in a resolution approved by the Board of Directors, all Shares of the Fund shall be uncertificated Shares.

Section 2. Transfer Agents, Registrars and the Like.

The Directors shall have authority to employ and compensate such transfer agents and registrars with respect to the Shares of the Fund as the Directors shall deem necessary or desirable. The transfer agent or transfer agents may keep the applicable register and record therein the original issues and transfers, if any, of the Shares. Any such transfer agents and/or registrars shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer agents and registrars of certificates of stock in a corporation, as modified by the Directors. In addition, the Directors shall have power to employ and compensate such dividend disbursing agents, warrant agents and agents for the reinvestment of dividends as they shall deem necessary or desirable. Any of such agents shall have such power and authority as is delegated to any of them by the Directors.

 

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Section 3. Transfer of Shares.

Shares of the Fund shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by the Charter, these Bylaws and applicable binding law. Transfers of Shares shall be made on the books of the Fund, and in the case of certificated Shares, only by the person named in the certificate or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, properly endorsed for transfer and payment of all necessary transfer taxes; or, in the case of uncertificated Shares, upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered holder of the Shares or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and upon payment of all necessary transfer taxes and compliance with appropriate procedures for transferring Shares in uncertificated form; provided, however, that such surrender and endorsement, compliance or payment of taxes shall not be required in any case in which the officers of the Fund shall determine to waive such requirement. If any certificated Shares are issued as provided in Section 1 of this Article IV, they may be transferred only by the person named in the certificate or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, properly endorsed for transfer and payment of all necessary transfer taxes. With respect to certificated Shares, every certificate exchanged, returned or surrendered to the Fund shall be marked “Cancelled,” with the date of cancellation, by the Secretary of the Fund or the transfer agent thereof. No transfer of Shares shall be valid as against the Fund for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the Share records of the Fund by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.

Section 4. Registered Shareholders.

The Fund may deem and treat the holder of record of any Shares as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes and shall not be required to take any notice of any right or claim of right of any other person.

Section 5. Register of Shares.

A register shall be kept at the offices of the Fund or any transfer agent duly appointed by the Directors under the direction of the Directors which shall contain the names and addresses of the shareholders and the number of Shares held by them respectively and a record of all transfers thereof. Separate registers shall be established and maintained for each class or series of Shares. Each such register shall be conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares of the applicable class or series of Shares and who shall be entitled to receive dividends or distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of shareholders. No shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution, nor to have notice given to such Person as herein provided, until such Person has given their address to a transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Directors as shall keep the register for entry thereon.

Section 6. Disclosure of Holdings.

The holders of Shares or other securities of the Fund shall upon demand disclose to the Directors in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares or other securities of the Fund as the Directors deem necessary or appropriate.

Section 7. Signatures.

Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Fund with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

 

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Section 8. Lost Certificates.

The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Fund alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Fund a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Fund on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

ARTICLE V

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 1. Filing.

These Bylaws and any amendment or supplement hereto shall be filed in such places as may be required or as the Directors deem appropriate. Each amendment or supplement shall be accompanied by a certificate signed and acknowledged by the Secretary stating that such action was duly taken in a manner provided herein, and shall, upon insertion in the Fund’s minute book, be conclusive evidence of all amendments contained therein.

Section 1. Governing Law.

These Bylaws and the rights of all parties and the validity and construction of every provision hereof shall be subject to and construed according to the laws of the state in which the Fund was formed, although such law shall not be viewed as limiting the powers otherwise granted to the Directors hereunder and any ambiguity shall be viewed in favor of such powers.

Section 2. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation.

(a)    The provisions of these Bylaws are severable, and if the Directors shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the Charter, the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Code or with other applicable binding laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of these Bylaws; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of these Bylaws or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.

(b)    If any provision of these Bylaws shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of these Bylaws in any jurisdiction.

 

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ARTICLE VI

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

Section 1. Amendment and Repeal of Bylaws.

The Directors shall have the exclusive authority to adopt and from time to time amend or repeal these Bylaws for the conduct of the business of the Fund. Except as may be required by applicable binding law or the Charter, action by the Directors with respect to these Bylaws shall be taken by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors. The Directors shall in no event adopt Bylaws which are in conflict with the Charter, and any inconsistency shall be construed in favor of the related provisions in the Charter.

 

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Exhibit (e)

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

AUTOMATIC DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Pursuant to this Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Reinvestment Plan”) of the undersigned BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “Fund”), unless a holder (a “Shareholder”) of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest (the “Common Shares”) otherwise elects, all dividends and distributions (together, “distributions”) on such Shareholder’s Common Shares will be automatically reinvested by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (“Computershare”), as agent for Shareholders in administering the Reinvestment Plan (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”), in additional Common Shares of the Fund. Shareholders who elect not to participate in the Reinvestment Plan will receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly to the Shareholder of record (or, if the Common Shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee) by Computershare as the Dividend Disbursing Agent. Participants may elect not to participate in the Reinvestment Plan and to receive all distributions in cash by sending written instructions to Computershare, as the Dividend Disbursing Agent, at the address set forth below. Participation in the Reinvestment Plan is completely voluntary and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by written notice if received and processed by the Reinvestment Plan Agent prior to the distribution record date; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared distribution.

The Reinvestment Plan Agent will open an account for each Shareholder under the Reinvestment Plan in the same name in which such Shareholder’s Common Shares are registered. Whenever the Fund declares a distribution payable in cash, non-participants in the Reinvestment Plan will receive cash and participants in the Reinvestment Plan will receive the equivalent in Common Shares. The Common Shares will be acquired by the Reinvestment Plan Agent for the participants’ accounts, depending upon the circumstances described below, either (i) through receipt of additional unissued but authorized Common Shares from the Fund (“newly issued Common Shares”) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding Common Shares on the open market (“open-market purchases”). If, on the distribution payment date, the net asset value per share (“NAV”) is equal to or less than the market price per share plus estimated brokerage commissions (such condition often referred to as a “market premium”), the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest the distribution amount in newly issued Common Shares on behalf of the participants. The number of newly issued Common Shares to be credited to each participant’s account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the distribution by the NAV on the distribution payment date. However, if the NAV is less than 95% of the market price on the distribution payment date, the dollar amount of the distribution will be divided by 95% of the market price on the distribution payment date. If, on the distribution payment date, the NAV is greater than the market price per share plus estimated brokerage commissions (such condition often referred to as a “market discount”), the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest the distribution amount in Common Shares acquired on behalf of the participants in open-market purchases. In the event of a market discount on the distribution payment date, the Reinvestment Plan Agent will have until the last business day before the next date on which the Common Shares trade on an “ex-distribution” basis or 30 days after the distribution payment date,


whichever is sooner (the “last purchase date”), to invest the distribution amount in Common Shares acquired in open-market purchases. It is contemplated that the Fund will pay monthly income distributions. If, before the Reinvestment Plan Agent has completed its open-market purchases, the market price per common share exceeds the NAV per common share, the average per common share purchase price paid by the Reinvestment Plan Agent may exceed the NAV of the Common Shares, resulting in the acquisition of fewer Common Shares than if the distribution had been paid in newly issued Common Shares on the distribution payment date. Because of the foregoing difficulty with respect to open-market purchases, the Reinvestment Plan provides that if the Reinvestment Plan Agent is unable to invest the full distribution amount in open-market purchases, or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Reinvestment Plan Agent may cease making open-market purchases and may invest any uninvested portion in newly issued shares. Investments in newly issued shares made in this manner would be made pursuant to the same process described above and the date of issue for such newly issued shares will substitute for the distribution payment date.

The Reinvestment Plan Agent will maintain all Shareholders’ accounts in the Reinvestment Plan and furnish written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by Shareholders for tax records. Common Shares in the account of each Reinvestment Plan participant will be held by the Reinvestment Plan Agent on behalf of the Reinvestment Plan participant.

In the case of Shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees that hold Common Shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Reinvestment Plan Agent will administer the Reinvestment Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified from time to time by the record Shareholder and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Reinvestment Plan.

The Reinvestment Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of the reinvestment of distributions will be paid by the Fund. However, each participant will pay a per share fee incurred with respect to the Reinvestment Plan Agent’s open-market purchases in connection with the reinvestment of distributions, which will be deducted from the value of the distributions. Participants that request a sale of Common Shares through the Reinvestment Plan Agent are subject to a $2.50 sales fee and a $0.15 per share fee. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.

VOTING

Each Shareholder proxy will include those Common Shares purchased or received pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan. The Reinvestment Plan Agent will forward all proxy solicitation materials to participants and vote proxies for Common Shares held pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan in accordance with the instructions of the participants.

TAXATION

The automatic reinvestment of distributions will not relieve participants of any U.S. federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such distributions.

 

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AMENDMENT OF THE REINVESTMENT PLAN

The Reinvestment Plan may be amended or terminated by the Fund. There is no direct service charge to participants with regard to purchases in the Reinvestment Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Reinvestment Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Notice will be sent to Reinvestment Plan participants of any amendments as soon as practicable after such action by the Fund.

INQUIRIES REGARDING THE REINVESTMENT PLAN

All correspondence concerning the Reinvestment Plan should be directed to the Reinvestment Plan Agent, through the internet at www.computershare.com/blackrock, or in writing to Computershare, P. O. Box 505000, Louisville, KY 40233, Telephone: (800) 699-1236. Overnight correspondence should be directed to the Reinvestment Plan Agent at Computershare, 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202.

APPLICABLE LAW

These terms and conditions shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York without regard to its conflicts of laws provisions.

EXECUTION

To record the adoption of the Reinvestment Plan as of                 , 2022, the Fund has caused this Reinvestment Plan to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Fund by a duly authorized officer.

 

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BY AND ON BEHALF OF
BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

 

By:
Title:

 

Signature Page to Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Exhibit (g)(1)

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT, dated [●], 2022, between BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “Fund”), a Maryland statutory trust, and BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”), a Delaware limited liability company.

WHEREAS, the Advisor has agreed to furnish investment advisory services to the Fund, a closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”); and

WHEREAS, this Agreement has been approved in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, and the Advisor is willing to furnish such services upon the terms and conditions herein set forth.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, it is agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows:

1.    In General. The Advisor agrees, all as more fully set forth herein, to act as investment advisor to the Fund with respect to the investment of the Fund’s assets and to supervise and arrange for the day-to-day operations of the Fund and the purchase of securities for and the sale of securities held in the investment portfolio of the Fund.

2.    Duties and Obligations of the Advisor with Respect to Investment of Assets of the Fund. Subject to the succeeding provisions of this section and subject to the direction and control of the Fund’s Board of Trustees, the Advisor shall (i) act as investment advisor for and supervise and manage the investment and reinvestment of the Fund’s assets and in connection therewith have complete discretion in purchasing and selling securities and other assets for the Fund and in voting, exercising consents and exercising all other rights appertaining to such securities and other assets on behalf of the Fund; (ii) supervise continuously the investment program of the Fund and the composition of its investment portfolio; (iii) arrange, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 hereof, for the purchase and sale of securities and other assets held in the investment portfolios of the Fund; and (iv) provide investment research to the Fund.

3.    Duties and Obligations of Advisor with Respect to the Administration of the Fund. The Advisor also agrees to furnish office facilities and equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and administrative services (other than such services, if any, provided by the Fund’s custodian, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent and other service providers, as the case may be) for the Fund. To the extent requested by the Fund, the Advisor agrees to provide the following administrative services:

(a)    Oversee the determination and publication of the Fund’s net asset value in accordance with the Fund’s policy as adopted from time to time by the Board of Trustees of the Fund;


(b)    Oversee the maintenance by the Fund’s custodian, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent, as the case may be, of certain books and records of the Fund as required under Rule 31a-1(b)(4) of the 1940 Act and maintain (or oversee maintenance by such other persons as approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund) such other books and records required by law or for the proper operation of the Fund;

(c)    Oversee the preparation and filing of the Fund’s federal, state and local income tax returns, as applicable, and any other required tax returns;

(d)    Review the appropriateness of and arrange for payment of the Fund’s expenses;

(e)    Prepare for review and approval by officers of the Fund, financial information for the Fund’s semi-annual and annual reports, proxy statements and other communications with shareholders required or otherwise to be sent to Fund shareholders, and arrange for the printing and dissemination of such reports and communications to shareholders;

(f)    Prepare for review by an officer of the Fund, the Fund’s periodic financial reports required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form N-CEN, Form N-CSR, Form N-PX, Form N-PORT, and such other reports, forms and filings, as may be mutually agreed upon;

(g)    Prepare such reports relating to the business and affairs of the Fund as may be mutually agreed upon and not otherwise appropriately prepared by the Fund’s custodian, counsel or auditors;

(h)    Prepare such information and reports as may be required by any stock exchange or exchanges on which the Fund’s shares are listed;

(i)    Make such reports and recommendations to the Board of Trustees of the Fund concerning the performance of the independent accountants as the Board of Trustees of the Fund may reasonably request or deems appropriate;

(j)    Make such reports and recommendations to the Board of Trustees of the Fund concerning the performance and fees of the Fund’s custodian, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent, as the case may be, as the Board of Trustees of the Fund may reasonably request or deems appropriate;

(k)    Oversee and review calculations of fees paid to the Fund’s service providers;

(l)    Oversee the Fund’s portfolios and perform necessary calculations as required under Section 18 of the 1940 Act;

(m)    Consult with the Fund’s officers, independent accountants, legal counsel, custodian, accounting agent, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent, as the case may be, in establishing the accounting policies of the Fund and monitor financial and shareholder accounting services;

 

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(n)    Review implementation of any share repurchase programs authorized by the Board of Trustees of the Fund;

(o)    Determine the amounts available for distribution as dividends and distributions to be paid by the Fund to its shareholders; prepare and arrange for the printing of dividend notices to shareholders; and provide the Fund’s dividend disbursing agent and custodian with such information as is required for such parties to effect the payment of dividends and distributions and to implement the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan;

(p)    Prepare such information and reports as may be required by any banks from which the Fund borrows funds;

(q)    Provide such assistance to the Fund’s custodian, counsel and auditors as generally may be required to properly carry on the business and operations of the Fund;

(r)    Assist in the preparation and filing of Forms 3, 4, and 5 pursuant to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 30(h) of the 1940 Act for the Trustees and officers of the Fund, such filings to be based on information provided by those persons;

(s)    Respond to or refer to the Fund’s officers or transfer agent, any shareholder (including any potential shareholder) inquiries relating to the Fund; and

(t)    Supervise any other aspects of the Fund’s administration as may be agreed to by the Fund and the Advisor.

All services are to be furnished through the medium of any trustees, officers or employees of the Advisor or its affiliates as the Advisor deems appropriate in order to fulfill its obligations hereunder. The Advisor may from time to time, in its sole discretion to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisors, including, without limitation, affiliates of the Advisor, to perform investment advisory services with respect to the Fund, or assign all or a portion of this Agreement to any of its affiliates. The Advisor may terminate any or all sub-advisors in its sole discretion at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.

The Fund will reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for all out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with the performance of the administrative services described in this paragraph 3.

4.    Covenants. (a) In the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Advisor shall at all times conform to, and act in accordance with, any requirements imposed by: (i) the provisions of the 1940 Act, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and all applicable Rules and Regulations of the SEC; (ii) any other applicable provision of law; (iii) the provisions of the

 

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Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Bylaws of the Fund, as such documents are amended from time to time; (iv) the investment objectives and policies of the Fund as set forth in its Registration Statement on Form N-2; and (v) any policies and determinations of the Board of Trustees of the Fund; and

(b)    In addition, the Advisor will:

(i)    place orders either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer. Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph, in placing orders with brokers and dealers, the Advisor will attempt to obtain the best price and the most favorable execution of its orders. In placing orders, the Advisor will consider the experience and skill of the firm’s securities traders as well as the firm’s financial responsibility and administrative efficiency. Consistent with this obligation, the Advisor may select brokers on the basis of the research, statistical and pricing services they provide to the Fund and other clients of the Advisor. Information and research received from such brokers will be in addition to, and not in lieu of, the services required to be performed by the Advisor hereunder. A commission paid to such brokers may be higher than that which another qualified broker would have charged for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Advisor determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in terms either of the transaction or the overall responsibility of the Advisor to the Fund and its other clients and that the total commissions paid by the Fund will be reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Fund over the long-term. In no instance, however, will the Fund’s securities be purchased from or sold to the Advisor, or any affiliated person thereof, except to the extent permitted by the SEC or by applicable law;

(ii)    maintain a policy and practice of conducting its investment advisory services hereunder independently of the commercial banking operations of its affiliates. When the Advisor makes investment recommendations for the Fund, its investment advisory personnel will not inquire or take into consideration whether the issuer of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Fund’s accounts are customers of the commercial department of its affiliates; and

(iii)    treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund all records and other information relative to the Fund, and the Fund’s prior, current or potential shareholders, and will not use such records and information for any purpose other than performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where the Advisor may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, or when so requested by the Fund.

5.    Services Not Exclusive. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Advisor or any officer, employee or other affiliate thereof from acting as investment advisor for any other person, firm or corporation, or from engaging in any other lawful activity, and shall not in any way limit or restrict the Advisor or any of its officers,

 

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employees or agents from buying, selling or trading any securities for its or their own accounts or for the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting; provided, however, that the Advisor will undertake no activities which, in its judgment, will adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.

6.    Books and Records. In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Advisor hereby agrees that all records which it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund, and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Fund any such records upon the Fund’s request. The Advisor further agrees to preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act the records required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act.

7.    Agency Cross Transactions. From time to time, the Advisor or brokers or dealers affiliated with it may find themselves in a position to buy for certain of their brokerage clients (each an “Account”) securities which the Advisor’s investment advisory clients wish to sell, and to sell for certain of their brokerage clients securities which advisory clients wish to buy. Where one of the parties is an advisory client, the Advisor or the affiliated broker or dealer cannot participate in this type of transaction (known as a cross transaction) on behalf of an advisory client and retain commissions from one or both parties to the transaction without the advisory client’s consent. This is because in a situation where the Advisor is making the investment decision (as opposed to a brokerage client who makes his own investment decisions), and the Advisor or an affiliate is receiving commissions from both sides of the transaction, there is a potential conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities on the Advisor’s part regarding the advisory client. The SEC has adopted a rule under the Advisers Act, which permits the Advisor or its affiliates to participate on behalf of an Account in agency cross transactions if the advisory client has given written consent in advance. By execution of this Agreement, the Fund authorizes the Advisor or its affiliates to participate in agency cross transactions involving an Account. The Fund may revoke its consent at any time by written notice to the Advisor.

8.    Expenses. During the term of this Agreement, the Advisor will bear all costs and expenses of its employees and any overhead incurred in connection with its duties hereunder and shall bear the costs of any salaries or Trustees’ fees of any officers or Trustees of the Fund who are affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Advisor; provided that the Board of Trustees of the Fund may approve reimbursements to the Advisor of the pro rata portion of the salaries, bonuses, health insurance, retirement benefits and all similar employment costs for the time spent on the Fund’s operations (including, without limitation, compliance matters) (other than the provision of investment advice and administrative services required to be provided hereunder) of all personnel employed by the Advisor who devote substantial time to the Fund’s operations or the operations of other investment companies advised by the Advisor.

9.    Compensation of the Advisor. (a) The Fund agrees to pay to the Advisor and the Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation for all services rendered by the Advisor pursuant to this Agreement, an aggregate monthly fee in arrears at an annual rate equal to 0.55% of the sum of the average daily value of the Managed Assets of the Fund. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).

 

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For any period less than a month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month of 28, 29, 30 or 31 days, as the case may be.

(b)    For purposes of this Agreement, the Managed Assets of the Fund shall be calculated pursuant to the procedures adopted by resolutions of the Board of Trustees of the Fund for calculating the value of the Fund’s assets or delegating such calculations to third parties.

10.    Indemnity. (a) The Fund may, with the prior consent of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the Trustees of the Fund who are not “interested persons” of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act), indemnify the Advisor, and each of the Advisor’s trustees, officers, employees, agents, associates and controlling persons and the trustees, partners, members, officers, employees and agents thereof (including any individual who serves at the Advisor’s request as trustee, officer, partner, member, trustee or the like of another entity) (each such person being an “Indemnitee”) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees (all as provided in accordance with applicable state law) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which such Indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Indemnitee may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth herein or thereafter by reason of such Indemnitee having acted in any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which such Indemnitee shall have been adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Indemnitee’s action was in the best interest of the Fund and furthermore, in the case of any criminal proceeding, so long as such Indemnitee had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful; provided, however, that (1) no Indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders or any expense of such Indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Indemnitee’s position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as “disabling conduct”), (2) as to any matter disposed of by settlement or a compromise payment by such Indemnitee, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, no indemnification either for said payment or for any other expenses shall be provided unless there has been a determination that such settlement or compromise is in the best interests of the Fund and that such Indemnitee appears to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Indemnitee’s action was in the best interest of the Fund and did not involve disabling conduct by such Indemnitee and (3) with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any Indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such Indemnitee was authorized by a majority of the full Board of Trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the Trustees of the Fund who are not “interested persons” of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act).

 

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(b)    The Fund may make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Fund receives a written affirmation of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that such Indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if the Trustees of the Fund determine that the facts then known to them would not preclude indemnification. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (A) the Indemnitee shall provide security for such Indemnitee undertaking, (B) the Fund shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any unlawful advance, or (C) a majority of a quorum consisting of Trustees of the Fund who are neither “interested persons” of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) nor parties to the proceeding (“Disinterested Non-Party Trustees”) or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

(c)    All determinations with respect to the standards for indemnification hereunder shall be made (1) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that such Indemnitee is not liable or is not liable by reason of disabling conduct, or (2) in the absence of such a decision, by (i) a majority vote of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees of the Fund, or (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, if a majority vote of such quorum so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion. All determinations that advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and shall be made in accordance with the immediately preceding clause (2) above.

The rights accruing to any Indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right to which such Indemnitee may be lawfully entitled.

11.    Limitation on Liability. (a) The Advisor will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Advisor or by the Fund in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its duties under this Agreement.

(b)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that this Agreement is executed by the Trustees and/or officers of the Fund, not individually but as such Trustees and/or officers of the Fund, and the obligations hereunder are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers individually but bind only the Fund.

 

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12.    Duration and Termination.

(a)    This Agreement shall become effective on the date hereof and, unless sooner terminated with respect to the Fund as provided herein, shall continue in effect for a period of two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to the Fund for successive periods of 12 months, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (a) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, and (b) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person (or otherwise, as consistent with applicable laws, regulations and related guidance and relief) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, upon giving the Advisor 60 days’ written notice (which notice may be waived by the Advisor), provided that such termination by the Fund shall be directed or approved by the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Fund in office at the time or by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, or by the Advisor on 60 days’ written notice (which notice may be waived by the Fund). This Agreement will also immediately terminate in the event of its assignment. (As used in this Agreement, the terms “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested person” and “assignment” shall have the same meanings of such terms in the 1940 Act.)

13.    Notices. Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing to the other party at such address as the other party may designate from time to time for the receipt of such notice and shall be deemed to be received on the earlier of the date actually received or on the fourth day after the postmark if such notice is mailed first class postage prepaid.

14.    Amendment of this Agreement. No provision of this Agreement may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing signed by the party against which enforcement of the change, waiver, discharge or termination is sought. Any amendment of this Agreement shall be subject to the 1940 Act.

15.    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York for contracts to be performed entirely therein without reference to choice of law principles thereof and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act.

16.    Use of the Name BlackRock. The Advisor has consented to the use by the Fund of the name or identifying word “BlackRock” in the name of the Fund. Such consent is conditioned upon the employment of the Advisor as the investment advisor to the Fund. The name or identifying word “BlackRock” may be used from time to time in other connections and for other purposes by the Advisor and any of its affiliates. The Advisor may require the Fund to cease using “BlackRock” in the name of the Fund, if the Fund ceases to employ, for any reason, the Advisor, any successor thereto or any affiliate

 

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thereof as investment advisor of the Fund. If so required by the Advisor, the Fund will cease using “BlackRock” in its name as promptly as practicable and make all reasonable efforts to remove “BlackRock” from its name including calling a special meeting of shareholders.

17.    Miscellaneous. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. This Agreement shall be binding on, and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors.

18.    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts by the parties hereto, each of which shall constitute an original counterpart, and all of which, together, shall constitute one Agreement.

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused the foregoing instrument to be executed by their duly authorized officers, all as of the day and the year first above written.

 

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

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Exhibit (g)(2)

Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDED AND RESTATED MASTER ADVISORY FEE WAIVER AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made as of December 1, 2019, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a closed-end management company, and is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, the Adviser and each Fund are parties to investment advisory agreements (the “Advisory Agreements”), pursuant to which the Adviser provides investment advisory services to each Fund in consideration of compensation as set forth in each Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Fee”);

WHEREAS, the Adviser has determined that it is appropriate and in the best interests of each Fund and its interestholders to waive part of each Fund’s Advisory Fee as set forth in Schedule B attached hereto (the “Fee Waiver”). Each Fund and the Adviser, therefore, have entered into this Agreement in order to effect the Fee Waiver for each Fund at the level specified in Schedule B attached hereto on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement; and

WHEREAS, effective December 1, 2019, this Agreement replaces the Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement, dated as of December 2, 2016.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.    Contractual Fee Waiver. During the Term (as defined in Section 3 below), the Adviser shall waive a portion of its Advisory Fee with respect to each Fund as set forth in Schedule B attached hereto.

2.    Voluntary Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement. Nothing herein shall preclude an Adviser from contractually waiving other fees and/or reimbursing expenses of any Fund, voluntarily waiving Advisory Fees it is entitled to from any Fund or voluntarily reimbursing expenses of any Fund as the Adviser, in its discretion, deems reasonable or appropriate. Any such voluntary waiver or voluntary expense reimbursement may be modified or terminated by the Adviser at any time in its sole and absolute discretion without the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as the case may be.

3.     Term; Termination.

3.1    Term. This Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to each Fund until the close of business on the date set forth on Schedule A (or such other date as agreed to in writing between the Adviser and the Fund) unless the Fee Waiver is earlier terminated in accordance with

 

1


Section 3.2. The Term of the Fee Waiver with respect to a Fund may be continued from year to year thereafter provided that each such continuance is specifically approved by the Adviser and the Fund (including with respect to the Fund, a majority of the Fund’s Trustees or Directors, as the case may be, who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund (the “Non-Interested Directors”)). Neither the Adviser nor a Fund shall be obligated to extend the Fee Waiver with respect to the Fund.

3.2    Termination. This Agreement may be terminated prior to expiration by any Fund with respect to such Fund without payment of any penalty, upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the Adviser at its principal place of business (or at an earlier date as may be agreed to by both parties); provided that, such action shall be authorized by resolution of a majority of the Non-Interested Directors of such Fund or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund.

4.     Miscellaneous.

4.1    Captions. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no other way define or delineate any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.

4.2    Interpretation. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to require a Fund to take any action contrary to the Fund’s Declaration of Trust or Articles of Incorporation, as the case may be, or Bylaws, or any applicable statutory or regulatory requirement to which it is subject or by which it is bound, or to relieve or deprive the Fund’s Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as the case may be, of its responsibility for and control of the conduct of the affairs of the Fund.

4.3    Limitation of Liability. The obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a Fund shall be enforced against the assets of such Fund and not against the assets of any other Fund.

4.4    Definitions. Any question of interpretation of any term or provision of this Agreement, including but not limited to the computations of average daily net assets or of any Advisory Fee, and the allocation of expenses, having a counterpart in or otherwise derived from the terms and provisions of the relevant Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Fund or the 1940 Act, shall have the same meaning as and be resolved by reference to such Advisory Agreement or the 1940 Act, as applicable, and to interpretations thereof, if any, by the United States Courts or in the absence of any controlling decision of any such Court, by rules, regulations or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued pursuant to the 1940 Act. In addition, if the effect of a requirement of the 1940 Act reflected in any provision of this Agreement is revised by rule, regulation or order of the SEC, that provision will be deemed to incorporate the effect of that rule, regulation or order. Otherwise the provisions of this Agreement will be interpreted in accordance with the substantive laws of the State of New York.

4.5    Business Trusts. With respect to a Fund which is a business trust, this Agreement is executed by or on behalf of the trustees of the Fund solely in their capacity as such trustees, and shall not constitute their personal obligation either jointly or severally in their individual

 

2


capacities. In accordance with the Fund’s charter, no trustee, shareholder, officer, employee or agent of the Fund shall be held to any personal liability, nor shall resort be had to their private property for the satisfaction of any obligation or claim or otherwise under this Agreement and the Fund shall be solely liable therefor; all parties hereto shall look solely to the Fund property for the payment of any claim, or the performance of any obligation, hereunder.

[Signature Page Follows]

 

3


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO
By:  

/s/ John M. Perlowski

  Name:   John M. Perlowski
  Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

  Name:   Neal J. Andrews
  Title:   Managing Director

 

4


SCHEDULE A

Amended and Restated

Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of December 1, 2019)

 

    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
1.    BBN    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
2.    BFZ    BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2021
3.    BHK    BlackRock Core Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
4.    HYT    BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
5.    BTZ    BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust    June 30, 2021
6.    DSU    BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
7.    BGR    BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust    June 30, 2021
8.    CII    BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
9.    BDJ    BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust    June 30, 2021
10.    EGF    BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
11.    FRA    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
12.    BGT    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust    June 30, 2021
13.    BFO    BlackRock Florida Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2021
14.    BOE    BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust    June 30, 2021
15.    BME    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust    June 30, 2021
16.    BKT    BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2021
17.    BGY    BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust    June 30, 2021
18.    BKN    BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2021
19.    BLW    BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust    June 30, 2021
20.    BTA    BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust    June 30, 2021
21.    BZM    BlackRock Maryland Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
22.    MHE    BlackRock Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Trust    June 30, 2021

 

5


    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
23.    BIT    BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust    June 30, 2021
24.    MUI    BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
25.    MNE    BlackRock Muni New York Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
26.    MUA    BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
27.    BKK    BlackRock Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2021
28.    BBK    BlackRock Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
29.    BAF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Quality Trust    June 30, 2021
30.    BBF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Trust    June 30, 2021
31.    BYM    BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2021
32.    BFK    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2021
33.    BLE    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2021
34.    BTT    BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust    June 30, 2021
35.    MEN    BlackRock MuniEnhanced Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
36.    MUC    BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
37.    MUH    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
38.    MHD    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
39.    MFL    BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2021
40.    MUJ    BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
41.    MHN    BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
42.    MUE    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
43.    MUS    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
44.    MVT    BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
45.    MVF    BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
46.    MZA    BlackRock MuniYield Arizona Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
47.    MYC    BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
48.    MCA    BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
49.    MYD    BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
50.    MYF    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Fund    June 30, 2021
51.    MFT    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2021
52.    MIY    BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
53.    MYJ    BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
54.    MYN    BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021

 

6


    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
55.    MPA    BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund    June 30, 2021
56.    MQT    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
57.    MYI    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.    June 30, 2021
58.    MQY    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
59.    BQH    BlackRock New York Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
60.    BSE    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2021
61.    BNY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2021
62.    BFY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2021
63.    BCX    BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust    June 30, 2021
64.    BST    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust    June 30, 2021
65.    BUI    BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2021
66.    BHV    BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
67.    BSD    The BlackRock Strategic Municipal Trust    June 30, 2021
68.    BGIO    BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunity Trust    June 30, 2021
69.       BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2021
70.       BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II    June 30, 2021
71.       BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund    June 30, 2021
72.    BSTZ    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II    June 30, 2021

 

7


Schedule B

Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of December 1, 2019)

BlackRock Advisors, LLC will waive its investment advisory fees with respect to any portion of the Fund’s assets estimated to be attributable to investments in equity and fixed-income mutual funds and exchange-traded funds managed by BlackRock Advisors, LLC or its affiliates.

In addition, BlackRock Advisors, LLC will waive its investment advisory fees by the amount of investment advisory fees the Fund pays to BlackRock Advisors, LLC or its affiliates indirectly through its investment in money market funds advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC or its affiliates.

 

8

Exhibit (g)(3)

Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDMENT NO. 1 (this “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated December 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”) is made as of this 24th day of January, 2020, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a closed-end management company;

WHEREAS, each Fund that is currently party to the Agreement is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II (the “New Fund”) is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Funds desire to amend and restate Schedule A to the Agreement to reflect the addition of the New Fund as a party to the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.     Schedule A to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with Schedule A attached hereto.

2.     

(a)     Except as expressly amended and provided herein, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Amendment with respect to the New Fund and the terms of the Agreement, this Amendment shall control.

(b)     This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO
By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

  Name: Neal J. Andrews
  Title: Chief Financial Officer
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

  Name: Neal J. Andrews
  Title: Managing Director

[Signature Page to Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement]


AMENDED AND RESTATED SCHEDULE A

Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of January 24, 2020)

 

    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
1.    BBN    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
2.    BFZ    BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2021
3.    BHK    BlackRock Core Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
4.    HYT    BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
5.    BTZ    BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust    June 30, 2021
6.    DSU    BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
7.    BGR    BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust    June 30, 2021
8.    CII    BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
9.    BDJ    BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust    June 30, 2021
10.    EGF    BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
11.    FRA    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
12.    BGT    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust    June 30, 2021
13.    BFO    BlackRock Florida Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2021
14.    BOE    BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust    June 30, 2021
15.    BME    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust    June 30, 2021
16.    BKT    BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2021
17.    BGY    BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust    June 30, 2021
18.    BKN    BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2021
19.    BLW    BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust    June 30, 2021
20.    BTA    BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust    June 30, 2021

 

A-1


    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
21.    BZM    BlackRock Maryland Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
22.    MHE    BlackRock Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Trust    June 30, 2021
23.    BIT    BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust    June 30, 2021
24.    MUI    BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
25.    MNE    BlackRock Muni New York Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
26.    MUA    BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
27.    BKK    BlackRock Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2021
28.    BBK    BlackRock Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
29.    BAF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Quality Trust    June 30, 2021
30.    BBF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Trust    June 30, 2021
31.    BYM    BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2021
32.    BFK    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2021
33.    BLE    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2021
34.    BTT    BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust    June 30, 2021
35.    MEN    BlackRock MuniEnhanced Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
36.    MUC    BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
37.    MUH    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
38.    MHD    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
39.    MFL    BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2021
40.    MUJ    BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
41.    MHN    BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
42.    MUE    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021

 

A-2


    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
43.    MUS    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
44.    MVT    BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
45.    MVF    BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
46.    MZA    BlackRock MuniYield Arizona Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
47.    MYC    BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
48.    MCA    BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
49.    MYD    BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
50.    MYF    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Fund    June 30, 2021
51.    MFT    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2021
52.    MIY    BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
53.    MYJ    BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
54.    MYN    BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
55.    MPA    BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund    June 30, 2021
56.    MQT    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2021
57.    MYI    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.    June 30, 2021
58.    MQY    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2021
59.    BQH    BlackRock New York Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
60.    BSE    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2021
61.    BNY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2021
62.    BFY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2021
63.    BCX    BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust    June 30, 2021
64.    BST    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust    June 30, 2021

 

A-3


    

TICKER

  

FUND

   EXPIRATION
DATE
65.    BUI    BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2021
66.    BHV    BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2021
67.    BSD    The BlackRock Strategic Municipal Trust    June 30, 2021
68.    BGIO    BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunity Trust    June 30, 2021
69.       BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2021
70.       BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II    June 30, 2021
71.       BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund    June 30, 2021
72.    BSTZ    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II    June 30, 2021
73.    BMEZ    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II    June 30, 2021

 

A-4

Exhibit (g)(4)

Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDMENT NO. 2 (this “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated December 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”) is made as of this 18th day of September, 2020, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a closed-end management company;

WHEREAS, each Fund that is currently party to the Agreement is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland or a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust (the “New Fund”) is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Funds desire to amend and restate Schedule A to the Agreement to reflect the addition of the New Fund as a party to the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.     Schedule A to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with Schedule A attached hereto.

2.     

 

  (a)

Except as expressly amended and provided herein, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Amendment with respect to the New Fund and the terms of the Agreement, this Amendment shall control.

 

  (b)

This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO
By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

  Name: Neal J. Andrews
  Title: Chief Financial Officer
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

  Name: Neal J. Andrews
  Title: Managing Director

[Signature Page to Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement]


AMENDED AND RESTATED SCHEDULE A

Closed-End Fund Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of September 18, 2020)

 

    

TICKER

  

FUND

  

EXPIRATION
DATE

1.    BBN    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
2.    BFZ    BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
3.    BHK    BlackRock Core Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
4.    HYT    BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
5.    BTZ    BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust    June 30, 2022
6.    DSU    BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
7.    BGR    BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust    June 30, 2022
8.    CII    BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
9.    BDJ    BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022
10.    EGF    BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
11.    FRA    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
12.    BGT    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust    June 30, 2022
13.    BFO    BlackRock Florida Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2022
14.    BOE    BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022
15.    BME    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust    June 30, 2022
16.    BKT    BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2022
17.    BGY    BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022
18.    BKN    BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2022
19.    BLW    BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust    June 30, 2022

 

A-1


    

TICKER

  

FUND

  

EXPIRATION
DATE

20.    BTA    BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust    June 30, 2022
21.    BZM    BlackRock Maryland Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
22.    MHE    BlackRock Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Trust    June 30, 2022
23.    BIT    BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust    June 30, 2022
24.    MUI    BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
25.    MUA    BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
26.    BKK    BlackRock Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2022
27.    BBK    BlackRock Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
28.    BAF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Quality Trust    June 30, 2022
29.    BBF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Trust    June 30, 2022
30.    BYM    BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2022
31.    BFK    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
32.    BLE    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2022
33.    BTT    BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust    June 30, 2022
34.    MEN    BlackRock MuniEnhanced Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
35.    MUC    BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
36.    MUH    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022
37.    MHD    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
38.    MFL    BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2022
39.    MUJ    BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
40.    MHN    BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
41.    MUE    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022

 

A-2


    

TICKER

  

FUND

  

EXPIRATION
DATE

42.    MUS    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
43.    MVT    BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022
44.    MVF    BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
45.    MZA    BlackRock MuniYield Arizona Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
46.    MYC    BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
47.    MCA    BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
48.    MYD    BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
49.    MYF    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Fund    June 30, 2022
50.    MFT    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2022
51.    MIY    BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
52.    MYJ    BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
53.    MYN    BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
54.    MPA    BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund    June 30, 2022
55.    MQT    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022
56.    MYI    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.    June 30, 2022
57.    MQY    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
58.    BLJ    BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
59.    BNJ    BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
60.    BQH    BlackRock New York Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
61.    BSE    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2022
62.    BNY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
63.    BFY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2022

 

A-3


    

TICKER

  

FUND

  

EXPIRATION
DATE

64.    BCX    BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust    June 30, 2022
65.    BST    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust    June 30, 2022
66.    BUI    BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022
67.    BHV    BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
68.    BSD    The BlackRock Strategic Municipal Trust    June 30, 2022
69.    BGIO    BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022
70.    —      BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022
71.    —      BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II    June 30, 2022
72.    —      BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund    June 30, 2022
73.    BSTZ    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II    June 30, 2022
74.    BMEZ    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II    June 30, 2022
75.    BCAT    BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust    June 30, 2022

 

A-4

Exhibit (g)(5)

Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDMENT NO. 3 (this “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated December 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”) is made as of this 10th day of February, 2021, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a closed-end management company;

WHEREAS, each Fund that is currently party to the Agreement is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland or a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, BlackRock Private Investments Fund (the “New Fund”) is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Funds desire to amend and restate Schedule A to the Agreement to reflect the addition of the New Fund as a party to the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.    Schedule A to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with Schedule A attached hereto.

2.    

 

  (a)

Except as expressly amended and provided herein, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Amendment with respect to the New Fund and the terms of the Agreement, this Amendment shall control.

 

  (b)

This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON

SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO

By:  

/s/ Trent Walker

  Name:   Trent Walker
  Title:   Chief Financial Officer
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

/s/ John Perlowski

  Name:   John Perlowski
  Title:   Managing Director

 

[Signature Page to Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement]


AMENDED AND RESTATED SCHEDULE A

Closed-End Fund Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of February 10, 2021)

 

     TICKER   

FUND

  

EXPIRATION

DATE

1.

   BBN    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

2.

   BFZ    BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022

3.

   BHK    BlackRock Core Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

4.

   HYT    BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

5.

   BTZ    BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust    June 30, 2022

6.

   DSU    BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

7.

   BGR    BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust    June 30, 2022

8.

   CII    BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

9.

   BDJ    BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022

10.

   EGF    BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

11.

   FRA    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

12.

   BGT    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust    June 30, 2022

13.

   BFO    BlackRock Florida Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2022

14.

   BOE    BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022

15.

   BME    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust    June 30, 2022

16.

   BKT    BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2022

17.

   BGY    BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022

18.

   BKN    BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2022

19.

   BLW    BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust    June 30, 2022

 

A-1


     TICKER   

FUND

  

EXPIRATION

DATE

20.

   BTA    BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust    June 30, 2022

21.

   BZM    BlackRock Maryland Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

22.

   MHE    BlackRock Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Trust    June 30, 2022

23.

   BIT    BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust    June 30, 2022

24.

   MUI    BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

25.

   MNE    BlackRock Muni New York Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

26.

   MUA    BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

27.

   BKK    BlackRock Municipal 2020 Term Trust    June 30, 2022

28.

   BBK    BlackRock Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

29.

   BAF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Quality Trust    June 30, 2022

30.

   BBF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Trust    June 30, 2022

31.

   BYM    BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2022

32.

   BFK    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022

33.

   BLE    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2022

34.

   BTT    BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust    June 30, 2022

35.

   MEN    BlackRock MuniEnhanced Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

36.

   MUC    BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

37.

   MUH    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022

38.

   MHD    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

39.

   MFL    BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2022

40.

   MUJ    BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

41.

   MHN    BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

 

A-2


     TICKER   

FUND

  

EXPIRATION

DATE

42.

   MUE    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022

43.

   MUS    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

44.

   MVT    BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022

45.

   MVF    BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

46.

   MZA    BlackRock MuniYield Arizona Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

47.

   MYC    BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

48.

   MCA    BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

49.

   MYD    BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

50.

   MYF    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Fund    June 30, 2022

51.

   MFT    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2022

52.

   MIY    BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

53.

   MYJ    BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

54.

   MYN    BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

55.

   MPA    BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund    June 30, 2022

56.

   MQT    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022

57.

   MYI    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.    June 30, 2022

58.

   MQY    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022

59.

   BLJ    BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

60.

   BNJ    BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022

61.

   BQH    BlackRock New York Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

62.

   BSE    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2022

63.

   BNY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022

 

A-3


     TICKER   

FUND

  

EXPIRATION

DATE

64.

   BFY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2022

65.

   BCX    BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust    June 30, 2022

66.

   BST    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust    June 30, 2022

67.

   BUI    BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022

68.

   BHV    BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

69.

   BSD    The BlackRock Strategic Municipal Trust    June 30, 2022

70.

   BGIO    BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022

71.

      BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022

72.

      BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II    June 30, 2022

73.

      BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund    June 30, 2022

74.

   BSTZ    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II    June 30, 2022

75.

   BMEZ    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II    June 30, 2022

76.

   BCAT    BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust    June 30, 2022

77.

   BPIF    BlackRock Private Investments Fund    June 30, 2023

 

A-4

Exhibit (g)(6)

Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDMENT NO. 4 (this “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated December 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”) is made as of this 24th day of March, 2021, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a closed-end management company;

WHEREAS, each Fund that is currently party to the Agreement is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland or a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, BlackRock Innovation and Growth Trust is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement;

WHEREAS, BlackRock Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Funds desire to amend and restate Schedule A to the Agreement to reflect the addition of BlackRock Innovation and Growth Trust and BlackRock Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution (together, the “New Funds”) as parties to the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.     Schedule A to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with Schedule A attached hereto.

2.     

 

  (a)

Except as expressly amended and provided herein, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Amendment with respect to the New Funds and the terms of the Agreement, this Amendment shall control.

 

  (b)

This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON

SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO

By:  

/s/ Trent Walker

Name:   Trent Walker
Title:   Chief Financial Officer
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Trent Walker

Name:   Trent Walker
Title:   Managing Director

[Signature Page to Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement]


AMENDED AND RESTATED SCHEDULE A

Closed-End Fund Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of March 24, 2021)

 

1.    BBN    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
2.    BFZ    BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
3.    BHK    BlackRock Core Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
4.    HYT    BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
5.    BTZ    BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust    June 30, 2022
6.    DSU    BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
7.    BGR    BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust    June 30, 2022
8.    CII    BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
9.    BDJ    BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022
10.    EGF    BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
11.    FRA    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
12.    BGT    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust    June 30, 2022
13.    BOE    BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022
14.    BME    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust    June 30, 2022
15.    BKT    BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2022
16.    BGY    BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust    June 30, 2022
17.    BKN    BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2022
18.    BLW    BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust    June 30, 2022
19.    BTA    BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust    June 30, 2022
20.    BZM    BlackRock Maryland Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022

 

A-1


21.    MHE    BlackRock Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Trust    June 30, 2022
22.    BIT    BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust    June 30, 2022
23.    MUI    BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
24.    MUA    BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
25.    BBF    BlackRock Municipal Income Investment Trust    June 30, 2022
26.    BYM    BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2022
27.    BFK    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
28.    BLE    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2022
29.    BTT    BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust    June 30, 2022
30.    MEN    BlackRock MuniEnhanced Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
31.    MUC    BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
32.    MHD    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
33.    MFL    BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2022
34.    MUJ    BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
35.    MHN    BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
36.    MUE    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022
37.    MVT    BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022
38.    MVF    BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
39.    MZA    BlackRock MuniYield Arizona Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
40.    MYC    BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
41.    MCA    BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
42.    MYD    BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
43.    MYF    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Fund    June 30, 2022

 

A-2


44.    MFT    BlackRock MuniYield Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2022
45.    MIY    BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
46.    MYJ    BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
47.    MYN    BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
48.    MPA    BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund    June 30, 2022
49.    MQT    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2022
50.    MYI    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.    June 30, 2022
51.    MQY    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2022
52.    BLJ    BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
53.    BNJ    BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
54.    BSE    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2022
55.    BNY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2022
56.    BFY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2022
57.    BCX    BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust    June 30, 2022
58.    BST    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust    June 30, 2022
59.    BUI    BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022
60.    BHV    BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2022
61.    BSD    The BlackRock Strategic Municipal Trust    June 30, 2022
62.    BGIO    BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022
63.       BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2022
64.       BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II    June 30, 2022
65.       BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund    June 30, 2022
66.    BSTZ    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II    June 30, 2022

 

A-3


67.    BMEZ    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II    June 30, 2022
68.    BCAT    BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust    June 30, 2022
69.    BPIF    BlackRock Private Investments Fund    June 30, 2023
70.    BIGZ    BlackRock Innovation and Growth Trust    June 30, 2023
71.       BlackRock Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution    June 30, 2023

 

A-4

Exhibit (g)(7)

Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDMENT NO. 5 (this “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated December 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”) is made as of this 23rd day of September, 2021, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a closed-end management company;

WHEREAS, each Fund that is currently party to the Agreement is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland or a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, BlackRock ESG Capital Allocation Trust (the “New Fund”) is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Funds desire to amend and restate Schedule A to the Agreement to reflect the addition of the New Fund as a party to the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.     Schedule A to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with Schedule A attached hereto.

2.     

 

  (a)

Except as expressly amended and provided herein, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Amendment with respect to the New Fund and the terms of the Agreement, this Amendment shall control.

 

  (b)

This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON

SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO

By:  

/s/ Trent Walker

  Name: Trent Walker
  Title:   Chief Financial Officer
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Trent Walker

  Name: Trent Walker
  Title:   Managing Director

[Signature Page to Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement]


AMENDED AND RESTATED SCHEDULE A

Closed-End Fund Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of September 23, 2021)

 

1.

   BGIO    BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunity Trust    June 30, 2023

2.

   BFZ    BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2023

3.

   BCAT    BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust    June 30, 2023

4.

   BHK    BlackRock Core Bond Trust    June 30, 2023

5.

   HYT    BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

6.

   BTZ    BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust    June 30, 2023

7.

   CREDX    BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund    June 30, 2023

8.

   DSU    BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

9.

   BGR    BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust    June 30, 2023

10.

   CII    BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

11.

   BDJ    BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust    June 30, 2023

12.

   BOE    BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust    June 30, 2023

13.

   EGF    BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

14.

   BGY    BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust    June 30, 2023

15.

   ECAT    BlackRock ESG Capital Allocation Trust    June 30, 2023

16.

   FRA    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

17.

   BGT    BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust    June 30, 2023

18.

   BME    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust    June 30, 2023

19.

   BMEZ    BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II    June 30, 2023

20.

   GPS    BlackRock Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution    June 30, 2023

 

A-1


21.

   BKT    BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2023

22.

   BIGZ    BlackRock Innovation and Growth Trust    June 30, 2023

23.

   BKN    BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.    June 30, 2023

24.

   BLW    BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust    June 30, 2023

25.

   BTA    BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust    June 30, 2023

26.

   BIT    BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust    June 30, 2023

27.

   MSO    BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2023

28.

   MSO II    BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II    June 30, 2023

29.

   MUI    BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

30.

   MUA    BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

31.

   BTT    BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust    June 30, 2023

32.

   BYM    BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust    June 30, 2023

33.

   BFK    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2023

34.

   BLE    BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II    June 30, 2023

35.

   MUC    BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

36.

   MHD    BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

37.

   MFL    BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund    June 30, 2023

38.

   MUJ    BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

39.

   MHN    BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

40.

   MUE    BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2023

41.

   MVT    BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2023

42.

   MVF    BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

43.

   MYC    BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

 

A-2


44.

   MCA    BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

45.

   MYD    BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

46.

   MIY    BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

47.

   MYJ    BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

48.

   MYN    BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

49.

   MPA    BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund    June 30, 2023

50.

   MQT    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.    June 30, 2023

51.

   MYI    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.    June 30, 2023

52.

   MQY    BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.    June 30, 2023

53.

   BNY    BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust    June 30, 2023

54.

   BPIF    BlackRock Private Investments Fund    June 30, 2023

55.

   BCX    BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust    June 30, 2023

56.

   BST    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust    June 30, 2023

57.

   BSTZ    BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II    June 30, 2023

58.

   BBN    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2023

59.

   BUI    BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust    June 30, 2023

60.

   BHV    BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust    June 30, 2023

 

A-3

Exhibit (g)(8)

Amendment No. 6 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

This AMENDMENT NO. 6 (this “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated December 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”) is made as of this [●] day of [●], 2022, by and among BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) and each investment company listed on Schedule A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a closed-end management company;

WHEREAS, each Fund that is currently party to the Agreement is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland or a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland;

WHEREAS, BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “New Fund”) is a newly organized statutory trust under the laws of the State of Maryland and desires to be added as a party to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Funds desire to amend and restate Schedule A to the Agreement to reflect the addition of the New Fund as a party to the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.     Schedule A to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with Schedule A attached hereto.

2.     

 

  (a)

Except as expressly amended and provided herein, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Amendment with respect to the New Fund and the terms of the Agreement, this Amendment shall control.

 

  (b)

This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

EACH OF THE FUNDS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

- 2 -

[Signature Page to Amendment No. 6 to Amended and Restated Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement]


AMENDED AND RESTATED SCHEDULE A

Closed-End Fund Master Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement

(Dated as of [            ], 2022)

 

1.    BMN   

BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust

  

June 30, 2024

2.    BFZ   

BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

3.    BCAT   

BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust

  

June 30, 2024

4.    BHK   

BlackRock Core Bond Trust

  

June 30, 2024

5.    HYT   

BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

6.    BTZ   

BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

7.    CREDX   

BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund

  

June 30, 2024

8.    DSU   

BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

9.    BGR   

BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust

  

June 30, 2024

10.    CII   

BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

11.    BDJ   

BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust

  

June 30, 2024

12.    BOE   

BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust

  

June 30, 2024

13.    EGF   

BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

14.    BGY   

BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust

  

June 30, 2024

15.    ECAT   

BlackRock ESG Capital Allocation Trust

  

June 30, 2024

16.    FRA   

BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

17.    BGT   

BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

18.    BME   

BlackRock Health Sciences Trust

  

June 30, 2024

19.    BMEZ   

BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II

  

June 30, 2024

20.    GPS   

BlackRock Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution

  

June 30, 2024

21.    BKT   

BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

22.    BIGZ   

BlackRock Innovation and Growth Trust

  

June 30, 2024

 

A-1


23.    BKN   

BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

24.    BLW   

BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

25.    BTA   

BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust

  

June 30, 2024

26.    BIT   

BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

27.    MSO   

BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust

  

June 30, 2024

28.    MSO II   

BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II

  

June 30, 2024

29.    MUI   

BlackRock Muni Intermediate Duration Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

30.    MUA   

BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

31.    BTT   

BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust

  

June 30, 2024

32.    BYM   

BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust

  

June 30, 2024

33.    BFK   

BlackRock Municipal Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

34.    BLE   

BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II

  

June 30, 2024

35.    MUC   

BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

36.    MHD   

BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

37.    MFL   

BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund

  

June 30, 2024

38.    MUJ   

BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

39.    MHN   

BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

40.    MUE   

BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

41.    MVT   

BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

42.    MVF   

BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

43.    MYC   

BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

44.    MCA   

BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

45.    MYD   

BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

 

A-2


46.    MIY   

BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

47.    MYJ   

BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

48.    MYN   

BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

49.    MPA   

BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund

  

June 30, 2024

50.    MQT   

BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

51.    MYI   

BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

52.    MQY   

BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.

  

June 30, 2024

53.    BNY   

BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust

  

June 30, 2024

54.    BPIF   

BlackRock Private Investments Fund

  

June 30, 2024

55.    BCX   

BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust

  

June 30, 2024

56.    BST   

BlackRock Science and Technology Trust

  

June 30, 2024

57.    BSTZ   

BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II

  

June 30, 2024

58.    BBN   

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

  

June 30, 2024

59.    BUI   

BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust

  

June 30, 2024

60.    BHV   

BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust

  

June 30, 2024

 

A-3

Exhibit (i)

THE BLACKROCK FUND COMPLEX

THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN

(Effective as of January 1, 2019)

The purpose of the BlackRock Fund Complex Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) is to provide eligible trustees of Participating Funds the opportunity to defer the receipt of all or a portion of the amounts payable to them as compensation for services rendered as members of the Board of the respective funds. The terms and conditions applicable to Deferred Compensation that is not Grandfathered Deferred Compensation shall be governed by the terms of Appendix A attached hereto.

 

1.

DEFINITIONS

1.1    Definitions. Unless a different meaning is plainly implied by the context, the following terms as used in the Plan shall have the following meanings:

The term “Administrator” shall mean BlackRock Advisors, LLC, in its capacity as the administrator of the Plan on behalf of the Participating Funds; provided, that, BlackRock Advisors, LLC may hire consultants or other third parties to provide administrative services in connection with the Plan.

The term “Advisor” shall mean BlackRock Advisors, LLC and its affiliates.

The term “Board” shall mean the Board of Trustees or Board of Directors of each respective Participating Fund.

The term “Deferral Share Account” shall mean a book entry account maintained to reflect the number and value of shares of Eligible Investments that the Administrator determines could have been purchased with an Eligible Trustee’s Deferred Compensation as provided in this Plan and any earnings thereon.

The term “Eligible Investment” shall mean a fund managed by the Advisor and designated by the Participating Funds from time to time as an investment medium in which such Trustee’s Deferred Compensation shall be deemed to be invested.

The term “Eligible Trustee” shall mean a member of the Board who is not an “interested person” of a Participating Fund or the Adviser, as such term is defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

The term “Exchange” shall mean the principal stock exchange on which common shares of an Eligible Investment that is a closed-end fund trade.

The term “Fair Market Value” shall mean, with respect to a date, on a per share basis, (a) for an Eligible Investment that is a listed closed-end fund, the closing price of such Eligible Investment, as reported on the consolidated tape of the Exchange on such date or, if the Exchange is closed on such date, the next succeeding date on which it is open and (b) for an Eligible Investment that is an open-end fund, the net asset value as determined at the close of business on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) or, if the NYSE is closed, the next succeeding date on which it is open.

The term “Grandfather Deferred Compensation” shall mean all Deferred Compensation amounts which were earned and vested under the Plan as of December 31, 2004. For the avoidance of doubt, neither this amendment and restatement nor any prior amendments or restatements to the Plan are intended to constitute a “material modification” with respect to any amount of Grandfathered Deferred Compensation for purposes of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

The term “Participating Funds” shall mean those registered management investment companies for which the Advisor serves or will serve in the future as investment manager, whether existing at the time of adoption of the Plan


or established at a later date, designated by each respective Board as a fund from which compensation may be deferred by an Eligible Trustee. Participating Funds shall be listed on Schedule A to the Plan from time to time, provided that failure to list a Participating Fund on Schedule A shall not affect its status as a Participating Fund.

The term “Valuation Date” shall mean the last business day of each calendar quarter and any other day upon which the Participating Fund makes valuations of the Deferral Share Accounts.

1.2    Trustees and Directors. Where appearing in the Plan, “Trustee” shall also refer to “Director” and “Board of Trustees” shall also refer to “Board of Directors.”

1.3    Separate Plan for each Participating Fund. The Plan is drafted, and shall be construed, as a separate Plan between each Eligible Trustee and each Participating Fund.

 

2.

DEFERRALS

2.1    Deferral Elections.

(a) An Eligible Trustee that elects to participate in the Plan (a “Participant”) may defer receipt of up to 50% of all annual compensation (including fees for attending meetings) earned by such Eligible Trustee for serving as a member of the Board or as a member of any committee (or subcommittee of such committee) of the Board of which such Eligible Trustee from time to time may be a member (the “Deferred Compensation”). Expenses of attending meetings of the Board, committees of the Board or subcommittees of such committees or other reimbursable expenses may not be deferred.

(b) Deferred Compensation shall be withheld from each payment of compensation by the Participating Fund to the Participant based upon the percentage amount elected by the Participant under Section 2.3 hereof and pursuant to the Participant’s Election Form.

2.2    Manner of Election.

(a) An Eligible Trustee shall elect to participate in the Plan and defer compensation by completing, signing and filing with the Participating Funds an election to defer in such written form as may be prescribed (the “Election”). The Election shall include:

(i) The percentage of compensation to be deferred;

(ii) The method of payment of Deferred Compensation (i.e., in a lump sum or the number of installments);

(iii) The time or times of payment of the Deferred Compensation; and

(iv) Any beneficiary(ies) designated by the Participant pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Plan.

(b) Each Participant’s receipt of compensation shall be deferred until the first to occur of any of the following events:

(i) The date which such Participant ceases to be a Trustee of the Participating Fund;

(ii) A date selected by such Participant as specified on the Participant’s Election;

(iii) A date on which some future event occurs which is not within the Participant’s control, as specified on the Participant’s Election;

(iv) Upon the death of the Participant;

(v) In the sole discretion of the Participating Fund, upon disability or financial hardship of the Participant;

(vi) The effective date of the sale or liquidation of the Participating Fund or to comply with applicable law; or

(vii) Upon termination of the Plan in accordance with Section 4.5 hereof.

 

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2.3

Period of Deferrals.

(a) Any Election by an Eligible Trustee pursuant to the Plan shall be irrevocable from and after the date on which such Election is filed with the Participating Fund and shall be effective to defer compensation of an Eligible Trustee as follows:

(i) As to any Eligible Trustee in office on the original effective date of the Plan (prior to any amendments or restatements) who files an Election no later than thirty (30) days after such effective date, such Election shall be effective to defer any compensation which is earned by the Eligible Trustee after the date of the filing of the Election, or such effective date of the Plan, if later;

(ii) As to any individual who becomes an Eligible Trustee after the original effective date of the Plan and who files an Election within thirty (30) days of becoming an Eligible Trustee, such Election shall be effective to defer any compensation which is earned by the Eligible Trustee after the date of the filing of the Election, or the effective date of the Plan, if later;

(iii) As to any other Eligible Trustee, the Election shall be effective to defer any compensation that is earned from and after the first day of the calendar year next succeeding the calendar year in which the Election is filed; and

(iv) Any Elections in effect on the date this Plan is amended and restated shall remain in effect so that a Participant need not execute new a Election.

(b)    A Participant may revoke such Participant’s Election at any time by filing a written notice of termination with the Participating Fund. Any compensation earned by the Participant after receipt of the notice by the Participating Fund shall be paid currently and no longer deferred as provided in the Plan.

(c)    A Participant who has filed a notice to terminate deferral of compensation may thereafter again file a new Election pursuant to Section 2.2(a) hereof effective for any calendar year subsequent to the calendar year in which the new Election is filed.

 

2.4

Valuation of Deferral Share Account.

(a)    Deferred Compensation will be deferred on the date it otherwise would have been paid to a Participant (the “Deferral Date”). Participating Funds from which Compensation will be deferred will establish a Deferral Share Account for each Participant that will be credited with all or a portion of the Participant’s Deferred Compensation from time to time in accordance with this Plan. The specific Participating Funds that maintain Deferral Share Accounts will be determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion. The amount initially credited to a Participant’s Deferral Share Account in connection with each Deferred Compensation amount shall be determined by reference to the number of whole shares of Eligible Investments that the Deferred Compensation could have purchased at the Fair Market Value per share of such Eligible Investments on a date on or about the Deferral Date (less any brokerage fees payable upon the acquisition of shares of such Eligible Investment in the open market). Deferred Compensation shall be credited to the Deferral Share Account as soon as reasonably practicable after the Deferral Date, as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion. Deferred Compensation not credited to the Deferral Share Account on or about the Deferral Date (e.g., because the remaining amount is not sufficient to purchase an additional whole share of Eligible Investments or for any other reason) shall be credited to the Deferral Share Account as soon as reasonably practicable, as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion (i.e., as soon as such amount, when taken together with other uncredited amounts, is sufficient to purchase a whole share of an Eligible Investment).

(b)    On each Valuation Date, each Deferral Share Account will be credited or debited with the amount of gain or loss that would have been recognized had the Deferral Share Account been invested in the Eligible Investments. If applicable, each Deferral Share Account will be credited with the Fair Market Value of shares that would have been acquired through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributed as if the amount of Deferred Compensation represented by such Deferral Share Account had been invested and reinvested in shares of the Eligible Investments. Each Participating Fund shall, from time to time, further adjust the Participant’s Deferral Share Account to reflect the value which would have been earned as if the amount of Deferred Compensation credited to such Deferral Share Account had been invested and reinvested in shares of the Eligible Investments, as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion in accordance with this Plan.

 

- 3 -


(c)    The Deferral Share Account shall be debited to reflect any distributions as of the date such distributions are made in accordance with Section 3 of the Plan.

 

2.5

Investment of Deferral Share Account.

(a)    The Participating Funds shall from time to time designate one or more funds eligible for investment. A Participant’s deferred amounts shall be allocated among the Eligible Investments in accordance with the allocation percentages set forth on Schedule B to the Plan. If, as the result of the requirement that notional purchases of Eligible Investments be made in whole shares as set forth in Section 2.4 or for any other reason, not all of a Participant’s Deferred Compensation has been credited to the Deferral Share Account, the cash balance of such Deferred Compensation shall be held until the next Valuation Date on which the Administrator determines, in its sole discretion, that it is reasonably practicable to make a notional purchase (debiting the cash balance of the Participant’s Deferred Compensation) of one or more Eligible Investments.

(b)    The Participating Funds may, from time to time, remove any fund from or add any fund to the list of Eligible Investments or amend the applicable allocation percentages set forth on Schedule B to the Plan. If the Participating Funds discontinue an Eligible Investment, the Administrator will redirect amounts deferred in the discontinued Eligible Investment to other Eligible Investments currently in effect.

 

3.

DISTRIBUTIONS FROM DEFERRAL SHARE ACCOUNT

 

3.1

Distribution Election.

The aggregate value of a Participant’s Deferral Share Account and any Deferred Compensation held in cash and not yet credited to a Participant’s Deferral Share Account will be paid in a lump sum or in ten (10) or fewer annual installments, as specified in the Participant’s Election (or Elections). Distributions will be made as of the first business day of January of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the Participant ceases being a Trustee or on such other dates as the Participant may specify in such Election (or Elections), which shall not be earlier than six (6) months following the Election.

(a)    If a Participant elects installment payments, the unpaid balance in the Participant’s Deferral Share Account shall continue to accrue earnings and dividend equivalents (as applicable), computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.4, and shall be prorated and paid over the installment period. The amount of the first payment shall be a fraction of the then Fair Market Value of such Participant’s Deferral Share Account, the numerator of which is one, and the denominator of which is the total number of installments; provided that cash not yet credited to a Participant’s Deferral Share Account, if any, will be added to such amount as a part of the first payment. The amount of each subsequent payment shall be a fraction of the then Fair Market Value of the Participant’s Deferral Share Account remaining after the prior payment, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the total number of installments elected minus the number of installments previously paid.

(b)    All payments shall be in cash; provided, however, if a lump sum payment is elected, the Participant may elect to receive payment in full and fractional shares of the Eligible Investments at Fair Market Value at the time of payment of the amounts credited to the Participant’s Deferral Share Account; provided, further, that any Deferred Compensation held in cash will be distributed in cash. Any such election shall be filed in writing by the Participant with the Participating Fund at least ten (10) business days prior to the date which such payment is to be made.

(c)    A Participant may at any time, and from time to time, change any distribution election applicable to such Participant’s Deferral Share Account, provided that no election to change the timing of any distribution shall be effective unless it is made in writing and received by the Participating Fund at least six (6) months prior to the earlier of (i) the time at which the Participant ceases to be a Trustee or (ii) the time such distribution shall commence.

3.2    Death Prior to Complete Distribution. In the event of a Participant’s death prior to distribution of all amounts in such Participant’s Deferral Share Account, notwithstanding any Election made by the Participant and notwithstanding any other provision set forth herein, the value of such Deferral Share Account plus any Deferred

 

- 4 -


Compensation held in cash shall be paid in a lump sum in accordance with the provisions of the Plan as soon as reasonably possible to the Participant’s designated beneficiary(ies) (the “Beneficiary”) or, if such Beneficiary(ies) does not survive the Participant or no beneficiary is designated, to such Participant’s estate. Any Beneficiary(ies) so designated by a Participant may be changed at any time by notice in writing from such Participant to the Participating Fund. All payments under this Section 3.2 shall otherwise be paid in accordance with Section 3.1 hereof.

 

3.3

Payment in Discretion of Participating Funds.

Amounts deferred hereunder, based on the then adjusted value of the Participant’s Deferral Share Account as of the Valuation Date next following plus any Deferred Compensation held in cash, may become payable to the Participant in the discretion of the Participating Fund:

(a)    Disability. If the Participating Fund finds on the basis of medical evidence satisfactory to it that the Participant is prevented from engaging in any suitable gainful employment or occupation and that such disability will be permanent and continuous during the remainder of such Participant’s life, the Participating Fund shall distribute the amounts in the Participant’s Deferral Share Account plus any Deferred Compensation held in cash in a lump sum or in the number of installments previously selected by the Participant.

(b)    Financial Hardship. If the Participant requests and if the Participant provides evidence of financial hardship, the Participating Fund may, in its sole and absolute discretion, permit a distribution of all or a portion of the Participant’s Deferral Share Account plus any Deferred Compensation held in cash prior to the date on which payments would have commenced under Section 3.1.

 

3.4

Acceleration of Payments.

(a)    In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of a Participating Fund or the distribution of all or substantially all of a Participating Fund’s assets and property to its shareholders (for this purpose a sale, conveyance or transfer of a Participating Fund’s assets to a trust, partnership, association or another corporation in exchange for cash, shares or other securities with the transfer being made subject to, or with the assumption by the transferee of, the liabilities of such Participating Fund shall not be deemed a termination of such Participating Fund or such a distribution), the entire unpaid balance of the Participant’s Deferral Share Account plus any Deferred Compensation held in cash of such Participating Fund shall be paid in a lump sum as of the effective date thereof.

(b)    The Participating Funds are empowered to accelerate the payment of deferred amounts to all Participants and Beneficiaries in the event that there is a change in law which would have the effect of adversely affecting such persons’ rights and benefits under the Plan if acceleration did not occur.

 

4.

MISCELLANEOUS

 

4.1

Statements of Account.

The Participating Funds will furnish each Participant with a statement setting forth the value of such Participant’s Deferral Share Account plus any Deferred Compensation held in cash as of the end of each calendar year and all credits and debits of such Deferral Share Account or to any Deferred Compensation held in cash during such year. Such statements will be furnished no later than sixty (60) days after the end of each calendar year.

 

4.2

Rights in Deferral Share Account.

Credits to the Deferral Share Accounts or to any Deferred Compensation held in cash shall (i) remain part of the general assets of the Participating Funds, (ii) at all times be the sole and absolute property of the Participating Funds and (iii) in no event be deemed to constitute a fund, trust or collateral security for the payment of the Deferred Compensation to which Participants are entitled. The right of the Participant or any Beneficiary or estate to receive future payment of Deferred Compensation under the provisions of the Plan shall be an unsecured claim against the general assets of the Participating Funds, if any, available at the time of payment. A Participating Fund shall not reserve or set aside funds for the payment of its obligations hereunder by any form of trust, escrow, or similar arrangement. The arrangement described in this Plan shall be “unfunded” for U.S. federal income tax purposes and for purposes of the Employee Retirement Security Income Act of 1974, as amended.

 

- 5 -


4.3

Non-Assignability.

The rights and benefits of Participants under the Plan and any other person or persons to whom payments may be made pursuant to the Plan shall not be subject to alienation, assignment, pledge, transfer or other disposition, except as otherwise provided by law.

 

4.4

Interpretation and Administration.

The Participating Funds shall have the general authority to interpret, construe and implement provisions of the Plan and to adopt, alter and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices governing the Plan as shall be from time to time, deemed advisable. Any determination by the Participating Funds shall be final and conclusive.

 

4.5

Amendment and Termination.

The Participating Funds may in their sole discretion amend or terminate the Plan at any time. No amendment or termination shall adversely affect any then existing deferred amounts or rights under the Plan. Upon termination of the Plan, the remaining balance of the Participant’s Deferral Share Account plus any Deferred Compensation held in cash shall be paid to the Participant (or to a beneficiary, as the case may be), in a lump sum as soon as practicable but no more than thirty (30) days following termination of the Plan.

 

4.6

Incapacity.

If the Participating Funds shall receive satisfactory evidence that the Participant or any Beneficiary entitled to receive any benefit under the Plan is, at the time when such benefit becomes payable, a minor, or is physically or mentally incompetent to receive such benefit and to give a valid release therefor, and that another person or an institution is then maintaining or has custody of the Participant or Beneficiary and that no guardian, committee or other representative of the estate of the Participant or Beneficiary shall have been duly appointed, the Participating Funds may make payment of such benefit otherwise payable to the Participant or Beneficiary to such other person or institution and the release of such other person or institution shall be a valid and complete discharge for the payment of such benefit.

 

4.7

Payments Due Missing Persons.

The Participating Funds shall make a reasonable effort to locate all persons entitled to benefits under the Plan. However, notwithstanding any provisions of the Plan to the contrary, if, after a period of five (5) years from the date such benefit shall be due, any such persons entitled to benefits have not been located, their rights under the Plan shall stand suspended. Before this provision becomes operative, the Participating Funds shall send a certified letter to all such persons to their last known address advising them that their benefits under the Plan shall be suspended. Any such suspended amounts shall be held by the Participating Funds for a period of three (3) additional years (or a total of eight (8) years from the time the benefits first become payable) and thereafter, if unclaimed, such amounts shall be forfeited, subject to applicable laws in the jurisdiction in which the respective Participating Fund is organized.

 

4.8

Agents.

The Participating Funds may employ agents and provide for such clerical, legal, actuarial, accounting, advisory or other services as they deem necessary to perform their duties under the Plan. The Participating Funds shall bear the cost of such services and all other expenses incurred in connection with the administration of the Plan.

 

- 6 -


4.9

Governing Law.

All matters concerning the validity, construction and administration of the Plan shall be governed by the laws of the state in which the respective Participating Fund is organized.

 

4.10    Non-Guarantee

of Status.

Nothing contained in the Plan shall be construed as a contract or guarantee of the right of the Participant to be, or remain as, a Trustee of any of the Participating Funds or to receive any, or any particular rate of, compensation from any of the Participating Funds.

 

4.11    Counsel.

The Participating Funds may consult with legal counsel with respect to the meaning or construction of the Plan, their obligations or duties hereunder or with respect to any action or proceeding or any question of law, and they shall be fully protected with respect to any action taken or omitted by them in good faith pursuant to the advice of legal counsel.

 

4.12    Entire

Plan.

The Plan contains the entire understanding between the Participating Funds and the Participant with respect to the payment of non-qualified elective deferred compensation by the Participating Funds to the Participant.

 

4.13    Non-liability

of Administrator and Participating Funds.

Interpretations of, and determinations (including factual determinations) related to, the Plan made by the Administrator or Participating Funds in good faith, including any determinations of the amounts of the Deferral Share Accounts, shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties; and the Administrator, the Participating Funds and their officers and Trustees shall not incur any liability to the Participant for any such interpretation or determination so made or for any other action taken by it in connection with the Plan in good faith.

 

4.14    Successors

and Assigns.

The Plan shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the Participating Funds and their successors and assigns and to the Participants and their heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives.

 

4.15    Severability.

In the event any one or more provisions of the Plan are held to be invalid or unenforceable, such illegality or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions hereof and such other provisions shall remain in full force and effect unaffected by such invalidity or unenforceability.

 

4.16    Rule

16b-3 Compliance.

It is the intention of the Participating Funds that all transactions under the Plan be exempt from liability imposed by Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Therefore, if any transaction under the Plan is found not to be in compliance with Section 16(b), the provision of the Plan governing such transaction shall be deemed amended so that the transaction does so comply and is so exempt, to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Participating Fund, and in all events the Plan shall be construed in favor of its meeting the requirements of an exemption.

 

- 7 -


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Participating Fund has caused this Plan to be executed by one of its duly authorized officers, as of this      day of              2018, to be effective as of January 1, 2019.

 

By:  

                                                                       

Name:  
Title:  

 

Witness:  

                                          

Name:  
Title:  

 

- 8 -


SCHEDULE A

BLACKROCK FUND COMPLEX

THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN

PARTICIPATING FUNDS

Each registered management investment company advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC and governed by the Board is a Participating Fund except as set forth below:

None

 

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SCHEDULE B

(Effective as of January 1, 2019)

ELIGIBLE INVESTMENTS

Equities (20% of Total; 10% to Each Eligible Investment)

 

1.

BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust (NYSE: BDJ)

 

2.

BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE: CII)

Fixed Income (80% of Total; 16% to Each Eligible Investment)

 

1.

BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust (NYSE: BTZ)

 

2.

BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust (NYSE: BLW)

 

3.

BlackRock Total Return Fund, a series of BlackRock Bond Fund, Inc.

 

4.

BlackRock Strategic Income Opportunities Portfolio, a series of BlackRock Funds V

 

5.

BlackRock High Yield Bond Portfolio, a series of BlackRock Funds V

 

- 10 -


BLACKROCK FUND COMPLEX

THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN

Deferral Election Form

This Deferral Election Form applies to any amounts deferred for the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019.

☐  The undersigned hereby elects to participate in the BlackRock Fund Complex Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan (“Plan”) in accordance with the elections made in this Deferral Election Form (“Form”). I understand that the percentage of my compensation set forth below will be deferred under the Plan and “invested” in the funds that are Eligible Investments (as defined in the Plan) in accordance with the allocation percentages set forth on Schedule B to the Plan.

☐  I do not wish to participate in the Plan. (If you checked this box, please stop here.)

 

1.

Initial Enrollment in Deferred Compensation Plan

 

  a.

Amount Deferred

I hereby elect to defer up to     % (not more than 50%) of the annual compensation I earn as a Director/Trustee of the Participating Funds (as defined in the Plan) in respect of the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019.

 

  b.

Time of Payment

I hereby elect for amounts deferred pursuant to this Form, in respect of the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019, to be paid as follows:

☐  On the last business day in January of the calendar year following the calendar year in which I cease to be a Director/Trustee; or

☐  On the following other date:                     

 

  c.

Number of Payments

I hereby elect to receive payment for amounts deferred pursuant to this Form, in respect of the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019:

☐  Entire amount in a lump sum; or

☐  In                      annual installments (not to exceed 10).

 

  d.

Designation of Beneficiary

I hereby:

☐  Designate the beneficiaries reflected in Appendix A hereto; or

☐  I do not wish to designate any beneficiary.

***

I hereby relinquish and release any and all rights to receive payment of the deferred amounts except in accordance with the Plan. I hereby direct and authorize the Administrator (as defined in the Plan) to make payments of deferral amounts as it deems necessary or desirable to facilitate administration of the Plan; provided, that such payments shall be made in accordance with the Plan and the foregoing elections.

 

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Executed this      day of             , 2018.

 

 

Print Name

 

Director’s/Trustee’s Signature

Received and accepted by each of the Eligible Investments (as defined in the Plan):

 

By:  

                                          

Date:  

                                                              

 

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BLACKROCK FUND COMPLEX

THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN

Deferral Election Form

This Deferral Election Form applies to any amounts deferred for the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019.

☐  The undersigned hereby elects to participate in the BlackRock Fund Complex Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan (“Plan”) in accordance with the elections made in this Deferral Election Form (“Form”). I understand that the percentage of my compensation set forth below will be deferred under the Plan and “invested” in the funds that are Eligible Investments (as defined in the Plan) in accordance with the allocation percentages set forth on Schedule B to the Plan.

☐  I do not wish to participate in the Plan. (If you checked this box, please stop here.)

 

1.

Continuation of Past Elections

A copy of my Deferral Election Form from last year is attached hereto and noted below. With respect to the boxes checked below, I would like to continue with the same elections from the prior year.

☐  Amount Deferred (X%)

☐  Time of Payment (January of the calendar year following the calendar year in which I cease to be a Trustee)

☐  Number of Payments (Lump Sum Payment or Installment Payments)

☐  Designation of Beneficiary:

Primary:

Secondary:

(For any category not checked above, please complete the applicable portion of this Form below to reflect your new elections.)

 

2.

Change Elections

 

  a.

Amount Deferred

I hereby elect to defer up to     % (not more than 50%) of the annual compensation I earn as a Director/Trustee of the Participating Funds (as defined in the Plan) in respect of the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019.

 

 

 

  b.

Time of Payment

I hereby elect for amounts deferred pursuant to this Form, in respect of the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019, to be paid as follows:

☐  On the last business day in January of the calendar year following the calendar year in which I cease to be a Director/Trustee; or

☐  On the following other date:                     

 

  c.

Number of Payments

I hereby elect to receive payment for amounts deferred pursuant to this Form, in respect of the calendar year beginning January 1, 2019:

☐  Entire amount in a lump sum; or

 

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☐  In              annual installments (not to exceed 10).

 

  d.

Designation of Beneficiary

I hereby:

☐  Designate the beneficiaries reflected in Appendix A hereto; or

☐  I do not wish to designate any beneficiary.

***

I hereby relinquish and release any and all rights to receive payment of the deferred amounts except in accordance with the Plan. I hereby direct and authorize the Administrator (as defined in the Plan) to make payments of deferral amounts as it deems necessary or desirable to facilitate administration of the Plan; provided, that such payments shall be made in accordance with the Plan and the foregoing elections.

Executed this      day of             , 2018.

 

 

Print Name

 

Director’s/Trustee’s Signature

 

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Received and accepted by each of the Eligible Investments (as defined in the Plan):

 

By:  

                                                              

Date:  

                                          

 

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BLACKROCK FUND COMPLEX

THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN

Designation of Beneficiary

The undersigned hereby designates the person or persons named below as the beneficiary(ies) of any benefits which may become due according to the terms and conditions of the BlackRock Fund Complex Third Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) in the event of my death.

 

☐  To my Estate: or
☐  To the following beneficiaries:
Primary:  

 

 

 

 

 

  (Name, address and relationship) if living, or if not living at my death, to
Secondary:  

 

 

 

 

 

  (Name, address and relationship) if living, or if not living at my death, to my Estate.

I hereby revoke all prior beneficiary designation(s) made under the terms of the Plan by execution of this form.

Executed this      day of             ,         .

 

                                          

Trustee’s Signature

 

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Exhibit (j)

MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

Between

Each BlackRock Entity Listed in Appendix A

And

State Street Bank and Trust Company

Dated as of December 31, 2018


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

1.

  DEFINITIONS      3  

2.

  EMPLOYMENT OF CUSTODIAN      4  

3.

  ACTIVITIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY HELD IN THE UNITED STATES      5  

4.

  PROVISIONS RELATING TO RULES 17F-5 AND 17F-7      6  

5.

  ACTIVITIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY HELD OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES      8  

6.

  FOREIGN EXCHANGE      10  

7.

  TAX SERVICES      12  

8.

  PAYMENT FOR SALES OR REDEMPTIONS OF PORTFOLIO INTERESTS      13  

9.

  PROPER INSTRUCTIONS      13  

10.

  ACTIONS PERMITTED WITHOUT EXPRESS AUTHORITY      14  

11.

  [RESERVED]      14  

12.

  RECORDS      14  

13.

  FUND’S INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS; REPORTS      14  

14.

  CUSTODIAN’S STANDARD OF CARE; EXCULPATION      14  

15.

  COMPENSATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF CUSTODIAN; SECURITY INTEREST      16  

16.

  EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION      17  

17.

  SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN      18  

18.

  REMOTE ACCESS SERVICES ADDENDUM      19  

19.

  LOAN SERVICES ADDENDUM      19  

20.

  GENERAL      19  

 

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MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

This Agreement is made as of December 31, 2018 (this Agreement), between each BlackRock entity identified on Appendix A and each BlackRock entity which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof (in each case, a Fund), including, if applicable, each series of the Fund identified on Appendix A and each series which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the Custodian).

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, each Fund desires for the Custodian to provide certain custodial services relating to securities and other assets of the Fund; and

WHEREAS, the Custodian is willing to provide the services upon the terms contained in this Agreement;

SECTION 1.     DEFINITIONS. In addition to terms defined in Section 4.1 (Rule 17f-5 and Rule 17f-7 related definitions) or elsewhere in this Agreement, (a) terms defined in the UCC have the same meanings herein as therein and (b) the following other terms have the following meanings for purposes of this Agreement:

1940 Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time.

Board means, in relation to a Fund, the board of directors, trustees or other governing body of the Fund.

Client Publications means the general client publications of State Street Bank and Trust Company available from time to time to clients and their investment advisers.

Deposit Account Agreement means the Deposit Account Agreement and Disclosure, as may be amended from time to time, issued by the Custodian and available on the Custodian’s internet customer portal, “my.statestreet.com”.

Domestic securities means securities held within the United States.

Foreign securities means securities primarily held outside of the United States.

Held outside of the United States means not held within the United States.

Held within the United States means (a) in relation to a security or other financial asset, the security or other financial asset (i) is a certificated security registered in the name of the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee or is endorsed to the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee or in blank and the security certificate is located within the United States, (ii) is an uncertificated security or other financial asset registered in the name of the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee at an office located in the United States, or (iii) has given rise to a security entitlement of which the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee is the entitlement holder against a U.S. Securities System or another securities intermediary for which the securities intermediary’s jurisdiction is within the United States, and (b) in relation to cash, the cash is maintained in a deposit account denominated in U.S. dollars with the banking department of the Custodian or with another bank or trust company’s office located in the United States.

Investment Advisor means, in relation to a Portfolio, the investment manager or investment advisor of the Portfolio.

On book currency means (a) U.S. dollars or (b) a foreign currency that, when credited to a deposit account of a customer maintained in the banking department of the Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Custodian maintains on its books as an amount owing as a liability by the Custodian to the customer.

 

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Portfolio means (a) in relation to a Fund that is a series organization, a series of the Fund and (b) in relation to a Fund that is not a series organization, the Fund itself.

Portfolio Interests means beneficial interests in a Portfolio.

Proper Instructions means instructions in accordance with Section 9 received by the Custodian from a Fund, the Fund’s Investment Advisor, or an individual or organization duly authorized by the Fund or the Investment Advisor. The term includes standing instructions.

SEC means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Series organization means an organization that, pursuant to the statute under which the organization is organized, has the following characteristics: (a) the organic record of the organization provides for creation by the organization of one or more series (however denominated) with respect to specified property of the organization, and provides for records to be maintained for each series that identify the property of or associated with the series, (b) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities of, or property of or associated with a particular series is enforceable against the property of or associated with the series only, and not against the property of or associated with the organization or of other series of the organization, and (c) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities or property of the organization is enforceable against the property of the organization only, and not against the property of or associated with any series of the organization.

UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York as in effect from time to time.

Underlying Portfolios” means a group of investment companies as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the 1940 Act.

Underlying Shares” means shares or other securities, issued by a U.S. issuer, of Underlying Portfolios and other registered “investment companies” (as defined in Section 3(a)(1) of the 1940 Act), whether or not in the same “group of investment companies” (as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the 1940 Act).

Underlying Transfer Agent” means State Street Bank and Trust Company or such other organization which may from time to time be appointed by the Fund to act as a transfer agent for the Underlying Portfolios and with respect to which the Custodian is provided with Proper Instructions.

U.S. Securities System” means a securities depository or book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or a “clearing corporation” as defined in Section 8-102 of the UCC.

SECTION 2.    EMPLOYMENT OF CUSTODIAN.

SECTION 2.1    GENERAL. Each Fund hereby employs the Custodian as a custodian of (a) securities and cash of each of the Portfolios and (b) other assets of each of the Portfolios that the Custodian agrees to treat as financial assets. Each Fund, on behalf of each of its Portfolios, agrees to deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Custodian (i) all securities and cash of each Portfolio, (ii) all other assets of each Portfolio that the Fund desires the Custodian, and the Custodian is willing, to treat as a financial asset and (iii) all cash and other proceeds of the securities and financial assets held in custody under this Agreement. The holding of confirmation statements that identify Underlying Shares as being recorded in the Custodian’s name on behalf of the Portfolios will be custody for purposes of this Section 2.1. This Agreement does not require the Custodian to accept or treat any asset that is not a security or cash as a financial asset.

SECTION 2.2     SUB-CUSTODIANS. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall on behalf of a Fund appoint one or more banks, trust companies or other entities located in the United States and designated in the Proper Instructions to act as a sub-custodian for the purposes of effecting such transactions as may be designated by the Fund in the Proper Instructions. The Custodian may place and maintain each Fund’s foreign securities with foreign banking institution sub-custodians employed by the Custodian or foreign securities depositories, all in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 4 and 5. An entity acting in the capacity of Underlying Transfer Agent is not an agent or sub-custodian of the Custodian for purposes of this Agreement.

 

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SECTION 2.3    RELATIONSHIP. With respect to securities and other financial assets, the Custodian is a securities intermediary and the Portfolio is the entitlement holder. With respect to cash maintained in a deposit account and denominated in an “on book” currency, the Custodian is a bank and the Portfolio is the bank’s customer. If cash is maintained in a deposit account with a bank other than the Custodian and the cash is denominated in an “on book” currency, the Custodian is that bank’s customer. The Custodian agrees to treat the claim to the cash as a financial asset for the benefit of the Portfolio. The Custodian does not otherwise agree to treat cash as financial asset. The duties of the Custodian as securities intermediary and bank set forth in the UCC are varied by the terms of this Agreement to the extent that the duties may be varied by agreement under the UCC.

SECTION 3.    ACTIVITIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY HELD IN THE UNITED STATES.

SECTION 3.1    HOLDING SECURITIES. The Custodian may deposit and maintain securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio in a U.S. Securities System in compliance with the conditions of Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of the Portfolio and into which account or accounts may be transferred cash or securities and other financial assets, including securities and financial assets maintained in a U.S. Securities System. The Custodian shall hold and physically segregate for the account of each Portfolio all securities and other financial assets held by the Custodian in the United States, including all domestic securities of the Portfolio, other than (a) securities or other financial assets maintained in a U.S. Securities System and (b) Underlying Shares maintained pursuant to Section 3.6 in an account of an Underlying Transfer Agent. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint any other bank or trust company, qualified under the 1940 Act to act as a custodian in the United States, as the Custodian’s agent to carry out such of the provisions of this Section as the Custodian may from time to time direct. The appointment of any agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its duties hereunder and the Custodian shall be responsible for the acts and omissions of its agents hereunder as if performed by the Custodian hereunder. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion remove a bank or trust company as the Custodian’s agent.

SECTION 3.2    REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES. Domestic securities or other financial assets held by the Custodian and that are not bearer securities shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of any nominee of a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio or of any nominee of the Custodian, or in the name or nominee name of any agent or any sub-custodian permitted hereby. All securities accepted by the Custodian on behalf of the Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement shall be in “street name” or other good delivery form. However, if a Fund directs the Custodian to maintain securities or other financial assets in “street name,” the Custodian shall utilize reasonable efforts only to timely collect income due the Fund on the securities and other financial assets and to notify the Fund of relevant issuer actions including, without limitation, pendency of calls, maturities, tender or exchange offers.

SECTION 3.3    BANK ACCOUNTS. The Custodian shall open and maintain upon the terms of the Deposit Account Agreement a separate deposit account or accounts in the United States in the name of each Portfolio, subject only to draft or order by the Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. The Custodian shall credit to the deposit account or accounts, subject to the provisions hereof, all cash received by the Custodian from or for the account of the Portfolio, other than cash maintained by the Portfolio in a deposit account established and used in accordance with Rule 17f-3 under the 1940 Act. Funds held by the Custodian for a Portfolio may be deposited by the Custodian to its credit as Custodian in the banking department of the Custodian or in such other banks or trust companies as it may in its discretion deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that every such bank or trust company shall be qualified to act as a custodian under the 1940 Act. The funds shall be deposited by the Custodian in its capacity as Custodian and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian only in that capacity.

SECTION 3.4    COLLECTION OF INCOME. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 3.2, the Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to the securities and other financial assets and to which a Portfolio shall be entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business. The Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to bearer domestic securities if, on the date of payment by the issuer, the securities are held by the Custodian or its agent. The Custodian shall present for payment all income items requiring presentation as and when they become due and shall collect interest when due on securities and other financial assets held hereunder. The Custodian shall credit income to the Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. Any credit to the Portfolio in advance of receipt may be reversed when the Custodian determines that payment will not occur in due course, and the Portfolio may be charged at the Custodian’s applicable rate for time credited.

 

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SECTION 3.5    DELIVERY OUT. The Custodian shall release and deliver out domestic securities and other financial assets of a Portfolio held in a U.S. Securities System, or in an account at the Underlying Transfer Agent, only upon receipt of, and in accordance with, Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, specifying the domestic securities or financial assets held in the United States to be delivered out and the person or persons to whom delivery is to be made. The Custodian shall pay out cash of a Portfolio upon receipt of, and in accordance with, Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, specifying the amount of the payment and the person or persons to whom the payment is to be made.

SECTION 3.6    DEPOSIT OF FUND ASSETS WITH THE UNDERLYING TRANSFER AGENT. Underlying Shares of a Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, shall be deposited and held in an account or accounts maintained with an Underlying Transfer Agent. The Custodian’s only responsibilities with respect to the Underlying Shares shall be limited to the following:

 

  1)

Upon receipt of a confirmation or statement from an Underlying Transfer Agent that the Underlying Transfer Agent is holding or maintaining Underlying Shares in the name of the Custodian (or a nominee of the Custodian) for the benefit of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall identify by book-entry that the Underlying Shares are being held by it as custodian for the benefit of the Portfolio.

 

  2)

Upon receipt of Proper Instructions to purchase Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall pay out cash of the Portfolio as so directed to purchase the Underlying Shares and record the payment from the account of the Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

 

  3)

Upon receipt of Proper Instructions for the sale or redemption of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall transfer the Underlying Shares as so directed to sell or redeem the Underlying Shares, record the transfer from the account of the Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records and, upon the Custodian’s receipt of the proceeds of the sale or redemption, record the receipt of the proceeds for the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

SECTION 3.7    PROXIES. The Custodian shall cause to be promptly executed by the registered holder of domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States of a Portfolio, if the securities or other financial assets are registered otherwise than in the name of the Portfolio or a nominee of the Portfolio, all proxies, without indication of the manner in which the proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to the securities or other financial assets.

SECTION 3.8    COMMUNICATIONS. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 3.2, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets being held for the Portfolio. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets whose tender or exchange is sought and from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the applicable Fund for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to Portfolio securities or other financial assets issued in the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian does not support class-action participation by a Fund beyond such forwarding of written information received by the Custodian, except as may otherwise be mutually agreed to in writing between the Custodian and a Fund.

SECTION 4.     PROVISIONS RELATING TO RULES 17F-5 AND 17F-7.

SECTION 4.1.    DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

Country Risk” means all factors reasonably related to the systemic risk of holding Foreign Assets in a particular country. The factors include but are not limited to risks arising from the country’s political environment, economic

 

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and financial infrastructure (including any Eligible Securities Depository operating in the country); prevailing or developing custody, tax and settlement practices; nationalization, expropriation or other government actions; currency restrictions, devaluations or fluctuations; market conditions affecting the orderly execution of securities transactions or the value of assets; the regulation of the banking and securities industries, including changes in market rules; and laws and regulations applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Foreign Assets held in custody in that country.

Covered Foreign Country” means a country listed on Schedule A, which list of countries may be amended from time to time at the request of any Fund and with the agreement of the Foreign Custody Manager.

Eligible Foreign Custodian” has the meaning set forth in Section (a)(1) of Rule 17f-5.

Eligible Securities Depository” has the meaning set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.

Foreign Assets” means, in relation to a Portfolio, any of the Portfolio’s securities or other investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and any cash and cash equivalents that are reasonably necessary to effect transactions of the Portfolio in those investments.

Foreign Custody Manager” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(3) of Rule 17f-5.

Foreign Securities System” means an Eligible Securities Depository listed on Schedule B.

Rule 17f-5” means Rule 17f-5 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

Rule 17f-7” means Rule 17f-7 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

SECTION 4.2.    THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER.

4.2.1    DELEGATION. Each Fund, by resolution adopted by its Board, has delegated to the Custodian, subject to Section (b) of Rule 17f-5, the responsibilities set forth in this Section 4.2 with respect to Foreign Assets of the Portfolios held outside the United States. The Custodian hereby accepts such delegation (the Custodian, in such delegated capacity, the Foreign Custody Manager). By giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Fund, the Foreign Custody Manager may withdraw its acceptance of the delegated responsibilities generally or with respect to a Covered Foreign Country designated in the notice. Following the withdrawal, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Fund generally or, as the case may be, with respect to the Covered Foreign Country so designated.

4.2.2    EXERCISE OF CARE AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER. The Foreign Custody Manager shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of the Foreign Assets would exercise in performing the delegated responsibilities.

4.2.3    FOREIGN CUSTODY ARRANGEMENTS. The Foreign Custody Manager shall be responsible for performing the delegated responsibilities only with respect to Covered Foreign Countries. The Foreign Custody Manager shall list on Schedule A for a Covered Foreign Country each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager to maintain the Foreign Assets of the Portfolios with respect to the Covered Foreign Country. The list of Eligible Foreign Custodians may be amended by the Foreign Custody Manager from time to time upon notice to the Funds in the sole discretion of the Foreign Custody Manager. This Agreement constitutes a Proper Instruction by a Fund, on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, to open an account, and to place and maintain Foreign Assets, for the Portfolio in each applicable Covered Foreign Country. The Fund, on behalf of the Portfolios, shall satisfy the account opening requirements for the Covered Foreign Country, and the delegation with respect to the Portfolio for the Covered Foreign Country will not be considered to have been accepted by the Custodian until that satisfaction. If the Foreign Custody Manager receives from the Fund Proper Instructions directing the Foreign Custody Manager to close the account, the delegation shall be considered withdrawn, and the Custodian shall immediately cease to be the Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the Portfolio for the Covered Foreign Country.

 

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4.2.4     SCOPE OF DELEGATED RESPONSIBILITIES: Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.2, the Foreign Custody Manager may place and maintain Foreign Assets in the care of an Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in each applicable Covered Foreign Country. The Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that (a) the Foreign Assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the country in which the Foreign Assets will be held by the Eligible Foreign Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1) and (b) the contract between the Foreign Custody Manager and the Eligible Foreign Custodian governing the foreign custody arrangements will satisfy the requirements of Rule 17f-5(c)(2). The Foreign Custody Manager shall establish a system to monitor (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Foreign Assets with the Eligible Foreign Custodian and (ii) the performance of the contract governing the custody arrangements. The liability of the Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the acts or omissions of an Eligible Foreign Custodian is addressed in Section 14.4. If the Foreign Custody Manager determines that the custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian are no longer appropriate, the Foreign Custody Manager shall so notify the Fund.

4.2.5     REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. The Foreign Custody Manager shall (a) report the withdrawal of Foreign Assets from an Eligible Foreign Custodian and the placement of Foreign Assets with another Eligible Foreign Custodian by making available to the Fund an amended Schedule A at the end of the calendar quarter in which the action has occurred, and (b) after the occurrence of any other material change in the foreign custody arrangements of the Portfolios described in this Section 4.2, make a written report to the Board containing a notification of the change.

4.2.6     REPRESENTATIONS. The Foreign Custody Manager represents to each Fund that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in Section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5. Each Fund represents to the Custodian that its Board has (a) determined that it is reasonable for the Board to rely on the Custodian to perform the responsibilities delegated pursuant to this Agreement to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios and (b) considered and determined to accept such Country Risk as is incurred by placing and maintaining the Foreign Assets of each Portfolio in each Covered Foreign Country.

4.2.7     TERMINATION BY A PORTFOLIO OF THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER. By giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Custodian, a Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, may terminate the delegation to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager for the Portfolio. Following the termination, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Portfolio.

SECTION 4.3    MONITORING OF ELIGIBLE SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES. The Custodian shall (a) provide the Fundor its Investment Advisor with an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the Eligible Securities Depositories set forth on Schedule B in accordance with Section (a)(1)(i)(A) of Rule 17f-7 and (b) monitor such risks on a continuing basis and promptly notify the Fund or its Investment Advisor of any material change in such risks, in accordance with Section (a)(1)(i)(B) of Rule 17f-7.

SECTION 5.     ACTIVITIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY HELD OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.

SECTION 5.1.    HOLDING SECURITIES. Foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States shall be maintained in a Foreign Securities System in a Covered Foreign Country through arrangements implemented by the Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian, as applicable, in the Covered Foreign Country. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the Portfolios the foreign securities and other financial assets held by each Eligible Foreign Custodian or Foreign Securities System, and shall provide or make available information to a Portfolio and such other persons as a Portfolio may designate with respect to the registration status of each Fund’s securities and a record of securities held by each Portfolio and such Portfolio’s respective interest therein. The Custodian may hold foreign securities and other financial assets for all of its customers, including the Portfolios, with any Eligible Foreign Custodian in an account that is identified as the Custodian’s account for the benefit of its customers; provided however, that (a) the records of the Custodian with respect to foreign securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio maintained in the account shall identify those securities and other financial assets as belonging to the Portfolio and (b) to the extent permitted and customary in the market in which the account is maintained, the Custodian shall require that securities and other financial assets so held by the Eligible Foreign Custodian be held separately from any assets of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or of other customers of the Eligible Foreign Custodian.

 

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SECTION 5.2.    REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. Foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States maintained in the custody of an Eligible Foreign Custodian and that are not bearer securities shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Eligible Foreign Custodian or in the name of any nominee of any of the foregoing. Each Fund on behalf of a Portfolio agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of the foreign securities or other financial assets. The Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian reserves the right not to accept securities or other financial assets on behalf of a Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement unless the form of the securities or other financial assets and the manner in which they are delivered are in accordance with local market practice.

SECTION 5.3.    INDEMNIFICATION BY ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIANS. Each contract pursuant to which the Custodian employs an Eligible Foreign Custodian shall, to the extent possible, require the Eligible Foreign Custodian to indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian from and against any loss, cost or expense arising out of or in connection with the Eligible Foreign Custodian’s performance of its obligations. At a Fund’s election, a Portfolio shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against an Eligible Foreign Custodian as a consequence of any such loss, cost or expense if and to the extent that the Portfolio has not been made whole for the loss, cost or expense. In no event shall the Custodian be obligated to bring suit in its own name or to allow suit to be brought in its name with respect to an Eligible Foreign Custodian.

SECTION 5.4     BANK ACCOUNTS.

5.4.1    GENERAL. The Custodian shall identify on its books as for the account of the applicable Portfolio the amount of cash (including cash denominated in foreign currencies) deposited with the Custodian. The Custodian shall maintain cash deposits in on book currencies on its balance sheet. The Custodian shall be liable for such balances. If the Custodian is unable to maintain, or market practice does not facilitate the maintenance for the Portfolio of a cash balance in a currency as an on book currency, a deposit account shall be opened and maintained by the Custodian outside the United States on behalf of the Portfolio with an Eligible Foreign Custodian. The Custodian shall not maintain such cash deposit on its balance sheet. The Eligible Foreign Custodian will be liable for such balance directly to the Portfolio. All deposit accounts referred to in this Section shall be subject only to draft or order by the Custodian or, if applicable, the Eligible Foreign Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Cash maintained in a deposit account and denominated in an “on book” currency will be maintained under and subject to the laws of the State of New York. The Custodian will not have any deposit liability for deposits in any currency that is not an “on book” currency.

5.4.2    NON-U.S. BRANCH AND NON-U.S. DOLLAR DEPOSITS. In accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Custodian shall not be required to repay any deposit made at a non-U.S. branch of the Custodian or any deposit made with the Custodian and denominated in a non-U.S. dollar currency, if repayment of the deposit or the use of assets denominated in the non-U.S. dollar currency is prevented, prohibited or otherwise blocked due to (a) an act of war, insurrection or civil strife; (b) any action by a non-U.S. government or instrumentality or authority asserting governmental, military or police power of any kind, whether such authority be recognized as a de facto or a de jure government, or by any entity, political or revolutionary movement or otherwise that usurps, supervenes or otherwise materially impairs the normal operation of civil authority; or (c) the closure of a non-U.S. branch in order to prevent, in the reasonable judgment of the Custodian, harm to the employees or property of the Custodian.

SECTION 5.5.    COLLECTION OF INCOME. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to the Foreign Assets held hereunder to which a Portfolio shall be entitled. If extraordinary measures are required to collect the income or payment, the Fund and the Custodian shall consult as to such measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures. The Custodian shall credit income to the applicable Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. Any credit to the Portfolio in advance of receipt may be reversed when the Custodian determines that payment will not occur in due course, and the Portfolio may be charged at the Custodian’s applicable rate for time credited. Income on securities or other financial assets loaned other than from the Custodian’s securities lending program shall be credited as received.

 

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SECTION 5.6.    TRANSACTIONS IN FOREIGN CUSTODY ACCOUNT.

5.6.1     DELIVERY OUT. The Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian shall release and deliver foreign securities or other financial assets held outside of the United States owned by a Portfolio and held by the Custodian or such Eligible Foreign Custodian, or in a Foreign Securities System account, only upon receipt of, and in accordance with, Proper Instructions, specifying the foreign securities to be delivered and the person or persons to whom delivery is to be made. The Custodian shall pay out, or direct the respective Eligible Foreign Custodian or the respective Foreign Securities System to pay out, cash of a Portfolio only upon receipt of, and in accordance with, Proper Instructions specifying the amount of the payment and the person or persons to payment is to be made.

5.6.2     MARKET CONDITIONS. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, settlement and payment for Foreign Assets received for the account of the Portfolios and delivery of Foreign Assets maintained for the account of the Portfolios may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or processing practices and procedures in the country or market in which the transaction occurs, including, without limitation, delivering Foreign Assets to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) with the expectation of receiving later payment for the Foreign Assets from such purchaser or dealer.

5.6.3     SETTLEMENT PRACTICES. The Custodian shall provide to the Fundor its Investment Advisor the information with respect to custody and settlement practices in countries in which the Custodian employs an Eligible Foreign Custodian described on Schedule C at the time or times set forth on the Schedule. The Custodian may revise Schedule C from time to time, but no revision shall result in a Board being provided with substantively less information than had been previously provided on Schedule C.

SECTION 5.7     SHAREHOLDER OR BONDHOLDER RIGHTS. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder and bondholder rights, including delivery to the Fund of any proxies, proxy soliciting materials and all applicable notices, with respect to foreign securities and other financial assets held outside the United States, subject always to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where the securities or other financial assets are issued. The Custodian may utilize Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. or another proxy service firm of recognized standing as its delegate to provide proxy services for the exercise of shareholder and bondholder rights. Local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of a Fund to exercise shareholder and bondholder rights.

SECTION 5.8.    COMMUNICATIONS. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials received by the Custodian through Eligible Foreign Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities and other financial asset assets being held outside the United States for the account of a Portfolio. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials so received by the Custodian from issuers of foreign securities whose tender or exchange is sought or from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the Fund all written information received by the Custodian through Eligible Foreign Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside of the United States and being held for the account of the Portfolio regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to the Portfolio’s foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian via an Eligible Foreign Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian does not support class-action participation by a Fund beyond such forwarding of written information received by the Custodian, except as may otherwise be mutually agreed to in writing between the Custodian and a Fund.

SECTION 6.     FOREIGN EXCHANGE.

SECTION 6.1.    GENERALLY. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which for purposes of this section may also include security trade advices, the Custodian shall facilitate the processing and settlement of foreign exchange transactions. Such foreign exchange transactions do not constitute part of the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement.

 

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SECTION 6.2.    FUND ELECTIONS. Each Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) may elect to enter into and execute foreign exchange transactions with third parties that are not affiliated with the Custodian, with State Street Global Markets, which is the foreign exchange division of State Street Bank and Trust Company and its affiliated companies (“SSGM”), or with a sub-custodian. Where the Fund or its Investment Advisor gives Proper Instructions for the execution of a foreign exchange transaction using an indirect foreign exchange service described in the Client Publications, the Fund (or its Investment Advisor) instructs the Custodian, on behalf of the Fund, to direct the execution of such foreign exchange transaction to SSGM or, when the relevant currency is not traded by SSGM, to the applicable sub-custodian. The Custodian shall not have any agency (except as contemplated in preceding sentence), trust or fiduciary obligation to the Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other person in connection with the execution of any foreign exchange transaction. The Custodian shall have no responsibility under this Agreement for the selection of the counterparty to, or the method of execution of, any foreign exchange transaction entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) or the reasonableness of the execution rate on any such transaction.

SECTION 6.3.    FUND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Each Fund acknowledges that in connection with all foreign exchange transactions entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) with SSGM or any sub-custodian, SSGM and each such sub-custodian:

 

(i)

shall be acting in a principal capacity and not as broker, agent or fiduciary to the Fund or its Investment Advisor;

 

(ii)

shall seek to profit from such foreign exchange transactions, and are entitled to retain and not disclose any such profit to the Fund or its Investment Advisor; and

 

(iii)

shall enter into such foreign exchange transactions pursuant to the terms and conditions, including pricing or pricing methodology, (a) agreed with the Fund or its Investment Advisor from time to time or (b) in the case of an indirect foreign exchange service, (i) as established by SSGM and set forth in the Client Publications with respect to the particular foreign exchange execution services selected by the Fund or the Investment Advisor or (ii) as established by the sub-custodian from time to time.

SECTION 6.4.    TRANSACTIONS BY STATE STREET. The Custodian or its affiliates, including SSGM, may trade based upon information that is not available to the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf), and may enter into transactions for its own account or the account of clients in the same or opposite direction to the transactions entered into with the Fund (or its Investment Advisor), and shall have no obligation, under this Agreement, to share such information with or consider the interests of their respective counterparties, including, where applicable, the Fund or the Investment Advisor.

SECTION 6A.    CONTRACTUAL SETTLEMENT SERVICES (PURCHASE/SALES).

SECTION 6A.1    GENERAL. The Custodian shall, in accordance with the terms set out in this Section 6A, debit or credit the appropriate deposit account of each Portfolio on a contractual settlement basis in connection with the purchase of securities or other financial assets for the Portfolio or the receipt of the proceeds of the sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets.

SECTION 6A.2    PROVISION OF SERVICES. The services described in Section 6A.1 (the “Contractual Settlement Services”) shall be provided for the securities and other financial assets and in such markets as the Custodian may advise from time to time. The Custodian may terminate or suspend any part of the provision of the Contractual Settlement Services at its sole discretion immediately upon notice to the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio, including, without limitation, in the event of force majeure events affecting settlement, any disorder in markets, or other changed external business circumstances affecting the markets or the Fund.

SECTION 6A.3    PURCHASE CONSIDERATION. The consideration payable in connection with a purchase transaction shall be debited from the appropriate deposit account of the Portfolio as of the time and date that funds would ordinarily be required to settle the transaction in the applicable market in accordance with prevailing standards for transactions by institutions. The Custodian shall promptly recredit the amount at the time that the Portfolio or the Fund notifies the Custodian by Proper Instruction that the transaction has been canceled.

 

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SECTION 6A.4    SALES AND REDEMPTIONS. A provisional credit of an amount equal to the net sale price for a sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets shall be made to the account of the Portfolio as if the amount had been received as of the close of business on the date on which good funds would ordinarily be immediately available in the applicable market in accordance with prevailing standards for transactions by institutions. The provisional credit will be made conditional upon the Custodian having received Proper Instructions with respect to, or reasonable notice of, the transaction, as applicable; and the Custodian or its agent having possession of the securities of other financial assets (excluding financial assets subject to any third party lending arrangement entered into by a Portfolio) associated with the transaction in good deliverable form and not being aware of any facts which would lead the Custodian or its agent to believe that the transaction will not settle in the time period ordinarily applicable to such transactions in the applicable market.

SECTION 6A.5.    REVERSALS OF PROVISIONAL CREDITS OR DEBITS. The Custodian shall have the right to reverse any provisional credit or debit given in connection with the Contractual Settlement Services at any time when the Custodian believes, in its reasonable judgment, that such transaction will not settle in accordance with its terms or amounts due pursuant thereto, will not be collectable or where the Custodian has not been provided Proper Instructions with respect thereto, as applicable. The Portfolio shall be responsible for any costs or liabilities resulting from such reversal. Upon such reversal, a sum equal to the credited or debited amount shall become immediately payable by the Portfolio to the Custodian and may be debited from any deposit or other account held for benefit of the Portfolio.

SECTION 7.    TAX SERVICES.

SECTION 7.1    FUND INFORMATION. Each Fund will provide documentary evidence of its tax domicile, organizational specifics and other documentation and information as may be required by the Custodian from time to time for tax purposes, including, without limitation, information relating to any special ruling or treatment to which the Fund may be entitled that is not applicable to the general nationality and category of person to which the Fund belongs under general laws and treaty obligations and documentation and information required in relation to countries where the Fund engages or proposes to engage in investment activity or where Portfolio assets are or will be held. The provision of such documentation and information shall be deemed to be a Proper Instruction, upon which the Custodian shall be entitled to rely and act. In giving such documentation and information, the Fund represents and warrants that it is true and correct in all material respects and that it will promptly provide the Custodian with all necessary corrections or updates upon becoming aware of any changes or inaccuracies in the documentation or information supplied.

SECTION 7.2    TAX RESPONSIBILITY. The Fund shall be liable for all taxes (including Taxes, as defined below) relating to its investment activity, including with respect to any cash or securities held by the Custodian on behalf of the Fund or any transactions related thereto. Subject to compliance by the Fund with its obligations under Section 7.1, the Custodian shall withhold (or cause to be withheld) the amount of any Tax which is required to be withheld under applicable law in connection with the collection on behalf of the Fund pursuant to this Agreement of any dividend, interest income or other distribution with respect to any security and the proceeds or income from the sale or other transfer of any security held by the Custodian. If any Taxes become payable with respect to any prior payment made to the Fund by the Custodian or otherwise, the Custodian may apply any credit balance in the Fund’s deposit account to the extent necessary to satisfy such Tax obligation. The Fund shall remain liable for any tax deficiency. The Custodian is not liable for any tax obligations relating to the Portfolio or the Fund, other than those Tax services as set out specifically in this Section 7. The Fund agrees that the Custodian is not, and shall not be deemed to be, providing tax advice or tax counsel. The capitalized terms “Tax” or “Taxes” means any withholding or capital gains tax, stamp duty, levy, impost, charge, assessment, deduction or related liability, including any addition to tax, penalty or interest imposed on or in respect of (i) cash or securities, (ii) the transactions effected under this Agreement, or (iii) the Fund.

SECTION 7.3    TAX RELIEF. The Custodian will provide tax relief services in relation to designated markets as may be specified from time to time in the Client Publications. Subject to the preceding sentence and compliance by the Fund with its obligations under Section 7.1, the Custodian will apply for a reduction of withholding tax and refund of any tax paid or tax credits which apply in each applicable market in respect of income payments on securities for the benefit of the Fund. The Custodian shall provide information on reduction at source and tax reclaim processing in its Tax Entitlement Service Overview made available to the Fund on the Custodian’s customer portal,

 

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“my.statestreet.com.” The Custodian shall maintain tax entitlement accruals for possible tax benefits available in markets of investment and monitor tax entitlements and tax reclaim accruals based on existing situations in markets of investment with respect to the Fund’s entitlements. The Custodian shall facilitate communications to the Fund’s local tax consultants and Eligible Foreign Custodians with respect to reporting, payment and filing requirements regarding capital gains processing. Unless otherwise informed by the Fund, the Custodian shall be entitled to categorize a Fund in the relevant tax category according to its nationality, particulars of its organization and other relevant details supplied by the Fund.

SECTION 8.    PAYMENTS FOR SALES OR REDEMPTIONS OF PORTFOLIO INTERESTS.

SECTION 8.1    PAYMENT FOR PORTFOLIO INTERESTS ISSUED. The Custodian shall receive from the distributor of Portfolio Interests of a Fund or from the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) and deposit into the account of the Portfolio such payments as are received for Portfolio Interests issued or sold from time to time by the Fund. The Custodian will provide timely notification to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio and the Transfer Agent of any receipt of the payments by the Custodian.

SECTION 8.2    PAYMENT FOR PORTFOLIO INTERESTS REDEEMED. Upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, the Custodian shall set aside funds of a Portfolio to the extent available for payment to holders of Portfolio Interests who have delivered to the Transfer Agent a request for redemption of their Portfolio Interests. The Custodian is authorized upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent to wire funds to or through a commercial bank designated by the redeeming interest holders. If the Custodian furnishes a check to a holder in payment for the redemption of the holder’s Portfolio Interests and the check is drawn on the Custodian, the Custodian shall honor the check so long as the check is presented to the Custodian in accordance with the Deposit Account Agreement and such procedures and controls as are mutually agreed upon from time to time between the Fund and the Custodian.

SECTION 9.    PROPER INSTRUCTIONS.

SECTION 9. 1    FORM AND SECURITY PROCEDURES. Proper Instructions may be in writing signed by the authorized individual or individuals or may be in a tested communication or in a communication utilizing access codes effected between electro-mechanical or electronic devices or may be by such other means and utilizing such intermediary systems and utilities as may be agreed to from time to time by the Custodian and the individual or organization giving the instruction, provided that the Fund has followed any security procedures agreed to from time to time by the applicable Fund and the Custodian. The Custodian may agree to accept oral instructions, and in such case oral instructions will be considered Proper Instructions. The Fund shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in writing, but the Fund’s failure to do so shall not affect the Custodian’s authority to rely on the oral instructions.

Section 9.2    RELIANCE ON OFFICERS CERTIFICATE. Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and from time to time thereafter, as appropriate, each Fund shall deliver to the Custodian an officer’s certificate setting forth the names, titles, signatures and scope of authority of all individuals authorized to give Proper Instructions or any other notice, request, direction, instruction, certificate or instrument on behalf of the Fund. The certificate may be accepted and conclusively relied upon by the Custodian and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of a similar certificate to the contrary and the Custodian has had a reasonable time to act thereon.

Section 9.3    UNTIMELY PROPER INSTRUCTIONS. If the Custodian is not provided with reasonable time to execute a Proper Instruction (including any Proper Instruction not to execute, or any other modification to, a prior Proper Instruction), the Custodian will use good faith efforts to execute the Proper Instruction but will not be responsible or liable if the Custodian’s efforts are not successful (including any inability to change any actions that the Custodian had taken pursuant to the prior Proper Instruction). The inclusion of a statement of purpose or intent (or any similar notation) in a Proper Instruction shall not impose any additional obligations on the Custodian or condition or qualify its authority to effect the Proper Instruction. The Custodian will not assume a duty to ensure that the stated purpose or intent is fulfilled and will have no responsibility or liability when it follows the Proper Instruction without regard to such purpose or intent.

 

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SECTION 10.    ACTIONS PERMITTED WITHOUT EXPRESS AUTHORITY.

The Custodian may in its discretion, without express authority from the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio:

 

  1)

Make payments to itself or others for normal and routine expenses to facilitate the settlement of securities transactions that are customary in the markets in which the Fund is trading and relating to the Custodian’s duties under this Agreement; provided that all such payments shall be accounted for to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio;

 

  2)

Surrender securities or other financial assets in temporary form for securities or other financial assets in definitive form;

 

  3)

Endorse for collection, in the name of the Portfolio, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; and

 

  4)

In general, attend to all non-discretionary details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio except as otherwise directed by the applicable Board.

SECTION 11. RESERVED.

SECTION 12.    RECORDS.

The Custodian shall with respect to each Portfolio create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of each Fund under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to Section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the Fund and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of the Fund and employees and agents of the SEC. The Custodian shall, at the Fund’s request, supply the Fund with a tabulation of securities owned by each Portfolio and held by the Custodian and shall, when requested to do so by the Fund and for such compensation as shall be agreed upon between the Fund and the Custodian, include certificate numbers in such tabulations. In the event that the Custodian is requested or authorized by a Fund, or required by subpoena, administrative order, court order or other legal process, applicable law or regulation, or required in connection with any investigation, examination or inspection of the Fund by state or federal regulatory agencies, to produce the records of the Fund or the Custodian’s personnel as witnesses, the Fund agrees to pay the Custodian for the Custodian’s reasonable time and expenses, as well as the reasonable fees and expenses of the Custodian’s counsel, incurred in responding to such request, order or requirement. The Custodian shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide notice to the applicable Fund promptly after receipt of any request for records by an entity other than such Fund. Upon request, the Custodian shall provide the applicable Fund with an update on the fees and expenses incurred in responding to any such requests for records.

SECTION 13.     FUNDS INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS; REPORTS.

SECTION 13.1    OPINIONS. The Custodian shall take all reasonable action, as a Fund with respect to a Portfolio may from time to time request, to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from the Fund’s independent accountants with respect to its activities hereunder in connection with the preparation of the Fund’s Form N-1A or Form N-2, as applicable, and other annual reports to the SEC and with respect to any other requirements thereof.

SECTION 13.2    REPORTS. Upon reasonable request of a Fund, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with a copy of the Custodian’s Service Organizational Control (SOC) 1 reports prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT section 801, Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization (formerly Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) No. 16). The Custodian shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the Fund with such reports as the Fund may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements.

SECTION 14.     CUSTODIANS STANDARD OF CARE; EXCULPATION.

14.1    STANDARD OF CARE. In carrying out the provisions of this Agreement, the Custodian shall act (i) with reasonable care and diligence and in good faith, (ii) without negligence, fraud, willful misconduct, willful omission or bad faith, and at least at the same standard of care as the Custodian provides for itself and its affiliates (“Affiliates”) with respect to similar services, and (iii) with the level of skill and care which would be expected from

 

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a reasonably skilled and experienced professional provider of services similar to the services provided under this Agreement. Subject to the terms of the Agreement, including any exculpatory language, the Custodian shall have no liability for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss or damage resulting from the performance or nonperformance of its duties hereunder unless and to the extent the Custodian fails to exercise such standard of care. Upon the occurrence of any event that causes or that the Custodian believes or a Portfolio reasonably believes will imminently cause any loss, damage or expense to any Portfolio, the Custodian (i) shall take and (ii) shall take all reasonable steps to cause any applicable sub-custodian to take all commercially reasonable steps (to the extent consistent with the Custodian’s obligations pursuant to Rules 17f-5 and 17f-7, as applicable) to mitigate the effects of such event and to avoid continuing harm to a Portfolio.

14.2    RELIANCE ON PROPER INSTRUCTIONS. The Custodian shall be entitled conclusively to rely and act upon Proper Instructions until the Custodian has received notice of any change from the Fund and has had a reasonable time to act thereon. The Custodian may act on a Proper Instruction if it reasonably believes that it contains sufficient information and may refrain from acting on any Proper Instructions until such time that it has determined, in its sole discretion, that is has received any required clarification or authentication of Proper Instructions. The Custodian may rely upon and shall be protected in acting upon any Proper Instruction or any other instruction, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument or paper reasonably believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the applicable Fund.

14.3    OTHER RELIANCE. The Custodian is authorized and instructed to rely upon the information that the Custodian receives from the Fund or any third party on behalf of the Fund. The Custodian shall have no responsibility to review, confirm or otherwise assume any duty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of any information supplied to it by or on behalf of any Fund. The Custodian shall have no liability in respect of any loss, cost or expense incurred or sustained by the Fund arising from the performance of the Custodian’s duties hereunder in reliance upon records that were maintained for the Fund by any individual or organization, other than the Custodian, prior to the Custodian’s appointment as custodian hereunder. The Custodian shall be entitled to rely on and may act upon reasonable advice of reputable counsel (who may be counsel for the Fund) on all matters and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted in good faith pursuant to the advice; provided, however, that with respect to the reliance on such reasonable advice and the performance of any action or omission of any action upon such advice, the Custodian shall be required to conform to the standard of care set forth above. The Custodian and the applicable Funds shall mutually agree as to which entity will bear the cost of such advice of counsel.

14.4    LIABILITY FOR FOREIGN CUSTODIANS AND U.S. SUB-CUSTODIANS. The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of an Eligible Foreign Custodian and of any domestic sub-custodian selection by the Custodian to the same extent as if the action or omission were performed by the Custodian itself, taking into account the facts and circumstances and the established local market practices and laws prevailing in the particular jurisdiction in which the Fund elects to invest. If a Fund directs the Custodian to appoint a specific domestic sub-custodian, the Custodian shall, with respect to such domestic sub-custodian, be responsible only for losses arising from its own failure to meet the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1.

14.5    INSOLVENCY AND COUNTRY RISK. The Custodian shall in no event be liable for (a) the insolvency of any Eligible Foreign Custodian or U.S. sub-custodian, (b) the insolvency of any depositary bank maintaining in a deposit account cash denominated in any currency other than an “on book” currency, or (c) any loss, cost or expense incurred or sustained by a Fund or Portfolio resulting from or caused by Country Risk.

14.6    FORCE MAJEURE AND THIRD PARTY ACTIONS. The Custodian shall be without responsibility or liability to any Fund or Portfolio for: (a) events or circumstances beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, including, without limitation, the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of any currency or securities market or system, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions, computer viruses or communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, acts of war, revolution, riots or terrorism or other similar force majeure events or acts; (b) errors by any Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other duly authorized person in their instructions to the Custodian; (c) the insolvency of or acts or omissions by a U.S. Securities System, Foreign Securities System, Underlying Transfer Agent or a domestic sub-custodian designated by a Fund pursuant to Section 2.2; (d) the failure of any Fund, its Investment Advisor, Portfolio or any duly authorized individual or organization to adhere to the Custodian’s operational policies and procedures; (e) any delay or failure of any broker,

 

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agent, securities intermediary or other intermediary, central bank or other commercially prevalent payment or clearing system to deliver to the Custodian’s sub-custodian or agent securities or other financial assets purchased or in the remittance or payment made in connection with securities or other financial assets sold; (f) any delay or failure of any organization in charge of registering or transferring securities or other financial assets in the name of the Custodian, any Fund, any Portfolio, the Custodian’s sub-custodians, nominees or agents including non-receipt of bonus, dividends and rights and other accretions or benefits; (g) delays or inability to perform its duties due to any disorder in market infrastructure with respect to any particular security, other financial asset, U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System; and (h) the effect of any provision of any law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or any other country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction.

14.7    INDIRECT/SPECIAL/CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. Notwithstanding any other provision set forth herein, in no event shall the Custodian be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, lost profits) with respect to the services provided pursuant to this Agreement, regardless of whether either party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

14.8    DELIVERY OF PROPERTY. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any securities or other assets of a Portfolio which are not received by the Custodian or which are delivered out in accordance with Proper Instructions. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any securities or other assets or evidence of title thereto received by it or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement.

14.9    NO INVESTMENT ADVICE. The Custodian has no responsibility to monitor or oversee the investment activity undertaken by a Fund or its Investment Advisor or by a Portfolio. The Custodian has no duty to ensure or to inquire whether an Investment Advisor complies with any investment objectives or restrictions agreed upon between a Fund and the Investment Advisor or whether the Investment Advisor complies with its legal obligations under applicable securities laws or other laws, including laws intended to protect the interests of investors.    The Custodian shall neither assess nor take any responsibility or liability for the suitability or appropriateness of the investments made by a Fund or a Portfolio or on its behalf.

14.10    COMMUNICATIONS. Subject to Section 14.1, the Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio at any time held by the Custodian unless (a) the Custodian or the Eligible Foreign Custodian is in actual possession of such securities or other financial assets, (b) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of the right or power, and (c) both of the conditions referred to in the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) have been satisfied at least three business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take action to exercise the right or power.

14.11    LOANED SECURITIES. Income due to each Portfolio on securities or other financial assets loaned shall be the responsibility of the applicable Fund. The Custodian will have no duty or responsibility in connection with loaned securities or other financial assets, other than to provide the Fund with such information or data as may be necessary to assist the Fund in arranging for the timely delivery to the Custodian of the income to which the Portfolio is entitled, except as may otherwise be mutually agreed to in writing between the Custodian and a Fund.

14.12    TRADE COUNTERPARTIES. A Fund’s receipt of securities or other financial assets from a counterparty in connection with any of its purchase transactions and its receipt of cash from a counterparty in connection with any sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets will be at the Fund’s sole risk, and the Custodian shall not be obligated to make demands on the Fund’s behalf if the Fund’s counterparty defaults. If a Fund’s counterparty fails to deliver securities, other financial assets or cash, the Custodian will, as its sole responsibility, notify the Fund’s Investment Advisor of the failure within a reasonable time after the Custodian became aware of the failure.

SECTION 15.    COMPENSATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF CUSTODIAN; SECURITY INTEREST.

SECTION. 15.1    COMPENSATION. The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as agreed upon from time to time between each Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and the Custodian.

 

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SECTION 15.2    INDEMNIFICATION. Each Portfolio severally and not jointly agrees to indemnify the Custodian and to hold the Custodian harmless from and against any loss, cost or expense sustained or incurred by the Custodian in acting or omitting to act under or in respect of this Agreement in a manner consistent with the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1, including, without limitation, (a) the Custodian’s compliance with Proper Instructions and (b) in connection with the provision of services to a Fund pursuant to Section 7, any obligations, including taxes, withholding and reporting requirements, claims for exemption and refund, additions for late payment, interest, penalties and other expenses, that may be assessed against the Fund, the Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian of the assets of the Fund or the Portfolio. If a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio instructs the Custodian to take any action with respect to securities or other financial assets, and the action involves the payment of money or may, in the opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to the Fund or the Portfolio being liable therefor, the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, as a prerequisite to the Custodian taking the action, shall provide to the Custodian at the Custodian’s request such further indemnification in an amount and form satisfactory to the Custodian.

SECTION 15.3    SECURITY INTEREST. Each Fund hereby grants to the Custodian, to secure the payment and performance of the Fund’s obligations under this Agreement, whether contingent or otherwise, a security interest in and right of recoupment and setoff against all cash and all securities and other financial assets at any time held for the account of a Portfolio by or through the Custodian. The obligations include, without limitation, the Fund’s obligations to reimburse the Custodian if the Custodian or any of its Affiliates, subsidiaries or agents advances cash or securities or other financial assets to the Fund for any purpose (including but not limited to settlements of securities or other financial assets, foreign exchange contracts and assumed settlement), or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligence, as well as the Fund’s obligation to compensate the Custodian pursuant to Section 15.1 or indemnify the Custodian pursuant to Section 15.2. Should the Fund fail to reimburse or otherwise pay the Custodian any obligation under this Agreement promptly, the Custodian shall have the rights and remedies of a secured party under this Agreement, the UCC and other applicable law, including the right to utilize available cash and to sell or otherwise dispose of the Portfolio’s assets to the extent necessary to obtain payment or reimbursement. The Custodian may at any time decline to follow Proper Instructions to deliver out cash, securities or other financial assets if the Custodian determines in its reasonable discretion that, after giving effect to the Proper Instructions, the cash, securities or other financial assets remaining will not have sufficient value fully to secure the Fund’s payment or reimbursement obligations, whether contingent or otherwise.

SECTION 16.    EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION.

SECTION 16.1    TERM. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect for an initial term of one (1) year from the effective date (the “Initial Term”). After the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall automatically renew for successive one (1) year terms. Following the Initial Term, this Agreement may be terminated by any Fund or Portfolio upon no less than ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Custodian, or by the Custodian upon no less than 180 days’ prior written notice to the applicable Fund or Portfolio.

SECTION 16.2    TERMINATION. Either party may terminate this Agreement as to a Fund or a Portfolio: (a) in the event of the other party’s material breach of a material provision of this Agreement that the other party has either failed to cure, or failed to establish a remedial plan to cure that is reasonably acceptable to the non-breaching party, within 60 days’ written notice being given by the non-breaching party of the breach, or (b) in the event of the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the other party, the commencement by or against the other party of a bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding, or upon the happening of a like event to the other party at the direction of an appropriate agency or court of competent jurisdiction.

SECTION 16.3    PAYMENTS OWING TO THE CUSTODIAN. Upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 16.1 or 16.2 with respect to any Fund or Portfolio, the applicable Fund shall pay to the Custodian any compensation then due and shall reimburse the Custodian for its other fees, expenses and charges. In the event of: (a) any Fund’s termination of this Agreement with respect to such Fund or a Portfolio of the Fund in any manner other than as set forth in Section 16.1 or 16.2 or (b) a transaction not in the ordinary course of business pursuant to which the Custodian is not retained to continue providing services hereunder to a Fund or Portfolio (or its respective successor), the applicable Fund shall pay to the Custodian any compensation due through the end of the then-current

 

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term (based upon the average monthly compensation previously earned by the Custodian with respect to the Fund or Portfolio) and shall reimburse the Custodian for its other fees, expenses and charges. Upon receipt of such payment and reimbursement, the Custodian will deliver the Fund’s or Portfolio’s cash and its securities and other financial assets as set forth in Section 17.

SECTION 16.4    EXCLUSIONS. No full term payment will be required pursuant to clause (b) of Section 16.3 in the event of any transaction consisting of (a) the liquidation or dissolution of a Fund or a Portfolio and distribution of the Fund’s or Portfolio’s assets as a result of the Board’s determination in its reasonable business judgment that the Fund or Portfolio is no longer viable or that the liquidation is in the best interest of the Fund or such Portfolio, (b) a merger of a Fund or Portfolio into, or the consolidation of a Fund or Portfolio with, another organization or series, or (c) the sale by a Fund or Portfolio of all or substantially all of its assets to another organization or series and, in the case of a transaction referred to in the foregoing clause (b) or (c) the applicable Funds provide 90 days’ prior written notice in advance of the closing date of any such transactions.

SECTION 16.5    EFFECT OF TERMINATION. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund or Portfolio shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund or Portfolio. Following termination with respect to a Fund or Portfolio, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility to forward information under Section 3.8 or 5.8. The provisions of Sections 7, 14, 15 and 17 of this Agreement shall survive termination of this Agreement.

SECTION 17.    SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN.

SECTION 17.1    SUCCESSOR APPOINTED. If a successor custodian shall be appointed for a Portfolio by its Board, the Custodian shall, upon termination of this Agreement and receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver to the successor custodian at the office of the Custodian, duly endorsed and in the form for transfer, all cash and all securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio then held by the Custodian hereunder and shall transfer to an account of the successor custodian all of the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio held in a U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent.

SECTION 17.2    NO SUCCESSOR APPOINTED. If no such successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall, in like manner, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver at the office of the Custodian and transfer the cash and the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio in accordance with the Proper Instructions.

SECTION 17.3    NO SUCCESSOR APPOINTED AND NO PROPER INSTRUCTIONS. If no successor custodian has been appointed and no Proper Instructions have been delivered to the Custodian on or before the termination of this Agreement, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company, which is a “bank” as defined in the 1940 Act, doing business in Boston, Massachusetts, or New York, New York, of its own selection, all cash and all securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio then held by the Custodian hereunder, and to transfer to an account of the bank or trust company all of the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio held in any U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent. The transfer will be on such terms as are contained in this Agreement or as the Custodian may otherwise reasonably negotiate with the bank or trust company. Any compensation payable to the bank or trust company, and any cost or expense incurred by the Custodian, in connection with the transfer shall be for the account of the Portfolio.

SECTION 17.4    REMAINING PROPERTY. If any cash or any securities or other financial assets of the Portfolio held by the Custodian hereunder remain held by the Custodian after the termination of this Agreement owing to the failure of the applicable Fund to provide Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall be entitled to fair compensation for its services during such period as the Custodian holds the cash or the securities or other financial assets (the existing agreed-to compensation at the time of termination shall be one indicator of what is considered fair compensation). The provisions of this Agreement relating to the duties, exculpation and indemnification of the Custodian shall apply in favor of the Custodian during such period.

SECTION 17.5    RESERVES. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 17, the Custodian may retain cash or securities or other financial assets of the Fund or Portfolio as a reserve reasonably established by the Custodian to secure the payment or performance of any obligations of the Fund or Portfolio secured by a security interest or right of recoupment or setoff in favor of the Custodian.

 

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SECTION 18.    REMOTE ACCESS SERVICES ADDENDUM. The Custodian and each Fund agree to be bound by the terms of the Remote Access Services Addendum hereto.

SECTION 19.    LOAN SERVICES ADDENDUM. If a Fund directs the Custodian in writing to perform loan services, the Custodian and the Fund will be bound by the terms of the Loan Services Addendum attached hereto. The Fund shall reimburse Custodian for its fees and expenses related thereto as agreed upon from time to time in writing by the Fund and the Custodian.

SECTION 20.     GENERAL.

SECTION 20.1    GOVERNING LAW. Any and all matters in dispute between the parties hereto, whether arising from or relating to this Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any conflict of laws rules.

SECTION 20.2    [RESERVED]

SECTION 20.3    PRIOR AGREEMENTS; AMENDMENTS. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements between each Fund on behalf of each of the Fund’s Portfolios and the Custodian relating to the custody of the Fund’s assets. This Agreement may be amended at any time in writing by mutual agreement of the parties hereto.

SECTION 20.4    ASSIGNMENT; DELEGATION. This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) any Fund without the written consent of the Custodian or (b) the Custodian without the written consent of each applicable Fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian may assign this Agreement to a successor of all or a substantial portion of its business, or to an Affiliate of the Custodian upon ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Fund. The Custodian shall retain the right to employ its Affiliates to provide or assist it in the provision of any part of the services described herein or the discharge of any other obligations or duties under this Agreement without the consent or approval of any Fund. The Custodian may employ other agents, subcontractors, consultants and other third parties (each a “Delegate”) to provide the services stated herein to the Funds upon the prior written consent of the Funds. Except as otherwise provided below, the Custodian shall be responsible for the acts and omissions of any such Delegate or Affiliate so employed as if the Custodian had committed such acts and omissions itself. The Custodian shall be responsible for the compensation of its Delegates and Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the term Delegate include sub-custodians, Eligible Foreign Custodians, U.S. Securities Systems and Foreign Securities Systems, consultants, authorized data sources, suppliers of Custodian’s third party technology, providers of market infrastructure, and other non-affiliated entities that provide similar assistance to the Custodian in its performance of its duties under this Agreement, and the Custodian shall have no liability for their acts or omissions except as otherwise expressly provided elsewhere in this Agreement. The liability of the Custodian for the acts and omissions of sub-custodians, Eligible Foreign Custodians, U.S. Securities Systems and Foreign Securities Systems shall be as set forth in Section 14 above.

SECTION 20.5    INTERPRETIVE AND ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS. In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Custodian and each Fund on behalf of each of the Portfolios, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in a writing signed by all parties, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable laws or regulations or any provision of a Fund’s organic record and Prospectus. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be an amendment of this Agreement.

SECTION 20.6     ADDITIONAL FUNDS AND PORTFOLIOS.

20.6.1    ADDITIONAL FUNDS. If any management investment company in addition to those listed on Appendix A desires the Custodian to render services as custodian under the terms of this Agreement, the management investment company shall so notify the Custodian in writing. If the Custodian agrees in writing to provide the services, the management investment company shall become a Fund hereunder and be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof including, without limitation, the representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7 below.

20.6.2    ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIOS. If any Fund establishes a series in addition to the Portfolios set forth on Appendix A with respect to which the Fund desires the Custodian to render services as custodian under the terms of this Agreement, the Fund shall so notify the Custodian in writing. If the Custodian agrees in writing to provide the services, the series shall become a Portfolio hereunder.

 

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SECTION 20.7     THE PARTIES; REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. All references in this Agreement to the “Fund” are to each of the management investment companies listed on Appendix A, and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 20.6 above, individually, as if this Agreement were between the individual Fund and the Custodian. In the case of a series organization, all references in this Agreement to the “Portfolio” are to the individual series of the series organization on behalf of the individual series. Any reference in this Agreement to “the parties” shall mean the Custodian and such other individual Fund as to which the matter pertains.

20.7.1    FUND REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Each Fund hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is duly organized and validly existing in good standing in its jurisdiction of organization; (b) it has the requisite power and authority under applicable law and its organic record to enter into and perform this Agreement; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) no legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Fund’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and (e) its entering into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Fund or any law or regulation applicable to it.

20.7.2    CUSTODIAN REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. The Custodian hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is a trust company, duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (b) it has the requisite power and authority to carry on its business in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) no legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Custodian’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; (e) its entering into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Custodian or any law or regulation applicable to it; and (f) it has and will maintain at least the minimum qualifications required by Section 17(f)(1) of the 1940 Act to act as custodian of the portfolio securities of each Portfolio.

SECTION 20.8     NOTICES. Any notice, instruction or other communication required to be given hereunder will, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, be in writing and may be sent by hand, or by facsimile transmission, or overnight delivery by any recognized delivery service, to the parties at the following addresses or such other addresses as may be notified by any party from time to time.

 

To any Fund:   c/o BLACKROCK FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
  100 Bellevue Parkway
  Wilmington, DE 19809-3700
  Attention: Neal Andrews
  Telephone: 302-797-6179
To the Custodian:   STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
  100 Summer Street
  Boston, MA 02110
  Attention: Anthony Ostler
  Telephone: 617-664-9797

with a copy to:

 
  STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
  Legal Division – Global Services Americas
  One Lincoln Street
  Boston, MA 02110
  Attention: Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel

 

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SECTION 20.9     COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Counterparts may be executed in either original or electronically transmitted form (e.g., faxes or emailed portable document format (PDF) form), and the parties hereby adopt as original any signatures received in electronically transmitted form.

SECTION 20.10     SEVERABILITY; NO WAIVER. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired. The failure of a party hereto to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion or the failure of a party hereto to exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any the term, right or remedy or a waiver of any other rights or remedies, and no single or partial exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement shall prevent any further exercise of the right or remedy or the exercise of any other right or remedy.

SECTION 20.11     CONFIDENTIALITY. All information provided under this Agreement by a party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) regarding the Disclosing Party’s business and operations shall be treated as confidential. Subject to Section 20.12 below, all confidential information provided under this Agreement by Disclosing Party shall be used, including disclosure to third parties, by the Receiving Party, or its agents or service providers, solely for the purpose of performing or receiving the services and discharging the Receiving Party’s other obligations under the Agreement or managing the business of the Receiving Party and its Affiliates, including financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (a) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this Agreement, (b) that is independently derived by the Receiving Party without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party in connection with this Agreement, (c) that is disclosed to comply with any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, (d) that is disclosed as required by operation of law or regulation or as required to comply with the requirements of any market infrastructure that the Disclosing Party or its agents direct the Custodian or its Affiliates to employ (or which is required in connection with the holding or settlement of instruments included in the assets subject to this Agreement), or (e) where the party seeking to disclose has received the prior written consent of the party providing the information, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

SECTION 20.12    USE OF DATA.

(a)    In connection with the provision of the services and the discharge of its other obligations under this Agreement, the Custodian (which term for purposes of this Section 20.12 includes each of its Affiliates) may collect and store information regarding the Funds or Portfolios (“Fund Information”) and share such Fund Information with its Affiliates, agents, delegates and service providers in order and to the extent reasonably necessary (i) to carry out the provision of services contemplated under this Agreement and other agreements between a Fund and the Custodian or any of its Affiliates and (ii) to carry out the internal management of its businesses, including, but not limited to, financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance.

(b)    Except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, nothing in this Section 20.12 shall limit the confidentiality and data-protection obligations of the Custodian and its Affiliates under this Agreement and applicable law. The Custodian shall cause any Affiliate, agent or service provider to which it has disclosed Data pursuant to this Section 20.12 to comply at all times with confidentiality and data-protection obligations as if it were a party to this Agreement.

SECTION 20.13    DATA PRIVACY. The Custodian will implement and maintain a written information security program that contains appropriate security measures to safeguard the personal information of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, directors and officers that the Custodian receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder. The term, “personal information”, as used in this

 

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Section, means (a) an individual’s name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (i) Social Security number, (ii) driver’s license number, (iii) state identification card number, (iv) debit or credit card number, (v) financial account number or (vi) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person’s account, or (b) any combination of any of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual’s account. The term does not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public.

SECTION 20.14    LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES. Notice is hereby given that this Agreement is not executed on behalf of any directors or trustees of any Fund as individuals, and the obligations of this Agreement are not binding on any of the directors, trustees, officers, shareholders or partners of any Fund individually, but are binding only upon the property of each Fund or Portfolio. In relation to each Fund which is a business trust, this Agreement is executed and made by the Trustees of the Fund not individually, but as trustees under the Declarations of Trust of the Fund and the obligations of this Agreement are not binding upon any of such Trustees or upon any of the shareholders of the Fund individually, but bind only the trust estate of the Fund. The Custodian agrees that no shareholder, director, trustee, officer or partner of any Fund may be held personally liable or responsible for any obligations of any Fund arising out of this Agreement.

SECTION 20.15    REPRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS. This Agreement and all schedules, addenda, exhibits, appendices, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. Any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

SECTION 20.16    REGULATION GG. Each Fund represents and warrants that it does not engage in an “Internet gambling business,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(r) of Federal Reserve Regulation GG (12 CFR 233) and covenants that it shall not engage in an Internet gambling business. In accordance with Regulation GG, each Fund is hereby notified that “restricted transactions,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(y) of Regulation GG, are prohibited in any dealings with the Custodian pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise between or among any party hereto.

SECTION 20.17    SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS ELECTION. SEC Rule 14b-2 requires banks that hold securities, as that term is used in federal securities laws, for the account of customers to respond to requests by issuers of securities for the names, addresses and holdings of beneficial owners of securities of that issuer held by the bank unless the beneficial owner has expressly objected to disclosure of this information. In order to comply with the rule, as may be applicable, the Custodian needs each Fund to indicate whether it authorizes the Custodian to provide such Fund’s name, address, and share position to requesting companies whose securities the Fund owns. If a Fund tells the Custodian “no,” the Custodian will not provide this information to requesting companies. If a Fund tells the Custodian “yes” or does not check either “yes” or “no” below, the Custodian is required by the rule, as applicable, to treat the Fund as consenting to disclosure of this information for all securities owned by the Fund or any funds or accounts established by the Fund. For a Fund’s protection, the Rule, as applicable, prohibits the requesting company from using the Fund’s name and address for any purpose other than corporate communications. Please indicate below whether the Fund consents or objects by checking one of the alternatives below.

YES ☐     The Custodian is authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

NO ☒     The Custodian is not authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

[Remainder of the page intentionally left blank]

 

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SIGNATURE PAGE

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this Agreement to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative under seal as of the date first above-written.

EACH OF ENTITIES

SET FORTH ON APPENDIX A HERETO

 

By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

Name:   Neal J. Andrews
Title:   Chief Financial Officer

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:  

/s/ Andrew Erickson

Name:   Andrew Erickson
Title:   Executive Vice President

 

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APPENDIX A

TO

MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

 

- 24 -

Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement

Among

Each of the BlackRock Closed-End Investment Companies

Listed Herein on Appendix A

and

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

and

Computershare Inc.


Table of Contents

 

Section 1.

 

Certain Definitions

     3  

Section 2.

 

Appointment of Agent

     5  

Section 3.

 

Standard Services

     6  

Section 4.

 

Fees and Expenses

     7  

Section 5.

 

Representations and Warranties of Transfer Agent

     8  

Section 6.

 

Representations and Warranties of Customer

     8  

Section 7.

 

Indemnification/Limitation of Liability

     9  

Section 8.

 

Service Fee Credits; Service Levels

     11  

Section 9.

 

Damages

     11  

Section 10.

 

Responsibilities of the Transfer Agent

     11  

Section 11.

 

Covenants of the Customer and Transfer Agent

     12  

Section 12.

 

Addition of New Funds

     13  

Section 13.

 

Audit and Site Visits

     13  

Section 14.

 

Confidentiality

     14  

Section 15.

 

Privacy

     16  

Section 16.

 

Term and Termination

     16  

Section 17.

 

Assignment

     18  

Section 18.

 

Unaffiliated Third Parties

     19  

Section 19.

 

Disaster Recovery

     19  

Section 20.

 

Miscellaneous

     20  

Appendix A — Fund List

  

Appendix B — Form of CFTC Compliance Letter

  

Appendix C — Form of New Fund Confirmation Letter

  

 

- 2 -


AMENDED AND RESTATED TRANSFER AGENCY AGREEMENT

This Amended and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made as of July 13, 2020, by and among each of the BlackRock closed-end investment companies listed on Appendix A, as amended from time to time, having a principal office and place of business at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809 (each a “Customer” or a “Fund”), Computershare Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its fully owned subsidiary Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company (“Trust Company”), both doing business at 150 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021 (collectively the “Transfer Agent” or “Computershare”).

WHEREAS, Customer, Computershare, and Trust Company entered into that certain Transfer Agency and Service Agreement effective January 1, 2015 (“Old Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the Customer desires to confirm the appointment of Trust Company as its sole transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent for the Shares, and administrator of dividend reinvestment plans, and Computershare Inc. as processor of all payments received or made by Customer under this Agreement;

WHEREAS, Trust Company and Computershare Inc. will each continue to separately provide specified services covered by this Agreement and, in addition, Trust Company may continue to arrange for Computershare Inc. to act on behalf of Trust Company in providing certain of its services covered by this Agreement;

WHEREAS, Trust Company and Computershare Inc. desire to confirm their acceptance of such respective appointments and continue to perform the services related to such appointments; and

WHEREAS, Customer and Transfer Agent hereby agree to amend and restate the Old Agreement in its entirety as set forth herein; and

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors or Trustees, as applicable, of each Customer has approved the appointment of the Transfer Agent and the form of this Agreement.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree to the statements made in the preceding paragraphs and as follows:

Section 1. Certain Definitions.

1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

1934 Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Account” or “Accounts” means the account of each Shareholder which account shall hold any full or fractional Shares held by such Shareholder, outstanding funds or reportable tax information.

 

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Additional Services” means any and all services which are not Services, but performed by Transfer Agent upon request of a Customer.

Agreement” means this agreement and any and all appendices, exhibits or Schedules and any and all amendments or modifications, which may from time to time be executed.

Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors or the Board of Trustees, as the case may be, of each Customer.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan” means any dividend reinvestment plan, direct stock purchase plan, or other investment programs administered by the Trust Company for Customer, the services for which are as set forth in the Service Schedule.

Effective Date” means the date first stated above.

Electronic Transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, which creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

Fee Letter” means the fee letter attached to the Side Agreement as Schedule 1, as may be amended from time to time.

Initial Term” means the term commencing on the Effective Date and continuing for a period of one (1) year from such date.

KPI Document” means the KPI document describing the agreed to service levels attached to the Side Agreement as Schedule 3, as may be amended from time to time.

Schedule” or “Schedules” means each schedule attached hereto, separately or collectively as the context requires, as the same may be amended from time to time.

SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities Laws” means the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act as applicable to the Transfer Agent.

Service Schedule” means the service schedule attached to the Side Agreement as Schedule 2.

Services” means any and all services as further described herein and in the Service Schedule or the Schedules.

Share” means common units of beneficial interest or common stock, as the case may be, of each Customer authorized by the Customer’s respective Declaration of Trust or Articles of Incorporation, as the case may be.

 

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Side Agreement” means the Side Agreement for Transfer Agency Services between the Customer and Transfer Agent dated as of July 13, 2020.

Shareholder” means the holder of record of one or more Shares.

U.S.” means the states of the United States of America, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and any territory or commonwealth of the United States of America with a formal local government substantially equivalent to a state government. Each will be referred to as a “State”.

Section 2. Appointment of Agent.

 

2.1

Appointment. The Fund hereby appoints the Trust Company to serve as sole transfer agent and registrar for the Shares, Shareholder servicing agent to the Fund and administrator of the Dividend Reinvestment Plans in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof and appoints Computershare Inc. as the service provider to the Trust Company and as processor of all payments received or made by or on behalf of Customer under this Agreement, and the Trust Company and Computershare Inc. accept such respective appointments and agree in connection with such appointments to furnish the Services expressly set forth in this Agreement. Computershare represents that it is currently registered with the SEC as a transfer agent and will remain so registered during the effectiveness of this Agreement.

 

2.2

Documents. In connection with the appointment of the Trust Company as the transfer agent and registrar for a Customer, the Customer will provide or has previously provided the following documents to the Transfer Agent:

 

  (a)

Copies of Registration Statements and amendments thereto, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for initial public offerings; and

 

  (b)

Specimens of the Signatures of the officers of the Customer authorized to sign written instructions and requests.

 

2.3

Records. The books and records pertaining to the Customer required by Securities Laws and the 1940 Act which are in the possession or under the control of Computershare shall be the property of the Customer. Agent will prepare and maintain such books and records as required by Securities Laws, or as otherwise mutually agreed by the parties, subject to additional fees. Such books and records shall, to the extent practicable, be maintained separately for each Fund. Upon the reasonable request of the Fund, copies of any such books and records shall be provided by Computershare to an Authorized Person, and may be subject to a reasonable fee to be agreed upon by the parties. Transfer Agent may adopt as part of its records all lists of Shareholders, records of the Customer’s Shares, books, documents and records which have been employed by any former agent of the Customer for the maintenance of the ledgers for the Customer’s Shares, provided such ledger is certified by an officer of Customer or the prior transfer agent to be true, authentic and complete.

 

2.4

Shares. The Customer shall, if applicable, inform Transfer Agent as to (i) the existence or termination of any restrictions on the transfer of Shares and in the application to or removal from any book entry interest of stock of any legend restricting the transfer of such Shares or the substitution for such book entry interest of a book entry interest without such legend, (ii) any authorized but unissued Shares reserved for specific purposes, (iii) any outstanding shares which

 

- 5 -


  are exchangeable for Shares and the basis for exchange, (iv) reserved Shares subject to option and the details of such reservation and (v) special instructions regarding dividends and information of foreign holders.

 

2.5

Customer’s Agent. Transfer Agent represents that it is engaged in an independent business and will perform its obligations under this Agreement as an agent of the Customer.

 

2.6

Certificates. No physical certificates will be issued while this Agreement is in effect. All Shares issued while this Agreement is in effect shall be represented by book entry notations only.

Section 3. Standard Services.

 

3.1

Services. Computershare shall perform the Services set forth in the Service Schedule.

 

3.2

Information Security and Data Protection. Computershare shall comply with the provisions of Schedules 9 and 10 of the Side Agreement.

 

3.3

Reports and Information. Computershare shall provide the Funds with the reports specified in Schedule 6 of the Side Agreement within the periods of time prescribed in Schedule 6 of the Side Agreement and at no additional cost to the Funds.

 

3.4

Internet Services. Transfer Agent shall make available to Customer and Shareholders, through its web sites, including but not limited to www.computershare.com (collectively, “Web Site”), online access to certain Account and Shareholder information and certain transaction capabilities (“Internet Services”), subject to Transfer Agent’s security procedures and the terms and conditions set forth herein and on the Web Site. Transfer Agent provides Internet Services on an “as available” basis as set forth in Schedule 2 of the Side Agreement, and hereby specifically disclaims any and all representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding such Internet Services, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose and implied warranties arising from course of dealing or course of performance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Transfer Agent shall ensure that content as posted to Web Site by Transfer Agent is an accurate and complete reflection of information contained in Transfer Agent’s records database.

 

3.5

Proprietary Information. Customer agrees that the databases, programs, screen and report formats, interactive design techniques, Internet Services, software (including methods or concepts used therein, source code, object code, or related technical information) and documentation manuals furnished to Customer by Transfer Agent as part of the Services are under the control and ownership of Transfer Agent or a third party (including its affiliates) and constitute copyrighted, trade secret, or other proprietary information (collectively, “Proprietary Information”). In no event shall Proprietary Information be deemed Shareholder data. Customer agrees that Proprietary Information is of substantial value to Transfer Agent or other third party and will treat all Proprietary Information as confidential in accordance with Section 14 of this Agreement. Customer shall take reasonable efforts to advise its relevant employees and agents of its obligations pursuant to this Section 3.5. Subject to this Section 3.5, Transfer Agent grants to Customer a nonexclusive, nontransferable, royalty free license to use any Proprietary Information solely for the internal business purposes of Customer. Any rights to the Proprietary Information not expressly licensed hereunder are reserved by Transfer Agent.

 

3.6

Third Party Content. Transfer Agent may provide real-time or delayed quotations and other market information and messages (“Market Data”), which Market Data is provided to Transfer Agent by certain third parties who may assert a proprietary interest in Market Data disseminated by them but do not guarantee the timeliness, sequence, accuracy or completeness

 

- 6 -


  thereof. Customer agrees and acknowledges that Transfer Agent shall not be liable in any way for any loss or damage arising from or occasioned by any inaccuracy, error, delay in, omission of, or interruption in any Market Data or the transmission thereof.

 

3.7

Compliance with Laws. The Customer agrees the Transfer Agent is obligated to and the Transfer Agent agrees to comply with all applicable U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations, codes, order and government rules in the performance of its duties under this Agreement.

Section 4. Fees and Expenses.

 

4.1

Fee Letters. As compensation for Services rendered by Computershare during the term of this Agreement, the Fund will pay to Computershare such fees and charges and reimburse Computershare for such expenses, as set forth in the Fee Letter or as may otherwise be agreed to from time to time in writing by the Fund and Computershare.

 

4.2

Adjustments. Notwithstanding Section 4.1 above, fees may be changed from time to time as agreed upon in writing between the Transfer Agent and the Customer.

 

4.3

Invoices. The Customer agrees to pay all fees and reimbursable expenses within forty-five (45) days of receipt of the respective billing notice, except for any fees or expenses that are subject to good faith dispute. In the event of such a dispute, the Customer may only withhold that portion of the fee or expense subject to the good faith dispute. The Customer shall notify the Transfer Agent within forty-five (45) days following the receipt of each billing notice if the Customer is disputing any amounts in good faith. If the Customer does not provide such notice of dispute within the required time, the billing notice will be deemed accepted by the Customer. The Customer shall settle such disputed amounts within a reasonable time following the day on which the parties agree on the amount to be paid by payment of the agreed amount. If no agreement is reached, then such disputed amounts shall be settled as may be required by law or legal process.

 

4.4

Late Payments.

(a) If any undisputed amount in an invoice of the Transfer Agent (for fees or reimbursable expenses) is not paid when due, the Customer shall pay the Transfer Agent interest thereon (from the due date to the date of payment) at a per annum rate equal to one percent (1.0%) plus the Prime Rate (that is, the base rate on corporate loans posted by large domestic Transfer Agents) published by The Wall Street Journal (or, in the event such rate is not so published, a reasonably equivalent published rate selected by Customer on the first day of publication during the month when such amount was due. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, such interest rate shall be no greater than permitted under applicable provisions of Massachusetts law.

(b) The failure by Customer to pay an invoice within 45 days after written and telephonic notice to Customer that payment is overdue or the failure by the Customer to timely pay two consecutive invoices shall constitute a material breach pursuant to Section 16.3(a) below. Transfer Agent will provide notice by writing and telephone forty-five (45) days after payment is past due. The Transfer Agent may terminate this Agreement for such material breach immediately and shall not be obligated to provide the Customer with 30 days to cure such breach.

 

4.5

Taxes. Fund is responsible for all taxes, levies, duties, and assessments levied on Services purchased under this Agreement (collectively, “Transaction Taxes”). Computershare Inc. is responsible for collecting and remitting Transaction Taxes in all jurisdictions in which Computershare Inc. is registered to collect such Transaction Taxes. Computershare Inc. shall invoice Fund for such Transaction Taxes that Computershare Inc. is obligated to collect upon the

 

- 7 -


  furnishing of Services. Fund shall pay such Transaction Taxes according to the terms in Section 7.3. Computershare Inc. shall timely remit to the appropriate governmental authorities all such Transaction Taxes that Computershare Inc. collects from Customer. To the extent that Fund provides Computershare Inc. with valid exemption certificates, direct pay permits, or other documentation that exempts Computershare Inc. from collecting Transaction Taxes from Fund, invoices issued for Services provided after Computershare Inc.’s receipt of such certificates, permits, or other documentation will not reflect exempted Transaction Taxes. Computershare Inc. is solely responsible for the payment of all personal property taxes, franchise taxes, corporate excise or privilege taxes, property or license taxes, taxes relating to Computershare Inc.’s personnel, and taxes based on Computershare Inc.’s net income or gross revenues relating to Services.

Section 5. Representations and Warranties of Transfer Agent.

 

5.1

Governance. Computershare Trust Company, N.A. is a federally chartered limited purpose national bank duly organized under the laws of the U.S. and Computershare Inc. is a corporation validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and they have full corporate power, authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Computershare has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and constitutes the legal valid and binding obligation of Computershare enforceable against Computershare in accordance with its terms.

 

5.2

Compliance. The execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement by Computershare will not violate, conflict with or result in the breach of any material term, condition or provision of, or require the consent of any other party to, (i) any existing law, ordinance, or governmental rule or regulation to which Computershare is subject, (ii) any judgment, order, writ, injunction, decree or award of any court, arbitrator or governmental or governmental or regulatory official, body or authority which is applicable to Computershare, (iii) the incorporation documents or by-laws of, or any material agreement to which Computershare is a party.

 

5.3

Facilities. The Transfer Agent has and will continue to have access to the necessary facilities, equipment and personnel to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement.

 

5.4

Insurance. The Transfer Agent shall procure and maintain in effect all insurance coverages required by law, and further, shall procure and maintain the policies of insurance (regardless of whether such insurance is required by law) covering claims and liabilities arising from this Agreement as identified in Schedule 8 of the Side Agreement.

Section 6. Representations and Warranties of Customer.

 

6.1

Each Customer severally and not jointly represents and warrants to the Transfer Agent that:

 

  (a)

Organization. It is a corporation or Trust duly organized and existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization;

 

  (b)

Governance. It is empowered under applicable laws and by its charter documents to enter into and perform this Agreement. All corporate proceedings required by said charter documents and applicable law have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by each Customer has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or trust action and constitutes the legal valid and binding obligation of each Customer enforceable against each Customer in accordance with its terms;

 

- 8 -


  (c)

A registration statement under the 1933 Act has been filed and is currently effective, or will be effective prior to the sale of any Shares, and will remain so effective, and all appropriate state securities law filings have been made with respect to all the Shares of each Customer outstanding or being offered for sale except for any Shares which are offered in a transaction or series of transactions which are exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act and state securities laws; information to the contrary will result in immediate notification to the Transfer Agent.

Section 7. Indemnification/Limitation of Liability.

 

7.1

Standard of Care. The Transfer Agent shall at all times act in good faith and agrees to use its best efforts within reasonable time limits to insure the accuracy of all Services performed under this Agreement, but assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable for loss or damage unless said loss or damage is caused by its negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct or that of its employees as set forth or breach of any representation or warranty of the Transfer Agent hereunder and subject to the limitations set forth hereunder in Section 7.4 below.

 

7.2

Customer Indemnity. The Transfer Agent shall not be responsible for, and the Customer shall indemnify and hold the Transfer Agent harmless from and against, any and all claims, losses, damages, costs, charges, payments, expenses, liability and, court costs, fees and expenses of attorneys, expert witnesses, and other professionals reasonably acceptable to Customer arising out of or attributable to:

 

  (a)

All actions of the Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors required to be taken pursuant to this Agreement, provided such actions are taken in good faith and without negligence or willful misconduct;

 

  (b)

The Customer’s bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct or the material breach of any representation or warranty of the Customer hereunder;

 

  (c)

The reliance or use by the Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors of information, records and documents which (i) are received by the Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors and furnished to it by or on behalf of the Customer, and (ii) have been prepared and /or maintained by the Customer or any other person or firm on behalf of the Customer;

 

  (d)

The reliance or use by the Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors of any paper or document reasonably believed to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper person or persons including Shareholders;

 

  (e)

The reliance on, or the carrying out by the Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors of any instructions or requests of the Customer’s representatives, provided such actions are taken in good faith and without negligence or willful misconduct; and

 

  (f)

The offer or sale of Shares in violation of any federal or state securities laws requiring that such shares be registered or in violation of any stop order or other determination or ruling by any federal or state agency with respect to the offer or sale of such Shares.

 

7.3

Instructions. From time to time, the Customer may provide Transfer Agent with instructions concerning the Services. In addition, at any time the Transfer Agent may apply to any officer of the Customer for instruction, and may consult with legal counsel reasonably acceptable to Customer with respect to any matter arising in connection with the services to be performed by

 

- 9 -


  the Transfer Agent under this Agreement, and Transfer Agent and its agents and subcontractors shall not be liable and shall be indemnified by the Customer for taking action or omitting to take action by it in reliance upon such instructions or upon the advice or opinion of such counsel provided that when the action is taken it is performed in good faith and without negligence or willful misconduct. The Transfer Agent, its agents and subcontractors shall be protected and indemnified in acting upon any paper or document reasonably believed to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper person or persons, or upon any instruction, information, data, records or documents provided the Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors by telephone, in person, machine readable input, telex, CRT data entry or similar means authorized by the Customer or the Fund, and shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any person, until receipt of written notice thereof from the Customer. The Transfer Agent, its agents and subcontractors shall also be protected and indemnified in recognizing stock certificates which are reasonably believed to bear the proper manual or facsimile signatures of officers of the Customer, and the proper countersignature of any former transfer agent or former registrar, or of a co-transfer agent or co-registrar.

 

7.4

Transfer Agent Indemnification/Limitation of Liability. Transfer Agent shall be responsible for and shall indemnify and hold the Customer harmless from and against any and all claims, losses, damages, costs, charges, payments, expenses, liability, court costs, and reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys, expert witnesses, and other professionals, arising out of or attributable to Transfer Agent’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, or which arise out of Transfer Agent’s bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct or which arise out of the breach of any representation or warranty of Transfer Agent hereunder, for which Transfer Agent is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement. Any liability of the Transfer Agent shall be limited as set forth in Schedule 11 of the Side Agreement.

 

7.5

Events Beyond Reasonable Control. Neither party nor its affiliates shall be liable for any loss (including loss caused by delays, failure, errors, interruption or loss of data) or breach hereunder occurring directly or indirectly by reason of any event or circumstance, whether foreseeable or unforeseeable, which despite the taking of commercially reasonable measures is beyond its reasonable control, including without limitation: natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes and wildfires; epidemics; action or inaction of civil or military authority; war, terrorism, riots or insurrection; criminal acts; job action by organized labor; interruption, loss or malfunction of utilities, transportation, computer or communications capabilities; non-performance by third parties (other than subcontractors of Transfer Agent for duties or obligations described herein, except to the extent that such non-performance would be an Event Beyond Reasonable Control of Transfer Agent if Transfer Agent was itself the non-performing party and the event(s) referenced above had affected Transfer Agent); or functions or malfunctions of the internet, firewalls, encryption systems or security devices caused by any of the foregoing (all and any of the foregoing being an “Event Beyond Reasonable Control”). Upon the occurrence of an Event Beyond Reasonable Control, the affected party shall be excused from any non-performance caused by the Event Beyond Reasonable Control for so long such affected party continues to use commercially reasonable efforts to attempt to perform the obligation so impacted.

 

7.6

Notice. In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this Section 7 shall apply, upon the assertion of a claim for which one party may be required to indemnify the other, the party seeking indemnification shall promptly notify the other party of such assertion, and shall keep the other party advised with respect to all developments concerning such claim. The indemnifying

 

- 10 -


  party shall have the option to participate with the indemnified party in the defense of such claim or to defend against said claim in its own name or the name of the indemnified party. The indemnified party shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnifying party may be required to indemnify it except with the indemnifying party’s prior written consent.

Section 8. Service Fee Credits; Service Levels.

 

8.1

The KPI Document sets forth provisions applicable to the determination and assessment of “Service Fee Credits”, as such term is defined in the KPI Document. Service Fee Credits shall not be an exclusive remedy for any loss incurred as a result of breach conduct (which may be claimable as damages pursuant to the terms of this Agreement), but are intended to be a form of recompense to the Fund for failure by the Transfer Agent to deliver the Services in a proper, timely and consistent manner, in view of the key significance that the service levels have to the Fund. The application of Service Fee Credits shall be without prejudice to any rights of the Fund under this Agreement including the right of the Fund to terminate this Agreement pursuant to the terms of the Agreement or to claim damages from Transfer Agent, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, as a result of any matter constituting breach conduct that contributes to circumstances that cause Service Fee Credits that accrue to the Customer.

 

8.2

The Services provided by Computershare to the Fund shall be provided in accordance with the terms of the KPI Document, as relevant. The KPI Document is subject to change, as agreed in writing between the parties.

Section 9. Damages.

 

9.1

NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THE AGREEMENT, IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY PARTY, ITS AFFILIATES OR ANY OF ITS OR THEIR DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR SUBCONTRACTORS BE LIABLE UNDER ANY THEORY OF TORT, CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR LOST PROFITS, FOR EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY OTHER DAMAGES WHICH ARE NOT DIRECT DAMAGES REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGES WERE OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN FORESEEABLE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANY ENTITY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, ALL AND EACH OF WHICH DAMAGES IS HEREBY EXCLUDED BY AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES. FOR PURPOSES OF CLARIFICATION: NO OTHER PROVISION OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE INTERPRETED TO CONDITION, LIMIT, MODIFY, NULLIFY OR OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN WHOLE OR IN PART OVER THIS SECTION 9

Section 10. Responsibilities of the Transfer Agent.

 

10.1

The Transfer Agent undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Customer, by its acceptance hereof, shall be bound:

 

  (a)

Whenever in the performance of its duties hereunder the Transfer Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, the President,

 

- 11 -


  any Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant treasurer, the Secretary any Assistant Secretary or Chief Financial Officer of the Customer and delivered to the Transfer Agent. Such certificate shall be full authorization to the Transfer Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate provided the action taken is without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

 

  (b)

The Customer agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Transfer Agent for the carrying out, or performing by the Transfer Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

  (c)

Transfer Agent, any of its affiliates or subsidiaries, and any stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Transfer Agent may buy, sell or deal in the securities of the Customer or become pecuniary interested in any transaction in which the Customer may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Customer or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not appointed as agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Transfer Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Customer or for any other legal entity.

 

  (d)

No provision of this Agreement shall require the Transfer Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if it shall believe in good faith that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

Section 11. Covenants of the Customer and Transfer Agent.

 

11.1

Customer Corporate Authority. The Customer has previously furnished or shall furnish to the Transfer Agent the following:

 

  (a)

A copy of the Articles of incorporation and By-Laws of the Customer;

 

  (b)

Copies of all material amendments to its Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws made after the date of this Agreement, promptly after such amendments are made; and

 

  (c)

A certificate of the Customer as to the Shares authorized, issued and outstanding, as well as a description of all reserves of unissued shares relating to the exercise of options, warrants or a conversion of debentures or otherwise.

 

11.2

Transfer Agent Facilities. The Transfer Agent hereby agrees to establish and maintain facilities and procedures consistent with industry standards for the safekeeping of check forms and facsimile signature imprinting devices, if any, and for the preparation, use, and recordkeeping of such forms and devices.

 

11.3

Notification. Customer shall notify the Transfer Agent as soon as possible in advance of any stock split, stock dividend or any similar event which may affect the Shares and any bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other proceeding regarding Customer affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Agreement to the contrary, the Transfer Agent will have no obligation to perform any Services under the Agreement subsequent to the commencement of any bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other proceeding regarding Customer affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights unless the Transfer Agent receives assurance satisfactory to it that it will receive full payment for such services. Further, Customer may not assume the Agreement after the filing of a bankruptcy petition without the Transfer Agent’s written consent.

 

- 12 -


11.4

Summary of Policies and Procedures. Transfer Agent shall upon request provide Customer with a summary of any of its policies and procedures relating to Services or this Agreement and provide prompt summary e-mail notification of material changes to such policies and procedures

Section 12. Addition or Deletion of a Fund.

 

12.1

The parties shall cooperate to update Appendix A (e.g., add or remove a Fund) within 30 days of the end of each calendar quarter to reflect the addition or deletion of any Fund receiving Services pursuant to this Agreement.

 

12.2

The parties agree that Appendix A may be amended for purposes of Section 12.1 and otherwise without an executed written amendment if (a) any member of the BlackRock Relationship Team (as identified in Schedule 4 of the Side Agreement) delivers by email to the Transfer Agent Senior Customer Service Officer or a Transfer Agent Customer Service Officer (all as identified in Schedule 4 of the Side Agreement) (i) a copy of an amended and restated Appendix A, dated as of the date such amended and restated Appendix A is intended to be effective, and (ii) to the extent a Fund is being added, a letter substantially in the format stated in Appendix C signed by an authorized officer of such Fund confirming the addition of such Fund as a party to the Agreement, and (b) the Transfer Agent Senior Customer Service Officer or a Transfer Agent Customer Service Officer, as the case may be, receiving the email message and attachment(s) acknowledges in a responding email that the amended and restated Appendix A has been received.

 

12.3

The parties agree that Funds listed on Appendix A, as it may be amended from time to time, automatically agree to be bound by the terms of the Side Agreement.

 

12.4

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Transfer Agent determines and advises the Customer that additions or revisions to the SCRIP System are necessary in order to accommodate any such new fund the Customer shall be deemed to have submitted a request for an amendment to the Agreement.

Section 13. Audits and Site Visits.

 

13.1

Subject to the further provisions of this Section 13, a reasonable number of representatives of the Customer together, if applicable, with auditors associated with a firm of certified independent public accountants (“Auditor Firms”) may, during normal weekday business hours, upon giving the Transfer Agent at least twenty (20) days advance notice, no more frequently than once per year (unless required by Customer’s regulators or in response to a previously-identified deficiency, in which event the additional audit will only relate to such deficiency), except that, at mutually agreed dates, and subject to the Transfer Agent’s reasonable security, privacy and confidentiality policies and procedures inspect the Transfer Agent premises principally utilized to perform the Services and related operations, and (ii) examine on-site any books and records required to be maintained by the Transfer Agent in connection with the performance of the Services and the written procedures utilized by the Transfer Agent in performing the Services, solely to determine the Transfer Agent’s compliance with this Agreement.

 

13.2

During the annual site visit by the BlackRock Relationship Team at mutually agreed dates, and subject to the Transfer Agent’s reasonable security, privacy and confidentiality policies and procedures the Customer may, subject to the further provisions of this Section 13, (i) inspect the Transfer Agent premises principally utilized to perform the Services and related operations, and

 

- 13 -


  (ii) request the Transfer Agent provide system and transaction processing demonstrations, and (iii) make available employees with knowledge about the Services performed to conduct discussions with the Customer and answer reasonable questions of the Customer about such subjects.

 

13.3

Subject to the further provisions of this Section 13, and Transfer Agent’s reasonable security, privacy and confidentiality policies and procedures. Transfer Agent will give regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over the Customer, upon reasonable advance written notice and during normal weekday business hours, the ability to (i) inspect the Transfer Agent premises principally utilized to perform the Services and related operations, and (ii) examine on-site any books and records required to be maintained by the Transfer Agent in connection with the performance of the Services.

 

13.4

Transfer Agent shall not be required in connection with any site visits under this Section 13 to engage in any conduct that would significantly interfere with or disrupt the normal business operations of the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent may, in its sole discretion, prohibit the Customer, personnel of Auditor Firms, and regulators of the Customer from entering certain areas of its facilities for security reasons, in which case the Transfer Agent will provide the Customer with alternative access to the books and records, information or personnel in such restricted area, to the extent reasonably possible. Audits shall not include penetration testing. Any audit under this Section 13 includes the right to inspect the books and records of the Transfer Agent on-site at Transfer Agent’s office, but not the right to copy any records. The Customer will provide the Transfer Agent with a written scope of work including a mutually agreed level of detail, at least 10 business days in advance of commencement of any audit. Personnel of Auditor Firms or regulators of the Customer, who in the sole judgment of the Transfer Agent will have access to customer, confidential, proprietary or other privileged information of the Transfer Agent, must prior to the site visit if so requested by the Transfer Agent execute confidentiality agreements containing terms reasonably satisfactory to the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent shall not under any circumstances be obligated to divulge any information that is prohibited by law or by a confidentiality agreement with a third party.

 

13.5

The Customer will compensate the Transfer Agent for all out of pocket expenses incurred in connection with any audit under this Section 13, and will also compensate the Transfer Agent, in accordance with the Transfer Agent’s fee schedule in effect at the time of such audit, for the time of each of the Transfer Agent’s employees required to assist with such audit; provided, however, that in no event shall the Customer be charged for the time incurred by the Transfer Agent’s Relationship Management employees required to assist with such audit.

Section 14. Confidentiality.

 

14.1

Each party shall keep the Confidential Information (as defined in below) of the other party in confidence and will not use or disclose or allow access to or use of such Confidential Information except as set forth in Section 14.4 below. Each party acknowledges that the Confidential Information of the disclosing party will remain the sole property of such party. In complying with the first sentence of this Section 14.1, each party will use at least the same degree of care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but in no event less than a commercially reasonable degree of care.

 

14.2

Subject to Sections 14.3 and 14.4 below, “Confidential Information” means (i) except to the extent disclosure may be required by the Securities Laws or the 1940 Act, the terms and

 

- 14 -


  conditions (but not the existence of) this Agreement, all compensation agreements, arrangements and understandings (including waivers) respecting this Agreement, disputes pertaining to the Agreement, and information about a party’s exercise of rights hereunder, performance of obligations hereunder or other conduct of a party in connection with the Agreement, in whatever form, and (ii) information and data of, owned by or about a disclosing party or its affiliates, customers, or subcontractors that may be provided to the other party or become known to the other party in the course of the relationship established by this Agreement, regardless of form or content, including but not limited to (A) competitively sensitive material, and not generally known to the public, including, but not limited to, studies, plans, reports, surveys, summaries, documentation and analyses, regardless of form, information about product plans, marketing strategies, finances, operations, customer relationships, customer profiles, customer lists, sales estimates, business plans, and internal performance results relating to the past, present or future business activities of the Fund or Computershare, their respective subsidiaries and Affiliates and the customers, clients and suppliers of any of them; (B) scientific, technical or technological information, a design, process, procedure, formula, or improvement that is commercially valuable and secret in the sense that its confidentiality affords the Fund or Computershare a competitive advantage over its competitors; (C) a confidential or proprietary concept, Proprietary Information, documentation, report, data, specification, computer software, source code, object code, flow chart, database, invention, know how, trade secret, whether or not patentable or copyrightable; (D) information related to security, disaster recovery, business continuity and any other operational plans, procedures, practices and protocols, and (E) anything designated as confidential.

 

14.3

Information or data that would otherwise constitute Confidential Information under Section 14.2 shall not constitute Confidential Information to the extent it:

 

  (a)

is already known to the receiving party at the time it is obtained;

 

  (b)

is or becomes publicly known or available through no wrongful act of the receiving party;

 

  (c)

is rightfully received from a third party who, to the receiving party’s knowledge, is not under a duty of confidentiality;

 

  (d)

is released by the protected party to a third party without restriction; or

 

  (e)

has been or is independently developed or obtained by the receiving party without reference to the Confidential Information provided by the protected party.

 

14.4

Confidential Information of a disclosing party may be used or disclosed by the receiving party in the circumstances set forth below but except for such permitted use or disclosure shall remain Confidential Information subject to all applicable terms of this Agreement:

 

  (a)

in connection with activities contemplated by this Agreement;

 

  (b)

as required by law or regulation or pursuant to a court order, subpoena, order or request of a governmental or regulatory or self-regulatory authority or agency, or binding discovery request in pending litigation (provided that, other than for requests to the Transfer Agent for Shareholder records pursuant to standard subpoenas from state or federal government authorities (e.g., divorce and criminal actions) the receiving party will provide the other party written notice of such requirement or request, to the extent such notice is permitted, and subject to proper jurisdiction, if applicable);

 

- 15 -


  (c)

in connection with inquiries, examinations, audits or other reviews by a governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory authority or agency, audits by independent auditors or requests for advice or opinions from counsel;

 

  (d)

the information or data is relevant and material to any claim or cause of action between the parties or the defense of any claim or cause of action asserted against the receiving party; or

 

  (e)

as otherwise agreed in writing between the parties.

 

14.5

Subject to the exceptions in Section 14.4, each party agrees not to publicly disseminate Confidential Information of the other party or mutual Confidential Information.

 

14.6

Notwithstanding Section 20.8 (Survival) of this Agreement, the provisions of this Section 14 shall survive termination of this Agreement for a period of three (3) years after such termination.

Section 15. Privacy.

 

15.1

Computershare agrees to implement and maintain appropriate security measures to protect “personal information”, as that term is defined in 201 CMR 17.00: Standards For The Protection Of Personal Information Of Residents Of The Commonwealth (“Massachusetts Privacy Regulation”), consistent with the Massachusetts Privacy Regulation and any applicable federal regulations. Computershare shall treat non-public personal information of Shareholders as confidential, and shall not disclose such information except in connection with carrying out the Services set forth in this Agreement, as required by law or regulation, or as allowed in this Agreement.

Section 16. Term and Termination.

 

16.1

Term. This Agreement shall be effective from the Effective Date and shall remain in full force and effect and continue through to the end of the Initial Term and shall, upon the expiration thereof, be automatically renewed thereafter for successive one (1) year terms, unless terminated pursuant to Section 16.

 

16.2

Termination for Convenience. Either party may terminate this Agreement by providing a written notice of termination to the other party, specifying the date this Agreement will terminate as follows: (a) if terminated by Customer, at least 90 days and not more than 365 days in advance of the termination date so specified in the notice, or (b) if terminated by Computershare, at least 180 days and not more than 365 days in advance of the termination date so specified in the notice.

 

16.3

Termination for Cause. Without prejudice to its other rights under this Agreement, a party (the “Terminating Party”) shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement if:

 

  (a)

the other party commits a material breach of the Agreement which is capable of being remedied but, following receipt of written notice of such material breach from the Terminating Party, the breaching party does not remedy the material breach within 90 days of receiving such notice (or within such other period as the Customer and the Transfer Agent may agree upon following receipt of such notice). In such case, the Terminating Party may terminate this Agreement by providing a written notice of termination to the breaching party, specifying the date as of which this Agreement will terminate, which may be any date, including the date such written notice is provided, however, the failure by the Customer to pay an invoiced Fee which is subject to a good faith dispute shall not constitute a material breach of the Agreement;

 

- 16 -


  (b)

a party commits a material breach of the Agreement which is not capable of being remedied. In such case, the Terminating Party may terminate this Agreement by providing a written notice of termination to the breaching party, specifying the date as of which this Agreement will terminate, which may be any date 90 days from the date such written notice is provided;

 

  (c)

In the case of Transfer Agent assigning this Agreement pursuant to Section 17.1, Customer may terminate this Agreement. Customer must exercise its right to terminate pursuant to this Section 16.3(c) within 60 days from the date Customer receives notice of such assignment and must provide the Transfer Agent with not less than ninety (90) days prior written notice of termination.

 

  (d)

a party ceases to maintain a regulatory license, registration, permission or authorization that, in the case of the Transfer Agent materially impairs its ability to provide the Services or any material portion thereof or in the case of the Customer, materially alters its ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement; or

 

  (e)

the other party becomes the subject of a significant action (such as an enforcement action or investigation) by a regulatory authority with jurisdiction over that party that materially impacts, in the case of the Transfer Agent, its ability to provide Services and, in the case of the Customer, its ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement.

 

16.4

Regulatory Necessity. In the event the Customer, is required by the written directive an applicable provincial or federal regulatory or self-regulatory organization with jurisdiction over the Customer (the “Issuing Regulator”) to terminate this Agreement or to cease to receive or procure one or more Services from the Transfer Agent or to cease to carry on the business for the purpose of which it requires the Services due to any circumstance relating specifically to the Transfer Agent (a “Termination Directive”), the Customer shall provide the Transfer Agent with a copy of the Termination Directive as promptly as permitted by such Termination Directive, if permitted, and thereafter be entitled to terminate the Agreement or impacted Services in accordance with the requirements of the Termination Directive.

 

16.5

Termination by the Customer. The Customer may terminate this Agreement by providing a written notice of termination to the Transfer Agent, specifying the date as of which this Agreement will terminate, which may be any date, including the date such written notice is provided, provided the circumstances described below giving rise to the termination right are continuing at the time of the Transfer Agent’s receipt of such written notice, if as a result of an Event Beyond Reasonable Control:

 

  (a)

The Transfer Agent is prevented from performing the whole or substantially the whole of the Services, or of any key elements of the Services, for a continuous period in excess of 60 days; or

 

  (b)

The Transfer Agent is prevented from performing the whole or substantially the whole of the Services, or of any key elements of the Services for a continuous period in excess of 14 days and during that period it has not used all commercially reasonable efforts to: find a solution by which its obligations under this Agreement may be performed despite the continuance of the Event Beyond Reasonable Control; or attempt to perform the impacted obligations, including by implementing its business continuity and disaster recovery plan.

 

- 17 -


16.6

Insolvency.

 

  (a)

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Customer or the Transfer Agent may in their or its sole discretion terminate this Agreement immediately by sending notice thereof to the other party upon the happening of any of the following to such other party:

 

  (i)

such party commences as debtor any case or proceeding under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or there is commenced against such party any such case or proceeding;

 

  (ii)

such party commences as debtor any case or proceeding seeking the appointment of a receiver, conservator, trustee, custodian or similar official for such party or any substantial part of its property or there is commenced against such party any such case or proceeding;

 

  (iii)

such party makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or

 

  (iv)

such party states in any medium, written, electronic or otherwise, any public communication or in any other public manner its inability to pay debts as they come due.

 

  (b)

Each of the Customer, and the Transfer Agent may exercise its termination right under Section 16 at any time after the occurrence of any of the foregoing events notwithstanding that such event may cease to be continuing prior to such exercise, and any delay in exercising this right shall not be construed as a waiver or other extinguishment of that right. Any exercise by the Customer or the Transfer Agent of its termination right under Section 16 shall be without any prejudice to any other remedies or rights available to such party and shall not be subject to any fee or penalty, whether monetary or equitable. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, notice of termination under this Section 16 shall be considered given and effective when given, not when received.

 

16.7

Each party will notify the other party promptly of any occurrence of the circumstances specified in Sections 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, and 16.6. No failure or delay by a party to give any such notice will prejudice or limit the rights of the other party to terminate this Agreement (whether arising out of, in connection with or relating to this Agreement or otherwise).

 

16.8

Records. Upon receipt of written notice of termination, the parties will use commercially practicable efforts to effect an orderly termination of this Agreement. Subject to the provisions in Schedule 7 of the Side Agreement, the Transfer Agent will deliver promptly to the Customer electronically or in other media, in Computershare’s industry standard format, all stockholder and other records, files and data supplied to or compiled by the Transfer Agent on behalf of the Customer, subject to applicable law and Transfer Agent’s records management policy.

Section 17. Assignment.

 

17.1

Affiliates. Upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to Customer, the Transfer Agent may, without further consent of the Customer assign its right and obligations hereunto to any affiliated and registered transfer agent under Rule 17Ac2-1 promulgated under the 1934 Act. The Transfer Agent will not assign its rights and obligations to any other person without the Customer’s prior written consent.

 

17.2

Sub-contractors. The Transfer Agent may, without further consent of the Customer, subcontract with (a) any affiliates, or (b) unaffiliated subcontractors such services as may be required from

 

- 18 -


  time to time (e.g., lost shareholder searches, escheatment, telephone and mailing services); provided, however, that the Transfer Agent shall be as fully responsible to the Customer for the acts and omissions of any subcontractor as it is for its own acts and omissions.

Section 18. Unaffiliated Third Parties.

 

18.1

Nothing herein shall impose any duty upon the Transfer Agent in connection with or make the Transfer Agent liable for the actions or omissions to act of unaffiliated third parties such as, by way of example and not limitation, airborne services, the U.S. mails and telecommunication companies, provided, if the Transfer Agent selected such company, the Transfer Agent shall have exercised due care in selecting the same.

Section 19. Disaster Recovery.

 

19.1

Computershare shall maintain or arrange with third parties for back-up facilities (“Back-Up Facilities”) to the primary operations and data centers used by Computershare to provide the Services (“Primary Facilities”). The Back-Up Facilities will be capable of providing the Services in the event an incident to the Primary Facilities significantly interrupts the delivery of a significant Service. In the event of equipment failures, Computershare shall, at no additional expense to the Fund, take reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions, including using the Back-Up Facilities where appropriate.

 

19.2

Computershare shall develop and maintain a business continuity plan containing disaster recovery procedures for its data centers and operations facilities (“Business Continuity Plan”). Computershare will provide business continuity and disaster recovery services in accordance with its Business Continuity Plan. Computershare’s Business Continuity Plan will at a minimum contain:

 

  (a)

Crisis management procedures for command and control during a disaster;

 

  (b)

Emergency notification process;

 

  (c)

Activation procedures including assignment of the authority to activate;

 

  (d)

Recovery process;

 

  (e)

Procedures and accommodations for the recovery of systems, applications and networks; and

 

  (f)

Identification of external service providers required for recovery, including but not limited to, disaster recovery service providers, equipment maintenance, transportation, salvage and building maintenance.

 

19.3

Annually, or upon the Fund’s reasonable request, Computershare will certify that its Business Continuity Plan complies with the provisions of this Section 19 and Schedule 5 of the Side Agreement.

 

19.4

Attached to the Side Agreement as Schedule 5 is an executive summary of the Business Continuity Plan as the Business Continuity Plan was constituted on the Effective Date which sets forth in reasonable detail the characteristics of the Business Continuity Plan. Computershare shall annually provide the Fund with an executive summary in written form of the Business Continuity Plan, updated as necessary to incorporate into the executive summary, as of the date provided, summaries of any changes to the Business Continuity Plan since the Effective Date, or the date of the last executive summary of the Business Continuity Plan provided to the Fund, as the case may be.

 

- 19 -


Section 20. Miscellaneous.

20.1 Notices.

All notices or other communications required to be given pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing, including by Electronic Transmission, and shall be deemed given when (i) delivered in person, by overnight delivery through a commercial courier service, or by registered or certified mail or (ii) delivered by electronic mail directed to the electronic mail address set out in this Section 20. Notices shall be addressed to each party at its address set forth below, or such other address as the recipient may have specified by earlier notice to the sender.

If to the Customer:

c/o BlackRock Advisors, LLC

100 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, Delaware 19809

Attn: TA Oversight

E-mail: Matthew.luongo@blackrock.com

If to the Transfer Agent:

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

150 Royall Street

Canton, MA 02021

Attn: Client Services

Email:Jennifer.bridges@computershare.com;

Jeffrey.Almeida@computershare.com; Angela.Dray@computershare.com

The Transfer Agent and the Customer may, by notice to the other, designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

20.2 Successors.

All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Customer or the Transfer Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

20.3 Amendments.

This Agreement may be amended or modified by a written amendment executed by both parties hereto and, to the extent required by Customer, authorized or approved by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Customer, subject to the provisions of Section 12.

 

- 20 -


20.4 Severability.

If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provision, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.

20.5 Governing Law.

This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

20.6 Descriptive Headings.

Descriptive headings of the several sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

20.7 Third Party Beneficiaries.

The provisions of this Agreement are intended to benefit only the Transfer Agent, the Customer and their respective permitted successors and assigns. No rights shall be granted to any other person by virtue of this Agreement, and there are no third party beneficiaries hereof.

20.8 Survival.

All provisions regarding indemnification, warranty, liability and limits thereon, and confidentiality and protection of proprietary rights and trade secrets shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

20.9 Merger of Agreement.

This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto and supersedes any prior agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof, whether oral or written.

20.10 Priorities.

In the event of any conflict, discrepancy, or ambiguity between the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement and any schedules or attachments hereto, the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement shall take precedence.

20.11 Counterparts.

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A signature to this Agreement transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect, and enforceability as an original signature.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be executed by one of its officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first written above.

 

- 21 -


Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and

Computershare Inc.

       
On Behalf of Both Entities:      

On Behalf of the BlackRock Closed-End

Investment Companies Listed on Appendix A:

By:  

 

    By:  

 

Name:   Jennifer Warren     Name:   Neal J. Andrews
Title:   CEO Issuer Services, North America     Title:   Chief Financial Officer
Date:       Date:  

 

- 22 -

Exhibit (k)(2)

ADMINISTRATION AND FUND ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

Between

Each BlackRock Management Investment Company Listed in Schedule A

And

State Street Bank and Trust Company

Dated as of December 31, 2018


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

1.

 

APPOINTMENT OF ADMINISTRATOR

     4  

2.

 

DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS

     4  

3.

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

     5  

4.

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE FUNDS

     5  

5.

 

ADMINISTRATION SERVICES

     6  

6.

 

COMPENSATION OF ADMINISTRATOR; EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT; FUND EXPENSES

     6  

7.

 

INSTRUCTIONS AND ADVICE

     6  

8.

 

STANDARD OF CARE; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

     7  

9.

 

CONFIDENTIALITY

     8  

10.

 

USE OF DATA

     8  

11.

 

COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENTAL RULES AND REGULATIONS; RECORDS

     9  

12.

 

SERVICES NOT EXCLUSIVE

     9  

13.

 

EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION

     9  

14.

 

DELEGATION

     10  

15.

 

INTERPRETIVE AND ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

     10  

16.

 

NOTICES

     11  

17.

 

AMENDMENT

     11  

18.

 

ASSIGNMENT

     11  

19.

 

SUCCESSORS

     11  

20.

 

DATA PROTECTION

     11  

21.

 

ENTIRE AGREEMENT

     12  

22.

 

WAIVER

     12  

23.

 

SEVERABILITY

     12  

24.

 

GOVERNING LAW

     12  

25.

 

REPRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

     12  

26.

 

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES

     12  

27.

 

COUNTERPARTS

     12  

 

- 2 -


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

SCHEDULE A

 

LISTING OF FUNDS AND PORTFOLIOS

SCHEDULE B

 

LIST OF SERVICES

SCHEDULE B1

 

FUND ADMINISTRATION TREASURY SERVICES

SCHEDULE B2

 

FUND ADMINISTRATION TAX SERVICES

SCHEDULE B5

 

FUND ADMINISTRATION MONEY MARKET FUND SERVICES

SCHEDULE B6

 

FUND ADMINISTRATION FORM N-PORT AND FORM N-CEN SUPPORT SERVICES

SCHEDULE B7

 

FUND ACCOUNTING SERVICES

 

- 3 -


ADMINISTRATION AND FUND ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

This Administration and Fund Accounting Services Agreement (“Agreement”) dated and effective as of December 31, 2018, is by and between State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Administrator”), and each management investment company identified on Schedule A hereto, together with each management investment company which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”).

WHEREAS, each Fund is, unless otherwise noted, an open-end or closed-end, management investment company, and may be currently comprised of different series (each, a “Portfolio” and collectively, the “Portfolios”), and is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) by means of a registration statement (“Registration Statement”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and in most instances, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”); and

WHEREAS, each Fund desires to retain the Administrator to furnish certain administrative services to the Funds, and the Administrator is willing to furnish such services, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1.

APPOINTMENT OF ADMINISTRATOR

Each Fund hereby appoints the Administrator to act as administrator to such Fund for purposes of providing certain administrative services for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Administrator accepts such appointment and agrees to render the services stated herein.

Certain Funds currently consist of the Portfolios as listed in Schedule A to this Agreement. In the event that a Fund establishes one or more additional Portfolio(s) with respect to which it wishes to retain the Administrator to act as administrator hereunder, the Fund shall notify the Administrator in writing. Upon written acceptance by the Administrator, such Portfolio(s) shall become subject to the provisions of this Agreement to the same extent as the existing Portfolios, except to the extent that such provisions (including those relating to compensation and expenses payable) may be modified with respect to such Portfolio in writing by the Fund and the Administrator at the time of the addition of such Portfolio.

 

2.

DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS

Each Fund has or will promptly deliver, or make available electronically, to the Administrator copies of each of the following documents and all future amendments and supplements, if any:

 

  a.

The Fund’s Charter Documents (“Governing Documents”);

 

  b.

The Fund’s currently effective Registration Statement under the 1933 Act (if applicable) and the 1940 Act and each Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relating to the Portfolio(s) and all amendments and supplements thereto as in effect from time to time;

 

  c.

Copies of the resolutions of the Board of Directors/Trustees of each Fund (the “Board”) certified by such Fund’s Secretary authorizing (1) the Fund to enter into this Agreement and (2) certain individuals on behalf of the Fund to (a) give instructions to the Administrator pursuant to this Agreement and (b) sign checks and pay expenses;

 

  d.

A copy of the investment advisory agreement between each Fund, on behalf of itself or each Portfolio, and its investment adviser; and

 

  e.

Such other certificates, documents or opinions which the Administrator may, in its reasonable discretion, deem necessary or appropriate in the proper performance of its duties.

 

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3.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

The Administrator represents and warrants to the Funds that:

 

  a.

It is a Massachusetts trust company, duly organized and existing under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts;

 

  b.

It has the requisite power and authority to carry on its business in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts;

 

  c.

All requisite corporate proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  d.

No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would have a material effect on the Administrator’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and

 

  e.

Its entrance into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Administrator or any law or regulation applicable to it.

 

4.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE FUNDS

Each Fund represents and warrants to the Administrator that:

 

  a.

It is a corporation, business trust or statutory trust, as the case may be, duly organized, existing and in good standing under the laws of its state of formation;

 

  b.

It has the requisite power and authority under applicable laws and by its Governing Documents to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  c.

All requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  d.

A Registration Statement has been filed and, with respect to Funds that are open-end management investment companies, will be effective and remain effective during the term of this Agreement. Each Fund also warrants to the Administrator that as of the effective date of this Agreement, all necessary filings under the securities laws of the states in which the Fund offers or sells its shares have been made;

 

  e.

No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would have a material effect on a Fund’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement;

 

  f.

Its entrance into this Agreement will not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Funds or any law or regulation applicable to it; and

 

  g.

Where information provided by the Funds or the Funds’ shareholders includes information about an identifiable individual (“Personal Information”), each Fund represents and warrants that it has obtained all consents and approvals, as required by all applicable laws, regulations, by-laws and ordinances that regulate the collection, processing, use or disclosure of Personal Information, necessary to disclose such Personal Information to the Administrator, and as required for the Administrator to use and disclose such Personal Information in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. Each Fund acknowledges that the Administrator may perform any of the services, and may use and disclose Personal Information outside of the jurisdiction in which it was initially collected by the Funds, including the United States, solely in connection with the performance of the services set out in this Agreement and that information relating to the Funds, including Personal Information may be accessed by national security authorities, law enforcement and courts. The Administrator shall be kept indemnified by and be without liability to the Funds for any action taken or omitted by it in reliance upon this representation and warranty, including without limitation, any liability or costs in connection with claims or complaints for failure to comply with any applicable law that regulates the collection, processing, use or disclosure of Personal Information.

 

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5.

ADMINISTRATION SERVICES

The Administrator shall provide the services as listed on Schedule B, subject to the authorization and direction of the Funds and, in each case where appropriate, the review and comment by the Funds’ independent accountants and legal counsel and in accordance with procedures which may be established from time to time between the Funds and the Administrator.

The Administrator shall perform such other services for the Funds that are mutually agreed to in writing by the parties from time to time, for which the Funds will pay such fees as may be mutually agreed upon in writing, including the Administrator’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. The provision of such services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, unless otherwise modified in writing.

The Administrator shall provide the office facilities and the personnel determined by it to perform the services contemplated herein.

 

6.

COMPENSATION OF ADMINISTRATOR; EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT; FUND EXPENSES

The Administrator shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses, as agreed upon from time to time in writing between the Funds on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and the Administrator.

The Funds agree to promptly reimburse, or cause to be reimbursed, the Administrator for any equipment and supplies specially ordered by or for the Funds through the Administrator and for any other reasonable expenses not contemplated by this Agreement that the Administrator may incur on the Funds’ behalf at the Funds’ request or with the Funds’ consent.

Each Fund will bear all expenses that are incurred in its operation and not specifically assumed by the Administrator. For the avoidance of doubt, Fund expenses not assumed by the Administrator include, but are not limited to: organizational expenses; cost of services of independent accountants and outside legal and tax counsel (including such counsel’s review of the Registration Statement, Form N-CSR, Form N-Q or Form N-PORT (as applicable), Form N-PX, Form N-MFP, Form N-SAR or Form N-CEN (as applicable), proxy materials, federal and state tax qualification as a regulated investment company and other notices, registrations, reports, filings and materials prepared by the Administrator under this Agreement, as applicable); cost of any services contracted for by the Funds directly from parties other than the Administrator; cost of trading operations and brokerage fees, commissions and transfer taxes in connection with the purchase and sale of securities for the Funds; investment advisory fees; taxes, insurance premiums and other fees and expenses applicable to its operation; costs incidental to any meetings of shareholders including, but not limited to, legal and accounting fees, proxy filing fees and the costs of preparation (e.g., typesetting, XBRL-tagging, page changes and all other print vendor and EDGAR charges, collectively referred to herein as “Preparation”), printing, distribution and mailing of any proxy materials; costs incidental to Board meetings, including fees and expenses of Board members; the salary and expenses of any officer, director/trustee or employee of the Funds; costs of Preparation, printing, distribution and mailing, as applicable, of the Funds’ Registration Statements and any amendments and supplements thereto; printing, distribution and mailing of shareholder reports; cost of Preparation and filing of the Funds’ tax returns, Form N-1A, Form N-2, Form N-CSR, Form N-Q or Form N-PORT (as applicable), Form N-PX, Form N-MFP and Form N-SAR or Form N-CEN (as applicable), and all notices, registrations and amendments associated with applicable federal and state tax and securities laws; all applicable registration fees and filing fees required under federal and state securities laws; the cost of fidelity bond and D&O/E&O liability insurance; and the cost of independent pricing services used in computing the Portfolio(s)’ net asset value.

 

7.

INSTRUCTIONS AND ADVICE

At any time, the Administrator may apply to any officer of the Funds or his or her designee for instructions or the independent accountants for the Funds, with respect to any matter arising in connection with the services to be performed by the Administrator under this Agreement. The Administrator shall be entitled to rely on and may act upon reasonable advice of reputable counsel (who may be counsel for the Funds) on all matters, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted in good faith pursuant to such advice; provided, however, that with respect to the reliance of such reasonable advice and performance of any action or omission of any action upon such advice, the Administrator shall be required to conform to the standard of care set forth in Section 8. The Administrator and the applicable Funds shall mutually agree as to which entity will bear the cost of such advice of counsel.

 

- 6 -


Subject to the standard of care set forth in Section 8, the Administrator shall not be liable, and shall be indemnified by the Funds, for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith in reliance upon any such instructions or advice or upon any paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper person or persons. The Administrator shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any person until receipt of written notice thereof from the Fund(s). The Administrator shall provide written confirmation of receipt of such notice promptly after receipt.

Pursuant to other agreements (the “Other State Street Agreements”) now or at any time in effect between a Fund (or its investment manager or investment advisor, on its behalf) and the Administrator or its affiliates (“Affiliates”) in any capacity other than as the Administrator hereunder (in such other capacities, the “Bank”), the Bank may be in possession of certain information and data relating to a Fund and/or a Portfolio that is necessary to provide the Services, including the Services described in Schedule B6. The Funds hereby acknowledge and agree that this Section 7 of the Agreement serves as its consent and instruction for itself and on behalf of each Fund/Portfolio under and pursuant to such Other State Street Agreements for the Bank to provide or otherwise make available (including via platforms such as my.statestreet.com) to the Administrator, Funds and Portfolios information such as net asset values and information relating to the net assets of the Funds/Portfolios, holdings and liquidity reports, market value and other information and data related to the Funds/Portfolios that is necessary to provide the Services and subject to Section 9 hereof.

 

8.

STANDARD OF CARE; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

In carrying out the provisions of this Agreement, the Administrator shall act (i) with reasonable care and diligence and in good faith, (ii) without negligence, fraud, willful misconduct, willful omission or bad faith, and at least at the same standard of care as the Administrator provides for itself and its Affiliates with respect to similar services, and (iii) with the level of skill and care which would be expected from a reasonably skilled and experienced professional provider of services similar to the services provided under this Agreement. The Administrator shall have no liability for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss or damage resulting from the performance or nonperformance of its duties hereunder unless and to the extent that the Administrator fails to exercise such standard of care. The Administrator shall be responsible for the performance only of such duties as are set forth in this Agreement and, except as otherwise provided under Section 14, shall have no responsibility for the actions or activities of any other party, including other service providers. The Administrator shall have no liability in respect of any loss, damage or expense suffered by the Funds insofar as such loss, damage or expense arises from the performance of the Administrator’s duties hereunder in reliance upon records that were maintained for the Funds by entities other than the Administrator prior to the Administrator’s appointment as administrator for the Funds. The Administrator shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages, including lost profits, of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) under any provision of this Agreement or for any such damages arising out of any act or failure to act hereunder, each of which is hereby excluded by agreement of the parties regardless of whether such damages were foreseeable or whether either party or any entity had been advised of the possibility of such damages. Except as may otherwise be agreed to by the parties, the Administrator’s cumulative liability for each calendar year (a “Liability Period”) with respect to the Funds under this Agreement regardless of the form of action or legal theory shall be limited to its total annual compensation earned and fees payable hereunder during the preceding Compensation Period, as defined herein, for any liability or loss suffered by the Funds including, but not limited to, any liability relating to qualification of the Funds as a regulated investment company or any liability relating to the Funds’ compliance with any federal or state tax or securities statute, regulation or ruling during such Liability Period. “Compensation Period” shall mean the calendar year ending immediately prior to each Liability Period in which the event(s) giving rise to the Administrator’s liability for that period have occurred.

Neither party shall be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its control, including without limitation, work stoppage, power or other mechanical failure, computer virus, natural disaster, governmental action or communication disruption.

 

- 7 -


Each Fund severally and not jointly shall indemnify and hold the Administrator and its directors, officers, employees and agents harmless from all loss, cost, damage and expense, including reasonable fees and expenses for counsel, incurred by the Administrator resulting from any claim, demand, action or suit in connection with the Administrator’s acceptance of this Agreement, any action or omission by it in the performance of its duties hereunder, or as a result of acting upon any instructions reasonably believed by it to have been duly authorized by the Funds or upon reasonable reliance on information or records given or made by the Funds or its investment adviser, provided that this indemnification shall not apply to actions or omissions of the Administrator, its agents, delegates, officers or employees in cases of its or their own negligence, fraud, willful misconduct, willful omission or bad faith.

The limitation of liability and indemnification contained herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

9.

CONFIDENTIALITY

All information provided under this Agreement by a party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) regarding the Disclosing Party’s business and operations shall be treated as confidential. Subject to Section 10 below, all confidential information provided under this Agreement by Disclosing Party shall be used, including disclosure to third parties, by the Receiving Party, or its agents, delegates or service providers, solely for the purpose of performing or receiving the services and discharging the Receiving Party’s other obligations under the Agreement or managing the business of the Receiving Party and its affiliates, including financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (a) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this Agreement, (b) that is independently derived by the Receiving Party without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party in connection with this Agreement, or (c) where the party seeking to disclose has received the prior written consent of the party providing the information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Receiving Party shall be permitted to disclose any confidential information provided under this Agreement by the Disclosing Party (i) to comply with any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process or (ii) as required by operation of law or regulation or as required to comply with the requirements of any market infrastructure that the Disclosing Party or its agents direct the Administrator or its Affiliates to employ (or which is required in connection with the holding or settlement of instruments included in the assets subject to this Agreement), provided that the Receiving Party take reasonable steps to otherwise maintain the confidential nature of such information.

 

10.

USE OF DATA

(a)    In connection with the provision of the services and the discharge of its other obligations under this Agreement, the Administrator (which term for purposes of this Section 10 includes each of its Affiliates) may collect and store information regarding the Funds or Portfolios (“Fund Information”) and share such Fund Information with its Affiliates, agents, delegates and service providers in order and to the extent reasonably necessary (i) to carry out the provision of services contemplated under this Agreement and other agreements between the Funds and the Administrator or any of its Affiliates and (ii) to carry out the internal management of its businesses, including, but not limited to, financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance.

(b)    Except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, nothing in this Section 10 shall limit the confidentiality and data-protection obligations of the Administrator and its Affiliates under this Agreement and applicable law. The Administrator shall cause any Affiliate, agent, delegate or service provider to which it has disclosed Data pursuant to this Section 10 to comply at all times with confidentiality and data-protection obligations as if it were a party to this Agreement.

 

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11.

COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENTAL RULES AND REGULATIONS; RECORDS

Each Fund assumes full responsibility for complying with all securities, tax, commodities and other laws, rules and regulations applicable to it.

In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Administrator agrees that all records which it maintains for the Funds shall at all times remain the property of the Funds, shall be readily accessible during normal business hours, and shall be promptly surrendered upon the termination of the Agreement or otherwise on written request except as otherwise provided in Section 13. The Administrator further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Funds pursuant to Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act will be preserved for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act unless any such records are earlier surrendered as provided above. Records may be surrendered in either written or machine-readable form, at the option of the Administrator. In the event that the Administrator is requested or authorized by the Funds, or required by subpoena, administrative order, court order or other legal process, applicable law or regulation, or required in connection with any investigation, examination or inspection of the Funds by state or federal regulatory agencies, to produce the records of the Funds or the Administrator’s personnel as witnesses or deponents, the Funds agrees to pay the Administrator for the Administrator’s reasonable time and expenses, as well as the reasonable fees and expenses of the Administrator’s counsel incurred in such production. The Administrator shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide notice to the applicable Fund promptly after receipt of any request for records by an entity other than such Fund. Upon request, the Administrator shall provide the applicable Fund with an update on the fees and expenses incurred in responding to any such requests for records.

 

12.

SERVICES NOT EXCLUSIVE

The services of the Administrator are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Administrator shall be free to render similar services to others. The Administrator shall be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided herein or authorized by the Funds from time to time, have no authority to act or represent the Funds in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Funds.

 

13.

EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION

 

  (a)

Term. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect for an initial term ending one (1) year from the effective date (the “Initial Term”). After the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall automatically renew for successive one (1) year terms. Following the Initial Term, this Agreement may be terminated by any Fund or Portfolio upon no less than ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Administrator, or by the Administrator upon no less than 180 days’ prior written notice to the applicable Fund or Portfolio.

 

  (b)

Termination. During the Initial Term and thereafter, either party may terminate this Agreement: (i) in the event of the other party’s material breach of a material provision of this Agreement that the other party has either failed to cure or failed to establish a remedial plan to cure that is reasonably acceptable, in each case within 60 days’ written notice of such breach, or (ii) in the event of the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the other party or upon the happening of a like event to the other party at the direction of an appropriate agency or court of competent jurisdiction.

 

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  (c)

Payments Owing to the Administrator. Upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 13(a) or 13(b) with respect to the Funds or any Portfolio, the Funds or applicable Portfolio shall pay Administrator its compensation due as of the date of such termination and shall reimburse Administrator for its costs, expenses and disbursements. In the event of: (i) the Funds’ termination of this Agreement with respect to the Funds or their Portfolio(s) in any manner other than as set forth in Section 13(a) and 13(b) or (ii) a transaction not in the ordinary course of business pursuant to which the Administrator is not retained to continue providing services hereunder to the Funds or a Portfolio (or its respective successor), the Fund or applicable Portfolio shall pay the Administrator any compensation due through the end of the then-current term (based upon the average monthly compensation previously earned by the Administrator with respect to the Fund or Portfolio) and shall reimburse the Administrator for its costs, expenses and disbursements. Upon receipt of such payment and reimbursement, the Administrator will deliver the Funds’ or such Portfolio’s records as set forth herein.

 

  (d)

Exclusions. For the avoidance of doubt, no full term payment will be required pursuant to clause (ii) of Section 13(c) in the event of any transaction such as (i) the liquidation or dissolution of the Funds or a Portfolio and distribution of the Funds’ or such Portfolio’s assets as a result of the Board’s determination in its reasonable business judgment that the Funds or such Portfolio is no longer viable or that the liquidation is in the best interest of the Funds or such Portfolio, (ii) a merger of the Funds or a Portfolio into, or the consolidation of the Funds or a Portfolio with, another entity, or (iii) the sale by the Funds or a Portfolio of all, or substantially all, of the Funds’ or Portfolio’s assets to another entity, in each of (ii) and (iii) where the applicable Funds provide ninety (90) days’ prior written notice in advance of the closing date of any such transactions.

 

  (e)

Effect of Termination. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Portfolio shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to the Funds or any other Portfolio.

 

14.

DELEGATION

The Administrator shall retain the right to employ its Affiliates to provide or assist it in the provision of any part of the services stated herein or the discharge of any other obligations or duties under this Agreement without the consent or approval of any Fund. The Administrator may employ other agents, subcontractors, consultants and other third parties (each a “Delegate”) to provide the services stated herein to the Funds upon the prior written consent of the Funds. The Administrator shall be responsible for the acts and omissions of any such Delegate or Affiliate so employed as if the Administrator had committed such acts and omissions itself. The Administrator shall be responsible for the compensation of its Delegates and Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the term Delegate include consultants, authorized data sources, suppliers of Administrator’s third party technology, providers of market infrastructure, and other non-affiliated entities that provide similar assistance to the Administrator in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, and the Administrator shall have no liability for their acts or omissions except as otherwise expressly provided elsewhere in this Agreement.

 

15.

INTERPRETIVE AND ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Administrator and the Funds on behalf of each of the Portfolios, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in a writing signed by all parties, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable laws or regulations or any provision of the Funds’ Governing Documents. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to be an amendment of the Agreement.

 

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16.

NOTICES

Any notice, instruction or other instrument required to be given hereunder will be in writing and may be sent by hand, or by facsimile transmission, or overnight delivery by any recognized delivery service, to the parties at the following address or such other address as may be notified by any party from time to time:

If to the Funds:

C/O BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC

100 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, DE 19809-3700

Attention: Neal Andrews

Telephone: 302-797-6179

If to the Administrator:

100 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02110

Attention: Anthony Ostler

Telephone: 617-664-9797

with a copy to:

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

Legal Division – Global Services Americas

One Lincoln Street

Boston, MA 02111

Attention: Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel

 

17.

AMENDMENT

This Agreement may be amended at any time in writing by mutual agreement of the parties hereto.

 

18.

ASSIGNMENT

This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) the Funds without the written consent of the Administrator or (b) the Administrator without the written consent of the Funds. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrator may assign this Agreement to a successor of all or a substantial portion of its business or to an Affiliate of the Administrator upon ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Fund.

 

19.

SUCCESSORS

This Agreement shall be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the Funds and the Administrator and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

 

20.

DATA PROTECTION

The Administrator shall implement and maintain a comprehensive written information security program that contains appropriate security measures to safeguard the personal information of each Fund’s shareholders, employees, directors and/or officers that the Administrator receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder. For these purposes, “personal information” shall mean (i) an individual’s name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (a) social security number, (b) driver’s license number, (c) state identification card number, (d) debit or credit card number, (e) financial account number or (f) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person’s account or (ii) any combination of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual’s account. Notwithstanding the foregoing “personal information” shall not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public.

 

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21.

ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Agreement contains the entire understanding between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous representations, warranties or commitments regarding the services to be performed hereunder whether oral or in writing.

 

22.

WAIVER

The failure of a party to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion shall not be considered a waiver nor shall it deprive such party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any term of this Agreement or the failure of a party hereto to exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any such term, right or remedy or a waiver of any other rights or remedies, and no single or partial exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement shall prevent any further exercise of the right or remedy or the exercise or any other right or remedy. Any waiver must be in writing signed by the waiving party.

 

23.

SEVERABILITY

If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired.

 

24.

GOVERNING LAW

This Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflicts of laws rules.

 

25.

REPRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

This Agreement and all schedules, exhibits, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, xerographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. The parties hereto all/each agree that any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and that any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

 

26.

LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES

In relation to each Fund which is a business trust, this Agreement is executed and made by the Trustees of the Fund not individually, but as trustees under the Declarations of Trust of the Fund and the obligations of this Agreement are not binding upon any of such Trustees or upon any of the shareholders of the Fund individually, but bind only the trust estate of the Fund.

 

27.

COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Counterparts may be executed in either original or electronically transmitted form (e.g., faxes or emailed portable document format (PDF) form), and the parties hereby adopt as original any signatures received via electronically transmitted form.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first written above.

 

EACH MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY

IDENTIFIED ON SCHEDULE A HERETO

By:  

/s/ Neal J. Andrews

Name:   Neal J. Andrews
Title:   Chief Financial Officer
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
By:  

/s/ Andrew Erickson

Name:   Andrew Erickson
Title:   Executive Vice President

 

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Exhibit (k)(3)

EIGHTH AMENDED AND RESTATED

SECURITIES LENDING AGENCY AGREEMENT

This Eighth Amended and Restated Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2022, between each investment company, severally and not jointly, identified on Schedule A, as such schedule may be amended from time to time (each a “Client”), acting on behalf of itself or the funds listed on Schedule A hereto and any future series of a Client (each, a “Fund”), by and through BlackRock Advisors, LLC (“BlackRock”), not in its individual capacity but as agent and investment advisor, and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (the “Lending Agent”), a Delaware limited liability company.

WHEREAS, each Client is registered as an open-end management investment company or closed end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);

WHEREAS, the Lending Agent acts as the agent for each Client and its corresponding Funds, as applicable, for the purpose of lending securities pursuant to a Seventh Amended and Restated Securities Lending Agency Agreement dated January 1, 2021;

WHEREAS, the parties to this Agreement desire to amend and restate such agreement on the terms set forth herein; and

WHEREAS, the Directors or Trustees, as the case may be, of each Client have authorized each Client and its corresponding Funds, as applicable, to lend securities to Approved Borrowers (as defined below); and

WHEREAS, the Directors or Trustees, as the case may be, of each Client have approved the appointment of the Lending Agent as each Client’s securities lending agent and coordinator of each Client’s securities lending program, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.    Appointment. The Client, on behalf of its Funds, as applicable, appoints BlackRock Investment Management, LLC as its lending agent to perform the duties and responsibilities set forth in this Agreement in its capacity as Lending Agent, and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC accepts such appointment. The Lending Agent will act solely as a directed agent of the Client hereunder, and the Lending Agent shall have no duties or responsibilities in respect of securities lending transactions except those expressly set forth in this Agreement.

2.    Authorizations. The Client authorizes the Lending Agent to act as agent as set forth in this Section.

 

  2.1

Lending of Available Securities. The Client authorizes the Lending Agent to lend, on the Client’s behalf, those securities (“Available Securities”) which are held in accounts maintained under the supervision of the Client’s custodian (the “Custodian”) or any sub-custodian (each a “Custody Account”), other than


  securities which the Client’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”), on behalf of the Client, specifically notifies the Lending Agent are not available for lending. With respect to the Clients identified on Schedule A as Closed-End Funds, except as otherwise agreed by the Client and the Advisor, the Lending Agent shall lend Available Securities only when the “lending spread” with respect to such Available Securities is equal to or greater than 300 basis points, determined at the time such loan is entered into (“Threshold Lending Securities”). For purposes of this Agreement, “lending spread” shall mean the difference between the rebate rate (interest rate) owed to the Approved Borrower and the risk free rate (typically Fed Funds Target). The Client warrants to the Lending Agent that it will give appropriate instructions to the Advisor and the Custodian sufficient to permit the Lending Agent to arrange and settle loan transactions on the Client’s behalf as contemplated by this Agreement.

 

  2.2

Lending to Approved Borrowers. The Client authorizes the lending of Available Securities to any one or more of the institutions approved by the Client, the Client’s Board of Directors/Trustees and/or the Client’s Advisor, in accordance with the Funds’ Guidelines and Procedures for Lending of Securities (“Securities Lending Guidelines”) (each, an “Approved Borrower”). The Client’s Advisor, on behalf of the Client, may request that the Lending Agent change the Approved Borrowers by delivering an updated list to the Lending Agent, provided that the Advisor shall report to the Board of Directors/Trustees at its next quarterly meeting any addition or removal of an Approved Borrower to or from the “approved list” made by the Advisor since the Board of Directors/Trustees prior quarterly meeting.

 

  2.3

Securities Loan Agreement. The Lending Agent is authorized to execute securities loan agreements (each an “SLA”) as the Client’s agent on a disclosed basis with Approved Borrowers. The SLA will be in substantially a form or forms set forth in Schedule B hereto, as such form or forms may be materially amended from time to time with prior written approval of the Client. The Client specifically approves such form of agreement and agrees, upon request of the Lending Agent, to cause the Advisor to promptly furnish to the Lending Agent the Client’s financial statements or other documents or information reasonably requested by the Lending Agent in order to enable the Lending Agent to satisfy reasonable credit and legal requests by Approved Borrowers in connection with any SLA or loan transaction.

 

  2.4

Lending under Approved Terms. All loans arranged by the Lending Agent on behalf of a Client shall comply with applicable Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) guidelines for securities lending, any applicable SEC exemptive orders, no-action positions taken by the staff of the SEC with respect to securities lending transactions, and the investment restrictions and/or guidelines for the Client, all of which shall be provided to the Lending Agent by the Client or the Advisor, and shall be subject to the terms of an SLA substantially similar to Schedule B. The Client may, at the request of the Lending Agent, approve changes to the approved terms by delivering an amended Schedule B to the

 

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  Lending Agent. The Lending Agent shall negotiate on behalf of the Client with each Approved Borrower all terms of a securities loan, including the amounts or fees to be received or paid pursuant to the applicable SLA. The Lending Agent may prepare a transactional confirmation in respect of each loan effected pursuant to an SLA, setting forth the securities borrowed and the material terms of the loan, and may transmit such confirmation to the Approved Borrower in accordance with such SLA. The Client understands and agrees that the identity of the Client will be disclosed by the Lending Agent to the Approved Borrower in accordance with the SLA.

 

  2.5

Authorizations by Client. The Client authorizes and empowers the Lending Agent to execute in the Client’s name all agreements and documents as may be necessary or appropriate in the Lending Agent’s judgment to carry out the purposes of this Agreement. It is understood and agreed that the Lending Agent is authorized to supply any information regarding the Client that is required by an SLA or under applicable law, subject to Section 10.1 hereof.

3.    Loan of Securities. During the term of any securities loan, the Client shall permit the loaned securities to be transferred, pursuant to an SLA, into the name of an Approved Borrower.

 

  3.1

Limits on Return of Loaned Securities. The Client acknowledges that, under the applicable SLA, Approved Borrowers will not be required to return loaned securities immediately upon receipt of notice from the Lending Agent terminating the applicable loan, but instead will be required to return such loaned securities within the earlier of (i) such period of time following such notice which is the standard settlement period for trades of the loaned securities entered into on the date of such notice in the principal market therefor, or from the giving of such notice or (ii) the third business day following such notice.

 

  3.2

Recall of Loaned Securities. Upon receiving a notice from the Advisor that Available Securities which have been lent to an Approved Borrower should no longer be considered Available Securities (whether because of the sale of such securities or otherwise), the Lending Agent shall notify promptly thereafter the Approved Borrower which has borrowed such securities that the loan of such securities is terminated and that such securities are to be returned within the time specified by the applicable SLA, provided that the Lending Agent may alternatively determine that it is in the best interests of another lending client of the Lending Agent to renew and restate such loan transaction on behalf, and in the name, of such other lending client and cause to be delivered to the Client an equivalent amount of such security from the assets of such other lending client (in which event such renewal and restatement of the loan shall constitute separate transactions between each lending client of the Lending Agent and the borrower and shall not be construed as a transaction between such lending clients).

 

  3.3

Notification of Sales of Loaned Securities. The Client acknowledges its obligation to the Lending Agent, as applicable, to cause and require the Advisor to provide notification of any sale of securities which are out on loan by the close of business, in the principal market therefor, on the trade date of such sale.

 

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  3.4

Termination. The Lending Agent is authorized in its discretion to terminate any securities loan entered into with an Approved Borrower without prior notice to the Client, subject to the conditions of the relevant SLA. The Advisor, on behalf of a Client, may instruct the Lending Agent to terminate any loan on any date, subject to the conditions of the relevant SLA. The Lending Agent agrees to comply with any such instruction.

 

  3.5

Lending Agent Subject to Supervision of Advisor. The Lending Agent shall at all times be subject to the supervision of the Advisor.

 

  3.6

Compliance with Securities Lending Guidelines. The Lending Agent hereby acknowledges receipt of the current Securities Lending Guidelines. The Client shall promptly notify the Lending Agent of any changes to the Securities Lending Guidelines. The Lending Agent acknowledges and agrees that it shall only lend Securities on behalf of the Client and its Funds in accordance with the conditions of the Securities Lending Guidelines applicable to the Lending Agent.

4.    Loan Collateral. For each loan of securities, the Approved Borrower shall pledge at all times during the term of the loan collateral in the form of one or more of the following items: (a) cash in U.S. dollars or foreign currency (“Cash Collateral”), or (b) securities issued or fully guaranteed by the United States government or any agencies or instrumentalities thereof or such other collateral as may be then permitted by applicable law, regulation and/or interpretation, and the Securities Lending Guidelines (“Non-Cash Collateral” and, collectively with Cash Collateral, “Collateral”) in the aggregate having a market value (as determined by the Lending Agent pursuant to the applicable SLA) at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities (as determined by the Lending Agent pursuant to the applicable SLA).

 

  4.1

Receipt of Collateral. At the commencement of any loan, the Lending Agent shall instruct the Approved Borrower to transfer to the Lending Agent the required Collateral. Collateral will be received from an Approved Borrower prior to or simultaneous with delivery of the securities loaned. If the Approved Borrower does not provide Collateral to the Lending Agent, as previously agreed, then the Lending Agent will cancel the corresponding loan instruction prior to delivery.

 

  4.2

Holding and Administration of Collateral.

 

  (a)

Cash Collateral. All Cash Collateral shall be received, held and administered by the Lending Agent for the benefit of the Client in the applicable account maintained for the Lending Agent. The Lending Agent is hereby authorized and directed, without obtaining any further approval from the Client or the Advisor, to invest and reinvest all Cash Collateral in accordance with the Securities Lending Guidelines (“Permitted Investments”).

 

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  (b)

Non-Cash Collateral. All Non-Cash Collateral shall be received, held and administered by the Lending Agent for the benefit of the Client in the applicable account established for the purpose of holding Non-Cash Collateral.

 

  (c)

Perfection. The Lending Agent acknowledges that it has control of the Cash Collateral and the security entitlements relating to the Non-Cash Collateral on behalf of the Fund. The Fund has a perfected security interest in the Cash Collateral pursuant to UCC Section 9-104(a)(5) and the security entitlements relating to the Non-Cash Collateral pursuant to UCC Section 8-106(d)(3). “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York; provided, however, that, at any time, if by reason of mandatory provisions of law any or all of the perfection or priority of the Lending Agent’s security interest in any item or portion of the Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, the term “UCC” shall mean the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect, at such time, in such other jurisdiction for purposes of the provisions relating to such perfection or priority and for purposes of definitions relating to such provisions.

 

  4.3

Maintenance of Collateral Margin. In respect of loans of securities entered into on behalf of the Client, the Lending Agent will value on a daily basis under policies consistent with the valuation policies of the Client, in accordance with the applicable SLA, the loaned securities and all Collateral and, where applicable, the Lending Agent shall, in accordance with the provisions of the applicable SLA, request the Approved Borrower to deliver sufficient additional Collateral to the Client by 12:00 noon on the next business day to satisfy the applicable margin requirement. If, as a result of marking-to-market, Collateral is required to be returned to the Approved Borrower under the SLA, the Lending Agent will return such Collateral to the Approved Borrower.

 

  4.4

Substitution of Collateral. To the extent the Client’s Board of Directors/Trustees permits the use of Non-Cash Collateral, the Client acknowledges and agrees that, pursuant to any SLA, the Lending Agent may permit an Approved Borrower to substitute Collateral of any type specified in Section 4 hereof during the term of any loan so long as the required margin in respect of such loan continues to be satisfied at the time of such substitution.

 

  4.5

Return of Collateral. Upon termination of the loan, the Lending Agent shall instruct the Approved Borrower to return the loaned securities to the applicable Custody Account. The Lending Agent will instruct any custodian or sub-custodian of the Client to accept such return delivery of loaned securities. The Lending Agent shall monitor the return of loaned securities. Once the Lending Agent has confirmed settlement of the return of the loaned securities, the Lending Agent shall effect, on behalf of the Client, the redemption of any Permitted Investment, if applicable, and effect the return of Collateral due the Approved Borrower in accordance with the Approved Borrower’s transfer instructions with respect thereto, without obtaining any further approval from the Client.

 

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5.    Investment of Cash Collateral. Pursuant to the SLA, the Client shall have the right to invest Cash Collateral received in respect of any loan, subject to an obligation, upon the termination of the loan, to return to the Approved Borrower the amount of cash initially pledged (as adjusted for any interim marks-to-market).

 

  5.1

Cash Collateral Investment Direction. The Client authorizes and directs the Lending Agent, subject to oversight by the Advisor, to cause to be invested, on the Client’s behalf and at the Client’s sole risk, all Cash Collateral by effecting purchases and sales and/or subscriptions and redemptions of such Collateral in accordance with the Securities Lending Guidelines. The Lending Agent shall, where applicable, send timely instructions to the transfer agent of the Permitted Investment with respect to any cash transfers required to be completed in conjunction with any subscription or redemption in a Permitted Investment, and cause the Advisor and the Custodian to be notified of such investment. To facilitate the Lending Agent’s ability to effect investments of Cash Collateral authorized by this Agreement, the Client appoints the Lending Agent as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and revocation, in its name, place and stead to take action in the Client’s name to the extent necessary or desirable to fulfill the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation, (i) to establish trading accounts in a Client’s name, (ii) to execute and deliver such contracts and other documents on a Client’s behalf as the Lending Agent, in its discretion, deems necessary or desirable to establish such trading accounts or otherwise to effect investments on the Client’s behalf that are authorized by this Agreement, and (iii) to act, in the Lending Agent’s discretion, in the Client’s name to enforce the Client’s rights and remedies under such contracts or documents.

 

  5.2

Cash Collateral Investment Risk. Any investment of Cash Collateral shall be at the sole risk of the Client. Any income or gains and losses from investing and reinvesting any Cash Collateral delivered by an Approved Borrower pursuant to an SLA shall be at the Client’s risk, and the Client agrees that to the extent any such losses reduce the amount of cash below the amount required to be returned to the Approved Borrower upon the termination of any loan (including any Cash Collateral Fee as defined in the SLA), the Client will, on demand of the Lending Agent, immediately pay or cause to be paid to such Approved Borrower an equivalent amount in cash.

6.    Borrower Default. In the event of default by a Borrower with respect to any loan entered into pursuant to an SLA, the Lending Agent will take such actions as agent for the Client as are set forth in the applicable SLA. In addition, the following provisions shall apply.

 

  6.1

Replacement of Loaned Securities. If the Lending Agent declares an event of default pursuant to the SLA with a Borrower (a “Default Event”), then the Lending Agent shall use the Collateral or the proceeds of the liquidation of

 

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  Collateral to purchase for the affected Client’s account, for settlement in the normal course, replacement securities of the same issue, type, class and series as that of the loaned securities (“Buy-In”). The Lending Agent shall purchase an amount of replacement securities having a value equal to the value of the securities on loan for which a Default Event has been declared. If the cost of fully replacing the loaned securities is greater than the value of the Collateral (or liquidated damages calculated under Section 6.2), the Lending Agent shall be responsible for using its funds, at its expense, to satisfy the shortfall, but only to the extent that such shortfall is not due to any diminution in the value of the Collateral due to reinvestment risk that is borne by the Client pursuant to Section 5 of this Agreement. For purposes of this Section, value of the Collateral shall be calculated as follows:

 

  6.1.1

Value of Cash Collateral. In the case of loans collateralized solely by Cash Collateral, the value of the Collateral shall be the market value of such Cash Collateral.

 

  6.1.2

Value of Securities Collateral. In the case of loans collateralized solely by securities Collateral, the value of the Collateral shall be the market value of such Collateral.

 

  6.1.3

Valuation Date. The value of the Collateral shall be determined on the date of the Buy-In (or the payment made pursuant to Section 6.2 below).

 

  6.1.4

Market Value. Market value shall be determined by the Lending Agent, where applicable, based upon the valuation policies adopted by the Client’s Board of Directors/Trustees.

 

  6.1.5

Multiple Forms of Collateral. Where a loan is collateralized by more than one type of Collateral, the aggregate market value of Collateral securing such loan (for the purpose of computing the indemnity) shall be the sum of the market values for each relevant type of Collateral.

 

  6.2

Impossibility of Replacement/Liquidated Damages. If the Lending Agent determines that a Buy-In is commercially impracticable (for any reason other than price), the Lending Agent shall, in lieu of effecting a Buy-In, pay to the affected Client an amount equal to the market value of the loaned securities determined at the close of business on the date of the Default Event to be reduced by any shortfall diminution in the value of the Collateral due to reinvestment risk that is borne by the Client pursuant to Section 5.

 

  6.3

Replacement of Distributions. In addition to making the purchases or payments required above, the Lending Agent shall pay from the proceeds of Collateral to the Client the value of all distributions on the Loaned Securities, the record dates for which occur before the date that the Lending Agent executes a Buy-In or makes the payments to the Client required pursuant to Section 6.2 and that have not otherwise been credited to the Client’s applicable account. For purposes of

 

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  this Section, the value of such distributions shall be calculated net of taxes, expenses or other deductions that would normally accrue to such distributions. The Lending Agent shall use Collateral or the proceeds of such Collateral to the extent available to make such payments of distributions.

 

  6.4

Collateral not in Possession or Control of the Lending Agent. If, on the date of the Default Event, by reason of the Client’s request or actions, the Lending Agent is not in possession or control of the Collateral allocated to the defaulted Loan, the Client shall promptly cause such Collateral to be transferred to the Lending Agent for application against the cost of any Buy-In. In such event, the replacement provisions of this Section 6 shall not apply, and the compensation of the Client shall be limited to the value of the Collateral on the date that Buy-In or replacement payment may be affected.

 

  6.5

Subrogation and Assignment of Rights in Collateral. In the event that the Lending Agent is required to perform or make any payment under this Section, the Client agrees that, to the extent of such performance or payment, the Lending Agent shall be subrogated to the Client, and the Client shall assign, and be deemed to have assigned, to the Lending Agent all of such Client’s rights in, to and against the Borrower in respect of the related loan, any Collateral pledged by such Borrower in respect of such loan and all proceeds of such Collateral to the extent permitted by applicable law. In the event that the Client receives or is credited with any payment, benefit or value from or on behalf of the Borrower in respect of rights to which the Lending Agent is subrogated as provided herein, the Client shall promptly remit or pay to the Lending Agent the same (or, where applicable, its United States dollar equivalent).

7.    Income, Corporate Actions and Substitute Payments. Income, corporate actions and Substitute Payments (as defined in Sections 7.1 and 7.2) shall be dealt with as provided in this Section 7.

 

  7.1

Income and Related Payments to Borrower. Payments to an Approved Borrower shall be made in accordance with the terms of the applicable SLA.

 

  7.2

Income and Related Payments to Client. The Lending Agent shall instruct each Approved Borrower which is a party to an SLA to remit any payment in-lieu-of the interest or other distribution on loaned securities (“Loan Substitute Payment”) for the account of the Client. The Lending Agent shall also instruct each Approved Borrower which is a party to an SLA to remit any other fees payable on loaned securities to the Lending Agent for the account of the Client, and the Lending Agent shall receive, hold and administer the same for the account of the Client.

 

  7.3

Corporate Actions and Proxy Rights. The Client acknowledges that, with respect to securities which are out on loan over the applicable record date for such action, unless otherwise agreed hereto, it will not be entitled to participate in any dividend reinvestment program or vote any proxies; provided, however, that the Client may recall such securities upon sufficient notice to exercise proxy rights. Corporate actions will otherwise be processed in accordance with the SLA.

 

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8.    Reports and Statements. The Lending Agent shall furnish the Client with the reports and statements set forth in the Securities Lending Guidelines or as otherwise agreed from time to time.

9.    SIPC Coverage. THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THE SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION ACT OF 1970 (“SIPA”) OR THE DODD-FRANK ACT OF 2010 (“DFA”) MAY NOT PROTECT THE FUND WITH RESPECT TO THE SECURITIES LOAN TRANSACTION AND THAT, THEREFORE, THE COLLATERAL DELIVERED BY AN APPROVED BORROWER TO THE FUND MAY CONSTITUTE THE ONLY SOURCE OF SATISFACTION OF THE OBLIGATION OF THE APPROVED BORROWER IN THE EVENT THE APPROVED BORROWER (OR ITS AGENT) FAILS TO RETURN THE SECURITIES. THE LENDING AGENT SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSSES INCURRED OR LIABILITIES WHICH ARISE SOLELY DUE TO THE APPLICATION OF SIPA OR DFA TO THE SECURITIES LENDING TRANSACTIONS DESCRIBED HEREIN.

10.    Client Information. The Client covenants and agrees to promptly furnish to the Lending Agent any information regarding the Client which is necessary to effect transactions on behalf of the Client, including, but not limited to, any limitations imposed pursuant to any applicable law, regulation, authority, charter, by-law, statute or other instrument. The Lending Agent agrees to comply with such restrictions and limitations.

 

  10.1

The Lending Agent may not disclose or supply any information regarding the Client or Fund unless required by any law or governmental regulation now or hereafter in effect or requested to do so by the Client; provided that the Lending Agent may disclose or supply information regarding the Client and/or Fund and any transactions authorized by this Agreement as necessary in the sole discretion of the Lending Agent in order to facilitate, effect or continue any securities loans hereunder or to assist in the analysis of the performance of the securities lending program.

11.    Tax Treatment. The Client acknowledges that the tax treatment of Substitute Payments may differ from the tax treatment of the interest or dividend to which such payment relates and that the Client has made its own determination as to the tax treatment of any securities loan transactions undertaken pursuant to this Agreement and of any dividends, distributions, remuneration or other funds received hereunder. The Client also acknowledges that, to the extent that either the Client or the Approved Borrower is a non-U.S. resident, the Lending Agent may be required to withhold tax on amounts payable to or by the Client pursuant to a securities loan and may at any time claim from the Client any shortfall in the amount so withheld.

12.    Responsibility of the Lending Agent. Except as otherwise set forth herein, and subject to the requirements of applicable law, the Lending Agent shall not be liable with respect to any losses incurred by the Client in connection with this securities lending program or under

 

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any provision hereof, except to the extent that such losses result from the Lending Agent’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. The Lending Agent shall not be liable for losses, costs, expenses or liabilities caused by or resulting from the acts or omissions of the Client or of any agent or third party custodian of the Client. The Lending Agent shall not be responsible for any special, punitive, indirect or consequential damages, whether or not the Lending Agent has been apprised of the likelihood of such damages.

13.    Standard of Care: Indemnification.

 

  13.1

Subject to Section 6, the Client shall indemnify and hold harmless the Lending Agent (which, for purposes of this paragraph shall include its respective officers, directors, partners, managers, employees and agents) from and against any and all claims, damages, liabilities, losses, costs or expenses, including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel (each, a “Loss”) incurred, suffered or sustained by the Lending Agent, which arise from the Lending Agent’s actions or failure to act, in either case taken in good faith in performance of this Agreement, except to the extent that such claims, damages, liabilities, losses, costs or expenses were caused by the willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the Lending Agent, provided that the Client’s indemnification obligation with respect to the acts or omissions of the Lending Agent shall not exceed the indemnification provided by such Lending Agent to the Client. This indemnity shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the resignation or removal of the Lending Agent as agent.

 

  13.2

The Lending Agent shall indemnify and hold harmless the Client and each Fund, its Board of Directors/Trustees and the Advisor (which for purposes of this paragraph shall include its officers, directors, partners, managers, employees and agents) and any other investment advisor for the Clients and Funds from any and all Losses to the extent that any such Loss arises out of the material breach of this Agreement by or the willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the Lending Agent, its officers, directors or employees in connection with the securities lending activities undertaken pursuant to this Agreement, provided that the Lending Agent’s indemnification obligation with respect to the acts or omissions of its subcustodians shall not exceed the indemnification provided by the applicable subcustodian to the Lending Agent. This indemnity shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the resignation or removal of the Lending Agent.

 

  13.3

Representations and Warranties. Each party represents and warrants to the other that (i) it has due authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and any transactions contemplated thereby; (ii) the execution and performance of this Agreement and any transaction contemplated thereby has been duly authorized by all necessary action, corporate or otherwise, and does not violate any law, regulation, charter, by-law or other instrument, restriction or provision applicable to it; and (iii) this Agreement constitutes such party’s legal, valid and binding obligation enforceable in accordance with its terms. In addition, the Client

 

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  represents that: (a) any loan authorized hereunder and the performance of this Agreement in respect of such loan is authorized by the prospectus and other constitutive documents of the Client (including any limits as to the aggregate amount of authorized lending under such documents); and (b) as to any securities lent at any time and from time to time on behalf of the Client, the Client shall be the owner thereof with clear title thereto and no lien, charge or encumbrance upon such securities shall exist.

 

  13.4

Non-Exclusivity of Agency Service and Similar Matters. The Client acknowledges that the Lending Agent, acting on behalf of other lending clients, may effect transactions with or for the same Approved Borrowers to which loans of securities may be made hereunder, which transactions may give rise to potential conflict of interest situations. Lending opportunities among Approved Borrowers shall be allocated at the discretion of the Lending Agent in an equitable manner.

14.    Force Majeure. The Lending Agent shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of, or caused directly or indirectly by, circumstances beyond its control, including without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fires; floods; wars; civil or military disturbances; sabotage; epidemics; riots; interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, transportation, computer (hardware or software) or communications service; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority; governmental actions; or inability to obtain labor, material, equipment or transportation. Without limiting the foregoing, but subject to Section 6, the Lending Agent shall not be responsible for economic, political or investment risks incurred through the Client’s participation in this securities lending program.

15.    Reliance on Client Communications. The Lending Agent shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon any certification, notice or other communication (including by facsimile or email) reasonably believed by it to be genuine and correct and to have been signed or sent by or on behalf of an approved person of the party sending such certification, notice or other communication. The Lending Agent reserves the right to notify the Client of any restrictions (self-imposed or otherwise) concerning its activities worldwide. The Lending Agent and the Client shall each have the right to consult with counsel with respect to their respective rights and duties hereunder and shall not be liable for actions taken or not taken in reliance on such advice.

16.    Compensation. In connection with the lending of Available Securities, a Fund shall pay to the Lending Agent a percentage (the “Lending Agent Fee Percentage”) of the net amount earned from securities lending activities, consisting of income earned on the investment and reinvestment of Cash Collateral plus any Securities Loan Fees otherwise paid by the Authorized Borrowers. For purposes of this Agreement, “Securities Loan Fees” shall mean the amount payable by an Authorized Borrower to the Lending Agent, as agent to the Fund, pursuant to the applicable SLA in connection with the loan of Available Securities, if any, collateralized by collateral other than Cash Collateral. The net amount to be paid to the Lending Agent shall be computed after deducting (a) any applicable rebate due to the Authorized Borrowers under the applicable SLA and (b) Cash Management Costs. “Cash Management Costs” shall mean the expenses incurred in connection with the management and investment of a Fund’s Cash

 

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Collateral in accordance with Section 5 of this Agreement, including any fees payable to the Lending Agent, the Advisor or any other affiliate of the Lending Agent as a result of the investment of Cash Collateral in any joint account, fund or similar vehicle. The Lending Agent, upon mutual agreement with the Client, may determine to cap the Cash Management Costs. Any such cap on the Cash Management Costs shall be set forth in Appendix A, Appendix B or Appendix C hereto, as applicable, as each such Appendix may be amended from time to time. The Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be such percentage as may from time to time be agreed upon by the Board of Directors/Trustees of the Client and the Lending Agent and shall be set forth in writing. The Lending Agent Fee Percentage for each Fund is set forth in Appendix A, Appendix B or Appendix C hereto, as applicable, as each such Appendix may be amended from time to time. The Client authorizes and directs the Lending Agent to deduct amounts equal to such compensation from the Custody Account and to retain such amounts as compensation. The Lending Agent shall notify the Client, on or about the 10th (tenth) day of each month, of the amount of fees due the Lending Agent hereunder and, promptly upon receipt of such notice, the Client shall effect the requisite payment to the Lending Agent in immediately available funds of U.S. dollars. The Lending Agent shall be responsible for all transaction fees and all other operational costs relating to securities lending activities, other than Cash Management Costs as described above and extraordinary expenses (e.g., litigation and indemnification expenses), each to be borne by the respective Fund.

17.    Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time upon mutual written agreement of the Lending Agent and the Client or upon sixty (60) days’ prior written notice to the other party; provided that the indemnification obligations in Section 13 shall survive any such termination.

18.    Action on Termination. It is agreed that (a) upon receipt of notice of termination, no further loans shall be made hereunder by the Lending Agent and (b) the Lending Agent shall, as promptly as possible after termination of this Agreement, terminate any and all outstanding loans but continue to administer to any outstanding loans as necessary to effect their termination and remit and deliver to the Custody Account all securities, earnings and other items due to the Client. The provisions hereof shall continue in full force and effect in all other respects until all loans have been terminated and all obligations satisfied as herein provided. Both parties shall take all commercially reasonable steps to cooperate to provide a smooth transition in the event of a termination.

19.    Notices. All notices, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and delivered or transmitted (as the case may be) by registered mail, facsimile, email, courier, or be effected by telephone promptly confirmed in writing and delivered or transmitted as aforesaid, to the intended recipient as provided below. Notices shall be effective upon receipt.

 

  19.1

Any notice or other instrument in writing, authorized or required by this Agreement to be given to the Lending Agent, shall be sufficiently given if addressed to BlackRock Investment Management, LLC and received by it at its offices at 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, Attention: Securities Lending Department, with a copy to BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, Attention: Securities Lending Department, or at such other place as the Lending Agent may from time to time designate in writing.

 

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  19.2

Any notice or other instrument in writing, authorized or required by this Agreement to be given to the Client shall be sufficiently given if addressed to the Client and received by it at: Mutual Fund Administration, c/o BlackRock Advisors, LLC, 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, with a copy to: Legal Department, or at such other place as the Client may from time to time designate in writing.

20.    Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without reference to conflict of law provisions thereof. The parties hereto hereby irrevocably consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of (and waive dispute of venue in) the courts of the State of New York and the federal courts located in New York City in the Borough of Manhattan.

21.    Entire Agreement. This Agreement supersedes any other agreement between the parties hereto concerning loans of securities owned by the Client. This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement together with any other written agreements between the parties entered into in connection with this Agreement contain the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and supersede all previous oral or written negotiations, commitments and understandings related thereto.

22.    Assignment. This Agreement shall not be assigned by any party without the prior written consent of the other party.

23.    Capitalized Terms. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the SLA.

24.    Amendment. This Agreement may not be amended or modified in any respect, without the written agreement of both parties.

25.    Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, without the written agreement of both parties. No waiver by one party of any obligation of the other hereunder shall be considered a waiver of any other obligation of such party. The failure of a party to this Agreement to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion shall not be considered a waiver or deprive that party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any other term of this Agreement.

26.    Remedies. All remedies hereunder shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

27.    Severability. In the event any provision of this Agreement is adjudicated to be void, illegal, invalid, or unenforceable, the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby, and each of such remaining terms and provisions shall be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law, unless a party demonstrates by a preponderance of the evidence that the invalidated provision was an essential economic term of the Agreement.

 

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28.    Further Assurances. Each party hereto shall execute and deliver such other documents or agreements as may be necessary or desirable for the implementation of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

29.    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which taken together shall be deemed one and the same instrument.

30.    Headings. The headings of sections herein are included solely for convenience and shall have no effect on the meaning of this Agreement.

31.    Separate Agreement. Execution of this Agreement by more than one Client or on behalf of itself and more than one Fund shall not create any contractual or other obligation between or among such Clients or Funds, and this Agreement shall constitute a separate agreement between the Lending Agent and each Client on behalf of itself and each respective Fund. Every reference to Client or Fund shall be construed to be a reference solely to the particular Client or Fund that is a party to the relevant transaction. Each of the parties agrees that under no circumstances shall any rights, obligations, remedies or liabilities of a particular Client or Fund, or with respect to transactions to which a particular Client or Fund is a party, be deemed to constitute rights, obligations, remedies or liabilities applicable to any other Client or Fund or to transactions to which other Clients or Funds are parties, and the Lending Agent shall have no right to set off claims of any Client or Fund against property or liabilities of any other Client or Fund. All transactions are entered into in reliance on the fact that this Agreement constitutes a separate agreement between the Lending Agent and the Client or Fund.

32.    Additional Parties. The Lending Agent agrees that additional Clients may be added as parties to this Agreement from time to time upon written notice to the Lending Agent and upon written consent of the Lending Agent to the addition of any such additional Client.

33.    Business Trust. With respect to a Client which is a business trust, the Lending Agent acknowledges and agrees that this Agreement is executed by such Client on behalf of the trustees of such Client as trustees and not individually; and no trustee, shareholder, officer, employee or agent of such business trust shall be held to any personal liability, nor shall resort be had to their property (other than the applicable trust property) for the satisfaction of the Client’s obligations under this Agreement, and such obligations are binding only upon the applicable trust property held by such trustee.

34.    Series Trusts. The parties acknowledge that the Client is an investment company, whose assets may be allocated to two or more series. In such case, the Lending Agent agrees to seek satisfaction of all obligations of such Client hereunder solely out of the assets of the series on whose behalf the Transaction(s) giving to the obligations was entered into. If the Client establishes two or more series, the Client shall so indicate on Schedule A or otherwise give notice thereof and identify such series, and from such time the liability of such series shall be limited as set forth above, as though and to the same extent as if such series was a separate and distinct Client hereunder.

 

- 14 -


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this Agreement to be executed in its name and behalf as of the day and year first set forth above.

 

BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC,

on behalf of each investment company

indicated on Schedule A

By:  

 

  Name: John Perlowski
  Title: Managing Director
BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC,
as Lending Agent
By:  

 

  Name: Roland Villacorta
  Title: Managing Director

 

- 15 -


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this Agreement to be executed in its name and behalf as of the day and year first set forth above.

 

BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC,

on behalf of each investment company

indicated on Schedule A

By:  

 

  Name: John Perlowski
  Title: Managing Director
BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC,
as Lending Agent
By:  

 

  Name: Roland Villacorta
  Title: Managing Director

 

- 16 -


Schedule A: Clients and Funds

Fixed-Income Complex Closed-End Funds

BlackRock 2022 Global Income Opportunity Trust

BlackRock California Municipal Income Trust

BlackRock Capital Allocation Trust

BlackRock Core Bond Trust

BlackRock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Credit Allocation Income Trust

BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund

BlackRock Debt Strategies Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Energy and Resources Trust

BlackRock Enhanced Capital and Income Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Enhanced Equity Dividend Trust

BlackRock Enhanced Global Dividend Trust

BlackRock Enhanced Government Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Enhanced International Dividend Trust

BlackRock ESG Capital Allocation Trust

BlackRock Floating Rate Income Strategies Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Floating Rate Income Trust

BlackRock Health Sciences Trust

BlackRock Health Sciences Trust II

BlackRock Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution

BlackRock Income Trust, Inc.

BlackRock Innovation and Growth Trust

BlackRock Investment Quality Municipal Trust, Inc

BlackRock Limited Duration Income Trust

BlackRock Long-Term Municipal Advantage Trust

BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust

BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust

BlackRock Multi-Sector Opportunities Trust II

BlackRock MuniAssets Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Municipal 2030 Target Term Trust

BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Municipal Income Quality Trust

BlackRock Municipal Income Trust

BlackRock Municipal Income Trust II

BlackRock MuniHoldings California Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniHoldings Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund

BlackRock MuniHoldings New Jersey Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniHoldings New York Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniHoldings Quality Fund II, Inc.

BlackRock MuniVest Fund II, Inc.

BlackRock MuniVest Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield California Fund, Inc.

 

Schedule A-1


BlackRock MuniYield California Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield Michigan Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield New Jersey Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield New York Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield Pennsylvania Quality Fund

BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund II, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund III, Inc.

BlackRock MuniYield Quality Fund, Inc.

BlackRock New York Municipal Income Trust

BlackRock Private Investments Fund

BlackRock Resources & Commodities Strategy Trust

BlackRock Science and Technology Trust

BlackRock Science and Technology Trust II

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust

BlackRock Virginia Municipal Bond Trust

Multi-Asset Complex Open-End Funds – Group A

BlackRock Advantage Global Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Advantage SMID Cap Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Balanced Capital Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Capital Appreciation Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Equity Dividend Fund

BlackRock EuroFund

BlackRock Financial Institutions Series Trust

BlackRock Summit Cash Reserves Fund

BlackRock FundsSM

BlackRock Advantage Emerging Markets Fund

BlackRock Advantage International Fund

BlackRock Advantage Large Cap Growth Fund

BlackRock Advantage Small Cap Core Fund

BlackRock Advantage Small Cap Growth Fund

BlackRock China A Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Commodity Strategies Fund

BlackRock Defensive Advantage Emerging Markets Fund

BlackRock Defensive Advantage International Fund

BlackRock Defensive Advantage U.S. Fund

BlackRock Energy Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Exchange Portfolio

BlackRock Global Equity Absolute Return Fund

BlackRock Global Impact Fund

BlackRock Global Long/Short Equity Fund

 

Schedule A-2


BlackRock Health Sciences Opportunities Portfolio

BlackRock High Equity Income Fund

BlackRock Infrastructure Sustainable Opportunities Fund

BlackRock International Dividend Fund

BlackRock International Impact Fund

BlackRock Liquid Environmentally Aware Fund

BlackRock Mid-Cap Growth Equity Portfolio

BlackRock Real Estate Securities Fund

BlackRock Short Obligations Fund

BlackRock SMID-Cap Growth Equity Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Advantage Emerging Markets Equity Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Advantage International Equity Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Advantage Large Cap Core Fund

BlackRock Tactical Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Technology Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Total Factor Fund

BlackRock U.S. Impact Fund

BlackRock Wealth Liquid Environmentally Aware Fund

BlackRock Funds II

BlackRock 20/80 Target Allocation Fund

BlackRock 40/60 Target Allocation Fund

BlackRock 60/40 Target Allocation Fund

BlackRock 80/20 Target Allocation Fund

BlackRock Dynamic High Income Portfolio

BlackRock Global Dividend Portfolio

BlackRock Managed Income Fund

BlackRock Multi-Asset Income Portfolio

BlackRock Retirement Income 2030 Fund

BlackRock Retirement Income 2040 Fund

BlackRock Funds VII, Inc.

BlackRock Sustainable Emerging Markets Equity Fund

BlackRock Sustainable International Equity Fund

BlackRock Sustainable U.S. Growth Equity Fund

BlackRock Sustainable U.S. Value Equity Fund

BlackRock Global Allocation Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Large Cap Focus Growth Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Large Cap Focus Value Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Large Cap Series Funds, Inc.

BlackRock Advantage Large Cap Core Fund

BlackRock Advantage Large Cap Value Fund

BlackRock Event Driven Equity Fund

BlackRock Latin America Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Liquidity Funds

California Money Fund

BlackRock Liquid Federal Trust Fund

FedFund

 

Schedule A-3


MuniCash

New York Money Fund

TempCash

TempFund

T-Fund

Treasury Trust Fund

BlackRock Long-Horizon Equity Fund

BlackRock Mid-Cap Value Series, Inc.

BlackRock Mid-Cap Value Fund

BlackRock Natural Resources Trust

BlackRock Series Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Advantage Large Cap Core Portfolio

BlackRock Balanced Capital Portfolio

BlackRock Capital Appreciation Portfolio

BlackRock Global Allocation Portfolio

BlackRock Government Money Market Portfolio

BlackRock Series, Inc.

BlackRock International Fund

BlackRock Variable Series Funds, Inc.

BlackRock 60/40 Target Allocation ETF V.I. Fund

BlackRock Advantage Large Cap Core V.I. Fund

BlackRock Advantage Large Cap Value V.I. Fund

BlackRock Advantage SMID Cap V.I. Fund

BlackRock Basic Value V.I. Fund

BlackRock Capital Appreciation V.I. Fund

BlackRock Equity Dividend V.I. Fund

BlackRock Global Allocation V.I. Fund

BlackRock Government Money Market V.I. Fund

BlackRock International Index V.I. Fund

BlackRock International V.I. Fund

BlackRock Large Cap Focus Growth V.I. Fund

BlackRock Managed Volatility V.I. Fund

BlackRock S&P 500 Index V.I. Fund

BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Fund

Managed Account Series

BlackRock GA Disciplined Volatility Equity Fund

BlackRock GA Dynamic Equity Fund

Master Large Cap Series LLC

Master Advantage Large Cap Core Portfolio

Fixed-Income Complex Open-End Funds – Group B

BlackRock Allocation Target Shares

BATS: Series A Portfolio

BATS: Series C Portfolio

BATS: Series E Portfolio

 

Schedule A-4


BATS: Series M Portfolio

BATS: Series P Portfolio

BATS: Series S Portfolio

BATS: Series V Portfolio

BlackRock Bond Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Total Return Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Total Return Fund

BlackRock California Municipal Series Trust

BlackRock California Municipal Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Funds IV

BlackRock Global Long/Short Credit Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Advantage CoreAlpha Bond Fund

BlackRock Systematic Multi-Strategy Fund

BlackRock Funds V

BlackRock Core Bond Portfolio

BlackRock Floating Rate Income Portfolio

BlackRock GNMA Portfolio

BlackRock High Yield Bond Portfolio

BlackRock Income Fund

BlackRock Inflation Protected Bond Portfolio

BlackRock Low Duration Bond Portfolio

BlackRock Strategic Income Opportunities Portfolio

BlackRock Sustainable Emerging Markets Bond Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Emerging Markets Flexible Bond Fund

BlackRock Sustainable High Yield Bond Fund

BlackRock Sustainable Low Duration Bond Fund

BlackRock U.S. Government Bond Portfolio

BlackRock Multi-State Municipal Series Trust

BlackRock New Jersey Municipal Bond Fund

BlackRock New York Municipal Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Pennsylvania Municipal Bond Fund

BlackRock Municipal Bond Fund, Inc.

BlackRock High Yield Municipal Fund

BlackRock National Municipal Fund

BlackRock Short-Term Municipal Fund

BlackRock Municipal Series Trust

BlackRock Strategic Municipal Opportunities Fund

BlackRock Series Fund II, Inc.

BlackRock High Yield Portfolio

BlackRock U.S. Government Bond Portfolio

BlackRock Strategic Global Bond Fund, Inc.

BlackRock Variable Series Funds II, Inc.

BlackRock High Yield V.I. Fund

BlackRock Total Return V.I. Fund

BlackRock U.S. Government Bond V.I. Fund

 

Schedule A-5


Managed Account Series II

BlackRock U.S. Mortgage Portfolio

Master Bond LLC

Master Total Return Portfolio

 

Schedule A-6


Schedule B: Forms of Securities Loan Agreement

 

Schedule B-1


Appendix A

Closed-End Funds: Threshold Lending Program

 

1.

For the Funds in the Fixed-Income Complex identified on Schedule A as Fixed-Income Complex Closed-End Funds (collectively, the “Closed-End Funds”), the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%). The “Fixed-Income Complex” refers to all of the Funds currently or in the future overseen by a board of directors/trustees consisting of the same individuals (or a subset thereof) who comprise the members of the boards of directors/trustees of the Closed-End Funds, the Fixed-Income Complex Open-End Funds – Group B (the “Group B Funds”) listed on Schedule A and the funds listed on Appendix D hereto.

 

2.

Notwithstanding paragraph 1 above, if at any point during a calendar year, the aggregate gross revenues earned by the funds in the Fixed-Income Complex prior to payment of compensation to the applicable lending agent exceed $3,150,000 (the “Fixed-Income Complex Breakpoint”), the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be reduced to fifteen percent (15%) in allocating net income after the gross revenues for the calendar year equal the Fixed-Income Complex Breakpoint. The adjusted allocation shall become effective on incremental gross income starting on the next business day after the Fixed-Income Complex Breakpoint is reached.

 

3.

The Client and the Lending Agent agree and acknowledge that no advisory fee is payable with respect to management and investment of a Fund’s Cash Collateral in any joint account, fund or similar vehicle. The Lending Agent has agreed to cap the Cash Management Costs in respect of the investment of Cash Collateral in Money Market Series on an annualized basis at 0.04% of the daily net asset value of Money Market Series. The cap on the Cash Management Costs may be raised or reduced upon mutual agreement between the Lending Agent and the Client. In the event that a Fund directly or indirectly bears any Cash Management Costs, as computed at least monthly by the Lending Agent or its designee, in excess of such cap, then such excess shall, without limitation, be deemed a transaction fee or other operational cost for which the Lending Agent shall be responsible.

 

App. A-2


Appendix B

Group A Funds: Full Program

 

1.

For the Funds in the Multi-Asset Complex identified on Schedule A as Multi-Asset Complex Open-End Funds – Group A (the “Group A Funds”), the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be as set forth below:

 

  a.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as a “U.S. Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is nineteen percent (19%).

 

  b.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as an “International Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%).

 

  c.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as a “Fund of Funds” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%).

 

  d.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as a “Fixed Income Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%).

The “Multi-Asset Complex” refers to all of the Funds currently or in the future overseen by a board of directors/trustees consisting of the same individuals who comprise the members of the boards of directors/trustees of the Group A Funds listed on Schedule A and the funds listed on Appendix E hereto.

 

2.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any point during a calendar year, the aggregate gross revenues earned by the funds in the Multi-Asset Complex prior to payment of compensation to the applicable lending agent exceed $29,780,000 (the “Multi-Asset Complex Breakpoint”), the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be equal to or reduced to, as applicable, the following in allocating net income after the gross revenues for the calendar year equal the Multi-Asset Complex Breakpoint:

 

  a.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as a “U.S. Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be nineteen percent (19%).

 

  b.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as an “International Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be fifteen percent (15%).

 

  c.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as a “Fund of Funds” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be fifteen percent (15%).

 

App. B-1


  d.

With respect to a Group A Fund that is identified as a “Fixed Income Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be fifteen percent (15%).

The adjusted allocation shall become effective on incremental gross income starting on the next business day after the Multi-Asset Complex Breakpoint is reached.

 

3.

The Client and the Lending Agent agree and acknowledge that no advisory fee is payable with respect to management and investment of a Group A Fund’s Cash Collateral in any joint account, fund or similar vehicle. The Lending Agent has agreed to cap the Cash Management Costs in respect of the investment of Cash Collateral in Money Market Series on an annualized basis at 0.04% of the daily net asset value of Money Market Series. The cap on the Cash Management Costs may be raised or reduced upon mutual agreement between the Lending Agent and the Client. In the event that a Group A Fund directly or indirectly bears any Cash Management Costs, as computed at least monthly by the Lending Agent or its designee, in excess of such cap, then such excess shall, without limitation, be deemed a transaction fee or other operational cost for which the Lending Agent shall be responsible.

 

4.

Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, if the fee calculated pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Appendix B would result in an effective fee split for a Group A Fund of less than seventy percent (70%) of the sum of such Group A Fund’s securities lending income (after deducting the rebate to the Approved Borrowers) and Cash Management Costs for any day (the “Group A Funds Effective Fee Split Floor”), then the Lending Agent’s fees for such day shall be reduced to the extent necessary to provide such Group A Fund with the Group A Funds Effective Fee Split Floor.

 

App. B-2


Appendix C

Group B Funds: Full Program

 

1.

For the Funds in the Fixed-Income Complex identified on Schedule A as Fixed-Income Complex Open-End Funds – Group B (the “Group B Funds”), the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be as set forth below:

 

  a.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as a “U.S. Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is nineteen percent (19%).

 

  b.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as an “International Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%).

 

  c.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as a “Fund of Funds” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%).

 

  d.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as a “Fixed Income Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage is eighteen percent (18%).

The “Fixed-Income Complex” refers to all of the Funds currently or in the future overseen by a board of directors/trustees consisting of the same individuals (or a subset thereof) who comprise the members of the boards of directors/trustees of the Closed-End Funds, the Group B Funds listed on Schedule A, and the funds listed on Appendix D hereto.

 

2.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any point during a calendar year, the aggregate gross revenues earned by the funds in the Fixed-Income Complex prior to payment of compensation to the applicable lending agent exceed $3,150,000 (the “Fixed-Income Complex Breakpoint”), the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be equal to or reduced to, as applicable, the following in allocating net income after the gross revenues for the calendar year equal the Fixed-Income Complex Breakpoint:

 

  a.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as a “U.S. Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be nineteen percent (19%).

 

  b.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as an “International Equity Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be fifteen percent (15%).

 

  c.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as a “Fund of Funds” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be fifteen percent (15%).

 

Appendix C-1


d.

With respect to a Group B Fund that is identified as a “Fixed Income Fund” in accordance with a methodology agreed to between the Lending Agent and the Client, the Lending Agent Fee Percentage shall be fifteen percent (15%).

The adjusted allocation shall become effective on incremental gross income starting on the next business day after the Fixed-Income Complex Breakpoint is reached.

 

3.

The Client and the Lending Agent agree and acknowledge that no advisory fee is payable with respect to management and investment of a Group B Fund’s Cash Collateral in any joint account, fund or similar vehicle. The Lending Agent has agreed to cap the Cash Management Costs in respect of the investment of Cash Collateral in Money Market Series on an annualized basis at 0.04% of the daily net asset value of Money Market Series. The cap on the Cash Management Costs may be raised or reduced upon mutual agreement between the Lending Agent and the Client. In the event that a Group B Fund directly or indirectly bears any Cash Management Costs, as computed at least monthly by the Lending Agent or its designee, in excess of such cap, then such excess shall, without limitation, be deemed a transaction fee or other operational cost for which the Lending Agent shall be responsible.

 

4.

Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, if the fee calculated pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Appendix C would result in an effective fee split for a Group B Fund of less than seventy percent (70%) of the sum of such Group B Fund’s securities lending income (after deducting the rebate to the Approved Borrowers) and Cash Management Costs for any day (the “Group B Funds Effective Fee Split Floor”), then the Lending Agent’s fees for such day shall be reduced to the extent necessary to provide such Group B Fund with the Group B Funds Effective Fee Split Floor.

 

Appendix C-2


Appendix D

Fixed-Income Complex Open-End Funds*

BlackRock ETF Trust II

BlackRock High Yield Muni Income Bond ETF**

BlackRock Intermediate Muni Income Bond ETF**

BlackRock Funds VI

BlackRock Advantage CoreAlpha Bond Fund

Master Investment Portfolio II

Advantage CoreAlpha Bond Master Portfolio

 

*

Funds have alternative securities lending agency arrangement.

**

Fund is an exchange-traded fund.

 

App. D


Appendix E

Multi-Asset Complex Open-End Funds*

BlackRock ETF Trust

BlackRock Future Climate and Sustainable Economy ETF**

BlackRock Future Health ETF**

BlackRock Future Innovators ETF**

BlackRock Future Tech ETF**

BlackRock Future U.S. Themes ETF**

BlackRock U.S. Carbon Transition Readiness ETF**

BlackRock U.S. Equity Factor Rotation ETF**

BlackRock World ex U.S. Carbon Transition Readiness ETF**

BlackRock FundsSM

iShares Developed Real Estate Index Fund

iShares Municipal Bond Index Fund

iShares Russell Mid-Cap Index Fund

iShares Russell Small/Mid-Cap Index Fund

iShares Short-Term TIPS Bond Index Fund

iShares Total U.S. Stock Market Index Fund

BlackRock Funds III

BlackRock Cash Funds: Institutional

BlackRock Cash Funds: Treasury

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic Retirement Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2025 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2030 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2035 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2040 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2045 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2050 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2055 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2060 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Dynamic 2065 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index Retirement Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2025 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2030 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2035 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2040 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2045 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2050 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2055 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2060 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® ESG Index 2065 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index Retirement Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2025 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2030 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2035 Fund

 

App. E-1


BlackRock LifePath® Index 2040 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2045 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2050 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2055 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2060 Fund

BlackRock LifePath® Index 2065 Fund

iShares MSCI Total International Index Fund

iShares Russell 1000 Large-Cap Index Fund

iShares S&P 500 Index Fund

iShares U.S. Aggregate Bond Index Fund

BlackRock Index Funds, Inc.

iShares MSCI EAFE International Index Fund

iShares Russell 2000 Small-Cap Index Fund

Master Investment Portfolio

Diversified Equity Master Portfolio

International Tilts Master Portfolio

Large Cap Index Master Portfolio

Money Market Master Portfolio

S&P 500 Index Master Portfolio

Total International ex U.S. Index Master Portfolio

Treasury Money Market Master Portfolio

U.S. Total Bond Index Master Portfolio

Quantitative Master Series LLC

Master Small Cap Index Series

 

*

Funds have alternative securities lending agency arrangement.

**

Fund is an exchange-traded fund.

 

App. E-2

Exhibit (k)(4)

ORGANIZATIONAL AND OFFERING EXPENSES AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT made this [●] day of [●], 2022, by and between BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust, a Maryland statutory trust (the “Fund”), and BlackRock Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Advisor”), and is acknowledged and agreed to by BlackRock Investments, LLC (“BRIL”).

WHEREAS, the Fund and the Advisor have separately entered into an Investment Management Agreement dated [•], 2022 (the “Management Contract”).

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter contained, and in connection with the establishment and commencement of operations of the Fund, it is hereby agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows:

1.    The Advisor agrees to pay all of the Fund’s organizational expenses. The Advisor also agrees to pay, if the initial public offering of the Fund (“IPO”) occurs, the Fund’s offering costs of the initial offering of common shares of beneficial interest of the Fund (“shares”). For purposes of this Agreement, “offering costs” do not include management fees payable by the Fund pursuant to the terms of the Management Contract but do include, without limitation, (i) any applicable portion of the Fund’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Fund’s underwriters in connection with the IPO, and (ii) reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses related to the IPO incurred by certain employees and affiliates (including BRIL), or associated persons thereof, of the Advisor, including in connection with participation in the road show and related activities.

2.    This Agreement may be terminated only by the vote of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, including the vote of the members of the Board who are not “interested persons” of the Fund within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

3.    This Agreement shall be governed by, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflicts of law.

4.    If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule, or otherwise, the remainder shall not be thereby affected.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trust and the Advisor have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first above written.

 

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

By:

 

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC

By:

 

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

Acknowledged and Agreed to by the following on the day and year first written above:

 

BLACKROCK INVESTMENTS, LLC

By:

 

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

 

- 2 -

Exhibit (r)

Code of Ethics for Fund Access Persons

April 1, 2021

 

LOGO

 

 Code of Ethics for Fund Access Persons

 

                       

Effective Date: April 1, 2021

Applies to the following types of Funds registered under the 1940 Act:

Open-End Mutual Funds (excluding money-market funds)

☒ Money Market Funds

☒ ETFs

Closed-End Funds

☒ Other (Business Development Companies)

Objective and Scope

The purpose of this Code of Ethics (the “Code”) is to prevent Access Persons (as defined below) of BlackRock open- and closed-end funds and exchange traded funds, BlackRock Capital Investment Corporation, BlackRock TCP Capital Corp., and BlackRock Direct Lending Corp. (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) from engaging in any act, practice or course of business prohibited by paragraph (b) of Rule 17j-1 (the “Rule”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). This Code is required by paragraph (c) of the Rule. A copy of the Rule is attached to this Code as Appendix A.

Executive Summary

Access Persons (as defined below) of the Funds, in conducting their personal securities transactions, owe a fiduciary duty to the Funds. The fundamental standard to be followed in personal securities transactions is that Access Persons may not take inappropriate advantage of their positions. All personal securities transactions by Access Persons must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest between the Access Person’s interest and the interests of the Funds, or any abuse of an Access Person’s position of trust and responsibility.

Policy / Document Requirements and Statements

 

1.

Introduction

Potential conflicts arising from personal investment activities could include buying or selling securities based on knowledge of a Fund’s trading position or plans (sometimes referred to as front-running), and acceptance of personal favors that could influence trading judgments on behalf of the Fund. While this Code is designed to address identified conflicts and potential conflicts, it cannot possibly be written broadly enough to cover all potential situations and, in this regard, Access Persons are expected to adhere not only to the letter, but also the spirit, of the policies contained herein.

 

   Public   
LOGO      
      1


Code of Ethics for Fund Access Persons

April 1, 2021

 

2.

Confidential Information

In order to understand how this Code applies to particular persons and transactions, familiarity with the key terms and concepts used in this Code is necessary. Those key terms and concepts are:

 

  2.1.

“Access Person” with respect to a Fund means any Advisory Person of the Fund, BlackRock or a Subadviser. Those persons who may be considered Access Persons of the Funds include those listed on attached Appendix B to this Code and will be updated from time to time.

 

  2.2.

“Advisory Person” means: (a) any director or advisory board1 member, officer, general partner or employee of a Fund, BlackRock or a Subadviser or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund, BlackRock or a Subadviser, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by the Fund, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (b) any natural person in a control relationship to the Fund, BlackRock or a Subadviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund.

 

  2.3.

“Automatic Investment Plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

 

  2.4.

“Beneficial ownership” has the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a copy of which is included as Appendix C. The determination of direct or indirect beneficial ownership shall apply to all securities which an Access Person has or acquires.

 

  2.5.

“BRIL” means BlackRock Investments, LLC, each open-end Fund’s principal underwriter and the principal underwriter of certain closed-end Funds.

 

  2.6.

“BlackRock” means persons controlling, controlled by or under common control with BlackRock, Inc. that act as investment adviser and subadviser to the Funds.

 

  2.7.

“Board” means, collectively, the boards of directors or trustees of the Funds.

 

  2.8.

“PTP” means the Personal Trading Policy adopted by BlackRock and BRIL and approved by the Board.

 

  2.9.

“control” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.

 

  2.10.

“Covered Security” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act, except that it shall not include: direct obligations of the U.S. Government; bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and high-quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; and shares issued by registered open-end investment companies. A high-quality short-term debt instrument is one with a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization.

 

  2.11.

“Independent Director” means a director or trustee of a Fund who is not an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. All provisions of this Code applicable to Independent Directors will also be applicable to advisory board members.

 

1

As defined in Section 2(a)(1) of the 1940 Act.

 

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  2.12.

“Investment Personnel” of a Fund, BlackRock or a Subadviser means: (a) any employee of the Fund, BlackRock, or a Subadviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund, BlackRock, or a Subadviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund and (b) any natural person who controls the Fund, BlackRock, or a Subadviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund.

 

  2.13.

“IPO” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”) the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

  2.14.

“Limited Offering” means an offering exempt from registration under the 1933 Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) or 4(a)(5) or Rule 504, 505, or 506 under the 1933 Act.

 

  2.15.

“Purchase or sale of a Covered Security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security.

 

  2.16.

“Subadviser” means any investment adviser to a Fund that does not control, is not controlled by, and is not under common control with, BlackRock and to whom BlackRock delegates certain investment management responsibilities.

 

3.

Restrictions Applicable to Directors, Officers and Employees of BlackRock and BRIL

 

  3.1.

All Access Persons of BlackRock’s investment advisory companies and BRIL shall be subject to the restrictions, limitations and reporting responsibilities set forth in the PTP, as if fully set forth herein.

 

  3.2.

Persons subject to this Section 3 shall not be subject to the restrictions, limitations and reporting responsibilities set forth in Sections 4 and 5 below. In particular, an Access Person of BlackRock’s investment advisory companies need not make a separate report under this Code to the extent the information would duplicate information required to be recorded under Rule 204-2(a)(13) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

 

  3.3.

Any Access Person of a Subadviser shall not be subject to this Code, so long as such Access Person is subject to a code of ethics duly adopted by the Subadviser relating to personal securities transactions by such Access Person, provided that such code of ethics complies with the requirements of the Rule and has been approved by the Board.

 

4.

Pre-Approval of Investments in Initial Public Offerings or Limited Offerings

With respect to purchases of securities (including, but not limited to, any Covered Security) issued in an IPO or a Limited Offering, all Access Persons of BlackRock’s investment advisory companies are subject to the restrictions, limitations, and reporting responsibilities set forth in the PTP and in addition, with respect to Limited Offerings, the Global Employee Private Investment Policy.

No Investment Personnel shall purchase any security (including, but not limited to, any Covered Security) issued in an IPO or a Limited Offering unless permitted by Legal & Compliance in advance. The Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) of the Funds shall maintain a written record of any decisions to permit these transactions, along with the reasons supporting the decision.

 

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5.

Reporting

 

  5.1.

Initial Holdings Reports

No later than ten days after a person becomes an Access Person, he or she must report to Legal & Compliance the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person):

 

  a.

the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person;

  b.

the name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and

  c.

the date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

  5.2.

Quarterly Reporting

 

  5.2.1

Every Access Person shall either report to Legal & Compliance the information described in paragraphs 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 below with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which the Access Person has, or by reason of the transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership or, in the alternative, make the representation in Section 5.2.4 below.

 

  5.2.2

Every report shall be made not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected and shall contain the following information:

 

  a.

the date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of units, and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

  b.

the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

  c.

the price at which the transaction was effected;

  d.

the name of the broker, dealer, or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected;

  e.

the date that the report is submitted by the Access Person; and

  f.

a description of any factors potentially relevant to an analysis of whether the Access Person may have a conflict of interest with respect to the transaction, including the existence of any substantial economic relationship between the transaction and securities held or to be acquired by a Fund.

 

  5.2.3

Upon establishing any account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person, an Access Person shall provide a report to Legal & Compliance containing the following information:

 

  a.

the name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person established the account;

  b.

the date the account was established; and

  c.

the date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

  5.2.4

If no transactions were conducted by an Access Person during a calendar quarter that are subject to the reporting requirements described above, such Access Person shall, not later than 30 days after the end of that calendar quarter, provide a written representation to that effect to the Funds.

 

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  5.3.

Annual Reporting

 

  5.3.1

Every Access Person shall report to each Fund the information described in Section 5.3.2 below with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which the Access Person has, or by reason of the transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security.

 

  5.3.2

Annually, an Access Person shall provide a report to each Fund containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted):

 

  a.

the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

  b.

the name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and

  c.

the date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

  5.4.

Exceptions to Reporting Requirements

 

  5.4.1

An Access Person is not required to make a report otherwise required under Sections 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 above with respect to any transaction effected for any account over which the Access Person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control; provided, however, that if the Access Person is relying upon the provisions of this Section 5.4.1 to avoid making such a report, the Access Person shall, not later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, identify any such account in writing and certify in writing that he or she had no direct or indirect influence over any such account.

 

  5.4.2

An Access Person is not required to make a report otherwise required under Section 5.2 above with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan.

 

  5.4.3

An Independent Director of a Fund (which for purposes of this Section shall include an advisory board member) who would be required to make a report pursuant to Sections 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 above, solely by reason of being a board member of the Fund, is not required to make an initial holdings report under Section 5.1 above and an annual report under Section 5.3 above, and is only required to make a quarterly report under Section 5.2 above, with respect to a transaction in a Covered Security, if the Independent Director knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling the Independent Director’s official duties as a board member of the Fund, should have known that: (a) the Fund has engaged in a transaction in the same security within the last 15 days of such Independent Director’s transaction in such Covered Security or is engaging or going to engage in a transaction in the same security within the next 15 days of such Independent Director’s transaction in such Covered Security; or (b) the Fund or BlackRock has within the last 15 days of such Independent Director’s transaction in such Covered Security considered a transaction in the same security or is considering a transaction in the same security or within the next 15 days of such Independent Director’s transaction in such Covered Security is going to consider a transaction in the same security.

 

  5.5.

Annual Certification

 

  5.5.1

All Access Persons are required to certify that they have read and understand this Code and recognize that they are subject to the provisions hereof and will comply with the policy and procedures stated herein. Further, all Access Persons are required to certify annually that they have complied with the requirements of this Code and that they have reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of such policies. A copy of the certification form to be used in complying with this Section 5.5.1 is attached to this Code as Appendix D.

 

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  5.5.2

Each Fund, BlackRock and BRIL shall prepare an annual report to the Board to be presented to the Board each year and which shall:

 

  a.

summarize existing procedures concerning personal investing, including preclearance policies and the monitoring of personal investment activity after preclearance has been granted, and any material changes in the procedures during the past year;

  b.

describe any issues arising under this Code or procedures since the last report to the Board including, but not limited to, information about any material violations of this Code or procedures and the sanctions imposed during the past year;

  c.

identify any recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures based upon experience under this Code, evolving industry practice or developments in applicable laws and regulations;

  d.

contain such other information, observations and recommendations as deemed relevant by such Fund, BlackRock or BRIL; and

  e.

certify that such Fund, BlackRock and BRIL have adopted this Code with procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the provisions of Rule 17j-1(b) or this Code.

5.6.    Notification of Reporting Obligation and Review of Reports

Each Access Person shall receive a copy of this Code and be notified of his or her reporting obligations. All reports shall be promptly submitted upon completion to the Funds’ CCO who shall review such reports.

5.7.    Miscellaneous

Any report under this Code may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making the report that the person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities to which the report relates.

 

6.

Recordkeeping Requirements

Each Fund shall maintain, at its principal place of business, records in the manner and to the extent set out below, which records shall be available for examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

 

  6.1.

As long as this Code is in effect, a copy of it (and any version thereof that was in effect within the past five years) shall be preserved in an easily accessible place.

 

  6.2.

The following records must be maintained in an easily accessible place for five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the event took place:

 

  a.

a record of any violation of this Code, and of any action taken as a result of the violation;

  b.

a record of all persons, currently or within the past five years, who are or were required to make reports under Section 5, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports; and

  c.

a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition by I nvestment Personnel of securities under Section 4.

 

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  6.3.

The following records must be maintained for five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the event took place, the first two years in an easily accessible place:

 

  a.

a copy of each report made by an Access Person pursuant to this Code, including any information required by Section 5.4.1 in lieu of such reports; and

  b.

a copy of each annual report submitted by each Fund, BlackRock and BRIL to the Board.

 

7.

Confidentiality

No Access Person shall reveal to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a Fund) any information regarding securities transactions by a Fund or consideration by a Fund or BlackRock of any such securities transaction.

All information obtained from any Access Person hereunder shall be kept in strict confidence, except that reports of securities transactions hereunder will be made available to the SEC or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization to the extent required by law or regulation.

 

8.

Sanctions

Upon discovering a violation of this Code, Legal & Compliance reviews the violation and imposes appropriate sanctions. In addition, the Board may impose any sanctions it deems appropriate, including a letter of censure, the suspension or termination of any officer or employee of a Fund, or the recommendation to the employer of the violator of the suspension or termination of the employment of the violator.

 

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i.

DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this section:

 

1.

Access Person means:

 

  A.

Any Advisory Person of a Fund or of a Fund’s investment adviser. If an investment adviser’s primary business is advising Funds or other advisory clients, all of the investment adviser’s directors, officers, and general partners are presumed to be Access Persons of any Fund advised by the investment adviser. All of a Fund’s directors, officers, and general partners are presumed to be Access Persons of the Fund.

 

  1)

If an investment adviser is primarily engaged in a business or businesses other than advising Funds or other advisory clients, the term Access Person means any director, officer, general partner or Advisory Person of the investment adviser who, with respect to any Fund, makes any recommendation, participates in the determination of which recommendation will be made, or whose principal function or duties relate to the determination of which recommendation will be made, or who, in connection with his or her duties, obtains any information concerning recommendations on Covered Securities being made by the investment adviser to any Fund.

 

  2)

An investment adviser is “primarily engaged in a business or businesses other than advising Funds or other advisory clients” if, for each of its most recent three fiscal years or for the period of time since its organization, whichever is less, the investment adviser derived, on an unconsolidated basis, more than 50 percent of its total sales and revenues and more than 50 percent of its income (or loss), before income taxes and extraordinary items, from the other business or businesses.

 

  B.

Any director, officer or general partner of a principal underwriter who, in the ordinary course of business, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund for which the principal underwriter acts, or whose functions or duties in the ordinary course of business relate to the making of any recommendation to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities.

 

2.

Advisory Person of a Fund or of a Fund’s investment adviser means:

 

  A.

Any director, officer, general partner or employee of the Fund or investment adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or investment adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by a Fund, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and

 

  B.

Any natural person in a control relationship to the Fund or investment adviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund.

 

3.

Control has the same meaning as in section 2(a)(9) of the Act.

 

4.

Covered Security means a security as defined in section 2(a)(36) of the Act, except that it does not include:

 

  A.

Direct obligations of the Government of the United States;

 

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  B.

Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; and

 

  C.

Shares issued by open-end Funds.

 

5.

Fund means an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act.

 

6.

An Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

7.

Investment Personnel of a Fund or of a Fund’s investment adviser means:

 

  A.

Any employee of the Fund or investment adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or investment adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund.

 

  B.

Any natural person who controls the Fund or investment adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund.

 

8.

A Limited Offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to rule 504, rule 505, or rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

9.

Purchase or sale of a Covered Security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security.

 

10.

Security Held or to be Acquired by a Fund means:

 

  A.

Any Covered Security which, within the most recent 15 days:

 

  1)

Is or has been held by the Fund; or

 

  2)

Is being or has been considered by the Fund or its investment adviser for purchase by the Fund; and

 

  B.

Any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security described in paragraph (1)(10)(A) of this section.

 

11.

Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

 

ii.

UNLAWFUL ACTIONS

It is unlawful for any affiliated person of or principal underwriter for a Fund, or any affiliated person of an investment adviser of or principal underwriter for a Fund, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by the person of a Security Held or to be Acquired by the Fund:

 

1.

To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

 

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2.

To make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

 

3.

To engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

 

4.

To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.

 

iii.

CODE OF ETHICS

 

1.

Adoption and Approval of Code of Ethics.

 

  A.

Every Fund (other than a money market fund or a Fund that does not invest in Covered Securities) and each investment adviser of and principal underwriter for the Fund, must adopt a written code of ethics containing provisions reasonably necessary to prevent its Access Persons from engaging in any conduct prohibited by paragraph (II) of this section.

 

  B.

The board of directors of a Fund, including a majority of directors who are not interested persons, must approve the code of ethics of the Fund, the code of ethics of each investment adviser and principal underwriter of the Fund, and any material changes to these codes. The board must base its approval of a code and any material changes to the code on a determination that the code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from engaging in any conduct prohibited by paragraph (II) of this section. Before approving a code of a Fund, investment adviser or principal underwriter or any amendment to the code, the board of directors must receive a certification from the Fund, investment adviser or principal underwriter that it has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Funds, investment adviser’s, or principal underwriter’s code of ethics. The Fund’s board must approve the code of an investment adviser or principal underwriter before initially retaining the services of the investment adviser or principal underwriter. The Fund’s board must approve a material change to a code no later than six months after adoption of the material change.

 

  C.

If a Fund is a unit investment trust, the Fund’s principal underwriter or depositor must approve the Fund’s code of ethics, as required by paragraph (III)(1)(B) of this section. If the Fund has more than one principal underwriter or depositor, the principal underwriters and depositors may designate, in writing, which principal underwriter or depositor must conduct the approval required by paragraph (III)(1)(B) of this section, if they obtain written consent from the designated principal underwriter or depositor.

 

2.

Administration of Code of Ethics.

 

  A.

The Fund, investment adviser and principal underwriter must use reasonable diligence and institute procedures reasonably necessary to prevent violations of its code of ethics.

 

  B.

No less frequently than annually, every Fund (other than a unit investment trust) and its investment advisers and principal underwriters must furnish to the Fund’s board of directors, and the board of directors must consider, a written report that:

 

  1)

Describes any issues arising under the code of ethics or procedures since the last report to the board of directors, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and

 

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  2)

Certifies that the Fund, investment adviser or principal underwriter, as applicable, has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the code.

 

3.

Exception for Principal Underwriters. The requirements of paragraphs (III)(1) and (III)(2) of this section do not apply to any principal underwriter unless:

 

  A.

The principal underwriter is an affiliated person of the Fund or of the Fund’s investment adviser; or

 

  B.

An officer, director or general partner of the principal underwriter serves as an officer, director or general partner of the Fund or of the Fund’s investment adviser.

 

iv.

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF ACCESS PERSONS

 

1.

Reports Required.

Unless excepted by paragraph (IV)(2) of this section, every Access Person of a Fund (other than a money market fund or a Fund that does not invest in Covered Securities) and every Access Person of an investment adviser of or principal underwriter for the Fund, must report to that Fund, investment adviser or principal underwriter:

 

  A.

Initial Holdings Reports. No later than 10 days after the person becomes an Access Person (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person):

 

  1)

The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person;

 

  2)

The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and

 

  3)

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

  B.

Quarterly Transaction Reports.

No later than 30 days after the end of a calendar quarter, the following information:

 

  1)

With respect to any transaction during the quarter in a Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership:

 

  1)

The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

 

  2)

The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

 

  3)

The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected;

 

  4)

The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and

 

  5)

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

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  2)

With respect to any account established by the Access Person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person:

 

  1)

The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person established the account;

 

  2)

The date the account was established; and

 

  3)

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

  C.

Annual Holdings Reports.

Annually, the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted):

 

  1)

The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

 

  2)

The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and

 

  3)

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

2.

Exceptions from Reporting Requirements.

 

  A.

A. A person need not make a report under paragraph (IV)(1) of this section with respect to transactions effected for, and Covered Securities held in, any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control.

 

  B.

B. A director of a Fund who is not an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of section 2(a)(19) of the Act, and who would be required to make a report solely by reason of being a Fund director, need not make:

 

  1)

An initial holdings report under paragraph (IV)(1)(A) of this section and an annual holdings report under paragraph (IV)(1)(C) of this section; and

 

  2)

A quarterly transaction report under paragraph (IV)(1)(B) of this section, unless the director knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Fund director, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the director’s transaction in a Covered Security, the Fund purchased or sold the Covered Security, or the Fund or its investment adviser considered purchasing or selling the Covered Security.

 

  C.

An Access Person to a Fund’s principal underwriter need not make a report to the principal underwriter under paragraph (IV)(1) of this section if:

 

  1)

The principal underwriter is not an affiliated person of the Fund (unless the Fund is a unit investment trust) or any investment adviser of the Fund; and

 

  2)

The principal underwriter has no officer, director or general partner who serves as an officer, director or general partner of the Fund or of any investment adviser of the Fund.

 

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  D.

An Access Person to an investment adviser need not make a separate report to the investment adviser under paragraph (IV)(1) of this section to the extent the information in the report would duplicate information required to be recorded under § 275.204-2(a)(13) of this chapter.

 

  E.

An Access Person need not make a quarterly transaction report under paragraph (IV)(1)(B) of this section if the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements received by the Fund, investment adviser or principal underwriter with respect to the Access Person in the time period required by paragraph (IV)(1)(B), if all of the information required by that paragraph is contained in the broker trade confirmations or account statements, or in the records of the Fund, investment adviser or principal underwriter.

 

  F.

An Access Person need not make a quarterly transaction report under paragraph (IV)(1)(B) of this section with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan.

 

3.

Review of Reports.

Each Fund, investment adviser and principal underwriter to which reports are required to be made by paragraph (IV)(1) of this section must institute procedures by which appropriate management or compliance personnel review these reports.

 

4.

Notification of Reporting Obligation.

Each Fund, investment adviser and principal underwriter to which reports are required to be made by paragraph (IV)(1) of this section must identify all Access Persons who are required to make these reports and must inform those Access Persons of their reporting obligation.

 

5.

Beneficial Ownership.

For purposes of this section, beneficial ownership is interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of this chapter in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder. Any report required by paragraph (IV) of this section may contain a statement that the report will not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security to which the report relates.

 

v.

PRE-APPROVAL OF INVESTMENTS IN IPOS AND LIMITED OFFERINGS

Investment Personnel of a Fund or its investment adviser must obtain approval from the Fund or the Fund’s investment adviser before directly or indirectly acquiring beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering or in a Limited Offering.

 

vi.

RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS

1. Each Fund, investment adviser and principal underwriter that is required to adopt a code of ethics or to which reports are required to be made by Access Persons must, at its principal place of business, maintain records in the manner and to the extent set out in this paragraph (VI), and must make these records available to the Commission or any representative of the Commission at any time and from time to time for reasonable periodic, special or other examination:

 

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Code of Ethics for Fund Access Persons

April 1, 2021

 

  A.

A copy of each code of ethics for the organization that is in effect, or at any time within the past five years was in effect, must be maintained in an easily accessible place;

 

  B.

A record of any violation of the code of ethics, and of any action taken as a result of the violation, must be maintained in an easily accessible place for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

 

  C.

A copy of each report made by an Access Person as required by this section, including any information provided in lieu of the reports under paragraph (IV)(2)(E) of this section, must be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

 

  D.

A record of all persons, currently or within the past five years, who are or were required to make reports under paragraph (IV) of this section, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, must be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

 

  E.

A copy of each report required by paragraph (III)(2)(B) of this section must be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place.

 

2.

A Fund or investment adviser must maintain a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition by investment personnel of securities under paragraph (V), for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted.

The following are “Access Persons” for purposes of the foregoing Code of Ethics:

 

   

Each Director/Trustee of the Funds

   

Any advisory board member of the Funds

   

Each Officer of the Funds

   

The Portfolio Managers of the Funds

   

All employees of BlackRock, Inc. and its subsidiaries

Other than for purposes of determining whether a person is a beneficial owner of more than ten percent of any class of equity securities registered under Section 12 of the Act, the term beneficial owner shall mean any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the equity securities, subject to the following:

 

1.

The term pecuniary interest in any class of equity securities shall mean the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the subject securities.

 

2.

The term indirect pecuniary interest in any class of equity securities shall include, but not be limited to:

 

  A.

Securities held by members of a person’s immediate family sharing the same household; provided, however, that the presumption of such beneficial ownership may be rebutted; see also Rule 16a-1(a)(4);

 

  B.

A general partner’s proportionate interest in the portfolio securities held by a general or limited partnership. The general partner’s proportionate interest, as evidenced by the partnership agreement in effect at the time of the transaction and the partnership’s most recent financial statements, shall be the greater of:

 

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Code of Ethics for Fund Access Persons

April 1, 2021

 

  1)

The general partner’s share of the partnership’s profits, including profits attributed to any limited partnership interests held by the general partner and any other interests in profits that arise from the purchase and sale of the partnership’s portfolio securities; or

 

  2)

The general partner’s share of the partnership capital account, including the share attributable to any limited partnership interest held by the general partner.

 

  C.

A performance-related fee, other than an asset-based fee, received by any broker, dealer, bank, insurance company, investment company, investment adviser, investment manager, trustee or person or entity performing a similar function; provided, however, that no pecuniary interest shall be present where:

 

  1)

The performance-related fee, regardless of when payable, is calculated based upon net capital gains and/or net capital appreciation generated from the portfolio or from the fiduciary’s overall performance over a period of one year or more; and

 

  2)

Equity securities of the issuer do not account for more than ten percent of the market value of the portfolio. A right to a nonperformance-related fee alone shall not represent a pecuniary interest in the securities;

 

  D.

A person’s right to dividends that are separated or separable from the underlying securities. Otherwise, a right to dividends alone shall not represent a pecuniary interest in the securities;

 

  E.

A person’s interest in securities held by a trust, as specified in Rule 16a-8(b); and

 

  F.

A person’s right to acquire equity securities through the exercise or conversion of any derivative security, whether or not presently exercisable.

 

3.

A shareholder shall not be deemed to have a pecuniary interest in the portfolio securities held by a corporation or similar entity in which the person owns securities if the shareholder is not a controlling shareholder of the entity and does not have or share investment control over the entity’s portfolio.

Code of Ethics for the Funds

This is to certify that I have read and understand the Code of Ethics of the Funds and that I recognize that I am subject to the provisions thereof and will comply with the policy and procedures stated therein.

This is to further certify that I have complied with the requirements of such Code of Ethics and that I have reported all personal securities transactions and accounts required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of such Code of Ethics.

 

Please sign your name here:

Please print your name here:

Please date here:

 

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Code of Ethics for Fund Access Persons

April 1, 2021

 

Please sign two copies of this Certification Form, return one copy to Mr. Charles Park, c/o BlackRock, 40 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022, and retain the other copy, together with a copy of the Code of Ethics, for your records.

 

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Exhibit (s)

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

FORM N-2/A

(Form Type)

BLACKROCK 2037 MUNICIPAL TARGET TERM TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities

 

                         
     Security
Type
 

Security
Class

Title

  Fee
Calculation
or Carry
Forward
Rule
  Amount
Registered
 

Proposed
Maximum
Offering

Price Per
Unit

 

Maximum
Aggregate
Offering

Price

 

Fee

Rate

  Amount of
Registration
Fee
  Carry
Forward
Form
Type
  Carry
Forward
File
Number
  Carry
Forward
Initial
effective
date
  Filing Fee
Previously
Paid In
Connection
with
Unsold
Securities
to be
Carried
Forward
 
Newly Registered Securities
                         

Fees to Be

Paid

  Equity   Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.001 par value   457(o)       $0(1)   $92.70   $0(1)          
                         

Fees

Previously

Paid

  Equity   Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.001 par value   457(o)       $1,000,000   $109.10   $109.10(1)          
 
Carry Forward Securities
                         

Carry

Forward

Securities

                         
                   
    Total Offering Amounts       $1,000,000       $109.10(1)          
                   
    Total Fees Previously Paid           $109.10(1)          
                   
    Total Fee Offsets                    
                   
    Net Fee Due               $0                

 

(1)

The Registrant previously paid $109.10 to register $1,000,000 of common shares of beneficial interest under the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-250205), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 19, 2020. No additional common shares of beneficial interest are being registered pursuant to this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement. The Registrant will register additional common shares of beneficial interest by pre-effective amendment prior to the effective date of the Registrant’s Registration Statement.

Exhibit (t)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

The undersigned, being trustees of BlackRock 2037 Municipal Target Term Trust (the “Trust”), do hereby, appoint John M. Perlowski, Jonathan Diorio, Trent Walker, Janey Ahn and Jay M. Fife, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys and agents, each with full power and authority (acting separately and without the other) to execute in the name and on behalf of the undersigned as such trustee a Registration Statement on Form N-2, including any pre-effective amendments and/or any post-effective amendments thereto and any subsequent Registration Statement of the Trust pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and any other filings in connection therewith, and to file the same under the 1933 Act and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or otherwise, with respect to the registration of the Trust or the registration or offering of the Trust’s common shares of beneficial interest, as applicable; granting to such attorneys and agents and each of them, full power of substitution and revocation in the premises; and ratifying and confirming all that such attorneys and agents, or any of them, may do or cause to be done by virtue of these presents.

This Power of Attorney may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but which taken together shall constitute one instrument.

 

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Power of Attorney as of the 24th day of July, 2022.

 

Signature

  

Title

/s/ Cynthia L. Egan

Cynthia L. Egan

   Trustee

/s/ Frank J. Fabozzi

Frank J. Fabozzi

   Trustee

/s/ Robert W. Fairbairn

Robert W. Fairbairn

   Trustee

/s/ Lorenzo A. Flores

Lorenzo A. Flores

   Trustee

/s/ Stayce D. Harris

Stayce D. Harris

   Trustee

/s/ J. Phillip Holloman

J. Phillip Holloman

   Trustee

/s/ R. Glenn Hubbard

R. Glenn Hubbard

   Trustee

/s/ Catherine A. Lynch

Catherine A. Lynch

   Trustee

/s/ W. Carl Kester

W. Carl Kester

   Trustee

/s/ John M. Perlowski

John M. Perlowski

   Trustee