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| ☐ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| ☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| ☐ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
American Depositary Shares of 20 340 ⁄399 pence each |
IHG IHG |
New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange* |
Ordinary Shares of 20 340 ⁄399 pence each |
183,112,379 |
| Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||
Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
US GAAP ☐ |
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☑ |
Other ☐ |
| Auditor Firm Id: 876 | Auditor Name: PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | Auditor Location: London, United Kingdom | ||
| Auditor Firm Id: 1438 | Auditor Name: Ernst & Young LLP | Auditor Location: London, United Kingdom |
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Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 True for Hospitality Good
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Welcome Our purpose is to provide True Hospitality for Good. It brings our brands to life, shapes our culture and represents a commitment to make a difference to our people, guests and communities, and protect the world around us. With strong stakeholder engagement, together we work towards common goals that help ensure we create shared value for all.
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| Our presence
IHG® Hotels & Resorts is a global hospitality company, with 18 hotel brands, one of the industry’s largest loyalty programmes, over 6,000 open hotels in more than 100 countries, and a further 1,800 hotels in our development pipeline.
Our ambition
To deliver industry-leading growth in our scale, enterprise platform and performance, doing so sustainably for all stakeholders, including our hotel owners, guests and society as a whole.
Our strategy
To use our scale and expertise to create the exceptional guest experiences and owner returns needed to grow our brands in the industry’s most valuable markets and segments. Delivered through a culture that retains and attracts the best people and embraces opportunities to positively impact the world around us.
Our business model
By franchising our brands and managing hotels on behalf of third parties, we can focus on increasing fee revenues and fee margins, with limited capital requirements. We grow our business by ensuring our brands meet consumer demand and generate strong returns for hotel owners.
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What’s inside | |||||
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| 2 | 2022 in review | |||||
| 4 | Chair’s statement | |||||
| 6 | Chief Executive Officer’s review | |||||
| 8 | Industry overview | |||||
| 10 | Our business model | |||||
| 14 | Trends shaping our industry | |||||
| 16 | Our brands | |||||
| 18 | Our strategy | |||||
| 38 | Our stakeholders | |||||
| 40 | Our culture | |||||
| 44 | Our risk management | |||||
| 52 | Viability statement | |||||
| 54 | Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) | |||||
| 62 | Key performance indicators (KPIs) | |||||
| 66 | Chief Financial Officer’s review | |||||
| 67 | Performance | |||||
| 67 | Group | |||||
| 75 | Americas | |||||
| 78 | Europe, Middle East, Asia & Africa (EMEAA) | |||||
| 81 | Greater China | |||||
| 84 | Central | |||||
| 85 | Key performance measures and non-GAAP measures | |||||
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| 90 | Chair’s overview | |||||
| 92 | Our Board of Directors | |||||
| 96 | Our Executive Committee | |||||
| 98 | Governance structure | |||||
| 99 | Board activities | |||||
| 100 | Key matters discussed in 2022 and Section 172 statement | |||||
| 102 | Our shareholders and investors | |||||
| 103 | Director appointments and induction | |||||
| 104 | Board development and effectiveness evaluation | |||||
| 105 | Audit Committee Report | |||||
| 110 | Responsible Business Committee Report | |||||
| 112 | Nomination Committee Report | |||||
| 114 | Directors’ Remuneration Report | |||||
| 137 | Statement of compliance | |||||
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| 140 | Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities | |||||
| 147 | Independent Auditor’s US Report | |||||
| 150 | Group Financial Statements | |||||
| 157 | Accounting policies | |||||
| 169 | Notes to the Group Financial Statements | |||||
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| 226 | Other financial information | |||||
| 235 | Directors’ Report | |||||
| 240 | Group information | |||||
| 252 | Shareholder information | |||||
| 259 | Exhibits | |||||
| 260 | Forward-looking statements | |||||
| 261 | Form 20-F cross-reference guide | |||||
| 264 | Glossary | |||||
| 266 | Useful information | |||||
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The Strategic Report on pages 2 to 88 was approved Nicolette Henfrey Company Secretary | ||||||
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IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 1 | ||||||
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Strategic Report 2022 in review Recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic gathered pace in 2022, with demand returning strongly as restrictions lifted in most markets. Significant investments were made across our enterprise, including in our brands, loyalty offer, digital platforms and sustainability, as we continue to focus on enhancing the guest experience, growing our estate and driving owner returns. Financial performance Global RevPAR Adjusted net system Signings (rooms) size growtha +36.6% 4.3% 80,338 2021: +46.0% 2021: -0.6% 2021: 68,870 Total gross revenue Total revenue Revenue from in IHG’s Systemb reportable segmentsc $25.8bn $3,892m $1,843m 2021: $19.4bn 2021: $2,907m 2021: $1,390m Operating profitd Operating profit from Basic EPS reportable segmentsc $628m $828m 207.2 2021: $494m 2021: $534m 2021: 145.4 Adjusted EPSc Dividend Share buyback completede 282.3 138.4 $500m 2021: 147.0 2021: 85.9 a Net system size growth of 3.6% unadjusted for removals related to ceasing operations in Russia in 2022; 2021 growth shown unadjusted. b Definitions for key performance measures can be found in the Use of key performance measures and non-GAAP measures section, which can be found on pages 85 to 88. c Use of Non-GAAP measures: In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial internally Statements by (IFRS management measures), as additional key measures financial to assess measures performance. (described Non-GAAP as Non-GAAP) measures are presented are either not that defined are used under and IFRS reconciliations or are adjusted to IFRS IFRS figures. figures, Further where explanation they have been in relation adjusted, to these are on measures pages 226 can to be 232. found on pages 85 to 88, d 2022 operating profit shown after $105m System Fund reported loss and $95m net exceptional charges. See page 175 for details. e Completed in January 2023. Regional growth (number of rooms) Americas EMEAA Greater China Openings Openings Openings 20,568 16,211 12,664 2021: 15,739 2021: 10,162 2021: 18,057 Signings Signings Signings 32,464 25,847 22,027 2021: 17,647 2021: 20,376 2021: 30,847 See page 75 See page 78 See page 81 2 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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Strategic Report SHAREHOLDERS AND INVESTORS Our focus on building a stronger business for guests and owners, coupled with increasing demand, led to strong trading and shareholder returns delivered via our cash-generative business model. • Americas RevPAR +3.3% vs 2019; EMEAA -7.5%; Greater China -38.1% • Surpassed 6,000 open hotels; +4.3% adjusted net system size growth (+2.9% excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts) • Signings +17% YOY; conversions increased • Long-term commercial agreement with Iberostar Hotels & Resorts boosting system size growth • Fee margin 56.2%, 6.6%pts ahead of 2021 • Net cash from operating activities of $646m (2021: $636m), adjusted free cash flow of $565m (2021: $571m) • Total dividend of 138.4¢ proposed alongside $500m 2022 share buyback. Share buyback launched for 2023 to return $750m • Deanna Oppenheimer appointed Chair; Michael Glover appointed CFO See information about our shareholders and investors on page 38 and 102 and our KPIs on pages 62 to 65. HOTEL OWNERS Owners choose to work with IHG based on trust in our brands, our ability to drive returns and the strength of our entire enterprise – underpinned by a focus on the cost to build, open and operate our hotels. • Launched Guest How You Guest, our biggest marketing campaign in over a decade, improving brand favourability measures • Enterprise contribution of 77% of total room revenue, boosted by loyalty programme and mobile app enhancements • Enhanced design, procurement and technology solutions developed • Holiday Inn, Crowne Plaza refreshes driving up occupancy, rate and guest satisfaction • Collaboration with governments to support owners and industry demand • Introduced new payment solution in US and Canada to lower costs and improve options • Developed new Digital Concierge to enable greater guest self-service • Launched Demand Sensing Forecast model to help maximise owners’ revenue See information about our hotel owners on pages 20 to 25 and 39, and our net rooms supply, signings, gross revenue and enterprise contribution KPIs on pages 62 and 63. GUESTS OUR We’re focused on driving demand and delivering great guest experiences through modern design, service, our loyalty offer and seamless technology. • Transformed IHG One Rewards loyalty programme to offer members greater benefits, choice and value • Enrolled 12.2 million new members, with increases in loyalty contribution since launch • New mobile app delivering richer customer experience and supporting increased direct bookings, loyalty engagement and incremental spend • Iberostar Beachfront Resorts became IHG’s 18th brand, boosting resort and all-inclusive offer • Enhanced customer booking journey with new brand websites, simplified room rates and stay enhancements • Holiday Inn named Leading Budget Hotel Brand and voco named Leading Premium Hotel Brand at World Travel Awards See information about our guests on pages 22 to 27 and page 38 and our Guest Love KPI on page 64. PEOPLE OUR We champion an engaging, diverse and high-performance culture and focus on providing the tools, technology and working environment we need to succeed as individuals and as a business. • Employee engagement 86% (+1% on 2021). A Kincentric Global Best Employer • New learning and HR platforms launched • Continued progress to increase ethnic minority representation in US and UK corporate leadership roles • Female corporate leadership representation (VP and above) at 34% globally • Grew Employee Resource Groups to help foster diverse and inclusive culture • Launched Room to Grow Week to support corporate career development • 90 graduates of IHG’s development programme designed to boost number of women in senior positions in managed hotels • Fresh workspaces to support hybrid working, including new Global HQ See information about our people on pages 28 to 33 and 39; our employee engagement KPI on page 65. AND OUR SUPPLIERS COMMUNITIES We want to improve millions of lives within our communities over the next decade through supporting disaster relief, tackling food poverty and providing skills training to help drive social and economic change. • Colleagues dedicated more than 57,000 hours to making a positive difference to over 100,000 people • Supported charities providing aid following natural disasters and war in Ukraine • Worked with Tent Partnership for Refugees charity to train and hire refugees in the US • Expanded IHG Skills Academy to give more people free access to skills and training • Partnered with US Historically Black Colleges and Universities to enhance our early careers pipeline • Worked with leading organisations to help prevent human trafficking • Introduced new supplier diversity programme, helping gain exposure to additional diverse business entities See information about our communities and suppliers on pages 33, 34, 38 and 39 and our IHG® Academy KPI on page 65. PLANET We have s et targets to reduce carbon, waste and water usage so we can operate and grow with our owners in ways that minimise our impact on the planet. • A 3.4% absolute reduction in carbon emissions compared with our 2019 baseline level from our franchised, managed, owned and leased hotels • Secured bulk amenity supplier for over 4,000 hotels to reduce plastic usage • Introduced global brand standards to reduce energy and water usage • Refreshed scenario analysis and evaluated data collection processes in line with TCFD guidance • Expanded renewable energy procurement in Europe and Americas • Launched HERO tool training to help hotels cut energy, carbon and water use • Launched global food waste training • Developed a toolkit in EMEAA to help reduce plastic usage in hotels • Helped secure tax credits in the US for hotel energy efficiency measures See pages 35 to 37, 54 to 61, and 237 to 239 for our planet, TCFD and greenhouse gas emissions disclosures and our carbon footprint KPI on page 65. 2022 in review IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 3
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It’s a great privilege to be Chair of IHG, a company with a rich history, a world-class portfolio of trusted brands and a track record of driving attractive returns for both hotel owners and shareholders. Since joining in June, I have spent time gaining a deeper understanding of the business – meeting with colleagues, shareholders, guests and owners – and I have been impressed by the purpose and passion that runs through our hotels and wider organisation, as well as the desire to keep enhancing how we operate and grow. A clear focus on developing a portfolio of distinct brands that deliver great guest experiences and strong owner returns, allied to an asset-light, fee-based, predominantly franchised business model, has proven successful over many years. This strategy enables us to build global scale, attract millions of guests and build long-standing relationships with thousands of owners. It makes the business more resilient during challenging times too, with a regional approach allowing us to adapt quickly by market – something that has been important in recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. Critically, it is a model that is highly cash generative, and IHG has demonstrated an ability to reinvest in key areas of its enterprise, such as its brand portfolio, loyalty and technology to enhance performance, increase competitiveness and drive growth, alongside delivering returns to shareholders. This approach again supported a strong financial performance in 2022, and while group RevPAR and operating profit are still slightly below pre-pandemic levels, they continue on an upward trajectory, with the opening and signing of more outstanding hotels globally underlining demand for our brands and strong growth prospects. Seizing opportunities In recent years, IHG has transformed its business by investing in all aspects of its enterprise, driven by a strategy that reflects what is needed to succeed in today’s world while creating long-term value for stakeholders. Four strategic priorities ensure a focus on growing our brands and meeting expectations around service and design, prioritising what matters most to guests and owners in a competitive marketplace, creating space for innovation as we invest in greater digitalisation, and operating in ways that nurture our people, communities and planet.
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| Hospitality is a unique industry, built upon a foundation of care with people at its heart, and IHG’s purpose of providing True Hospitality for Good ensures that we not only look after those with whom we interact, but also make a positive difference to our communities and the world around us. Embedded within the organisation, our purpose, culture and strategy, is a clear understanding of the environmental, social and governance agenda. Our actions in this regard – captured through our 2030 Journey to Tomorrow responsible business plan – are key to meeting stakeholder expectations and our long-term growth. This commitment to operating inclusively with integrity and transparency is very much aligned to my own values and is something we must ensure runs deep throughout the business.
Through IHG’s Colleague HeartBeat survey and other feedback forums, as well as the work of our designated Voice of the Employee Non-Executive Director, we can see that teams understand the strategic direction of the business and are engaged by the investments being made to build a stronger IHG. Feedback is carefully considered and steps are taken to address areas for improvement.
Clear priorities set for 2022 provided a focal point during a significant year for the business. The launch of IHG® One Rewards transformed loyalty for our guests and owners, powered by our new mobile app; our commercial agreement with Iberostar Hotels & Resorts added an 18th brand to our portfolio; and we made further progress against Journey to Tomorrow, including steps to reduce carbon emissions in our hotels and increasing the diversity of our corporate leadership. We know our owners also rely on IHG to help them run an efficient business, and in light of continued supply chain issues, labour shortages and cost pressures, we further strengthened operational and commercial support. This included close collaboration with the IHG Owners Association, as well as coming together at meetings where we can collectively listen and learn in the spirit of continued success and growth. |
The role of the Board Amid an ever-changing global landscape, strong governance is fundamental to the success of any business, as is the flexibility to adapt thinking and plans while still progressing toward longer-term targets and ambitions. The role of the Board has been to support and constructively challenge the Executive Committee around how we prioritise, manage risk, grow and generate future value.
The effectiveness of this approach could be seen in how we navigated significant challenges in the year. The war in Ukraine saw us cease operations in Russia, consistent with evolving UK, US and EU sanctions regimes. Our approach to cybersecurity risk management also continued to be a principal feature on the Board’s agenda, and significant time was dedicated to assessing the response to the criminal unauthorised access to our technology systems in September. This response has included further review of our security measures.
The Board has continued to evolve, with Patrick Cescau retiring in August, having served as Chair since 2013. We wish him a happy retirement and thank him for his invaluable contribution, and extend the same gratitude to both Jill McDonald and Ian Dyson, who also retired from the Board after nine years. During the year, we welcomed Byron Grote as Non-Executive Director, and following a review of Board Committee responsibilities, Byron takes up the position of Chair of the Audit Committee, with Graham Allan becoming Chair of the Responsible Business Committee and Arthur De Haast joining the Audit Committee.
Furthermore, Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson announced he will be stepping down from the Board and his role as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Group Head of Strategy in March 2023, after 19 years of service. Replacing Paul as CFO and on the Board on 20 March 2023 is Michael Glover, who has demonstrated his breadth of financial knowledge, global expertise and commitment to our purpose and values in his 18 years at IHG. Strong succession planning has been a hallmark of the business for many years and will remain a priority for the Board to ensure we have a breadth of skills, experience and backgrounds to navigate an evolving landscape. |
Shareholder returns Following a strong financial performance this year, I am pleased to announce the Board is recommending a final dividend of 94.5 cents per ordinary share, an increase of 10% on the final dividend for 2021. An interim dividend of 43.9 cents was paid in October 2022, taking the total dividend for the year to 138.4 cents, representing an increase of 61% on 2021 (as no interim dividend was paid in the prior year). An additional $500m was also returned to shareholders through a share buyback programme (completed in January 2023), taking total returns to more than $14bn since 2003. The Board expects IHG’s business model to continue its strong long-term track record of generating substantial capacity to enable our investment plans that drive growth, to fund a sustainably growing ordinary dividend and to return surplus capital to our shareholders, with a new $750m share buyback programme having been announced for 2023.
Looking ahead, we must remain alive to potential macroeconomic challenges, but our industry’s future is a bright one, driven by factors such as a growing global economy, an expanding middle class and increasing demand for branded hotels – all of which will contribute to an expected one in three new jobs over the next decade coming from leisure and tourism. With strong leadership, talented people and a clear strategy, we will continue to focus on leveraging a well-invested and expanding enterprise to drive performance and growth.
It has been a pleasure getting to know so many colleagues and seeing the dedication, talent and commitment of our hotel and corporate teams. I would like to thank everyone for a warm welcome, as well as our hotel owners and investors for their continued confidence in IHG.
Deanna Oppenheimer Non-Executive Chair | ||
| Chair’s statement | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 5 |
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In what was my 30th year at IHG – and my fifth as CEO – I will remember 2022 as one of significant achievements delivered by our extraordinary colleagues around the world. Supported by the strength of our brands and enterprise platform, we saw RevPAR move closer to pre-pandemic levels, passed the milestone of 6,000 open hotels, and continued the transformation of our business to further enhance our offer for guests, owners and colleagues. People continue to prioritise travel, with consumer surveys indicating travel to be among the most resilient of discretionary spending areas, even with inflationary pressure. Leisure has led the way, with business travel and group activity improving steadily. Across our major markets, demand returned quickly with the lifting of Covid-19 restrictions, and we saw strong average daily rate growth as the year progressed. By Q4, RevPAR versus 2019 in the Americas was +9%, EMEAA was +8.8% and, reflecting stringent control measures that impacted people’s ability to travel, Greater China was -42.1%. That said, whenever restrictions have eased in Greater China, demand has returned strongly, and we see positive signs for 2023 as the region reopens. The strength and scale of our brands and wider enterprise platform continues to allow us to capture demand for our hotels and drive revenue, which, coupled with disciplined cost management, supports profit growth. Operating profit of $628m improved from $494m in 2021. Operating profit from reportable segments rose 55% to $828m. Fee margin was also ahead of 2021 and 2019, and we have been able to grow the dividend for shareholders and carry out a $500m share buyback programme. Continued strong owner appetite for our brands saw 269 properties open in 2022, contributing to adjusted net system size growth of 4.3%. This was achieved despite global supply chain and construction pressures, and restrictions constraining development activity in Greater China. The signing of 467 hotels took our global pipeline to 1,859, which is 31% of today’s system size. We can be proud of this performance, which was achieved while responding to the ongoing impact of the pandemic, especially in Greater China, and other challenges. In response to the war in Ukraine, we ceased all operations in Russia, alongside supporting our humanitarian charity partners and hotels in providing shelter to those affected.
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| Furthermore, IHG’s technology systems were subject to unauthorised criminal access in September – a constant threat that we and many companies must remain alive to in today’s world. In response, we activated recovery plans, and our teams and external specialists worked to support owners, hotels and guests.
Strategic progress While our industry must adapt to an evolving macroeconomic environment, its long-term growth fundamentals remain unchanged, including people’s desire to travel, a growing population and rising wealth in emerging markets. Oxford Economics expects global hotel room nights consumed to be back above 2019 levels by 2024 and to grow at a CAGR of +6% from 2022 through to 2032. Our strategy enables us to capitalise on this demand, with this year’s achievements illustrating our ability to strengthen returns and enhance our culture, operations and reputation with key stakeholders.
Our established brands remain a powerful growth engine, illustrated by our Holiday Inn Brand Family generating half of hotel openings in 2022. Cost-effective designs, service or food and beverage concepts were launched for Holiday Inn®, InterContinental® Hotels & Resorts, Hotel Indigo® and EVEN® Hotels, while our ongoing progress following our 2021 quality review will see two-thirds of the Americas Holiday Inn estate and three-quarters of the Crowne Plaza® Hotels & Resorts estate updated by 2025. We also celebrated Kimpton® Hotels & Restaurants’ first opening in Australia, 18 openings for Hotel Indigo, and won World Travel Awards for Holiday Inn, InterContinental and voco™ hotels.
Momentum continued to build behind our newer brands, too, with the six we have added since 2017 (excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts) already contributing more than 10% of our total pipeline. In the Americas, we opened our first Atwell Suites™ properties and our first avid® hotels property in Canada. Our voco brand recently achieved the milestone of 100 opened and signed hotels, and Vignette™ Collection secured its first 17 properties by the end of 2022. Highlights for our luxury brands included the reopening of the flagship Regent® Hotels Hong Kong and eight amazing resorts signed for Six Senses® Hotels Resorts & Spas.
Our strategy in recent years to build on our position in Luxury & Lifestyle has seen IHG transform its offer in a segment with high fee income and excellent growth prospects. Luxury & Lifestyle brands now represent |
13% of our system size and 20% of our total pipeline, which is approaching twice the size it was five years ago.
Further evolving our portfolio, in 2022 we announced a long-term commercial agreement with Iberostar Hotels & Resorts to strengthen our presence in resort and all-inclusive destinations. Adding up to 70 properties to IHG’s system under the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand, the agreement is testament to how the transformation of IHG in recent years has enhanced our reputation as a valued partner. This brand sits in a newly created Exclusive Partners category, where we continue to explore further new opportunities to drive additional system growth.
Transforming loyalty Key to the success of our brands is the investment in the enterprise platform that supports them, with this year’s transformation of our loyalty programme at the forefront of our customer centric approach. Providing industry-leading value, richer benefits and greater choice for members to enhance their stays, our new IHG One Rewards programme added 12.2m loyalty members in 2022, and increased loyalty contribution and guest satisfaction. It also won multiple awards, including Best Hotel Loyalty Enhancement for 2022 from The Points Guy and Best Hotel Rewards Program from Global Traveler. Supporting it in driving demand was our biggest global marketing campaign in more than a decade, Guest How You Guest, which used our refreshed IHG Hotels & Resorts masterbrand to showcase our portfolio across TV, social media, cities and airports, and helped increase awareness and brand favourability measures.
Also powering IHG One Rewards was our new next-generation mobile app, which is at the heart of a transformed booking journey across our digital channels. Revenue driven by our mobile app for the Americas and EMEAA regions is at 30% higher levels than 2019 and mobile devices now account for 58% of all digital bookings. The app illustrates how our digital-first approach is creating richer experiences for guests, while producing cost efficiencies, maximising revenue opportunities, and delivering data and insights for owners. Another example is increased use of artificial intelligence in our reservation and customer care centres, which is helping handle calls more efficiently, improving guest satisfaction and freeing up busy on-property teams.
Whatever we are working on as a business, we are focused on reducing the cost to build, open and operate our hotels, collaborating with our owners and the IHG Owners Association. |
In 2022, this included new or enhanced procurement programmes, streamlined housekeeping models and evolved brand standards to help mitigate inflation. Supporting the industry on a broader scale, important progress was also made alongside governments and trade bodies in addressing labour shortages, rising costs and travel restrictions.
Growing responsibly As we strengthen the business, it’s important we do so responsibly and sustainably for our people, communities and planet. In 2022, we developed innovative ways to reduce waste, plastic, energy and water usage in our hotels, including introducing new brand standards and a bespoke tool to reduce energy and costs. We were also there for our communities, responding to natural disasters and delivering thousands of volunteer acts of service through our Giving for Good month. Bringing our plans to life are our people, and we made progress on our commitment to increase the diversity of our corporate leadership and rolled out a new learning and development platform and training to support people in growing their careers. Maintaining an inclusive, engaging culture is fundamental to our success, so I was proud to see IHG once again recognised as a Kincentric Global Best Employer.
The critical investments we’ve made are holistically driving our growth as a business, not simply our net system size, but everything we need to successfully operate and grow our brands around the world, including how we grow responsibly and retain and attract talent. We are a stronger, more resilient business today than we’ve ever been, and I’m confident our strategy will guide us towards an even brighter future for owners, guests and colleagues.
I would like to thank the Board for its support on multiple fronts, with special recognition of Patrick Cescau for his leadership for the past decade as Chair, and Deanna for a smooth transition into the role. On behalf of the Executive Committee, I would also like to thank our colleagues for showing the world just what True Hospitality for Good means to us all at IHG, as well as our owners for their partnership and commitment to providing wonderful guest experiences as we look to drive success together.
Keith Barr Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Chief Executive Officer’s review | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 7 |
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Strategic Report Industry overview We operate in an industry with high growth potential, underpinned by strong long-term fundamentals. he global hotel industry Tcontinued to demonstrate a high degree of resilience through the macro-economic uncertainties of 2022. As we move into 2023, the capacity for long-term structural growth is clear. The $550 billion hotel industry has compelling structural growth drivers, underpinned by factors including the inherent need and desire to travel for business and leisure purposes, population growth, and an expanding middle class in emerging markets with increasing disposable incomes. Spend on travel continues to be among the most resilient of discretionary areas for consumers, while demand for business travel remains robust, with hotels adapting to support flexible working trends in the post-Covid-19 environment. Though there are uncertainties within the wider economic outlook, a number of tailwinds may also persist through 2023, including the continued progress in returning to pre-Covid-19 levels of demand for group travel, as well as the ongoing reopening and recovery of several major international markets, such as Greater China and Japan. In what is a relatively fragmented sector, with 55% of rooms affiliated with a global or regional chain, competitor pressures in the branded space remain intense as all major players pursue growth strategies through a combination of organic growth, partnering arrangements and acquisitions. Branded hotel penetration has steadily increased as a long-term trend, with this expected to continue to grow as consumers look to trusted brands to meet their evolving expectations, particularly when it comes to state-of-the-art technology and the skills, scale and resources required to provide guests with enjoyable, effective and sustainable stays. While there have been short-term challenges impacting the completion and opening of new-build hotels, driven by supply chain and contractor constraints, financing availability, and lingering Covid-19 restrictions in certain markets, there remains a long-term need for new hotel supply to satisfy the demand drivers listed above. Global hotel room net new supply increased at a CAGR of 2.0% over the 10 years from 2012 to 2022, with forecasts indicating a similar rate into the future. Cost remains a significant barrier to building a scale position in the global hotel industry, whether that’s due to investment to build and maintain the properties, to establish strong loyalty programmes and technology platforms, or to develop and market leading brands. Hotel owners affiliated with a major global brand and enterprise system also tend to generate higher returns. The hotel industry is cyclical: long-term fluctuations in RevPAR tend to reflect the interplay between industry demand, supply and the macroeconomic environment. At a local level, political, economic and other factors such as terrorism, oil market conditions, hurricanes and the ongoing pandemic response can also impact demand and supply. Shorter-term economic challenges may therefore become more of a factor in 2023, and health-related travel restrictions could recur, which would lead to the volatility in demand seen in recent years. However, the attractive industry fundamentals that led to the sector outpacing global economic growth in 18 out of 23 years between 2000 and 2022 are anticipated to be fully restored in the longer term. For example, STR data shows that US industry RevPAR has already returned to 2019 levels during 2022 on a nominal basis, and STR’s forecasts are for both occupancy and real ADR to exceed 2019 levels by 2025. As a global business, with a footprint in over 100 countries, operating in the midst of change and uncertainty is something IHG is very used to and continues to be one of our greatest strengths. Our strategy of developing a strong brand portfolio and an industry-leading loyalty programme, together with our fee-based income streams and prevalent midscale positioning, means we remain resilient through varying economic cycles. The hotel industry has attractive tailwinds… US disposable personal income grew on average by 1.5% per annum between 2000 and 2022 Source: Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) Globally, middle income consumers spent $44tn in 2020, with this expected to increase to $62tn by 2030 Source: The Brookings Institution Global hotel room net new supply grew 2% per annum between 2012 and 2022 Source: STR 8 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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Strategic Report with significant barriers to entry… The top five hotel groupsa have increased their market share Share of top five branded hotel groups as % of global rooms supply 2022 24.4% 2021 24.3% 2020 23.9% 2019 23.9% 2018 23.4% 2017 22.5% a Includes IHG, Marriott International, Inc., Hilton Wyndham Worldwide Hotels & Holdings Resorts Inc. Inc.,, Accor S.A. Source: STR With share expected to further expand Branded share of global industry supply and share of global industry active pipeline 80% 1.5x 55% Branded of global share Branded of global share room supply active pipeline Source: STR Consumers value loyalty membership, which requires a large-scale enterprise to deliver 74% Of consumers are more likely to recommend brands with good loyalty programmes Source: Bond, in partnership with Visa 78% Of loyalty members have a redemption goal for the programme Source: Bond, in partnership with Visa and a track record of growth Industry RevPAR has shown resilience and recovery post-Covid-19 US Industry RevPAR growth, indexed to 2019 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% -80% -100% Jan 2020 Feb 2020 Mar 2020 Apr 2020 May 2020 Jun 2020 Jul 2020 Aug 2020 Sep 2020 Oct 2020 Nov 2020 Dec 2020 Jan 2021 Feb 2021 Mar 2021 Apr 2021 May 2021 Jun 2021 Jul 2021 Aug 2021 Sep 2021 Oct 2021 Nov 2021 Dec 2021 Jan 2022 Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Source: STR Global industry RevPAR ($) RevPAR movements are illustrative of lodging demand 2022 73.9 2021 50.7 2020 33.7 2019 79.7 2018 79.4 2017 76.8 Source: STR Global rooms supply (m rooms) Supply growth reflects the attractiveness of the hotel industry 2022 20.6 2021 20.1 2020 19.7 2019 19.5 2018 19.0 2017 18.5 Source: STR Branded hotel business models There are two principal business models: • A fee-based, asset-light model: – Franchised: owned and operated by parties distinct from the brand, who pay fees to the hotel company for use of its brand. – Managed: operated by a party distinct from the hotel owner. The owner pays management fees and, if the hotel uses a third-party brand name, fees to that third-party, too. • An owner-operated, asset-heavy model: – Owned: operated and branded by the owner who benefits from all the income. – Leased: similar to owned, except the owner-operator does not have outright ownership of the hotel but leases it from the ultimate owner. Asset-heavy models generate returns on the real estate and centralise control over operations. Asset-light models typically enable faster growth and generate higher returns. This model tends to present lower risk to fluctuations in the economy. Industry overview IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 9
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Strategic Report Our business model We predominantly franchise our brands and manage hotels on behalf of third-party hotel owners. While we will continue to have a weighting towards Essentials, our pipeline shows an increasing proportion of growth in the Premium and Luxury & Lifestyle segments, as well as a more even geographical spread. Total system size Total development pipeline rooms 911,627 rooms 281,468 Composition of rooms Composition of rooms <1% Franchised* 28% Managed 42% Owned, leased and managed lease 58% 72% 18% Americas <1% 34% 36% EMEAA Greater China 25% 57% 30% 1% 2% 9% 13% 11% 20% Luxury & Lifestyle 15% Premium Essentials 18% Suites Exclusive Partners 49% 62% * Includes Iberostar Beachfront Resorts, which joined IHG’s system and pipeline as part of a long-term commercial agreement. 10 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 he growth of our business relies on Ttwo fundamental growth drivers: revenue per available room (RevPAR) and increasing the number of rooms in our system. RevPAR indicates the value guests ascribe to a given hotel, brand or market, and grows when they stay more often or pay higher rates. Room supply reflects how attractive the hotel industry is as an investment from an owner’s perspective. To drive growth, we have a portfolio of 18 brands across more than 100 countries in the Luxury & Lifestyle, Premium, Essentials, Suites and Exclusive Partners categories. Supported by a leading loyalty programme and powerful technology, our brands meet clear guest needs and generate strong returns for our owners, which in turn attracts further hotel investment and grows our system size. IHG is an asset-light business and our focus is on growing fee revenues and fee margins, which we can do with limited capital requirements. This enables us to grow and invest in our business while generating high returns on invested capital and strong cash flow. We generally franchise or manage hotels, with the decision largely driven by market maturity, owner preference and, in certain cases, the particular brand. Hotels in the Essentials category tend to be franchised, while Luxury & Lifestyle hotels are predominantly managed. Our broad geographic spread and weighting towards essential business and domestic leisure travel has driven comparative resilience during times of economic downturn. Though this continues to be a core component of our business, we have made excellent progress in expanding our presence in the Luxury & Lifestyle segment, which generally generates higher fees per room. This category is currently 13% of IHG’s system size, though comprises 20% of the future growth pipeline. Our asset-light business model means we do not employ colleagues in franchise hotels, nor do we control their day-to-day operations, policies or procedures. That being said, IHG and our franchise hotels are committed to delivering a consistent brand experience, conducting business responsibly and sustainably so that we deliver our purpose of providing True Hospitality for Good.
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Strategic Report How we generate revenue Franchised hotels We receive a fixed percentage of rooms revenue when a guest stays at one of our hotels. This is our fee revenue. Managed hotels From our managed hotels, we generate revenue through a fixed percentage of the total hotel revenue and a proportion of hotel profit. Exclusive partners We receive marketing, distribution, technology and other fees for providing access to our enterprise platform. Guests Hotel IHG fee revenue System Fund Hotel owner Franchised RevPAR X Rooms X Royalty rate Managed Fixed % of total hotel revenue as a management fee and typically a share of hotel gross operating profit after deduction of management fees Exclusive partners Fee streams similar to our asset-light model Owned, leased and managed lease hotels For hotels which we own or lease, we record the entire revenue and profit of the hotel in our financial statements. Our owned, leased and managed lease hotels have reduced from over 180 hotels 20 years ago, to 16 hotels at 31 December 2022. System Fund IHG manages a System Fund for the benefit of hotels within the IHG system and their third-party owners, who pay contributions into it. This includes a marketing and reservation assessment and a loyalty assessment. The System Fund also benefits from proceeds from the sale of IHG One Rewards points under third-party co-branding arrangements. Given the significant scale of the System Fund, IHG can make substantial investments in marketing brands, creating a leading loyalty programme and powerful technology, including revenue management systems, thereby strengthening the IHG enterprise. Third-party hotel owners pay: Fees to IHG in relation to the licensing of our brands and, if applicable, hotel management services. Assessments and contributions that are collected by IHG for specific use within the System Fund. IHG revenue from reportable segmentsa 2022: $1,843 million Revenue attributable to IHG comprises: • Fee business revenue from reportable segments: – Franchise fees – Management fees – Commercial agreement fees – Central revenue (principally technology fee income) • All revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels. See page 84 for more information. a Excludes System Fund and hotel cost reimbursements. System Fund revenues 2022: $1,217 million The System Fund is not managed to a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term, but for the benefit of hotels in the IHG syst em, and comprises: • Assessments and contributions paid by hotels • Revenue recognised on consumption of IHG One Rewards loyalty points See page 68 for more information. Our business model IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 11
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Our business model continued
| How we drive operating profit
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| Our asset-light business model requires a limited increase in IHG’s own operating expenditure to support our revenue growth, which delivers operating profit and fee margin growth.
The benefit of operational efficiencies, along with brands and markets becoming more mature, has supported fee margin expansion on average by over 130bps a year between 2009-2019.
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For franchised hotels, the flow through of revenue to operating profit is higher than it is at managed hotels, given our well-invested scale platform where limited resources are required to support the addition of an incremental hotel. This is most evident in our Americas region, where fee margins are the highest, reflecting our scale and over 90% of our hotels operating under our franchised model.
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Across our managed hotels, the flow through of revenue to profit can be lower, given higher operating expenditure on operations teams supporting the hotel network. | ||
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a Fee margin excludes owned, leased and managed lease hotels, significant liquidated damages and the results of the Group’s captive insurance company and is stated at AER.
Our owned, leased and managed lease hotels tend to have significantly lower margins than our fee business. This is because we not only record the entire revenue of the hotel, but also the entire cost base, which includes staff and maintenance of the hotel.
Capital allocation and dividend policy
Consistent uses of cash | ||||
| 12 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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Capital expenditure Spend incurred by IHG can be summarised as follows:
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What is it?
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Recent examples
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| Maintenance capital expenditure and key money | Maintenance capital expenditure is devoted to the maintenance of our systems and corporate offices, along with our owned, leased and managed lease hotels.
Key money is expenditure used to access strategic opportunities, particularly in high-quality and sought-after locations, when returns are financially and/or strategically attractive. |
Examples of maintenance spend include investment in corporate technology and software, as well as office refurbishment and maintenance. Across our owned, leased, and managed lease hotels we invest in refurbishment of public spaces and guestrooms.
Examples of key money include investments to secure representation for our brands in prime locations. |
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Recyclable investments to drive the growth of our brands and our expansion in priority markets |
Recyclable investments are capital used to acquire real estate or investment through joint ventures or equity capital. This expenditure is strategic to help build brand presence.
We would look to divest these investments at an appropriate time and reinvest the proceeds across the business. |
Examples of recyclable investments in prior years include our EVEN® Hotels brand, where we used our capital to develop three hotel properties in the US to showcase the concept. These hotels were subsequently sold and now operate under a franchise agreement. |
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System Fund capital investments for strategic investment to drive growth at hotel level |
The development of tools and systems that hotels use to drive performance. This is charged back to the System Fund over the life of the asset. |
We continue to invest in a range of upgraded technology solutions, including the ongoing development of IHG’s mobile app and IHG One Rewards Loyalty evolution. |
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| Dividend policy and shareholder returns The Board consistently reviews the Group’s approach to capital allocation and seeks to maintain an efficient balance sheet and investment-grade credit rating. IHG has an excellent track record of returning funds to shareholders through ordinary and special dividends, and share buybacks. The ordinary dividend paid to shareholders increased at an 11% CAGR between 2004 and 2019.
Our asset-light business model is highly cash generative through the cycle and enables us to invest in our brands and strengthen our enterprise. When reviewing dividend recommendations, the Board looks to ensure that any recommendation does not harm the sustainable success of the Company and that there are sufficient distributable reserves to pay any recommended dividend. The Board |
assesses the Group’s ability to pay a dividend bearing in mind its responsibilities to its stakeholders and its objective of maintaining an investment-grade credit rating. One of the measures we use to monitor this is net debt:adjusted EBITDA and we aim for a ratio of 2.5-3.0x.
In February 2022, IHG announced that ordinary dividend payments would resume with an 85.9¢ proposed final dividend in respect of 2021. This reflected 2021’s improved trading as the business continued to recover from the pandemic, strong cash flow, and significant reduction in net debt. The proposal was subsequently approved at the AGM and paid to shareholders on 17 May 2022.
In August 2022, IHG announced the resumption of the interim dividend, with a proposed payment of 43.9¢ per share,
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representing growth of 10% on the 39.9¢ interim dividend paid in 2019. This was paid to shareholders on 6 October 2022. In addition to the interim dividend, a $500m share buyback programme was also announced. This commenced on 9 August 2022 and completed on 31 January 2023.
The Board is proposing a final dividend of 94.5¢ in respect of 2022, which is consistent with the 10% growth of the reintroduced interim dividend on the prior interim payment in 2019. The proposed total dividend for the year is therefore 138.4¢. Further, the Board have announced a share buyback programme to return an additional $750m of surplus capital in 2023.
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| Our business model | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 13 |
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Strategic Report our Trends industry shaping There is no question that the pandemic has had an unprecedented impact across travel and tourism, however, the last few years have reminded us of the power and resilience of our industry. In 2022, we saw the resurgence in travel continue – with guests looking to reconnect with their friends, families and colleagues both domestically and internationally. any markets returned to 2019 performance levels in terms of rates and occupancy, Mas strong leisure demand and the ongoing return of business and group travel continued around the world, helped by the easing of travel restrictions through the year. With travel bouncing back, we’ve seen some trends become established, such as a shift to more sustainable operations and the continued integration of digital functionality into all aspects of the guest journey. As hotel brands and owners adapt to these shifts alongside positioning themselves to capture growing guest demand, they must also carefully navigate a global background of economic pressures and higher inflation, and the knock-on impact of the pandemic on critical areas such as labour and supply chains. 1 Travel’s continued recovery 2 Sustainability gaining increasing importance 3 Evolving guest expectations 14 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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See pages 2 to 7, and 39, for more information.
| Guests are increasingly expressing a desire to travel more sustainably. A recent study by the WTTC found that nearly 60% of travellers have chosen sustainable options within the past few years, while other research shows that guests’ buying decisions are shifting as a result: 71% of Americans stated that they would pay more to lower the carbon footprint of their vacation, and 33% would be prepared to pay up to $250 more, according to a survey from The Vacationer. In addition, business customers are increasingly requesting information about sustainable accommodation and meeting options to help make progress against their own targets. A recent Global Business Travel Association survey showed that 88% of the global business travel sector views addressing climate change as the top priority area for action.
As environmental concerns continue to grow, guests are likely to be more selective in choosing companies that prioritise environmentally sustainable practices, a fact outlined in Skift’s 2022 Traveller survey, with 30% of travellers stating that they would go as far as making sustainable decisions at the cost of their own convenience. With stakeholders increasingly expecting businesses to operate and grow responsibly, the onus is on travel companies to respond to shifting stakeholder values and expectations and drive positive change through their products and experiences. This ambition will be challenging to implement given the proliferation of the asset-light model across the industry, and will require branded players to work with hotel owners of assets to drive positive change.
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Our responses include: • A 3.4% absolute reduction in carbon emissions compared with 2019 baseline level from our franchised, managed, owned and leased hotels
• Launching new tools, training and brand standards to support hotels and owners with improving energy efficiency
• Helped secure tax credits in the US for hotel energy efficiency measures
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| Trends shaping our industry | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 15 |
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Strategic Report for A portfolio all occasions of brands Our strategic focus on having a diverse and attractive selection of distinct brands that meet the needs of a range of guests and owners has helped us transform our portfolio and grow our estate, which now stands at more than 6,000 hotels globally. longside enhancing our established brands, we’ve added seven new ones in the past five Ayears to rapidly expand our offer in every segment – further strengthening our industry-leading presence in midscale, growing our Suites collection, enhancing our resort and all-inclusive offer, and building an attractive Luxury & Lifestyle portfolio. The brands we have added since 2017 already represent more than 10% of our pipeline, and our Luxury & Lifestyle portfolio now stands at 13% of our system size and 20% of our pipeline, reflecting our progress in diversifying and increasing our exposure to high fee income segments. To drive growth across our portfolio, we’ve made key investments in our enterprise, including a transformed IHG One Rewards loyalty programme and a powerful IHG Hotels & Resorts masterbrand that together are growing awareness of our brands. To help guests intuitively choose the right one for them, we have Luxury & Lifestyle, Premium, Essentials and Suites collections, and this year added a new Exclusive Partners category, following the addition of the resort and all-inclusive brand Iberostar Beachfront Resorts through a new long-term commercial agreement. 16 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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Strategic Report MASTERBRAND AND LOYALTY LUXURY & LIFESTYLE 19 open 9 open 207 open 3 open 76 open 143 open 38 pipeline 10 pipeline 90 pipeline 7 pipeline 41 pipeline 119 pipeline PREMIUM 45 open 21 open 403 open 22 open 39 pipeline 21 pipeline 111 pipeline 31 pipeline ESSENTIALS 3,091 open 1,198 open 59 open 617 pipeline 229 pipeline 145 pipeline SUITES 2 open 314 open 28 open 368 open 30 pipeline 162 pipeline 1 pipeline 124 pipeline EXCLUSIVE PARTNERS 33 open 15 pipeline IHG system size includes 123 other and unbranded hotels of which eight will be re-branded to voco and two will be re-branded to Vignette Collection. IHG pipeline includes 29 other and unbranded hotels of which six will be branded as voco and five will be branded as Vignette Collection. A portfolio of brands for all occasions IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 17
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Strategic Report Our strategy he strategic investments we Thave made in recent years have been critical in driving business performance, strengthening our enterprise and enhancing the appeal of our brands to owners and guests as we focus on growing in high-value markets and segments. How we measure growth and success has evolved in many ways – not only net rooms growth, which remains vital, but also the growth of our brand portfolio, loyalty programme, guest satisfaction and market share, as well as how we grow responsibly and in ways that develop and attract great talent. Reflecting this, in 2022 we evolved our ambition to be about the growth of our enterprise in its broadest sense, driven by strategic investment in the four priority areas set out in our strategy. Over the long term, with disciplined execution, this approach supports sustained growth in cash flows and profits, which can be reinvested in our business and returned to shareholders. Our strategic priorities and the behaviours that drive them have been designed to put the expanded brand portfolio we have built in recent years at the heart of our business, and our owners and guests at the heart of our thinking. They recognise the crucial role of a sophisticated, well-invested digital approach, and ensure we meet our growing responsibility to care for and invest in our people, and to make a positive difference to our communities and planet. Our plans and their execution reflect all we have learnt in recent years navigating an industry recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic and keeping pace with evolving trends and social and economic factors. They are also inspired and informed by our purpose of providing True Hospitality for Good, which is underpinned by our commitment to a culture of operating and growing in a responsible, ethical and inclusive manner. This sets the tone for how we do business, enabling us to focus on creating value for all stakeholders as we build an even stronger IHG. See how the Board considered strategic and operational matters on page 100 and 101. See pages 40 to 43 for more about Our Culture. OUR PURPOSE PRIORITIES BEHAVIOURS True Hospitality for Good Build loved and Move fast trusted brands OUR AMBITION To deliver industry-leading growth in our scale, enterprise platform and performance, doing so sustainably for all stakeholders including our centric Customer in focused Solutions hotel owners, guests and society as a whole. all we do OUR STRATEGY To use our scale and expertise to create Create digital Think return the exceptional guest experiences and advantage owner returns needed to grow our brands in the industry’s most valuable markets and segments. Delivered through a culture that retains and attracts the best people and Care for Build one team embraces opportunities to positively impact our people, communities the world around us. and planet 18 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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Strategic overview Build loved and trusted brands We have transformed our portfolio of trusted brands in recent years to offer guests more choice and drive greater returns for owners. That work continued apace in 2022, as we added the resort and all-inclusive brand Iberostar Beachfront Resorts to our portfolio, further enhanced our established brands and continued to scale up our newer ones, with our IHG Hotels & Resorts masterbrand sharpening the perception of our brands. See pages 20 to 21. 269 Hotels opened in 2022 Customer centric in all we do Recognising the power of listening closely to our guests and owners, we are focused on providing tailored services and solutions that meet evolving expectations. This year we’ve invested significantly in key elements of the stay experience, transformed our loyalty offer with IHG One Rewards and continued to deliver solutions that drive demand for our owners and more efficient ways of operating their hotels. See pages 22 to 25. 27% Rise in loyalty enrolment year-on-year since launch of IHG One Rewards Create digital advantage Our digital-first approach is helping our customers stay connected and in control, and in 2022 we found more sophisticated, targeted ways to transform the guest experience and ensure our hotels operate ever more efficiently to manage demand and drive performance. Highlights included the launch of our new IHG mobile app and a transformed booking journey across our channels. See pages 26 to 27. 58% Of all digital bookings now driven by mobile Care for our people, communities and planet People Our people are at the heart of our success, bringing our plans to life, creating deeper connections with guests and showing the world what True Hospitality for Good means to us all at IHG. This year, we took further steps to empower them to do their best work by enhancing our diverse and inclusive culture, supporting their wellbeing, creating further opportunities for personal development and investing in our core technology and ways of working. See pages 29 to 33. 1,300 Members of our employee resource groups, which help foster diversity and inclusion Communities We are proud to be at the heart of thousands of communities, and in 2022 we built on what we have been doing in recent years to deliver lasting, positive change by providing support to those who need it most through skills training, being there in times of natural disaster and helping those facing food poverty. See pages 33 to 34. >100,000 People around the globe positively impacted through Giving for Good month Planet Knowing we must take decisive, practical action to reduce our environmental impact for the benefit of our planet and the long-term success of our business, we continued working closely with our hotel owners and specialist partners to find innovative ways to reduce carbon emissions, waste and water usage across our global estate. See pages 35 to 37. 850 Tonnes of plastic expected to be saved in the Americas region annually through our bathroom bulk amenity contracts Strategic Overview IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 19
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Strategic Report Our strategy continued Build PRIORITY: loved and trusted brands 2022 at a glance Surpassed 6,000 1,859 Open hotels globally Pipeline hotels, equivalent to 31% of today’s system size ~ 33% >40% Of openings were conversions Of global pipeline (excluding Iberostar under construction Beachfront Resorts) 13% 17 Of system size made up of Properties secured Luxury & Lifestyle brands, for Vignette Collection along with 20% of pipeline since launch in 2021 IberostarBeachfront Brand refreshes Holiday Inn voted Resorts becomes for Holiday Inn, World’s Leading IHG’s InterContinental, Budget Hotel Brand Hotel Indigo and 18th EVEN Hotels brand We build love and trust for our brands by investing in an attractive portfolio that aims to consistently meet guest expectations for outstanding quality and experiences, and represents a leading choice for owners through a commitment to industry outperformance, effective hotel lifecycle management and strong returns. Central to our growth strategy is developing a well-rounded collection of brands to meet the needs of a range of guests and owners. Adding seven brands in the past five years, we have transformed our portfolio, expanding our midscale offer, strengthening our Luxury & Lifestyle capabilities, providing a greater choice of resort locations and all-inclusive stays, and enhancing our ability to seal conversion deals. Alongside this, we have invested significantly in the quality, design, service and technology of our established brands, allowing us to keep pace with evolving consumer trends, build further trust with guests and increase owner returns. We now have 18 brands grouped into five distinct collections to showcase the breadth of our offer, which leverage the power of our IHG Hotels & Resorts masterbrand and transformed IHG One Rewards loyalty programme to collectively enhance their performance, perception and growth. What we achieved in 2022 We opened 269 hotels during 2022 to surpass 6,000 globally, including our 600th in Greater China, while adding 467 hotels to our global pipeline. Our Essentials brands remain a powerful growth engine, with our Holiday Inn Brand Family generating half of hotel openings globally, illustrating its enduring appeal. Important work this year included investment in our existing estate, with Holiday Inn, InterContinental, Hotel Indigo and EVEN Hotels all undergoing design, service or food and beverage refreshes to appeal to a new generation of guests. In its 70th anniversary year, Holiday Inn demonstrated why it remains so trusted by being voted Leading Budget Hotel Brand at the 2022 World Travel Awards. Ongoing progress following our 2021 quality review will see two-thirds of the Americas Holiday Inn estate and three- quarters of the Crowne Plaza estate updated by 2025. Recently renovated hotels are showing strong performance metrics across occupancy, room rate, revenue market share and guest satisfaction scores, enhancing the reputation, consistency and growth prospects of these two powerful brands. 20 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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| Strong progress has continued with our newer brands, too, with the six we’ve added since 2017 (excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts) already contributing more than 10% of our pipeline. We saw avid hotels reach 59 open properties, including its first in Canada, and opened our first two Atwell Suites hotels, alongside growing its pipeline to 30.
Work continues in accelerating our growth and performance in Luxury & Lifestyle. Underlining our progress, we celebrated more than 110 openings and signings in 2022, including a Six Senses hotel in the Bahamas and a Vignette Collection hotel in Thailand. Several halo hotels showcasing key brand elements were also secured, including the opening of the flagship Regent Hong Kong and the signing of iconic Regent properties in Shanghai and Cannes, and Kimpton’s first resort hotel in Europe. Hotel Indigo achieved 18 openings in the year to reach 143 properties across more than 20 countries, while Kimpton’s global expansion continued, including the brand’s first hotel in Australia and a second in Greater China.
Our Luxury & Lifestyle pipeline now stands at 20% of our total global pipeline, which is approaching twice the size it was five years earlier, and we are investing in the capabilities, people and tailored strategies required to drive performance and growth.
Our strategic focus on accelerating conversion deals around the world has also continued to gain traction. Conversions represented around a quarter of signings and a third of openings in the year (excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts), thanks to a broader suite of brands to choose from than ever before and growing owner demand for access to our revenue-generating systems, marketing and loyalty programme.
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| Our Luxury & Lifestyle conversion brand Vignette Collection has secured 17 properties since launch in 2021, and our upscale conversion brand voco recently achieved the milestone of 100 open and pipeline hotels and is achieving top satisfaction scores versus competing brands. The brand was also voted the World’s Leading Premium Hotel Brand at the 2022 World Travel Awards.
Supporting our growth ambitions, in November 2022, IHG signed a long-term commercial agreement with Iberostar Hotels & Resorts for resort and all-inclusive hotels in the Caribbean, Americas, Southern Europe and North Africa. This agreement adds up to 70 hotels to our estate, with the first 33 properties going live on ihg.com by the end of December 2022, and is expected to boost our global system size by up to 3%. With the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand becoming the 18th in our portfolio, the agreement significantly increases our footprint in resort and all-inclusive hotels – a high-growth market segment where there is clear demand from guests and IHG One Rewards members. It joins IHG’s system under a new Exclusive Partners category in our brand portfolio, where we will explore further new opportunities to drive additional system growth and high-quality fee streams. |
What’s to come
Having strategically rounded out our portfolio to broaden its appeal to guests, alongside continued investment in our established brands, we have built a pipeline of more than 1,800 hotels, representing 31% of today’s system size. This, together with the investments in our entire enterprise, lays the foundations for continued net system size growth in the years ahead.
Supporting this, we will continue to focus on the quality and consistency of our estate. This includes evolving key aspects of the design, service and operations of our Essentials brands to help assert their competitive advantage, including launching a new flagship breakfast for Holiday Inn in the Americas. A brand refresh for Holiday Inn Express® in Greater China will also help support its continued expansion in the region, where the brand has grown from 42 to 278 hotels in the past nine years.
Alongside the scaling up of our home-grown Essentials and Suites brands, including avid hotels and Atwell Suites, we will continue to drive growth in Luxury & Lifestyle, with openings in 2023 including the reopening of Carlton Cannes as a Regent following a two-year redevelopment. This will be a flagship property within a new generation of Regent hotels and resorts that will help drive growth across Europe.
With the new Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand enhancing our all-inclusive capabilities, we will drive our competitive advantage by continuing to embed it in our systems and showcasing the breadth of our portfolio across our channels. | |||
| Our strategy | Build loved and trusted brands | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 21 |
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Strategic Report Our strategy continued Customer PRIORITY: centric in all we do 2022 at a glance Transformed loyalty programme Launched Guest with IHG One Rewards, adding How You Guest, our biggest 12.2mnew marketing members campaign in over a decade Heightened focus on Enhanced food owner cost to build, and beverage open and operate offer for guests our hotels Supported Increased ~ 4,100 owners through guest choice by collaboration with adding Exclusive Hotels now participate in governments and Partner Iberostar Americas F&B purchasing trade bodies Beachfront Resorts programme to reduce costs Our success depends on going the extra mile for our customers – keeping guests and owners at the heart of everything we do to meet evolving expectations and providing the right support at the right time. This mindset helps us to create unrivalled service, greater choice and personalised experiences for our guests, and compelling investment opportunities, fast and effective solutions and stronger returns for our owners. From transforming our loyalty offer to major marketing investments, richer guest experiences, revenue-enhancing solutions and an agile procurement offer, we are focused on delivering the things that matter most to ensure IHG and our brands stand out as a preferred choice in the market. What we achieved in 2022 As our guests embark on a new era of travel, we launched a transformed loyalty offer in 2022 with IHG One Rewards providing more ways to earn and redeem points alongside richer, more tailored experiences. Our loyalty programme is critical to our business and future growth, with members responsible for more than half of all room nights globally and typically spending 20% more in our hotels than non-members. Since launching IHG One Rewards, more than 12 million new members have been welcomed to the programme, with enhanced rewards including free breakfast for Diamond Elite members and the ability for guests to choose the rewards that matter to them most through the introduction of Milestone Rewards. The programme has gained notable industry recognition, including Best Hotel Rewards Program at the Global Traveler 2022 Awards. Helping deepen guest relationships and drive more business to our hotels, we have teamed up with major sporting events and music festivals to enable IHG One Rewards members to redeem points in exchange for unique experiences. We have also further strengthened our partnership with Mr & Mrs Smith by increasing the number of properties available and expanding the benefits to our IHG One Rewards members. We continue to focus on enhancing all critical aspects of the guest experience. Recognising the role food and beverage plays in guest satisfaction, we have delivered new high-quality, cost-effective solutions across many of our brands, and we continue to modernise guestroom and public space designs, such as H5 for Holiday Inn, an efficient new prototype, which has been 22 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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| developed for the same build cost as our previous H4 design. We have also made key digital enhancements to enrich the guest experience, including the launch of our next-generation mobile app, which is playing a central role in a transformed customer booking journey across our channels (see pages 26 and 27 to find out more).
For corporate guests, we are supporting organisations in how they are bringing their teams together to connect in today’s world, incorporating seamless booking, hybrid solutions and customisable perks. In 2022, IHG was recognised at the Stella Awards for the second consecutive year with a gold medal for Best Hotel Chain for providing an exceptional meetings experience.
For our hotel owners, we remain focused on providing the operational and commercial support they need to strengthen performance and capture demand. Our investment in IHG One Rewards is playing an important role, with loyalty contribution increasing following launch and returning to 2019 levels by the end of 2022. Enrolments were up 27% year-on-year and Reward Night bookings were 16% ahead of 2019. Launched in phases to minimise impact on hotel teams, |
with training for thousands of colleagues to bring it to life, the new programme’s many benefits are being delivered by our new mobile app, which is driving loyalty engagement and direct bookings.
Underpinned by our loyalty programme, our IHG Hotels & Resort masterbrand marketing approach is helping to showcase the breadth of our offer to consumers in fresh and engaging ways. Our global Guest How You Guest campaign is our biggest in more than a decade, telling the world how we have a brand for every traveller in every market and using data to target key demographics. In addition, a new Demand Sensing Forecast model launched in 2022 helps our owners and hotel teams maximise revenue opportunities by using data and analytics such as web searches and airline bookings to forecast local transient demand. The model is now available for all hotels globally.
Underpinning all our work with owners is a heightened focus on the cost to build, open and operate our hotels, and we are focused on enhancing every aspect of the hotel lifecycle. This includes more efficient design prototypes for new-builds and renovations, and procurement solutions to speed up new |
Underpinning all our work with owners is a heightened focus on the cost to build, open and operate our hotels.
openings. Recognising that some markets face specific challenges in getting building projects off the ground, we are providing tailored solutions to boost development. In Greater China, we have connected owners to specialist financiers for them to provide a Supply Chain Financing Programme that offers deferred payment plans for hotel building materials. In Japan, Australasia and the Pacific, our first Hotel Procurement Service pilots for construction and refurbishment are helping owners achieve |
| Our strategy | Customer centric in all we do | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 23 |
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| Strategic Report
Our strategy continued
Customer centric in all we do continued |
| savings of 11% to 35% on goods and services during hotel build and opening phases of their projects.
We are also helping control energy costs through negotiating fixed rates, while around 4,100 hotels in the Americas region now participate in our F&B purchasing programme, with nearly 20% growth in the number of hotels joining in the US alone. This programme supports menu optimisation, helping owners mitigate inflationary pressures and achieve absolute savings.
We also continue to take steps to streamline operations while maintaining great guest experiences, including removing or relaxing some brand standards, and introducing a new housekeeping model to free up teams. To ensure we are doing all we can to strengthen owner returns in an environment of high inflation, we also launched a Think Owner Return global e-learning series for corporate colleagues during the year. |
Recruiting and retaining talent to meet rising demand remains a challenge across the industry, so we are taking steps to reduce pressure on busy hotel teams and enhance customer service. We have hired more than 2,700 people in our Reservations and Customer Care (RCC) teams to help handle sales and service interactions, answering them in an average time of 25 seconds. We are also implementing workforce management tools and processes in each of our regions, leveraging technology to help owners optimise staffing levels.
Focused on supporting our owners in as many ways as possible, we continue to collaborate with governments, peers and trade bodies on a range of industry issues, from easing labour shortages to maximising use of available tax incentives. A new development website delivered in the year is also providing prospective owners and investors with everything they need to work together as efficiently as possible from the first conversation on potential projects with IHG.
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What’s to come
To help ensure our IHG One Rewards loyalty programme continues to attract and retain more members through richer experiences and drive more direct bookings and repeat business for owners, we are focused on embedding a culture of loyalty in every hotel through further training and support. In addition, we will continue to optimise benefits and develop further programme enhancements, alongside a broader focus on delivering rich, relevant guest experiences and driving the commercial performance and growth of our brands.
Our focus on reducing the cost to build, open and operate our hotels remains, and we will continue to work closely with owners across all aspects of the hotel lifecycle. This includes delivering new low-cost hotel designs, speeding up renovations across our Americas estate, streamlining brand standards and providing more procurement solutions that allow owners to benefit from our scale. | ||
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Why hotel owners choose to work with IHG
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Hotel owners choose to work with IHG because of the trust they have in our brands and our track record in delivering strong returns. | ||
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Strength of brands A portfolio of brands across industry segments, designed to drive owner returns Strong loyalty programme and enterprise contribution 77% of revenues delivered to hotels by IHG’s enterprise Digital advantage We have invested in our cloud-based IHG ConcertoTM platform, including our Guest Reservation System, to better connect with guests and owners Investment in hotel lifecycle management and operations We have invested in technology, systems and processes to support performance, increase efficiencies and drive returns for our owners Procurement We use our scale to reduce costs for owners, with procurement programmes for hotel goods, services and construction Sustainability tools and expertise We have developed tools, training and programmes to support hotels and provide better data and insights to enable them to reduce their energy, waste and water consumption Global sales organisation We have developed a global sales enterprise to drive higher-quality, lower-cost revenue to our hotels
| Our strategy | Customer centric in all we do | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 25 |
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Strategic Report Our strategy continued Create PRIORITY: digital advantage 2022 at a glance We continue to invest significantly in our technology platforms, identifying and embedding solutions that create more seamless experiences for guests, unlock revenue opportunities for IHG and our owners, and support collaboration and the streamlining of processes within our teams. In enhancing our digital capabilities, we are gaining access to deeper insights and increasing our ability to connect with guests across our platforms to raise awareness of our brands, while simplifying operations and strengthening performance for owners. From forecasting demand to creating more personalised stays, our use of data and analytics is providing key insights for our teams across the business, enabling them to seize opportunities to enhance the guest and owner experience. With many of our apps and platforms now cloud-based, the infrastructure is already in place to test, pilot and launch new hotel products and services at pace and scale, saving time and money. What we achieved in 2022 This year we made important progress on multiple fronts, working closely with owners as demand increased in many markets. Launched in 2022, our next-generation mobile app is providing a richer customer experience, with streamlined booking that allows guests to check-in faster and powering IHG One Rewards to give members seamless access to their loyalty benefits, including the ability to choose and redeem Milestone Rewards. Other new features include filtering by room attributes and enriched maps functionality, while in the fourth quarter alone a further 60-plus enhancements were made to the booking process, supporting further increases in direct booking, loyalty engagement and incremental spend during stays. With mobile our fastest-growing revenue channel, the app has driven revenue at 30% higher levels than 2019 in the Americas and EMEAA, and in recent months the further shift towards using mobile devices has seen it now account for 58% of all digital bookings.
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Our new mobile app is part of a wider transformation of the booking experience, which includes simpler-to-navigate brand websites featuring new photo galleries, improved technology to boost traffic and easier-to-manage content platforms.
We have simplified room rates, focusing on consistency across channels to encourage direct bookings that drive lower-cost revenue to our owners, while redesigned web pages that combine rooms and rates choices have contributed to increases in booking conversion of up to one percentage point and revenue uplift of up to 3%. This new web experience has also driven around a 30% increase in web enrolments to our IHG One Rewards programme.
Linked to this work is the piloting of attribute pricing, where guests can seamlessly select add-ons and tailor their stays while, in parallel, owners generate maximum value from their hotel’s unique attributes. Having already completed the detailed room inventory assessments, these pilots will be scaling across more of the estate in 2023.
Further supporting owners in the merchandising of extras, we launched the IHG Mobile Mall platform in Greater China, which provides guests easy access to package deals in full-service hotels. |
Our technology continues to elevate customer service, with further progress being made through artificial intelligence (AI). This enabled our Reservations and Customer Care (RCC) teams to shift 20% of our customer contacts through digital channels by the end of 2022, compared with just 4% at the start of the year.
This is part of an approach to use a blend of agents and AI to quickly meet our guests’ needs and engage with them on their preferred channels. During the year, we launched asynchronous messaging as a 24/7 service, where customers can elect to contact us through SMS and popular messaging applications and respond in their own time. We handled more than 250,000 interactions in 2022, with the service receiving the highest satisfaction scores of all our channels.
We have also developed a new Digital Concierge for web and mobile, which enables greater guest self-service and reduces the burden on hotels by diverting call traffic. This handled millions of conversations during the year, further assisting customers across our platforms. |
Our powerful new mobile app is part of a wider transformation of the booking experience.
Our digital capabilities are enabling us to meet guest and owner expectations at a faster pace than ever before. To speed up hotel check-in and reduce fees for owners, we have launched our next-generation payments system in the US and Canada, which includes a broader range of secure payment options, including tap to pay.
What’s to come
We will continue our progress in creating a more frictionless customer journey with further enhancements. This includes new mobile app features, easier digital enrolment in IHG One Rewards, an expanded Digital Concierge service, a more seamless connection to hotel wifi, and scaling up pilots to leverage our Guest Reservation System capability with selectable room attributes and stay enhancements. With the addition of Iberostar Beachfront Resorts, we will also be creating brand-new all-inclusive digital capabilities, and we expect to roll out our next-generation payments solution to the majority of our US and Canada hotels.
To further strengthen operations, we will expand our cloud-based technology to unlock new capabilities to enhance our operational systems, streamline access to applications and support us in utilising data throughout the customer journey. Work will also begin on a more flexible, user-friendly revenue management platform that will provide owners with clear insights on how best to optimise revenue to their properties.
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| Our strategy | Create digital advantage |
IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 27 |
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Strategic Report Our strategy continued Care PRIORITY: for our and people, planet communities 2022 at a glance 86% Overall employee engagement increased to 86% (+1% on 2021), placing IHG as a Global Best Employer by Kincentric 3.4% Reduction in our carbon emissions in 2022, compared with our 2019 baseline level >57,000 Hours were collectively dedicated by colleagues in 2022 during IHG’s Giving for Good month 10 The number of relief efforts we responded to around the globe alongside our charity partners aring for our people, communities C and planet has always been at the heart of how we work, but the nature of an ever-evolving social and environmental landscape means we continually explore how we can make a positive difference as we operate and grow. The Board’s Responsible Business Committee reviews IHG’s responsible business objectives and strategy and advises the Board on our approach to diversity, equity & inclusion (DE&I), our impact on local communities, responsible procurement in our supply chain, programmes on human rights and modern slavery, our environmental impact, and our engagement with employees. To guide our actions and drive progress, in 2021 we launched our 2030 Journey to Tomorrow plan, a series of ambitious commitments to create positive change for our people, communities and planet, aligned to our purpose of True Hospitality for Good and to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We know the actions we take around the environment, our people and society are closely followed by our investors and other stakeholders and are therefore critical to our reputation and growth, and we have focused our efforts on the areas where we feel we can make the greatest impact. Reflecting the changing world around us, each commitment is designed to ensure IHG grows responsibly and in ways that ensure travel has a beautiful future for everyone. See key matters discussed by the Board on page 100-101 and the Responsible Business Committee Report on pages 110 and 111. See our Responsible Business Report at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business/ reporting
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Our people are fundamental to IHG achieving its purpose and strategic goals. IHG’s business model means that we do not employ all colleagues. We directly employ individuals in our corporate offices, reservation centres, and managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels. However, not all individuals in managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels are directly employed, and we do not employ any individuals in franchised hotels (nor do we control their day-to-day operations, policies or procedures). |
What we achieved in 2022
People engagement We have several forums available for employees to share their thoughts, including employee resource groups (ERGs), a designated Non-Executive Director for workforce engagement and our employee engagement survey, known as Colleague HeartBeat, which allows people to express their views on key aspects of working at IHG.
In our 2022 survey, our overall employee engagement stood at 86%, a 1% improvement on last year, which once again saw IHG accredited as a Kincentric Global Best Employer. The survey highlighted areas that we can strengthen further, including enabling infrastructure and technology, a continued focus on rapid and high-quality decision making, plus ensuring that inclusion remains a key focus for the business. Actions taken during 2022 on talent and staffing saw a significant improvement in scores in these particular areas. These areas will remain a priority for 2023. |
Developing and retaining talent To achieve our ambitions, we know we need to develop and retain a diverse and talented workforce, which involves creating an open and inclusive culture that promotes career development and equal opportunity, and this year we developed more tools and resources we need as individuals and as a business to be successful. Our growth as individuals and as a company is encapsulated in our employee brand. Celebrating the inclusive culture we create at IHG, it incorporates our promise to support employees on every step of their career journey by giving them Room to Belong, Room to Grow and Room to Make a Difference. To support this, in 2022 we launched Room to Grow Week, a series of events and resources to champion personal and professional development.
We also ensure our people managers are well-equipped to support our performance and development processes through offering simplified resources and delivering masterclasses to bring our processes and practices to life. As part of our continued focus on developing talent, managers have continued to hold quarterly check-ins with employees to support them in achieving their professional goals, helping them connect their own role and purpose with the overall vision for IHG. |
| Our strategy | Care for our people, communities and planet |
IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 29 |
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Our strategy continued
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| IHG’s reward strategy aims to attract, retain, motivate and engage top talent. It is supported by a robust governance approach that ensures our reward and recognition practices are fair and consistent across our employee and colleague population, regardless of gender and other aspects of diversity, and there is alignment between the wider direct workforce and executive remuneration.
For our hotels, Journey to GM (our new General Manager talent acceleration programme) aims to provide a pipeline of talent that both matches our growth ambitions and fulfils the aspirations of our employees wishing to build long and successful careers at IHG. In its first year, we saw 10 Journey to GM participants move into their first General Manager role across our EMEAA and Americas regions. We also continued to develop our hotel talent management system to provide us with greater insights into the talent we have and the critical gaps we need to fill.
Investing in our HR technology and learning and development In 2022, we invested in our core HR and learning technology platforms and our learning offer. These areas are critical to creating the engaging, high-performance culture we champion at IHG, each providing the tools and resources we need to be successful. Delivering a more streamlined, intuitive user experience for employees and colleagues, our HR system features self-service capabilities to enable line managers to initiate a range of core HR transactions themselves. The new platform also provides an end-to-end onboarding experience and consolidates HR support into one easy-to-navigate portal.
Our new learning platform will provide our corporate offices, company-managed and franchise hotels with access to flexible training in a way that enables people to address specific needs and personalise their learning experience to strengthen opportunities for career development and growth. | ||
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See more about our workplace environment on page 41 and wider workforce considerations on pages 114, 117, 123 and 124.
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| Attracting talent To address the challenges the industry is facing in attracting talent, we have invested in our careers website, refreshed our employer brand and marketing materials, and increased social and paid media activity to improve visibility of vacancies. This has resulted in more than 80,000 visits per month to the careers website, and a significant rise in applications across job platforms. We have continued to embed inclusive hiring practices throughout the recruitment process to attract people from a wide range of backgrounds. We have strengthened our recruitment materials, such as translating our interview guides into more languages, and integrated our franchise job portal into WeChat in Greater China to reach new talent.
To support the growth of Luxury & Lifestyle brands, we have set up a team dedicated to attracting and developing GMs within the segment and launched a recruitment campaign showcasing the great career opportunities on offer across our brands.
Recognising the importance of attracting and developing talent whatever their backgrounds, circumstances or abilities, we are working with organisations across our regions to diversify our early careers pipeline, from Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the US and the Leonard Cheshire Disability charity in the UK to special education schools in Asia. To find out more, see our Communities section on pages 33 and 34. |
Wellbeing In March 2022, we launched myWellbeing – a framework to support employees across a range of important areas, including their health, lifestyle and workplace. The myWellbeing suite of resources, which includes an employee wellbeing handbook, wellbeing guidelines for people managers and financial education materials, has been designed to provide a holistic wellbeing offering, which employees can access quickly and easily.
During the year, we established regular touchpoints to encourage employees to take care of their mental health. We marked World Mental Health Day with global webinars and a video series, while Focus Fridays encourage employees to avoid scheduling standing meetings to allow undisturbed time to focus on the week ahead.
With the world shifting to hybrid working, we took further steps to create more flexible workspaces that support employees in adopting a balance of remote and office working and the delivery of IHG’s priorities.
In December 2022, we moved into our new Global Headquarters in Windsor in the UK – a modern, creative and sociable working environment equipped with the latest technology to bring employees together at the right time and help them get the most out of their days in the office. We also refurbished our Americas headquarters in Atlanta in the US to create a more inviting environment for employees to connect and collaborate. |
IHG celebrated LGBTQ+ Pride Month in Atlanta, US.
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| Diversity, equity & inclusion (DE&I) A cornerstone of our culture is our passion and commitment to DE&I. It’s not just crucial to who we are, but also to how we work together and grow our business, and to the sense of belonging colleagues feel at IHG and the freedom to be themselves.
Our commitment starts at the top, but we know we can’t have a one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to DE&I as the focus of each of our markets is unique. Our six regional DE&I councils – connected to our Global DE&I Board – are chaired by an increasingly diverse leadership to prioritise local agendas and focus on what makes the biggest difference to the people around them.
Every member of IHG’s Executive Committee (EC) has a DE&I-focused goal. Together with their leadership teams, they review talent with a specific focus on diversity. For instance, in the UK, we have formed a steering group comprising EC, Human Resources (HR) and Employee Resource Group (ERG) representatives to educate leaders on ethnic diversity and creating a more inclusive workplace, alongside action plans to drive change.
Our commitment is emphasised throughout our global hiring guidelines and initiatives and is backed up by our Global Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Equal Opportunities Policy, with our work in this area revolving |
around a DE&I framework spanning three core areas: creating an inclusive and inspiring culture for all our people, driving gender balance globally and addressing under-representation in our leadership.
Creating an inclusive and inspiring culture for all our people At IHG, inclusion means creating a culture that truly values having colleagues from a wide variety of backgrounds and provides them with a positive and welcoming environment in which they can thrive.
Having already rolled out conscious inclusion training for GMs and corporate colleagues in key markets in 2021, this year we built on this foundation by extending the programme to frontline hotel colleagues.
Our ERGs are central to the conversations we have around DE&I within the business and are continuing to grow, supporting diverse employees and their allies and driving change. We now have 1,300 members and allies in 24 chapters worldwide, which represent a broad demographic of employees including race and ethnicity (Somos US, Path US, BERG US, EMbrace Europe, IMEA), gender (Lean In – global), LGBTQ+ (Out and Open, US and UK), disabilities (DAWN US and UK), generational diversity (BBX US, HYPE Greater China, US, SEAK and UK), Veterans (Serve US) and virtual workers (Fave US). |
Our ERGs also play a leading role in bringing leaders and employees together to deepen their understanding of the value of inclusion at regular touchpoints throughout the year by organising activities around globally recognised DE&I celebrations, including International Women’s Day, International Day of Persons with Disabilities and Pride Month.
Employee listening sessions and insights from our inclusion index are also among the ways we are keeping track of our progress and identifying areas where we need to keep improving. The index showed that nine out of 10 employees feel IHG has an inclusive culture.
We were proud to be recognised as a Best Place to Work for LGBTQ+ and Equality in the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index in the US for the eighth year in a row, as well as in Mexico for the first time. Reflecting the inclusive culture we work hard to create within the business, we saw our internal efforts in the LGBTQ+ space extend into the communities in which we operate when we sponsored Pride in London’s 50th anniversary, became members of Pride Connection in Mexico and Latin America, and continued to be a valued sponsor of Atlanta Pride in the US. |
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Our DE&I Policy IHG is committed to promoting a culture of inclusion where everyone feels safe, respected and valued. Our policy applies to anyone who is directly employed by IHG and colleagues who work in managed hotels. Below is a summary of our commitments:
• Actively support diversity and inclusion to ensure that all our employees are valued and treated with dignity and respect.
• Strive continually to provide people with a working environment that is free from racism, harassment and discrimination.
• Foster an environment where our employees can work together to maintain an inclusive working approach where everyone’s unique contribution is valued.
• Ensure that all decisions affecting an employee’s employment are made fairly and are based on an individual’s ability and performance.
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• Provide all employees with the opportunity to join our Employee Resource Groups.
• Provide employees with disabilities the appropriate support where reasonable and practicable to do so and in accordance with local requirements.
• Ensure our recruitment, development and reward practices, and our approach to working arrangements, are designed to attract, develop and retain diverse talent.
• Work to educate our employees about the benefits that diversity and inclusion brings to our business and support interventions that improve diversity and inclusion in our places of work.
• Ensure all employees are aware of this policy and complete any relevant training in relation to diversity and inclusion.
• Ensure our customers experience an inclusive welcome and stay provided by our employees. |
IHG’s Global DE&I Board, chaired by our CEO, and regional DE&I councils feature representatives from across our Company who offer a breadth of experience from different cultures, industries and organisations. They work with stakeholders to ensure we continue to honour our DE&I commitments and strive for best practice.
It is our policy to comply with international, national and local regulatory requirements and, where required, any affirmative action as stipulated by local laws. We set measurable objectives for achieving diversity and inclusion for IHG, and we review our progress against them each year. | ||||
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See our DE&I Policy at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business
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| Our strategy | Care for our people, communities and planet | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 31 |
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| Driving gender balance globally We have made significant progress towards achieving gender balance at IHG over the past decade and regularly feature in the Top 20 of the FTSE female leaders list. Globally, 34% of our leaders working at Vice President level and above are female, and we are one of the few large global businesses to have a gender-balanced all-employee population, of which 58% is female.
As part of our commitment to achieving gender balance in our corporate and hotel leadership teams by 2030, we are focusing on how we attract more women into functions that have been historically less gender balanced, such as Commercial & Technology, Operations and Development. We are also identifying and removing potential barriers to increase the number of female GMs across our estate, including through our global network of Lean In circles, which empower our female colleagues to realise their ambitions by supporting one another through small peer groups that meet regularly.
We want all women at IHG to be able to consider opportunities that encourage career growth, and which help them fulfil their potential. To that end our Flexible Working Policy encourages corporate employees to organise their time in the best way for them and IHG. We are proudly sharing the success stories of those it is helping to prosper at work, while hotel colleagues are also benefiting through initiatives like myFlex in Australia, where they can work across any hotels in the country’s managed estate. Underlining our |
commitment to help all parents and carers in our teams find the right work/life balance, we have market-specific family policies and continue to evaluate them to ensure they support our people to be at their best.
Addressing under-representation in our leadership We are committed to having leaders who represent the truly diverse global nature of our business and drive our commitment to DE&I in all our markets.
Today, 21% of our global leaders are ethnically diverse, representing 20 nationalities. We want to increase the ethnic diversity of leaders across our markets and have set clear targets in the US and UK – where we have our largest populations of corporate colleagues. Our aim is to increase ethnic minority leadership representation in the US where we are at 20% in 2022 to 26% by 2025, and in the UK where we are at 6% with the aim of getting to 20% by 2027.
To help us achieve this, we are developing action plans and initiatives supported by a range of stakeholders, including our Americas and Europe regional DE&I councils, and several ERGs.
In the Americas, we evolved our Ascend programme to nurture not only Black leadership talent but also multiracial leaders, so a wider pool of talent can acquire the skills they need to take on more senior positions. Our successful Rise programme, which is focused on increasing the number of women in GM and other senior positions in our managed hotels, saw another 90 employees graduate. |
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| Human rights and modern slavery An integral part of our global commitment to responsible business is respecting human rights in accordance with internationally recognised standards. We understand the importance of human rights in relation to our colleagues, guests and communities and we encourage those with whom we do business – including our suppliers, owners and franchisees – to prevent, mitigate and address adverse impacts on human rights, including modern slavery.
We seek to advance human rights through our business activities and by working together with others to identify challenges and effective solutions.
Key focus areas in 2022 included: the launch of minimum core requirements related to responsible labour practices for IHG-owned, leased and managed hotels, focusing on responsible recruitment and onboarding, staff accommodation, worker voice, and the use of recruitment agencies and third-party labour suppliers, with the aim to support the implementation of IHG’s Human Rights Policy at hotel level. Furthermore, we conducted a labour market assessment in the UK, continued to address findings of our previous risk assessment work, progressed our supply chain risk assessment work and our approach to human rights supplier due diligence.
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| IHG is a member of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and is committed to alignment of IHG’s operations, culture, and strategies with the UNGC’s 10 universally accepted principles in relation to human rights, environment and anti-corruption.
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See our Modern Slavery Statement at www.ihgplc.com/modernslavery |
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Sustainability classes at local schools, Six Senses Ninh Van Bay, Vietnam
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| We’re also supporting social and economic change through partnerships with charities and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), such as US non-profit Jobs for America’s Graduates (JAG), which helps students historically impacted by discrimination, poverty and other barriers to graduate and secure work.
Extending our support to thousands of people being displaced in countries such as Afghanistan and Ukraine, we’ve also teamed up with the Tent Partnership for Refugees to train and hire refugees in the US over the next three years, which includes providing access to our IHG Skills Academy.
Giving for Good month As some markets remained restricted by the pandemic during 2022, we didn’t reintroduce hotel targets around Giving for Good activities this year. However, through corporate colleagues and those hotels able to participate, we still managed to collectively dedicate more than 57,000 hours to making a positive difference to the lives of over 100,000 people globally.
We’re proud to be at the heart of thousands of communities, and since 2018, corporate employees and hotel colleagues around the world have provided more than 380,000 acts of volunteer service. |
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Supporting our communities when disasters strike We have a proud record of being there for our communities in times of need, and with our support needed more than ever before, we work closely with a range of humanitarian aid partners around the world to assist in their critical relief and recovery efforts.
In 2022, we supported 10 relief efforts, working with our long-term partners such the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Alongside our annual donations to support its work on multiple fronts, we assisted the American Red Cross in its recovery efforts following the destruction caused in the US and eastern Canada by Hurricane Fiona and Hurricane Ian.
We also proudly celebrated 10 years of working with CARE International, during which time we have provided support across all our key focus areas – responding to disasters, supplying aid to those facing food poverty and providing educational support. Our grants support the NGO to work with local organisations across more than 100 countries to provide a lifeline to vulnerable people in times of need. | ||
We also activated the IHG Colleague Disaster Relief Assistance Fund to help colleagues impacted by natural disasters across the globe, including those affected by severe tropical storm Paeng in the Philippines.
Collaborating to aid those facing food poverty
Our support of the Global FoodBanking Network contributes to its food bank and food provision charities in 47 countries. In addition to the support we give through our direct food bank partnerships, we are helping to support society’s most vulnerable in the fight to achieve global food security. This includes working closely with key organisations, such as No Kid Hungry in the US and OzHarvest in Australia – a food rescue NGO that diverts leftover food from our hotels to those in need within our local communities. This year we extended our partnership to support the newly launched VietHarvest in Vietnam and JapanHarvest in Japan.
We also expanded the number of hotels using the food recovery app Goodr, which uses technology to make it quick and simple to pick up excess and expiring food from hotels and restaurants and donate it to local non-profit organisations.
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Planet With hotels in more than 100 countries and ambitious growth plans for our brands, it is important to us that we operate sustainably and help preserve our planet for all generations to travel and explore. So that we continue to create more sustainable guest stays and support our hotels in reducing carbon emissions, manage waste, and conserve and preserve natural resources, we are working with our hotel owners, suppliers, industry peers and governments. See our TCFD, Responsible Business Committee Report and GHG emissions disclosures on pages 54 to 61, 110 and 111 and 237 to 239. See our Responsible Business Report at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business/ reporting Energy and carbon Reduce our energy use and carbon emissions in line with climate science Our 2030 commitments • Implement a 2030 science-based target that delivers 46% absolute reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from our franchised, managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels • Target 100% new-build hotels to operate at very low/zero carbon emissions by 2030 • Maximise/optimise the role of renewable energy We recognise the importance of partnering with hotel owners and supporting them to not only generate profits but also decarbonise and futureproof their assets to protect the long-term value of their business. Working with our colleagues, owners and partners, we have a clear strategy for how we will deliver on our carbon reduction commitments while continuing to grow our estate, which covers three main areas: decarbonising our existing hotels; sourcing renewable energy; and developing new-build hotels that operate at very low or zero carbon. We have set specific, measurable goals that drive sustainable operations, minimise carbon emissions and create business efficiencies. Our target has been validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) as being consistent with climate science and the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The challenges faced by our hotels in recovering from the pandemic and restoring growth have required careful navigation that recognises the pressures on our owners and teams. Despite this, we achieved a 3.4% reduction in our GHG emissions, compared with our 2019 baseline level. What we achieved in 2022 To support our Journey to Tomorrow commitments, we undertook a review of our brand standards and have begun to incorporate a range of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs). Existing hotels are now mandated to implement LED lighting and high-efficiency, low-flow aerated shower heads by the end of 2025. We have initially focused on ECMs that provide the most impact for the lowest cost, with paybacks of less than five years for owners. Being part of IHG means hotel owners receive a range of support to empower them with the knowledge and resources they need to meet their energy reduction targets and go further where they can. We are taking steps to help ensure the availability of incentives for sustainability measures that require greater investment with longer pay-back periods. This year, this included engaging directly with government officials in the US to help secure tax credits for commercial buildings that make their properties more energy efficient as part of the Inflation Reduction Act. Every IHG hotel is given access to our IHG Green Engage™ system, our online environmental management platform, which helps hotel teams make greener choices, charts their progress, and measures, reports and manages their energy, water and waste. Another part of this strategy is to provide hotels with an automated data collection service which, at no additional cost to hotels, collects data from utility companies or hotels directly, which it then feeds directly into Green Engage. In 2022, we rolled out the Hotel Energy Reduction Opportunities (HERO) toolkit to guide hotels on the most effective energy conservation measures for their specific building. The tool provides indicative capital costs, energy reductions and payback periods for each measure based on the hotel’s facilities, climate and energy use. We now supply all of our UK offices and managed hotel estate with a renewable electricity tariff, as well as our managed hotels in Germany and our Atlanta office and Design Centre in the US. We also continue to explore the delivery of a broader renewable energy programme that can be accessed by a wider range of our hotels. Our focus has initially been in the US, and this year we worked with a US community solar organisation to deliver our first Community Solar initiative in Maryland, which gives hotels access to renewable energy while delivering a fixed discount on electricity charges and Renewable Energy Credits so they can reduce the reported GHG emissions from their operations. Holiday Inn & Suites Atlanta Perimeter – Dunwoody opened in 2021, complete with on-site photovoltaic solar panels to generate electricity and solar thermal panels for hot water, producing 15% of the hotel’s energy use. Our strategy | Care for our people, communities and planet IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 35
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Strategic Report Our strategy continued Care for our people, communities and planet continued Requiring no capital expenditure, Community Solar also enables hoteliers to make clean energy claims on requests for proposals to bid for corporate bookings and we’re now looking to extend the initiative to other US states, subject to demand and availability. We are also focused on how IHG hotels of the future will support our carbon goals and accelerate the decarbonisation of our industry. In 2022, we worked with technical specialists to develop a future-proof definition of what a ‘zero carbon building’ will look like in the years to come. We have begun to integrate the conclusions of our analysis into our design, development and construction processes and standards to help owners future-proof their assets. We are also analysing the operational carbon measures and cost impact requirements for our Holiday Inn Express brand in the US to meet our zero-carbon definition. Waste Pioneer the transformation to a minimal waste hospitality industry Our 2030 commitments • Eliminate single-use items, or move to reusable or recyclable alternatives across the guest stay • Minimise food going to waste through a ‘prevent, donate, divert’ plan • Collaborate to achieve circular solutions for major hotel commodity items The world produces over 2 billion tonnes of waste annually – a figure expected to increase to 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050. Less than 20% of waste is recycled each year, with enormous quantities sent to landfill. Our long-term aim is to achieve circularity, where resources can be recycled or reused on a large scale. This might include the incorporation of recycled content in the manufacturing of new products, or making sure items are put to good use elsewhere once they leave our hotels. We already have a system for evaluating the environmental credentials of our suppliers and make recommendations to our hotels where we can (see page 43 for the progress we’re making on responsible procurement). What we achieved in 2022 In 2019, IHG became the first hotel company to commit to replacing bathroom miniatures with full-size amenities across all brands – and we took this further in 2021 with a commitment to eliminate single-use items or move to reusable or recyclable alternatives across the guest stay by 2030. Our progress continued in 2022 through the signing of a deal to secure bathroom bulk amenities contracts across more than 4,000 hotels. This is expected to reduce our annual plastic usage by an estimated 850 tonnes in the Americas region alone, while providing our hotels with cost savings. To support hotels further, we’ve commissioned experts from Travel Without Plastic to develop a bespoke Single Use Items Toolkit in EMEAA that will provide our hotels with a best-practice approach to reducing, reusing, replacing and recycling common products. Building on this momentum, we reviewed and updated the sustainability credentials of our guest supplies, including items such as toothbrushes and razors. When it comes to food waste, we are minimising the amount we send to landfill through a ‘prevent, divert, donate’ plan. To enable our brands and hotels to set goals, avoid waste and track their progress, we are collaborating with WWF, Greenview and our industry peers on the Hotel Waste Measurement Methodology to provide a common industry approach to collecting data and measuring and reporting waste. To support hotels across our estate in adopting best practice for reducing food waste across their teams, we launched our global food waste training e-learning module in 13 languages for colleagues and made it part of the General Manager training programme. Water Conserve water and help secure water access in those areas at greatest risk Our 2030 commitments • Implement tools to reduce the water footprint of our hotels • Mitigate water risk through stakeholder collaboration to deliver water stewardship at basin level • Collaborate to ensure adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions for our operating communities Faced with the reality that the world’s water resources are no longer sufficient to meet everyone’s needs along with the increasing frequency of extreme weather and droughts, it’s important that we understand which of our hotels are in high or very high areas of water stress, so that we can adapt our business strategy accordingly to better support these hotels and target water savings. Holiday Inn Nairobi Two Rivers Mall 36 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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What we achieved in 2022 The steps we’ve taken in 2022 include using the World Resources Institute (WRI) Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas to map risk across all hotel locations. This has enabled us to create a baseline dataset on water risk, which will inform our future strategy and allows us to report in line with the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) framework. This will provide us with the number of hotels located in areas of water scarcity, as well as taking into consideration key indicators – including risk of flooding, drought and water depletion – to provide us with an overall water risk score. Our ongoing assessment is being integrated into our overall risk management strategy, forms part of our work on TCFD and features in our analysis of both acute and chronic physical risks (see pages 54 to 61 for the full disclosure). Despite hotel occupancy increasing as travel resumed in most markets following the pandemic, we reduced our absolute water footprint by 6.9% in 2022 compared with our 2019 baseline year. Recognising the challenge in achieving ongoing reductions in usage in future years, we have set our hotels a water reduction target, along with being required to report on their water usage through the Green Engage system. In our four years as members of the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS), we have met our target to develop water stewardship action plans for six hotels, and as part of our Journey to Tomorrow strategy review, we appointed a leading sustainability consultancy to support us in the next stage of developing our water strategy. This includes targets to reduce our WASH impact and conserve water in areas at greatest risk. We are currently conducting an assessment of current programmes and data, external drivers and peer analysis as we work on developing a Group-wide strategy for reducing our water usage across all of our hotels. What’s to come People As we build on our inclusive and high-performance culture, we are becoming a stronger business and will continue to develop the tools, resources and capabilities to support our people. Our Global Learning strategy will continue to evolve, with this year’s introduction of a new learning platform and programmes serving as the building blocks for the launch of our new IHG University in 2023. Tailored to distinct audiences, this new educational framework will champion learning, career development, talent acceleration and best practice across the business. We will continue to invest in talent management to strengthen our approach to recruitment, alongside building on our successful campaign in 2022 to strengthen our General Manager pipeline in support of our growth aspirations in the Luxury & Lifestyle segment. Having made clear DE&I commitments this year, we will work towards reaching these goals at all levels within the business, while also continuing to provide further education for our teams. Communities We will continue to work strategically with expert charities to help those in most need around the world, as well as support our hotels in developing local partnerships in line with our policy and strategy for community investment. We will extend the reach and scope of these relationships to provide support across a broader range of areas, while strengthening our ability to capture data and measure our impact. We will scale the global rollout of our IHG Skills Academy to ensure it’s available in ever more local languages and markets and seek new opportunities for collaboration within our communities. Planet Work will begin on an enhanced IHG Green Engage system to help hotels better manage their energy, water and waste, while renewable energy contracts will be rolled out in more markets as part of our wider focus on providing owners with the most effective energy and cost-efficient solutions for their hotels. We will leverage our scale and influence within the industry to help secure more government incentives for introducing sustainability measures across our estate that require greater investment with longer pay-back periods. We will further develop our strategy to ensure our new-build hotels operate at very low or zero carbon in the future. Our strategy | Care for our people, communities and planet IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 37
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Strategic Report Our stakeholders HG recognises the importance of engaging with its stakeholders at all levels of the business, from the Board, through the Executive ICommittee, Senior Leadership and corporate functions, to front-line operations. A variety of methods are used based on experience and developing best practice, including face-to-face meetings, feedback and performance reviews, employee forums and training. We adjust our engagement methods as required to ensure they remain effective for both our stakeholders and IHG. The effectiveness of our engagement methods is measured through a range of metrics, including our KPIs (such as signings and pipeline), performance, ability to attract and retain talent, employee engagement survey results, adherence to the policies covered by our Code of Conduct and AGM results. The views and interests of other stakeholders, such as regulators and industry bodies, are also taken into consideration. They help provide a framework against which we measure ourselves, protect our reputation and develop our commercial and social awareness. Stakeholders What impacted them in 2022 Engagement Outcomes Guests • Increased desire to travel and for • Teamed up with major events to • Roll-out of transformed IHG One Our ability to offer a wide access to a broader range of allow IHG One Rewards members Rewards providing more ways selection of brands, with locations and experiences to redeem points in exchange for to earn and redeem points • Rising cost of living and effect unique experiences • Expanded our portfolio to 18 brands quality stay experiences, plenty of choices, great of inflation • Global ‘Guest How You Guest’ with addition of Iberostar Beachfront • Increased interest in ESG profile campaign to target key Resorts which offers resort and value and loyalty rewards, demographics in every market all-inclusive destinations are key to attracting and of companies • Increased desire to book and • Launched next generation mobile • Enhanced digital customer service building trust with IHG’s app for bookings support, including automation to guests, while continuing stay seamlessly • Guest satisfaction surveys speed up response time and to drive commercial direction to the right team performance and revenue. • Expanded choice of locations for our Luxury & Lifestyle brands • Continued enhancement of meetings offered for corporate clients • Invested in refurbishments to create modern public spaces and • Holiday Inn voted Leading Budget guest rooms Hotel Brand at the 2022 World Travel Awards See our Guest Love KPI on page 64 and how the Board had regard for guests as part of their consideration of strategic and operational matters on pages 100 to 101. Shareholders • The impact of geopolitical unrest • Regular roadshow investor • Continued investor confidence and investors and continued impact of the meetings and participation at in IHG’s performance, long-term Our ability to maintain pandemic on the hospitality investor conferences by Executive viability and leadership as sector in certain regions and IHG, Directors, Senior Leadership and demonstrated through feedback strong relationships which influence IHG’s trading the Investor Relations team received and across AGM results with shareholders and performance, financial results • Extensive consultations between • Enhanced understanding of institutional investors is and capital allocation strategy the Chair of the Remuneration shareholder and investor focus fundamental to our ability • Executive remuneration policies Committee and institutional areas, including in relation to access capital markets including the potential use of investors and proxy vote advisers to remuneration policy and and ensure IHG’s discretion; alignment with • Meetings with the Chair, IHG’s ESG matters long-term success. workforce pay and talent retention Chief Sustainability Officer and • Continued investor confidence • Concerns about climate change Investor Relations team to discuss in the composition of IHG’s Board and wider sustainability issues governance, sustainability and • Chair succession and workforce practices Board composition • Various shareholder meetings with the Chair Designate as part of her induction plan See also a description of our dividend policy on page 13, our KPIs Visit www.ihgplc.com/investors for further information. on pages 62 to 65, key matters discussed by the Board on pages 100 and 101 and engagement with shareholders relating to Executive Director remuneration on pages 118 and 125 to 126. Suppliers • Ongoing uncertainty and disruption • Identified alternative solutions • Remained agile by adjusting our Responsible supplier in supply chains with suppliers where supply was approach to goods and services relationships are vital for • Increased focus on sustainability impacted across our corporate and sourced from impacted regions and integrity within supply chains hotel estate • Increased collaboration IHG in driving efficiency and effectiveness • Increased desire of consumers for • Engaged with high performing opportunities with sustainable sustainable goods and services suppliers in sustainability and the suppliers and for sustainable throughout our circular economy that provide key goods in alignment with our supply chains. goods and services to our hotels Journey to Tomorrow ambitions and corporate functions • Assessed suppliers’ performance • Partnered with EcoVadis and and identified ESG risks in our engaged with 92 suppliers globally supply chain to participate in the EcoVadis ESG risk assessment Further information about how the Board considered supply Visit www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for further information chain and procurement is on pages 100 and 101, and our business about our responsible procurement approach. relationships, including our statement of business relationships with suppliers, customers and others, is on page 237. 38 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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Stakeholders What impacted them in 2022 Engagement Outcomes Hotel owners • Increased operating costs • Direct meeting with CEO and • Transformed IHG One Rewards IHG’s success relies on including energy, and food and Regional CEOs loyalty programme hotel owners investing beverage costs • IHG Owners Association • Expanded brand portfolio with in our brands. To remain • Labour shortages, supply chain collaboration the resort and all-inclusive brand attractive, we focus on challenges and financial and • Portfolio and individual hotel Iberostar Beachfront Resorts operational constraints caused reviews covering operational, • Streamlined operations, including the breadth of our brand by global macroeconomic factors portfolio and effectiveness strategic and industry removed and relaxed brand • Ability to capture and drive demand trend updates standards, and introduced a new of our IHG One Rewards to their hotels given a renewed era housekeeping model loyalty programme and • Webinars, regular newsletters wider enterprise. of travel and bulletins • Tailored marketing and promotions, • Evolving brand standards • Hotel lifecycle and finance supported by new data-driven team support resources and services that help hotels quickly identify and act on • Collaboration with governments revenue opportunities and industry to support recovery • Further procurement programmes to drive savings for owners • Increased training, guidance and recruitment support for hotel teams • Next-generation formats for Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Candlewood Suites and Staybridge Suites. See our net rooms supply, signings, gross revenue and enterprise Visit www.owners.org for further information about the IHG contribution KPIs on pages 62 and 63 and how the Board had regard Owners Association. for hotel owners as part of its consideration of strategic and operational matters on pages 100 to 101. Communities • Natural disasters, such as a severe • Continued close collaboration with • Support for relief efforts around the The communities we are tropical storm in the Philippines international and local charities and globe and for our colleagues and a part of both support and hurricanes in the US NGOs, such as CARE International their families through our Colleague • Continued economic impacts and American Red Cross Disaster Relief Assistance Fund and benefit from our responsible business of the pandemic and geopolitical • Industry collaboration on human • Support of the Global FoodBanking unrest, including cost of living rights and labour conditions in Network that operates across approach and the challenges and food poverty specific markets 47 countries commitments we have • Modern slavery and human • Giving for Good month: • 7,400+ people trained and made to achieve a better rights issues a programme of activities and mentored through our IHG and more sustainable employee volunteering days Academy programme in 2022 • Access to business skills future for everyone through development and local employment • Collaboration with local education • IHG Skills Academy available our Journey to Tomorrow providers and community across more than 90 countries • Climate change and other wider programme. environmental challenges organisations, as part of our focus • More than 57,000 hours of on offering skills building and colleague volunteering dedicated training opportunities to communities during Giving for Good month • Teamed up with Tent Partnership for Refugees in the US to provide refugees with skills and jobs See our IHG Academy KPI on page 65, and Responsible Business Visit www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for further information Committee Report on pages 110 and 111. on our community commitments. People • Appeal of working in the hospitality • Launched our Room to Grow week, • Continued prioritisation of DE&I Delivery of our purpose industry during and following a series of events and resources commitments, including conscious to provide True Hospitality the pandemic to champion personal and inclusion training and refreshed • Employees wishing to build long professional development DE&I policy for Good and the strategic priorities that drive future and successful careers at IHG • Employee engagement survey • IHG accredited as a Kincentric • IHG’s approach to DE&I • Invested in core HR and learning Global Best Employer success relies on our people and our ability to • Demand to provide an intuitive technology platforms • Increased focus on recruitment user experience for colleagues • Voice of the Employee feedback and talent development at hotel maintain and evolve an and corporate levels engaged, diverse and and employees on our HR systems sessions with the Board • ERGs representing ethnic • Established regular contact with inclusive culture where staff to promote mental health care, careers can grow. minorities, gender, LGBTQ+, disabilities and other employees supported by global webinars and video series • Quarterly performance, development and wellbeing • Moved into our new Global check-ins Headquarters in Windsor, UK See our employee engagement KPI on page 65, how the Board had Visit www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for further information regard for people in board and remuneration decisions on pages about our people commitments. 101, 114, 117, 123, 124 and 126, Voice of the Employee disclosure on page 111, and statement on employee engagement on page 236. Our stakeholders IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 39
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Strategic Report Our culture Our culture sets the tone for how we do business and drives forward our purpose of providing True Hospitality for Good. Our values Led by the Board and Executive Committee our values underpin our behaviours and business ethics, and guide how we deliver our strategy, make decisions and live our purpose. he long-term success of TIHG is shaped by a number of interdependent factors, including our purpose, the effectiveness of our strategy, and the resilience of our business model. Underlying all of these is our strong workplace culture, which is aligned with our reputation as a well-governed, trusted and ethical company. IHG’s approach to business, including our structure and governance, risk appetite, controls and systems, workplace environment, behaviours, values, and policies (including our Code of Conduct), drives our culture. Accordingly, understanding these aspects of our business is critical to understanding how we deliver on our strategic priorities, risk management, and KPIs. Our structure and governance IHG’s Board has overall responsibility for ensuring that our culture and ways of working are aligned with our purpose and drive our strategy. Throughout the year, the Board and its Committees review metrics, reports and scorecards, and receive updates and presentations, on the delivery of our strategic priorities, all within the context of our culture and governance. They challenge and support Senior Leaders, particularly where there is a need to adapt policies and initiatives, to ensure the continued alignment of strategy and culture. The Board delegates day-to-day responsibility for setting and embedding Company culture to the CEO who, together with the Executive Committee (EC), sets the tone from the top in relation to attitudes and behaviours to create an open and honest workplace environment, empowering employees to give feedback and freely ask questions about matters that concern them, such as during the CEO’s quarterly, global all-employee calls. The EC is responsible for executing the Group’s strategy, and keeping the Board informed of the operation of the business and workplace culture. IHG’s hotel development and operations are organised on a regional basis (Americas, EMEAA and Greater China) and are supported by global functions in the key areas of Marketing, Commercial & Technology, Finance, Human Resources, Corporate Affairs, and Business Reputation and Responsibility. Management of the regional and global teams is organised into leadership teams, who are responsible for executing IHG’s strategic priorities in a manner that aligns with the Group’s culture and values. Decisions on hotel developments and capital expenditure go through the appropriate deal approval and expenditure committees. 40 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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| The Group operates a Global Delegation of Authority Policy, which sets out financial commitment and expenditure approval controls. Commitments over specified thresholds or for certain types of proposals require approval from the Group’s Capital Committee, which reports into the Executive Committee.
The Group’s corporate legal structure is comprised of around 383 subsidiaries worldwide. These entities provide the legal framework required to support the Group in making individual contracts and commitments.
Risk appetite, controls and systems Our risk appetite and tolerance is continually reviewed by the Board in relation to the Group’s pursuit of strategic and business objectives. While our strategy does not consciously expose any of our assets to significantly heightened risk, the choices we make aim to balance priorities and resources to either actively exploit current advantages or address current disadvantages versus a range of competitors, and meet stakeholder expectations. The Board considers the portfolio of uncertainties that we face, and whether our allocation of resources and the pace of initiatives used to build enterprise capability create any imbalance or exposure to other risk areas. It considers the impact of macro-external factors, including the war in Ukraine, inflationary pressures, as well as ongoing industry recovery from the pandemic. |
Our risk appetite is cascaded through our values and behaviours, our Code of Conduct, Delegation of Authority and other global policies, and how we set out goals and targets, and is further reinforced by frequent leadership communications to guide behaviours and set priorities.
We are committed to a framework of monitoring and assurance processes in relation to our initiatives and policies, reviewing whether they have operated within acceptable risk tolerances where priorities have shifted or additional actions were required. Board and Committee agenda topics allow the Board to identify and discuss the nature and extent of principal (and emerging) risks, and how risk management arrangements have adapted where required.
Workplace environment With the world shifting to hybrid working, we took steps to create more flexible workspaces that support employees in adopting a balance of remote and office working and the delivery of IHG’s priorities. In December 2022, we moved into our new global headquarters in Windsor in the UK – a modern, creative and sociable working environment equipped with the latest technology to bring employees together at the right time and help them get the most out of their days in the office. We also refurbished our Americas headquarters in Atlanta in the US to create a more inviting environment for employees to connect and collaborate. |
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| Throughout 2022 we provided cyber-security training to support hybrid working and improve resiliency against cyber threats. Topics included phishing, accessing systems securely while working remotely, and the secure transfer and storage of data. In recognition of ever evolving cyber threats, we also continued to enhance controls and monitoring over IHG systems to remain vigilant regarding the security of Company information.
Our behaviours Our behaviours – Move fast, Solutions focused, Think return and Build one team – empower and inspire our employees to work in a way that supports our purpose and strategic priorities. Underlying these behaviours are our Code of Conduct and related policies, all of which influence how we interact with our stakeholders. By role modelling our behaviours, IHG’s leaders create an environment that encourages rapid decision-making that supports our growth aspirations, within a framework of due diligence and assurance processes that ensures we continue to operate responsibly.
During the year, a series of Next Talk events were led by Executive Committee members across the organisation, to deepen understanding of the link between our behaviours and strategy. More than 2,500 employees joined each session, with positive feedback from them.
Code of Conduct and related policies IHG’s Code of Conduct (Code) is the framework for how we do business at IHG, and underpins our strategy and commitment to providing True Hospitality for Good. Our key principles and policies are included in the Code, which enables employees and colleagues working in IHG corporate offices, reservation centres, managed, owned, leased, and managed lease hotels to make the right decisions, in compliance with the law and IHG’s ethical standards.
Included in the Code is an overview of our values, reporting concerns framework and Group policies, including those relating to human rights, respect in the workplace, diversity, equity, inclusion and equal opportunities, accurate reporting, information security, anti-bribery and corruption, and the environment. It also provides guidance on where to go if colleagues have a concern and need further help.
The Board, Executive Committee and all colleagues working in IHG corporate offices, reservation centres, managed, owned, leased, and managed lease hotels must comply with the Code. We expect those we do business with, including our franchisees, to uphold similar principles and standards.
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Strategic Report
Our culture continued
The Code is reviewed and approved by the Board on an annual basis, and is supported by annual e-learning requirements. In 2022, we developed and launched a new Code e-learning module to support updates to the Code. In the coming year, we will continue to enhance our engagement and measurement approaches, and provide additional guidance to highlight key themes. In addition to our Code e-learnings, we monitor and assess other aspects of our culture through a variety of methods, including direct engagement, employee engagement surveys, tracking of e-learning completion and our confidential reporting hotline.
Embedded in the Code are several key policies and principles set forth in detail below. Other areas of the Code, such as our DE&I Policy, and human rights and modern slavery commitments, are outlined on pages 31 and 33. Initiatives to respond to legal, regulatory and ethical compliance risks are on page 49.
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IHG’s Code of Conduct is available in 14 languages on the Company’s intranet and www.ihgplc.com/en/investors/corporate- governance/code-of-conduct |
Speaking up
A core component of our people culture is respect in the workplace, whether it be relating to a colleague, guest or anyone else. IHG has zero-tolerance to any form of discrimination, harassment or bullying, in line with our Respect in the Workplace Policy. While we uphold our responsibility to behave ethically and protect IHG’s reputation, it is possible that in limited instances, a colleague may act in a way that conflicts with the principles set out in the Code. Guidance is given to report concerns directly to line managers, supervisors or local Human Resources representatives. For instances where it is more appropriate, a confidential reporting hotline and online reporting facility is available and globally advertised. Concerns can also be reported to the Head of Risk and Assurance or the General Counsel and Company Secretary. The Board routinely review summaries of reported concerns and ensure processes are in place for investigations and follow-up.
Safety and security
IHG is committed to providing a safe, secure and healthy environment for all colleagues, guests and visitors. All operations must comply with all applicable health, safety and security laws. Beyond compliance with the law, IHG works to identify further improvements to the way safety and security risks are managed, and has mandatory Brand Safety Standards in place for all hotels globally to drive consistency in this area. Initiatives to respond to safety and security risks are on page 51.
| Bribery and corruption IHG is committed to operating with integrity. Bribery and any form of financial crime, including improper payments, money laundering, violations or circumvention of economic and trade sanctions and tax evasion or the facilitation of tax evasion, are not permitted under any circumstances. This also applies to any agents, consultants and other service providers who do work on our behalf.
Our Anti-Bribery Policy sets out our zero-tolerance approach and is applicable to all Directors, Executive Committee members, employees and colleagues in managed, owned, leased, and managed lease hotels. It is accompanied by anti-bribery content in our mandatory Code of Conduct e-learning module. Our Gifts and Entertainment Policy and guidance further support our approach in this area.
To continue to enhance our anti-bribery programme and in line with best practice, a Group-wide bribery and corruption risk assessment was commenced in 2021 with the assistance of specialist external counsel. The objective was to ensure that IHG’s key bribery risks continue to be identified and addressed. The assessment concluded in 2022, with work ongoing to address the findings and evolve IHG’s programme under the leadership of the Ethics and Compliance team. This work included approval by the Board of updates to the Group’s Anti-Bribery and Gifts and Entertainment Policies. Initiatives to respond to legal, regulatory and ethical compliance risks are more broadly discussed on page 49.
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IHG is a member of Transparency International UK’s Business Integrity Forum and participates in its annual Corporate Anti-Corruption Benchmark. Each year, the results from this benchmark help to measure the effectiveness of our anti-bribery and corruption programme and identify areas for continuous improvement.
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Handling information responsibly We are committed to ensuring that guests, loyalty programme members, colleagues, shareholders, owners and other stakeholders trust the way we manage data. As part of our privacy and information security programmes, we have standards, policies and procedures in place to manage how personal data can be used and protected. Our e-learning training for employees on handling information responsibly is a mandatory annual requirement, and covers topics such as password and email security, using personal data in accordance with our policies and privacy commitments, how to work with vendors and transferring data securely. |
| In addition to the cyber security awareness training mentioned on the previous page, we held tabletop exercises to practise our ability to detect and respond to potential security events, such as ransomware and supply chain attacks. We continue to develop our privacy and security programmes to address evolving requirements and take account of developing best practice. The Board regards cyber security as a critical business discipline and it regularly receives updates on the Group’s cyber security processes and controls. |
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See initiatives to respond to cyber security and information governance risks on page 47. |
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Section 172 statement Details of how the Directors have had regard to the matters set forth in Section 172(1)(a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 is provided in the Section 172 statement on pages 100 to 101.
Further details can be found throughout the Strategic and Governance Reports, including in our key stakeholder engagement disclosures on pages 38 and 39.
Non-financial information statement Non-financial information, including a description of policies, due diligence processes, outcomes and risks and opportunities can be found as set out below. Internal verification and disclosure controls apply to all the information covered in these areas.
• Impact of the Company’s activities on the environment on pages 35 to 37, 54 to 61, and 237 and 239
• Social matters on pages 33 and 34
• Anti-corruption and anti-bribery matters on page 42
• Employee matters on pages 26 to 33, 101, 114, 117, 123, 124 and 126
• Respect for human rights on page 33
• A description of the Group’s business model on pages 10 to 13
• The Group’s principal risks on pages 44 to 51
• The Group’s KPIs on pages 62 to 65
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See our relevant policies at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business
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Responsible procurement
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rowing our business innovatively and sustainably, while working to the highest standards of business conduct, plays a crucial role in our |
new supplier selection process and in how we continue to work with our existing suppliers. We are committed to working with suppliers who not only meet our minimum ethical standards but also share the values of our responsible business plan – Journey to Tomorrow.
What we do already
Our supply chains are split between corporate and hotel spend. Hotel procurement predominantly occurs at the local hotel level because our hotels are primarily owned by independent third-party franchisees responsible for managing their own supply chains. In some key markets, the IHG Procurement team has created procurement programmes for certain goods and services related to building, opening, renovating, and operating a hotel, which hotels can leverage. Our corporate supply chain covers expenditures such as technology, office buildings and facilities management, and professional services.
To help manage and monitor our corporate supply chain, an enterprise procurement system is in place to oversee third-party corporate expenditures. Several global technology and outsourcing providers have been identified as strategic supplier relationships due to the critical nature of their services. IHG engages with these suppliers to harness innovation, provide customer service, manage risk, and promote value realisation. We annually review this list of strategic suppliers and their delivery of our business objectives.
To ensure that suppliers operate with the same integrity and respect as we do, IHG requires new corporate suppliers to confirm their acceptance of the Supplier Code of Conduct (Supplier Code) at the onboarding stage (or demonstrate that they have equivalent policies in place). It is a contractual requirement for centrally negotiated programmes in which our hotels can purchase. Recommended guidance is also provided to managed and franchised hotels when purchasing locally. At the end of 2022, 100% of new suppliers had signed the Supplier Code.
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Corporate and hotel supply activities are driven by our Procurement function and guided by our responsible business agenda, with oversight from the Board’s Responsible Business Committee.
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Supporting Small Businesses IHG complies with statutory reporting duties on payment practices and performance and is committed to supporting smaller suppliers – striving to pay suppliers with fewer than 50 employees within 30 days, where centrally accounted for across our UK corporate, managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels.
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What we achieved in 2022
We focused on implementing responsible procurement through digital solutions and advancing our supply chain risk assurance programme. We also continued sourcing sustainable solutions, increased collaboration with diverse suppliers and improved employee awareness of responsible procurement.
Recognising that the impact of supply chain risk is not only an issue for Procurement but also prevalent on management agendas across IHG, we reviewed and refreshed the objectives of our Supply Chain Risk Council. The Council focuses on ensuring cross-functional collaboration, reviewing IHG’s profile of supply chain risks and corresponding methodology, and identifying emerging threats. This year, macroeconomic events have exacerbated disruption to global supply chains, which have required adjustment to our approach to goods and services sourced from the impacted geographies. We evaluated affected supply across corporate and hotel spend areas and identified alternative solutions where possible. Furthermore, we provided forward-looking perspectives on commodity price inflation in food and energy to our franchisees to enable better local purchasing decisions.
This year we have implemented several digital solutions to support responsible procurement, which have been integrated into our spend intelligence tool, and training has been delivered to the Global Procurement team. The solutions provide better visibility of IHG’s focus areas including labour practices, sustainability, and financial risks. These are helping to identify new opportunities, including diverse suppliers, and assisting the mitigation of supply chain disruptions.
For example, we have partnered with EcoVadis, a global leader in business sustainability ratings, to assess supplier risk and sustainability performance. To date, we have requested 92 suppliers globally to participate in the EcoVadis
ESG risk assessment. Insights from the scorecards will be used to understand supplier performance, drive improved scores, and identify ESG risks in our supply chain.
This year, we engaged with high-performing suppliers in sustainability and the circular economy who provide carpeting, showers, furniture, bedding, mattresses, flooring, and air travel to our hotels and corporate functions. This helped Procurement gain valuable insights into the sustainability journey of our suppliers, discuss opportunities for collaboration, and to build stronger relationships with our top-performing suppliers.
Textiles are a substantial supply chain commodity, given that they are widely present in our hotels. This year we have worked on a project in collaboration with our Ethics and Compliance team and a third-party consultancy to conduct a risk assessment of two key textile suppliers in our US hotel procurement programmes. The risk assessment findings will inform the evolution of our supply chain due diligence approach. We also continued working with CARE International UK following a workplace gender analysis in 2021, and this year CARE hosted an interactive workshop with internal stakeholders to review the findings and recommended actions. In 2023 we will continue to perform detailed supply chain risk mapping.
What’s to come
We will continue our goal to increase the consideration of sustainable, diverse and resilient suppliers. We will also explore how sustainability assessments can be incorporated into our due diligence processes for new suppliers and pilot additional risk intelligence tools.
We will roll out our updated Procurement Policy, which will include additional guidance on our commitment to sustainability and diversity in our supply chain. A review of the Supplier Code commenced in 2022, informed by a benchmarking exercise, and an updated Supplier Code will be implemented in 2023.
We will also continue to support the implementation of sustainable solutions to advance the progress of our Journey to Tomorrow commitments and build hotel supply chain solutions for energy conservation measures to support IHG’s decarbonisation agenda. Additionally, we will develop an approach to segment our suppliers based on emissions profiles to identify focus areas.
| Our culture | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 43 |
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Strategic Report
Our risk management
The Board’s role in risk management during 2022 – constantly evolving our resilience in a volatile environment
The Board is ultimately accountable for establishing a framework of prudent and effective controls, which enable risk to be assessed and managed, and is supported by the Audit Committee, Executive Committee and delegated committees. Our governance framework and Committee agendas enable Board members to request and receive information on risk from the Executive Committee and Senior Leaders, together with other internal and external sources. New Board members are fully briefed on current risk management discussions as part of their induction.
The delivery of IHG’s individual strategic objectives and overall ambition requires us to continuously balance opportunities for strategic advantage or efficiency with the need to remain resilient and agile in the short and longer term. The Board considers and defines its risk appetite and tolerance as an active part of determining and monitoring our strategic priorities. We describe the Board’s approach to risk appetite on page 41, and this has also been a regular topic for consideration by management during 2022. This recognises the trade-offs inevitably required to achieve our growth ambitions between responding to individual uncertainties and the need to balance interests of multiple stakeholders, for example, how teams allocate resources and management attention. We have faced significant individual and accumulated uncertainties during the year from external events and IHG initiatives which management has reacted to and built into management processes. In order to enhance our risk management processes, we routinely look to apply learnings to future resilience and planning.
The description of the 2022 focus areas and activities for the Board and its delegated committees (see pages 90 to 138) demonstrates active ongoing consideration of emerging and evolving uncertainties across a wide range of topics and timeframes. The Audit Committee reviews the principal risks and the appropriateness of our risk management system to address these, and also considers risk and control implications of strategic topics reviewed by other committees, for example, third-party risk management and future assurance requirements for ESG data. Across the year, this discussion of risk, supported by the Risk and Assurance team, allows for review of the overall level of risk within the business, our resilience to individual and aggregated uncertainties, and implications for strategic decision-making.
More detail on formal risk appetite and tolerance is provided elsewhere in this report. For example, our appetite for financial risk is
described in note 23 to the Group Financial Statements (see pages 199 to 203), and our approach to taxation on page 69.
How we think about risk in relation to the achievement of our strategic objectives
Like many companies, we face an unprecedented context in 2023 which includes multiple realities from outside IHG, and other inherent execution risks relating to our own internal initiatives (for example, the delivery of complex technology innovation such as the evolution of our mobile app – see page 26). During 2022 and coming out of the pandemic, we have reviewed the focus and balance of our principal risk profile, shifting from describing specific downside events or failures of control to articulating the broader uncertainties we face in delivering our objectives. These often present both opportunity and threat at the same time and require considered decision-making to achieve the best overall outcome for our various stakeholders. By evolving in this way, we aim to further reinforce ownership and enhance discussion of attitudes to risk and uncertainty within key decisions.
Certain downside events shown in prior years, including safety and security and financial control incidents, have therefore been integrated into a rearticulated uncertainty relating to our operational resilience. The previous risks relating to macro external factors and investment effectiveness have been interwoven into several of the newly defined uncertainties. We have also considered specific factors such as digital security or climate change as part of how we articulate other uncertainties, for example the evolving preferences of our owners and guests.
We continue to consider the trend (inherent impact and/or likelihood) and potential speed of impact of individual risks, comparing the level of uncertainty we face as we move into the next three-year plan relative to what we experienced in 2022. This means factors can move around the grid if they become relatively more dynamic or rapid and allows us to identify where management teams may need to intervene or course-correct to respond in 2023 and manage individual and the overall portfolio of risks to an appropriate net level.
For ease of reference, a consolidated trend and speed of impact for each uncertainty is mapped in the grid, with further detail on the following pages.
How we consider emerging risks
We recognise that our business model means we often face long lead times to effect change working with the owners of our hotels and therefore remain vigilant to emerging risks which could impact the achievement of our stated strategic priorities and also our longer-term growth, competitiveness, viability and sustainability.
Realities for 2023-25 …
We are monitoring a range of external and internal factors:
| • | Macroeconomic pressures – recession inflation, rising interest rates, energy, and other cost of living pressures |
| • | Geopolitical tension and conflict, heightening cyber threats and supply chain disruption |
| • | Complex IHG initiatives or investments |
| • | Growth into new territories and new brand and business models |
| • | Evolving third-party relationships |
| • | Uncertain central bank policies and increasing development or financing costs for owners |
| • | Aggressive strategies from existing and new competitors |
| • | Pace of digitalisation |
| • | Talent demands or expectations for compensation |
| • | Scarcity of labour or pressure on labour relations in certain markets |
| • | Colleague burnout |
| • | Operational efficiency and effectiveness opportunities |
| • | Managing in a permanently hybrid environment, including wellbeing |
| • | Onerous and increasing legal, ethical or regulatory and compliance developments |
| • | Increasing ESG regulation or stakeholder expectations relating to climate |
| • | Ongoing Covid-19 disruption |
We think about emerging risks as:
| • | new risks, or existing risks in a new context, when the nature and value of the impact is not yet fully known or understood; and |
| • | factors with an increasing impact and probability over a longer time horizon. |
There are emerging elements in many of our principal risks. These factors include shifts in consumer demand and travel patterns, international and domestic real estate ownership, digital transformation across all areas of the guest journey, workplace expectations of current and future IHG colleagues and several trends linked to our ongoing assessment of longer-term risks within our TCFD analysis. These factors will be considered as we develop and model future resilience, using the TCFD scenarios we are developing as a starting point.
Specific emerging trends are considered through deep dives with a smaller audience including the CFO and Head of Strategy and the General Counsel, supported by the Risk and Assurance and Group Strategy teams.
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See also pages 14 to 15 for more detailed discussion of trends impacting our industry. |
| 44 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022
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How we identify, discuss and escalate risks, including emerging factors, within IHG
The Board oversees our culture through which employees are encouraged to learn and work at pace, focus on solutions and take the right risks. Management teams across IHG are highly aware of the challenges our current industry context creates and that our ambition and strategic priorities inevitably expose us to uncertainty in the short, medium and longer term. Our confidence in achieving our priorities is reviewed regularly:
| • | at Executive Committee meetings as part of decision-making, financial planning and strategy review, including consideration of emerging factors through open roundtable discussion; |
| • | by first-line management teams with day-to-day responsibility for identifying and managing risk within key decisions, programmes and transactions and escalating where appropriate; and |
| • | by second-line management functions which provide specialist expertise, support, monitoring and challenge to decision-makers on risk-related matters. |
The Risk and Assurance team works with Group Strategy and other first- and second-line teams to maintain and evolve their risk profiles using the same format as the overall principal risk grid. These discussions consider how risk trends, shifts in risk appetite or
tolerance and/or changes to risk management maturity may impact future decision-making and whether any other leadership interventions may be required. These also enable teams to identify interdependencies across IHG, for example the consideration of talent risks within other risk profiles. Consolidated insights are reviewed by the Executive Committee and the Audit Committee every six months, and we also consider risk continuously as part of key decisions.
How we manage our principal risks and uncertainties across the organisation and remain resilient to unanticipated events
Our risk management and internal control system evolves and adapts constantly, as an integral part of how we run the business and make ourselves overall more agile and responsive to unanticipated events. It engages multiple specialisms to operationalise our attitudes to risk at every level of IHG, enabling us to move at speed, balance the many uncertainties at play simultaneously within decisions and achieve an appropriate level of resilience. We adopt a tailored approach to the management of individual risks and do not aim to mitigate each one to the same level.
During 2022, we have observed themes of risk management focus which each relate to, and provide mitigation for, many of the risks shown on the following pages. These should be read in conjunction with detail elsewhere
in the Strategic Report which helps position IHG overall to respond to future opportunities and risks in delivering our ambitions, including strengthening our organisation through key strategic investments (pages 19 to 37), engaging proactively with stakeholders (pages 38 and 39) and by reinforcing our strong workplace culture (pages 40 to 43).
Culture and leadership
We have strong ‘tone from the top’ on the importance of effective risk management, evidenced through 2022 by actions including:
| • | Policy management has been enabled by dedicated roles in key teams and a global policy approved by the Board and managed by Ethics & Compliance to align policy development, communication and compliance monitoring with good practice. |
| • | We have strengthened risk leadership and oversight arrangements by working with risk forums to align their purpose, scope and membership to avoid confusion with other first- and second-line accountabilities and to provide advice and challenge on key indicators used to track risks. |
| • | Several teams have also maintained strong communication on key risk topics, including cybersecurity phishing training, the importance of maintaining strong financial controls, inclusion and wellbeing, and our updated Code of Conduct training. |
| Our risk management | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 45 |
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Strategic Report
Our risk management continued
Processes and controls
Many teams reviewed their risk assessments in 2022, including the Group-level cyber risk assessment to identify if IHG’s highest valued assets are operating within security risk tolerances, a labour rights risk assessment focused on the UK market, a Group-level anti-bribery and corruption assessment with external support, a privacy programme maturity assessment and an assessment of the impacts of BEIS on our financial governance arrangements.
Compliance process and control improvements have been implemented in various areas (for example, information security policy exception management, supply chain due diligence processes and privacy management, alternative compliance arrangements for specific safety risks) while technology investments to support risk management have been made for supplier diversity and sustainability tools, a privacy management tool and a new risk & compliance measurement tool to replace ageing technology.
Monitoring and reporting
Leadership teams have also evolved monitoring and reporting arrangements, better defining geopolitical intelligence requirements and, in some places, developing dashboards for future reporting or discussion of key risk and control indicators, although there is room for further maturity in this area (building on recent experience of refined cyber risk indicators).
With the support of Risk and Assurance, teams have identified opportunities to integrate risk management strategies. For example, collaboration between Supply Chain and Ethics and Compliance teams on third-party due diligence, between Information Security and Privacy teams on personal data training for HR colleagues, and across Threat Intelligence, Safety and Security and Resilience teams to develop scenario testing for hypothetical major security incidents. Our insurance renewal cycle has also directly engaged multiple teams to present on risk mitigation strategies in underwriting market presentations during 2022.
We have also evolved our crisis management framework to anticipate and coordinate incidents during the year, including the war in Ukraine and major events such as the FIFA world cup. The framework was also applied to an unauthorised systems disruption (see below). Teams continue to test crisis preparedness and scenario planning, including tabletop exercises and development of playbooks.
How senior management and the Board obtain assurance in our risk management and resilience
The Governance section outlines focus areas and activities which enable the Board and its delegated committees to receive management updates on risks within key decisions. In addition, pages 47 to 51 explain how senior management and the Board are able to source ongoing assurance on our risk management and internal control system during the year and how actions may impact future risk levels.
The Risk and Assurance team reports regularly on developments in oversight of risk management. The third-line Internal Audit team has worked during 2022 with the Audit Committee to consider existing sources of assurance, for example, from direct reporting or attestations provided by first- and second-line management teams on risk and control matters. The Internal Audit plan identifies where independent assurance may be valuable, taking into account the maturity of management’s own reporting, and acceptable risk tolerances. Internal Audit also monitor the confidential disclosure channel to identify any emerging trends requiring management and/or Board intervention.
The Audit Committee considers future assurance needs within the Internal Audit planning process and has also debated potential assurance considerations for non-financial data disclosures, with incoming regulations in many territories. We plan to develop an assurance roadmap for carbon data during 2023, including where this can be obtained internally on controls and when external independent input may be necessary in the coming years. This will also inform wider conversations about the Audit and Assurance Policy likely to be required by the UK Government.
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This section should be read together with the rest of the Strategic Report, Governance on pages 90 to 138, the going concern statement on page 239, and Risk Factors on pages 240 to 245. |
How we adapted to manage cyber risk during the criminal, unauthorised access to our technology systems
No company is immune to cyber risk, and we remain vigilant to attacks, continuously learning and adapting our security response to evolving risks.
As we explained in our 6 and 29 September 2022 Stock Exchange Announcements, parts of our technology systems were subject to unauthorised activity, causing disruption to our booking channels and other applications. In line with our crisis management framework, teams across IHG came together to evaluate and address the incident. No evidence of unauthorised access to systems storing guest data was identified.
On identifying the disruption, Commercial and Technology, with direction from legal counsel, led the incident response with support from Information Security, Global Communications and Risk and Assurance teams. This team met frequently, considering technology, security and communications developments, and was also bolstered with representatives with responsibility for guest products and booking platforms and global marketing, to enable close consideration of impacts on operational services and channels and management of brand impacts and other reputational risks. External specialists were also engaged to investigate the incident.
The Executive Committee provided Group-level incident coordination, considering prioritisation of resources to address the range of stakeholder needs and our approach to stabilisation, recovery and communications and potential risks to other corporate and hotel initiatives. As the incident management proceeded, it was possible to de-escalate our crisis posture progressively by reducing the frequency of extraordinary meetings, while maintaining focus on owner and partner queries and providing assurance over medium- and longer-term remediation activities.
The Board was also engaged throughout the incident response.
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See page 212 for further details regarding the financial impact of the incident. |
| 46 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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| In pursuing our ambition, we face inherent uncertainties relating to... |
Why these uncertainties are important to the achievement of our strategic objectives over the next two to three years |
How senior management and Board obtained assurance in our risk management and resilience in 2022 | ||
| Owner preferences for or ability to invest in our brands
Executive Risk Sponsor: Global Chief Customer Officer and Regional CEOs
Link to strategy:
Trend:
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Our growth ambitions require us to take risks to drive returns for our existing and potential owners. Our owners’ choice to work with IHG is dependent on our ability to build a portfolio of loved and trusted brands with a track record in delivering returns, while also continuing to invest behind digital advantage, customer centricity and caring for our people, communities and planet.
Driving owner returns in an uncertain macroeconomic and inflationary environment will expose us to risk. For example, we need to pursue opportunities in relation to hotel building and renovation and hotel opening projects and also in executing initiatives such as loyalty transformation across our open hotels and supply chains. There is also growing scrutiny of IHG’s responsibilities as a franchisor or manager of our brands (including other aspects of our strategic agenda such as decarbonisation).
These opportunities need to be balanced with risks associated with increasingly complex deal structures with owners, uncertainties as we expand into new markets and a need to risk our own capital to pursue inorganic growth or to incentivise deals in key locations for key brands.
If we fail to manage this risk effectively, we will lose competitiveness and may not realise the opportunities to grow our brand footprint. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management on:
• individual and brand category performance;
• loyalty and digital and responsible business strategies and investments;
• initiatives to strengthen owner returns;
• impacts of macro events (including the war in Ukraine) and impacts on specific markets;
• performance and prospects for key areas of capital investment, including controls over growth decision-making and post project reviews of investment effectiveness;
• external insight where valuable (for example, on investor perceptions); and
• competitor activities.
The Executive Committee also reviews these areas frequently and has obtained reports on initiatives, including to strengthen owner returns and to enhance owner communications via a new portal.
The Internal Audit plan provides independent assurance on initiatives supporting owner returns and financial processes relating to fee collection.
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Data and information usage, storage, security and transfer
Executive Risk Sponsor: Chief Commercial and Technology Officer, Chief Customer Officer and EVP General Counsel and Company Secretary
Link to strategy:
Trend:
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By its nature, our business involves managing large volumes of data of guests and loyalty members globally. In addition, our strategic objectives of achieving digital advantage and customer centricity will transform how we use our commercial and marketing data to improve and personalise the customer experience, grow loyalty and empower our owners to make better decisions.
This transformation involves us pursuing opportunities with cloud-based applications, storage and partnering with third-party specialists and exploiting technology advancements and innovation requiring the use of personal data and artificial intelligence. The opportunities presented by this ambition are consciously balanced with the inherent exposures our digital footprint presents to data, information security and privacy-related threats, including threat actors (including criminals, third parties and inherent colleague risk) and the need to use data appropriately and responsibly, including in response to changing regulations. This posture is possible because of investments in recent years in cybersecurity and information governance and the maturing of our risk management system, including our response to the recent systems disruption.
If we fail to manage this risk effectively, we face operational, financial and reputational impacts to the range of high-value assets we are responsible for (including critical systems and employee, guest and other sensitive data). In addition, if the data we use is not accurate, this may impair decision-making and/or lead to lack of trust or satisfaction by our guests, loyalty members or owners. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including:
• presentations on strategy for the delivery of our customer journey through technology and the refreshed loyalty programme;
• direct presentations from the Chief Information Security Officer, including on incident handling, which draw on external input on risk assessments and advice on specific topics;
• updates on the cyber insurance renewal strategy;
• second-line reporting on our privacy programme and policies for handling information securely; and
• specific updates on metric integrity, including review of ESG data principles and assurance arrangements, supported by third-party experts.
The Executive Committee monitors the execution of our data and analytics strategy and was directly accountable for overall coordination of the response to the systems disruption that occurred in September 2022. An Executive Security Risk and Compliance steering committee also tracks key projects and risk and control indicators.
The Internal Audit plan includes independent focus on governance of both cybersecurity and data and information, including providing assurance on foundational controls at both corporate and hotel levels, within commercial and marketing plans and in relation to third-party data transfers. | ||
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| Key | ||||||
| Inherent risk trend | Strategic priorities | |||||
Dynamic/Rapid |
Stable/Rapid |
Build loved and trusted brands |
Create digital advantage | |||
Dynamic/More gradual |
Stable/More gradual |
Customer centric in all we do |
Care for our people, communities and planet | |||
| Our risk management | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 47 |
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Our risk management continued
| In pursuing our ambition, we face inherent uncertainties relating to... |
Why these uncertainties are important to the achievement of our strategic objectives over the next two to three years |
How senior management and Board obtained assurance in our risk management and resilience in 2022 | ||
| Our ability to deliver technological or digital performance or innovation (at scale, at speed, etc.)
Executive Risk Sponsor: Chief Commercial and Technology Officer and Global Chief Customer Officer
Link to strategy:
Trend:
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Managing our investment effectiveness and efficiency will be critical for our short- and long-term strategic priorities to deliver digital advantage and customer centricity and to build loved and trusted brands. Delivering our priorities will require us to pursue opportunities to innovate in booking technology and to maintain and enhance the functionality and resilience of our channel management and technology platforms (including those of third parties, on which we rely directly or indirectly), and to respond to changing guest and owner needs, which may evolve in an environment of macroeconomic uncertainty (including inflationary and labour pressures).
This means we consciously expose ourselves to uncertainty in this area, as the pace of innovation and competition in digital behaviours in the hospitality industry and wider society continues to accelerate. We need to respond rapidly to shifts and opportunities in the marketplace and to drive incremental revenue by focusing on the basics of pricing, inventory and booking flow optimisation.
If we fail to manage this risk effectively, we may not capitalise on opportunities to maintain or increase guest and owner preferences for IHG and its brands, and we may also reduce the resilience of ageing channel management and technology platforms (including those of third parties, on which we rely directly or indirectly).
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The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including on:
• strategic choices for technology support across our customer journey and loyalty programmes;
• technology options to support gathering of ESG data;
• budget allocation, including post project reviews by finance teams of major capital investments; and
• information security strategy and risk profile.
The Executive Committee’s agenda actively steers and monitors the pace of innovation and technology delivery including focus on mobile, loyalty and booking transformation and hotel technology.
The 2022 Internal Audit plan included focus on programme governance and the effectiveness of controls over expenditure and benefit delivery for critical commercial, technology and marketing initiatives. This has provided independent assurance in relation to overall programme management, tracking and financial governance controls, and delivery of initiatives at high pace across the hotel estate and within the loyalty transformation programme. The team also works closely to support and advise several programme teams in real time, including HR system changes. | ||
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Global and local supply chain efficiency and resiliency
Executive Risk Sponsor: Chief Financial Officer, Chief Commercial and Technology Officer and EVP General Counsel and Company Secretary
Link to strategy:
Trend:
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Our ambitions, including to build loved and trusted brands which are consistently delivered around the world, expose us to risks associated with our global and hotel supply chains. We are increasing our interdependencies with third-parties to deliver both our commercial and technology strategy to create digital advantage and to source cost-efficient products from available markets to support our owners. See pages 22 to 24 for an outline of the procurement support we provide to our owners as part of our focus on customer centricity, for example enabling them to access and control costs for key hotel materials, and page 237 for details of our business relationships with suppliers, for example with Amadeus.
We are also exposed to wider macroeconomic uncertainties impacting supply chains, including geopolitical tensions, commodity price shifts and labour disputes, which may increase costs and impact availability for our owners. Our priority to care for people, communities and planet requires us to effectively manage third-party sustainability and ethical performance. We also need to remain vigilant to threats to information security across our supply chain. See pages 38 to 39 for details of management engagement with stakeholders during 2022, including with suppliers and supply chain considerations for other stakeholders, and the outcomes achieved. See also page 43 for our approach to responsible procurement.
If we fail to manage this risk effectively, this may impact the design, opening and operation of hotels, the ongoing effectiveness of our commercial channels and impact margins for our owners, as well as fees to IHG. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including:
• consideration of third-party relationships within our digital and commercial strategies;
• review of supply chain risks associated with macroeconomic factors including within management reporting on our response to the war in Ukraine and general market updates;
• second-line presentations on our Responsible Procurement strategy to the Responsible Business and Audit Committees, including wider third-party risk management and internal control arrangements; and
• clarifications of risk management arrangements with presentations on new business models and relationships.
The Executive Committee reviews our operational risk posture in relation to key digital initiatives, including the transformation of hotel technology arrangements and our loyalty programme. The CEO and CFO meet with the Chief Procurement Officer to review supply chain strategy and risks, supported by a Supply Chain Risk Council, which draws on external insight where appropriate.
The Internal Audit plan provides independent review of third-party and contract risk management and control arrangements, for example relating to vendors or strategic suppliers engaged to deliver our loyalty programme, and to vendor sourcing and fee collection. | ||
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| In pursuing our ambition, we face inherent uncertainties relating to... |
Why these uncertainties are important to the achievement of our strategic objectives over the next two to three years |
How senior management and Board obtained assurance in our risk management and resilience in 2022 | ||||||
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| Legal and regulatory complexity or litigation trends
Executive Risk Sponsor:
Link to strategy:
Trend:
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The global business regulatory and contractual environment and societal expectations continue to evolve, with legislative changes anticipated in many locations we operate in. Our strategic ambition to grow and our efforts to achieve digital advantage and customer centricity will also often create inherent legal and regulatory exposures. Many countries in which we operate, or are targeting for growth, are introducing legislation or legislative proposals, for example relating to ESG, privacy and labour rights. Focus on sanctions as a foreign policy tool also continues to increase.
We recognise that failing to manage this risk effectively and non-compliance and/or inadequate compliance could expose us to significant monetary and non-monetary penalties. This can, in some instances, lead to follow-on litigation. We consider such exposures carefully as part of our decision-making.
If we fail to manage this risk appropriately, we could be at an increased risk of regulatory breaches and fines and adverse litigation which could impact confidence in the IHG brand and our ability to perform in key markets. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including on:
• corporate governance and regulatory developments from General Counsel and the external Auditor;
• relevant corporate affairs topics, including briefings from external advisors;
• material litigation and serious incidents and threats at the Audit Committee;
• second-line updates on specific regulatory matters, including tax and anti-bribery and corruption and fraud risk management controls, supported by external insight and benchmarking where appropriate;
• regional trends within Regional CEO updates; and
• the appropriateness of available insurance coverage, including casualty, property, cyber and directors’ and officers’ liability risks.
The Executive Committee also actively monitors the management of key regulatory and/or litigation risks, including close consideration as part of incident handling (for example, in relation to ceasing all operations in Russia).
The Internal Audit plan considers regulatory management and provides independent assurance on the proportionality of controls, for example due diligence protocols for vendors, owners and partners. | ||||||
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| Ethical and social expectations
Executive Risk Sponsor: EVP General Counsel and Company Secretary, EVP Global Corporate Affairs and Chief Human Resources Officer
Link to strategy:
Trend:
|
As IHG operates in more than 100 countries and continues to explore new opportunities for growth, we are exposed to many dynamic reputation risks. We are committed to monitoring and ensuring the continued effectiveness of our human rights approach, our social responsibility and environmental performance, and also recognise that expectations are increasing for us to manage and drive responsible business through our supply chains and across our wider business including with our franchisees.
Our stated priority to care for our people, communities and planet demonstrates our appetite to balance our growth ambitions with the wider risks and opportunities associated with building loved and trusted brands with appropriate consideration of our wider stakeholder responsibilities, including to our colleagues in a challenging operating environment in many markets. We manage these risks carefully to ensure that we operate responsibly and with integrity, and to guide decision-making across IHG’s corporate and hotel operations.
If we fail to manage this risk effectively, it has the potential to impact our performance and growth in key markets as well as causing reputational damage with respect to key stakeholder and investor expectations. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including:
• requests for Board approval of the Code of Conduct, the Global Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Equal Opportunities Policy, and the IHG Policy Governance Policy (see page 101);
• second-line reports on ethics and compliance strategy, including external benchmarking where appropriate (e.g. Transparency International UK’s Corporate Anti-Corruption Benchmark);
• reports from Internal Audit on confidential reporting arrangements and updates from our Voice of the Employee programme from HR;
• education and awareness raising from the external Auditor on ESG and climate-related reporting and from advisers on government affairs; and
• second-line reports on our communities, human rights and responsible procurement programmes and key disclosures including the Modern Slavery Statement.
The Executive Committee monitors the progress of and delivery towards our people, communities and planet ambition, including its relationship to our growth strategy.
The Internal Audit plan includes independent focus on ethics and compliance, including consideration of management and external assessments of maturity, controls relating to marketing and commercial campaigns, and due diligence controls. | ||||||
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| Our risk management | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 49 |
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Our risk management continued
| In pursuing our ambition, we face inherent uncertainties relating to... |
Why these uncertainties are important to the achievement of our strategic objectives over the next two to three years |
How senior management and Board obtained assurance in our risk management and resilience in 2022 | ||||||
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| Guest preferences for branded hotel experiences and loyalty
Executive Risk Sponsor: Global Chief Customer Officer
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Our strategic objectives to build loved and trusted brands and to deliver customer centricity require us to ensure the services, technology and experiences we provide meet evolving expectations, increase consumer preference and loyalty, and drive bookings.
In a highly competitive industry with increasing demands for personalisation, we will need to take a balanced approach – pursuing the opportunities we may be able to capitalise on, including investing effectively behind our new brands and Luxury & Lifestyle ambitions or delivering digital advantage, while also carefully delivering fundamental guest expectations underpinning their trust in our brands, for example for cleanliness and safety, or in relation to our response to climate change. We are conscious in an inflationary environment of the potential for increasing customer sensitivity to price.
There are also inherent uncertainties as a result of our business model. As our franchise hotels operate as independent businesses, we are limited in our ability to control delivery on the ground in these properties.
If we do not manage this uncertainty well, it could impact our competitive positioning, our growth ambitions and our reputation with guests and owners. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including on:
• individual and brand category, loyalty and responsible business strategies and investments;
• regional operational and strategic plans;
• new brand projects;
• digital strategy execution; and
• analysis of competitor activities.
External insight is obtained where valuable (for example, on loyalty and responsible business strategies).
The Executive Committee also reviews these areas frequently, including analysis of specific trends (for example, business travel and commercial platforms) and has obtained reports on the evolution of regional quality mechanisms to support guest experience and the governance of how we update standards. Additional oversight and coordination is provided by a global Guest Experience Council and programme oversight of specific initiatives including Luxury & Lifestyle.
The Internal Audit plan also provides independent assurance on the execution of key initiatives (including loyalty, Luxury & Lifestyle and responsible business) and hotel performance and quality measurement. | ||||||
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| Our ability to attract and retain talent and capability
Executive Risk Sponsor: Chief Human Resources Officer
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As our industry continues to recover, it is clear that we face fast-moving and seemingly permanent challenges in relation to the availability, recruitment and retention of colleagues to support our hotels, reservation offices and key corporate functions and executive leadership. See pages 29 to 33 for further detail on the importance of our people to our purpose and ambitions.
Our growth ambitions are also dependent on hotel talent, including General Managers in Luxury & Lifestyle, and our priority to care for our people, communities and planet means that we need to balance short- and longer-term growth risks and opportunities with our broader responsibilities and commitments to stakeholders. We face uncertainties relating to our ability to retain and attract talent of sufficient quality, quantity and diversity, to deliver learning at pace and to transition to hybrid ways of working while maintaining productivity, collaboration and appropriate labour relations. We will need to adapt and innovate our operational procedures and remuneration structures to be agile to the changing interests of our business, colleagues and owners.
IHG has the ability to manage talent and retention risks directly in relation to IHG employees but relies on owners and third-party suppliers to manage these risks within their businesses. Our Procurement, Legal and Risk teams also consider indirect workforce risks.
If we are unable to manage this uncertainty, this could impact our ability to operate and grow hotels, and the effectiveness and efficiency of our key corporate functions and executive leadership, and it could also heighten risks of secondary exposures to compliance or litigation. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including on:
• overall remuneration and incentive strategy and policy, including directors and executive management and wider structures for all colleagues, supported by external advisors;
• talent and succession planning;
• diversity, equity and inclusion updates; and
• colleague HeartBeat and direct employee feedback via the Voice of the Employee programme.
The Executive Committee directly reviews talent (both as a group and through individual talent reviews with the CEO) and receives regular updates on colleague engagement and HR priorities, including learning strategy. The HR team also has a dedicated Talent & Leadership steering committee. Regular all-employee calls are held with the Chief Executive Officer, and there are ongoing leadership communications and virtual team meetings at regional and functional levels.
The 2022 Internal Audit plan has provided independent assurance on challenges associated with performance monitoring and measurement in a hybrid environment and the wider global talent management framework for critical corporate talent and GMs. | ||||||
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| 50 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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| In pursuing our ambition, we face inherent uncertainties relating to... |
Why these uncertainties are important to the achievement of our strategic objectives over the next two to three years |
How senior management and Board obtained assurance in our risk management and resilience in 2022 | ||||||
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| Operational resilience to incidents or disruption or control breakdown (including safety and security, geopolitical, health-related, and fraud)
Executive Risk Sponsor: EVP General Counsel and Company Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Commercial and Technology Officer and Regional CEOs
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The nature of our global business and our growth ambitions will continue to expose us to significant inherent operational risks, including factors relating to ongoing safety and security in our hotel operations and the overall resilience of key processes, applications and relationships which we depend upon. We aim to both avoid harm to and enhance the reputation of IHG and our loved and trusted brands and to support our people and communities wherever possible.
We recognise that we need to prepare carefully for uncertainties wherever we can, for example in relation to fire, life safety and security, health-related concerns not limited to the Covid-19 pandemic, natural disasters impacting our hotels and corporate locations, and also our ability to respond to the potential for disruption to technology and information security from external threats and operational breakdown.
The complexity of our global and regional business model also requires continued attention to our financial management and control systems to balance ongoing robustness, including mitigation of inherent risks of fraud in challenging economic conditions, while we actively pursue opportunities for efficiency. Broader financial risk management considerations are covered in note 23 to the Group Financial Statements (see pages 199 to 203), and within our approach to taxation on page 69.
If we fail to manage this risk effectively, this could impact IHG’s reputation, lead to financial loss and claims against IHG and undermine our stakeholders’ confidence in our brands. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including:
• second-line reporting to the Audit Committee on operational safety and security arrangements and reported serious incidents and threats;
• ongoing review by Risk and Assurance of incident handling (including ad hoc updates as required and within broader review of our risk management system), describing how management teams are coordinating efforts;
• reports to each Audit Committee from the second-line financial governance team, including control implications for managed hotels and major technology and process changes;
• an annual review by Risk and Assurance of fraud risk management activities; and
• independent audit by PwC of SOC1 control reports provided for the benefit of hotel owners.
The Executive Committee is closely involved with resilience planning as part of ongoing risk profiling and considering the appropriateness of management action plans to deal with disruption.
Internal Audit provided independent review of organisational resilience capabilities, including arrangements for key technology, third-party vendors, talent and processes, and also reviewed the governance of viability scenarios. | ||||||
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| The impact of climate change on hospitality (physical and transition risks for IHG)
Executive Risk Sponsor: Chief Financial Officer and EVP Global Corporate Affairs
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As a global business, IHG faces uncertainties from physical and transition risks relating to climate change. Our business model means that we share these threats and opportunities with our owners, including our dependency on their capacity to invest in the short-and long-term. We will continue to set ambitious targets and to assess the aggregate impact of climate change, and also to capitalise on opportunities that the low-carbon transition will bring for the hospitality industry by responding to evolving guest and colleague preferences.
The details of our TCFD risk assessment and transition plans are included on pages 54 to 61, and we will continue to assess the aggregate impact of climate change on our wider stakeholders including our third-party hotel owners.
The potential impact of climate change-related uncertainties is evaluated as an integral part of other principal risks; however, if we fail to manage physical and transition risks effectively overall, this has the potential to impact performance and growth in key markets. Our management of these risks is also subject to scrutiny from a wide range of stakeholders, including regulators and investor groups, corporate clients, guests and colleagues. |
The Board considers reporting and insight from management, including:
• reporting from corporate responsibility on TCFD disclosures and the embedding of climate considerations into strategy, governance, risk management and performance management, supported by external subject matter expertise;
• updates from various second-line teams on approaches to ESG data disclosure and future strategies for assurance (including to comply with changing regulatory requirements); and
• education and awareness raising from the external auditor on ESG and climate-related reporting and from advisers on government affairs.
The CEO, CFO, General Counsel and EVP Global Corporate Affairs are kept informed of progress against our TCFD commitments, and how our transition plan helps us to align the Group’s climate strategy and carbon ambitions with the wider business growth strategy. Oversight of the Journey to Tomorrow programme is provided by an Executive Responsible Business Governance Committee.
The Head of Internal Audit supports the TCFD and decarbonisation steering committees, including advising on data assurance. These groups are also advised by external experts. | ||||||
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| Our risk management | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 51 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Viability statement
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rading in 2022 continued to recover with ongoing relaxation of travel restrictions in most markets supporting an increasing return of travel demand, resulting in Global RevPAR recovering to approximately 97% of 2019 levels. The resilience of the Group’s fee-based model and |
wide geographic spread resulted in Group adjusted free cash flow of $565m during 2022 and net debt reduced by $30m after $715m of ordinary dividends and the share buyback. The Group’s business model is discussed in more detail on pages 10 to 13.
Looking forward, the Directors have determined that the three-year period to 31 December 2025 is an appropriate period to be covered by the viability statement. The Group’s annual financial planning process builds a three-year plan. This detailed plan takes into consideration the principal risks, the Group’s strategy and current and emerging market conditions. The plan then forms the basis for strategic actions taken across the business and is used as the basis for longer-range planning. The plan is reviewed annually by the Directors.
Once approved, the plan is then cascaded to the business and used to set performance metrics and objectives. Performance against those metrics and objectives is regularly reviewed by the Directors.
There are a wide range of possible planning scenarios over the three-year period considered in this review due to macro uncertainties in each of our regions. In the US and Europe, rising interest rates and high inflation heighten concerns over the strength of consumer spending and broader economic growth and the resulting impact on travel demand. In Greater China, the very recent relaxation of Covid-19-related travel restrictions means it is very difficult to predict the pace of recovery of domestic demand and also international travel of Chinese consumers. In assessing the viability of the Group, the Directors have reviewed a number of scenarios, weighting downside risks that would threaten the business model, future performance, solvency and liquidity of the Group more heavily than opportunities.
Viability scenarios and assumptions
In performing the viability analysis, the Directors have considered a ‘Base Case’ which assumes global RevPAR in 2023 around pre-pandemic levels and continues to grow on the assumption of continued economic growth in each of our regions. The assumptions applied in the viability assessment are consistent with those used for Group planning purposes, the going concern assessment, for impairment testing and for reviewing recoverability of deferred tax assets (see further detail on page 157).
The Directors have also reviewed a ‘Downside Case’ based on a recession scenario which assumes no RevPAR growth in 2023, with the recovery profile delayed by one year.
The Directors have also reviewed a ‘Severe Downside Case’ which is based on a severe but plausible scenario equivalent to the market conditions experienced through the 2008/2009 global financial crisis. This assumes that the performance during 2023 starts to worsen and then RevPAR decreases significantly by 17% in 2024 and increases by 5% in 2025.
Principal risks
The relative strength and resilience of the IHG business model to severe shocks has been proven by performance through the Covid-19 pandemic, with positive cash flows being generated through one of the most challenging periods of trading in the history of the industry. In assessing the viability of the Group, the Directors have considered the impact of the principal risks as outlined on pages 45 to 51. The discussion on those pages includes a description of why these risks are important to the achievement of our objectives and how the Group manages these risks.
We have considered which principal risks could have the most significant and direct impact to the viability of the Group during the three-year period of assessment and they are shown below, alongside the scenario that is used to model those risks.
| Scenarios modelled | Related to principal risks | |||
| Changes in RevPAR | ||||
| Downside Case and Severe Downside Case
These scenarios model a prolonged decrease in RevPAR, which may be driven by external or internal factors. |
Operational resilience to incidents/shocks
Guest preferences/loyalty for branded hotel experiences
Talent and capability attraction/retention
Our ability to deliver technological/digital performance
Owner preferences for/ability to invest in our brands
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| This scenario models the impact of a specific material incident, which could relate to cybersecurity or an alternative material impact on the cash flow statement. | Data and information usage, storage and transfer
Legal and regulatory complexity/litigation trends
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| 52 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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We have considered the potential impact of the downside scenarios on our net system size growth. We do not believe a change in system size growth would have a material impact on the Group during the period under review.
We have also considered the principal risks that may impact the viability of the Group over a longer-term period, for example, the impact of climate change on hospitality. The physical and transition climate risks to which IHG is most exposed are discussed in the TCFD statement on pages 54 to 61. Physical risks are not considered material to the long-term viability of the Group, and transition risks present both opportunities and risks. While some transition risks have been assessed as being potentially material to the Group over the next 1-5 years under a 1.5°C scenario, this scenario is not considered a likely outcome leading to the probability of a material impact on the Group’s viability assessment through 31 December 2025 as low.
Funding
The Group’s revolving credit facilities were refinanced in 2022 with a new $1,350m facility maturing in 2027 (‘the bank facility’). See note 21, page 197 in the Group Financial Statements for further details. There is a €500m bond maturing in 2024 and £300m bond maturity in 2025 – it has been assumed that these are refinanced on maturity.
Viability assessment
At 31 December 2022 the Group had cash and cash equivalents of $921m plus an undrawn bank facility of $1,350m.
Under the Base Case, Downside Case and Severe Downside Case the Group is forecast to generate positive adjusted free cash flow over the 2023-2025 period. The principal risks which could be applicable have been considered and are able to be absorbed within the covenant requirements. If there were additional trading downsides to the assumptions used then additional actions could be taken in order to mitigate this risk such as reductions in discretionary spend.
Under the Severe Downside scenario, there is limited headroom to the covenants at 31 December 2024 and 30 June 2025 to absorb multiple additional risks, for example, additional RevPAR impacts and a widespread cybersecurity incident. However, the Directors reviewed a number of actions to reduce discretionary spend, creating substantial additional headroom to the covenants. After these actions are taken the bank facility would also remain undrawn.
The Directors reviewed a reverse stress test scenario to determine what decrease in RevPAR would create a breach of the covenants, and the cash reserves that would be available to the Group at that time. The Directors concluded that the outcome of this reverse stress test showed that it was very unlikely the bank facility would need to be drawn.
This means that in the event the covenant test was failed, the bank facility could be cancelled by the lenders but would not trigger a repayment demand on the bonds which threatened the viability of the Group.
None of the scenarios modelled indicates a covenant amendment would be required, but, in the event that it was, the Directors believe it is reasonable to expect that such an amendment could be obtained based on their prior experience in relation to negotiating the waivers and amendments during 2020. The Group also has alternative options to manage this risk including raising additional funding in the capital markets. We continue to plan to maintain an investment grade credit rating which provides good access to the debt capital markets.
Conclusion
The Directors have assessed the viability of the Group over a three-year period to 31 December 2025 taking account of the Group’s current position, the Group’s strategy and the principal risks documented in the Strategic Report. Based on this assessment, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the period to 31 December 2025.
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See also our business model on pages 10 to 13, the going concern assessment on page 157 and the impact of the principal risks on pages 45 to 51. |
| Viability statement | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 53 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Delivering on the
recommendations of TCFD
Compliance with Listing Rule 9.8.6(8)
We confirm that our disclosures are in line with the UK Listing Rules and are consistent with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations and recommended disclosures. We recognise that our disclosures are limited in part by current data availability, and are working to improve our data and underlying assumptions. A summary table is provided below which references the location of our disclosures.
| TCFD section | Overview | Page | ||||||
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| Governance | How our Board and management govern climate-related risks and opportunities |
See page 54 for further information | ||||||
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| Transition Plan | A preview of our plan to achieve our SBT which aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across our estate by 46% by 2030 |
See pages 54 to 57 for further information | ||||||
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| Risk Management | Overview of our climate-related risks and opportunities and how we are managing them, including our next steps |
See pages 58 to 60 for further information | ||||||
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| Strategy | Overview of the scenario analysis we completed to test our business against a 1.5°C temperature pathway |
See pages 58 to 60 for further information | ||||||
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| Metrics & Targets | Our progress against the TCFD’s seven cross-industry metrics and targets |
See pages 61 for further information | ||||||
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| Next Steps | Actions we will take over the next 12 months to continue to evolve our business in line with our climate commitments |
See pages 59 and 60 for further information | ||||||
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Governance
Board’s governance of climate-related risks and opportunities
Our approach to responsible business is driven by a culture of strong governance, supported by robust policies and our dedication to drive positive change within our industry. IHG’s commitment to climate action is set at the Board-level which is collectively responsible for overseeing the Group’s strategy and ensuring the development of robust risk management and internal control systems to manage climate impact and other principal risks and opportunities. The Responsible Business Committee advises the Board on our responsible business strategy and objectives, including in relation to the impact on environment and climate change. The Responsible Business Committee meets three times a year to review and advise the Board on our responsible business approach within our wider Group strategy, including oversight of our transition plan and the potential impacts of climate change on our business. It also considers data validation, assurance and controls around non-financial ESG data.
Our Audit Committee is responsible for the review and oversight of our internal control and risk management systems, including our approach to and assessment of emerging and principal risks which consider climate change, as well as the procedures in place to identify, manage and mitigate them. The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing, prior to endorsement by the Board, the integrity of IHG’s financial reporting and the potential impact on our financial statements of our principal risks, which include climate change. During 2022, the Audit Committee has also considered future strategies for data validation, assurance and supporting controls over our reported data.
The Remuneration Committee determines Executive Board and Executive Committee remuneration and reviews wider workforce remuneration, to ensure they are aligned with the interests of shareholders, the UK corporate governance environment, and our environmental and climate-related goals. The 2023-2025 cycle for Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) measures will include a new ESG measure, part of which will be targets related to decarbonisation actions.
Management’s governance of climate-related risks and opportunities
The management of climate-related risks and opportunities is the responsibility of our Executive Committee and at the operational level this responsibility is held by the Steering Groups (defined in the reporting structure chart on the next page). These Steering Groups comprise senior management across our core operations and have varying responsibilities relating to our climate change strategy, including identifying and analysing climate risks, integrating climate scenario analysis into our wider business strategy and leading global decarbonisation programmes.
We understand climate change is a multi-faceted challenge that will require collaboration across different parts of the Group. Another core element is ensuring we continue to update our Board and leadership team on the latest ESG considerations and plan relevant and bespoke ESG training in the future.
The graphic on the next page demonstrates the reporting structure we use to manage climate-related risks and opportunities from the Board to operational level, including a brief description of each relevant group.
Transition plan
Introducing our plan to reduce our emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy
Last year, we completed climate-related scenario analysis to understand the level of exposure our business faces to a range of potentially material transition risks and opportunities. This assessment was updated this year, and across the three transition risks assessed, we identified that one of the most immediate and potentially material risks to our business is our ability to successfully deliver against our SBT, given the challenges associated with our third-party business model. As such, we have begun to develop our transition plan with support from external experts to help us meet our SBT. We acknowledge the release of the Transition Plan Taskforce’s (TPT’s) Disclosure Framework guidance in November 2022. While we are not currently in a position to report in line with all elements of the TPT guidance points, we have joined the TPT Sandbox to provide
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ongoing feedback during the consultation period. We will work to achieve alignment to the TPT framework, with the aim to report our transition plan in accordance with its guidance in due course. We will also take steps to align to new recommendations and disclosure requirements under the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), TCFD and UK Green Finance Strategy.
How our transition plan fits into our business strategy
Our work on decarbonisation supports our overarching corporate aim of ‘Care for our people, communities and planet’ – one of IHG’s four strategic priorities. In 2021, we upgraded our 2°C aligned SBT to be consistent with the most ambitious aims of the Paris climate accord, limiting global warming to 1.5°C. This target, approved by the Science Based Target initiative (SBTi), commits IHG to reduce absolute GHG emissions from our Scope 1 and 2, and Scope 3 emissions from our fuel and energy-related activities (FERA) and franchise estate by 46% by 2030 from a 2019 base year.
Our transition plan helps us to align the Group’s climate strategy with the wider business strategy to ensure we deliver on our carbon ambitions while continuing to grow the system competitively.
Our SBT: To reduce absolute scope 1, 2, and Scope 3 GHG emissions from fuel and energy-related activities and franchises 46% by 2030 from a 2019 base year.
How we are tracking our emissions reduction progress
Every one of IHG’s hotels has an annual and 2025 energy reduction target which enables us to track progress against our 2030 SBT. Hotels were previously given carbon reduction targets, but in 2022, we pivoted to energy reduction because this can be easily monitored and benchmarked. In addition, hotels have more control over their energy usage relative to their carbon footprint (which also relies on the energy mix of the grid).
We are investing in our online environmental management platform, Green Engage, to provide better reporting and insights for hotels and also implementing new processes to enable centralised collection of verifiable data, supported by third-party experts.
| Delivering on the recommendations of TCFD | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 55 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Delivering on the
recommendations of TCFD continued
Improving the accuracy and completeness of data from our predominantly franchised and managed hotels is a key focus area. This will enable us to better support them in their decarbonisation efforts. It will also provide IHG with better-quality data to underpin our work in developing metrics and targets to help us monitor and track progress against our climate commitments. We are also exploring how we can capture emissions from other material Scope 3 categories more accurately, by improving our data collection techniques to inform potential future ambitions.
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To monitor delivery against our 1.5°C aligned SBT pathway, we will continue to measure and monitor GHG emissions from across our portfolio, as discussed in more detail in the Metrics & Targets section on page 61. | |
How we plan to meet our 2030 SBT
We are aware that transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires global coordination and the support of our hotel owners. The franchised nature of our business model means that we do not have direct control over a large proportion of the emissions produced by the vast majority of our hotels. However, we can mandate certain interventions to hotel owners via our brand standards, as well as supporting them to implement their own decarbonisation initiatives through resources and tools and working with governments to advocate policies that make it easier for them to do so. In many markets in which we operate, there is less urgency and limited market or regulatory pressure on the owners themselves to decarbonise, such as deregulated markets in the US, and in China, where the country’s net-zero target extends to 2060. Developing a business case for building electrification is more challenging with owners in Western markets such as the UK and US where the relative cost of electricity to gas is high. Although we have not included carbon offsets in our plan, we do expect decarbonisation of electricity supply in the
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markets in which we operate to contribute to emissions reductions across our portfolio. In addition, there is a significant role for governments to play around creating incentives to support our owners to decarbonise their hotels; we urge governments to do this to support a faster energy transition.
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For further details of our stakeholder engagement, see pages 44 and 45 of our Responsible Business Report at www.Ihgplc.com/responsible-business/reporting |
Our 2023-2025 Long Term Incentive Plan will include a new ESG measure, part of which will be targets related to decarbonisation actions.
How we govern our transition plan
In addition to overseeing the Group’s corporate responsibility strategy, the Responsible Business Committee is accountable for approving and overseeing the execution of the transition plan. The Steering Groups are given full responsibility for the operationalisation of the plan by the Executive Committee, including the Strategy & Targets, Renewables, Very Low/Zero Carbon New Build, and Existing Hotels and Interim New Build workstreams. These Steering Groups meet regularly to implement the transition plan at an operational level, design and deliver decarbonisation projects, and develop metrics and targets to measure our progress against our climate goals. Scenario analysis is used to test grid decarbonisation and energy efficiency measures for delivery of our 2030 SBT and we recognise the associated reputational risk if the target is not delivered.
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For further details, see our risk management section on pages 44-51. | |
| Delivering on the recommendations of TCFD | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 57 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Delivering on the
recommendations of TCFD continued
Climate-related risk management and strategy
Risk management integration
We consider the impact of climate change as a major uncertainty affecting our industry, reflecting this both as a discrete principal risk and also indicating that it may affect other core areas of our business, including guest and owner preference for our brands. The Board and the Executive Committee review our principal risks as part of their planning and decision-making during the year. We also monitor and evolve our risk management and internal control processes (with reference to TCFD requirements), and the Audit Committee provides ongoing oversight of the effectiveness of these arrangements.
At an operational level, the Risk and Assurance team conduct ongoing discussions with IHG leaders responsible for ‘first line’ regional and functional teams and ‘second line’ risk and control oversight. This has enabled us to consider climate-related factors in the achievement of operational team strategies and objectives, and steps which are being taken to mitigate potential exposures. As an example, this includes regional playbooks for physical extreme weather risks.
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See pages 44-51 for further detail of our approach to risk management. |
Climate-related risk management and strategy
The tables on pages 59 and 60 provide a summary of the key climate-related risks we have assessed using scenario analysis and their potential impacts on our business. The materiality of those risks have been considered using a 1.5°C scenario.
The materiality of our risks is assessed based on the revenue impact in the year of analysis. A high, potentially material impact in 2030 is defined as >5% of total 2030 expected revenues or cost, or reputational impact; a medium impact is 1-5% of total Group revenue or cost, or potential responsible business leadership risk; and finally a low, potentially minor impact is <1% of total Group revenue or cost or negligible reputational risk. The potential size of impact of our climate-related opportunities has been assessed on a qualitative basis and has not undergone the same level of analysis as the identified risks. We will work to improve our data capture to help us to better understand the potential associated opportunities. The timeframes used to assess our climate-related risks and opportunities include a short term horizon (1-5 years) which is more closely aligned with our financial, going concern and viability statement assessments. In addition, the medium-term (10-15 years) and long-term timeframes (30 years) look beyond traditional assessments to provide a strategic view of our risks in line with our own SBT and international climate scenarios and targets.
Our progress against our climate targets and Journey to Tomorrow strategy will strengthen our ability to mitigate the impacts of these risks, as well as seize the climate-related opportunities available to us (outlined in the table adjacent). Due to significant challenges and uncertainty in the data associated with our identified risks and opportunities, we are not yet able to fully quantify the impacts within our financial planning processes. However, external forecasts for RevPAR do not show any slow-down in the medium-term as a result of climate change. We continue to refine our work and improve data capture to enable quantification at some point in future and are focused on monitoring how our climate-related risks and opportunities evolve and ensuring they are integrated into our business strategy.
Scenario analysis assumptions
Last year, we performed scenario analysis under 2°C and 4°C temperature rise scenarios to assess our exposure to physical and transition risks up to 2050. This year, we have added to our scenario analysis by assessing our three transition risks under a 1.5°C temperature scenario to align with our SBT.
The refreshed analysis has altered the timeframes of our transition risks. The first risk outlined in the table on page 60, which focuses on our inability to meet stakeholders expectations in the energy transition, has become potentially material in the short-term (1-5 years) under 1.5°C, compared to in the medium-term (5-10 years) under a 2°C temperature scenario, whereas the second risk of reduced aviation travel demand has moved from being potentially material in the medium- to long-term (10-30 years) to potentially material in the long-term (15-30 years). Changes to the underlying assumptions has meant that despite moving from a 2°C to 1.5°C temperature scenario, reduced demand for aviation is expected to have a lower impact in the short- to medium-term (1-15 years). The third and final transition risk relating to an increase in demand for green hotels has become potentially material in the short-term under a 4°C temperature scenario, due to a change in underlying assumptions to reflect greater anticipated action on decarbonisation and sustainable behaviours from corporate customers. As the physical risks related to climate change would become less likely under a lower temperature scenario, we have not re-run the analysis for physical risks.
| • | Physical risks – To assess potential impacts, we have aligned the temperature rise scenarios used in our scenario analysis with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). |
| • | Transition risks – To assess potential impacts, we have based our analysis on the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis’ (IIASA) Shared socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to capture how societal, economic and technological trends could evolve over time. |
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Climate-related opportunities
Summary of physical risks
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Progress towards mitigation in 2022
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Next steps to mitigate risk
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| Loss of franchise royalty fees following natural disasters | Long-term (15-30 years)
Potentially minor impact |
In 2021, we conducted scenario analysis of acute physical risks (i.e. natural disasters) which identified historical losses of franchise revenue following natural disasters to be a potential risk. To understand this risk better, in 2022 we modelled the financial impact of a sample of past events which were significant enough to require IHG to provide disaster relief support, and this showed there was no material impact on IHG’s revenue at the country level.
We have mapped acute physical risks (i.e. natural disasters) at the regional level to assess which areas are exposed to the greatest threat. We have used the WRI Aqueduct Atlas to map out our water risk for all hotel locations, making a baseline dataset to inform future work.
We continue to provide support following natural disasters through our humanitarian aid partners as well as through access to IHG colleague assistance funds and natural disaster playbooks (see page 30 of our Responsible Business Report for more details).
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Evolve our physical climate-related risk assessment to look at the impact of both acute and chronic physical risks (such as longer-term weather pattern changes) on IHG directly but also for our franchise owners, particularly improving our understanding of the impact of chronic physical risks.
Conduct more detailed analysis to establish which hotels are in areas of high exposure to both acute and chronic physical risks and how this is likely to change under three climate scenarios to 2030 and 2050. Identify hotels most at risk and the potential impacts to our supply chain.
Use findings to assess how we can support hotels to mitigate climate risks and future-proof their assets. Identifying potentially at-risk locations will enable us to drive climate adaptation and mitigation measures to help reduce the impact of material physical risks to our owners, colleagues and guests.
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Impact |
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| The likelihood of extreme weather damaging our assets is expected to increase over time as temperatures rise, in particular under a 4°C scenario. This could lead to our hotels having to limit their capacity or close, reducing their revenues and the amount of royalty fees received at Group level, as well as potentially reducing the attractiveness of the hotel industry to owners in certain locations.
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| Delivering on the recommendations of TCFD | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 59 |
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Strategic Report
Delivering on the
recommendations of TCFD continued
Summary of transition risks
| 60 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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| Carbon pricing We have also conducted a carbon price exposure assessment to help us understand our potential exposure to carbon pricing legislation. This assessment looked at our existing GHG emissions and how they could change over time, and applied a projected carbon price under a 1.5°C scenario to quantify the potential financial exposure we could face both at Group level and at the individual hotel level. We have considered opportunities for us to use internal carbon prices through different mechanisms already available in the business to ensure such a measure can be
|
effectively embedded into our business to influence decision-making at every level, including informing the decisions of our owners. We have also developed a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to ensure the internal price we set on carbon is enough to support us in achieving the decarbonisation needed to meet our ambitious 1.5°C SBT. The outputs of this work will help to inform the best way to implement an internal price on carbon and will be used to drive action across our business by investigating how various GHG reduction initiatives could deliver financial benefit by mitigating the risks associated with carbon pricing.
| |
Metrics and targets
To help us to monitor and track progress against our climate commitments, we are developing metrics and targets to align with the TCFD’s recommendations.
We use the GHG Protocol for our GHG accounting and report in line with the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). Where our metrics and targets are still in progress, we have provided detail in the below table on our ongoing work to develop them for disclosure in future reporting.
| TCFD cross-industry metric category | Our approach | |||||
| GHG emissions | Target | |||||
| Our SBT: to reduce absolute GHG emissions from our Scope 1 and 2, and Scope 3 emissions from our fuel and energy-related activities (FERA) and franchise estate by 46% by 2030 from a 2019 base year.
Metric | ||||||
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|
See pages 237 to 239 for our absolute Scope 1, 2 and 3 (from FERA and franchise) GHG emissions | |||||
| Transition risks | We completed scenario analysis in 2021 and identified which transition risks are more likely to have a material impact on our business relative to physical risks. During 2022, we refreshed our scenario analysis to investigate our most material climate-related risks under a 1.5°C scenario (see section Climate risk-management and strategy on pages 58-60 for more details). | |||||
| Physical risks | Our business model helps to protect us from physical risk exposure due to our asset-light and geographically diverse structure. However, we have performed initial analysis and are improving data collection methods to continually monitor physical risks over time (see pages 59-60 for more details). | |||||
| Climate-related opportunities | We have identified climate-related opportunities including energy efficiency and a consequent reduction in energy costs to our owners that are supported by our energy reduction metrics and targets (see pages 58 and 59 for more details). | |||||
| Capital deployment | We are continuing to use tools such as Green Engage to collect data and the HERO tool to analyse and inform data-driven decisions across our portfolio. These will help us and our hotel owners to better understand the expected cost associated with delivering on our decarbonisation ambitions over time. This is likely to be the biggest climate-related requirement for capital deployment for IHG and our owners. | |||||
| Internal carbon prices | We have engaged with third-party experts to identify and assess the most appropriate ways to incentivise decarbonisation across our portfolio of hotels using an internal carbon price (see section above on carbon pricing for more details). | |||||
| Remuneration | The 2023-2025 cycle for LTIP will include a new ESG measure, part of which will be targets related to decarbonisation actions. | |||||
| Delivering on the recommendations of TCFD | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 61 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Key performance indicators (KPIs)
|
ur KPIs are carefully selected to allow us to monitor the delivery of our strategy and long-term success. They are organised around our strategy, which articulates our purpose, ambition and priorities | |
| (see page 18). KPIs are reviewed annually by senior management to ensure continued alignment to our strategy and are included in internal reporting and regularly monitored. | ||
Measures included are those considered most relevant in assessing the performance of the business and relate to our growth agenda and commitment to our key stakeholders including owners, guests, employees, shareholders and the communities in which we work. KPIs should be read in conjunction with the other sections of the Strategic Report, and where applicable, references to specific relevant topics are noted against each KPI.
| KPIs | 2022 status and 2023 priorities | |||||
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| Net rooms supply Net total number of rooms in the IHG System.
Increasing our rooms supply provides significant advantages of scale, including increasing the value of our loyalty programme. This measure is a key indicator of achievement of our growth agenda (see page 18).
|
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2022 status Net system size growth of 3.6% included 12,402 rooms opened as Iberostar Beachfront Resorts; adjusted net system size growth of 4.3% excludes the impact of ceasing operations in Russia. Gross system size growth was 5.6%; 4.2% excluding the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts additions.
Signings of 80,338 rooms (467 hotels) represented 16.7% growth on the prior year but was below pre-pandemic levels and particularly impacted by Covid-19 restrictions in Greater China. Total pipeline of 281,468 rooms increased by 3.9% compared to 2021, with more than 40% under construction.
Overall performance was driven by:
• Continued strength of the Holiday Inn Brand Family with 20,265 rooms opened and 23,056 rooms signed, representing nearly 30% of our rooms signings.
• 18,467 rooms signed for Iberostar Beachfront Resorts taking the total number of brands to 18.
• Progression with our Luxury & Lifestyle portfolio to 13% of system size and 20% of pipeline.
• Further growth of our recently launched brands with:
– The continued global expansion of voco to around 100 open and signed hotels since the launch in 2018, across 29 countries.
– Opened the first two Atwell Suites and grew the pipeline to 30 hotels.
– Since the launch of Vignette Collection in 2021, 17 properties secured.
– avid hotels has nearly 60 hotels open, and there are more than 140 further properties in the pipeline, as we develop avid hotels to be our next brand of scale.
2023 priorities • Focus on our ambition to deliver industry-leading growth in our scale, with leading brands in the largest markets and segments.
• Scaling our home-grown brands; expand the growth of avid hotels and Atwell Suites in the Americas and voco and Vignette Collection globally.
• Expand our Luxury & Lifestyle offer through acquired brands Regent, Six Senses and Kimpton, and our recently launched Vignette Collection.
• Continue to explore further opportunities for growth through other commercial agreements. | ||||
| Signings Gross total number of rooms added to the IHG pipeline.
Continued signings secure the future growth of our system and continued efficiencies of scale. Signings indicate our ability to deliver sustained growth (see page 18). |
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| 62 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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| KPIs | 2022 status and 2023 priorities | |||||
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| Global RevPARb growth Revenue per available room: rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights that are available.
RevPAR growth indicates the increased value guests ascribe to our brands in the markets in which we operate and is a key measure widely used in our industry (see page 8). Definition of this key performance measure can be found on page 85. |
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2022 status • Strong growth in 2022 took RevPARb to 97% of 2019 levels. This was driven by continued leisure strength supported by improvement in corporate and group bookings. The US and UK saw RevPARb exceed 2019 performance, while other markets improved as travel restrictions eased.
• Through 2022 we have remained committed to supporting our owners to optimise revenues as we:
– Launched a next-generation IHG mobile app to make it the platform of choice for IHG One Rewards members; optimised web and mobile booking to drive a better guest experience and improve conversion and direct bookings.
– Differentiated our brands by continuing to focus on quality, design and innovation to meet evolving needs of guests and drive guest satisfaction while optimising for owner returns.
– Simplified our pricing by reducing the number of available rates and introduced Advance Saver rate.
– Optimised revenue by combining rooms and rates pages, simplifying pricing approach and reducing the number of clicks to book across all brands and booking channels.
– Reduced pricing disparities and increased consumer confidence to book directly by consolidation of wholesale suppliers with one key supplier.
– Enhanced revenue management systems to quickly identify and act on revenue opportunities using business intelligence and data.
– Improved rate negotiations on behalf of our owners using IHG’s centralised RFP processes, with more than 2,900 hotels now using the service.
– Amplified data-driven, targeted campaigns and offers to appeal to our largest, fastest-growing and highest-value segments.
• Enterprise contribution improved to 77% in 2022, driven by robust growth in both digital and OTA channels on strong leisure demand. Digital channels benefitted from the relaunch of the mobile app and design enhancements on the website, leading to improved conversion rates. GDS was also a driver of enterprise contribution growth as corporate demand showed steady improvement through the year.
• Fully re-envisioned the loyalty programme and mobile app by reimagining every touchpoint to transform the guest and owner proposition, contributing to an acceleration in IHG One Rewards member enrolments and increased conversion rate.
• Launched Guest How You Guest, the largest campaign in a decade, to drive awareness of the IHG Hotels & Resorts masterbrand, the launch of IHG One Rewards, and our portfolio of brands.
2023 priorities • Lead with our data-driven insights, including mobile and AI, to unlock opportunities and drive revenue-enhancing activities by digitising more areas of end-to-end self-service and enabling guests to own their booking experience.
• Leverage enhanced global reservations system (GRS) capabilities to deliver attribute pricing and stay enhancements, maximising revenue generation to owners by leveraging the unique attributes of their inventory.
• Continue to develop our digital-first approach, leveraging cloud-based technology to help owners and hotel colleagues better understand and drive the business.
• Further expand and strengthen our IHG Hotels & Resorts masterbrand to better promote our portfolio of brands.
• Build on the 2022 relaunch of IHG One Rewards to drive innovation and support the growth and engagement of loyalty members, staying competitive in a dynamic market.
• Continue to increase contribution from IHG One Rewards members and optimise our mobile and web channels to drive direct bookings.
• Drive groups and meetings revenue by continuing to expand our third-party agency and technology partnerships to enable our property sales teams to increase existing and acquire new business. | ||||
| Growth in underlying fee revenuesa Group revenue from reportable segments excluding revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, significant liquidated damages and current year acquisitions, stated at constant currency.
Underlying fee revenue growth demonstrates the continued attractiveness to owners and guests of IHG’s franchised and managed business (see page 11). |
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| Total gross revenue from hotels in IHG’s System Total rooms revenue from franchised hotels and total hotel revenue from managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Other than for owned, leased and managed lease hotels, it is not revenue wholly attributable to IHG, as it is mainly derived from hotels owned by third parties.
The growth in gross revenue from IHG’s System illustrates the value of our overall System to our owners (see page 11). Definition of this key performance measure can be found on page 85. |
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| Enterprise contribution to revenue The percentage of room revenue booked through IHG managed channels and sources: direct via our websites, apps and call centres; through our interfaces with Global Distribution Systems (GDS) and agreements with Online Travel Agencies (OTAs); other distribution partners directly connected to our reservation system; and Global Sales Office business or IHG One Reward members that book directly at a hotel.
Enterprise contribution is one indicator of IHG value-add and the success of our technology platforms and our marketing, sales and loyalty distribution channels (see page 11). |
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| a | Use of Non-GAAP measures: In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures can be found on pages 85 to 88, and reconciliations to IFRS figures, where they have been adjusted, are on pages 226 to 232. |
| b | Comparable RevPAR includes the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19. |
| Key performance indicators (KPIs) | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 63 |
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Strategic Report
Key performance indicators (KPIs) continued
| KPIs | 2022 status and 2023 priorities | |||||
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| Guest Love IHG’s guest satisfaction measurement indicator.
Guest satisfaction is fundamental to our continued success and is a key measure to monitor our ability to deliver an experience that meets and exceeds guests’ expectations (see page 50 for details). |
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2022 status • Guest satisfaction of 78.6% dropped slightly compared to 2021 reflecting challenges such as labour shortages as the industry continues to recover from Covid-19 impacts.
• Externally measured Guest Satisfaction Index (GSI) achieved scores above 100 in 2022 (meaning we outperformed our competitors) on improvements in our online social ratings from guests and the travel community.
• Continued efforts to ensure a consistent high-quality experience for each of our brands, including improvements in food & beverage, hotel condition and service.
• Launched a new mobile app to support guests with desired digital experiences.
• Rolled out the new loyalty programme, IHG One Rewards, with extensive in-hotel training to deliver upgraded loyalty experience.
2023 priorities • Maintain a high focus on guest satisfaction across our entire portfolio with particular emphasis on quality and service standards.
• Continue to invest in brands, including service, brand hallmarks and food & beverage.
• Continue to invest in digital experiences to enhance the guest journey from booking through check-out. | ||||
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| Fee margina Operating profit as a percentage of revenue, excluding System Fund, reimbursement of costs, revenue and operating profit from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, significant liquidated damages, the results of the Group’s captive insurance company and exceptional items.
Our fee margin progression indicates the profitability of our fee revenue growth and benefit of our asset-light business model (see page 10). |
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2022 status • Strong recovery in trading taking fee revenue to 4% below 2019 levels, combined with disciplined cost management and sustainable savings embedded through 2020 and 2021 resulted in a fee margin of 56.2%, 2.1%pts above 2019 levels.
2023 priorities • Continue to be agile and thoughtfully reinvest in the business to drive growth, continuing to expand margin over the long term.
• Achieve further operational efficiencies through greater application of technology and process enhancements. | ||||
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| Adjusted free cash flowa Cash flow from operating activities excluding payments of contingent purchase consideration, less purchase of shares by employee share trusts, maintenance capital expenditure and lease payments.
Adjusted free cash flow provides funds to invest in the business, sustainably grow the dividend and return any surplus to shareholders (see page 12). It is a key component in measuring the ongoing viability of our business (see page 52). |
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2022 status • Adjusted free cash flowa was an inflow of $565m, consistent with the prior year driven by an improvement in operating profit from reportable segmentsa offset by tax paid and other working capital movements. Closing liquidity was $2,224m.
2023 priorities • Deliver consistent, sustained growth in cash flow.
• Control capital deployment in line with business priorities. | ||||
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| a | Use of Non-GAAP measures: In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures can be found on pages 85 to 88, and reconciliations to IFRS figures, where they have been adjusted, are on pages 226 to 232. |
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| KPIs | 2022 status and 2023 priorities | |||||
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| Employee engagement survey scores Colleague HeartBeat survey, completed by IHG employees or those colleagues who are employed at managed or managed lease hotels (excluding our joint ventures).
We measure employee engagement to monitor risks relating to talent (see page 50) and to help us understand the issues that are relevant to our people as we build a diverse and inclusive culture (see page 29). |
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2022 status • In 2022, the score of 86% improved on last year and was 8% higher than external benchmarks.
• Prioritised employee development and retention activities:
– Rolled out a new Leadership Development offering for directors and managers and finalised a programme for senior leaders.
– Launched a new learning technology platform to support the rollout of an enhanced learning offering and a new learning subscription model, capable of supporting more personalised development opportunities.
• Delivered on diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) initiatives:
– Extended our conscious inclusion training to additional frontline colleagues.
––Expanded our Employee Resource Groups (ERG) membership and presence globally.
– Further raised our representation of diverse leaders across our Senior Leadership populations.
• Continued to focus on employee wellbeing:
– Established regular touchpoints to encourage employees to take care of their mental health.
– Marked World Mental Health Day with global webinars and a video series.
• Invested in HR systems including our Talent Attraction capabilities with the relaunch of an updated Employer Value Proposition, refreshed our careers site and increased social and paid media activities.
2023 priorities • Continue to build an inclusive culture and maintain a strong focus on increasing the diversity of our leadership and talent pipelines.
• Focus on enabling effective decision-making to support organisational agility and driving change.
• Roll out the Senior Leadership development strategy, focusing on the growth of our top leaders.
• Continue to focus on technology to enable better infrastructure and create digital advantage. | ||||
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| IHG® Academy Number of people participating in IHG Academy programmes.
Sustained participation in the IHG Academy indicates the strength of our progress in creating career building opportunities and engagement with the communities in which we operate (see page 33). |
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2022 status • Completed global release of IHG Skills Academy, a virtual learning platform, offering both the system and core content in multiple languages.
• Increased the number of IHG Skills Academy users and partnerships.
• Internships and work experience placements across hotels and corporate functions, utilising both in-house experiences and virtual solutions.
2023 priorities • Increase the number of internships and work experiences through IHG Academy compared to 2022.
• Update and re-communicate the IHG Academy offering to hotel and corporate functions, and on the IHG Skills Academy activation within their local communities.
• Raise awareness of IHG Skills Academy to increase skills training opportunities and maximise IHG Academy participants. | ||||
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| Absolute carbon footprint Our global carbon reduction target is to reduce GHG emissions by 46% by 2030 across our Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, and our Scope 3 GHG emissions covering both our FERA and franchise estate, based on our 2019 carbon footprint (see pages 61 and 237 for further information).
This target has been validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) as being consistent with climate science and the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, helping to prevent the worst impacts of climate change. We work with our hotels to drive energy efficiency and carbon reductions across our estate and deliver our target. |
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2022 status • At the end of 2022, our absolute carbon footprint reduced by 3.4% against our 2019 baseline, driven by our targeted work with owners to maximise energy efficiency as hotel demand recovers from Covid-19-related impacts.
• To facilitate progress we have set new energy-efficiency targets for all hotels and introduced a range of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) into brand standards, for implementation by the end of 2025.
2023 priorities • Continue to roll out our decarbonisation roadmap focusing on energy-efficiency measures in the existing estate, transitioning to renewable energy and operating very low/zero-carbon new-build hotels.
• We are developing a suite of further ECMs for both existing and new-build hotels, which are expected to deliver future energy reductions. Our Long Term Incentive Plan for the 2023-25 cycle will include a new ESG measure, with targets related to decarbonisation actions. | ||||
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| Key performance indicators (KPIs) | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 65 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report Officer’ Chief Financial s review Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Chief Financial Officer and In the profitability second half cash pre-pandemic generation levels returns to n 2022 we saw demand continue to return in most of our markets which, Ialongside strong pricing, led to Group RevPARa being back close to 2019 levels and fee marginb ahead. In the second half of the year, we exceeded 2019 levels of both RevPARa and profitability through disciplined cost management and targeted investments to support growth. Trading performance The investments we have made in our enterprise platform helped our owners to capture demand and grow their business, resulting in RevPARa recovering to 97% of 2019 levels. Trading improved sequentially in each quarter of 2022 such that by the fourth quarter, RevPARa was 4% ahead of 2019, supported by continued strong leisure demand and the steady increase in business and group travel. Regional performance varied, with Americas RevPARa ahead of 2019 levels, EMEAA experiencing a strong recovery as travel restrictions eased through the year and trading in Greater China fluctuating due to intermittent Covid-19-related travel restrictions. We worked closely with our owners to optimise staffing and to control costs through the challenges of a rapid recovery of demand in many markets in an environment of high inflation. System growth Gross system growth of 5.6%, or 4.2% excluding openings under the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand, demonstrates the significant strengthening of our brand portfolio over the past five years. Adjusted net system size growth of 4.3% (2.9% excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts), which excludes the removals related to our exit from Russia, demonstrates an ongoing commitment to quality and consistency across our brands. Operating profit Operating profit of $628m improved from $494m in 2021. Operating profit from reportable segmentsb recovered to $828m, up 55% on 2021. The recovery in revenue combined with our disciplined approach to cost management has resulted in fee marginb of 56.2%, 2.1%pts above 2019. We achieved this while continuing to invest, including in infrastructure to support Luxury & Lifestyle as we increase exposure to this high fee income segment, enhancing core HR systems and beginning the integration of Iberostar Beachfront Resorts. Cash generation and liquidity We generated net cash from operating activities of $646m and adjusted free cash flowb of $565m, broadly in line with 2021. Through the year, we paid $233m in ordinary dividends and $482m related to share buybacks. By the end of the year, our net debt: adjusted EBITDAb ratio reduced to 2.1x, beneath the 2.5-3.0x range we aim to maintain. We also strengthened the Group’s liquidity position by entering into a new $1.35bn syndicated bank revolving credit facility in April. After reinstating dividends for 2021, and shareholder returns in 2022, the Board has proposed a final dividend of 94.5¢, +10% vs 2021, taking the total dividend for the year to 138.4¢. The Board has also proposed a further share buyback programme to return an additional $750m to shareholders. Our uses of cash remain unchanged: ensuring the business is appropriately invested in to optimise growth; funding a sustainably growing dividend; and then returning excess funds to shareholders. Future growth and 2023 priorities While there are economic uncertainties heading into 2023, we expect the further return of business and group travel along with continued strength in leisure demand. We continue to prioritise investment across our own resources, and those of the System Fund, to deliver on our ambition. The 1,800 hotels in our pipeline represent future growth of over 30% of today’s system size. We will continue our multi-year investment behind our brand portfolio, loyalty programme and revenue-generating technology platforms and remain focused on improving returns for owners through demand delivery and operational efficiencies, while managing the pressure of underlying cost inflation and achieving our sustainability targets. We look forward with confidence with a proven business model delivering strong cash generation that is funding a sustainably growing ordinary dividend and additional returns to shareholders. Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Chief Financial Officer & Group Head of Strategy a Comparable RevPAR includes the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19. b Use of Non-GAAP measures: In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as figures Non-GAAP) . Further are presented explanation that in relation are used to internally these measures by management can be found as key on measures pages 85 to to assess 88, and performance reconciliations . Non to- GAAP IFRS figures, measures where are they either have not been defined adjusted, under IFRS are on or pages are adjusted 226 to IFRS 232.
Table of Contents
Performance
Group
Group Income Statement summary
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 vs 2021 % change |
2020 $m |
2021 vs 2020 % change |
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| Revenuea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | 1,005 | 774 | 29.8 | 512 | 51.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EMEAA | 552 | 303 | 82.2 | 221 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater China | 87 | 116 | (25.0 | ) | 77 | 50.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | 199 | 197 | 1.0 | 182 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from reportable segmentsb | 1,843 | 1,390 | 32.6 | 992 | 40.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System Fund revenues | 1,217 | 928 | 31.1 | 765 | 21.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of costs | 832 | 589 | 41.3 | 637 | (7.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 3,892 | 2,907 | 33.9 | 2,394 | 21.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profita | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | 761 | 559 | 36.1 | 296 | 88.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EMEAA | 152 | 5 | NMC | (50 | ) | NMC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater China | 23 | 58 | (60.3 | ) | 35 | 65.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | (108 | ) | (88 | ) | 22.7 | (62 | ) | 41.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit from reportable segmentsb | 828 | 534 | 55.1 | 219 | 143.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed as: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business excluding Central |
917 | 658 | 39.4 | 340 | 93.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease |
19 | (36 | ) | NMC | (59 | ) | (39.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central |
(108 | ) | (88 | ) | 22.7 | (62 | ) | 41.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System Fund result | (105 | ) | (11 | ) | 854.5 | (102 | ) | (89.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit before exceptional items | 723 | 523 | 38.2 | 117 | 347.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | (95 | ) | (29 | ) | 227.6 | (270 | ) | (89.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit/(loss) | 628 | 494 | 27.1 | (153 | ) | NMC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net financial expenses | (96 | ) | (139 | ) | (30.9 | ) | (140 | ) | (0.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed as: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted interest expenseb |
(122 | ) | (142 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (130 | ) | 9.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System Fund interest |
16 | 3 | 433.3 | 4 | (25.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exceptional financial expenses |
– | – | – | (14 | ) | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains |
10 | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration | 8 | 6 | 33.3 | 13 | (53.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 540 | 361 | 49.6 | (280 | ) | NMC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax | (164 | ) | (96 | ) | 70.8 | 20 | NMC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed as: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax before exceptional items, foreign exchange gains and System Fundb |
(194 | ) | (125 | ) | 55.2 | (32 | ) | 290.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax on foreign exchange gains |
4 | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax on exceptional items and exceptional tax |
26 | 29 | (10.3 | ) | 52 | (44.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Profit/(loss) | 376 | 265 | 41.9 | (260 | ) | NMC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted earningsd | 511 | 269 | 90.0 | 57 | 371.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | 181 | 183 | (1.1 | ) | 182 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings/(loss) per ordinary share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 207.2¢ | 145.4¢ | 42.5 | (142.9)¢ | NMC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustedb | 282.3¢ | 147.0¢ | 92.1 | 31.3¢ | 369.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend per share | 138.4¢ | 85.9¢ | 61.1 | –¢ | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average US dollar to sterling exchange rate | $1: £0.81 | $1: £0.73 | 11.0 | $1 £0.78 | (6.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Americas and EMEAA include revenue and operating profit before exceptional items from both fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Greater China includes revenue and operating profit before exceptional items from fee business. |
| b | Definitions for non-GAAP measures can be found in the Use of key performance measures and non-GAAP measures section along with reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements which can be found on pages 226 to 232. |
| c | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
| d | Adjusted earnings as used with adjusted earnings per share, a non-GAAP measure. |
| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 67 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Group continued
Highlights for the year ended
31 December 2022
Trading improved in each quarter of 2022, with Group comparable RevPARa exceeding pre-pandemic levels in the third and fourth quarters alongside the continued lifting of Covid-19-related travel restrictions. Both the Americas and EMEAA saw strong sequential improvement, and full year RevPARa exceeded pre-pandemic levels in the US and UK. Trading continued to be driven by strong leisure demand, which was supported by improvement in both corporate and group bookings in the second half of the year. Greater China remained impacted by localised travel restrictions for much of the year.
Revenue
Group comparable RevPARa improved year-on-year by 60.8% in the first quarter, then grew 43.9% in the second quarter, 27.8% in the third quarter, 25.6% in the fourth quarter and 36.6% in the full year. When compared to the pre-pandemic levels of 2019, Group comparable RevPARa declined 17.7% in the first quarter and 4.5% in the second quarter, then grew 2.7% in the third quarter and 4.1% in the fourth quarter, with the full year 3.3% below 2019. Overall, average daily rate strengthened to 8.2% ahead of 2019 and occupancy continued to recover to 7.4%pts below 2019 levels.
Our other key driver of revenue, net system size, increased by 3.6% year-on-year to 911.6k rooms, impacted by the removal of 6.5k rooms in the first half of the year relating to the ceasing of operations in Russia. Adjusting for this, net system size increased 4.3%.
Total revenue increased by $985m (33.9%) to $3,892m, including a $243m increase in cost reimbursement revenue. Revenue from reportable segmentsb increased by $453m (32.6%) to $1,843m, driven by the improved trading conditions. Underlying revenueb increased by $509m to $1,817m, with underlying fee revenueb increasing by $317m. Owned, leased and managed lease revenue increased by $157m.
Operating profit and margin
Operating profit improved by $134m from $494m to $628m, including a $66m increase in charges from operating exceptional items and a $94m increase in the reported System Fund loss.
Operating profit from reportable segmentsb increased by $294m (55.1%) to $828m, with fee business operating profit increasing by $239m (41.9%) to $809m, due to the improvement in trading which drove a $41m increase in incentive management fees to $103m. Owned, leased and managed lease operating profit improved from a $36m loss to a $19m profit on continued growth in Americas and EMEAA. Underlying operating profitb increased by $282m (52.5%) to $819m.
Fee marginb increased by 6.6%pts over the prior year (2.1%pts above 2019) to 56.2% benefitting from the improvement in trading and ongoing disciplined cost management, including sustaining $75m of the cost savings achieved in 2021.
The impact of the movement in average USD exchange rates for 2021 compared to 2022 netted to a nil impact on operating profit from reportable segmentsb when calculated as restating 2021 figures at 2022 exchange rates, but negatively impacted operating profit from reportable segmentsb by $17m when applying 2021 rates to 2022 figures. This difference is due to high growth in non-US dollar markets in 2022, meaning that 2022 operating profit from reportable segments would be $17m higher if foreign exchange rates had remained constant with 2021.
If the average exchange rate during January 2023 had existed throughout 2022, the 2022 operating profit from reportable segmentsb would have been $9m lower.
System Fund
The Group operates a System Fund to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for the specific purpose of use in marketing, reservations and the Group’s loyalty programme, IHG One Rewards. The System Fund also benefits from proceeds from the sale of loyalty points under third-party co-branding arrangements. The Fund is not managed to generate a surplus or deficit for IHG over the longer term, but is managed for the benefit of hotels in the IHG system with the objective of driving revenues for the hotels in the system.
In the year to 31 December 2022, System Fund revenues increased $289m (31.1%) to $1,217m, primarily driven by the continued recovery in travel demand yielding higher assessment revenues.
The growth in the IHG One Rewards programme means that, although assessments are received from hotels up front when a member earns points, more revenue is deferred each year than is recognised in the System Fund. This can lead to accounting losses in the System Fund each year as the deferred revenue balance grows which do not necessarily reflect the Fund’s cash position and the Group’s capacity to invest.
The reported System Fund loss increased by $94m to $105m, reflecting increased investments in consumer marketing, loyalty and direct channels, largely driven by the re-launch of the Group’s loyalty programme and higher levels of Reward Night redemptions, which offset the increase in assessment income.
Reimbursement of costs
Cost reimbursement revenue represents reimbursements of expenses incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties and relates, predominantly, to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer. As we record cost reimbursements based upon costs incurred with no added mark-up, this revenue and related expenses have no impact on either our operating profit or net profit for the year.
In the year to 31 December 2022, reimbursable revenue increased by $243m (41.3%) to $832m. Over 90% of the increase was in the US and Canada reflecting the overall recovery in trading conditions.
Operating exceptional items
Exceptional items are identified by virtue of their size, nature or incidence and are excluded from the calculation of adjusted earnings per ordinary shareb as well as other Non-GAAP measures (see Use of Non-GAAP measures, pages 226 to 232) in order to allow a better understanding of the underlying trading performance and trends of the Group and its reportable segments. Examples of exceptional items can include, but are not restricted to, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, impairment charges and reversals, the costs of individually significant legal cases or commercial disputes and reorganisation costs.
Operating exceptional items totalled a charge of $95m, driven by the following items:
| • | the costs and impairment charges of ceasing operations in Russia ($17m); |
| • | commercial litigation and disputes ($28m); |
| • | impairment reversals ($22m) reflecting improved trading conditions in both the Americas and EMEAA regions; |
| • | impairment charges ($12m) relating to one hotel in the EMEAA region; and |
| • | shares of losses from the Barclay associate ($60m) arising from an allocation of expenses in excess of the Group’s percentage share. |
Further information on exceptional items can be found in note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.
| a | Comparable RevPAR includes the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19. |
| b | Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 85 to 88. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 226 to 232. |
| 68 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
| Net financial expenses Net financial expenses decreased to $96m from $139m. Adjusted interestb, as reconciled on page 231, and which excludes exceptional finance expenses and foreign exchange gains and adds back interest relating to the System Fund, decreased by $20m to an expense of $122m. The decrease in adjusted interestb was primarily driven by favourable impacts of FX rates on the sterling bonds and an increase in interest received on deposits, offset by an increase in interest payable to the System Fund.
Financial expenses include $82m (2021: $91m) of total interest costs on public bonds, which are fixed rate debt. Interest expense on lease liabilities was $29m (2021: $29m).
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration Contingent purchase consideration arose on the acquisition of Regent. The gain of $8m (2021: $6m of which $1m related to Regent and $5m to contingent consideration no longer payable) relates to a favourable movement in the bond rates used in the valuation. The total contingent purchase consideration liability at 31 December 2022 is $65m (31 December 2021: $73m).
Taxation The effective rate of tax on profit before exceptional items, foreign exchange gains and System Funda was 27% (2021: 31%); this was lower than 2021 largely due to the improved profit base. An overall $26m tax credit ($33m current tax credit and a $7m deferred tax charge) arose in respect of exceptional items (2021: $29m credit). Further information on tax within exceptional items can be found in note 6 to the Group Financial Statements. Net tax paid in 2022 totalled $211m (2021: $86m); the 2021 comparative included $15m of tax refunds, of which there were none in 2022. The Group continued to recognise significant deferred tax assets of $109m (2021: $127m) in the UK in respect of revenue losses and other temporary differences. Further information on tax can be found in note 8 to the Group Financial Statements. |
|
IHG pursues an approach to tax that is consistent with its business strategy and its overall business conduct principles. The approach seeks to ensure full compliance with all tax filing, payment and reporting obligations on the basis of communicative and transparent relationships with tax authorities. The IHG Audit Committee reviews IHG’s approach to tax annually, including consideration of the Group’s current tax profile. Further information on tax can be found in note 8 to the Group Financial Statements.
Earnings per ordinary share The Group’s basic earnings per ordinary share is 207.2¢ (2021: 145.4¢). Adjusted earnings per ordinary sharea increased by 135.3¢ to 282.3¢.
Dividends and returns The Board is proposing a final dividend of 94.5¢ in respect of 2022, which is growth of 10% on 2021. An interim dividend of 43.9¢ was resumed and paid in October 2022. The total dividend for the year would therefore be 138.4¢, representing an increase of 61% as no interim dividend was paid in 2021. The ex-dividend date is Thursday 30 March 2023 and the Record Date is Friday 31 March. The corresponding dividend amount in Pence Sterling per ordinary share will be announced on 26 April 2023, calculated based on the average of the market exchange rates for the three working days commencing 21 April 2023. Subject to shareholder approval at the AGM on Friday 5 May 2023, the dividend will be paid on Tuesday 16 May 2023.
The dividend payments for 2022 will have returned close to $250m to IHG’s shareholders. An additional $500m of surplus capital was returned to shareholders through a share buyback programme that concluded in January 2023. This repurchased 9,272,994 shares at an average price of £46.57 per share and reduced the total number of voting rights in the Company by 5.0%.
The Board has also announced a further share buyback programme to return an additional $750m to shareholders in 2023. | ||
| Share price and market capitalisation The IHG share price closed at £47.44 on Friday 30 December 2022, down 0.8% from £47.81 on 31 December 2021. The market capitalisation of the Group at the year-end was £8.3bn.
|
| For discussion of 2021 results, and the changes compared to 2020, refer to the 2021 Annual Report and Form 20-F.
|
| a Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 85 to 88. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 226 to 232.
|
| Accounting principles The Group results are prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The application of IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions, and those considered critical to the preparation of the Group results are set out on page 158 of the Group Financial Statements.
The Group discloses certain financial information both including and excluding exceptional items. For comparability of the periods presented, some of the performance indicators in this performance review are calculated after eliminating these exceptional items. An analysis of exceptional items is included in note 6 on page 175 to 178 of the Group Financial Statements.
|
| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 69 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Group continued
Adjusted EBITDAb reconciliation
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m re-presenteda |
2022 vs 2021 $m change |
2020 $m re-presenteda |
2021 vs 2020 $m change | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operations | 961 | 848 | 308 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows relating to exceptional items | 43 | 12 | 87 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss on financial assets | (5) | – | (40) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash adjustments to operating profit/lossc | (61) | (71) | (60) | |||||||||||||||||
| System Fund result | 105 | 11 | 102 | |||||||||||||||||
| System Fund depreciation and amortisation | (86) | (94) | (62) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash adjustments to System Fund result | (24) | (6) | (97) | |||||||||||||||||
| Working capital and other adjustments | (101) | (110) | 27 | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: contract acquisition costs (key money), net of repayments | 64 | 42 | 64 | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDAb | 896 | 632 | 264 | 329 | 303 | |||||||||||||||
Group Cash Flow summary
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 vs 2021 $m change |
2020 $m |
2021 vs 2020 $m change | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDAb | 896 | 632 | 264 | 329 | 303 | |||||||||||||||
| Working capital and other adjustments | 101 | 110 | (27) | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss on financial assets | 5 | – | 40 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash adjustments to operating profit/lossc | 61 | 71 | 60 | |||||||||||||||||
| System Fund result | (105) | (11) | (102) | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash adjustments to System Fund result | 110 | 100 | 159 | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: contract acquisition costs (key money) net of repayments | (64) | (42) | (64) | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: maintenance | (44) | (33) | (43) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows relating to exceptional items | (43) | (12) | (87) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest paid | (104) | (126) | (130) | |||||||||||||||||
| Tax paid | (211) | (86) | (41) | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal element of lease payments | (36) | (32) | (65) | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of shares | (1) | – | – | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted free cash flowb | 565 | 571 | (6) | 29 | 542 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: gross recyclable investments | (15) | (5) | (6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: gross System Fund capital investments | (35) | (19) | (35) | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred purchase consideration paid | – | (13) | – | |||||||||||||||||
| Disposals and repayments, including other financial assets | 16 | 58 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
| Distributions from associates and joint ventures | – | – | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other items | – | – | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of shares, including transaction costs | (482) | – | – | |||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid to shareholders | (233) | – | – | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash flow before other net debt movements | (184) | 592 | (776) | 14 | 578 | |||||||||||||||
| Add back principal element of lease repayments | 36 | 32 | 65 | |||||||||||||||||
| Exchange and other non-cash adjustments | 178 | 24 | 57 | |||||||||||||||||
| Decrease in net debtb | 30 | 648 | (618) | 136 | 512 | |||||||||||||||
| Net debtb at the beginning of the year | (1,881) | (2,529) | (2,665) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net debtb at the end of the year | (1,851) | (1,881) | 30 | (2,529) | 648 | |||||||||||||||
| a | The definition and reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA has been amended to reconcile to the nearest GAAP measure, cash flow from operations, reflecting that adjusted EBITDA is primarily used by the Group as a liquidity measure. The value of adjusted EBITDA is unchanged. |
| b | Definitions for non-GAAP measures can be found in the ‘Use of key performance measures and non-GAAP measures’ section along with reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements which can be found on pages 226 to 232. |
| c | 2020 excludes $48m related to trade deposits and loans which were recognised as exceptional items. |
| 70 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Cash flow from operations
For the year ended 31 December 2022, cash flow from operations was $961m, an increase of $113m on the previous year, primarily reflecting the increase in operating profit. Cash flow from operations is the principal source of cash used to fund interest and tax payments, capital expenditure and ordinary dividend payments of the Group.
Adjusted free cash flowa
Adjusted free cash flowa was an inflow of $565m, consistent with the prior year of $571m. Adjusted EBITDAa increased by $264m due to improved trading in the year and was offset by an increase in tax paid of $125m and an increase in the System Fund reported loss of $94m. Working capital and other adjustments includes $108m of cash inflow related to deferred revenue, driven primarily by the loyalty programme. Exceptional cash costs of $43m includes the cost of ceasing operations in Russia and payments relating to commercial litigation and disputes.
Net and gross capital expenditure
Net capital expenditurea was $59m (2021: $50m inflow) and gross capital expenditurea was $161m (2021: $100m). Gross capital expenditurea comprised: $111m maintenance capex and key money, $15m gross recyclable investments, and $35m System Fund capital investments. Net capital expenditurea includes the offset from $13m proceeds from other financial assets, $3m net disposal proceeds, $3m key money repayments and $83m System Fund depreciation and amortisationb.
Net debta
At 31 December 2022, net debta was $1,851m (31 December 2021: $1,881m), including favourable net foreign exchange of $230m driven by translation of the Group’s sterling bond debt, offset by $52m of other non-cash adjustments. There were $715m of payments related to ordinary dividends and the share buyback.
Balance sheet
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | 1,144 | 1,195 | ||||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 1,394 | 1,455 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 976 | 1,450 | ||||||||||
| Other current assets | 702 | 616 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 4,216 | 4,716 | ||||||||||
| Loans and other borrowings | (2,396 | ) | (2,845 | ) | ||||||||
| Other current liabilities | (1,489 | ) | (1,332 | ) | ||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | (1,939 | ) | (2,013 | ) | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | (5,824 | ) | (6,190 | ) | ||||||||
| Net liabilities | (1,608 | ) | (1,474 | ) | ||||||||
Net liabilities
The Group had net liabilities of $1,608m at 31 December 2022 ($1,474m at 31 December 2021). In accordance with accounting standards, the Group’s internally developed brands are not recorded on the Group’s balance sheet, and its asset light business model means that most properties from which income is derived are not owned. This does not have an impact on the ability of the Group to raise external funding or the dividend capacity of the Group.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets total $1,144m. This was a decrease of $51m compared to the prior year. Goodwill and brands have a total net book value of $774m as at 31 December 2022 ($780m as at 31 December 2021). Brands relate to the acquisitions of Kimpton, Regent and Six Senses. They are each considered to have an indefinite life given their strong brand awareness and reputation, and management’s commitment to continued investment in their growth. Goodwill and brands are allocated to cash generating units (CGUs), and they are tested annually for impairment, with no impairment recognised in 2022 given the recoverable amounts of the CGUs exceeded their carrying value. The movement in the year is due to exchange rates.
Remaining intangible assets relate to software ($339m), management agreements ($21m) and other intangible assets ($10m).
Working capital
Trade receivables increased by $94m, from $399m at 31 December 2021 to $493m, primarily due to improved trading in the last quarter of 2022 compared to the last quarter of 2021. Current trade and other payables increased by $118m, primarily driven by an increase of trade payables of $43m due to higher marketing and other spend compared to 2021 and $29m related to the share repurchase programme. Deferred revenue increased by $111m, driven by an increase in the future redeemable points balance related to the loyalty programme.
Cash and borrowings
Net debta of $1,851m (2021: $1,881m) is analysed by currency as follows:
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||
| Borrowings | ||||||||||||
| Sterling* | 2,378 | 2,860 | ||||||||||
| US dollar | 416 | 431 | ||||||||||
| Euros | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Other | 29 | 35 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| Sterling | (380 | ) | (532 | ) | ||||||||
| US dollar | (494 | ) | (756 | ) | ||||||||
| Euros | (15 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||||
| Canadian dollar | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||||
| Chinese renminbi | (37 | ) | (105 | ) | ||||||||
| Other | (43 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||||||
| Net debta | 1,851 | 1,881 | ||||||||||
| Average net debt level | 1,763 | 2,334 | ||||||||||
| * | Including the impact of currency swaps. |
Cash and cash equivalents includes $24m (2021: $77m) that is not available for use by the Group due to local exchange controls, $11m (2021: $9m) which is restricted for use on capital expenditure under hotel lease agreements and $12m (2021: $nil) subject to contractual and regulatory restrictions (reclassed to cash and cash equivalents in 2022) which were previously presented within other financial assets.
|
|
Information on the maturity profile and interest structure of borrowings is included in notes 21 to 23 to the Group Financial Statements. |
Borrowings included bank overdrafts of $55m (2021: $59m), which were matched by an equivalent amount of cash and cash equivalents under the Group’s cash pooling arrangements. Under these arrangements, each pool contains a number of bank accounts with the same financial institution, and the Group pays interest on net overdraft balances within each pool. The cash pools are used for day-to-day cash management purposes and are managed daily as closely as possible to a zero balance on a net basis for each pool. Overseas subsidiaries are typically in a cash-positive position, with the most significant balances in the US, and the matching overdrafts are held by the Group’s central treasury company in the UK.
|
|
Information on the Group’s approach to allocation of capital resources can be found on pages 12 and 13. |
| a | Definitions for Non-GAAP measures can be found on pages 85 to 88. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 226 to 232. |
| b | Excluding $3m depreciation of right-of-use assets. |
| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 71 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Group continued
| Sources of liquidity As at 31 December 2022, the Group had total liquidity of $2,224m (31 December 2021: $2,655m), comprising $1,350m of undrawn bank facilities and $874m of cash and cash equivalents (net of overdrafts and restricted cash). The reduction in total liquidity from December 2021 is primarily due to the overall net cash outflow before other net debt movementsa of $184m and the repayment of $209m of bond debt.
The Group currently has $2,341m of sterling and euro bonds outstanding. The bonds mature in October 2024 (€500m), August 2025 (£300m), August 2026 (£350m), May 2027 (€500m) and October 2028 (£400m). There are currency swaps in place on both the euro bonds, fixing the October 2024 bond at £454m and the May 2027 bond at £436m. The Group currently has a senior unsecured long-term credit rating of BBB from Standard and Poor’s.
In April 2022, IHG entered into a new $1.35bn syndicated bank revolving credit facility (RCF). The previous $1.275bn syndicated facility and $75m bilateral facility have been cancelled. The new five-year RCF matures in April 2027. Two one-year extension options are at the lenders’ discretion. There are two financial covenants: interest cover and leverage ratio. Covenants are tested at half year and full year on a trailing 12-month basis. The interest cover covenant requires a ratio of Covenant EBITDA to Covenant interest payable above 3.5:1 and the leverage ratio requires Covenant net debt to Covenant EBITDA below 4.0:1. These covenants now include the impact of IFRS 16, Leases, which was previously excluded due to ‘frozen GAAP’ treatment in the previous agreement. The new facility uses alternative reference rates instead of LIBOR. See note 23 to the Group Financial Statements for further information.
At 31 December 2022, the leverage ratio was 2.12x and the interest cover ratio was 8.22x. See note 23 to the Group Financial Statements for further information. The facility was undrawn at 31 December 2022.
The Group is in compliance with all of the applicable financial covenants in its loan documents, none of which are expected to present a material restriction on funding in the near future.
In the Group’s opinion, the available facilities are sufficient for the Group’s present liquidity requirements.
|
| Off-balance sheet arrangements At 31 December 2022, the Group had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on the Group’s financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Contingent liabilities Contingent liabilities include guarantees over loans made to facilitate third-party ownership of hotels of up to $50m and outstanding letters of credit of $55m. The Group may also be exposed to additional liabilities resulting from litigation and security incidents. See note 30 to the Group Financial Statements for further details. |
Future cash requirements from contractual obligations The Group’s future cash flows arising from contractual commitments relating to long-term debt obligations (including interest payable), derivatives, lease liabilities and other financial liabilities are analysed in note 23 to the Group Financial Statements. Other cash requirements relate to future pension scheme contributions (see note 26 to the Group Financial Statements) and capital commitments (see note 29 to the Group Financial Statements).
The Group also has future commitments for key money payments which are contingent upon future events and may reverse. |
Disaggregation of total gross revenueb in IHG’s System
Total gross revenue provides a measure of the overall strength of the Group’s brands. It comprises total rooms revenue from franchised hotels and total hotel revenue from managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels and excludes revenue from the System Fund and reimbursement of costs. Other than owned, leased and managed lease hotels, total gross revenue is not revenue attributable to IHG as it is derived from hotels owned by third parties. The definition of this key performance measure can be found on page 85.
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| $bn | $bn | changec | ||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 4.0 | 2.7 | 50.8 | |||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 1.2 | 0.7 | 62.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 0.7 | 0.4 | 56.3 | |||||||||||||||
| HUALUXE | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 3.0 | 2.3 | 28.3 | |||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 0.1 | 0.1 | 65.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | 5.2 | 4.0 | 29.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 8.3 | 6.5 | 26.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 1.2 | 1.0 | 22.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Candlewood Suites | 0.8 | 0.7 | 12.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 1.2 | 0.9 | 57.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 25.8 | 19.4 | 33.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business (revenue not attributable to IHG) | 25.4 | 19.2 | 32.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease (revenue recognised in Group income statement) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 64.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 25.8 | 19.4 | 33.1 | |||||||||||||||
Total gross revenue in IHG’s system increased by 33.1% (36.8% increase at constant currency) to $25.8bn as a result of improved trading conditions in many markets throughout the year along with growth in the number of hotels in our system.
| a | As shown in the Cash Flow summary on page 70. |
| b | Definitions for the key performance measures can be found in the Use of key performance measures and non-GAAP measures section, which can be found on pages 85 to 88. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 226 to 232. |
| c | Year-on-year percentage movement calculated from source figures. |
| 72 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Group hotel and room count
| Hotels |
Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change over | Change over | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 19 | (2 | ) | 1,366 | (46 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | 9 | 2 | 3,028 | 838 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 207 | 3 | 69,806 | 404 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vignette Collection | 3 | 2 | 579 | 433 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 76 | 1 | 13,308 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 143 | 13 | 18,454 | 2,111 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 45 | 14 | 10,424 | 2,979 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| HUALUXE | 21 | 5 | 5,983 | 1,380 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 403 | (1 | ) | 110,419 | (759 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 22 | 1 | 3,180 | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inna | 1,226 | 8 | 224,381 | (303 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 3,091 | 75 | 326,902 | 9,573 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| avid hotels | 59 | 11 | 5,353 | 1,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Atwell Suites | 2 | 2 | 186 | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 314 | (1 | ) | 33,961 | (345 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Candlewood Suites | 368 | 7 | 32,753 | 728 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Iberostar Beachfront Resortsb | 33 | 33 | 12,402 | 12,402 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Otherc | 123 | – | 39,142 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 6,164 | 173 | 911,627 | 31,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 5,202 | 169 | 656,431 | 30,316 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 946 | 7 | 250,977 | 1,386 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 16 | (3 | ) | 4,219 | (402 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 6,164 | 173 | 911,627 | 31,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net system size increased by 3.6% year-on-year, or 4.3% when adjusting for the 0.7% impact of exiting Russia. 49,443 rooms (269 hotels) were opened in the year, 12% more than in 2021, including 12,402 rooms (33 hotels) under the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand.
In 2022, 96 hotels (18,143 rooms) left the IHG system, including 28 hotels (6,457 rooms) as part of ceasing operations in Russia. In 2021, 264 hotels (49,667 rooms) left the IHG system, including 151 Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza hotels (34,345 rooms) as we concluded our review of these brands.
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a Includes 28 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (8,822 rooms) (2021: 28 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (8,679 rooms)).
b Iberostar Hotels & Resorts joined IHG’s system as part of a long-term commercial agreement.
C Includes eight open hotels that will be re-branded to voco and two open hotels that will be re-branded to Vignette Collection. |
Total number of hotels 6,164
Total number of rooms 911,627 |
| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 73 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Group continued
Group pipeline
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | Change over 2021 | 2022 | Change over 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 38 | 5 | 2,631 | 207 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | 10 | 2 | 2,310 | 372 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 90 | 11 | 22,581 | 2,902 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vignette Collection | 7 | 7 | 600 | 600 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 41 | 6 | 8,443 | 1,591 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 119 | 5 | 19,851 | 1,399 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 39 | 1 | 10,229 | 139 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| HUALUXE | 21 | (2 | ) | 5,350 | (695 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 111 | 15 | 28,950 | 3,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 31 | 2 | 5,279 | 372 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inna | 230 | (14 | ) | 44,242 | (3,836 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 617 | (28 | ) | 76,735 | (6,291 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| avid hotels | 145 | (19 | ) | 12,385 | (2,110 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Atwell Suites | 30 | 7 | 3,001 | 726 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 162 | 6 | 17,995 | 1,152 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Candlewood Suites | 124 | 31 | 10,268 | 2,503 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Iberostar Beachfront Resortsb | 15 | 15 | 6,065 | 6,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Otherc | 29 | 12 | 4,553 | 1,723 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,859 | 62 | 281,468 | 10,508 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 1,313 | 23 | 163,311 | 5,479 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 545 | 39 | 118,002 | 5,029 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 1 | – | 155 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,859 | 62 | 281,468 | 10,508 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At the end of 2022, the global pipeline totalled 281,468 rooms (1,859 hotels), a 3.9% increase of 10,508 rooms (62 hotels), as signings outpaced openings and attrition.
The IHG pipeline represents hotels where a contract has been signed and the appropriate fees paid.
Group signings increased from 437 hotels in 2021 to 467 hotels in 2022, and rooms increased from 68,870 in 2021 to 80,338 rooms in 2022, growth of 16.7%. Signings in 2022 included 159 hotels (23,056 rooms) for the Holiday Inn Brand Family and 48 hotels (18,467 rooms) for Iberostar Beachfront Resorts. Conversions represented around a quarter of signings in 2022 (excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts). |
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a Includes one Holiday Inn Club Vacations property (152 Rooms) (2021: nil Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (nil rooms)).
b Iberostar Hotels & Resorts joined IHG’s system as part of a long-term commercial agreement.
c Includes six voco pipeline hotels and five Vignette Collection pipeline hotels.
Total number of hotels in the pipeline 1,859
Total number of rooms in the pipeline 281,468
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| 74 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Americas Elie Maalouf Chief Executive Officer, Americas The strength of our brands and enterprise platform was on full display as guests trusted us with their stays and owners with their investment. From strong performances of our Essentials and Suites brands, to the addition of exceptional Luxury & Lifestyle properties and brand debuts in key markets, we continue to accelerate our growth. Americas revenue 2022 Comparable RevPARa movement ($1,005m) on previous year (12 months ended 31 December 2022) Fee business InterContinental 85.7% Kimpton 58.7% 55% Hotel Indigo 36.1% Crowne Plaza 51.4% EVEN Hotels 68.6% Holiday Inn 32.3% Holiday Inn Express 21.2% Americas number of rooms avid hotels 30.2% (515,496) Staybridge Suites 18.7% Candlewood Suites 11.6% All brands 28.3% Owned, leased and managed lease All brands 63.7% 57% voco and Holiday Inn Chicago Downtown Industry performance in 2022 Industry RevPAR in the Americas increased by 35.5% compared to 2021 (increased by 7.7% against 2019), driven by continued recovery in Canada and Mexico and the relative strength of the luxury and upper upscale markets in the US. RevPAR in most markets across the Americas has recovered to 2019 levels, driven by improving average daily rates (up 19.3% over 2021), which exceeded pre-pandemic levels by more than 13%. Occupancy levels continued to recover in 2022 (increasing 7.3%pts from 2021) but remained behind pre-pandemic levels. Overall demand for hotel rooms increased by 14.3% and supply increased by 0.7%. The US lodging industry reported the highest-ever RevPAR and average daily rate in 2022, with RevPAR increasing by 31.4% (increased by 7.7% against 2019) and average daily rate increasing by 19.1% compared to 2021. Room demand increased by 11.0% in 2022 while supply grew 0.6%, suppressed due to supply-side construction delays. RevPAR in the US upper midscale chain scale, where the Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express brands operate, increased by 22.3%. Industry RevPAR increased by 87.7% in Canada and 61.3% in Mexico, driven by both occupancy and average daily rate increases. IHG’s regional performance in 2022 IHG’s comparable RevPARa in the Americas increased by 28.5% compared to 2021 (increased by 3.3% against 2019), driven by a 7.0%pts increase in occupancy coupled with a 15% increase in average daily rate. The region is predominantly represented by the US, where comparable RevPARa increased by 24.5% compared to 2021 (increased by 3.5% against 2019), and where we are most represented by our upper midscale brands Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express. US RevPARa for the Holiday Inn brand increased by 25.4% while the Holiday Inn Express brand increased by 18.6%. RevPARa in Canada increased by 86.6%, while Mexico increased by 46.9%. a Comparable RevPAR and occupancy include the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19. Performance IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 75
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Americas continued
Americas results
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 vs 2021 % change |
2020 $m |
2021 vs 2020 % change |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from the reportable segmenta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 879 | 691 | 27.2 | 457 | 51.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 126 | 83 | 51.8 | 55 | 50.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,005 | 774 | 29.8 | 512 | 51.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit from the reportable segmenta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 741 | 568 | 30.5 | 323 | 75.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 20 | (9 | ) | NM | c | (27 | ) | (66.7 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 761 | 559 | 36.1 | 296 | 88.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | (46 | ) | (22 | ) | 109.1 | (118 | ) | (81.4 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | 715 | 537 | 33.1 | 178 | 201.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Review of the year ended 31 December 2022 With 4,356 hotels (515,496 rooms), the Americas represents 57% of the Group’s room count. The key profit-generating region is the US, and the Group is also represented in Latin America, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. 93% of rooms in the region are operated under the franchise business model, primarily under our brands in the upper midscale segment (including the Holiday Inn Brand Family). In the upscale market segment, Crowne Plaza is predominantly franchised whereas, in the luxury market segment, InterContinental branded hotels are operated under both franchise and management agreements, while Kimpton is predominantly managed. 15 of the Group’s 18 hotel brands are represented in the Americas.
Trading in January was challenging given the initial impacts on travel volumes as a result of the Omicron variant of Covid-19; from April onwards RevPARb was ahead of 2019 levels with sequential improvements in each quarter.
Strong US RevPARb in the second half of the year was supported by leisure demand, led by the US franchised estate, which continued into the final quarter of the year. Business demand strengthened as the year went on with more corporate bookings, group activity and events returning.
In Q4, average daily rate was 12% higher than 2019 levels, with occupancy just 1.5%pts lower. Across our US franchised estate, which is weighted to domestic demand in upper midscale hotels, Q4 RevPARb increased by 9% vs 2019. The US managed estate, weighted to upscale and luxury hotels in urban locations, increased by 1% vs 2019. |
Americas comparable RevPARb grew 58% in the first quarter, 37% in the second quarter, 17% in the third quarter, 17% in the fourth quarter and 28% in the full year, all compared to 2021. Compared to 2019, RevPARb declined 8% in the first quarter, then grew 4% in the second quarter, 7% in the third quarter, 9% in the fourth quarter and 3% in the full year.
Revenue from the reportable segmenta increased by $231m (30%) to $1,005m. Operating profit increased by $178m to $715m, driven by the increase in revenue, partially offset by an increase in exceptional items of $24m. Operating profit from the reportable segmenta increased by $202m (36%) to $761m.
Revenue and operating profit from the reportable segmenta are further analysed by fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels.
Fee business revenuea increased by $188m (27%) to $879m. Fee business operating profita increased by $173m (31%) to $741m, driven by the improvement in trading. Together with the prior delivery of sustainable fee business cost savings, fee margina increased to 84.3%, compared to 82.2% in 2021. There were $18m of incentive management fees earned (2021: $8m). There was also $2m of support received in the form of payroll tax credits which relate to the Group’s corporate office presence in certain locations (down from $11m benefit in 2021) and a one-time payroll tax credit of $2m related to Covid-19. |
Owned, leased and managed lease revenue increased by $43m to $126m, with comparable RevPARb up 64% vs 2021 leading to an owned, leased and managed leased operating profit of $20m compared to a $9m loss in the prior year.
Excluding the results of three owned EVEN hotels which were disposed and retained under franchise contracts in November 2021, revenue increased by $54m and operating profit improved by $26m.
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For discussion of 2021 results, and the changes compared to 2020, refer to the 2021 Annual Report and Form 20-F.
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www.ihgplc.com/investors under Annual Report | |||||||
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a Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 85 to 88. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 226 to 232.
b Comparable RevPAR and occupancy include the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19.
c Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. | ||||||||
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| 76 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Americas hotel and room count
| Hotels | Rooms |
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| Change over | Change over | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | – | (1 | ) | – | (20 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 42 | (1 | ) | 15,541 | (110 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 62 | (2 | ) | 10,604 | (404 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 73 | 7 | 9,747 | 1,002 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 8 | 3 | 923 | 454 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 110 | (2 | ) | 28,334 | 404 | |||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 19 | – | 2,743 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inna | 724 | 8 | 122,189 | 1,339 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 2,472 | 36 | 225,084 | 3,357 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| avid hotels | 59 | 11 | 5,353 | 1,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Atwell Suites | 2 | 2 | 186 | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 296 | – | 31,029 | (68 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Candlewood Suites | 368 | 7 | 32,753 | 728 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Iberostar Beachfront Resortsb | 23 | 23 | 9,027 | 9,027 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Otherc | 98 | (3 | ) | 21,983 | (561 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 4,356 | 88 | 515,496 | 16,407 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 4,185 | 98 | 478,448 | 18,191 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 168 | (10 | ) | 35,721 | (1,784 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 3 | – | 1,327 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 4,356 | 88 | 515,496 | 16,407 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Includes 28 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (8,822 rooms) (2021: 28 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (8,679 rooms)). |
| b | Iberostar Hotels & Resorts joined IHG’s system as part of a long-term commercial agreement. |
| c | Includes four open hotels that will be re-branded to voco. |
Americas pipeline
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change over | Change over | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 6 | – | 323 | (148 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 10 | 1 | 2,403 | 151 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vignette Collection | 2 | 2 | 175 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 24 | 5 | 4,583 | 1,152 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 26 | (3 | ) | 3,647 | (423 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 4 | (1 | ) | 747 | (298 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 7 | (1 | ) | 1,318 | (325 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 10 | – | 1,171 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inna | 66 | (8 | ) | 8,122 | (1,346 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 340 | 2 | 32,892 | 191 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| avid hotels | 145 | (19 | ) | 12,385 | (2,110 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Atwell Suites | 30 | 7 | 3,001 | 726 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 142 | 5 | 14,923 | 873 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Candlewood Suites | 124 | 31 | 10,268 | 2,503 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Iberostar Beachfront Resortsb | 5 | 5 | 2,391 | 2,391 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Otherc | 13 | 2 | 1,970 | 199 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 954 | 28 | 100,319 | 3,716 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 916 | 27 | 94,258 | 3,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 38 | 1 | 6,061 | 190 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 954 | 28 | 100,319 | 3,716 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Includes one Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (152 rooms) (2021: nil Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (nil rooms)). |
| b | Iberostar Hotels & Resorts joined IHG’s system as part of a long-term commercial agreement. |
| c | Includes one pipeline hotel that will be re-branded to voco. |
|
Total number of hotels 4,356
Total number of rooms 515,496
Gross system size growth was 4.1% year-on-year. We opened 20.6k rooms (125 hotels) during the year, including 62 hotels across the Holiday Inn Brand Family and 23 under the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand. There were 11 avid hotels opened, including the first in Canada, nine Candlewood Suites and eight Hotel Indigo properties. The first two Atwell Suites properties opened in Miami and Denver.
There were 4.2k rooms (37 hotels) removed in the year; the removal rate of 0.8% was lower than the historical average, with fewer removals in 2022 including the effect of the 2021 Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza review.
Net system size grew 3.3% year-on-year. Excluding the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts properties, net growth would have been 1.5%.
Total number of hotels in the pipeline 954
Total number of rooms in the pipeline 100,319
There were 32.5k rooms (231 hotels) signed during the year, including 15.6k rooms (73 hotels) during Q4, of which 11.4k rooms (28 hotels) were Iberostar Beachfront Resorts signings. During the year, there were 73 hotel signings across the Holiday Inn Brand Family and 69 across Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites, along with 14 further avid hotels and 11 further Atwell Suites. Other notable signings included a strong year for Kimpton with six signings and the first two Vignette Collection properties in the region.
The pipeline stands at 100.3k rooms (954 hotels), which represents around 20% of the current system size in the region.
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| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 77 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report Performance continued EMEAA Kenneth Macpherson Chief Executive Officer, EMEAA 2022 was a year of significant progress. Although challenges remained, our focus continued to be supporting our colleagues, guests and owners, while strengthening our operating model in priority markets to drive long term sustainable growth. We enhanced our Luxury & Lifestyle expansion with the success of Vignette Collection, as we continued to scale our brands across all segments, and elevate the quality of our estate. EMEAA revenue 2022 Comparable RevPARa movement ($552m) on previous year (12 months ended 31 December 2022) Fee business Six Senses 124.3% Regent 67.5% InterContinental 99.1% 30% Kimpton 249.5% Hotel Indigo 122.8% voco 52.0% Crowne Plaza 86.5% EMEAA number of rooms Holiday Inn 90.3% (229,664) Holiday Inn Express 90.3% Staybridge Suites 44.2% All brands 92.2% Owned, leased and managed lease All brands 142.3% 25% Kimpton St Honoré, Paris 78 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 Industry performance in 2022 Industry RevPAR in EMEAA increased by 76.1% compared to 2021 (declined by 11.2% against 2019), driven by an occupancy increase of 20.5%pts and a 14.8% increase in average daily rate. In Europe, RevPAR increased by 86.6% compared to 2021 (declined by 4.6% against 2019), driven by both occupancy and average daily rate. In the UK, industry RevPAR increased by 71.5% compared to 2021 (increased by 2.2% against 2019). UK room demand increased by 53.6% with supply growth at 1.3%. In Germany, RevPAR increased by 97.7% compared to 2021 (declined by 22.4% against 2019). France saw RevPAR increase by 92.8%, driven by demand growth of 61.2%. RevPAR increased by 42.1% in the Middle East, driven by both occupancy and average daily rates. Elsewhere in EMEAA, RevPAR in Australia increased 58.4%, Japan increased by 48.9% and Thailand increased by 219.9%, driven by demand growth following the easing of travel restrictions. IHG’s regional performance in 2022 EMEAA comparable RevPARa increased by 93.2% compared to 2021 (declined 7.5% against 2019), driven by a 21.2%pts increase in occupancy coupled with a 28.2% increase in average daily rate. In the UK, where IHG has the largest regional presence, RevPARa increased by 67.7% compared to 2021 (increased by 1.4% against 2019), led by the Provinces, which benefitted from domestic leisure travel. Germany saw a RevPARa increase of 170.3% and France increased by 123.1%. RevPARa in the Middle East increased by 52.3%, with the fourth quarter up 37.8% reflecting demand related to the FIFA World Cup. India RevPARa increased by 95.7%. Elsewhere in EMEAA, RevPARa increased in Australia by 95.0%, and in Japan by 78.0% as international travel restrictions were lifted in the latter part of the year. Lifting of travel restrictions also saw leisure demand return to our resort destinations in Thailand and Vietnam. a Comparable RevPAR and occupancy include the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19.
Table of Contents
EMEAA results
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 vs 2021 % change |
2020 $m |
2021 vs 2020 % change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from the reportable segmenta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 284 | 149 | 90.6 | 107 | 39.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 268 | 154 | 74.0 | 114 | 35.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 552 | 303 | 82.2 | 221 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit/(loss) from the reportable segmenta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 153 | 32 | 378.1 | (18 | ) | NMc | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | (1 | ) | (27 | ) | (96.3 | ) | (32 | ) | (15.6) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 152 | 5 | NM | c | (50 | ) | NMc | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | (49 | ) | (7 | ) | 600.0 | (128 | ) | (94.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating (loss)/profit | 103 | (2 | ) | NM | c | (178 | ) | (98.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Review of the year ended 31 December 2022 Comprising 1,169 hotels (229,664 rooms) at the end of 2022, EMEAA represented 25% of the Group’s room count. Revenues are primarily generated from hotels in the UK and gateway cities in continental Europe, the Middle East and Asia. The largest proportion of rooms in the UK and continental Europe are operated under the franchise business model, primarily under our upper midscale brands (Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express). In the upscale market segment, Crowne Plaza is evenly proportioned between the franchised and managed operating models, whereas in the luxury market segment, the majority of InterContinental branded hotels are operated under management agreements. The majority of hotels in markets outside Europe are operated under the managed business model.
The industry faced some renewed challenges to travel volumes at the start of the year from the Omicron variant of Covid-19.
However, from February and over subsequent months, easing of previous restrictions on international travel contributed to strong sequential improvements in RevPARb. Leisure stays and transient business were the strongest categories, with corporate bookings and group activity picking up in their pace of recovery as the year went on.
By the end of the year, restrictions were no longer in place in almost all markets. Continental Europe continued to benefit from domestic leisure demand. The UK, which saw one of the earlier easings of restrictions, saw RevPARb up 1% for the 2022 year as a whole vs 2019, improving to 12% in Q4. Elsewhere, international demand for the FIFA World Cup helped to drive 25% growth in the Middle East in Q4 vs 2019. |
|
EMEAA comparable RevPARb grew 122% in the first quarter, 147% in the second quarter, 76% in the third quarter, 65% in the fourth quarter and 93% in the full year, all compared to 2021. Compared to 2019, RevPARb declined 33% in the first quarter, 10% in the second quarter, was in line in the third quarter, then grew 9% in the fourth quarter, declining 8% in the full year.
Revenue from the reportable segmenta increased by $249m (82%) to $552m. Operating profit increased by $105m to a $103m profit, driven by the increase in revenue, partially offset by an increase in exceptional items of $42m. Operating profit from the reportable segmenta increased by $147m to a $152m profit. Incentive management fees earned improved significantly to $69m (2021: $29m). Revenue and operating profit from the reportable segmenta also included the benefit of a $7m individually significant liquidated damages settlement in the first half of the year.
Revenue and operating profit from the reportable segmenta are further analysed by fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels.
Fee business revenuea increased by $135m (91%) to $284m. Fee business operating profita increased to $153m from $32m in the prior year, driven by the significant improvement in trading. Together with the prior delivery of sustainable fee business cost savings, 2022 fee margina recovered strongly to 52.7%, compared to 21.5% in 2021. |
|
Owned, leased and managed lease revenue sharply increased by $114m to $268m, with comparable RevPARb up 142% vs 2021 leading to an owned, leased and managed lease operating loss that decreased to just $1m compared to a $27m loss in 2021. The lifting of travel restrictions, predominantly in the UK, eased the trading challenges on this largely urban-centred portfolio.
Excluding the results of three UK portfolio hotels and one InterContinental hotel, which were exited in 2022, revenue increased by $120m and the operating loss improved by $19m.
| ||||
|
For discussion of 2021 results, and the changes compared to 2020, refer to the 2021 Annual Report and Form 20-F.
| ||||||||
|
a Definitions for non-GAAP measures can be found in the Use of key performance measures and non-GAAP measures section along with reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements which can be found on pages 226 to 232.
b Comparable RevPAR and occupancy include the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19.
c Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period.
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| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 79 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
EMEAA continued
EMEAA hotel and room count
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | Change over 2021 |
2022 | Change over 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 18 | (1 | ) | 1,236 | (34) | |||||||||||||||||
| Regent | 4 | 1 | 1,113 | 342 | ||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 111 | 3 | 32,861 | 300 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vignette Collection | 3 | 2 | 579 | 433 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 12 | 2 | 2,397 | 251 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 51 | 3 | 5,733 | 550 | ||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 29 | 8 | 7,926 | 2,044 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 182 | – | 43,942 | (886) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | 374 | (6 | ) | 67,867 | (2,957) | |||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 341 | 8 | 49,875 | 1,327 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 18 | (1 | ) | 2,932 | (277) | |||||||||||||||||
| Iberostar Beachfront Resortsa | 10 | 10 | 3,375 | 3,375 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Otherb | 16 | 3 | 9,828 | 996 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,169 | 32 | 229,664 | 5,464 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 802 | 35 | 131,916 | 6,209 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 354 | – | 94,856 | (343) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 13 | (3 | ) | 2,892 | (402) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,169 | 32 | 229,664 | 5,464 | ||||||||||||||||||
| a | Iberostar Hotels & Resorts joined IHG’s system as part of a long-term commercial agreement. |
| b | Includes three open hotels that will be re-branded to voco and two open hotels that will be re-branded to Vignette Collection. |
EMEAA pipeline
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Change over | Change over | |||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 28 | 5 | 2,075 | 355 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | 6 | – | 1,368 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 51 | 8 | 11,796 | 2,276 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vignette Collection | 5 | 5 | 425 | 425 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 8 | (1 | ) | 1,534 | (140) | |||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 46 | 2 | 8,044 | 1,040 | ||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 32 | 1 | 8,827 | 74 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 40 | – | 10,377 | (84) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | 84 | (14 | ) | 16,436 | (4,578) | |||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 88 | (11 | ) | 13,199 | (2,394) | |||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | 20 | 1 | 3,072 | 279 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Iberostar Beachfront Resortsa | 10 | 10 | 3,674 | 3,674 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Otherb | 16 | 10 | 2,583 | 1,524 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 434 | 16 | 83,410 | 2,478 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 164 | (11 | ) | 26,688 | (357) | |||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 269 | 27 | 56,567 | 2,835 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 1 | – | 155 | – | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 434 | 16 | 83,410 | 2,478 | ||||||||||||||||||
| a | Iberostar Hotels & Resorts joined IHG’s system as part of a long-term commercial agreement. |
| b | Includes five voco pipeline hotels and five Vignette Collection pipeline hotels. |
|
Total number of hotels 1,169
Total number of rooms 229,664
Gross system size growth was 7.2% year-on-year. We opened 16.2k rooms (79 hotels) during the year. There were 32 openings across the Holiday Inn Brand Family. Ten openings were added under the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts brand. There were eight voco properties in seven different countries opened during 2022, including Doha West Bay, Johannesburg and a flagship new-build at Melbourne Central.
There were 10.7k rooms (47 hotels) removed in the year, of which 6.5k (28 hotels) related to ceasing operations in Russia. Net system size grew 2.4% year-on-year; adjusting for the removal of hotels in Russia, net system size growth was 3.1% higher at 5.5%. Excluding the Iberostar Beachfront Resorts properties that were added to the system, net growth would have been 3.9%.
Total number of hotels in the pipeline
434
Total number of rooms in the pipeline 83,410
There were 25.8k rooms (128 hotels) signed during the year, including 15.2k rooms (66 hotels) during Q4, of which 7.0k rooms (20 hotels) were Iberostar Beachfront Resorts signings. During the year, there were 33 signings across the Holiday Inn Brand Family and a particularly strong year for the InterContinental brand with 14 signings and for Six Senses with six signings. A strong year for conversions, which represented around 40% of all signings (excluding Iberostar Beachfront Resorts), included 16 voco and eight Vignette properties. One of six multi-brand portfolio deals will bring the Hotel Indigo, Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn Express brands to the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Hoi An, Vietnam.
The pipeline stands at 83.4k rooms (434 hotels), which represents 36% of the current system size in the region. |
| 80 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Greater China Jolyon Bulley Chief Executive Officer, Greater China With further intermittent lockdowns and travel restrictions in 2022, we remained commercially agile and focused on the safety of our guests and colleagues and supporting our owners during this challenging year. We continue to strengthen our brand proposition for guests and invest to prepare for the post-pandemic recovery. Greater China revenue 2022 Comparable RevPARa movement ($87m) on previous year (12 months ended 31 December 2022) Fee business 5% Regent (4.6%) InterContinental (22.4%) Hotel Indigo (6.6%) HUALUXE (8.5%) Crowne Plaza (11.0%) Holiday Inn (8.7%) Holiday Inn Express (11.9%) Greater China number of rooms All brands (13.5%) (166,467) 18% HUALUXE Ningbo Harbor City, China Performance IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 81 Industry performance in 2022 The industry performance across Greater China fluctuated in 2022, impacted by temporary localised lockdowns throughout the year. Industry RevPAR in Greater China declined by 17.7% compared to 2021 (decreased by 39.9% against 2019). Supply grew by 3.5% and demand decreased 7.0%. RevPAR across all tiers declined compared to 2021. Tier 1 cities saw a 21.3% decline in RevPAR compared to 2021, as room demand decreased by 11.9%. In Tier 2 cities, RevPAR decreased 11.8% compared to 2021, driven by both occupancy and average daily rate, while RevPAR declined 13.6% in Tier 3 cities. In Tier 4 cities, RevPAR decreased by 15.6% compared to 2021, driven by demand declining by 8.4%. RevPAR in Hong Kong SAR increased by 41.9% driven by average daily rate, which increased 34.9%. Macau SAR RevPAR declined 32.6% against 2021, with demand declining 11.3% due to its reliance on Mainland China travel. IHG’s regional performance in 2022 IHG’s regional comparable RevPARa in Greater China declined by 13.5% compared to 2021 (declined by 38.1% against 2019), driven by a 5.5%pts decrease in occupancy and a 2.5% decrease in average daily rate as the region remained impacted by localised travel restrictions. In Mainland China, RevPARa decreased by 17.4%, with the greatest decline in Tier 1 cities, down by 23.6%, while Tier 2-4 cities declined by 14.8%. RevPARa in Hong Kong SAR increased by 64.9% while RevPARa in Macau SAR decreased by 12.7%. a Comparable RevPAR and occupancy include the impact of Covid of -19 hotels . temporarily closed as a result
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Greater China continued
Greater China results
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 vs 2021 % change |
2020 $m |
2021 vs 2020 % change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from the reportable segmenta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 87 | 116 | (25.0 | ) | 77 | 50.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 87 | 116 | (25.0 | ) | 77 | 50.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit from the reportable segmenta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 23 | 58 | (60.3 | ) | 35 | 65.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | – | – | – | (5 | ) | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | 23 | 58 | (60.3 | ) | 30 | 93.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Review of the year ended 31 December 2022 Comprising 639 hotels (166,467 rooms) at 31 December 2022, Greater China represented approximately 18% of the Group’s room count. The majority of rooms in Greater China operate under the managed business model, although the franchise segment continues to grow, representing approximately one-third.
Localised travel restrictions were re-implemented numerous times over the course of 2022 in response to increased Covid-19 cases, which saw the industry substantially impacted. At times during the year, around one-third of IHG’s estate was repurposed for quarantine hotels or temporarily closed.
The monthly RevPARb performance bottomed in the March to May period when it was down by more than 50% vs 2019 levels; by July and August there were marked improvements with RevPARb vs 2019 down 15% and 18% respectively in those months; after more restrictions were re-introduced in September, Q4 saw RevPARb revert back to 53% below 2019.
For the year as a whole, Tier 1 cities were the most severely impacted by the restrictions due to the exposure to international and corporate travel, declining 53% in 2022 vs 2019. Tier 2-4 cities, which are more weighted to domestic and leisure demand, performed better with a decline of 30%; these cities were still significantly impacted given the larger Tier 1 cities represent much of the source markets for travellers into these locations. All prior restrictions have now largely been removed, with a marked improvement for the industry expected in 2023.
|
Greater China comparable RevPARb declined 7% in the first quarter, 40% in the second quarter, then grew 12% in the third quarter before declining 13% in the fourth quarter and 14% in the full year, all compared to 2021. Compared to 2019, RevPARb declined 42% in the first quarter, 49% in the second quarter, 20% in the third quarter, 42% in the fourth quarter and 38% in the full year.
Revenue from the reportable segmenta in 2022 decreased by $29m (25%) to $87m. Driven by the reduction in revenue, operating profit decreased by $35m (60%) to $23m. The impact on trading of the Covid-19 related restrictions at our managed hotels led to incentive management fees reducing to $16m from $25m in 2021. 2022 fee margina reduced to 26.4%, compared to 47.3% in 2021.
|
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|
For discussion of 2021 results, and the changes compared to 2020, refer to the 2021 Annual Report and Form 20-F.
|
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|
a Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 85 to 88. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items within the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 226 to 232.
b Comparable RevPAR and occupancy include the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19.
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www.ihgplc.com/investors
| 82 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Greater China hotel and room count
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change over | Change over | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | 2021 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 1 | – | 130 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | 5 | 1 | 1,915 | 496 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 54 | 1 | 21,404 | 214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 2 | 1 | 307 | 178 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 19 | 3 | 2,974 | 559 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 8 | 3 | 1,575 | 481 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HUALUXE | 21 | 5 | 5,983 | 1,380 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 111 | 1 | 38,143 | (277 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 3 | 1 | 437 | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | 128 | 6 | 34,325 | 1,315 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 278 | 31 | 51,943 | 4,889 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Othera | 9 | – | 7,331 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 639 | 53 | 166,467 | 9,429 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 215 | 36 | 46,067 | 5,916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 424 | 17 | 120,400 | 3,513 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 639 | 53 | 166,467 | 9,429 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Includes one open hotel that will be re-branded to voco. |
Greater China pipeline
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change over | Change over | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | 4 | – | 233 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | 4 | 2 | 942 | 345 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | 29 | 2 | 8,382 | 475 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | 9 | 2 | 2,326 | 579 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | 47 | 6 | 8,160 | 782 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| voco | 3 | 1 | 655 | 363 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HUALUXE | 21 | (2 | ) | 5,350 | (695 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | 64 | 16 | 17,255 | 4,098 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | 21 | 2 | 4,108 | 367 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | 80 | 8 | 19,684 | 2,088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | 189 | (19 | ) | 30,644 | (4,088 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 471 | 18 | 97,739 | 4,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Analysed by ownership type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised | 233 | 7 | 42,365 | 2,310 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Managed | 238 | 11 | 55,374 | 2,004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 471 | 18 | 97,739 | 4,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total number of hotels 639
Total number of rooms 166,467
Gross system size growth was 8.1% year-on-year, with the Covid-19 related restrictions in 2022 also impacting the ability for new hotels to open. There were 12.7k rooms (65 hotels) added to our system during the year, a reduction from 18.1k rooms (88 hotels) achieved in 2021. Openings in 2022 included 35 Holiday Inn Express and nine Holiday Inn properties. Other notable openings were five HUALUXE properties including Shanghai Changfeng Park and Qingdao Licang, three voco properties as the brand builds its presence and the reopening of the flagship Regent Hong Kong.
There were 3.2k rooms (12 hotels) removed in the year, representing a removal rate of 2.1%. Net system size growth was 6.0% year-on-year.
Total number of hotels in the pipeline 471
Total number of rooms in the pipeline 97,739
There were 22.0k rooms (108 hotels) signed during the year, (including 5.5k rooms (29 hotels) during Q4). Signings in 2022 included 34 for Holiday Inn Express and 19 for Holiday Inn. This was a record-breaking year for Crowne Plaza, with a total of 23 signings growing its pipeline to 64 hotels. Other notable signings included those across our Luxury & Lifestyle brands, with two Regent properties (Shanghai On The Bund and Shenzhen Bay), three Kimpton and four InterContinental properties added to the pipeline, along with a further 11 for Hotel Indigo; Luxury & Lifestyle now represents over 20% of the pipeline in the region.
The pipeline in total stands at 97.7k rooms (471 hotels), which represents 59% of the current system size in the region.
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| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 83 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Central
Central results
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 vs 2021 % change |
2020 $m |
2021 vs 2020 % change |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 199 | 197 | 1.0 | 182 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross costs | (307 | ) | (285 | ) | 7.7 | (244 | ) | 16.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (108 | ) | (88 | ) | 22.7 | (62 | ) | 41.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | – | – | – | (19 | ) | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (108 | ) | (88 | ) | 22.7 | (81 | ) | 8.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Review of the year ended
31 December 2022
Central revenue, which is mainly comprised of technology fee income, increased by $2m (1.0%) to $199m. Central revenue was impacted by trading in Greater China resulting in lower technology fees.
Gross costs increased by $22m (7.7%) year-on-year, driven by investment spend to support growth and enhancing the capabilities of our core HR systems,
in addition to underlying inflationary pressures on costs. Investment also included $5m in costs related to Iberostar Beachfront Resorts, with a further net impact on operating profit from reportable segments expected to be $10-15m in 2023. Increases in gross costs were partially offset by favourable currency movements.
The resulting $108m operating loss was an increase of $20m year-on-year.
| 84 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Key performance measures and non-GAAP measures
Key performance measures and non-GAAP measures used by management
The Annual Report and Form 20-F presents certain financial measures when discussing the Group’s performance which are not measures of financial performance or liquidity under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In management’s view, these measures provide investors and other stakeholders with an enhanced understanding of IHG’s operating performance, profitability, financial strength and funding requirements. These measures do not have standardised meanings under IFRS, and companies do not necessarily calculate these in the same way. As these measures exclude certain items (for example, impairment and the costs of individually significant legal cases or commercial disputes), they may be materially different to the measures prescribed by IFRS and may result in a more favourable view of performance. Accordingly, they should be viewed as complementary to, and not as a substitute for, the measures prescribed by IFRS and as included in the Group Financial Statements (see pages 140 to 216).
| Measure | Commentary | |||
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| |||
| Global revenue per available room (RevPAR) growth
RevPAR, average daily rate and occupancy statistics are disclosed on pages 232 and 234. |
RevPAR is the primary metric used by management to track hotel performance across regions and brands. RevPAR is also a commonly used performance measure in the hotel industry.
RevPAR comprises IHG’s System (see Glossary, page 265) rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights available and can be derived from occupancy rate multiplied by average daily rate (ADR). ADR is rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights sold.
References to RevPAR, occupancy and ADR are presented on a comparable basis, comprising groupings of hotels that have traded in all months in both the current and comparable year. The principal exclusions in deriving this measure are new hotels (including those acquired), hotels closed for major refurbishment and hotels sold in either of the comparable years. These measures include the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19.
RevPAR and ADR are quoted at a constant US$ conversion rate, in order to allow a better understanding of the comparable year-on-year trading performance excluding distortions created by fluctuations in exchange rates.
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| |||
| Total gross revenue from hotels in IHG’s System
Owned, leased and managed lease revenue as recorded in the Group Financial Statements is reconciled to total gross revenue on page 72. |
Total gross revenue is revenue not wholly attributable to IHG; however, management believes this measure is meaningful to investors and other stakeholders as it provides a measure of System performance, giving an indication of the strength of IHG’s brands and the combined impact of IHG’s growth strategy and RevPAR performance.
Total gross revenue refers to revenue which IHG has a role in driving and from which IHG derives an income stream. IHG’s business model is described on pages 10 to 13. Total gross revenue comprises:
• total rooms revenue from franchised hotels;
• total hotel revenue from managed hotels including food and beverage, meetings and other revenues and reflects the value IHG drives to managed hotel owners by optimising the performance of their hotels; and
• total hotel revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels.
Other than total hotel revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, total gross revenue is not revenue attributable to IHG as managed and franchised hotels are owned by third parties.
Total gross revenue is used to describe this measure as it aligns with terms used in the Group’s management and franchise agreements and therefore is well understood by owners and other stakeholders.
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| |||
| Revenue and operating profit measures The reconciliation of the most directly comparable line item within the Group Financial Statements (i.e. total revenue and operating profit, accordingly) to the non-IFRS revenue and operating profit measures is included on pages 226 to 232. |
Revenue and operating profit from (1) fee business and (2) owned, leased and managed lease hotels, are described as ‘revenue from reportable segments’ and ‘operating profit from reportable segments’, respectively, within note 2 to the Group Financial Statements. These measures are presented for each of the Group’s regions.
Management believes revenue and operating profit from reportable segments are meaningful to investors and other stakeholders as they exclude the following elements and reflect how management monitors the business:
• System Fund – the Fund is not managed to generate a surplus or deficit for IHG over the longer term, but is managed for the benefit of the hotels within the IHG system. As described within the Group’s accounting policies (page 158), the System Fund is operated to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for specific purposes such as use in marketing, the Guest Reservation System and hotel loyalty programme.
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| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 85 |
Table of Contents
Strategic Report
Performance continued
Key performance measures continued
| 86 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
| Measure |
Commentary | |
|
Adjusted interest Financial income and financial expenses as recorded in the Group Financial Statements is reconciled to adjusted interest on page 231. |
Adjusted interest is presented before exceptional items and excludes foreign exchange gains/losses primarily related to the Group’s internal funding structure and the following items of interest which are recorded within the System Fund:
| |
| • Interest income is recorded in the System Fund on the outstanding cash balance relating to the IHG loyalty programme. These interest payments are recognised as interest expense for IHG.
| ||
| • Other components of System Fund interest income and expense, including capitalised interest, lease interest expense and interest income on overdue receivables.
| ||
| Given results related to the System Fund are excluded from adjusted measures used by management, these are excluded from adjusted interest and adjusted earnings per ordinary share (see below). | ||
| The exclusion of foreign exchange gains/losses provides greater comparability with covenant interest as calculated under the terms of the Group’s revolving credit facility. | ||
| Management believes adjusted interest is a meaningful measure for investors and other stakeholders as it provides an indication of the comparable year-on-year expense associated with financing the business including the interest on any balance held on behalf of the System Fund. | ||
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| Tax excluding the impact of foreign exchange gains/losses, exceptional items and System Fund A reconciliation of the tax charge as recorded in the Group Financial Statements to tax excluding the impact of foreign exchange gains/ losses, exceptional items and System Fund can be found in note 8 to the Group Financial Statements on page 179. |
Foreign exchange gains/losses vary year-on-year depending on the movement in exchange rates and, as outlined above, exceptional items also vary year-on-year. Both can impact the current year’s tax charge. The System Fund is not managed to a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term and is, in general, not subject to tax.
Management believes removing these from both profit and tax provides a better view of the Group’s underlying tax rate on ordinary operations and aids comparability year-on-year, thus providing a more meaningful understanding of the Group’s ongoing tax charge. A reconciliation of the tax charge as recorded in the Group income statement, to tax excluding the impact of foreign exchange gains/losses, exceptional items and System Fund, and the calculation of the underlying tax rate can be found in note 8 to the Group Financial Statements. | |
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| Adjusted earnings per ordinary share Profit available for equity holders is reconciled to Adjusted earnings per ordinary share on page 232. |
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share adjusts the profit available for equity holders used in the calculation of basic earnings per share to remove System Fund revenue and expenses, the items of interest related to the System Fund and foreign exchange gains/losses as excluded in adjusted interest (above), change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration, exceptional items, and the related tax impacts of such adjustments and exceptional tax.
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| Management believes that adjusted earnings per share is a meaningful measure for investors and other stakeholders as it provides a more comparable earnings per share measure aligned with how management monitors the business. | ||
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| Net debt Net debt is included in note 22 to the Group Financial Statements. |
Net debt is used in the monitoring of the Group’s liquidity and capital structure and is used by management in the calculation of the key ratios attached to the Group’s bank covenants and with the objective of maintaining an investment grade credit rating. Net debt is used by investors and other stakeholders to evaluate the financial strength of the business.
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| Net debt comprises loans and other borrowings, lease liabilities, the exchange element of the fair value of derivatives hedging debt values, less cash and cash equivalents. A summary of the composition of net debt is included in note 22 to the Group Financial Statements. | ||
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| Adjusted EBITDA Cash from operations as recorded in the Group Financial Statements is reconciled to adjusted EBITDA on page 70. |
One of the key measures used by the Group in monitoring its debt and capital structure is the net debt: adjusted EBITDA ratio, which is managed with the objective of maintaining an investment grade credit rating. The Group has a stated aim of maintaining this ratio at 2.5-3.0x. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as cash flow from operations, excluding cash flows relating to exceptional items, cash flows arising from the System Fund result, other non-cash adjustments to operating profit or loss, working capital and other adjustments, and contract acquisition costs (key money).
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| Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors as an approximation of operational cash flow generation and is also relevant to the Group’s banking covenants, which use Covenant EBITDA in calculating the leverage ratio. Details of covenant levels and performance against these are provided in note 23 to the Group Financial Statements. | ||
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| Performance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 87 |
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Strategic Report
Performance continued
Key performance measures continued
| Measure |
Commentary | |
| Gross capital expenditure, net capital expenditure, adjusted free cash flow The reconciliation of the Group’s statement of cash flows (i.e. net cash from investing activities, net cash from operating activities, accordingly) to the non-IFRS capital expenditure and cash flow measures is included on pages 230 and 231. |
These measures have limitations as they omit certain components of the overall cash flow statement. They are not intended to represent IHG’s residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures, nor do they reflect the Group’s future capital commitments. These measures are used by many companies, but there can be differences in how each company defines the terms, limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure. Therefore, it is important to view these measures only as a complement to the Group statement of cash flows. | |
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| Gross capital expenditure | Gross capital expenditure represents the consolidated capital expenditure of IHG inclusive of System Fund capital investments (see page 13 for a description of System Fund capital investments and recent examples). | |
| Gross capital expenditure is defined as net cash from investing activities, adjusted to include contract acquisition costs (key money). In order to demonstrate the capital outflow of the Group, cash flows arising from any disposals or distributions from associates and joint ventures are excluded. The measure also excludes any material investments made in acquiring businesses, including any subsequent payments of deferred or contingent purchase consideration included within investing activities, which represent ongoing payments for acquisitions. | ||
| Gross capital expenditure is reported as either maintenance, recyclable or System Fund. This disaggregation provides useful information as it enables users to distinguish between: | ||
| • System Fund capital investments which are strategic investments to drive growth at hotel level; | ||
| • Recyclable investments (such as investments in associates and joint ventures), which are intended to be recoverable in the medium term and are to drive the growth of the Group’s brands and expansion in priority markets; and | ||
| • Maintenance capital expenditure (including contract acquisition costs), which represents a permanent cash outflow. | ||
| Management believes gross capital expenditure is a useful measure as it illustrates how the Group continues to invest in the business to drive growth. It also allows for comparison year-on-year. | ||
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| Net capital expenditure | Net capital expenditure provides an indicator of the capital intensity of IHG’s business model. Net capital expenditure is derived from net cash from investing activities, adjusted to include contract acquisition costs (net of repayments) and to exclude any material investments made in acquiring businesses, including any subsequent payments of deferred or contingent purchase consideration included within investing activities which are typically non-recurring in nature. Net capital expenditure includes the inflows arising from any disposal receipts, or distributions from associates and joint ventures. | |
| In addition, System Fund depreciation and amortisation relating to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, respectively, is added back, reducing the overall cash outflow. This reflects the way in which System Funded capital investments are recovered from the System Fund, over the life of the asset (see page 13). | ||
| Management believes net capital expenditure is a useful measure as it illustrates the net capital investment by IHG, after taking into account capital recycling through asset disposal and the funding of strategic investments by the System Fund. It provides investors and other stakeholders with visibility of the cash flows which are allocated to long-term investments to drive the Group’s strategy. | ||
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| Adjusted free cash flow
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Adjusted free cash flow is net cash from operating activities adjusted for: (1) the inclusion of the cash outflow arising from the purchase of shares by employee share trusts reflecting the requirement to satisfy incentive schemes which are linked to operating performance; (2) the inclusion of maintenance capital expenditure (excluding contract acquisition costs); (3) the inclusion of the principal element of lease payments; and (4) the exclusion of payments of deferred or contingent purchase consideration included within net cash from operating activities. | |
| Management believes adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure for investors and other stakeholders as it represents the cash available to invest back into the business to drive future growth and pay the ordinary dividend, with any surplus being available for additional returns to shareholders. | ||
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Changes in definitions to the 2021 Annual Report and Accounts
The following definitions have been amended:
| • | Adjusted interest, adjusted earnings per ordinary share and the definition of tax excluding the impact of exceptional items and System Fund have been amended to exclude foreign exchange gains/losses recorded within financial expenses. Since the gains/losses are principally as a result of the Group’s internal funding structure they are not reflective of the performance of the Group, and excluding these amounts provides a more comparable year-on-year measure for investors and other users, aligned to how management monitors the business. Comparatives have not been restated as the impact of these changes is not material in 2021. |
| • | The definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA has been amended to reconcile to the nearest GAAP measure, cash flow from operations, reflecting the fact Adjusted EBITDA is primarily used by the Group as a liquidity measure. The value of Adjusted EBITDA is unchanged from 2021. |
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The performance review should be read in conjunction with the Non-GAAP reconciliations on pages 226 to 232 and the Glossary on pages 264 to 265. |
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Table of Contents
Governance
Chair’s overview
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Since joining the Board in June and becoming Chair in September 2022, I have been reminded of the importance and value of strong governance structures and processes, particularly when operating in an unpredictable geopolitical and macroeconomic environment. I am therefore pleased to introduce the Governance Report, which sets forth how IHG’s robust governance framework and strong culture ensure that the business continues to operate responsibly as it delivers against its key strategic priorities.
Throughout 2022, the Board has continued to both challenge and support management, considering the impact of decisions on the interests of stakeholders and ensuring the appropriate balance between addressing short-term needs and achieving the Group’s longer-term strategic objectives. For example, with the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, the Board liaised closely with management on the Group’s response and impact on various stakeholders, keeping a particular focus on the support given to colleagues and the approach to engagement with owners when approving the decision to cease operating hotels in Russia.
Cybersecurity was also a principal feature on the Board’s agenda throughout the year. The Board received regular updates on the Group’s approach to cyber risk management and dedicated significant time to assessing management’s response to the criminal unauthorised access to its technology systems.
Despite the challenges faced by the business, the Board remained focused on the Group’s longer-term strategy. Growth opportunities featured prominently on the Board’s agenda, with the Board pleased to support and approve the Group’s long-term commercial agreement with Iberostar.
As IHG continues to grow at pace and evolve its business, it will remain important for the Board’s governance framework to continue to guide not only IHG’s growth agenda but also the manner in which IHG delivers on the environmental and social commitments set forth in our Journey to Tomorrow responsible business plan. As we do this, the Board will continue to keep the interests of our shareholders, hotel owners, guests, employees and other stakeholders at the forefront of the Board’s decision-making and governance framework.
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Focus areas and activities
The Board had an active year in 2022 and a fuller description of its activities is given on pages 99 to 104.
In addition to the areas of focus already noted, the Board monitored the progress of the loyalty transformation programme, focusing in particular on how performance of IHG One Rewards would be monitored and measured, the competitive positioning of the programme and the need for continued innovation.
Alongside the evolution of our loyalty programme, progress in relation to the Group’s technology initiatives, particularly those which support the customer journey such as the new IHG mobile app, and the Group’s longer-term technology strategy continued to be regular areas of focus.
The Group’s proposition to hotel owners also featured in the Board’s activities throughout the year. The Board received updates on the strategic initiative to strengthen owner returns, including strategies developed to help reduce the costs to owners of building, opening and operating hotels.
The Board was also pleased to consider and approve additional shareholder returns, through the $500m share buyback programme announced during the year as well as approval of the final dividend for 2021 and the interim dividend at the half-year in 2022.
Board composition
With my induction to the Board, we saw the retirement of Patrick Cescau as Chair, following completion of his nine-year term. During his tenure, Patrick played an essential role in driving IHG’s strong culture of governance and reputation for doing business responsibly.
During the year we welcomed Byron Grote as Independent Non-Executive Director. Byron will assume the role of Audit Committee Chair from March 2023, succeeding Ian Dyson who will retire from the Board at the end of February 2023.
We also announced that Jill McDonald will retire from the Board at the end of February 2023, to be succeeded as Chair of the Responsible Business Committee by Graham Allan, the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director.
Patrick, Jill and Ian have all been an integral part of the success of IHG and its Board over their tenures, and I would like to again share our appreciation for their dedication and contributions to the Group.
Further details of the appointments of Byron and Graham, as well as other changes to the Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee announced in December 2022, are set out in the Nomination Committee Report on pages 112 and 113.
I am also proud to report that at the end of 2022, our Board exceeds the FTSE 100 Women Leaders Review target for women on a FTSE 100 Board, and once again, IHG not only meets, but exceeds, the target set by the Parker Review for at least one Director from an ethnically diverse background, with three ethnically diverse Directors.
Committee activities
The Board delegates certain responsibilities to its Committees to assist in ensuring effective corporate governance across the business. During 2022:
| • | The Audit Committee focused on the Group’s controls framework and risk management and resilience arrangements in relation to principal and emerging risks (see its report on pages 105 to 109); |
| • | The Remuneration Committee focused on the revised Directors’ Remuneration Policy and consultation with shareholders (see its report on pages 114 to 136); |
| • | The Responsible Business Committee focused on progress against the 2022 responsible business priorities, which support the Company’s Journey to Tomorrow responsible business plan (see its report on pages 110 and 111); and |
| • | The Nomination Committee focused on the execution of Board and Committee succession plans (see its report on pages 112 and 113). |
Further detail on the Group’s governance structure is given on page 98.
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Board performance review
The Board made good progress on the agreed actions arising out of the 2021 internal Board and Committee effectiveness evaluations. In particular, the return to in-person Board meetings in 2022 allowed for more robust dialogue and engagement among Board and management on key strategic initiatives and emerging issues. The members of the Board were particularly pleased to be able to return to IHG’s offices in the UK and the US to engage with management and employees, and we look forward to similar engagement at the Company’s new global headquarters in Windsor, UK, in 2023.
As I formally started as Chair in September 2022, the Board considered it appropriate to conduct an internal evaluation of the Board’s performance in 2022, with a view to undertaking an external evaluation exercise in 2023, which the Board considers would provide more meaningful and productive insight. Further details of the internal evaluation can be found on pages 103 and 104. Individual Director feedback assessments were also conducted, details of which can be found on page 104.
Compliance and our dual listing
IHG continues to operate as a dual-listed company with a premium listing on the London Stock Exchange and a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Under the UK listing rules, we are obliged to make a statement as to how we have applied the principles of the
UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code), and under the NYSE listing rules, as a foreign private issuer, we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those of US companies. To ensure consistency of information provided to both UK and US investors, we produce a combined Annual Report and Form 20-F.
Our Statement of compliance with the Code is on pages 137 and 138. A summary outlining the differences between the Group’s UK corporate governance practices and those followed by US companies can be found on page 255.
Looking forward
In 2023, the Board will continue to ensure that robust governance structures and processes are in place to enable the Group to focus on achieving its long-term strategic objectives while doing business responsibly and keeping stakeholder interests in mind.
Deanna Oppenheimer
Chair of the Board
20 February 2023
Board and Committee membership and attendance in 2022
| a | In principle the full Board attends the relevant sections of the Audit Committee meetings when financial results are considered. |
| b | In principle the Chair attends all Committee meetings. |
| c | Patrick Cescau retired from the Board on 31 August 2022. |
| d | Deanna Oppenheimer was appointed to the Board from 1 June 2022 and became Non-Executive Chair on 1 September 2022. |
| e | Ian Dyson was unable to attend a Board meeting due to a prior engagement. |
| f | Duriya Farooqui was unable to attend a Responsible Business Committee meeting due to a prior engagement. |
| g | Byron Grote was appointed to the Board from 1 July 2022. |
| h | Jill McDonald was unable to attend a Board meeting and an Audit Committee meeting due to a prior engagement. |
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| Chair’s overview | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 91 |
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Governance
Our Board of Directors
At 20 February 2023, our Board of Directors comprises:
| Deanna Oppenheimer Non-Executive Chair
Appointed to the Board: 1 June 2022 |
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Skills and experience Deanna is founder of CameoWorks, LLC, an advisory firm to CEOs of early-stage technology companies, and BoardReady. Between 2005 and 2011, Deanna worked at Barclays plc where she was Chief Operating Officer of the UK business before becoming CEO of UK and Western Europe Retail Banking and subsequently Vice Chair, Global Retail Banking. Prior to this, Deanna was the President of Consumer Banking at Washington Mutual, Inc. She previously held a number of Non-Executive board positions, including with Tesco PLC (as Senior Independent Director), Whitbread PLC, Worldpay, Inc., and AXA S.A., among others. |
Board contribution Deanna has extensive board-level and executive leadership experience, across a number of high-profile consumer-focused brands, and brings valuable insights and perspectives to IHG. As Chair, Deanna is responsible for leading the Board and ensuring it operates in an effective manner, promoting constructive relations with IHG’s shareholders and with stakeholders.
Other appointments Deanna is the Chair of Hargreaves Lansdown plc and a Non-Executive Director of Thomson Reuters Corporation. She also sits on the private board of Slalom, LLC. | |||
| Keith Barr Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Appointed to the Board: 1 July 2017 |
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Skills and experience Keith has spent more than 30 years working in the hospitality industry across a wide range of roles. He started his career in hotel operations and joined IHG in 2000. Since April 2011 he has been a member of IHG’s Executive Committee. Directly before being appointed CEO, Keith served as Chief Commercial Officer for four years. In this role, he led IHG’s global brand, loyalty, sales and marketing functions, and oversaw IHG’s loyalty programme (now IHG® One Rewards). Prior to this, Keith was CEO of IHG’s Greater China business for four years, setting the foundations for growth. |
Board contribution Keith is responsible for the executive management of the Group and ensuring the implementation of Board strategy and policy.
Other appointments Keith is a Non-Executive Director of Yum! Brands. He also sits on the Board of WiHTL (Women in Hospitality, Travel and Leisure), the World Travel & Tourism Council Executive Committee and the International Advisory Board of EHL. Keith is a graduate of Cornell University’s Nolan School of Hotel Administration and is currently a member of the Dean’s Advisory Board for The Nolan School of Hotel Administration, Cornell SC Johnson College of Business. | |||
| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Group Head of Strategy
Appointed to the Board: 1 January 2014 |
|
Skills and experience Paul is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants and is a graduate of the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Programme. He was previously CFO of IHG’s Europe and Asia, Middle East and Africa regions, a position he held since September 2011. He joined IHG in August 2004 and has held a number of senior-level finance positions, including Head of Investor Relations, Head of Global Corporate Finance and Financial Planning & Tax, and Head of Hotel Development, Europe. Paul also acted as Interim CEO of the Europe, Middle East and Africa region (prior to the reconfiguration of our operating regions). |
Board contribution Paul is responsible, together with the Board, for overseeing the financial operations of the Group and for leading Group strategy.
Other appointments Paul is a Non-Executive Director of Schroders plc. | |||
| Elie Maalouf Chief Executive Officer, Americas
Appointed to the Board: 1 January 2018 |
Skills and experience Elie was appointed CEO, Americas at IHG in February 2015. He joined the Group having spent six years as President and CEO of HMSHost Corporation, where he was also a member of the board of directors. Elie brings broad global experience spanning hotel development, branding, finance, real estate and operations management as well as food and beverage expertise. Elie was Senior Advisor with McKinsey & Company from 2012 to 2014. |
Board contribution Elie brings a deep understanding of the global hospitality sector to the Board from multiple leadership roles across major global franchise businesses. He is responsible for business development and performance of all hotel and resort brands and properties in the Americas region and has global responsibility for customer development, providing oversight of the Global Sales organisation, as well as our owner management and services strategy.
Other appointments Elie is a member of both the American Hotel & Lodging Association Executive Committee of the Board and the U.S. Travel Association CEO Roundtable. In addition, Elie is a board member of the Atlanta Committee for Progress and a member of the Real Estate Roundtable. | ||||
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| Graham Allan Senior Independent Non-Executive Director (SID)
Appointed to the Board: 1 September 2020* |
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Skills and experience Graham was Group Chief Executive of Dairy Farm International Holdings Ltd from 2012 to 2017, a leading Asian retailer headquartered in Hong Kong. He previously served in several senior positions at Pepsico/Yum! Brands from 1992 to 2012, assuming the role of President Yum! Restaurants International in 2003, and led the development of global brands KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell in more than 120 international markets. Prior to his tenure at Yum! Restaurants, he worked as a consultant, including at McKinsey & Company. |
Board contribution Graham brings to the Board more than 40 years of strategic, commercial and brand experience within consumer–focused businesses across multiple geographies. Graham was appointed as Senior Independent Non-Executive Director from 1 January 2022 and will become Chair of the Responsible Business Committee from 1 March 2023.
Other appointments Graham is Senior Independent Non-Executive Director at Intertek plc, Independent Non-Executive Director of Associated British Foods plc and Independent Non-Executive Director of Americana Restaurants International plc. Previously, Graham was a Director of Americana Foods, the former operating company of the Americana Restaurants business. He also serves as Chairman of Bata Footwear, a private company. | |||
| Ian Dyson Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 September 2013 |
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Skills and experience Ian has held a number of senior executive and finance roles, including Group Finance and Operations Director for Marks and Spencer Group plc for five years from 2005 to 2010, where he oversaw significant changes in the business. In addition, Ian was CEO of Punch Taverns plc, Finance Director for the Rank Group Plc, and Group Financial Controller and Finance Director for the hotels division of Hilton Group plc. Ian was previously a Non-Executive Director of SSP Group plc, Senior Independent Non-Executive Director of Flutter Entertainment Plc, and most recently was Chair of the Board of ASOS Plc. |
Board contribution Ian has gained significant experience from working in various senior finance roles, predominantly in the retail, leisure and hospitality sectors. As Chair of the Audit Committee, Ian has been responsible for leading the Committee to ensure effective internal controls and risk management systems are in place.
Other appointments Ian is Chair of the Board of Currys plc. | |||
| Jo Harlow Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 September 2014 |
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Skills and experience Jo most recently held the position of Corporate Vice President of the Phones Business Unit at Microsoft Corporation. She was previously Executive Vice President of Smart Devices at Nokia Corporation, following a number of senior management roles at Nokia from 2003. Prior to that, she held marketing, sales and management roles at Reebok International Limited from 1992 to 2003 and at Procter & Gamble Company from 1984 to 1992. |
Board contribution Jo has more than 25 years’ experience working in various senior roles, predominantly in the branded and technology sectors. Jo became Chair of the Remuneration Committee on 1 October 2017 and, as such, she leads the Committee responsible for setting our Remuneration Policy.
Other appointments Jo is a Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Remuneration Committee of Halma plc, and Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Remuneration Committee of J Sainsbury plc. She is also a member of the Board of Chapter Zero, the Directors’ Climate Forum. | |||
| Jill McDonald Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 June 2013 |
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Skills and experience Jill started her career at Colgate-Palmolive Company, spent 16 years with British Airways Plc and has held a number of senior marketing positions in the UK and overseas. Jill was Chief Executive Officer UK and President for the North West Europe division for McDonald’s, and held a number of other senior roles in the company from 2006. From May 2015 until September 2017, Jill served as Chief Executive Officer of the Halfords Group plc, and from 2017 to 2019, Jill served as Managing Director of Marks & Spencer Clothing and Home. Most recently, Jill was Chief Executive Officer of Costa Coffee. |
Board contribution Jill has over 30 years’ experience working with high-profile international consumer-facing brands at both marketing and operational level. As Chair of the Responsible Business Committee, she has led the Committee responsible for responsible business objectives and strategy and reviewing our approach to sustainable development.
Other appointments Jill is Executive Vice President and President, International Operated Markets, at McDonald’s. | |||
| Byron Grote Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 July 2022 |
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Skills and experience Byron’s career spanned over 30 years in the international oil and gas sector including Standard Oil of Ohio and subsequently BP p.l.c., where he held management positions in retail marketing, trading, mining, exploration and production, renewables, petrochemicals and finance. He served as an Executive Director on the Board of BP p.l.c. for 13 years and was the Chief Financial Officer from 2002 until 2011. He previously served as the Senior Independent Director and Audit Committee Chair at Anglo American plc, as a Non-Executive Director and Audit Committee Chair at Unilever PLC and Unilever N.V., and Non-Executive Director at Standard Chartered PLC. |
Board contribution Byron has extensive experience across a range of leading international businesses, both at Board level and in senior management positions, particularly in finance and chairing audit committees. He is a participant in the European Audit Committee Leadership Network and a member of the Regulation Group of the Audit Committee Chairs’ Independent Forum. Byron will assume the role of Chair of the IHG Audit Committee in March 2023.
Other appointments Byron is a Non-Executive Director at Tesco PLC, where he is the Senior Independent Director and Audit Committee Chair, and Inchcape PLC, as well as on the Supervisory Board of Akzo Nobel N.V., where he is the Deputy Chairman and Audit Committee Chair. | |||
| * | Graham was a member of the Board from 1 January 2010 to 15 June 2012 prior to being appointed as Chief Operating Officer of Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited. |
| Our Board of Directors | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 93 |
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Governance
Our Board of Directors continued
| Daniela Barone Soares Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 March 2021 |
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Skills and experience Daniela is currently Chief Executive Officer of Snowball Impact Management Ltd. She was formerly Chief Executive Officer of financial advisory and strategic consultancy Granito Group. Prior to this, she was Chief Executive Officer at Impetus, a private equity foundation, and Executive Chair of Gove.digital, a private technology business working with the public sector to improve social services in Brazil. She has served on various commercial and non-profit boards and advisory boards, including Halma plc, Evora S.A. in Brazil and the UK National Advisory Board to the G8 Social Impact Investment Taskforce. She also spent nearly 15 years combined in roles at Save the Children, BancBoston Capital private equity, Citibank and Goldman Sachs. |
Board contribution Daniela brings to the IHG Board a clear commitment to ESG responsibilities and in-depth knowledge of the role of technology in driving change.
Other appointments Daniela is a Designated Member of Snowball Impact Investments GP LLP, a diversified investment fund focused on generating financial returns with a positive social and environmental impact. She is also a Trustee of the Haddad Foundation, a Member of the Advisory Board of Forward Institute and Trustee of the Institute for the Future of Work. | |||||
| Arthur de Haast Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 January 2020 |
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Skills and experience Arthur has held several senior roles in the Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) group, including Chair of JLL’s Capital Markets Advisory Council and Chair and Global CEO of JLL’s Hotels and Hospitality Group. Arthur is also a former Chair of the Institute of Hospitality. |
Board contribution Arthur has more than 30 years’ experience in the capital markets, hotels and hospitality sectors, along with significant board-level knowledge around sustainability.
Other appointments Arthur is Chair of JLL’s Capital Markets Advisory Council, an Independent Non-Executive Director of Chalet Hotels Limited and Chair of its Risk Management Committee, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Scottish Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. | |||||
| Duriya Farooqui Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 7 December 2020 |
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Skills and experience Duriya is an Independent Director at Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE), a leading operator of global exchanges and clearing houses, and provider of mortgage technology, data and listings services. She is also an executive coach and mentor with The Exco Group, focused on helping Fortune 500 companies develop high-performing leadership teams. Duriya was previously President of Supply Chain Innovation at Georgia-Pacific, leading an organisation responsible for supply chain transformation. Prior to this, she was Executive Director of Atlanta Committee for Progress, a coalition of over 30 CEOs providing leadership on economic growth and inclusion opportunities in Atlanta. Duriya has also been a principal at Bain & Company and Chief Operating Officer of the City of Atlanta. |
Board contribution Duriya’s diverse board and executive-level experience brings valuable insights and perspectives to IHG. She combines more than two decades of relevant expertise in business strategy, transformation and innovation, with a clear commitment to driving responsible operations and diversity.
Other appointments Duriya is an Independent Director of Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. She serves on the boards of NYSE and ICE NGX, both subsidiaries of ICE, and co-chairs the NYSE Board Advisory Council. Duriya is also a Trustee of Agnes Scott College, a member of the Board of Councilors of The Carter Center and a Board Commissioner of Atlanta Housing. | |||||
| Sharon Rothstein Independent Non-Executive Director
Appointed to the Board: 1 June 2020 |
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Skills and experience Sharon currently serves as Operating Partner of Stripes Group, a growth equity firm investing in high-growth consumer and SaaS (Software as a Service) companies. She previously served as Executive Vice President, Global Chief Marketing Officer and, subsequently, as Executive Vice President, Global Chief Product Officer for Starbucks Corporation. In addition, Sharon has held senior marketing and brand management positions at Sephora LLC, Godiva Chocolatier, Inc., Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Nabisco Biscuit Company and Procter & Gamble Company. |
Board contribution Sharon brings extensive brands, marketing and digital expertise, having worked in senior positions for more than 25 years at iconic global companies. In addition to her knowledge of the hospitality industry, Sharon has wide-ranging board-level experience in a number of consumer-focused businesses.
Other appointments Sharon serves on the boards of Yelp, Inc. and Block, Inc.; and also for private companies True Food Kitchen, Inc., Califia Farms, LLC and Levain Bakery, Inc. | |||||
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| Gender split of Directors
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Skills of Directors
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| Our Board of Directors | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 95 |
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Governance
Our Executive Committee
In addition to Keith Barr, Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson and Elie Maalouf, the Executive Committee comprises:
| Claire Bennett Global Chief Customer Officer
Appointed to the Executive Committee: October 2017 (joined the Group: 2017) |
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Skills and experience Claire has in-depth knowledge of the hospitality industry having spent 11 years at American Express in a range of senior executive roles across business unit general management and operations. In her tenure there, Claire was General Manager (GM) Global Travel & Lifestyle, and held additional roles as EVP and GM for Consumer Loyalty, GM for US Consumer Travel, and SVP of Global Marketing.
Claire has also held senior marketing and general manager positions at Dell, as well as finance and brand management roles at PepsiCo/Quaker Oats Company, building significant expertise across technology, retail e-commerce, financial services, and the travel and hospitality sectors.
Claire currently serves as an independent non-executive Director of Samsonite International S.A. and is on the Chief Digital Officer (CDO) Board for the Mobile Marketing Association (MMA). |
Previously, she served as an Executive Board Member of the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), was a Board Member of Tumi Inc., and has participated on multiple industry advisory boards. Claire is a Certified Public Accountant and holds an MBA from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.
Key responsibilities Claire is responsible for guest experience, brand design, commercial performance, partnerships, marketing, and customer data analytics to ensure a world-class, end-to-end guest experience. | |||
| Jolyon Bulley Chief Executive Officer, Greater China and Group Transformation Lead, Luxury & Lifestyle
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Skills and experience Prior to his appointment as CEO for Greater China, Jolyon was Chief Operating Officer (COO) for the Americas, leading the region’s operations for franchised and managed hotels, in addition to cultivating franchisee relationships and enhancing hotel operating performance. Jolyon also served as COO for Greater China for almost four years, with oversight of the region’s hotel portfolio and brand performance, food and beverage brand solutions, new hotel openings and owner relations. In 2021, he was appointed to lead the Luxury & Lifestyle Transformation Team. |
Jolyon joined IHG in 2001, as Director of Operations in New South Wales, Australia, and then held roles of increasing responsibility across IHG’s Asia-Pacific region. He became Regional Director Sales and Marketing for Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific in 2003, relocated to Singapore in 2005 and held positions of Vice President Operations South East Asia and India, Vice President Resorts, and Vice President Operations, South East and South West Asia. Jolyon graduated from William Angliss Institute in Melbourne with a concentration on Tourism and Hospitality.
Key responsibilities Jolyon’s responsibilities include the management, growth and profitability of IHG’s Greater China region and working to develop and define a clear strategy for our Luxury & Lifestyle brands. | ||||
| Appointed to the Executive Committee: November 2017 (joined the Group: 2001) |
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| Yasmin Diamond, CB Executive Vice President, Global Corporate Affairs
Appointed to the Executive Committee: April 2016 (joined the Group: 2012) |
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Skills and experience Before joining IHG in 2012, Yasmin was Director of Communications at the Home Office, where she advised the Home Secretary, ministers and senior officials on the strategic development and daily management of all the Home Office’s external and internal communications. She was previously Director of Communications at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Head of Communications for Welfare to Work and New Deal; and Head of Marketing at the Department for Education and Skills. Before joining government communications, Yasmin was Publicity Commissioner for the BBC, where she led communications activity around the launch of a new digital learning channel and around the BBC’s educational output for both adults and children. |
In 2011, Yasmin was awarded a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the New Year’s Honours List in recognition of her career in government communications. In addition, Yasmin is an Independent Non-Executive Director of the Rugby Football Union, sits on the Board of Trustees for the British Council, the UK’s international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities, and is a Board Trustee member of the Sustainable Hospitality Alliance.
Key responsibilities Yasmin is responsible for all global corporate affairs activity, focused on supporting and enabling IHG’s broader strategic priorities. This includes all external and internal communications, covering both corporate and consumer brand PR; global government affairs work; and leading IHG’s Corporate Responsibility strategy. | |||
| Nicolette Henfrey Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Company Secretary
Appointed to the Executive Committee: February 2019 (joined the Group: 2001) |
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Skills and experience Nicolette joined IHG in 2001, and prior to leading the Business Reputation and Responsibility function, held a number of senior legal roles, including Deputy Company Secretary, during which time she worked with the Board, Executive Committee and wider organisation to ensure best-in-class delivery and compliance across legal, governance and regulatory areas. Nicolette is a solicitor qualified in England and South Africa and previously worked as a corporate lawyer at Linklaters in London and Findlay & Tait (now Bowmans) in South Africa. |
Key responsibilities Nicolette has global responsibility for all areas of corporate governance, legal, risk management, insurance, regulatory compliance, internal audit and hotel standards. | |||
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| Wayne Hoare Chief Human Resources Officer
Appointed to the Executive Committee: September 2020 (joined the Group: 2020) |
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Skills and experience Wayne has more than 30 years of experience in HR and joined IHG from RCL FOODS, where he spent seven years as the company’s Chief Human Resources Officer, leading RCL FOODS’ culture building and talent strategy for 25,000 employees. Prior to joining RCL FOODS, Wayne spent 26 years at Unilever, where he worked across a broad range of roles in both mature and developing markets across Europe, North America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. |
Wayne’s most recent role at Unilever was as SVP, HR – Global Centres of Expertise, where he held responsibility for the Global Talent, Leadership Development and Reward teams. He led the development of the company’s HR strategy on enabling a performance culture focused on growth.
Key responsibilities Wayne has global responsibility for talent management, learning and capability building, diversity, organisation development, reward and benefit programmes, employee relations and all aspects of the people and organisation strategy for the Group. | |||
| Kenneth Macpherson Chief Executive Officer, EMEAA
Appointed to the Executive Committee: April 2013 (joined the Group: 2013) |
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Skills and experience Kenneth became CEO, EMEAA in January 2018. He was previously IHG’s CEO for Greater China, a role he held from 2013 to 2017. He has extensive experience across sales, marketing strategy, business development and operations. In addition to 12 years living and working in China, Kenneth’s career includes experience in Asia, the UK, France and South Africa. Before IHG, he worked for 20 years at Diageo, one of the UK’s leading branded companies. His senior management positions included serving as Managing Director of Diageo Greater China, where he helped to build the company’s presence and led the landmark deal to acquire ShuiJingFang, a leading manufacturer of China’s national drink, and one of the first foreign acquisitions of a Chinese listed company. |
Key responsibilities Kenneth is responsible for the management, growth and profitability of the EMEAA region. He also manages a portfolio of hotels in some of the world’s most exciting destinations, in both mature and emerging markets. | |||
| George Turner Chief Commercial and Technology Officer
Appointed to the Executive Committee: January 2009 (joined the Group: 2008) |
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Skills and experience In February 2019, George was appointed as Chief Commercial and Technology Officer. Prior to this, he spent over a decade as IHG’s EVP, General Counsel and Company Secretary, with responsibility for corporate governance, risk and assurance, legal, corporate responsibility and information security. He is a solicitor, qualifying to private practice in 1995. Before joining IHG, George spent over 10 years with Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, where he held various key positions including Deputy Company Secretary and Senior Legal Counsel. |
Key responsibilities George’s responsibilities include distribution; channels; revenue management; property, owner, guest and enterprise solutions; guest reservations and customer care; digital; information security; technology; and global sales. | |||
Gender split of Executive Committee
| Our Executive Committee | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 97 |
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Governance
Governance structure
Our governance framework is headed by the Board, which delegates certain management and oversight responsibilities to various Committees to further IHG’s purpose, values and strategy, while conducting business in a responsible manner. Executive management are responsible for the implementation of strategy which is delivered by the Group’s workforce.
The Board and its Principal Committees
The Board is responsible for promoting the long-term sustainable success of the Group and establishes its purpose, values and strategy. Operational matters, routine business and information disclosure procedures are delegated by the Board to Management Committees, with the exception of a number of key decisions and matters that are reserved for the Board. The schedule of matters reserved for the Board was reviewed and approved at the December 2022 Board meeting and is available on our website.
The Board is supported by its four Principal Committees (Audit, Nomination, Remuneration and Responsible Business), all of which consist of Non-Executive Directors. These committees assist the Board in carrying out its functions and in the oversight of the delivery of the strategic objectives it sets for management.
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Committee Reports, including information on their activities during 2022, can be found on pages 105 to 136. |
Pursuant to Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006, the Board has a duty to promote the success of the Company, and in doing so it must have regard to a number of factors including the interests of key stakeholders. The Board’s Section 172 statement describing how stakeholder considerations are taken into account is incorporated in the description of the activities of the Board on pages 100 and 101.
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Further details of key stakeholders and engagement during 2022 can be found on pages 38 and 39. |
The Board is also responsible for reviewing the means for the workforce to raise concerns in confidence and the reports arising from its operation (commonly known as whistleblowing) and it reviewed confidential disclosure channel reports throughout 2022. In addition, a Non-Executive Director is designated to represent the Voice of the Employee in Board discussions. See our Voice of the Employee disclosure on page 111.
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More information on our Board and Committees is available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. |
Management Committees
Operational matters, routine business and information disclosure procedures are delegated by the Board to Management Committees. The Management Committees are comprised of senior executives, including, where relevant, the Executive Directors.
The Executive Committee is chaired by the CEO and considers and manages the day-to-day strategic and operational issues facing the Group. Its remit includes executing the strategic plan once agreed by the Board, monitoring the Group’s performance and providing assurance to the Board in relation to overall performance and risk management.
The General Purposes Committee is chaired by an Executive Committee member and attends to items of a routine nature and to the administration of matters, the principles of which have been agreed previously by the Board or an appropriate Committee.
The Disclosure Committee is chaired by the Group’s Financial Controller and ensures that proper procedures are in place for statutory and listing requirements. This Committee reports to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Audit Committee.
Conduct of Board and Committee meetings
The Chair and Company Secretary operate a collaborative process for setting the Board agenda to ensure that the focus and discussion strike the appropriate balance between the short-term needs of the business and the longer-term strategic objectives. The Chair or Committee Chairs, CEO and Company Secretary also liaise in advance of each Board and Committee meeting to finalise the agendas, set the order in which items are considered and ensure that each matter is allocated sufficient time. The Company Secretary maintains an annual agenda schedule for Board meetings that sets out strategic and operational matters to be considered.
The Board held eight scheduled meetings during the year and individual attendance is set out on page 91. All Directors are expected to attend all Board meetings and relevant Committee meetings unless they are prevented from doing so by prior commitments, illness or a conflict of interest. If Directors are unable to attend Board or Committee meetings, they are sent the relevant papers and asked to provide comments to the Chair of the Board or Committee in advance of the meeting so that their comments can be duly considered.
Time is set aside at the start and end of each Board meeting for the CEO to meet with the Chair and Non-Executive Directors, and for the Chair to meet privately with the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director (SID) and Non-Executive Directors to discuss any matters arising. The SID continues to be available to discuss concerns with shareholders, in addition to the normal channels of shareholder communication.
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Board activities
Matters the Board discussed in 2022
Board meetings
The following table gives an overview of the regular and standing items discussed and decisions made at Board meetings during the year. The table overleaf details the key matters discussed by the Board in 2022 and our Section 172 statement includes information about how stakeholders were considered. In both tables, commercially sensitive information has been excluded. In several areas, much of the substantive preparation work took place within the Board’s Committees and was later confirmed by the Board or the whole Board attended certain sections of Committee meetings. Where this was the case, the discussions are treated as having taken place at Board level.
Regular and standing items
In addition to key focus areas outlined on the following pages, the Board considers a number of regular and standing items at each meeting:
| Area of discussion | Discussion topic and decisions made | |||
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| Chair’s matters | The Chair provided an update on Board developments and meeting plans and his/her current areas of focus and engagement. | |||
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| Chief Executive Officer’s matters | The Chief Executive Officer provided an update on developments within the business, with a particular focus on net system size growth progress during the year and progress against key strategic initiatives. | |||
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| Updates from each of the Board Committees |
The Committee Chairs reported back to the Board on matters covered during their meetings. Details of Committee activities during 2022 can be found on pages 105 to 136. | |||
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| Financial performance | The Board received regular updates from the Chief Financial Officer on recent and current trading, including RevPAR, operating profit, net system size growth and cash flow performance, and these were also compared to competitors’ results and budget. Internal projections were compared with the consensus of analysts’ forecasts to ensure that the Company’s prospects were appropriately reflected in market expectations. | |||
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| Corporate governance | The Board received regulatory development updates from the Company Secretary and General Counsel, covering regulatory changes in areas such as corporate reporting and governance, executive remuneration, climate change, shareholder body voting guidelines and other ESG matters. | |||
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| Regional performance | Throughout the year, the Board received regional performance updates from each of the regional Chief Executive Officers, covering regional market and competitive landscapes, financial performance, regional strategy and progress on regional initiatives, and risks and mitigation measures. | |||
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| Cybersecurity | The Board received regular updates on cyber activity and information security, including ongoing assessment of the Group’s cybersecurity risk profile and the key risk indicators monitored by management. | |||
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| Principal risks, internal controls and risk management systems | The Board received regular updates on principal and emerging risks, internal controls, risk management systems, the Group’s risk appetite, business continuity and the global insurance programme. Committee Chairs also delivered reports on risk topics in relation to the areas of remit for their respective Committees. The Board regards the management of risks in business as fundamental to its role and does this by ensuring that appropriate controls and processes are in place. The regular monitoring of the Group’s risk management systems allows the Board to ensure that issues that might otherwise impact the Group’s reputation for high standards of business conduct are avoided or mitigated as appropriate and that the Group is positioned to respond to uncertainty in an agile manner. | |||
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| Investor relations | The Board receives a regular report outlining share register movements, relative share price performance, investor relations activities and engagement with shareholders. The Board also considered views shared from the regular investor and analyst perception studies and feedback surveys as well as individual meetings with investors. | |||
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| Corporate affairs | The Board receives a regular report outlining various geopolitical and social issues pertaining to IHG and its business; corporate affairs activity supporting IHG’s corporate reputation, brands and responsible business agenda; owner and colleague engagement; government and advocacy programmes; and industry-body engagement. | |||
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In addition to the scheduled meetings during the year, the Board also convened separate meetings specifically to consider the Group’s ongoing operations in Russia following the invasion of Ukraine and management’s response to the criminal, unauthorised access to its technology systems. See pages 46, 101, 105, 107 and 212 for additional information on management’s response to criminal, unauthorised access to its technology systems and pages 48, 100, 102, 105, 106 and 176 for more information on the Group’s response to the war in Ukraine.
| Board activities | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 99 |
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Governance
Board activities continued
Key matters discussed in 2022 and Section 172 statement
Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 requires a director of a company to promote the success of that company, and in doing so the director must have regard to six factors. These are: the long-term consequences of a decision; the interests of its employees; business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; its impact on the community and environment; the desirability of maintaining high standards of business conduct; and the need to act fairly between members of the company. The table below summarises some of the main matters dealt with by the Board during the year and how it took the Section 172 factors into account. The relevant Section 172 factors are identified in the key at the bottom of the page.
| Finance and performance | ||||
| Shareholder returns The Board considered and approved a final dividend for 2021, an interim dividend for 2022 and a $500m share buyback programme.
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In considering the dividends paid during the year and the share buyback programme, the Board took into account the creation of value for shareholders, analysts’ expectations in the context of the Company’s trading and viability assessments and capacity to pay as well as the external environment, including the geopolitical situation and macroeconomic developments, while having regard to the Group’s dividend policy. | |||
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| Group finance facility The Board considered and approved the refinancing of the Group’s $1.35bn syndicated revolving credit facility.
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When deciding to approve the refinancing of the Group’s $1.35bn revolving credit facility, the Board recognised the importance of the new facility to the Group’s short and medium-term funding and liquidity prospects and noted the positive implications of having the new facility in place for the Group’s stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, owners, guests and shareholders. | |||
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| Financial statements The Board considered and approved the full and half year financial results statements, including the going concern and viability statements, and whether the Annual Report was fair, balanced and understandable.
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In reviewing and approving for publication the Group’s financial statements, the Board ensured that the Group has met its regulatory requirements in relation to providing shareholders and other stakeholders with accurate information regarding the Group and further maintained the Group’s reputation for operating with high ethical standards. | |||
| Strategic and operational matters | ||||
| Brand portfolio The Board approved the long-term commercial agreement for resort and all-inclusive hotels with Iberostar.
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In approving the commercial agreement with Iberostar, the Board considered a variety of factors including the long-term culture fit between IHG and Iberostar, the enhanced attractiveness for IHG One Rewards members to gain access to a significant number of resorts globally, and the longer-term financial impact of the agreement, including the impact on IHG’s system size and growth strategy. The Board also considered the opportunities to advance a sustainable tourism agenda and the Group’s Journey to Tomorrow initiatives. | |||
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| Brand portfolio The Board considered and endorsed the approach to IHG’s Luxury & Lifestyle operating model.
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As part of the Board’s oversight of brand strategy, and recognising the long-term need to grow IHG’s Luxury & Lifestyle portfolio to respond to guest preference, the Board considered and endorsed the development of IHG’s Luxury & Lifestyle operating model to drive strategic growth in this area, effectively support owners in the operation of hotels, and develop colleagues to create a longer-term, more diverse talent pipeline for this estate. | |||
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| Loyalty strategy The Board considered and endorsed the ongoing approach to the re-launch of the IHG One Rewards programme.
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As part of the Board’s oversight of brand strategy in relation to IHG’s masterbrand, the Board, in monitoring and endorsing the approach to the ongoing roll-out of IHG One Rewards, had particular regard for the cost and operational complexity for owners, the impact on guest expectations and experience, and the long-term competitive positioning of the programme. | |||
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| Operating regions The Board approved the decision to cease the Group’s hotel operations in Russia.
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In approving the decision, the Board took into consideration the impact of IHG’s withdrawal from Russia on IHG’s owners and colleagues, shareholder and guest expectations in relation to companies continuing to operate in Russia in light of the war in Ukraine, regulatory considerations, corporate governance and reporting requirements, and IHG’s reputation for operating responsibly. | |||
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| Operating regions The Board approved the restructuring of leases for a portfolio of hotels in the UK.
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In its decision to approve the restructuring of leases for a portfolio of hotels in the UK, the Board paid particular regard to the impact of the restructuring on the hotels’ employees, the long-term financial impact of the changes, and the opportunity to use the hotels to advance the Group’s Journey to Tomorrow commitments, particularly with respect to carbon reduction initiatives. The Board also took into account the positive impact of retaining high-profile assets in key locations on investors, hotel owners and guests. | |||
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| Key to considerations | ||||||||||
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Long term |
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Suppliers and customers |
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High standards | |||||
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Employees |
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Community and environment |
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Act fairly between members | |||||
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| Technology The Board reviewed and endorsed management’s response to the criminal, unauthorised access to the Group’s technology systems.
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The Board received and considered updates regarding management’s response to the criminal, unauthorised access to IHG’s technology system, including in relation to the impact on guest data, regulatory and governance requirements and communications, the short and long-term consequences of the manner in which IHG responded to the incident, and the impact on IHG’s reputation. | |||
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| Technology The Board endorsed the strategic plan for delivery of technology supporting the customer journey.
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In considering and endorsing the long-term technology strategy and digital roadmap, including the roll-out of IHG’s new mobile booking app, the Board had specific regard for the impact to guests, owners and on-property colleagues in relation to ease of use, retention of loyal guests, and booking optimisation. The Board further considered the long-term impact on the IHG Masterbrand and loyalty programme, risks associated with reliance on third-party suppliers, and the need to remain agile to address industry changes. | |||
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| Growth strategy in regions – Americas, EMEAA and Greater China The Board received in-depth regional updates from the CEOs of each of the Group’s three regions, and provided oversight with regard to the Group’s growth strategy over both the short and long term.
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The Board received regular updates from the Group’s operating regions, covering the Group’s positioning and performance in relevant markets and in relation to brand performance, underlying growth drivers and the competitive environment, and further focused on actions to accelerate the Group’s growth. In its discussions, the Board paid particular attention to critical owner considerations in relation to building, operating and renovating hotels, such as financing and cost and supply constraints. | |||
| Board governance
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| Board composition The Board approved the appointments of Deanna Oppenheimer as Chair of the Board, Byron Grote as Non-Executive Director and Chair Designate of the Audit Committee, and Graham Allan as Chair Designate of the Responsible Business Committee.
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When approving Board succession plans, the Board had particular regard for ensuring that both the Board and its Principal Committees have the appropriate mix of skills, experience and knowledge to provide effective oversight over the short and long-term strategic objectives of the Group and effectively consider the interests of its stakeholders while also maintaining high standards of business conduct and complying with the UK Corporate Governance Code. | |||
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| Board composition The Board approved the appointment of Michael Glover as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director.
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When progressing and approving Board and Executive Committee succession plans, the Board had regard for ensuring that both have the appropriate mix of skills, experience and knowledge, and further considered shareholder expectations, the impact to colleagues, IHG’s desire to maintain its high standards of business conduct, and the long-term financial success of the Group. | |||
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| Policy governance The Board approved the IHG Policy Governance Policy.
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The Board approved a new Global Policy Governance Policy to drive clarity, consistency and alignment of IHG’s global policies across the business. In doing so, the Board focused on maintaining high standards of business conduct and ensuring that the impact on various stakeholders was considered in the development of IHG global policies. | |||
| People
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| Diversity, equity and inclusion The Board approved the Group’s updated Global Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Equal Opportunities (DE&I) Policy, and further had oversight of the Group’s DE&I initiatives.
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In approving the revised DE&I Policy, the Board acknowledged the critical role the policy plays in defining and embedding IHG’s culture, and further noted the impact of IHG’s culture on its business relationships with third parties including investors, hotel owners and guests as well as employees.
The Board also recognised the increased broader societal scrutiny on ESG matters such as diversity and inclusion, endorsing the revised policy’s alignment with the Group’s broader Journey to Tomorrow ambitions and commitments. | |||
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| Our people and culture The Board regularly considered workplace culture, taking into account feedback from the Voice of the Employee engagement plan.
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The Board assessed and monitored culture throughout the year, receiving regular updates from the CEO and from the Voice of the Employee engagement plan, overseen by the designated Non-Executive Director for workforce engagement. The Board had particular regard for the feedback received via the Voice of the Employee programme in relation to culture, ways of working, diversity, wellbeing and benefits, executive remuneration and IHG’s strategy and communications processes. | |||
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See pages 38 and 39 for information about how we have engaged with our stakeholders in 2022. Further details of our regard for the environment are on pages 35 to 37 and 54 to 61. |
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Governance
Board activities continued
Our shareholders and investors
During 2022, IHG continued its open dialogue with shareholders and investors, and conducted its annual programme of investor relations activities, with support from its brokers and advisers. The Board received regular updates and considered feedback as outlined on page 99. In addition, our Registrar and American Depositary Receipts (ADR) programme custodians have supported shareholders and ADR holders with their queries.
Committee Chairs and the Senior Independent Director are available for shareholders if they have concerns they wish to discuss.
Annual General Meeting (AGM)
The Board was pleased to be able to meet shareholders in person at the 2022 AGM, following two years of ‘virtual’ meetings.
Our 2023 AGM will be held on Friday 5 May 2023. The notice of meeting will be sent to shareholders and be made available on our website in due course.
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Visit www.ihgplc.com/investors under Shareholder centre. | |
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Further information on the Board’s engagement with shareholders and investors is included on page 38 |
Balancing the interests of stakeholders – Ending our operations in Russia
Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and in response to the ongoing war, the Board specifically convened to review IHG’s hotel operations in Russia, ultimately agreeing that all operations should cease. The Board carefully considered a number of factors, including evolving sanctions laws in the UK, US and EU, and the impact to IHG’s stakeholders.
| • | Colleagues: The Board prioritised consideration of employees, focusing on their safety and mitigating the impact to those employees directly employed by IHG, including in our corporate office in Moscow, General Managers in hotels, and employees in other regional offices outside of Russia who provided support to hotels and owners in the region. |
| • | Owners: All of our hotels in Russia, both managed and franchised, were owned by third parties who employed the majority of workers at their properties. The Board considered the interests of our owners at length, understanding the impact of ceasing operations on these relationships, and further considered the impact to IHG’s reputation among the larger hotel owner community. |
| • | Guests & Communities: IHG’s reputation with guests and the wider community was considered at length, including the impact on IHG’s brands and the importance of maintaining high standards of business conduct. |
| • | Shareholders: In addition to evaluating the impact to IHG’s reputation, the Board also had regard for the impact on our long-term growth strategy in the region as well as wider geopolitical tensions. |
The Board continues to monitor the war and, in particular, the impact to our two hotels in Ukraine. IHG’s operations team continues to support these hotels and their colleagues, while IHG has also provided support to refugees through hotel stays, meals and humanitarian aid.
Although IHG is no longer operating in Russia, the Board continues to monitor ongoing impacts arising from the war as part of its review of principal and emerging risks, crisis management and business continuity.
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See pages 175 and 176, note 6 for further details regarding the financial impact of IHG’s exit from its Russia operations. |
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Director appointments and induction
Director appointments
Details of the appointments to the Board made during 2022 are described in the Nomination Committee Report on pages 112 and 113.
New Director inductions
Upon appointment, all new Directors undergo a comprehensive and formal induction programme which is tailored to meet their individual needs. We believe this is crucial to ensure our Directors have the full understanding of all aspects of our business and familiarity with the Group’s purpose, culture and values, to ensure they are able to contribute effectively to the Board.
For Deanna Oppenheimer and Byron Grote, tailored induction plans were prepared in advance of their appointments to the Board. Their plans broadly covered the following topics, while being tailored to their respective roles as incoming Chair of the Board and Chair of the Audit Committee, with a particular emphasis on understanding IHG’s business, long-term strategy and governance processes and controls:
| • | information on the Group’s purpose, culture, values and strategy, including its business model, brands and the markets in which it operates; |
| • | key strategic initiatives; |
| • | our approach to internal controls and our risk management strategy; |
| • | information on the Board, its Committees and IHG’s governance processes; |
| • | a reminder of the rules relating to maintaining the confidentiality of inside information and restrictions in dealing in IHG shares, together with a briefing on the policies and procedures IHG has in place to ensure compliance with such rules; and |
| • | meetings with members of the Board and the Executive Committee, senior management from functions across the Group, the external Auditor and other key external advisers. |
Additional appointments
During 2022, the Board considered and endorsed the following additional appointments of Directors:
| • | Graham Allan as a director of Ikano Pte. Ltd. |
| • | Ian Dyson as Chair of Currys plc, following completion of his role as Chair of ASOS plc. |
| • | Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson as non-executive director of Schroders plc. |
| • | Duriya Farooqui as a member of the Board of Commissioners of the Atlanta Housing Authority. |
| • | Byron Grote as non-executive director of Inchcape PLC. |
| • | Jill McDonald as Executive Vice President and President, International Operated Markets of McDonald’s Corporation, transitioning from her position as CEO of Costa Coffee. |
| • | Sharon Rothstein as a Board member of Califia Farms, LLC and a Board member of Block, Inc., following the acquisition of Afterpay Limited by Block, Inc. |
In each case, the Board took into account other appointments, the time commitment required for each role and the context of the UK Corporate Governance Code, including institutional investor and proxy adviser guidelines concerning over-boarding. It was concluded that the additional appointments should not adversely impact their performance but should enhance their ability to provide constructive challenge and strategic guidance.
Ongoing Director training and development
We understand the importance of an ongoing training programme for Directors to enable them to fully understand the Group’s business and operations in the context of the rapidly developing environment in which it operates. The Chair continues to review the training and development needs with each Director on a regular basis and the Board is made aware of training opportunities.
Board and Committee meetings are regularly used to update Directors on developments in the environment in which the business operates and in-depth presentations are provided on key topical areas. In 2022, these sessions included detailed discussions on the socio-political and economic outlook against the background of the war in Ukraine, labour market challenges, China’s zero-Covid-19 policy and the move to a more decarbonised economy. The Board also received an in-depth update on loyalty programmes, including the hotel loyalty programme landscape and the future of loyalty programmes.
In addition, the Company Secretary provides regular updates on regulatory, corporate governance and legal matters, and Directors are able to meet individually with senior management if necessary.
In addition to training provided during Board and Committee meetings, the reopening of IHG’s corporate offices allowed for additional Board training and engagement sessions at IHG’s Americas headquarters in Atlanta, in particular for Non-Executive Directors who joined the Board during the pandemic in 2021 and 2022. These sessions, joined by Arthur de Haast, Sharon Rothstein, Duriya Farooqui and Byron Grote, covered a range of topics relating to Brands and Marketing, Finance, Commercial and Technology, and the Americas region’s performance and strategy, and further included site visits to several hotels across IHG’s portfolio of brands as well as IHG’s design center.
Internal evaluation
Given the shortness of the incoming Chair’s time in role in 2022, the Board undertook an internal evaluation of the Board’s performance, with the intention to undertake an external evaluation in 2023.
Board members were asked to consider the Board’s overall effectiveness by completing an internal questionnaire, which focused on the following areas:
| • | progress in implementing agreed action items from the 2021 effectiveness review; |
| • | Board composition, including knowledge, experience and competencies, and succession planning; |
| • | Board dynamics and information flow from management to the Board; |
| • | engagement between the Board and management; and |
| • | Board leadership and strategic focus. |
The responses of Board members to the questionnaire were largely favourable in relation to all areas of the Board’s operation. The feedback highlighted that the Board’s engagement with management continues to be robust and effective, with the reporting from management to the Board comprehensive, in particular in relation to strategic priorities, risk management, stakeholder engagement, and liquidity and financial resilience. Board members commented positively that the Board continues to thoughtfully and effectively challenge management while supporting management’s decisions. The feedback further confirmed that the Board continues to be effective in safeguarding the governance, reputation, viability and future value of IHG.
With regard to implementation of the actions agreed in relation to the 2021 Board effectiveness evaluation, Board members generally agreed that this work had progressed, particularly in relation to Board dynamics, with the return to in-person meetings in 2022 facilitating more effective discussions.
| Board activities | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 103 |
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Governance
Board activities continued
Board development and effectiveness evaluation
The following areas of continued focus and recommended actions for 2023 were noted:
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Long-term strategy |
Board members positively noted the progress made in relation to the additional focus on implementation of the long-term strategy in particular, and noted this should continue in 2023, in light of the increasingly competitive landscape and other complex geopolitical and economic factors.
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Board agenda, materials & dynamics |
Feedback indicated that Board agendas continue to be well constructed and the materials are informative and comprehensive, with good progress having been made on more forward-looking information, but this should continue to be a priority for 2023, with a view to making the materials more concise. Board members also noted that meetings could benefit from more streamlined presentations, allowing for additional discussion time.
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Board composition & succession planning |
The responses of Board members noted that the current balance of skills, knowledge and experience at the Board was appropriate, but this should be kept under review, particularly as Board members retire. Looking ahead, it was felt that the Board could benefit from increased digital/technology, remuneration and global C-suite experience.
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Directors’ performance evaluation
In addition to the internal Board evaluation process outlined above, the Chair considered the individual performance of the Non-Executive Directors, focusing on their contribution to the Board and Principal Committees and engagement with fellow Directors, in light of their relevant skills, knowledge and experience. Particular points of note were shared with the individual Directors and overall, the Chair concluded that the Directors perform their duties independently and effectively and that they dedicate sufficient time to discharge their Board responsibilities.
The performance assessment of the Chair was led by the SID. Given the limited tenure of the Chair in 2022, the evaluation focused on overall leadership during the transition, with a more extensive evaluation to occur following the Chair’s completion of the first full year of her term.
The CEO evaluation was led by the Chair, who collected feedback from the Non-Executive Directors. Key areas of focus included:
| • | company performance and impact of the CEO; |
| • | the relationship and ability to work collaboratively and transparently with the Board; |
| • | delivery of the Group’s growth agenda; |
| • | regard for community and the environment; |
| • | building talent and organisational capabilities; and |
| • | progress in relation to IHG’s 2022 plan and future needs. |
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Audit Committee Report
As Chair of the Audit Committee, I am pleased to present the Committee’s report for the year ended 31 December 2022.
The Committee supports the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities regarding financial reporting, the effectiveness of the Group’s risk management and internal controls systems and other compliance matters.
During the year, the Group operated in a volatile and uncertain environment while continuing to drive an ambitious agenda of initiatives in pursuit of growth. In this context, the Committee remained agile throughout the year and focused its attention on reviewing and obtaining assurance on evolving risk management and resilience arrangements in relation to the Group’s principal and emerging risks.
The Committee’s review and oversight of the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and risk management systems included specific focus on management’s response to the criminal, unauthorised access to its technology systems and the governance and assurance relating to the transition of the Group’s primary HR systems and the Committee concluded there were no material weaknesses in the control environment.
In terms of the broader regulatory landscape, the Committee considered emerging reporting requirements, including in relation to independent assurance of disclosures particularly relating to ESG and climate reporting, as well as ongoing UK audit and corporate governance reform, and further reviewed the Company’s plans to address these evolving requirements.
As the Company announced in May 2022, I will retire from the Board on 28 February 2023 and will be succeeded as Chair of the Committee by Byron Grote on 1 March 2023. Accordingly the Committee and I have worked closely with Byron to ensure an orderly transition.
Looking back over my tenure, maintaining strong financial governance and effective internal controls has remained paramount in an increasingly complex risk and financial reporting environment. I would like to thank all those who, during my tenure, have contributed to the Committee and the robust governance framework and culture that continue to guide the Group in operating responsibly.
Ian Dyson
Chair of the Audit Committee
20 February 2023
Key duties and role of the Committee
Key objectives and summary of responsibilities
The Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that IHG maintains a strong control environment. It monitors the integrity of IHG’s financial reporting, including significant financial reporting judgements, maintains oversight and reviews our systems of internal control and risk management, monitors and reviews the effectiveness and performance of internal and external audit functions, as well as reviewing the behaviours expected of IHG’s employees through the Code of Conduct and related policies.
The Committee’s role, responsibilities and authority delegated to it by the Board are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR), which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board.
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The ToR are available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. |
As noted, the Committee focused its attention on reviewing and obtaining assurance in relation to emerging and evolving risks as well as the Group’s financial statements and controls. Key areas of focus over the year have been:
| • | review of the Group’s approach to management of risk in an uncertain and volatile geopolitical and macroeconomic environment, including the risk, legal and accounting implications of the Group’s exit from its hotel operations in Russia; |
| • | review and oversight of management’s response to the criminal, unauthorised access to the Group’s technology systems, including recovery of systems and assessment of steps taken to mitigate risk to the Group’s financial systems, controls and position; |
| • | oversight of the Group’s financial governance programme, including review of the governance and assurance relating to the transition of the Group’s primary HR systems; |
| • | review of and challenge to financial reporting throughout the year to ensure the Financial Statements provide a true and fair view of the Group’s performance and that latest guidance and reporting regulations by regulators were appropriately applied; |
| • | consideration of the Group’s approach to governance, risk management and internal control arrangements in relation to franchised and managed deal approval; |
| • | review of the Group’s approach to the management of operational safety and security risks as well as key compliance programmes in relation to ethics and compliance and privacy; and |
| • | the future role of the Committee in relation to non-financial reporting assurance. |
Membership and attendance at meetings
Details of the Committee’s membership and attendance at meetings are set out on page 91. The CEO, CFO, General Counsel and Company Secretary, Group Financial Controller, Head of Risk and Assurance and our external Auditor attended all meetings in 2022. The Chair of the Board also aims to attend all meetings and in 2022 attended all but one of the meetings. Other attendees are invited to meetings as appropriate and the CEO and all other Directors were invited to Committee meetings where the approval of financial reporting was considered and discussed. The Committee continues to hold private sessions with the internal and external Auditors without the presence of management to ensure that a culture of transparency is maintained.
The Committee Chair continues to have recent and relevant financial experience and all members of the Committee are Independent Non-Executive Directors. In accordance with the Code, the Board also considers that the Committee as a whole possesses competence relevant to the Company’s sector, having a range of financial and commercial experience in the hospitality industry and the broader commercial environment in which the Group operates. Further details of the skills and experience of the Committee members can be found on pages 93 to 95.
| Audit Committee Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 105 |
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Governance
Audit Committee Report continued
Reporting to the Board
Following each Committee meeting, the Committee Chair updates the Board on key issues discussed. The papers and minutes for each meeting are circulated to all Board members, who are invited to request further information if required and to provide any challenge where necessary.
Effectiveness of the Committee
During the year, the Committee’s effectiveness was reviewed as part of the internal Board evaluation process. It was concluded that the Committee remains effective.
Focus areas and activities
Financial and narrative reporting
During the year, the Committee reviewed and recommended approval of the interim and annual Financial Statements (considering the relevant accounting and reporting matters such as key judgement areas, going concern and viability statements, the financial reporting impacts of commercial litigation and disputes, exceptional items and impairment reviews) and the Group’s quarterly trading updates. All members of the Board are asked to attend these meetings.
As well as receiving input and guidance from the external Auditor on the areas outlined above, the Committee also received regular reports from the Chair of the Disclosure Committee, which liaised closely with other external advisers of the Group to ensure that disclosure and regulatory requirements were being appropriately considered and met. Copies of the Disclosure Committee’s minutes were also provided to the Committee.
The Committee received early drafts of the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 (Annual Report), and when providing comments considered: (i) the process for preparing and verifying the Annual Report, which included review by the Executive Committee and input from senior employees in the Company Secretariat, Legal, Operations, Strategy, Human Resources, Finance, Risk and Assurance teams; (ii) a report from the Chair of the Disclosure Committee; and (iii) a checklist prepared by the Annual Report team confirming compliance with the relevant regulatory requirements.
The Committee also considered management’s analysis of how the content, taken as a whole, was ‘fair, balanced and understandable’, and whether it contained the necessary information for shareholders to assess the Group’s position, performance, business model and strategy. In order to reach this conclusion, a dedicated project team worked on the contents of the Annual Report and a detailed verification process to confirm the accuracy of the information contained within the Annual Report was undertaken by the Financial Planning and Analysis department. The Committee then considered both the structure and content of the Annual Report to ensure that the key messages were effectively and consistently communicated and that meaningful links between the business model, strategy, KPIs, principal risks and remuneration were clearly identified throughout the Annual Report. The Committee specifically considered the impact of the ongoing trading recovery following the pandemic on performance, strategy and business resilience and where it impacted the nature of the judgements and estimation uncertainty. The Committee also considered the proportionate and consistent consideration of climate matters across the Annual Report, including the TCFD statement and an asset-by-asset review for impairment purposes.
Alongside this review, the Committee considered guidance provided by the FRC throughout the year including in relation to TCFD disclosures and climate risk in the Financial Statements, judgements and estimates, deferred tax assets, earnings per share and business combinations and concluded that appropriate enhancements had been made to ensure alignment with the latest guidance.
Following a review of the contents of the Annual Report alongside the aforementioned criteria, the Committee reported its recommendation to approve the Annual Report to the Board.
Significant matters in the 2022 Financial Statements
Throughout 2022, the Committee provided ongoing challenge to management’s accounting, reporting and internal controls. The Committee discussed with management and the external Auditor the significant areas of complexity, management judgement and estimation in relation to the Financial Statements, and the impact of any accounting developments or legislative changes. The Committee has satisfied itself that management had adequately identified and considered all potentially significant accounting and disclosure matters. The key items discussed are outlined on pages 108 and 109.
Correspondence with US regulator
The Group received a letter dated 11 July 2022 from the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with comments on the Group’s Form 20-F 2021 disclosures in connection with non-GAAP measures. The Group addressed the SEC’s comments and took them into account in the preparation of the 2022 interim Financial Statements as well as the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022.
Internal control and risk management
The Board is responsible for establishing procedures to manage risk, overseeing the internal control framework and determining the nature and extent of the principal risks the Company is willing to take to achieve its long-term objectives. The Committee supports the Board by reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and risk management systems and assessing emerging and principal risks.
In order to effectively review the internal control and risk management systems, the Committee:
| • | receives regular reports from management, the Risk and Assurance team and the external Auditor on the effectiveness of the systems for risk management and internal controls, including financial, operational and compliance controls; |
| • | reviews the process by which risks are identified (including procedures in place to identify emerging risks and linkage to wider consideration of strategy and resilience) and assesses the timeliness and effectiveness of action taken by management, including regular reports on the Company’s overall risk management and internal controls systems and principal risks; and |
| • | receives regular reports relevant to risk management internal controls, both financial and non-financial, to ensure that current and emerging risks are identified and assessed and that there is an appropriate management response (see pages 44 to 51 for further detail on our risks and initiatives to manage them). |
As part of the Committee’s review of the internal control and risk management systems, key financial, operational and compliance controls across the business continue to be monitored and tested throughout the year. The Committee assesses the approach to Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 (SOX) compliance in accordance with our US obligations and reviews reports on the progress of the SOX programme at each meeting.
During 2022, the Committee considered the activity undertaken by the Risk and Assurance team to review and refresh risk profiles and integrate resilience planning into the prioritisation and capability building of the Group’s business teams. The Committee also received updates on key assurance projects relating to the evolution of the Group’s loyalty programme and the transition of the Group’s primary HR system. The Committee reviewed emerging risks in relation to the war in Ukraine and the impact of the Group ceasing operations in Russia, including in relation to financial statements. The Committee also reviewed the response to the unauthorised access to its technology systems, including the roles played by management teams, risk functions and Internal Audit, focusing in particular on considerations for and assessment of the financial control environment.
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Having reviewed the internal controls and risk management systems throughout the year, the Committee concluded that the Group continues to have an effective system of risk management and internal controls, and that there are no material weaknesses in the control environment.
Tax risks, policies and governance
The Group’s CFO has responsibility for tax and tax policies at Board level. These policies and procedures are subject to regular review and update and are approved by the Audit Committee. Procedures to minimise risk include the preparation of thorough tax risk assessments for all transactions carrying material tax risk and, where appropriate, material tax uncertainties are discussed and resolved with tax authorities in advance.
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Our Approach to Tax document is available at www.ihgplc.com/en/responsible-business/policies |
Principal risk areas
During the year, the Committee discussed and assessed the range and aggregate impact of dynamic risks that the Group faced in the context of the volatile geopolitical and macroeconomic environment. The Committee considered the following areas:
| • | operational risks and wider stakeholder considerations and uncertainties relating to information security, sanctions, payment systems and supply chain caused by the war in Ukraine; |
| • | additional supply chain uncertainties arising as a result of continuing Covid-19 restrictions in Greater China; and |
| • | the ongoing competitive labour and salary environment, heightening risks to achievement of strategy and goals, process continuity, and employee wellbeing. |
Particular attention was also paid to cybersecurity and governance in the context of the criminal, unauthorised access to the Group’s technology systems.
Further details of our principal risks, uncertainties and review process can be found on pages 44 to 51.
Non-audit services
The independence and objectivity of the non-audit services provided by the external Auditor to the Group are safeguarded by IHG’s Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy. The policy is reviewed by the Audit Committee annually.
The policy requires that pre-approval is obtained from the Audit Committee for all services provided by the external Auditor before any work can commence, in line with US SEC requirements, without any de minimis threshold and UK ethical standards. The Committee reviewed the audit and non-audit fees incurred with the external Auditor and noted that there had been no prohibited services (as defined by SOX or under UK ethical standards) provided to the Group during the year. The Committee is prohibited from delegating non-audit services approval to management and compliance with the policy is actively managed.
IHG is committed to maintaining non-audit fees at a low level and the Committee remains cognisant of investor advisory bodies’ guidelines on non-audit fees. During 2022, 11% of services provided to the Group were non-audit services (2021: 11%), primarily related to System and Organisation Controls (SOC) Reports. Details of the fees paid to PwC for non-audit and statutory audit work during 2022 can be found on page 174. The Committee is satisfied that the Company was compliant during the year with the FRC’s Ethical and Auditing Standards in respect of the scope and maximum permitted level of fees incurred for non-audit services provided by PwC. Where non-audit work is performed by PwC, both the Company and PwC ensure adherence to robust processes to prevent the objectivity and independence of the external Auditor being compromised.
Risk and assurance – Internal Audit
The Committee discusses and approves the Internal Audit annual plan, which aims to provide objective and insightful assurance that appropriate controls are in place to support our strategy and growth ambitions. Progress against the Internal Audit plan is reported at each meeting and, during 2022, the Committee reviewed several areas set out in the plan, including data ownership and integrity, governance and assurance in relation to metrics, and controls access.
The 2023 plan presented to the Committee in December 2022 maintains focus on the integrity of the risk management and internal control system, providing independent assurance to complement management’s own activities where these are relatively mature, well-governed and/or regulated. Areas of focus in 2023 include attention on principal risks related to data and information usage and storage and operational resilience to incidents/disruption.
Following consideration, the Committee confirmed its agreement to the 2023 Internal Audit plan, including the assurance objectives identified. The Committee reviews the results of completed audits and observations from other ongoing assurance and control improvement support, as well as actions taken by management in response to Internal Audit’s work.
The functional effectiveness of Internal Audit is assessed on an ongoing basis and reported to the Committee throughout the year. During 2022, this has involved feedback from auditees and self-assessment of execution against methodology. This has highlighted ongoing conformance to recognised standards for internal auditing and positive feedback on the team’s sustained support to management to understand risks and control approaches through their work, and considered opportunities for continuous improvement, for example, relating to the application of market best practice, application of audit management tools, and protocols for ethics reporting. An independent quality evaluation of the function will be conducted in early 2023.
Governance and compliance
The Committee is also responsible for reviewing the Group’s Code of Conduct and related policies.
Looking forward
During 2023, the Committee will remain focused on ensuring that standards of good governance are maintained and that appropriate assurance is obtained across all areas of the business, with a particular focus on the Group’s principal risks, control environment and approach to financial reporting, taking into account new and emerging legislation and regulation.
External Auditor – Reappointment of PwC
The Committee reviewed and assessed PwC’s performance during the year and considered its reappointment as the Group’s external Auditor. PwC was originally appointed as the Group’s Auditor in March 2021, following a tender process in 2019. Giles Hannam remained as PwC’s lead audit partner in 2022.
As part of its assessment, the Committee:
| • | regularly reviewed and assessed the progress of the audit throughout the year; |
| • | reviewed the findings from the FRC’s annual audit inspection and the actions PwC has undertaken as a result of this inspection. Particular attention was given to the observations which could be relevant in the audit of the Group; |
| • | enquired as to the focus areas of the engagement quality partner; |
| • | reviewed the results of a detailed survey sent to Committee members and a number of senior IHG employees in respect of areas such as audit planning, professional scepticism, technical strength and communication; and |
| • | met privately with the external Auditor to review key issues. |
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Governance
Audit Committee Report continued
The Committee also considered if PwC met the required levels of independence and objectivity. The Committee concluded that PwC’s audit team was providing the required quality in its provision of audit services. The audit team had shown the necessary commitment and ability to provide the services together with a demonstrable depth of knowledge, robustness, independence and objectivity as well as an appreciation of complex issues. The team had posed constructive challenge to management and the Committee noted the quality of reporting provided to it. Accordingly, the Committee recommended the reappointment of PwC to the Board.
The Group has complied with the requirements of the Statutory Audit Services for Large Companies Market Investigation (Mandatory Use of Competitive Tender Processes and Audit Committee Responsibilities) Order 2014, which relates to the frequency and governance of tenders for the appointment of the external auditor and the setting of a policy on the provision of non-audit services.
Case study – Auditor effectiveness
Two of the Group’s significant focus areas, the IHG One Rewards loyalty programme and the System Fund, are audited by a PwC component team. The Audit Committee considered if PwC had maintained effective oversight of the component team and were able to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence. Specific factors considered included:
| • | the consistency of the audit execution with that outlined in the plan; |
| • | a site visit undertaken by the group team to the component team, including the lead audit partner. During the visit, PwC specifically reviewed these areas and held deep-dive meetings with management; |
| • | the use of PwC’s own actuarial experts in respect of the IHG One Rewards loyalty programme; |
| • | the review performed by PwC’s engagement quality partner in these areas; and |
| • | specific feedback from management covering PwC’s planning, execution and its understanding of complex issues. |
The Audit Committee was satisfied that PwC had executed the appropriate level of audit quality in these areas.
Significant matters in the 2022 Financial Statements
| Area for focus | Issue/Role of the Committee | Conclusions/Actions taken | ||||||
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| Accounting for IHG One Rewards | Accounting for IHG One Rewards requires significant use of estimation techniques and represents a material deferred revenue balance. The Committee reviews the controls, judgements and estimates related to accounting for IHG One Rewards. | The Committee reviewed the deferred revenue balance, the valuation approach, the results of the external actuarial review and procedures completed to determine the breakage assumption for outstanding IHG One Rewards points. Member behaviour during the pandemic was incorporated into the breakage analysis but was not given the same weighting as pre-pandemic activity. The Committee considered changes to the rewards programme in the year and in particular the introduction of Milestone Rewards. The Committee reviewed a paper which summarised the impacts of these changes and amendments to the deferred revenue model which have been made to accommodate them. The Committee concluded that the deferred revenue balance is appropriately stated.
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| Accounting for the System Fund | Given the unique nature of the System Fund, the Committee reviews the controls and processes related to System Fund accounting. | The Committee met with senior finance management to review and evaluate the risk areas associated with the System Fund. The Committee reviewed a paper from management summarising the principles determining the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund, and the related governance and internal control environment. The Committee concluded that the accounting treatment of the System Fund and related disclosures are appropriate.
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| Expected credit losses | Expected credit losses are subject to uncertainty. During 2022, the level of uncertainty has decreased in both the Americas and EMEAA, with uncertainty remaining in Greater China. The Committee reviews the provision and, where historical experience is not considered relevant, reviews the nature and impact of assumptions made.
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The Committee reviewed management’s papers setting out the approach to calculating the provision for expected credit losses, including updates made in respect of Greater China to reflect the ongoing challenges within the region. The Committee concluded it agreed with the basis of calculation, that this is no longer a significant estimate (as a material change is not expected in the next 12 months), and that the related disclosures are appropriate. | ||||||
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| Impairment testing | Impairment reviews require significant judgement in estimating recoverable values of assets or cash-generating units and the Committee therefore scrutinises the methodologies applied and the inherent sensitivities in determining any potential asset impairment or impairment reversal and the adequacy of related disclosures. | The Committee reviewed management reports outlining the approach taken on impairment testing and key assumptions and sensitivities supporting the conclusion on the various asset categories. The Committee examined in detail whether triggering events for impairment testing had occurred, including testing for impairment reversals, and the assumptions applied in estimating the recoverable values with a focus on the underlying cash projections. The Committee agreed with the determinations reached on impairment and that the related disclosures are appropriate. | ||||||
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| Litigation and contingencies | From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings with the ultimate outcome of each being subject to many uncertainties. The Committee reviews and evaluates the need for provisioning and considers the adequacy of the disclosure. | At each meeting during the year, the Committee considered reports detailing all material litigation matters including commercial disputes. The Committee discussed and agreed any provisioning requirements based on underlying factors. Disclosures were assessed, with particular emphasis on the completeness of uncertainties disclosed. Where the Group has contingent assets, the Audit Committee considered management’s assessment of their probability and the extent of related disclosures and is satisfied these are appropriate. | ||||||
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| Exceptional items | The Group exercises judgement in presenting exceptional items. The Committee reviews and challenges the classification of items as exceptional based on their size, nature or incidence, with consideration given to consistency of treatment with prior years and between gains and losses. | The Committee reviewed papers by management and considered the consistency of treatment and nature of items classified as exceptional. The Committee reviewed and challenged the significance, timing and nature of the exceptional items (see pages 175 to 178). The Committee also considered the sufficiency of disclosure and whether such disclosure explained the rationale for why each item is considered to be exceptional. The Committee concluded that the disclosures and the treatment of the items shown as exceptional are appropriate. The Committee considered other one-off items which are not considered to be exceptional and concluded that the treatment of such items is appropriate and adequately disclosed. | ||||||
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| Going concern and viability | The Committee reviews management’s financial modelling to conclude on the appropriateness of the going concern and viability statement. | The Committee reviewed and challenged the scenarios considered by management, the detailed cash flow forecasts and the mitigating actions available to management considered in its going concern assessment to June 2024 and the three-year viability assessment and concluded these were appropriate. The Committee also reviewed and challenged the reverse stress test assumptions to confirm the viability of the Group. The Committee reviewed going concern disclosures (page 157) and the viability statement (pages 52 to 53) and is satisfied these are appropriate. | ||||||
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| Climate risk | In preparing the Financial Statements, the potential impacts of climate change have been considered. | The Committee reviewed an analysis from management summarising the approach taken to consider climate risk on an asset-by-asset basis and concluded that the disclosures were appropriate. The Committee agreed that the disclosures made in respect of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures were appropriate. The Committee satisfied itself that the approach across the Annual Report has been proportionate and consistent. | ||||||
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| UK deferred tax asset | Given the size of the Group’s UK deferred tax asset ($109m), the Committee reviewed and challenged the key assumptions determining the recoverability of the deferred tax asset and whether this should be disclosed as a significant estimate. | The Committee confirmed the estimates used to support the recovery of the UK deferred tax asset were consistent with those used in the impairment and going concern and viability assessments. Given the recovery to levels of profitability assumed in these estimates, the Committee concluded that it agreed with the recognition of the deferred tax asset, that this was not a significant estimate, as a material change in estimate is not expected in the next 12 months, and that the disclosures are appropriate. | ||||||
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| Assessment of the impact of IFRS 17 | IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’ will be adopted from 1 January 2023. An assessment is made in advance of new accounting standards of the expected impact to the Group’s results. | The Committee reviewed a paper from management summarising the impact of IFRS 17 and the key considerations made by management during their assessment. The Committee concluded that the assessment and related disclosures are appropriate. | ||||||
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Governance
Responsible Business Committee Report
I am pleased to present the Responsible Business Committee’s report for the year, including an update on the Board’s Voice of the Employee workforce engagement plan.
With increased stakeholder focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters, the 2030 commitments set forth in the Group’s Journey to Tomorrow responsible business plan continued to be a primary area of focus for the Committee during the year. Along with review of the 2022 priorities supporting the overall achievement of the Group’s longer-term commitments, the Committee considered an external assessment of emerging ESG initiatives and regulatory developments across IHG’s key markets and a benchmarking of the 2030 commitments against evolving stakeholder expectations in those markets.
The broader evolution of ESG reporting was another area of focus. The Committee considered in particular the impact of evolving political and societal expectations in relation to ESG issues for companies and the importance of maintaining consistency between the Group’s commitments and its decision-making.
The Committee remained mindful throughout its meetings and discussions of the impact of the Group’s responsible business agenda on stakeholders, considering for example how to utilise the Group’s strong ESG foundation and progress against its responsible business commitments to drive competitive advantage with owners and guests. The Committee further considered the feedback from the Voice of the Employee programme, including in relation to workplace culture and employee wellbeing, as well as the impact of DE&I and other workplace initiatives on employees.
As the Company announced in December 2022, I will retire from the Board with effect from 28 February 2023 and will be succeeded as Chair of the Committee by Graham Allan.
I am proud of the role the Committee has played during my tenure in overseeing and championing the Group’s ambitious responsible business agenda, and would like to thank the Committee members and management for their continued focus on driving progress in this area, while keeping the interests of IHG’s stakeholders at the forefront of the Group’s strategy.
Jill McDonald
Chair of the Responsible Business Committee
20 February 2023
Key duties and role of the Committee
Key objectives and summary of responsibilities
The Committee reviews and advises the Board on the Group’s responsible business objectives and strategy, including its impact on the environment and climate change; social, community and human rights issues; its approach to sustainable development and responsible procurement; and stakeholder engagement in relation to the Group’s approach to responsible business. The Committee is also responsible for assessing the Board’s engagement with the workforce and the Group’s DE&I agenda.
The Committee’s role, responsibilities and authority delegated to it by the Board are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR), which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board.
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The ToR are available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. |
In addition to the areas outlined above, the Committee’s key responsibilities and focus areas over the year have been:
| • | assessing the 2022 strategic priorities that support the Group’s 2030 responsible business commitments and monitoring the progress against them; |
| • | monitoring the progress of TCFD reporting; |
| • | reviewing the Group’s responsible procurement programme; |
| • | reviewing the Group’s human rights programme and Modern Slavery Statement; |
| • | reviewing the Group’s Responsible Business Report; and |
| • | considering the inclusion of an ESG metric in the Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) for Executive Directors. |
Membership and attendance at meetings
The Committee’s membership and attendance at meetings are set out on page 91. The Chair of the Board, CEO, General Counsel and Company Secretary, Executive Vice President, Global Corporate Affairs and the Chief Sustainability Officer attended all meetings held during the year.
Reporting to the Board
The Committee Chair updates the Board on all key issues raised at Committee meetings. Papers and minutes for each meeting are also circulated to all Board members, who are invited to request further information where necessary.
Effectiveness of the Committee
In 2022, the Committee’s effectiveness was reviewed as part of the internal Board evaluation process, where it was concluded that the Committee remains effective.
Focus areas and activities
Responsible business commitments
The Committee considered and assessed the key areas of focus for the Group’s responsible business commitments, including:
| • | progress in relation to increasing gender and ethnic diversity within management at both the corporate and hotel level, and the development of a global wellbeing programme; |
| • | the Group’s decarbonisation and energy reduction strategy, including the integration of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) into brand standards for operating hotels, developing very low or zero-carbon new-build hotels and future options for a renewable energy programme; and |
| • | the Group’s Human Rights programme, with particular focus on identifying and addressing human rights risks specific to the hospitality industry and the progress of the Group’s anti-human trafficking programme. |
Further information on our 10-year responsible business plan can be found on pages 28 to 37.
| 110 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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TCFD
The Committee assessed the Group’s progress in relation to 2022 TCFD reporting, noting the increased transparency in the expanded disclosures and the inclusion of a climate transition plan, and work to embed climate risks in the risk profiles of the Group’s business teams. Further information on TCFD is included on pages 54 to 61.
Responsible procurement
The Committee considered the progress of key workstreams of the Group’s responsible procurement strategy, including supply chain risk management, sustainability and supplier diversity.
| ESG metric in LTIP The Committee worked with the Remuneration Committee to consider the inclusion of an ESG metric in the LTIP, involving measures relating to people and the environment.
Looking forward During 2023, the Committee will continue to focus on assessing the Group’s short-term strategic priorities to drive achievement of the longer-term 2030 responsible business commitments. |
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Our Responsible Business Report is available at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business |
Voice of the Employee
At the start of 2022, Duriya Farooqui was appointed as IHG’s designated Non-Executive Director (NED) with responsibility for workforce engagement (Voice of the Employee). Duriya has been supported by the Group’s Global Human Resources (HR) team to develop and execute a plan to engage directly with members of IHG’s corporate and hotel workforces, with the aim of collating and sharing such feedback with the Board for consideration in its decision-making.
Role and responsibilities
The role and responsibilities of the designated Voice of the Employee NED are to:
| • | support the design of the structure and content of Board discussions on employee engagement and culture; |
| • | evaluate employee engagement approaches and their effectiveness; |
| • | ensure that employee feedback and interests are factored into the Board’s decisions and KPI setting; |
| • | ensure that the Board, through the Executive Committee, has effective methods of receiving feedback from employees and communicating Board and executive decisions and priorities throughout the organisation; |
| • | ensure all significant business and budget proposals include a management assessment of the impact on employees; and |
| • | ensure Executives share employee feedback openly, transparently and in a balanced way, including reviewing employee engagement surveys and other employee reports, including whistleblowing. |
2022 engagement
Building off prior years’ engagement plans, in 2022, the team continued to broaden the employee feedback groups who met with and provided feedback to the Board to include a higher representation of hotel colleagues in markets outside the UK and US, as well as additional Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) to ensure a level of diversity.
During the year, Duriya, with the assistance of several other NEDs, undertook a programme of activities to engage with a cross-section of employees and receive detailed feedback both in person and through a number of virtual employee meetings/ forums. These feedback sessions included leader groups within the US and UK hotels, reservations and corporate populations, and ERGs across the UK, US, India, China and various EMEAA countries.
A dozen feedback sessions were held throughout the year, and Duriya was joined by Non-Executive Directors Daniela Barone Soares and Jo Harlow and Chair Deanna Oppenheimer for some of these sessions.
Discussion topics and themes in relation to the feedback received from employees included employee wellbeing; workplace culture; flexible/remote working particularly for the large reservations teams; leader communications; strategy, prioritisation and collaboration; talent attraction; onboarding and retention; personal and career development; and agile ways of working and decision-making.
Additional engagement and activities undertaken by Duriya during the year included:
| • | monitoring and reviewing the content and feedback from global ‘all employee’ CEO calls; |
| • | reviewing employee dashboards setting forth data/metrics relating to employees; |
| • | reviewing employee engagement survey results; and |
| • | engaging with the Global HR Leadership team to receive broader cultural insights. |
Insights and learnings
Duriya provided regular feedback to the Responsible Business Committee and the Board throughout the year, with key Board discussions taking place around the insights and action planning arising from employee engagement survey results. Through this feedback, the Board gained valuable insights into employee sentiment throughout the recovery from the pandemic and the shift to hybrid working.
Plans for 2023
Duriya will remain as the Board member with responsibility for workforce engagement in 2023, and it is anticipated that additional NEDs will assist with some of the Voice of the Employee activities.
A schedule of discussions and feedback sessions has been arranged for 2023, and will continue to encompass a wide group of employees and leaders from across all regions, including ERGs and Lean In circles, with further inclusion in 2023 of a ‘new starters’ group to ensure a balance of tenure. Additionally, the Board will continue to keep the functioning of the Voice of the Employee programme under review to ensure it meets best practice and complies with regulatory developments.
| Responsible Business Committee Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 111 |
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Governance
Nomination Committee Report
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I am pleased to present the Nomination Committee’s report for the year.
Following the announcement of my appointment as Chair Designate in January 2022, the Committee’s agenda has been dominated by Board composition and succession planning, particularly in respect of Non-Executive Directors approaching the completion of nine-year tenures.
The Committee led Board succession plans with the recommendations to appoint Byron Grote as Non-Executive Director and Audit Committee Chair Designate, and Graham Allan as Responsible Business Committee Chair. The Committee also oversaw a refreshment of the composition of the Audit Committee and the Remuneration Committee.
I am pleased to report that the Committee also approved the promotion and appointment of Michael Glover as Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer, with effect from 20 March 2023, evidencing the strength of the Company’s succession planning at the senior management level.
Additionally, as at 31 December 2022, our Board composition exceeds the 40% target for the proportion of women on boards and meets other applicable recommendations set out in the FTSE Women Leaders Review. Our Board also continues to exceed the Parker Review’s recommendation on ethnic diversity on boards.
Given the commencement of my tenure as Chair in September, and recognising the value in obtaining external feedback in relation to the effectiveness of the Board, the Committee oversaw the completion of internal Board and Committee effectiveness assessments in 2022. A full external performance evaluation will be conducted in 2023.
In a year of significant change in relation to the Board’s composition, the Committee’s approach to succession planning continues to ensure that the Board maintains the right mix of skills and experience to assist the Group in building talent, delivering on its strategic objectives and maintaining the Group’s strong, inclusive culture.
Deanna Oppenheimer Chair of the Nomination Committee 20 February 2023
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Key duties and role of the Committee
Key objectives and summary of responsibilities
The Committee reviews the composition of the Board and its Principal Committees, evaluating the balance of skills, experience, independence, knowledge and diversity requirements before making appropriate recommendations to the Board as to any changes. It also ensures plans are in place for orderly succession both for Directors and other senior executives and is responsible for reviewing the Group’s senior leadership needs.
The Committee’s role, responsibilities and authority delegated to it by the Board, including processes in relation to appointments, are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR), which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board. The ToR state that the Committee is responsible for considering potential candidates for appointment to the Board based on merit, cognitive and personal strengths with due regard for the benefits of diversity, including gender, and social, ethnic and geographic backgrounds.
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The ToR are available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. |
The Committee’s key responsibilities and focus areas during the year have been:
• assessing the Board’s and the Principal Committees’ composition and succession planning, including consideration of gender balance and ethnic and geographical diversity, in accordance with the ToR and consistent with the Group’s DE&I Policy (details of which are on page 31);
• engaging with external search consultancies and making recommendations on appointments to the Board;
• overseeing the internal performance evaluation of the Board and its Principal Committees as well as the evaluation of individual Non-Executive Directors; and
• monitoring the Executive Committee and senior leadership talent and succession planning.
Membership and attendance at meetings
The Committee’s membership and attendance at meetings are available on page 91. All members of the Committee are Non-Executive Directors. When the Committee considers matters relating to my position, the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director (SID) acts as Committee Chair.
Reporting to the Board
The Committee makes recommendations to the Board for all Board appointments. Minutes are circulated to and reviewed by Committee members, and I report back to the Board on the activities of the Committee following each meeting.
Effectiveness of the Committee
During the year, the Committee’s effectiveness was reviewed as part of the internal Board evaluation process. It was concluded that the Committee remains effective.
| 112 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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Focus areas and activities
Board and Principal Committee composition and succession planning
The Committee focused in particular on succession planning for the Audit Committee Chair and the Responsible Business Committee Chair roles, in light of the completion of 9-year terms by Ian Dyson and Jill McDonald respectively.
The Committee engaged Egon Zehnder to assist with the search for suitable candidates for the Audit Committee Chair role and an internal search was conducted for the Responsible Business Committee Chair role. In both cases, a candidate selection, assessment and interview process was conducted as relevant, with particular focus on the appropriate competencies, functional experience, cultural characteristics and consideration of candidates’ other commitments in line with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code. Egon Zehnder has no other connection with the Company or individual Directors.
Following the completion of satisfactory background and reference checks by Egon Zehnder, the Committee recommended to the Board the appointment of Byron Grote as Non-Executive Director with effect from 1 July 2022, to assume the role of Audit Committee Chair from 1 March 2023. Byron’s biography is included on page 93 and details of his induction plan can be found on page 103.
With Byron’s appointment, the Audit Committee Chair will continue to have recent and relevant financial experience, as required by the UK Corporate Governance Code.
After due consideration, the Committee also recommended to the Board that Graham Allan be appointed as Responsible Business Committee Chair with effect from 1 March 2023.
During the year, the Committee also considered the Principal Committees’ composition in the context of the changes outlined above, the balance of skills and experience across the Principal Committees and cross-committee assignments. The Committee determined that it would be appropriate to recommend to the Board the appointment of Arthur de Haast to the Audit Committee, with a view to him stepping down from the Remuneration Committee, and my appointment to the Remuneration Committee (I did not participate in the discussion on this). The Board approved these changes to take place with effect from 1 January 2023.
Performance evaluations
Given I formally started as Chair in September 2022, the Committee recommended to the Board that an internal evaluation exercise be carried out following my appointment, on the basis that an external evaluation process conducted during 2023 would provide more meaningful and productive insight. Further information on the internal performance evaluation is included on pages 103 and 104.
Executive Committee talent and succession
Subsequent to the announcement in October 2022 of the upcoming departure of Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson, the Committee oversaw the process to appoint a successor. Spencer Stuart supported the process, which included a broad desktop review of external candidates and an interview and assessment process for the internal candidate search, with a particular focus on the appropriate competencies, function experience and understanding of IHG’s Global Finance organisation, as well as cultural characteristics and leadership competencies. Spencer Stuart has no other connection with the Company or individual Directors.
Following discussion and consideration, the Committee recommended to the Board the appointment of Michael Glover as Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer from 20 March 2023.
Throughout the year, the Committee also received updates on talent and succession planning at Executive Committee and senior leadership levels, noting in particular progress against DE&I objectives.
Information on the gender balance of senior management as well as the Board is included on page 32.
Looking forward
In 2023, the Committee will continue its focus on Board succession planning and competencies as well as continuing to ensure that our Executive and senior talent pipeline combines an appropriate blend of skills, experience, knowledge and diversity.
| Nomination Committee Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 113 |
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Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report
Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement
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“Management has delivered strongly against its objectives, having positioned the business well for recovery and for future growth and returns.”
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| 114 | Directors’ Remuneration Report | |
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| 114 | Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement | |
| 120 | At a glance | |
| 122 | Our approach to remuneration | |
| 127 | Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration | |
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As Chair of the Remuneration Committee and on behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present the Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2022.
2022 business performance context
Demand recovered strongly across most of our markets in 2022. We passed the milestone of 6,000 open hotels in delivering adjusted net system size growth of 4.3% for the year, excluding the impact of ceasing operations in Russia, with room openings and room signings up 12.5% and 16.7% respectively. Operating profit from reportable segments, at $828 million, was up 55% on 2021. Fee margin has recovered to pre-pandemic levels following the recovery in revenue, combined with our disciplined approach to cost management. From a shareholder perspective, the Board has proposed a final dividend of 94.5¢, an increase of 10% on 2021, and resulting in a total dividend for the year of 138.4¢. Additionally, as a result of our strong cash management, we completed a share buyback programme to return $500 million of surplus capital in January 2023, and a further $750 million is due to be launched in 2023.
Wider workforce remuneration and employee engagement
The Committee is extremely mindful of the current cost-of-living challenge and its impact on the financial and emotional wellbeing of our employees. In 2022, salary increases for the UK and US corporate populations were in line with those for Executive Directors. The overall budget for 2023 increases is around 4.5% for UK and US corporate employees and 3% for the CEO.
For the UK leased hotel estate, in agreement with the owner, pay rates for front-line staff were increased in 2022, at least in line with the real living wage, and healthcare benefits were extended. Budgeted 2023 salary increases range from 5% to 8%, with higher increases applicable for front-line employees, and one-off payments made to employees who had worked for at least the final three months of 2022. Details of our approach to remuneration across the wider workforce in general and throughout the year are outlined on pages 123 to 124.
We were pleased to see overall employee engagement scores remain resilient at 86%, exceeding external benchmarks by 8%. Perceptions of pay also remained strong, exceeding external benchmarks across our hotel, reservations and general manager populations (see page 126).
Overview of 2022 remuneration outcomes
The key highlights of Executive Director incentive plan awards for 2022 are presented below, and a detailed explanation and rationale for the Committee’s decisions are set out in this report:
• The formulaic achievement on Annual Performance Plan (APP) metrics (operating profit from reportable segments, room openings and room signings) resulted in awards for Executive Directors of 95.7% of maximum reflecting the outstanding performance of the business in 2022.
• The performance measures for the 2020/22 Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) cycle were relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR), relative net system size growth (NSSG), cash flow and Total Gross Revenue (TGR). When assessing performance for the 2020/22 award, the impact of the pandemic was considered in relation to the two absolute measures, cash flow and TGR:
| – | The TGR target for that cycle was set later in the year, reflecting guidance from investor bodies at the time of the outbreak of Covid-19 that awards could be granted at the usual time with performance targets set up to six months later. The Committee was therefore able to set a TGR target that was reflective of performance expectations after the initial impact of the pandemic became evident. TGR performance was above maximum for the cycle, resulting in full vesting of this element. |
| – | However, the cash flow target was set in February 2020 and communicated in the 2019 Directors’ Remuneration Report. Following the outbreak of Covid-19, the original cash flow target was seen as unachievable. However, the Committee determined not to adjust the targets for the in-flight awards. In October 2020, the Committee began tracking a ‘shadow’ cash flow target for 2020/22 that had been formulated to drive the cash management actions during this period. The original cash flow target was not adjusted and this shadow target did not replace it. However, as disclosed in our 2021 Directors’ Remuneration Report, it was intended to be a highly relevant reference point when assessing the performance of the 2020/22 LTIP. |
| – | The Committee decided to utilise the maximum of the shadow target, $1.09 billion, as the threshold for the cash flow LTIP measure, reflecting the exceptional performance on cash management during the pandemic. |
Assessment of windfall gains
As part of a range of actions taken on pay, as a result of the impact of Covid-19 during 2020, the 2020/22 LTIP award was granted at a maximum of 205% of salary, which is 40% below the Directors’ Remuneration Policy approved level of 350% for the CEO and 25% below the policy approved level of 275% for the other Executive Directors. This was part of a wider range of cost-saving measures in response to the pandemic, but also mitigated against the potential for windfall gains on LTIP outcomes, given that the share price had fallen at the time of grant. We are pleased that over the period from May 2020, the share price has performed well, recovering to pre-Covid-19 levels. Before agreeing the vesting levels for the 2020/22 award, the Committee analysed the share price performance to consider the extent of any windfall gain. The analysis showed that the reduction in maximum grant value in 2020 significantly more than outweighed any gain as a result of the share price recovery over the three years, particularly for the CEO1. The Committee, therefore, considered that sufficient actions had been taken to mitigate against the potential for windfall gains and no adjustments were made to vesting levels in this regard.
| 1 | Further details are on page 130. |
| 114 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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| 2020/22 LTIP award Using our formal discretion framework (see opposite), the Committee considered whether to adjust the formulaic outcome for the cash flow target, given management’s exceptional performance in maintaining such a strong cash position during a challenging period for the Company and the resulting outperformance of the maximum shadow cash flow target. Following this assessment, we determined that the result under the formulaic outcome was not reflective of the performance of the business and that discretion should be exercised to the vesting level under the cash flow element. The detailed rationale of the Committee is set out over the following pages: |
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| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 115 |
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Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement continued
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Weighted formulaic outcome |
Weighted discretionary outcome |
Rationale | |||||||||
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Total Gross Revenue (TGR) (20%) |
20% |
20% |
• This absolute target was set in October 2020, at the same time as the shadow cash flow target, once the immediate impact of the pandemic was known but before subsequent developments, such as the Delta and Omicron variants.
• Based on analysis of the data and context, the Committee did not consider it appropriate to adjust the formulaic outcome of this absolute measure.
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Total Shareholder Return (TSR) (30%) |
0% |
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• The IHG share price has remained resilient through the latter part of 2020 and through to the end of the LTIP cycle after recovering from an initial reduction in the first half of 2020.
• IHG’s TSR was significantly ahead of all European peers in the comparator group.
• However, the share price performance of some comparator group companies based primarily in the fast-recovering US market, with a weighting towards the economy segment, and with their shares listed on US stock markets, which have performed better than the FTSE over this period, has resulted in IHG being below the threshold level for vesting on this relative measure.
• Based on analysis of the data and context, the Committee did not consider it appropriate to adjust the formulaic outcome of this measure.
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44.9%
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52.1%
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The relative NSSG measure is subject to the achievement of a Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) underpin. The underpin was introduced before the pandemic and was intended to ensure that the ROCE impact was considered in strategic decision making, such as M&A activity. The Committee considered the underpin for the 2020/22 cycle and noted that, whilst ROCE was below the underpin level for the first two years due to the impact of Covid-19, it was above the underpin for 2022. The Committee therefore decided not to adjust the vesting levels in relation to the underpin.
No other discretion was exercised in respect of the other LTIP measures, meaning the overall vesting was 52.1% of maximum for all three Executive Directors. Details of the awards vesting are provided on page 130.
2022 APP award
Alongside operating profit from reportable segments, the 2022 strategic openings and signings measures were designed to provide in-year focus on rooms growth in a competitive market, in order to complement the longer-term three-year LTIP focus on overall net system size growth. The formulaic achievement against the APP measures resulted in an award of 166.4% of target, or 191.4% of salary. The Committee feels the formulaic APP award is justified, given its view on the strong performance of the business in 2022 on both an absolute and relative basis:
| 116 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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Total 2022 variable incentive outcome
In addition to reviewing the individual LTIP and APP components, as outlined on page 116, and the wider stakeholder position, as outlined below, the Committee took a holistic view of variable incentive outcomes and considered the overall outcome for 2022. In total, the 2022 APP and LTIP awards for Executive Directors represent 73.6% of the maximum potential value. This is reflective of strong performance and, although not a determining factor, in line with historic overall reward outcomes, as outlined on page 132, in respect of the CEO, which have averaged at 63.8% in the previous 10 years, excluding 2020. The Committee considers the combined 2022 LTIP and APP awards appropriate in this context.
Broader stakeholder perspectives
In considering the use of discretion, the Committee has taken into account the experience and views of wider stakeholders:
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Certain KPIs and Non-GAAP measures are used throughout the Directors’ Remuneration Report. See pages 85 to 88 for additional detail. |
Use of Non-GAAP measures: in addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures can be found on pages 85 to 88 and reconciliations to IFRS figures, where they have been adjusted, are on pages 226 to 232.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 117 |
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Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement continued
Implementation of Directors’ Remuneration Policy (DR Policy) in 2023
The Committee commenced its review of the current DR Policy in 2022, which included an extensive internal and external consultation process to understand those elements that were working well and those where change may be required. This included stakeholder interviews with the Executive and Non-Executive Directors, a wholesale review of market practice and two rounds of consultation with our shareholders. A number of key challenges were identified:
| • | The need to prepare for the future – our Executive Directors have been in role for a number of years and the Committee recognised the likelihood of having to attract successors during the life of the next policy. Succession risk has been realised with the resignation of Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson, Chief Financial Officer and Group Head of Strategy (see below for further details). While we continue to have robust succession planning in place, our packages need to be attractive enough to recruit external executives in the global market with the appropriate skills, experience and US and international expertise. |
| • | US talent market – we have previously highlighted that IHG is a global business in a global industry driven by US-based global competitors. The US represents around 65% of revenue and profit. US experience is essential for executive director roles and to sustain an effective succession plan. We are increasingly competing for talent in the US, where remuneration opportunities are much higher primarily due to the significant long-term variable pay potential. Where we have necessarily made increases at senior levels below the Board to enable us to remain competitive within the US market, this has led to pay compression with more senior roles, impacting our ability to recruit the right calibre of leaders to key positions. We have also continued to see increased turnover of key roles at senior management levels as external offers are more attractive than executive director succession at IHG. The Committee recognises that as a UK company, we are not able to pay at levels commensurate with our US peers; however, our packages are not sufficiently competitive in structure and quantum to attract talent from the US market, creating a risk to our ability to preserve shareholder value in the future. |
| • | Disconnect between Company performance, strategy and pay outcomes – IHG continues to be a high-performing Company. However, volatility in LTIP measures, particularly TSR, undermines our strong ‘pay for performance’ ethos. We expect the volatility in the TSR measure to continue in the coming years as US listed companies benefit from capital flows and the US stock markets. |
The Committee has been considering a range of approaches to address the above concerns. This has included extensive consultation with shareholders to understand their views. We carried out an initial consultation in September 2022, primarily on the structure of our incentives but also on the governance features in place and the performance measures. We received helpful feedback which enabled us to refine our proposals, and we began a second round of consultation in early 2023. This second phase of the consultation is ongoing, and we therefore determined that it would be beneficial to delay the publication of the new policy, to allow time for further discussion with as wide a range of shareholders as possible. For that reason, the new policy is not included in this report and it is currently intended that it will instead be published in our 2023 Notice of AGM.
Pending the outcome of shareholder consultations, details of the implementation of the policy for 2023 will also be set out in the Notice of AGM (other than 2023 salary levels, which are described on page 136, and retirement benefits, which are described below). It is anticipated that the APP will continue to be measured on operating profit from reportable segments, signings and opening targets, and that the LTIP measures will include a new Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) measure, with targets related to decarbonisation actions as well as some of our diversity, equity and inclusion commitments.
Retirement benefits for incumbent UK Executive Directors were aligned with the maximum company contribution available to all other participants in the UK pension plan at the end of 2022. As stated in last year’s report, and in line with our approved DR Policy, US retirement benefit arrangements, in which the CEO, Americas, participates, differ in a number of respects from UK pension arrangements, as explained on page 124. They are comprised of a 401(k) plan under which all corporate employees benefit from maximum employer contributions of a consistent 6% of salary, and a Deferred Compensation Plan for around 100 eligible senior employees under which all participants, including the CEO, Americas, can receive supplementary contributions of up to 16% of salary. These are common retirement benefit plans in the US market and, given the parity of treatment for all participants in each of these plans, as well as the importance of the CEO, Americas role to the business and the market competitiveness concerns over Executive Director pay, the Committee intends to maintain the arrangements as they relate to the CEO, Americas.
Board changes
During the year, Patrick Cescau stepped down as Chair of the Board and was replaced by Deanna Oppenheimer. Byron Grote was appointed as a Non-Executive Director. The remuneration arrangements in respect of all changes were in line with the approved DR Policy and are covered on page 134.
As announced on 21 October 2022, Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson will step down from the role of Chief Financial Officer and Group Head of Strategy, and from the Board, in 2023. His leaving date will be 19 March 2023 and his remuneration arrangements on departure are as follows:
| • | Salary, pension and benefits will be paid up until 19 March 2023. In line with our previous commitment, his pension has been reduced to the rate of all other IHG UK pension plan participants, which is 12% of salary, from 1 January 2023. |
| • | No further payments in respect of these elements will be paid beyond 19 March 2023, given he will be taking up new employment. |
| • | He remained eligible to receive an APP award in respect of the full 2022 performance year. As noted above, the outcome for the APP was 95.7% of maximum. In line with our termination policy, the cash element will be paid in the usual way but the deferred shares portion will be forfeited upon his termination date. |
| • | His LTIP awards for the 2020/22 cycle were assessed in the same way as for the other Executive Directors as outlined above; the vesting outcome was 52.1% of maximum. This award will vest on 22 February 2023 and will be subject to a two-year holding period thereafter. |
| • | He will not be eligible to receive an APP or LTIP award in respect of 2023. |
| 118 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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| • | All outstanding APP shares and LTIP awards that have not vested on 19 March 2023 will be forfeited. The post-employment shareholding policy will be applied. He will be required to hold shares equivalent to his minimum shareholding requirement of 300% of salary as at the date of leaving for six months post cessation and 50% of the minimum shareholding requirement for a further six months. |
| • | No other payments will be made in connection with his leaving. |
Michael Glover will replace Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson as Chief Financial Officer on 20 March 2023 and further details of his remuneration can be found on page 136.
About this report
As always, we strive to make this report as easy to read as possible. Following this statement, there is a reminder of the approved DR Policy applicable in 2022 and its alignment with the UK Corporate Governance Code principles. As such, this report should be read in conjunction with the 2023 Notice of AGM, once published, and this report and the 2023 Notice of AGM taken together comprise the annual Directors’ Remuneration Report. There is an ‘At a glance’ section on pages 120 to 121 providing an illustration of 2022 remuneration outcomes and, over the following pages, there is a summary of how executive remuneration aligns to company strategy; a summary of remuneration across the wider workforce; and, on pages 125 to 126, further background on the Remuneration Committee.
This Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration Report (pages 114 to 136) will be put to an advisory vote by shareholders at the May 2023 Annual General Meeting.
Jo Harlow
Chair of the Remuneration Committee
20 February 2023
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 119 |
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Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
At a glance
| How to use this report | ⬛ Salary | AUDITED | ||||||
| Within the Directors’ Remuneration Report we have used colour coding to denote different elements of remuneration. The colours used and the corresponding remuneration elements are: |
⬛ Benefits ⬛ Pension benefit ⬛ Annual Performance Plan (APP) 50% cash and 50% deferred shares ⬛ Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) ⬛ Shareholding |
Audited information Content contained within a tinted panel highlighted with an ‘Audited’ tab indicates that all the information within the panel is audited. |
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| 120 | At a glance | 123 | Remuneration at IHG – the wider context | |||
| 122 | Our approach to remuneration – link to strategy | 125 | Remuneration Committee details |
Over the following pages of the report, we give an overview of how our remuneration arrangements are aligned to our purpose, ambition and strategic priorities. We have included a summary of our approved DR Policy, as applicable for 2022, on page 122, together with a reminder of how the Committee has addressed Provision 40 of the 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code in respect of remuneration policy and practice throughout 2022. Alignment of pay structures throughout the organisation and the implementation of remuneration policy across the wider workforce is covered on pages 123 to 124. Pages 125 to 126 contain a summary of Committee actions during the year.
Executive Director remuneration
2022 actual remuneration vs potential remuneration
The charts below show the 2022 potential remuneration opportunity and actual achievement compared to the 2021 actual achievement.
The relevant figures for each of the elements that make up the single total figure of remuneration, as shown below for the Executive Directors, can be found in the table on page 127. See above for the key to individual elements of actual remuneration for 2021 and 2022.
| 120 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
How we performed in 2022
Strong performance against target across all measures meant that the formulaic 2022 APP achievement was 166.4% of target, resulting in awards for Executive Directors of 191.4% of salary. Under the LTIP, solid net system size growth performance relative to our largest competitors and strong Total Gross Revenue performance, together with exceptional management of cash flow through the pandemic and into recovery, resulted in a formulaic outcome of 44.9% of maximum, which was increased to 52.1% of maximum following the exercise of discretion by the Committee (see pages 115 and 116 for the Committee’s consideration of discretion).
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 121 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Our approach to remuneration
Summary of approved Directors’ Remuneration Policy (DR Policy)
The DR policy framework below, and its alignment with Provision 40 of the Corporate Governance Code, relates to 2022 remuneration. The future DR Policy is subject to ongoing shareholder consultation at the time of writing this report.
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A copy of the approved DR Policy is available on IHG’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate Governance. |
The Committee has considered the remuneration policy and practices in the context of Provision 40 of the UK Corporate Governance Code, as follows:
| Principle | IHG’s approach | |||
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| Clarity | We always seek to set and report our performance-related measures, targets and outcomes in a clear, transparent and balanced way, with relevant and timely communication with all of our stakeholders. Our reward policies drive engagement throughout the workforce with an aligned approach to performance-related reward. Through the combination of short- and long-term incentive plan measures, the DR Policy is structured to support financial objectives and the strategic priorities of the business which deliver shareholder returns and long-term value creation. Further alignment with shareholder interests is driven by the significant proportion of share-based incentives and Executive Director shareholding requirements.
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| Simplicity | Our remuneration structure comprises straightforward and well-understood components. The purpose, structure and strategic alignment of each element is clearly laid out in the remuneration policy summary table:
• fixed pay: base salary, pension and benefits that are consistent with role and location;
• short-term incentive: annual performance-related bonus which incentivises and rewards the delivery of financial and non-financial strategic objectives;
• long-term incentive: a share-based award which incentivises performance over a three-year period and is based on measures which drive long-term sustainable growth.
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| Predictability | The range of possible values of rewards for Executive Directors is clearly disclosed in graphical form both at the time of approving the policy and in the annual implementation report.
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| Risk | Our DR Policy contains a number of elements to ensure that it drives the right behaviours to incentivise the Executive Directors to deliver long-term sustainable growth and shareholder returns and to reward them appropriately:
• the maximum short- and long-term incentive awards are capped as a % of salary;
• the Committee has clear discretion policies, linked to specific measures where necessary, to override formulaic outcomes;
• Executive Directors agree to clear and comprehensive malus and clawback provisions; and
• significant shareholding requirements apply for Executive Directors.
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| Proportionality | Individual rewards are aligned to the delivery of strategic business objectives. The Committee sets robust and stretching targets to ensure that there is a clear link between the performance of the Group and the awards made to Executive Directors and others.
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| Alignment to culture | IHG has a clear purpose and well-established values and behaviours. The alignment between remuneration incentives and our strategy for high-quality growth, and the KPIs which underpin the delivery of our strategy, is outlined on page 123. Other elements of reward, such as salary reviews and, across the wider workforce, the short-term incentive plan and our global recognition scheme, reward employees for performance and actions which demonstrate our values and behaviours.
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| 122 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Aligning variable elements of remuneration to strategy
Variable elements of remuneration are linked to our strategy through our four strategic priorities, our purpose and our ambition, as shown below in respect of the 2022 APP and 2022/24 LTIP cycle granted in 2022.
Remuneration at IHG – the wider context
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Our reward philosophy
Our reward arrangements are competitive, drive creation of value for stakeholders and make us think and act as one team.
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How our reward practices are aligned across all levels of the organisation
Our approach to fairness in reward is an important aspect of our overall reward philosophy and is designed to attract and retain the best talent, with a focus on championing a diverse and inclusive culture where employees can thrive. The reward philosophy is supported by a robust governance approach aimed at having fair and consistent reward and recognition practices across our employee population, regardless of gender and other aspects of diversity, as well as an alignment between the wider direct workforce and executive remuneration. We regularly review our approach externally, ensuring we meet the needs of employees by offering market-driven reward packages.
Employee engagement on pay
The 2022 employee engagement scores for participating hotel and reservations employees and general managers on the questions relating to reward and recognition exceeded our survey provider’s top quartile benchmark. See page 126 for details.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 123 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Our approach to remuneration continued
Examples of alignment and implementation of wider workforce reward strategy in 2022
| Elements of reward | Participants | Commentary | ||||||||
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Salary | All | In the 2022 base salary review process, we continued to put managers at the heart of the process, allowing them to use their discretion in pay decisions, and included an additional 33% on top of the standard merit budget in order to address equity and talent recognition. We improved our external benchmarking capability and provided additional line manager support with improved analysis of market data and guidance. This allowed the merit budget to be targeted on areas where it would have the most impact. We continued to provide managers with our diversity, equity and inclusion statement on making fair reward decisions consistent with our Code of Conduct to ensure all employees are rewarded fairly and according to their contribution, skills and experience with tips on avoiding any conscious and unconscious bias. For 2023, additional merit budget will again be made available to address individual equity and talent recognition.
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Benefits | All | For 2022, we enhanced the UK healthcare offering to include cover for IVF and infertility treatment. Additionally, we introduced cover for gender dysphoria investigations and related mental health therapy, surgery and follow-up. We also extended the eligibility for health assessments to all of our UK corporate employees. The levels of healthcare cover on offer in the UK continue to align across all UK corporate colleagues.
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Pension benefit | All | Pension and retirement benefits are provided in the UK and US in line with market practice.
UK: the contribution rate for corporate and eligible hotel employees in the IHG UK pension plan is aligned across the eligible population with a 2:1 matching ratio up to a maximum of 6% of salary from employees and 12% from the Company. During 2022, the trustee of the plan carried out a detailed assessment of our UK pension plan in line with regulatory guidance and confirmed that it continues to provide good value for members.
US: US retirement saving plans are made up of a 401(k) plan which has a 1:1 matching contribution ratio up to a maximum of 6% of salary for eligible corporate employees and a Deferred Compensation Plan (DCP) which provides for supplementary company contributions of up to 16% provided at senior levels (a historic grandfathered rate of 20% applies for a small number of employees who were already receiving this rate when it was removed effective 1 January 2017).
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Annual Performance Plan (APP) | All | All corporate employees share the same corporate performance metrics with the Executive Committee and Executive Directors. For senior management (generally at Executive Committee level and their direct reports), a proportion of bonus is deferred into shares for a three-year period. The weightings of metrics for all corporate employees below Executive Committee level are aligned and a greater portion of an award can be achieved through an employee’s individual performance and contribution to the Company. In addition, in view of the strong performance in 2022, an additional 6% is being added to the amount budgeted for the personal performance element to increase awards for those employees who performed the strongest during 2022.
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Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) | Executive Directors and senior management
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Senior/mid-management and certain specialist roles are eligible to participate in a Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP). Performance-based LTIP awards largely apply at the level of Executive Committee and their direct reports; Restricted Stock Units typically apply for eligible employees below this level (see below). | |||||||
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Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Excludes Executive Directors | In line with typical market practice, particularly in the US, and due to line-of-sight over performance measures, a gradually greater proportion of the LTIP award is made as RSUs (which are not subject to performance conditions but still align employee interests with those of shareholders) for eligible roles from Executive Committee level down. In 2022, we increased the number of employees eligible to receive RSUs below Executive Committee level and also increased the quantum available to the same employees. This provided additional scope to attract and retain key talent, reward more employees for their contribution to the Company and further align with market practice.
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Colleague Share Plan | Wider workforce only | IHG matches the number of shares purchased by employees, up to a value of USD 1,000 per year, on a 1-for-1 basis. Our employee share plan is available to approximately 96% of our corporate employees below the senior/mid- management level (who receive LTIP and/or RSU awards). Our highest participation level was achieved in 2022, with 53% of eligible employees having enrolled in the Plan. The Colleague Share Plan was introduced from 2020 and the first cycle’s matching shares vested in January 2022 with over 32,000 shares vesting; the second cycle’s matching share award vested in January 2023 with over 26,200 shares vesting between 1,893 employees.
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Recognition schemes | All | In 2022, we reintroduced our Bravo recognition scheme. Colleagues who are below senior leader level can be nominated for a cash award for going above and beyond in their jobs whilst displaying exceptional IHG behaviours. All of the corporate workforce, including Executive Directors, are eligible to receive a Long-Term Service Award, of varying value, once the employee reaches certain service milestones.
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UK leased hotel employees
As previously reported, following the acquisition of a number of UK hotels in 2019, employing entities for the estate’s hotels were transferred to IHG. Employment terms, including remuneration and benefits, largely remained in place on their pre-acquisition basis. As with the model for leased hotels generally, IHG provides hotel management support to the owners of these UK leased hotels and makes recommendations on matters, including pay, based on market insight and experience. Decisions on implementing pay changes are ultimately determined by the hotel estate owner in the context of their own commercial position and equities across the wider portfolio.
| • | The Real Living Wage will be applied as a minimum for all staff in line with the Real Living Wage Foundation level from April 2023, and zero-hour contracts are not utilised in the UK leased estate. |
| • | The reward offering was enhanced for some management roles to provide all senior management with an employee bi-annual health assessment and supplementary healthcare for the employee and their immediate family. The hotel performance management plan has been extended to all Heads of Department managers. |
| • | Hotel colleagues receive similar benefits to corporate employees including enrolment into a workplace pension, employee room rates, employee assistance programme, Bravo recognition programme, retail discount vouchers, the myWellbeing programme and refer-a-friend bonus. Front-line colleagues can also receive incentives and performance-driven bonuses. |
| • | In January 2023, one-off payments were made to those front-line colleagues and managers who were not otherwise eligible for an annual bonus (pro-rated for part-time colleagues based on their hours worked). This payment applied to all colleagues who worked between 1 October and 31 December 2022. |
| 124 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Remuneration Committee details
| 2022 focus areas |
| • | Review and approval of 2021 remuneration outcomes and 2022 incentive plan structures and targets |
| • | In-year performance and relative performance tracking |
| • | Wider workforce remuneration matters |
| • | ESG in incentives and IHG Green Engage progress |
| • | Consideration of discretion relating to 2022 remuneration outcomes |
| • | DR Policy review including 2023+ structures and targets |
Key objectives and summary of responsibilities
The Remuneration Committee agrees, on behalf of the Board, all aspects of remuneration of the Executive Directors and the Executive Committee, and agrees the strategy, direction and policy for the remuneration of the senior executives who have a significant influence over the Group’s ability to meet its strategic objectives. Additionally, the Committee reviews wider workforce pay policies and practice to ensure alignment with strategy, values and behaviours and takes this into account when setting Executive Director remuneration. The Committee’s role and responsibilities are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR) which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board.
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The ToR are available on IHG’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. |
Membership and attendance at meetings
Details of the Committee membership and attendance at meetings are set out on page 91.
During 2023, the Committee was supported internally by the Company Chair, the Group’s CEO and CFO, and the heads of Human Resources and Reward as necessary. All attend by invitation to provide further background information and context to assist the Committee in its duties. They are not present for any discussions that relate directly to their own remuneration or where their attendance would not be appropriate.
Reporting to the Board
The Committee Chair updates the Board on all key issues raised at Committee meetings. Papers and minutes for each meeting are also circulated to all Board members for review and comment.
Non-Executive Directors’ letters of appointment and notice periods
Non-Executive Directors have letters of appointment, which are available upon request from the Company Secretary’s office.
Deanna Oppenheimer, Non-Executive Chair, is subject to 12 months’ notice and is in compliance with Provision 19 of the UK Corporate Governance Code. No other Non-Executive Directors are subject to notice periods; all Non-Executive Directors are subject to an annual re-election by shareholders at the AGM.
Effectiveness of the Committee
The effectiveness of the Committee is monitored and assessed regularly by the Chair of the Committee and the Chair of the Board.
Remuneration advisers
In 2019, the Committee undertook a competitive tender process and IHG appointed Deloitte LLP to act as independent adviser to the Committee; they commenced work in October 2019. Deloitte is a member of the Remuneration Consultants Group and, as such, operates under the code of conduct in relation to executive remuneration consulting in the UK. The Committee is satisfied that the advice received is objective and independent. Fees of £249,425 were paid to Deloitte in respect of advice provided to the Committee in 2022, which included significant input into the review of the
Directors’ Remuneration Policy during the year. This was in the form of an agreed fee for support in preparation of papers and attendance at meetings, with work on additional items charged at hourly rates. The terms of engagement for Deloitte are available from the Company Secretary’s office upon request. Separately, other parts of Deloitte LLP also advised the Company in relation to corporation tax, mobility and consulting services.
Board changes
During the year, Patrick Cescau stepped down from the Board and Deanna Oppenheimer was appointed to the Board as a temporary Non-Executive Director prior to her appointment as Chair of the Board; Byron Grote was also appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director. The remuneration arrangements in respect of all changes were in line with the approved DR Policy and are covered on page 134.
Approach to target setting
Targets are set by the Committee and senior management, taking into account IHG’s growth ambitions and long-range business plan, market expectations, and the circumstances and relative performance at the time, with the aim of setting stretching achievement targets for senior executives which will reflect successful outcomes for the business based on its strategic and financial objectives for the period.
Absolute targets may be set relative to budget and/or by reference to prior results, generally containing a performance range with additional stretch to incentivise outperformance as well as minimum performance levels for payout. Relative targets are set against an appropriate comparator group of companies for the relevant measure, for example, relative NSSG in the LTIP was set against our six largest competitors with over 500k rooms to reflect our industry-leading growth ambition.
Shareholder engagement
The Committee recognises that there exists a range of views across the shareholder base in relation to the pay of Executive Directors and therefore engages in regular shareholder consultation. We consulted with shareholders and proxy agencies prior to the 2022 AGM on the implementation of remuneration policies for the prior year and matters relating to in-flight LTIPs. At the 2022 AGM, we were pleased to receive a vote of 90.01% in favour of the 2021 Directors’ Remuneration Report.
Shareholder experience and the views of shareholders are fundamental aspects of the Committee’s framework for the consideration of the use of discretion in relation to incentive plan outcomes. As such, we carried out consultations with leading shareholders and a proxy agency again in late 2022 and early 2023. We discussed the performance of management which, in the Committee’s view, had delivered strong results and a more resilient company coming out of the pandemic. This performance is sustainable and has not been at the expense of stakeholders, as outlined on page 117. However, forecast results showed that the formulaic outcomes of the original cash flow LTIP target would likely not reflect this extraordinary effort.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 125 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Our approach to remuneration continued
Valuable and constructive feedback was provided and, overall, shareholders were generally receptive to the potential use of discretion to increase the LTIP outcome, so long as there was sufficient and robust justification. The Committee’s decision and detailed rationale is outlined on pages 114 to 117.
These shareholder consultations also covered matters relating to the Directors’ Remuneration Policy review and progress on the inclusion of ESG in executive remuneration. Views expressed by shareholders will be taken into consideration ahead of putting the policy to shareholder vote.
Wider workforce remuneration and employee engagement
As outlined on pages 123 to 124, IHG operates an aligned approach to remuneration throughout the organisation. During the year, the Committee reviewed aspects of the Company’s wider workforce remuneration approach as part of its regular meeting agenda.
The Company engaged with the workforce through its employee engagement survey, which covers a number of areas, including pay and benefits competitiveness, wellness and inclusion. Our overall employee engagement increased to 86% (+1% on 2021), placing IHG as a Global Best Employer by Kincentric.
In 2022, as part of the ‘Voice of the Employee’ engagement agenda, the Committee Chair hosted meetings with representative employee groups from the UK to discuss a wide range of topics. No concerns were raised regarding Executive Director remuneration or how it aligns with the wider IHG remuneration principles. The Board is committed to providing adequate employee forums for transparent two-way dialogue. We will continue to develop our approach to employee engagement on Executive pay and ensure attendees of such future meetings are aware that the broad scope of topics they can raise extends to Executive pay and how it aligns with the wider pay policy. For more information on ‘Voice of the Employee’ workforce engagement see page 111.
As noted on page 114, perceptions of reward and recognition gained strong results across our hotel, reservations and general manager populations:
Voting at the Company’s AGMs
The current DR Policy was subject to a vote at the 2020 AGM. The outcome of the votes in respect of the DR Policy and Report for 2020 to 2022 are shown below:
| Directors’ Remuneration Policy (binding vote) | Directors’ Remuneration Report (advisory vote) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AGM | Votes for | Votes against | Abstentions | Votes for | Votes against | Abstentions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | – | – | – | 120,588,496 | 13,388,131 | 3,384,681 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (90.01% | ) | (9.99% | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | – | – | – | 137,628,120 | 11,277,368 | 106,271 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (92.43% | ) | (7.57% | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 112,098,213 | 33,210,269 | 3,308,499 | 143,279,761 | 5,212,375 | 124,844 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (77.14% | ) | (22.86% | ) | (96.49% | ) | (3.51% | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jo Harlow
Chair of the Remuneration Committee
20 February 2023
| 126 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration
The Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration explains how the Directors’ Remuneration Policy (DR Policy) was implemented in 2022 and the resulting payments each of the Executive Directors received.
This report is subject to an advisory vote by shareholders at the 2023 AGM. The notes to the single figure table provide further detail, where relevant, for each of the elements that make up the total single figure of remuneration for each of the Executive Directors.
AUDITED
| Single total figure of remuneration – Executive Directors |
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benefit | Subtotal |
APP |
LTIP |
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| Executive Directors | Year | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | a | £000 | £000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keith Barr | 2022 | 889 | 43 | 222 | 1,154 | 1,719 | 1,200 | 2,919 | 4,073 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 2021 | 857 | 41 | 214 | 1,112 | 1,727 | 360 | 2,087 | 3,199 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | 2022 | 654 | 21 | 163 | 838 | 1,264 | 882 | 2,146 | 2,984 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 2021 | 630 | 19 | 158 | 807 | 1,270 | 265 | 1,535 | 2,342 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Elie Maaloufb | 2022 | 700 | 66 | 136 | 902 | 1,349 | 939 | 2,288 | 3,190 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 2021 | 606 | 53 | 118 | 777 | 1,221 | 268 | 1,489 | 2,266 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| a | LTIP figures for 2021 relate to the 2019/21 LTIP cycle and have been restated using actual share price on date of vesting. Figures for 2022 relate to the value of shares for the 2020/22 cycle. |
| b | Elie Maalouf is paid in USD and the sterling equivalent is calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.81 in 2022 and $1 = £0.73 in 2021 (page 169). |
Notes to single figure table
Fixed pay
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Salary: salary paid for the year. Salary increases in 2022 were in line with the budget for the wider UK and US corporate workforce. |
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Benefits: for Executive Directors, this includes, but is not limited to, taxable benefits such as company car or allowance and healthcare. The 2022 figure for the non-US based Director, Elie Maalouf, includes higher travel and associated costs met by the Company than the comparable costs in 2021. |
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Pension benefit: for current Executive Directors, in line with the DR Policy, includes the value of IHG contributions and any cash allowances paid in lieu of pension contributions. |
Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson did not participate in any IHG pension plan in 2022 and instead received cash allowances of 25% of base salary; this has reduced to the maximum level available to all other participants in the UK pension plan from
1 January 2023, currently 12% of base salary.
Life assurance cover is provided for both Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson at four times base salary.
Elie Maalouf participated in the US 401(k) Plan and the US Deferred Compensation Plan (DCP). The US 401(k) Plan is a tax-qualified plan providing benefits on a defined contribution basis, with the member and company both contributing.
Contributions made by, and in respect of, Elie Maalouf in these plans for the year ended 31 December 2022 were:
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| Director’s contributions to US Deferred Compensation Plan | 413,850 | |||
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| Director’s contributions to US 401(k) Plan | 21,989 | |||
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| Company contributions to US Deferred Compensation Plan | 125,680 | |||
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| Company contributions to US 401(k) Plan | 10,001 | |||
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| Age of Director at 31 December 2022 | 58 | |||
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| a | Sterling values have been calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.81. |
As outlined in last year’s report, Elie’s retirement benefit is in line with other senior US employees and comprises a 6% of salary matched contribution (subject to IRS limits in respect of 401(k) contributions) and a 16% of salary supplemental employer DCP contribution.
Variable pay
APP (cash and deferred shares)
Operation
Award levels are determined based on salary at 31 December 2022 and are based on achievement vs target under each measure. For operating profit from reportable segments, the 2022 award was set on the basis of a payout range of +/-10% of target payout for performance of +/-$40m of target performance. Outside of this range, payout would be on a straight-line basis between threshold and -$40m and between +$40m and maximum. For room openings and room signings, the award was set on a straight-line basis between threshold and target, and target and maximum:
| • | threshold is the minimum level that must be achieved for there to be an award in relation to that measure; subject to Committee discretion, no award is made for achievement below threshold; |
| • | target is the target level of achievement and results in a target award for that measure; and |
| • | maximum is the level of achievement at which a maximum award for that measure is received (capped at 200% of salary). |
The Committee formally reviews performance against IHG’s Global Metrics as part of the APP structure in considering whether to apply discretion to adjust outcomes on the strategic measures.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 127 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued
AUDITED
APP outcome for 2022
The performance measures for the 2022 APP were determined in accordance with the DR Policy and were:
| • | operating profit from reportable segments (70%); |
| • | room signings (15%); and |
| • | room openings (15%). |
Target award was 115% of salary and maximum was up to 200% of target for each measure, subject to an overall cap on the award of 200% of salary. The tables below show threshold, target and maximum opportunity, as well as weighting and actual 2022 achievement.
APP measures – % of target award
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| Threshold | $629m | 50% | ||||||||||||||
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| Target | $740m | 100% | 70% | 135.8% | ||||||||||||
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| Actual | $846m | 194% | ||||||||||||||
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| Maximum | $851m | 200% | ||||||||||||||
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| Threshold | 72.6 | 50% | ||||||||||||||
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| Target | 80.7 | 100% | ||||||||||||||
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| Actual | 80.9 | 103% | 15% | 15.4% | ||||||||||||
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| Maximum | 88.7 | 200% | ||||||||||||||
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| Room openings (k rooms) |
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| Threshold | 44.9 | 50% | ||||||||||||||
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| Target | 49.8 | 100% | 15% | 15.2% | ||||||||||||
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| Actual | 49.9 | 101% | ||||||||||||||
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| Maximum | 54.8 | 200% | ||||||||||||||
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| Total weighted achievement |
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166.4% | ||||||||||||||
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Operating profit from reportable segments is a Non-GAAP measure and excludes certain items from operating profit. Additionally, in determining operating profit from reportable segments for APP purposes, budgeted exchange rates for the year are used to ensure like-for-like comparison with the APP target set at the start of the year.
In June 2022, IHG announced the decision to cease all operations in Russia consistent with evolving UK, US and EU sanction regimes and the ongoing and increasing challenges of operating there. This situation was not foreseen at the time of setting incentive plan targets and was not a strategic choice. As such, the Committee has determined the treatment for impacted incentive plan measures. For the APP, operating profit from reportable segments, room openings and room signings results assume Russia performance for the full year was in line with budgeted performance at the
time of setting targets. In respect of this, 550 room signings, 450 room openings and $4.6 million of operating profit from reportable segments are included in the figures opposite. A further $3.8 million relates to other adjustments agreed by the Committee.
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| Operating profit from reportable segments (at actual exchange rates) (see page 169) |
$828m | |||
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| Difference due to exchange rates | $10m | |||
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| Difference for Russia exit and other adjustments | $8m | |||
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| Operating profit from reportable segments (at 2022 budget exchange rates) |
$846m | |||
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LTIP 2020/22 (granted in 2020)
Awards are made annually and eligible executives will receive shares at the end of the cycle, subject to achievement of the performance conditions. These conditions and weightings are described on page 129.
TSR measures the return to shareholders by investing in IHG relative to a comparator group containing the following major globally branded competitors: Accor S.A., Choice Hotels International Inc., Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc., Hyatt Hotels Corporation, Marriott International Inc., Melia Hotels International S.A., NH Hotels Group, and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc., as per data provided by our corporate bankers sourced from Refinitiv Datastream. Maximum payout is for upper quartile relative performance and threshold is median of the comparator group.
The share price in respect of the 2019/21 LTIP cycle has been restated using the volume weighted average price of 5,189p for all Executive Directors on the date of actual vesting on 23 February 2022. The corresponding values shown in the 2021 report (prior to the actual vesting) were an estimate calculated using an average share price over the final quarter of 2021 of 4,858p.
LTIP outcome for 2020/22 cycle
The performance measures for the 2020/22 three-year LTIP cycle were determined in accordance with the DR Policy and were:
| • | Total Shareholder Return (30%); |
| • | net system size growth (30%); |
| • | Total Gross Revenue (20%); and |
| • | cash flow (20%). |
The following tables show threshold and maximum opportunity, as well as weighting and actual achievement, based on the formulaic outcomes against the three-year targets set in 2020, and following the application of Committee discretion, for each performance measure.
LTIP measures – % of maximum opportunity
| 128 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
AUDITED
| Performance targets | Achievement (% of maximum) |
Weighted achievement | ||||||||
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| Total Shareholder Return: Three-year growth relative to average of competitors 30% |
Maximum 43.8
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Maximum 100% | Outcome -1.3% | Below threshold | 0% | |||||
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Threshold 28.0
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Threshold 20% | |||||||||
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| Total Gross Revenue: Based on IHG’s performance against an absolute Total Gross Revenue target 20% |
Maximum $22.4bn
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Maximum 100% | Outcome $26.55bn |
100% | 20% | |||||
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Threshold $19.04bn
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| Net system size growth: Three-year growth relative to competitors 30% |
Maximum 5.2%
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Maximum 100% | Outcome 2.8% |
58.8% |
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Threshold 0.5%
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| Cash flow (original target): Based on IHG’s performance against an absolute cash flow target set at the start of the plan cycle before the impact of Covid-19 |
Maximum $2.54bn
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Formulaic achievement 36.5% |
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Threshold $1.91bn
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| Cash flow (shadow target): Set in October 2020 based on assumptions of a full recovery over time and management focus on maintaining sustainable savings and disciplined cash management |
Maximum $1.09bn
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Maximum 100% | Reported outcome $1.97bn |
Formulaic achievement 100% |
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Threshold $0.82bn
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Threshold 20% | Adjusted outcome $2.04bn | ||||||||
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| Cash flow (discretionary outcome): See page 115 for further details on the Committee’s consideration of discretion relating to the cash flow target 20% |
Maximum $2.54bn
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Formulaic achievement 72.4% |
Weighted discretionary outcome 14.5% | |||||||
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Threshold $1.09bn
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| Total % of maximum opportunity vested | 52.1% | |||||||||
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Adjustments to cash flow outcome
Over the performance period of the 2020/22 LTIP award, there have been events that have impacted IHG’s cash flow that were unquantified or unforeseen when the original targets were set. In line with the adjustments reported in the 2019 to 2021 Annual Reports, the table opposite shows the reconciliation between reported cash flow and the outcome for the 2020/22 LTIP. This includes adjustments agreed by the Committee to exclude the impact of the exit from Russia, as described on page 128, as well as adjustments relating to the SVC portfolio exit and the Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza estate review (consistent with the approach taken in relation to the NSSG measure, as noted below).
| Reconciliation | Cash flow $bn |
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| Reported cash flow from operations | 2.12 | |||
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| Net cash from investing activities | (0.15) | |||
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| Reported outcome per definition | 1.97 | |||
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| Other adjustments (see text opposite) | 0.07 | |||
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| Adjusted outcome | 2.04 | |||
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Adjustment to other measures
In line with the approach taken for the APP as described on page 128, the Total Gross Revenue outcome has been adjusted to assume performance from Russia was as budgeted at the time the target was set; net system size growth performance for IHG and all companies in the peer set for this relative measure has been adjusted to remove the Russia system size from all companies for all years.
The formulaic NSSG LTIP outcome above includes the same adjustment reported for the 2018/20 and 2019/21 cycles to exclude the removal from IHG brands of rooms associated with the SVC portfolio towards the end of 2020 due to the SVC management agreement termination. The formulaic outcome also includes an adjustment to exclude room removals incremental to our normal level due to the Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza estate review in 2021.
These events were not budgeted for at the time of setting the 2020/22 targets and the Committee, in its judgement, considered it was appropriate to adjust for them on the basis of its view that LTIP participants should not have been disincentivised from making these decisions in the long-term interest of shareholders.
The Committee considered performance against the ROCE underpin, as outlined on page 116, and determined not to adjust the NSSG vesting level in respect of this.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 129 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued
AUDITED
As outlined in the Chair’s Statement on pages 114 to 119, the Remuneration Committee has exercised its discretion to adjust the formulaic outcome of the 2020/22 LTIP. This cycle will vest on 22 February 2023 and Executive Directors are subject to a two-year post-vest holding period. The individual outcomes for this cycle are shown below.
The share price of 4,687p used to calculate the 2020/22 LTIP cycle value shown in the single figure table is the average over the final quarter of 2022.
| Maximum | % of maximum | Outcome | Total value | Value of award | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| opportunity at grant | opportunity | (number of shares | of award | attributable to share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Executive Director | Award cycle | (number of shares) | vested | awarded at vest) | £000 | price appreciation | a | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Keith Barr | LTIP 2020/22 | 49,153 | 52.1% | 25,608 | 1,200 | 305 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | LTIP 2020/22 | 36,140 | 52.1% | 18,828 | 882 | 224 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elie Maalouf | LTIP 2020/22 | 38,463 | 52.1% | 20,039 | 939 | 239 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | If the 2020/22 LTIP awards had been granted at the approved DR Policy levels of 350% of salary for the CEO and 275% of salary for other Executive Directors, the corresponding total award values would have been £2,049k for Keith Barr (so the actual award represents a £849k reduction in value compared to a £305k increase due to share price appreciation; £1,184k for Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson (so the actual award represents a £302k reduction in value compared to a £224k increase due to share price appreciation); and £1,260k for Elie Maalouf (so the actual award represents a £321k reduction in value compared to a £239k increase due to share price appreciation). See page 114 for further details on the windfall gains assessment. |
Other outstanding awards
Scheme interests awarded during 2021 and 2022
During 2021 and 2022, awards were granted under the LTIP cycle and made to each Executive Director over shares with a maximum value of 350% for the CEO and 275% for all other Executive Directors using an average of the closing mid-market share price for the five days prior to grant, as in the table below. These are in the form of conditional awards over Company shares and do not carry the right to dividends or dividend equivalents during the vesting period.
The vesting date for the 2021/23 LTIP award is the day after the announcement of our financial year 2023 Preliminary Results in February 2024. These awards will vest to the extent performance targets are met and will then be held in a nominee account for a further two years, transferring to the award-holder in February 2026.
The vesting date for the 2022/24 LTIP award is the day after the announcement of our financial year 2024 Preliminary Results in February 2025. These awards will vest to the extent performance targets are met and will then be held in a nominee account for a further two years, transferring to the award-holder in February 2027.
| Executive Director | Award date | Maximum shares awarded |
Market price £ |
Face value of award at grant £000 |
Number of shares received if minimum performance achieved |
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| 2022/24 cycle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keith Barr | 13 May 2022 | 64,903 | 48.42 | 3,143 | 12,981 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnsona | 13 May 2022 | 37,495 | 48.42 | 1,816 | 7,499 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Elie Maalouf | 13 May 2022 | 40,101 | 48.42 | 1,942 | 8,020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2021/23 cycle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keith Barr | 10 May 2021 | 59,385 | 50.88 | 3,022 | 11,877 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnsona | 10 May 2021 | 34,310 | 50.88 | 1,746 | 6,862 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Elie Maalouf | 10 May 2021 | 32,525 | 50.88 | 1,655 | 6,505 | |||||||||||||||||||
| a | Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson will step down from the role of Chief Financial Officer and Group Head of Strategy, and from the Board, on 19 March 2023 and the treatment of his unvested awards is described on pages 118 to 119. |
Performance measures and consideration of discretion
The performance measures for both the 2021/23 cycle and the 2022/24 cycle are as outlined in the 2021 Annual Report: Relative TSR (30%), NSSG (40%) and cash flow (30%) for the three years ending 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2024, respectively. NSSG is a relative measure and is measured to 30 September rather than 31 December due to the timing of the publication of competitor data. The minimum performance is equal to 20% of the maximum award.
The targets for the 2021/23 cycle can be found on page 109 of the 2020 Annual Report and targets for the 2022/24 cycle can be found on page 125 of the 2021 Annual Report.
As noted in the 2020 Directors’ Remuneration Report, TGR was removed from the LTIP measures for these cycles and the weightings for both relative NSSG and absolute cash flow were increased, maintaining a similar balance between absolute and relative measures as in the previous cycle. TGR is heavily impacted by the pace and shape of market RevPAR recovery, which is outside management’s control and remained unpredictable at the time of setting targets.
Relative NSSG for both cycles will be subject to the achievement of a ROCE underpin of 20%, below which the Committee has the discretion to reduce the outcome for the measure. The underpin was introduced to ensure IHG’s high returns on capital were prioritised in strategic decision-making (e.g. M&A activity) as opposed to simply reflecting trading performance.
Any use of discretion, including the factors influencing the decision, will be clearly communicated in the Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year in which the decision is made.
| 130 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
AUDITED
Executive Directors’ shareholdings and share interests
The Committee believes that share ownership by Executive Directors and senior executives strengthens the link between the individuals’ personal interests and those of shareholders.
Guideline Executive Director shareholding requirement
Executive Directors are required to hold shares equal to 500% of salary for the Chief Executive Officer and 300% for any other Executive Director. Executive Directors are expected to hold all net shares earned until the previous guideline shareholding requirement is achieved (300% for the CEO and 200% for other Executive Directors) and at least 50% of all subsequent net shares earned until the current guideline shareholding is met. The number of shares held outright includes all Directors’ beneficial interests and those held by their spouses and other connected persons. It also includes the net value of unvested shares that are not subject to any further performance conditions.
Percentages are calculated using the 30 December 2022 share price of 4,744p.
The full guideline minimum shareholding requirement continues for six months after cessation of employment and 50% of the requirement continues for an additional six months. As a part of this requirement, since 2019, shares have been granted and all unvested awards held in a nominee account with Executive
Directors are required to electronically sign an agreement to the terms of the grant, including the post-employment shareholding requirement.
Shares and awards held by Executive Directors at 31 December 2022: % of salary
Percentages have been calculated using base salary in GBP at 31 December 2022. Elie Maalouf is paid in USD and the sterling equivalent is calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.81. A combined tax and social security rate of 47% is used for Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson and a rate of 45.1% is used for Elie Maalouf.
Current Directors’ shareholdings
The APP deferred share awards are not subject to additional performance conditions. Details on the performance conditions to which the unvested LTIP awards are still subject can be found on page 130. There have been no changes in the shareholding interests of any of the Directors since the end of the financial year up to the publication of this report.
Shares and awards held by Executive Directors at 31 December 2022: number of shares
| Number of shares held outright, including those subject to post-vest holding |
APP deferred share awards | LTIP share awards (unvested) | Total number of shares and awards held | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keith Barr | 93,263 | 81,830 | 29,090 | 26,696 | 173,441 | 143,231 | 295,794 | 251,757 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | 66,869 | 58,723 | 21,389 | 19,137 | 107,945 | 95,959 | 196,203 | 173,819 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Elie Maalouf | 83,340 | 74,698 | 21,308 | 19,625 | 111,089 | 96,790 | 215,737 | 191,113 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Other information relating to Directors’ remuneration
Dividends paid to Executive Directors
A final dividend for 2021 of 67.50p per ordinary share (85.9¢ per ADR) was paid on 17 May 2022 to shareholders on the Register of members at the close of business on 1 April 2022.
An interim dividend of 37.8p per ordinary share (43.9¢ per ADR) was paid on 6 October 2022 to shareholders on the Register of members at the close of business on 2 September 2022.
Dividends are payable on vested shares held outright, including those subject to a post-vest holding period, and deferred APP shares.
Consideration of discretion
The Committee’s consideration of discretion in respect of 2022 remuneration outcomes is covered in detail on pages 114 to 117.
AUDITED
Payments for loss of office
There were no payments for loss of office in 2022.
Pension entitlements
No Executive Director is entitled to any Defined Benefit pension or related benefit from IHG.
Payments to past Directors – benefits
Sir Ian Prosser
Sir Ian Prosser, who retired as Director on 31 December 2003, had an ongoing healthcare benefit of £1,552.63 during the year.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 131 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued
Relative performance graph
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC is a member of the FTSE 100 share index, and the graph below shows the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance from 31 December 2012 to 31 December 2022, assuming dividends are reinvested, compared with the TSR performance achieved by the FTSE 100.
Chief Executive Officer’s remuneration
The table below shows the Chief Executive Officer’s single figure of total remuneration for the 10 years to 31 December 2022.
| Single figure |
CEO |
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Single figure of remuneration (£000) |
Keith Barr | 2,161 | 3,143 | a | 3,376 | 1,484 | 3,199 | 4,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Richard Solomons | 3,131 | 6,611 | b | 3,197 | 3,662 | 2,207 | c | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Annual incentive received (% of maximum) |
Keith Barr | 69.7 | 84.1 | 58.7 | 0 | 100.0 | 95.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Richard Solomons | 74.0 | 74.0 | 75.0 | 63.9 | 66.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Shares received under the LTIP (% of maximum) |
Keith Barr | 46.1 | 45.4 | 78.9 | 30.6 | 20.0 | 52.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Richard Solomons | 59.0 | 56.1 | 50.0 | 49.4 | 46.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| a | For Keith Barr, the 2018 figure includes a one-off cash payment for relocation costs in lieu of benefits received while on international assignment prior to CEO position, fully explained in the 2017 report. |
| b | For Richard Solomons, the 2014 figure includes a one-off cash payment in respect of pension entitlements which was fully explained in the 2014 report. |
| c | In respect of period 1 January to 30 June 2017. |
Growth of Company vs growth of CEO pay
As an additional point of reference, the chart below shows CEO single figure table remuneration over the past 10 years as disclosed above, excluding the 2014 one-off cash payment to Richard Solomons in respect of pension entitlements, and the Company’s net system size growth, a key metric in our Long Term Incentive Plan, and in our Annual Performance Plan in recent years, and aligned to our ambition. Subject to performance achievements, increased LTIP grant levels made since 2021 under the approved 2020 Directors’ Remuneration Policy should in due course contribute towards bridging the gap between the growth in pay of the CEO and the growth of the Company.
| 132 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
CEO pay ratio
As we have noted in previous Annual Reports, pay ratios will differ significantly between companies, even within the same industry, depending on demographics and business models. The Group’s UK employee demographic, which primarily consisted of largely professional, management and senior corporate roles, changed in 2019 with the addition of a number of hotel employing entities, comprising the UK leased estate, which includes a large proportion of part-time and flexible-working support and service roles. As per our past disclosures, we show the ratio both including and excluding the UK hotel employing entities.
| Population excluding hotel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full population | employing entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Method | 25th | Median | 75th | 25th | Median | 75th | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2022 | Option C |
170:1 | 109:1 | 53:1 | 68:1 | 51:1 | 34:1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2021 | Option C |
163:1 | 65:1 | 41:1 | 59:1 | 42:1 | 27:1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2020 | Option C |
89:1 | 44:1 | 25:1 | 35:1 | 26:1 | 18:1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2019 | Option C |
180:1 | 122:1 | 59:1 | 71:1 | 49:1 | 32:1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2018 | Option C |
– | – | – | 72:1 | 48:1 | 29:1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 figures have been restated to reflect the value of the CEO’s LTIP awards on the date of actual vesting rather than the estimated vesting levels used in the respective years’ Annual Reports.
What drives the difference in pay between our CEO and other employees?
Pay ratios reflect how remuneration arrangements differ as responsibility increases for more senior roles within the organisation, for example:
| • | while a strong APP outcome increased outcomes for both the CEO and wider corporate population, a greater proportion of performance-related variable pay and share-based incentives apply for the more senior executives, including Executive Directors, who will have a greater degree of influence over performance outcomes; |
| • | role-specific specialist plans apply in certain areas such as corporate reservations, sales, hotel development and General Managers of IHG managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels. The target and maximum amounts that can be earned under these plans are typically a higher percentage of base salary for more senior employees, which in turn affect the pay ratio; and |
| • | incentive plans for other corporate employees are typically based on a combination of individual performance and the Group’s operating profit from reportable segments. |
The increase in ratio since 2020, reflects the strong recovery of the business since the main impact of the pandemic and the resulting increases in variable pay outcomes. Overall, on this basis, the Company believes the median pay ratio for the relevant financial year is consistent with the pay, reward and progression for the Company’s UK employees taken as a whole, as outlined on pages 123 to 124.
Calculation methodology and supporting information
Option C has been selected for the identification of the percentile employees. IHG prefer to use this method as we are able to produce the most accurate total remuneration figure for all UK employees on a basis comparable with the statutory reporting for Executive Directors using the most recently available data at the time of producing the Annual Report. Specifically, this involves:
| • | compiling all monthly payroll data for all UK employees from 1 January to 31 December 2022 detailing complete variable and fixed remuneration, including pension and taxable benefits such as company car or allowance and healthcare; and |
| • | valuing APP for the corporate workforce based on actual 2022 company performance metrics but only target for the personal performance metric, as actual outcomes for this element of the award are not known at the time of writing this report, so that it reflects as much of the same input as for the CEO data as possible at the time of calculation. In practice, personal performance outcomes are subject to manager discretion and can be flexed between 0-200% of target. |
Option C requires three UK employees to be identified as the equivalent of the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. Having identified these employees, the 2022 remuneration is calculated on the same basis as the CEO single total figure of remuneration.
The pay arrangements for the six employees, three from the full population and three from the population excluding hotel employing entities, were reviewed alongside those for the employees ranked immediately above and below them to confirm that they were representative of pay levels at these quartiles.
The 2022 salary and total pay for the individuals identified at the lower, median and upper quartiles are set out below.
| 25th | 75th | |||||||||||||
| percentile | Median | percentile | ||||||||||||
| Year | pay ratio | pay ratio | pay ratio | |||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2022 – Full population |
Salary £ | 21,184 | 28,429 | 60,312 | ||||||||||
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| Total remuneration £ | 23,957 | 37,521 | 77,183 | |||||||||||
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| Financial year ended 31 December 2022 – Excluding hotel employing entities |
Salary £ | 46,750 | 60,854 | 83,003 | ||||||||||
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| Total remuneration £ | 60,271 | 79,857 | 121,127 | |||||||||||
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Relative importance of spend on pay
The chart below sets out the actual expenditure of the Group in 2022 and 2021, showing the differences between those years. Further information, including where 2021 figures have been restated, can be found in the Group Financial Statements starting on page 139 and the accompanying notes.
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 133 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued
AUDITED
Single total figure of remuneration: Non-Executive Directors
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01/01/13 | 308 | 444 | 27 | 1 | 335 | 445 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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01/06/22 | 174 | – | 10 | – | 184 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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01/09/20 | 116 | 78 | 2 | 0 | 118 | 78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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01/03/21 | 81 | 65 | 4 | 0 | 85 | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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01/01/20 | 81 | 78 | 5 | 0 | 86 | 78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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01/09/13 | 108 | 104 | 5 | 0 | 113 | 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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07/12/20 | 81 | 78 | 14 | 0 | 95 | 78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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01/07/22 | 41 | – | 1 | – | 42 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See page 91 for Board and Committee membership key and attendance. |
Fees: Fees are paid in line with the DR Policy. Patrick Cescau stepped down from the Board on 31 August 2022 so all fees and taxable benefits for this Director ceased on this date. Deanna Oppenheimer joined the Board on 1 June 2022 in a Non-Executive Director role before she replaced Patrick Cescau as Chair of the Board on 1 September 2022, and Byron Grote joined the Board on 1 July 2022, so all fees and taxable benefits for these Directors began on their appointment dates.
Benefits: For Non-Executive Directors, benefits include taxable travel and accommodation expenses to attend Board meetings away from the designated home location. Under UK income tax legislation, the non-UK based Non-Executive Directors are not subject to tax on some travel expenses; this is reflected in the taxable benefits for Deanna Oppenheimer, Duriya Farooqui and Sharon Rothstein. Due to global restrictions on travel during 2021 as a result of the pandemic, there were no Board meetings held in person throughout 2021, so taxable travel and accommodation expenses are lower in this year in comparison to 2022, when Board meetings were held in person.
Other: Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for any incentive awards or for any pension contributions or benefit.
Shares held by Non-Executive Directors at 31 December 2022:
The Non-Executive Directors who held shares are listed in the table below:
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| Daniela Barone Soares | 316 | 316 | ||||||
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| a | Shares held in the form of American Depositary Receipts. |
There have been no changes in the shareholding interests of any of the Directors since the end of the financial year up to the publication of this report.
Fees: Non-Executive Directors
The fees for Non-Executive Directors are reviewed and agreed annually in line with the DR Policy; 2023 increases are lower than the budget for the wider UK and US corporate workforce, whereas 2022 increases were in line with the budget for the wider UK and US corporate workforce. The basis for setting fee levels for 2023 will be as follows, each element independently rounded to the nearest £000:
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| Chair of the Board | Deanna Oppenheimer | 475 | – | 475 | 461 | |||||||||||||
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| Senior Independent Director | Graham Allan | 84 | 36 | 120 | 116 | |||||||||||||
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| Chair of Audit Committee | Ian Dyson | 84 | 28 | 111 | 108 | |||||||||||||
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| Chair of Remuneration Committee | Jo Harlow | 84 | 28 | 111 | 108 | |||||||||||||
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| Chair of Responsible Business Committee | Jill McDonald | 84 | 15 | 98 | 95 | |||||||||||||
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| Non-Executive Director | Daniela Barone Soares Arthur de Haast Duriya Farooqui Byron Grote Sharon Rothstein |
84 | – | 84 | 81 | |||||||||||||
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| 134 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Annual percentage change in remuneration of Directors compared to employees
The table below shows the percentage change in all Directors’ remuneration compared to that of an average employee between the financial years ended 31 December 2019 to 31 December 2022.
The 2022 remuneration figures for the Directors are taken from the data used to compile the single figure tables of remuneration shown on pages 127 and 134, excluding any rounding up or down. No employees are directly employed by the Group’s Parent Company, so the average employee data for this year’s report is based on the same UK corporate employee population as that on which the CEO pay ratio is calculated. Elie Maalouf’s salary is paid in USD but reported in the single figure table in GBP. We have previously reported his year-on-year change using the sterling equivalents; however, we have noticed the exchange rate differences have been having a higher impact on his percentage changes between years. We therefore made the decision to strip out the impact of the currency conversion for Elie Maalouf by using his USD values to provide a more meaningful indication of his year-on-year remuneration changes. To ensure the table reflects a like-for-like comparison between years, we have also recalculated and restated the percentage change figures for Elie Maalouf for 2021 vs 2020 and 2020 vs 2019.
All corporate employees share the same corporate performance metrics with the Executive Directors; however, the weightings of these metrics for corporate employees below Executive Committee level include an individual performance portion, the results of which are not available at the time of reporting, so for average employee data, we assume that target performance is achieved. Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for a bonus.
Taxable benefits for Non-Executive Directors largely comprise travel expenses, which returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2022 following a significant reduction in 2020 and 2021 due to travel restrictions. Executive Director and average employee taxable benefits typically comprise elements of their reward package such as company car or allowance and healthcare benefits.
| Year-on-year change 2022 vs 2021 |
Year-on-year change 2021 vs 2020 | Year-on-year change 2020 vs 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salary | Bonus | Taxable benefit |
Salary | Bonus | Taxable benefit |
Salary | Bonus | Taxable benefit |
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| Executive Directors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keith Barr | 4% | -0.47% | 5% | 20% | 100% | -9% | -14% | -100% | 25% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | 4% | -0.47% | 9% | 20% | 100% | -8% | -13% | -100% | -14% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elie Maalouf | 4% | -0.47% | 12% | 22% | 100% | 91% | -15% | -100% | -9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Executive Directors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deanna Oppenheimer | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Graham Allan | 49% | N/A | 684%a | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daniela Barone Soares | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arthur de Haast | 4% | N/A | 1,706%a | 18% | N/A | -1% | – | N/A | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ian Dyson | 4% | N/A | 100%a | 18% | N/A | -100% | -13% | N/A | -90% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Duriya Farooqui | 4% | N/A | 100%a | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Byron Grote | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jo Harlow | 4% | N/A | 1,970%a | 18% | N/A | 100% | -13% | N/A | -94% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jill McDonald | 4% | N/A | 2,108%a | 18% | N/A | -1% | -13% | N/A | -87% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sharon Rothstein | 4% | N/A | 100%a | – | N/A | – | – | N/A | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average employee | 14% | -6.01% | 5% | 3% | 100% | -11% | -6% | -100% | -9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Please see notes below for further details on these percentage change anomalies. |
Notes to the annual percentage change in remuneration of Directors compared to employees table
| • | No data has been reported for Daniela Barone Soares as she joined the Board in 2021 and therefore only part-year data is available, which does not enable a comparison with 2022. Similarly, Deanna Oppenheimer and Byron Grote both joined the Board during 2022, so there will be no full-year data comparisons for them in 2022 and 2023. Graham Allan was appointed a Senior Non-Executive Director from 1 January 2022, so his salary percentage change increase incorporates the base fee increase and the addition of his role supplement. |
| • | As confirmed on page 127, the 2022 taxable benefits figure for the non-UK based Executive Director, Elie Maalouf, includes higher travel and associated costs met by the Company than the comparable costs in 2021. As noted above, we have changed the method in which we calculate Elie Maalouf’s percentage change for 2022; we believe that removing the impact of currency will provide a more meaningful picture of how his pay is moving year-on-year and aligns further with the intentions of this disclosure. |
| • | In 2022, we saw the reintroduction of in-person Board meetings, in comparison to 2021 where just one Board dinner was held. Graham Allan incurred only £257.21 in expenses in 2021 but incurred £2,016.61 in 2022, hence the percentage change increase for 2022 vs 2021 is 684%. Similarly, Arthur de Haast, Jo Harlow and Jill McDonald also incurred only £257.21 in expenses in 2021 but incurred £4,645.40, £5,323.09 and £5,678.58 respectively, hence their percentage change increases of over 1,000%. Ian Dyson, Duriya Farooqui and Sharon Rothstein did not incur any expenses in 2021 but did incur expenses in 2022, hence the percentage change for 2022 vs 2021 is 100%. We expect to see these extreme fluctuations shown in percentage change since we began reporting these in the 2020 Directors’ Remuneration Report reduce in future, on the assumption of reduced impact on business-related travel due to the pandemic. |
| • | Any significant percentage changes in the previous year-on-year changes (2021 vs 2020 and 2020 vs 2019) are explained in the relevant year’s Directors’ Remuneration Report. |
| • | The average bonus outcome for the average employee is reduced by a greater extent than the Executive Directors because the Executive Director outcomes were capped in the prior year. The average employee salary percentage change shows a higher increase, as an additional 33% was available on top of the standard merit budget for employees below Executive Committee level, and an increase in benefits includes the reintroduction of Bravo and the vesting of the first Colleague Share Plan matching award. |
| Directors’ Remuneration Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 135 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Directors’ Remuneration Report continued
Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued
Implementation of Directors’ Remuneration Policy in 2023
This section explains how certain elements of the DR Policy will be applied in 2023.
Salary: Executive Directors
Directors’ salaries are agreed annually in line with the DR Policy.
The following salaries will apply from 1 April 2023.
| Increase | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Executive Director | % | £ | $ | £ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keith Barr | 3 | 924,900 | 897,900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elie Maaloufa | 4 | 905,000 | 870,100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Elie Maalouf is paid in USD and his annual base salary for 2021 and 2022 is shown in USD. The sterling equivalent values calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.81 in 2023 and $1 = £0.73 in 2022 are: 2023 £733,050 and 2022 £635,173. |
Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson is not eligible for a merit increase in 2023 as he is leaving IHG on 19 March 2023. Further details regarding his departure can be found on pages 118 to 119.
Michael Glover will be replacing Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson as Chief Financial Officer effective 20 March 2023 and will not be eligible for a merit increase until April 2024. His remuneration details are as follows: base salary from 20 March 2023: £620,000; pension and other benefits as well as APP and LTIP levels will be in line with the DR Policy. A series of one-off payments to cover relocation and associated costs will apply for the first three years: £150,000 payments both on appointment and on the first anniversary of appointment and £100,000 on the second anniversary of appointment. Michael will be relocating from his current CFO, Americas, role based out of the Atlanta office to the CFO role in the UK head office and these relocation payments are in line with how we treat other international moves.
The increases for all other Executive Directors are shown above and are lower than the budget for the wider UK and US corporate workforce. For Executive Director merit increases, we use a range of considerations including wider workforce merit increases, market data and external benchmarking. In addition to FTSE 100 data and other hotel comparators, we use the following US comparator group for CEO salary and overall pay benchmarking: Choice Hotels International Inc.; Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; Marriott International Inc.; and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc..
APP and LTIP performance measures and targets
The measures and targets for the 2023 APP and 2023/25 LTIP cycle are subject to ongoing shareholder consultation, along with the remaining aspects of the future DR Policy, at the time of writing this report. As noted on page 118, it is currently anticipated that the APP measures and weightings will remain as operating profit from reportable segments (70%), openings and signings (15% each); and that the LTIP will contain a new ESG measure incorporating targets related to decarbonisation actions as well as some of our diversity, equity and inclusion commitments.
Jo Harlow
Chair of the Remuneration Committee
20 February 2023
| 136 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Statement of compliance
Our Statement of compliance summarises how the Group has applied the principles of the 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code (available at www.frc.org.uk/directors under UK Corporate Governance Code) as published in July 2018 (the Code) and comments on compliance with the Code’s provisions.
This should be read in conjunction with the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 88, and Governance, including the Directors’ Remuneration Report, on pages 89 to 136, as a whole.
The Board considers that the Group has complied in all material respects with the Code’s provisions for the year ended 31 December 2022, save as noted below in section 3 L (Annual evaluation) in respect of provision 21, and section 5 P (Remuneration policies and practices) in respect of provision 38.
| 1. | Board Leadership and Company Purpose |
| A. | The role of the Board |
The Board continues to lead the Group’s strategic direction and long-term objectives. Further responsibilities of the Board are set out on page 98.
The Board met eight times during 2022 and all Directors continue to act in what they consider to be the best interests of the Company, consistent with their statutory duties. Further details of 2022 Board meetings, including information on matters discussed and decisions taken by the Board, are set out on pages 99 to 101; attendance information is on page 91; and skills and experience and biographical information is on pages 92 to 94.
A description of IHG’s business model is set out on pages 10 to 13. An assessment of the principal risks facing the Group is included on pages 44 to 51.
Potential conflicts of interest are reviewed annually and powers of authorisation are exercised in accordance with the Companies Act and the Company’s Articles of Association.
During the year, if any Director has unresolved concerns about the operation of the Board or the management of the Company, these would be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.
| B. | The Company’s purpose, values and strategy |
Our purpose is to provide True Hospitality for Good. A description of our culture, including an overview of our values and information on how the Board ensures alignment between our purpose, values and strategy and our culture, is included on pages 40 to 42. A summary of the Board’s activities in relation to the Voice of the Employee is included on page 111. Information on the Group’s approach to rewarding its workforce is contained on pages 30, 123 and 124.
| C. | Resources |
The Board delegates oversight of the allocation of day-to-day resources to management (principally through the Executive Committee).
Information on the Group’s key performance indicators, including the measures used to monitor them, is included on pages 62 to 65.
A summary of the procedures for identifying and discussing emerging risks is set out on pages 44 to 51.
| D. | Shareholders and stakeholders |
The Board engaged actively throughout 2022 with shareholders and other stakeholders. The Chair held a number of meetings with major institutional shareholders to discuss the role of the Board and other general governance issues, following which the Chair ensured that their views were communicated to the Board as a whole. Further details are on page 38.
Information on the Board’s consideration of and engagement with other stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, hotel owners and guests, is included on pages 38 and 39.
E. Workforce policies and practices
The Board has overarching responsibility for the Group’s workforce policies and practices and delegates day-to-day responsibility to the CEO and Chief Human Resources Officer to ensure that they are consistent with the Company’s values and support its long-term success.
Employees are able to report matters of concern confidentially through our Confidential Disclosure Channel. The Board routinely reviews reports generated from the disclosures and ensures that arrangements are in place for investigation and follow-up action as appropriate.
| 2. | Division of Responsibilities |
| F. | The Chair |
Deanna Oppenheimer leads the operation and governance of the Board and its Committees. The Chair has been in post since September 2022 and was independent on appointment.
| G. | Board composition |
The size and composition of the Board and its Committees are kept under review by the Nomination Committee to ensure the appropriate combination of Executive and Non-Executive Directors. Details of the composition of the Board and Committees are available on pages 91 to 94.
At least half of the Board, excluding the Chair, are Independent Non-Executive Directors. Provision 10 of the Code considers the independence of Non-Executive Directors and circumstances that might impair their independence, including holding office for over nine years. Jill McDonald and Ian Dyson reached a nine-year tenure in June 2022 and September 2022 respectively. The Company has announced both Jill and Ian’s retirement from the Board effective 28 February 2023. As Jill and Ian have served as Chair of the Responsible Business Committee and Chair of the Audit Committee respectively, the Board considered a slight extension to their nine-year tenure as appropriate to facilitate an orderly transition to their successors.
In light of their extended tenure, the Board carefully considered both Jill and Ian’s contributions and commitments and concluded that they remain independent.
| H. | Non-Executives |
Non-Executive Director terms of appointment outline IHG’s time commitment expectations required to fulfil their role.
The commitments of each Director are included in the Directors’ biographical details on pages 92 to 94. Details of Non-Executive Director appointment terms are set out on page 125.
The Chair annually reviews the time each Non-Executive Director dedicates to IHG as part of the internal performance evaluation of Directors (see page 104) and is satisfied that their other duties and time commitments do not conflict with those as Directors.
Graham Allan was appointed Senior Independent Non-Executive Director (SID) from 1 January 2022. The SID provides a sounding board for the Chair and serves as an intermediary for the other Directors and shareholders. Graham also led the annual performance review of the Chair (see page 104).
After each Board meeting, Non-Executive Directors and the Chair meet without Executive Directors being present (see page 98).
| Statement of compliance | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 137 |
Table of Contents
Governance
Statement of compliance continued
| I. | Policies, processes, information and resources |
The Chair and Company Secretary ensure that the Board and its Committees have the necessary policies and processes in place and that they receive timely, accurate and clear information. The Board and its Committees also have access to the Company Secretary, independent advice and other necessary resources, at the Company’s expense. They receive the administrative and logistical support of a full-time executive assistant. See page 98 for more details.
| 3. | Composition, Succession and Evaluation |
| J. | Appointments |
Appointments to the Board are led by the Nomination Committee in accordance with its Terms of Reference (available on our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance).
The Nomination Committee also supports the Board in succession planning for the Board and senior management. Further details of the role of the Nomination Committee and what it did in 2022 are in the Nomination Committee Report on pages 112 and 113.
The overall process of appointment and removal of Directors is overseen by the Board as a whole.
All of the Directors retire and seek election or re-election at each AGM.
| K. | Skills |
Details of the skills, experience and biographical information of the Board are set out on pages 92 to 94.
The Chair and Company Secretary ensure that new Directors receive a full induction and that all Directors continually update their skills and have the requisite knowledge and familiarity with the Group to fulfil their role (see page 103).
The length of service of Non-Executive Directors is reviewed regularly.
| L. | Annual evaluation |
The Board undertakes either an internal or external annual Board effectiveness evaluation. Provision 21 of the Code states that an externally facilitated board evaluation should take place at least every three years. The last external board evaluation was carried out in 2019. However, as Deanna Oppenheimer started as Chair in September 2022, the Board considered it appropriate to conduct an internal evaluation exercise following Deanna’s appointment, with a view to undertaking an externally facilitated evaluation exercise in 2023, which the Board considers would provide more meaningful and productive insight.
Performance evaluations of Directors, including the Chair, are also carried out on an annual basis. Directors’ biographies are set out on pages 92 to 94, and details of performance evaluations carried out in 2022 are on page 104.
| 4. | Audit, Risk and Internal Control |
| M. | Audit functions |
The Audit Committee is comprised entirely of Independent Non-Executive Directors (see page 91 for membership details).
Ian Dyson, the Chair of the Committee, and Byron Grote, the Committee’s Chair Designate, have recent and relevant financial experience, and the Committee as a whole has competence relevant to the sector in which we operate. Details of the Committee’s role, responsibilities and activities are set out on pages 105 to 109.
The Audit Committee reviewed the effectiveness of the Group’s Internal Audit function and also assessed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP’s performance during 2022, including its independence, effectiveness and objectivity. Details of these reviews are set out in the Audit Committee Report on pages 105 to 109.
| N. | Assessment of the Company’s position and prospects |
The Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities (including the Board’s statement confirming that it considers that the Annual Report and Form 20-F, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s position, performance, business model and strategy) is set out on page 140.
The status of IHG as a going concern is set out in the Directors’ Report on page 239. An explanation of the Group’s performance, business model, strategy and the risks and uncertainties relating to IHG’s prospects, including the viability of the Group, is set out in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 88.
| O. | Risk management |
The Board determines the nature and extent of the principal risks the organisation is willing to take to achieve its strategic objectives. An assessment of the principal and emerging risks facing the Group was carried out during the year, including those risks that would threaten the Group’s business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity and reputation (see pages 44 to 51 for further details of the principal risks). The Board and Audit Committee monitor the Group’s risk management and internal controls systems and conduct an annual review of their effectiveness. Throughout the year, the Board has directly, and through delegated authority to the Executive Committee and the Audit Committee, overseen and reviewed all material controls, including financial, operational and compliance controls. See pages 44 to 51 and 105 to 109.
| 5. | Remuneration |
| P. | Remuneration policies and practices |
The Remuneration Committee is responsible for developing policy on executive remuneration and determining remuneration packages of Directors and senior management. The Directors’ Remuneration Report is set out on pages 114 to 136. Details of the Remuneration Committee’s focus areas during 2022 are set out on pages 125 and 126 and its membership details are on page 91.
Provision 38 of the Code states that pension contribution rates for executive Directors should be aligned with those available to the workforce. As explained in the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019, this is the case for new UK appointments and existing UK Executive Directors from January 2023. US retirement benefit arrangements differ in a number of ways from the UK and include a Deferred Compensation Plan for senior employees.
Given the importance of the CEO, Americas’ role to the business and the market competitiveness concerns over Executive Director pay, the arrangements as they relate to the CEO, Americas are to be maintained. Further details can be found on page 118.
| Q. | Procedure for developing policy on executive remuneration |
Details of how the Directors’ Remuneration Policy (DR Policy) was implemented in 2022 are set out on pages 127 to 135. As explained on page 118, the new DR Policy remains subject to consultation with shareholders. It is intended that the consultation will be completed in time for the proposed 2023 DR Policy to be published in the Company’s Notice of 2023 Annual General Meeting.
During 2022, no individual Director was involved in deciding his or her own remuneration outcome.
| R. | Independent judgement and discretion |
The Remuneration Committee has formal discretions in place in relation to outcomes under the APP and LTIP, and these are disclosed as part of the DR Policy. When determining outcomes under these plans, the Committee considers whether it is appropriate to adjust outcomes under these discretions, taking account of the Group’s performance, relative performance against competitors, and other relevant factors. Information on the Remuneration Committee’s consideration of the use of discretion during 2022 is set out on pages 115 to 117.
| 138 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Group Financial Statements
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
Financial Statements and accounting records
The Directors are required to prepare the Annual Report and Form
20-F and the Financial Statements for the Company and the Group at the end of each financial year in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Under company law directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and the profit or loss of the Group for that period. The Directors have prepared the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards and the Company Financial Statements in accordance with UK accounting standards, comprising FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’, and applicable law. The Directors have also prepared the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRSs’) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (‘IASB’).
In preparing these Financial Statements, IHG Directors are required to:
• Select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently;
• Make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable;
• State whether the Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards;
• State for the Company Financial Statements whether applicable UK accounting standards, comprising FRS 101, have been followed; and
• Prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company and the Group will continue in business.
The Directors have responsibility for ensuring that the Company and the Group keep adequate accounting records sufficient to show and explain the Company’s and the Group’s transactions and which disclose with reasonable accuracy the financial position of the Company and the Group to enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements and the Directors’ Remuneration Report comply with the Companies Act 2006.
The Directors are also responsible for the system of internal control, for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group, and taking reasonable steps to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.
Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules
The Board confirms that to the best of its knowledge:
• The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards, and IFRSs as issued by the IASB, and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group taken as a whole;
• The Company Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with UK accounting standards, comprising FRS 101, and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Company; and
• The Annual Report, including the Strategic Report, includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company and the Group taken as a whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces.
UK Corporate Governance Code
Having taken advice from the Audit Committee, the Board considers that this Annual Report and Form 20-F, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and that it provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s and the Group’s position and performance, business model and strategy.
Disclosure of information to Auditor
The Directors who held office as at the date of approval of this report confirm that they have taken steps to make themselves aware of relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418(3) of the Companies Act 2006). None of the Directors are aware of any relevant audit information which has not been disclosed to the Company’s and Group’s Auditor.
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Group, as defined in Rule 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRSs.
The Group’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that:
• Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Group’s transactions and dispositions of assets;
• Are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards and IFRSs as issued by the IASB, and that receipts and expenditure are being made only in accordance with authorisation of management and the Directors of the Company; and
• Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use or disposition of the Group’s assets that could have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Any internal control framework has inherent limitations and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting at 31 December 2022 based on criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework).
Based on this assessment, management has concluded that as at 31 December 2022 the Group’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
During the period covered by this document there were no changes in the Group’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting.
The Group’s internal control over financial reporting at 31 December 2022, together with the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements, were audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their auditor’s report can be found on page 147.
For and on behalf of the Board
|
| |
| Keith Barr | Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | |
| Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer | |
| 20 February 2023 | 20 February 2023 |
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| 146 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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Independent Auditor’s US Report
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of directors and Shareholders of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying Group statement of financial position of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 and the related Group income statement and Group statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended 31 December 2022, the Accounting policies and the related notes (collectively referred to as the ‘Group Financial Statements’). We also have audited the Group’s internal control over financial reporting at 31 December 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the Group Financial Statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended 31 December 2022 in accordance with (i) International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and (ii) UK-adopted International Accounting Standards. Also in our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting at 31 December 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Group’s management is responsible for the Group Financial Statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting on page 140. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Group Financial Statements and on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Group Financial Statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the Group Financial Statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the Group Financial Statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the Group Financial Statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Group Financial Statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorisations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the Group Financial Statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the Group Financial Statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgements. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the Group Financial Statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Breakage assumption used to estimate IHG One Rewards loyalty programme deferred revenue
As described in the Estimates section of the Accounting policies and in note 3 to the Group Financial Statements, deferred revenue relating to the IHG One Rewards loyalty programme was $1,411m at 31 December 2022. The hotel loyalty programme, IHG One Rewards, enables members to earn points, funded through hotel assessments, during each qualifying stay at an IHG branded hotel and consume points at a later date for free or reduced accommodation or other benefits. The Group recognises deferred revenue in an amount that reflects the Group’s unsatisfied performance obligations, valued at the stand-alone selling price of the future benefit to the member. On an annual basis, the Group engages an external actuary who uses statistical formulae to assist in the estimate of the number of points that will never be consumed (‘breakage’). The amount of revenue recognised and deferred is impacted by the estimate of breakage. Significant estimation uncertainty exists in projecting members’ future consumption activity and how this may have been impacted by Covid-19.
| Independent Auditor’s US Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 147 |
Table of Contents
Group Financial Statements
Independent Auditor’s US Report continued
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the breakage assumption used to estimate IHG One Rewards loyalty programme deferred revenue is a critical audit matter are the significant estimation uncertainty in projecting members’ future consumption of points and how this may have been impacted by Covid-19. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgement, subjectivity, complexity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate the breakage assumption and the related audit evidence. The audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialised skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the Group Financial Statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s determination of the breakage assumption. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing a sample of data used by management’s external actuary in deriving the breakage assumption to underlying records; (ii) assessing the competence and objectivity of management’s actuary and understanding the methods and assumptions adopted by it in determining breakage; (iii) developing an independent expectation of a reasonably possible range for deferred revenue based on independently determined breakage assumptions; (iv) comparing the deferred revenue balance, which reflected management’s assumptions about the ongoing impact of Covid-19 on points consumption, with our independently calculated range; and (v) assessing the appropriateness of the related disclosures including sensitivity analysis in the Group Financial Statements. Professionals with specialised skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the breakage assumption.
Allocation of expenses to the System Fund
As described in the System Fund and other co-brand revenues section of the Accounting policies and in note 32 to the Group Financial Statements, the Group recorded System Fund expenses of $1,322m for the year ended 31 December 2022. The Group operates a System Fund to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for the specific purpose of use in marketing, the Guest Reservation System and hotel loyalty programme. Costs are incurred and allocated to the System Fund in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the allocation of expenses to the System Fund is a critical audit matter are the judgement involved in developing the Group’s internal policies in order to apply the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association to expenses incurred and the complexity in subsequently evaluating whether expenses are appropriately allocated to the System Fund in line with these internal policies. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgement, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate management’s classification of expenses.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the Group Financial Statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to allocation of expenses to the System Fund. These procedures also included, among others, (i) understanding and assessing the internal policies that the Group has put in place in order to apply the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association to expenses incurred; (ii) inspecting correspondence and minutes of meetings with the IHG Owners Association to identify whether allocations have been challenged or disputed; (iii) validating for a sample of cost centres the basis for any changes in the proportion of costs allocated to the System Fund compared to the prior year; (iv) testing expenses that had been allocated to the System Fund to assess whether they were accurately calculated, in compliance with the Group’s internal policies and consistent with historical practice; and
(v) checking whether there were any manual journal entries that transferred expenses to or from the System Fund to evaluate whether there was an appropriate rationale for any such journals and to determine whether the resulting classification of the expenses was in line with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association.
Recognition of the UK deferred tax asset
As described in the Taxes section of the Accounting policies and in note 8 to the Group Financial Statements, a deferred tax asset of $109m was recognised related to the UK tax group at 31 December 2022. Judgement is used when assessing the extent to which deferred tax assets, particularly in respect of tax losses, should be recognised. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is regarded as probable that there will be sufficient and suitable taxable profits or deferred tax liabilities in the relevant legal entity or tax group against which such assets can be utilised in the future. For this purpose, forecasts of future profits are considered by assessing estimated future cash flows. Tax assumptions are overlaid to these profit forecasts to estimate future taxable profits. This process has demonstrated that the UK deferred tax asset should reverse over a seven to ten year period, with the lower end of the range based on the Group’s base case forecast and the upper end of the range based on the Group’s severe downside case forecast. The losses do not expire, although they can only be offset against 50% of annual UK taxable profits. The Group’s TCFD disclosures describe how physical and transitional climate risks present both risks and opportunities for IHG. The potential downside risks have been considered in the context of the UK deferred tax asset recoverability assessment, without taking account of opportunities or mitigating actions.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to recognition of the UK deferred tax asset is a critical audit matter are the significant estimation uncertainty involved in determining the future taxable profits of the UK tax group including the impact of climate risk. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgement, subjectivity and effort in evaluating audit evidence and in determining the reasonableness of the forecast seven to ten year period to recover this asset. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialised skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the Group Financial Statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the recognition of deferred tax assets and the Group’s forecasting process. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating the appropriateness of the assumptions reflected in the UK forecasts, including assessing the reasonableness of growth predictions compared to historical experience and industry data and benchmarking management’s estimates to third-party sources, including consideration of how climate risk has been incorporated; (ii) assessing the appropriateness of tax overlay adjustments applied to the forecasts by reference to the requirements of tax principles, including the restriction of losses to 50% of annual UK taxable profits; (iii) assessing whether the UK deferred tax asset meets the recognition criteria of IAS 12; (iv) assessing the appropriateness of the forecast recovery period of seven to ten years; and (v) assessing the appropriateness of the related disclosures in the Group Financial Statements. Professionals with specialised skills and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of recognition of the UK deferred tax asset.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London, United Kingdom
20 February 2023
We have served as the Group’s auditor since 2021.
| 148 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
2020 Independent Auditor’s US Report
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the ‘Group Financial Statements’). In our opinion, the Group Financial Statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of the Group’s operations and the Group’s cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2020, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Basis for Opinion
These Group Financial Statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s Financial Statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Group Financial Statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the Group Financial Statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the Group Financial Statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Group Financial Statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We served as auditors from the Group’s listing in 2003 to 2021 and of the Group’s predecessor businesses from 1988.
London, England
22 February 2021
Note that the report set out above is included for the purposes of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2022 only and does not form part of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC’s Annual Report and Accounts for 2022.
| 2020 Independent Auditor’s US Report | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 149 |
Table of Contents
2022 |
2021 |
2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the year ended 31 December 2022 |
Note |
$m |
$m |
$m | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from fee business |
3 |
1,449 |
1,153 |
823 | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels |
3 |
394 |
237 |
169 | ||||||||||||||||||
System Fund revenues |
1,217 |
928 |
765 | |||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursement of costs |
832 |
589 |
637 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
2 |
3,892 |
2,907 |
2,394 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
(648 |
) |
(486 |
) |
(354) | |||||||||||||||||
System Fund expenses |
(1,322 |
) |
(939 |
) |
(867) | |||||||||||||||||
Reimbursed costs |
(832 |
) |
(589 |
) |
(637) | |||||||||||||||||
Administrative expenses |
(364 |
) |
(300 |
) |
(267) | |||||||||||||||||
Share of losses of associates and joint ventures |
2, 6 |
(59 |
) |
(8 |
) |
(14) | ||||||||||||||||
Other operating income |
29 |
11 |
16 | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation |
2 |
(68 |
) |
(98 |
) |
(110) | ||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss on financial assets |
(5 |
) |
– |
(88) | ||||||||||||||||||
Other net impairment reversals/(charges) |
6 |
5 |
(4 |
) |
(226) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating profit/(loss) |
2 |
628 |
494 |
(153) | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit/(loss) analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit before System Fund and exceptional items |
828 |
534 |
219 | |||||||||||||||||||
System Fund |
(105 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(102) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating exceptional items |
6 |
(95 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(270) | ||||||||||||||||
628 |
494 |
(153) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Financial income |
7 |
22 |
8 |
4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial expenses |
7 |
(118 |
) |
(147 |
) |
(144) | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
24 |
8 |
6 |
13 | ||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) before tax |
540 |
361 |
(280) | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax |
8 |
(164 |
) |
(96 |
) |
20 | ||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) for the year from continuing operations |
376 |
265 |
(260) | |||||||||||||||||||
Attributable to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity holders of the parent |
375 |
266 |
(260) | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interest |
1 |
(1 |
) |
– | ||||||||||||||||||
376 |
265 |
(260) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings/(loss) per ordinary share |
10 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
207.2 |
¢ |
145.4¢ |
(142.9)¢ | ||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
206.0 |
¢ |
144.6¢ |
(142.9)¢ | ||||||||||||||||||
 |
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
150 |
IHG |
For the year ended 31 December 2022 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m | |||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) for the year |
376 |
265 |
(260) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges, including related tax credit of $2m (2021: $7m charge, 2020: $4m credit) |
35 |
(69 |
) |
3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Costs of hedging |
3 |
2 |
(6) | |||||||||||||||||||
Hedging (gains)/losses reclassified to financial expenses |
(43 |
) |
96 |
(13) | ||||||||||||||||||
Exchange gains/(losses) on retranslation of foreign operations, including related tax credit of $5m (2021: $4m charge, 2020: $4m credit) |
181 |
18 |
(85) | |||||||||||||||||||
176 |
47 |
(101) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains/(losses) on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income, including related tax credit of $2m (2021: $1m charge, 2020: $4m credit) |
1 |
14 |
(43) | |||||||||||||||||||
Re-measurement gains/(losses) on defined benefit plans, net of related tax charge of $6m (2021: $nil, 2020: $1m credit) |
15 |
7 |
(7) | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax related to pension contributions |
– |
1 |
1 | |||||||||||||||||||
16 |
22 |
(49) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year |
192 |
69 |
(150) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year |
568 |
334 |
(410) | |||||||||||||||||||
Attributable to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity holders of the parent |
568 |
335 |
(410) | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interest |
– |
(1 |
) |
– | ||||||||||||||||||
568 |
334 |
(410) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
151 |
Equity share capital $m |
Capital redemption reserve $m |
Shares held by employee share trusts $m |
Other reserves $m |
Fair value reserve $m |
Cash flow hedge reserves $m |
Currency translation reserve $m |
Retained earnings $m |
IHG share- holders’ equity $m |
Non- controlling interest $m |
Total equity $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2022 |
154 |
10 |
(22 |
) |
(2,873 |
) |
25 |
5 |
316 |
904 |
(1,481 |
) |
7 |
(1,474) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
375 |
375 |
1 |
376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains on cash flow hedges |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
35 |
– |
– |
35 |
– |
35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of hedging |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
3 |
– |
3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedging gains reclassified to financial expenses |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(43 |
) |
– |
– |
(43 |
) |
– |
(43) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange gains on retranslation of foreign operations |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
182 |
– |
182 |
(1 |
) |
181 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(5 |
) |
182 |
– |
177 |
(1 |
) |
176 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Re-measurement gains on defined benefit plans |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
15 |
15 |
– |
15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
15 |
16 |
– |
16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
(5 |
) |
182 |
15 |
193 |
(1 |
) |
192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
(5 |
) |
182 |
390 |
568 |
– |
568 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares, including transaction costs |
(1 |
) |
1 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(513 |
) |
(513 |
) |
– |
(513) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
– |
(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of treasury shares to employee share trusts |
– |
– |
(26 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
26 |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Release of own shares by employee share trusts |
– |
– |
12 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(12 |
) |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based cost |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
44 |
44 |
– |
44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax related to share schemes |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
1 |
– |
1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity dividends paid |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(233 |
) |
(233 |
) |
– |
(233) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
(16 |
) |
(1 |
) |
– |
17 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
137 |
10 |
(37 |
) |
(2,856 |
) |
26 |
– |
498 |
607 |
(1,615 |
) |
7 |
(1,608) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
152 |
IHG |
Equity share capital $m |
Capital redemption reserve $m |
Shares held by employee share trusts $m |
Other reserves $m |
Fair value reserve $m |
Cash flow hedge reserves $m |
Currency translation reserve $m |
Retained earnings $m |
IHG share- holders’ equity $m |
Non- controlling interest $m |
Total equity $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
156 |
10 |
(1 |
) |
(2,875 |
) |
11 |
(24 |
) |
298 |
568 |
(1,857 |
) |
8 |
(1,849) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
266 |
266 |
(1 |
) |
265 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Losses on cash flow hedges |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(69 |
) |
– |
– |
(69 |
) |
– |
(69) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of hedging |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
2 |
– |
2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedging losses reclassified to financial expenses |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
96 |
– |
– |
96 |
– |
96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange gains on retranslation of foreign operations |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
18 |
– |
18 |
– |
18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
29 |
18 |
– |
47 |
– |
47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income |
– |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
– |
14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Re-measurement gains on defined benefit plans |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
7 |
7 |
– |
7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax related to pension contributions |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
1 |
– |
1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
8 |
22 |
– |
22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
29 |
18 |
8 |
69 |
– |
69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
29 |
18 |
274 |
335 |
(1 |
) |
334 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of treasury shares to employee share trusts |
– |
– |
(34 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
34 |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Release of own shares by employee share trusts |
– |
– |
13 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(13 |
) |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based cost |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
39 |
39 |
– |
39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax related to share schemes |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
2 |
– |
2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
(2 |
) |
– |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
154 |
10 |
(22 |
) |
(2,873 |
) |
25 |
5 |
316 |
904 |
(1,481 |
) |
7 |
(1,474) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
153 |
Equity share capital $m |
Capital redemption reserve $m |
Shares held by employee share trusts $m |
Other reserves $m |
Fair value reserve $m |
Cash flow hedge reserves $m |
Currency translation reserve $m |
Retained earnings $m |
IHG share- holders’ equity $m |
Non- controlling interest $m |
Total equity $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2020 |
151 |
10 |
(5 |
) |
(2,870 |
) |
57 |
(6 |
) |
381 |
809 |
(1,473 |
) |
8 |
(1,465) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(260 |
) |
(260 |
) |
– |
(260) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Losses on cash flow hedges |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
3 |
– |
3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of hedging |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(6 |
) |
– |
– |
(6 |
) |
– |
(6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedging gains reclassified to financial expenses |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(13 |
) |
– |
– |
(13 |
) |
– |
(13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange losses on retranslation of foreign operations |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
(83 |
) |
– |
(85 |
) |
– |
(85) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(18 |
) |
(83 |
) |
– |
(101 |
) |
– |
(101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Losses on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(43 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(43 |
) |
– |
(43) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains on equity instruments transferred to retained earnings on disposal |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(3 |
) |
– |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Re-measurement losses on defined benefit plans |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(7 |
) |
(7 |
) |
– |
(7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax related to pension contributions |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
1 |
– |
1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
– |
– |
(46 |
) |
– |
– |
(3 |
) |
(49 |
) |
– |
(49) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive loss for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(46 |
) |
(18 |
) |
(83 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(150 |
) |
– |
(150) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss for the year |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(46 |
) |
(18 |
) |
(83 |
) |
(263 |
) |
(410 |
) |
– |
(410) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of treasury shares to employee share trusts |
– |
– |
(14 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Release of own shares by employee share trusts |
– |
– |
18 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(18 |
) |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based cost, net of $3m reclassification to cash-settled awards |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
27 |
27 |
– |
27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax related to share schemes |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) |
– |
(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
5 |
– |
– |
(5 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2020 |
156 |
10 |
(1 |
) |
(2,875 |
) |
11 |
(24 |
) |
298 |
568 |
(1,857 |
) |
8 |
(1,849) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
154 |
IHG |
|
|
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
155 |
For the year ended 31 December 2022 |
Note |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) for the year |
376 |
265 |
(260) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments reconciling profit/(loss) for the year to cash flow from operations |
25 |
585 |
583 |
568 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from operations |
961 |
848 |
308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest paid |
(126 |
) |
(134 |
) |
(132) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest received |
22 |
8 |
2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax paid |
8 |
(211 |
) |
(86 |
) |
(41) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash from operating activities |
646 |
636 |
137 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from investing activities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |
(54 |
) |
(17 |
) |
(26) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of intangible assets |
(45 |
) |
(35 |
) |
(50) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in associates |
(1 |
) |
– |
(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in other financial assets |
– |
(5 |
) |
(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred purchase consideration paid |
24 |
– |
(13 |
) |
– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalised interest paid |
7 |
– |
– |
(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease incentives received |
6 |
– |
– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions from associates and joint ventures |
– |
– |
5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposal of property, plant and equipment |
3 |
– |
– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposal of hotel assets, net of costs and cash disposed |
11 |
– |
44 |
1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repayments of other financial assets |
13 |
14 |
13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposal of equity securities |
– |
– |
4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash from investing activities |
(78 |
) |
(12 |
) |
(61) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from financing activities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares, including transaction costs |
28 |
(482 |
) |
– |
– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts |
(1 |
) |
– |
– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid to shareholders |
9 |
(233 |
) |
– |
– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issue of long-term bonds, including effect of currency swaps |
– |
– |
1,093 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Repayment)/issue of commercial paper |
22 |
– |
(828 |
) |
738 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repayment of long-term bonds |
22 |
(209 |
) |
– |
(290) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Principal element of lease payments |
22 |
(36 |
) |
(32 |
) |
(65) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Decrease in other borrowings |
– |
– |
(125) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from currency swaps |
– |
– |
3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash from financing activities |
(961 |
) |
(860 |
) |
1,354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net movement in cash and cash equivalents in the year |
(393 |
) |
(236 |
) |
1,430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year |
18 |
1,391 |
1,624 |
108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange rate effects |
(77 |
) |
3 |
86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year |
18 |
921 |
1,391 |
1,624 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Notes on pages 157 to 216 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. |
156 |
IHG |
Accounting policies |
IHG |
157 |
• |
Power over an investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee); |
• |
Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and |
• |
The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns. |
• |
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations of the Group’s subsidiaries with a functional currency other than US dollars are translated into US dollars at the relevant rates of exchange ruling on the last day of the period. The revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated into US dollars at average rates of exchange for each month of the reporting period. The Group treats specific intercompany loan balances, which are not intended to be repaid in the foreseeable future, as part of its net investment. The exchange differences arising on retranslation are taken to the currency translation reserve; and |
• |
Exchange differences arising from the translation of borrowings that are designated as a hedge against a net investment in a foreign operation are taken to the currency translation reserve. |
158 |
IHG |
Accounting policies |
IHG |
159 |
a) |
Arranging for the provision of future benefits to members who have earned points or free night certificates; |
b) |
Marketing services; and |
c) |
Providing the co-brand partner with the right to access the loyalty programme. |
160 |
IHG |
Accounting policies |
IHG |
161 |
• |
The ability and intention to complete the project; |
• |
That the completed software will generate probable future economic benefits; |
• |
The availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the project; and |
• |
The ability to measure the expenditure. |
• |
Buildings – over a maximum of 50 years; and |
• |
Fixtures, fittings and equipment – to 25 years. |
162 |
IHG |
• |
Short-term lease payments, payments for leases of low-value assets and variable lease payments that are not included in the measurement of the lease liabilities are presented within cash flows from operating activities; |
• |
Payments for the interest element of recognised lease liabilities are included in interest paid within cash flows from operating activities; |
• |
Payments for the principal element of recognised lease liabilities are presented within cash flows from financing activities; and |
• |
Lease incentives received are presented within cash flows from investing activities where they represent a reimbursement of initial fit-out costs. |
• |
Receipts from operating leases and investment properties are presented within cash flows from operating activities; and |
• |
Receipts from finance leases are presented within cash flows from investing activities. |
Accounting policies |
IHG |
163 |
164 |
IHG |
• |
Financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL; |
• |
Financial assets measured at FVOCI; and |
• |
Derivative financial instruments. |
Level 1: |
Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
Level 2: |
Other techniques for which all inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly. |
Level 3: |
Techniques which use inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data. |
Accounting policies |
IHG |
165 |
• |
strength of technical argument, impact of case law and clarity of legislation; |
• |
professional advice; |
• |
experience of interactions, and precedents set, with the particular taxing authority; and |
• |
agreements previously reached in other jurisdictions on comparable issues. |
166 |
IHG |
• |
Has a continuing managerial involvement to the degree associated with asset ownership; |
• |
Has transferred the significant risks and rewards associated with asset ownership; and |
• |
Can reliably measure and will actually receive the proceeds. |
• |
Cash flow hedge reserve: the effective portion of the cumulative net change in the fair value of hedging instruments used in cash flow hedges pending subsequent recognition in profit or loss; and |
• |
Cost of hedging reserve: the gain or loss which is excluded from the designated hedging instrument relating to the foreign currency basis spread of currency swaps. |
Accounting policies |
IHG |
167 |
• |
In the case of goodwill, the number of years of Base Case forecasts required to recover the carrying value. |
• |
The useful economic lives of assets and in the case of hotel assets (within property, plant and equipment, right-of-use |
• |
In the case of the InterContinental Boston, for which the lease expires in 2105, current estimates of fair value less costs of disposal could withstand a 1.75ppt increase in pre-tax discount rate and terminal capitalisation rate before the asset would be impaired. |
• |
The period of coverage of performance guarantees and owner loan guarantees. |
• |
In the case of the recoverability of the UK deferred tax asset, the impact of the potential downside risk on the Group’s forecasts. |
• |
IAS 37 – Onerous Contracts: Costs of Fulfilling a Contract; |
• |
IAS 16 – Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use; and |
• |
Other existing standards arising from the Annual Improvements to IFRS 2018-2020 cycle. |
• |
IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 – Disclosure of Accounting Policies; |
• |
IAS 8 – Definition of Accounting Estimates; and |
• |
IAS 12 – Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction. |
• |
IAS 1 – Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current; |
• |
IAS 1 – Non-current Liabilities with Covenants; and |
• |
IFRS 16 – Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback. |
Year ended 31 December 2022 |
$m |
|||||||
Revenue from fee business |
(15 |
) | ||||||
Insurance revenue |
15 |
|||||||
Total revenue |
– |
|||||||
Administrative expenses |
11 |
|||||||
Insurance expenses |
(11 |
) | ||||||
Operating profit |
– |
|||||||
31 December 2022 |
$m |
|||||||
Current liabilities |
||||||||
| Provisions |
9 |
|||||||
| Insurance liabilities |
(9 |
) | ||||||
Non-current liabilities |
||||||||
| Provisions |
23 |
|||||||
| Insurance liabilities |
(23 |
) | ||||||
Net assets |
– |
|||||||
168 |
IHG |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$1 equivalent |
Average |
Closing |
Average |
Closing |
Average |
Closing |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sterling |
£0.81 |
£0.83 |
£0.73 |
£0.74 |
£0.78 |
£0.73 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Euro |
€0.95 |
€0.94 |
€ 0.85 |
€ 0.88 |
€ 0.88 |
€ 0.81 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Americas |
1,005 |
774 |
512 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
552 |
303 |
221 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Greater China |
87 |
116 |
77 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Central |
199 |
197 |
182 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from reportable segments |
1,843 |
1,390 |
992 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund revenues |
1,217 |
928 |
765 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursement of costs |
832 |
589 |
637 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
3,892 |
2,907 |
2,394 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Americas |
761 |
559 |
296 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
152 |
5 |
(50 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Greater China |
23 |
58 |
35 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Central |
(108 |
) |
(88 |
) |
(62 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit from reportable segments |
828 |
534 |
219 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund |
(105 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(102 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating exceptional items (note 6) |
(95 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(270 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit/(loss) |
628 |
494 |
(153 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net financial expenses |
(96 |
) |
(139 |
) |
(140 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
8 |
6 |
13 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) before tax |
540 |
361 |
(280 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tax |
(164 |
) |
(96 |
) |
20 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) for the year |
376 |
265 |
(260 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
• |
In 2022, $6m relating to business insurance claims principally in the Americas region (see note 30) and $16m government support income relating to the EMEAA region. The net impact of government support income on operating profit from reportable segments is $6m after deducting additional variable rent of $10m which became payable as a direct result of the support received; |
• |
In 2021, $5m government support income relating to the EMEAA region; and |
• |
In 2020, $4m business interruption insurance proceeds and $4m favourable litigation settlement, both in the Americas region, and $3m gain on disposal of hotel assets in the EMEAA region. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
169 |
Year ended 31 December 2022 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation a |
23 |
13 |
4 |
28 |
68 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based payments cost |
8 |
4 |
2 |
14 |
28 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Share of profit of associates (excluding exceptional items) |
(1 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December 2021 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation a |
30 |
18 |
6 |
44 |
98 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based payments cost |
8 |
4 |
3 |
11 |
26 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses of associates |
7 |
1 |
– |
– |
8 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December 2020 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation a |
41 |
21 |
6 |
42 |
110 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based payments cost |
7 |
3 |
2 |
7 |
19 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses of associates and joint ventures |
14 |
– |
– |
– |
14 |
|||||||||||||||||||
a |
Includes $15m (2021: $20m, 2020: $29m) relating to cost of sales in owned, leased and managed lease hotels, and $53m (2021: $78m, 2020: $81m) relating to other assets. A further $86m (2021: $94m, 2020: $62m) was recorded within System Fund expenses. |
Year ended 31 December 2022 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditure per management reporting |
71 |
21 |
2 |
67 |
161 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Contract acquisition costs, net of repayments |
(47 |
) |
(16 |
) |
(1 |
) |
– |
(64 |
) | |||||||||||||||
Lease incentives received |
– |
– |
– |
6 |
6 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Timing differences and other adjustments |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
2 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||
Additions per the Group Financial Statements |
24 |
5 |
– |
75 |
104 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Comprising additions to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets |
– |
– |
– |
46 |
46 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
23 |
5 |
– |
29 |
57 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Investment in associates |
1 |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||
24 |
5 |
– |
75 |
104 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December 2021 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditure per management reporting |
35 |
25 |
1 |
39 |
100 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Contract acquisition costs, net of repayments |
(32 |
) |
(10 |
) |
(1 |
) |
– |
(43 |
) | |||||||||||||||
Timing differences and other adjustments |
3 |
(5 |
) |
– |
4 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||
Additions per the Group Financial Statements |
6 |
10 |
– |
43 |
59 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Comprising additions to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets |
1 |
– |
– |
32 |
33 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
1 |
5 |
– |
11 |
17 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Investment in associates |
4 |
– |
– |
– |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Other financial assets |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
5 |
|||||||||||||||||||
6 |
10 |
– |
43 |
59 |
||||||||||||||||||||
170 |
IHG |
Year ended 31 December |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
243 |
142 |
77 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
United States |
1,659 |
1,263 |
1,067 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Rest of World |
773 |
574 |
485 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
2,675 |
1,979 |
1,629 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund revenues (note 32) |
1,217 |
928 |
765 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
3,892 |
2,907 |
2,394 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
31 December |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
Non-current assets |
||||||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
102 |
64 |
||||||||||||||
United States |
1,308 |
1,346 |
||||||||||||||
Rest of World |
621 |
661 |
||||||||||||||
2,031 |
2,071 |
|||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December 2022 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Franchise and base management fees |
861 |
215 |
71 |
– |
1,147 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive management fees |
18 |
69 |
16 |
– |
103 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central revenue |
– |
– |
– |
199 |
199 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from fee business |
879 |
284 |
87 |
199 |
1,449 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels |
126 |
268 |
– |
– |
394 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1,005 |
552 |
87 |
199 |
1,843 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund revenues (note 32) |
1,217 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursement of costs |
832 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
3,892 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended 31 December 2021 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Franchise and base management fees |
683 |
120 |
91 |
– |
894 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive management fees |
8 |
29 |
25 |
– |
62 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central revenue |
– |
– |
– |
197 |
197 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from fee business |
691 |
149 |
116 |
197 |
1,153 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels |
83 |
154 |
– |
– |
237 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
774 |
303 |
116 |
197 |
1,390 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund revenues (note 32) |
928 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursement of costs |
589 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
2,907 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
171 |
Year ended 31 December 2020 |
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Group $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Franchise and base management fees |
452 |
93 |
61 |
– |
606 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive management fees |
5 |
14 |
16 |
– |
35 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central revenue |
– |
– |
– |
182 |
182 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from fee business |
457 |
107 |
77 |
182 |
823 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels |
55 |
114 |
– |
– |
169 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
512 |
221 |
77 |
182 |
992 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund revenues (note 32) |
765 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursement of costs |
637 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
2,394 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Trade receivables (note 17) |
493 |
399 |
||||||||||||||
Contract assets |
367 |
346 |
||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue |
(1,724 |
) |
(1,613 |
) | ||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
346 |
336 |
||||||||||||||
Additions |
70 |
45 |
||||||||||||||
Recognised as a deduction to revenue |
(32 |
) |
(35 |
) | ||||||||||||
Impairment charges (note 6) |
(5 |
) |
– |
|||||||||||||
Impairment reversals (note 6) |
3 |
– |
||||||||||||||
Repayments |
(3 |
) |
(1 |
) | ||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(12 |
) |
1 |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December |
367 |
346 |
||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
Current |
31 |
30 |
||||||||||||||
Non-current |
336 |
316 |
||||||||||||||
367 |
346 |
|||||||||||||||
172 |
IHG |
Loyalty programme $m |
Other co-brand fees $m |
Application & re-licensing fees $m |
Other $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
1,245 |
55 |
166 |
103 |
1,569 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in deferred revenue |
384 |
– |
19 |
45 |
448 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognised as revenue |
(337 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(22 |
) |
(35 |
) |
(405 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
1,292 |
44 |
163 |
114 |
1,613 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in deferred revenue |
532 |
– |
27 |
44 |
603 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognised as revenue |
(413 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(23 |
) |
(44 |
) |
(491 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
1,411 |
33 |
167 |
113 |
1,724 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current |
584 |
11 |
23 |
63 |
681 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-current |
827 |
22 |
144 |
50 |
1,043 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1,411 |
33 |
167 |
113 |
1,724 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current |
535 |
11 |
21 |
50 |
617 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-current |
757 |
33 |
142 |
64 |
996 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1,292 |
44 |
163 |
114 |
1,613 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loyalty and co-brand $m |
Other $m |
Total $m |
Loyalty and co-brand $m |
Other $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than one year |
595 |
86 |
681 |
546 |
71 |
617 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Between one and two years |
339 |
46 |
385 |
406 |
45 |
451 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Between two and three years |
199 |
32 |
231 |
155 |
33 |
188 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Between three and four years |
114 |
27 |
141 |
98 |
25 |
123 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Between four and five years |
70 |
22 |
92 |
53 |
22 |
75 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More than five years |
127 |
67 |
194 |
78 |
81 |
159 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1,444 |
280 |
1,724 |
1,336 |
277 |
1,613 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
77 |
75 |
||||||||||||||
Costs incurred |
13 |
11 |
||||||||||||||
Charged to income statement |
(8 |
) |
(9 |
) | ||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(2 |
) |
– |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December |
80 |
77 |
||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
Current |
5 |
5 |
||||||||||||||
Non-current |
75 |
72 |
||||||||||||||
80 |
77 |
|||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
173 |
Staff costs |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Wages and salaries |
1,604 |
1,315 |
1,233 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Social security costs |
117 |
86 |
86 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pension and other post-retirement benefits: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit plans (note 26) |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Defined contribution plans |
53 |
41 |
36 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
1,776 |
1,444 |
1,358 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs borne by IHG a |
646 |
569 |
500 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Costs borne by the System Fund b |
341 |
304 |
242 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Costs reimbursed |
789 |
571 |
616 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
1,776 |
1,444 |
1,358 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
In 2022, includes $1m classified as exceptional relating to the costs of ceasing operations in Russia. In 2020, included $27m classified as exceptional relating to reorganisation programmes. |
b |
In 2020, included $20m relating to the 2020 corporate reorganisation programme. |
Monthly average number of employees, including part-time employees |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Employees whose costs are borne by IHG: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Americas |
1,556 |
1,481 |
1,931 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
3,711 |
2,808 |
4,088 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Greater China |
336 |
299 |
314 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Central |
1,444 |
1,425 |
1,813 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
7,047 |
6,013 |
8,146 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Employees whose costs are borne by the System Fund |
5,655 |
4,508 |
4,686 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Employees whose costs are reimbursed |
13,178 |
11,807 |
15,980 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
25,880 |
22,328 |
28,812 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Base salaries, fees, annual performance payments and benefits |
7.9 |
8.4 |
4.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
More detailed information on the remuneration including pensions, share awards and shareholdings for each Director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 127 and 134. In addition, amounts received or receivable under long-term incentive schemes are shown on page 127. | |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Audit of the Financial Statements |
6 |
4 |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Audit of subsidiaries |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Other assurance services |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
9 |
8 |
8 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Under SEC regulations analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Audit |
8 |
7 |
7 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Other audit-related |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
9 |
8 |
8 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
174 |
IHG |
Note |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derecognition of right-of-use |
(a)(k) |
– |
– |
22 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on lease termination |
(b) |
– |
– |
30 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for onerous contractual expenditure |
(k) |
– |
– |
(10 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reorganisation costs |
(c)(k) |
– |
– |
(8 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
34 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Administrative expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of ceasing operations in Russia |
(d) |
(12 |
) |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial litigation and disputes |
(e) |
(28 |
) |
(25 |
) |
(5 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reorganisation costs |
(c) |
– |
– |
(19 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Integration costs |
(f) |
– |
– |
(6 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(40 |
) |
(25 |
) |
(30 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses of associate |
(g) |
(60 |
) |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss on financial assets |
(h) |
– |
– |
(48 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other net impairment reversals/(charges): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management agreements – charge |
12 |
– |
– |
(48 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– reversal |
12 |
12 |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment – charge |
13, (k) |
(10 |
) |
– |
(90 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– reversal |
(k) |
3 |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Right-of-use |
13 |
(2 |
) |
– |
(16 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– reversal |
14 |
2 |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Associates – charge |
15 |
– |
(4 |
) |
(19 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– reversal |
15 |
2 |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract assets – charge |
(i) |
(5 |
) |
– |
(53 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– reversal |
(i) |
3 |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 |
(4 |
) |
(226 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating exceptional items |
(95 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(270 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial expenses |
(j) |
– |
– |
(14 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
(k) |
– |
– |
21 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional items before tax |
(95 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(263 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax on exceptional items |
(l) |
26 |
3 |
52 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional tax |
(m) |
– |
26 |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax |
26 |
29 |
52 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating exceptional items analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Americas |
(46 |
) |
(22 |
) |
(118 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
(49 |
) |
(7 |
) |
(128 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater China |
– |
– |
(5 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central |
– |
– |
(19 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(95 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(270 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
The above items are defined by management as exceptional as further described on page 161. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
175 |
176 |
IHG |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derecognition of right-of-use |
– |
– |
18 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for onerous contractual expenditure |
– |
– |
(10 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reorganisation costs |
– |
– |
(4 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
– |
– |
4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Other net impairment reversals/(charges): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
3 |
– |
(50 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
3 |
– |
(50 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating exceptional items |
3 |
– |
(46 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
– |
– |
21 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional items before tax |
3 |
– |
(25 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
• |
The right-of-use re-estimation of the ‘in-substance fixed’ rent payable under the leases, resulting in a gain of $18m; from 2020 the leases were considered to be fully variable. |
• |
A $10m provision was recognised to the extent the costs of contractual expenditure committed under the hotel leases exceeded the future economic benefits expected to be received under the leases. |
• |
A total cost of $4m to restructure hotel operations in response to the impact of Covid-19 on hotel occupancy and revenues. |
• |
Impairment of property, plant and equipment (see note 13). |
• |
A fair value gain on contingent purchase consideration (see note 24). |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current tax $m |
Deferred tax $m |
Current tax $m |
Deferred tax $m |
Current tax $m |
Deferred tax $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derecognition of right-of-use |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(4 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for onerous contractual expenditure |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reorganisation costs |
– |
– |
– |
– |
3 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of ceasing operations in Russia |
3 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial litigation and disputes |
8 |
(2 |
) |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Integration costs |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses of associate |
15 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss on financial assets |
– |
– |
– |
– |
4 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other net impairment reversals/(charges) |
1 |
(5 |
) |
– |
1 |
6 |
37 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial expenses |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(4 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments in respect of prior years a |
6 |
– |
(2 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 |
(7 |
) |
(2 |
) |
5 |
14 |
38 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total current and deferred tax |
26 |
3 |
52 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
In 2022, relates to the release of tax contingencies no longer needed; one of these was as a result of the closure of a tax audit of the 2014 US federal income tax return. In 2021, the tax charge related to the same audit. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
177 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial income |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial income on deposits and money market funds |
17 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income on loans and other assets |
5 |
6 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
22 |
8 |
4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense on external borrowings |
92 |
109 |
102 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense on lease liabilities |
29 |
29 |
37 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalised interest |
– |
– |
(1 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unwind of discount on deferred purchase consideration |
– |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains |
(10 |
) |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
Other charges |
7 |
8 |
5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
118 |
147 |
144 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial expenses before exceptional items |
118 |
147 |
130 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional financial expenses (note 6) |
– |
– |
14 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
118 |
147 |
144 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Net interest payable as calculated for bank covenants can be found on page 201. |
178 |
IHG |
United Kingdom |
Other jurisdictions |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current tax |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current period |
6 |
1 |
– |
177 |
138 |
43 |
183 |
139 |
43 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit of tax reliefs on which no deferred tax previously recognised |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
– |
– |
(2 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments in respect of prior periods |
(2 |
) |
– |
(2 |
) |
(5 |
) |
4 |
(5 |
) |
(7 |
) |
4 |
(7 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 |
1 |
(2 |
) |
172 |
142 |
36 |
176 |
143 |
34 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Origination and reversal of temporary differences |
(1 |
) |
(7 |
) |
(12 |
) |
(6 |
) |
(14 |
) |
(23 |
) |
(7 |
) |
(21 |
) |
(35 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in tax rates and tax laws |
– |
(25 |
) |
(7 |
) |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
– |
(25 |
) |
(8 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to estimated recoverable deferred tax assets a |
(2 |
) |
2 |
(14 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
2 |
(14 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reduction in deferred tax expense by previously unrecognised tax assets |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
– |
– |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments in respect of prior periods |
2 |
1 |
(1 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(4 |
) |
5 |
(3 |
) |
(3 |
) |
4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(34 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(18 |
) |
(20 |
) |
(12 |
) |
(47 |
) |
(54 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax charge/(credit) for the year |
3 |
(28 |
) |
(36 |
) |
161 |
124 |
16 |
164 |
96 |
(20 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Analysed as tax relating to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit before exceptional items and foreign exchange gains b |
11 |
(2 |
) |
(24 |
) |
183 |
127 |
56 |
194 |
125 |
32 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (note 7) |
– |
– |
– |
(4 |
) |
– |
– |
(4 |
) |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional items: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax on exceptional items (note 6) |
(8 |
) |
– |
(12 |
) |
(18 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(40 |
) |
(26 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(52 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional tax (note 6) |
– |
(26 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(26 |
) |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 |
(28 |
) |
(36 |
) |
161 |
124 |
16 |
164 |
96 |
(20 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Represents a reassessment of the recovery of deferred taxes in line with the Group’s profit forecasts. |
b |
‘Other jurisdictions’ includes $151m (2021: $115m, 2020: $41m) in respect of US taxes. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
179 |
Total |
Before exceptional items, foreign exchange gains and System Fund |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 % |
2021 % |
2020 % |
2022 % |
2021 % |
2020 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax at UK rate |
19.0 |
19.0 |
19.0 |
19.0 |
19.0 |
19.0 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax credits |
(0.1 |
) |
(0.1 |
) |
0.5 |
(0.1 |
) |
(0.1 |
) |
(1.7 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund a |
3.1 |
0.4 |
(6.6 |
) |
(0.4 |
) |
(0.1 |
) |
(1.1 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (note 7) |
(0.9 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other permanent differences b |
0.5 |
1.4 |
(4.2 |
) |
0.4 |
1.2 |
12.1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-recoverable foreign taxes |
3.5 |
3.5 |
(5.1 |
) |
2.5 |
3.1 |
16.9 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net effect of different rates of tax c |
6.3 |
6.8 |
(4.5 |
) |
5.6 |
6.9 |
18.9 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of changes in UK tax rates and laws d |
– |
(7.0 |
) |
2.4 |
– |
– |
(7.9 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of changes in other tax rates and laws |
0.1 |
– |
0.5 |
– |
– |
(1.7 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reduction in current tax expense by previously unrecognised deferred tax assets |
– |
(0.1 |
) |
0.7 |
– |
(0.1 |
) |
(2.4 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Items on which deferred tax arose but where no deferred tax is recognised e |
1.2 |
2.0 |
(1.9 |
) |
0.4 |
1.3 |
5.1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of adjustments to estimated recoverable deferred tax assets f |
(0.4 |
) |
0.5 |
5.1 |
(0.3 |
) |
0.4 |
(16.9 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reduction in deferred tax expense by previously unrecognised deferred tax assets |
– |
– |
0.3 |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to tax charge in respect of prior periods |
(1.9 |
) |
0.2 |
0.9 |
(0.5 |
) |
(0.4 |
) |
(2.7 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30.4 |
26.6 |
7.1 |
26.6 |
31.2 |
37.6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
The System Fund is, in general, not subject to taxation. |
b |
Before exceptional items, foreign exchange gains and System Fund includes (0.8) percentage points (2021: (0.6) percentage points, 2020: (1.2) percentage points) in respect of the US Foreign-derived intangible income regime. |
c |
Before exceptional items, foreign exchange gains and System Fund includes 5.5 percentage points (2021: 6.7 percentage points, 2020: 18.9 percentage points) driven by the relatively high blended US rate, which includes US Federal and State taxes as well as Base Erosion and Anti-Avoidance Tax (‘BEAT’). In 2020, the lower profitability resulted in a large impact of BEAT, and the trading results in the year led to a higher proportion of the Group’s profit being taxed in the US. |
d |
In 2021, the UK Government enacted an increase to the UK rate of Corporation Tax from 19% to 25%. In 2020, the UK Government reversed a previously enacted drop to the UK rate of Corporation Tax. |
e |
Predominantly in respect of losses arising in the year. |
f |
In 2020, the Group simplified its Group structure which led to an increase to existing deferred tax assets within the UK. |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit before tax $m |
Tax $m |
Rate % |
Profit before tax $m |
Tax $m |
Rate % |
(Loss)/ profit before tax $m |
Tax $m |
Rate % |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group income statement |
540 |
164 |
30.4 |
361 |
96 |
26.6 |
(280 |
) |
(20 |
) |
7.1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjust for: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptional items (note 6) |
95 |
26 |
29 |
29 |
263 |
52 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (note 7) |
(10 |
) |
4 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund |
105 |
– |
11 |
– |
102 |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
730 |
194 |
26.6 |
401 |
125 |
31.2 |
85 |
32 |
37.6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
Information concerning Non-GAAP measures can be found in the Strategic Report. |
180 |
IHG |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
China a |
10 |
3 |
6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
UK |
3 |
(2 |
) |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||
USA b |
165 |
68 |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Other jurisdictions |
11 |
1 |
20 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
189 |
70 |
28 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxes withheld at source |
22 |
16 |
13 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Tax paid per cash flow |
211 |
86 |
41 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Tax payments are typically based upon the previous year’s profits. |
b |
Includes refunds in respect of earlier periods of $nil (2021: $15m, 2020: $24m). |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Current tax charge in the Group income statement |
176 |
143 |
34 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Current tax (credit)/charge in the Group statement of comprehensive income |
(2 |
) |
– |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total current tax charge |
174 |
143 |
35 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Movements to tax contingencies a |
10 |
(4 |
) |
8 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Timing differences of cash tax paid and foreign exchange differences b |
27 |
(53 |
) |
(2 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax paid per cash flow |
211 |
86 |
41 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Tax contingency movements are included within the current tax charge but do not impact cash tax paid in the year. Settlements of tax contingencies are included within cash tax paid in the year but not recorded in the current year tax charge. |
b |
2021 included $20m of refunds in respect of earlier years, $12m of other receivables which have been allocated to payments that otherwise would have been due and $28m of payments due in 2022. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
181 |
Property, plant, equipment and software $m |
Application fees $m |
Deferred gains on loan notes $m |
a |
Associates $m |
Losses $m |
b |
Employee benefits $m |
Deferred compensation $m |
Expected credit losses on trade receivables $m |
Intangible assets excluding software |
c |
Other short-term temporary differences $m |
c,d |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
(95 |
) |
42 |
(34 |
) |
(57 |
) |
61 |
34 |
42 |
22 |
(4 |
) |
7 |
18 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group income statement |
15 |
(2 |
) |
– |
2 |
21 |
4 |
6 |
(1 |
) |
(12 |
) |
14 |
47 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group statement of comprehensive income |
– |
– |
– |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(15 |
) |
(11 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group statement of changes in equity |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(1 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
(1 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
– |
3 |
(2 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
(81 |
) |
40 |
(34 |
) |
(55 |
) |
84 |
39 |
48 |
20 |
(16 |
) |
9 |
54 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group income statement |
32 |
1 |
– |
(4 |
) |
5 |
1 |
4 |
(5 |
) |
(21 |
) |
(1 |
) |
12 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group statement of comprehensive income |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
(6 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
8 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group statement of changes in equity |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(4 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(9 |
) |
(3 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(3 |
) |
– |
(20 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
(53 |
) |
41 |
(34 |
) |
(59 |
) |
79 |
32 |
52 |
14 |
(40 |
) |
16 |
48 |
a |
Expected to become due in 2025. |
b |
Wholly in respect of revenue losses. |
c |
The above table has been re-presented in order that no balances exceeding $20m are contained within ‘Other short-term temporary differences’. |
d |
Primarily in respect of contract costs, right-of-use |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Deferred tax assets |
126 |
147 |
||||||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
(78 |
) |
(93 |
) | ||||||||||||
48 |
54 |
|||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
109 |
127 |
||||||||||||||
United States |
(73 |
) |
(87 |
) | ||||||||||||
Other |
12 |
14 |
||||||||||||||
48 |
54 |
|||||||||||||||
182 |
IHG |
Gross |
Unrecognised deferred tax |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue losses |
430 |
458 |
78 |
87 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital losses |
549 |
551 |
138 |
138 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
979 |
1,009 |
216 |
225 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax credits |
25 |
10 |
25 |
10 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other a |
31 |
16 |
8 |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1,035 |
1,035 |
249 |
238 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Primarily relates to costs incurred for which tax relief has not been obtained. |
Gross |
Unrecognised deferred tax |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expiry date |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
– |
10 |
– |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2023 |
1 |
2 |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2024 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2025 a |
9 |
100 |
1 |
25 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2026 |
18 |
13 |
4 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2027 |
3 |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2028 |
– |
6 |
– |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2029 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After 2029 |
18 |
2 |
16 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Following a change in law, $91m of losses will no longer expire, but they continue to remain unrecognised as the Group does not anticipate being able to offset them against future profits. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
183 |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paid during the year |
cents per share |
$m |
cents per share |
$m |
cents per share |
$m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Final (declared for previous year) |
85.9 |
154 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interim |
43.9 |
79 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
129.8 |
233 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic earnings/(loss) per ordinary share |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) available for equity holders ($m) |
375 |
266 |
(260 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) |
181 |
183 |
182 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Basic earnings/(loss) per ordinary share (cents) |
207.2 |
145.4 |
(142.9 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) available for equity holders ($m) |
375 |
266 |
(260 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) |
182 |
184 |
182 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share (cents) |
206.0 |
144.6 |
(142.9) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
2022 millions |
2021 millions |
2020 millions |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue |
187 |
187 |
187 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of treasury shares |
(6 |
) |
(4 |
) |
(5 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares |
181 |
183 |
182 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Dilutive potential ordinary shares |
1 |
1 |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares |
182 |
184 |
182 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
184 |
IHG |
Goodwill $m |
Brands $m |
Software $m |
Management agreements $m |
Other intangibles $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
537 |
439 |
886 |
122 |
25 |
2,009 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Additions |
– |
– |
32 |
– |
1 |
33 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposals |
– |
– |
(40 |
) |
– |
– |
(40 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(5 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(5 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
532 |
439 |
878 |
122 |
26 |
1,997 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Additions |
– |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
46 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully amortised assets written off |
– |
– |
(94 |
) |
– |
– |
(94 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Disposals |
(8 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
(8 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(11 |
) |
– |
(5 |
) |
– |
– |
(16 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
513 |
439 |
825 |
122 |
26 |
1,925 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortisation and impairment |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
(191 |
) |
– |
(402 |
) |
(112 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(716 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Provided |
– |
– |
(30 |
) |
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) |
(32 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
System Fund expense |
– |
– |
(82 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(83 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Disposals |
– |
– |
28 |
– |
– |
28 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
(191 |
) |
– |
(485 |
) |
(113 |
) |
(13 |
) |
(802 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Provided |
– |
– |
(20 |
) |
– |
(3 |
) |
(23 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
System Fund expense |
– |
– |
(78 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(79 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
Impairment reversal |
– |
– |
– |
12 |
– |
12 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully amortised assets written off |
– |
– |
94 |
– |
– |
94 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposals |
8 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
8 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
5 |
– |
3 |
– |
1 |
9 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
(178 |
) |
– |
(486 |
) |
(101 |
) |
(16 |
) |
(781 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Net book value |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
335 |
439 |
339 |
21 |
10 |
1,144 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
341 |
439 |
393 |
9 |
13 |
1,195 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
346 |
439 |
484 |
10 |
14 |
1,293 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
At |
At |
At |
Analysed as: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 January 2021 $m |
Exchange adjustments $m |
31 December 2021 $m |
Exchange adjustments $m |
31 December 2022 $m |
Goodwill $m |
Brands $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Americas (group of CGUs) |
421 |
(2 |
) |
419 |
– |
419 |
132 |
287 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EMEAA (group of CGUs) |
339 |
(2 |
) |
337 |
(6 |
) |
331 |
195 |
136 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater China |
25 |
(1 |
) |
24 |
– |
24 |
8 |
16 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
785 |
(5 |
) |
780 |
(6 |
) |
774 |
335 |
439 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
185 |
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminal growth rate % |
Pre-tax discount rate % |
Terminal growth rate % |
Pre-tax discount rate % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Americas |
1.9 |
13.7 |
2.0 |
10.2 |
||||||||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
2.5 |
16.2 |
2.2 |
12.8 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Greater China |
2.5 |
13.8 |
2.5 |
12.6 |
||||||||||||||||||||
186 |
IHG |
Land and buildings $m |
Fixtures, fittings and equipment $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||
Cost |
||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
208 |
322 |
530 |
|||||||||||||
Additions |
– |
17 |
17 |
|||||||||||||
Fully depreciated assets written off |
– |
(7 |
) |
(7 |
) | |||||||||||
Disposals |
(103 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(132 |
) | ||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
– |
(4 |
) |
(4 |
) | |||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
105 |
299 |
404 |
|||||||||||||
Additions |
15 |
42 |
57 |
|||||||||||||
Fully depreciated assets written off |
– |
(30 |
) |
(30 |
) | |||||||||||
Disposals |
(7 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(12 |
) | ||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(1 |
) |
(14 |
) |
(15 |
) | ||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
112 |
292 |
404 |
|||||||||||||
Depreciation and impairment |
||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
(115 |
) |
(214 |
) |
(329 |
) | ||||||||||
Provided |
(4 |
) |
(27 |
) |
(31 |
) | ||||||||||
System Fund expense |
– |
(4 |
) |
(4 |
) | |||||||||||
Fully depreciated assets written off |
– |
7 |
7 |
|||||||||||||
Disposals |
66 |
21 |
87 |
|||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
– |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
(53 |
) |
(214 |
) |
(267 |
) | ||||||||||
Provided |
(3 |
) |
(17 |
) |
(20 |
) | ||||||||||
System Fund expense |
– |
(4 |
) |
(4 |
) | |||||||||||
Impairment charge |
– |
(10 |
) |
(10 |
) | |||||||||||
Impairment reversal |
– |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||||||
Fully depreciated assets written off |
– |
30 |
30 |
|||||||||||||
Disposals |
4 |
5 |
9 |
|||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
1 |
11 |
12 |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
(51 |
) |
(196 |
) |
(247 |
) | ||||||||||
Net book value |
||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
61 |
96 |
157 |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
52 |
85 |
137 |
|||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
93 |
108 |
201 |
|||||||||||||
Americas $m |
EMEAA $m |
Greater China $m |
Central $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Land and buildings |
53 |
1 |
– |
7 |
61 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixtures, fittings and equipment |
33 |
5 |
– |
58 |
96 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 |
6 |
– |
65 |
157 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
187 |
• |
$50m related to the UK portfolio. The recoverable amount was measured at value in use, using a discounted cash flow approach. The key assumptions were 2021 revenues and profits, and that the landlord would exercise a termination right such that the current leases would end in 2022. |
• |
$35m related to three premium-branded hotels in North America which were sold in 2021 (see note 11). |
• |
$3m related to three land sites held by the Group in the US which were measured at fair value. The sites were appraised by a professional external valuer using comparable sales data. Within the fair value hierarchy, this was categorised as a Level 3 measurement. |
• |
$7m related to the US corporate headquarters. $5m of this impairment charge was borne by the System Fund. |
Land and buildings $m |
Investment property $m |
Other $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||
Cost |
||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
617 |
– |
4 |
621 |
||||||||||||||||
Additions and other re-measurements |
4 |
– |
– |
4 |
||||||||||||||||
Terminations and disposals |
(9 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(10 |
) | |||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(5 |
) |
– |
– |
(5 |
) | ||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
607 |
– |
3 |
610 |
||||||||||||||||
Additions and other re-measurements |
40 |
– |
– |
40 |
||||||||||||||||
Transfers to investment property |
(50 |
) |
50 |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||
Transfers to finance lease receivable |
(5 |
) |
– |
– |
(5 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Terminations |
(9 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(10 |
) | |||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(12 |
) |
– |
– |
(12 |
) | ||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
571 |
50 |
2 |
623 |
||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and impairment |
||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
(316 |
) |
– |
(2 |
) |
(318 |
) | |||||||||||||
Provided |
(26 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(27 |
) | |||||||||||||
System Fund expense |
(3 |
) |
– |
– |
(3 |
) | ||||||||||||||
System Fund impairment reversal |
3 |
– |
– |
3 |
||||||||||||||||
Terminations and disposals |
5 |
– |
1 |
6 |
||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
3 |
– |
– |
3 |
||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
(334 |
) |
– |
(2 |
) |
(336 |
) | |||||||||||||
Provided |
(24 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) |
(25 |
) | |||||||||||||
System Fund expense |
(3 |
) |
– |
– |
(3 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Impairment charge |
(2 |
) |
– |
– |
(2 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Impairment reversal |
2 |
– |
– |
2 |
||||||||||||||||
Transfers to investment property |
47 |
(47 |
) |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||
Transfers to finance lease receivable |
3 |
– |
– |
3 |
||||||||||||||||
Terminations |
9 |
– |
1 |
10 |
||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
8 |
– |
– |
8 |
||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
(294 |
) |
(47 |
) |
(2 |
) |
(343 |
) | ||||||||||||
Net book value |
||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
277 |
3 |
– |
280 |
||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
273 |
– |
1 |
274 |
||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
301 |
– |
2 |
303 |
||||||||||||||||
188 |
IHG |
• |
$5m related to one hotel in the EMEAA region, based on value in use calculations. Trading projections reflected a five-year RevPAR recovery period to 2019 levels. |
• |
$43m related to the US corporate headquarters. Future sublease rentals were expected to be lower than the head lease rentals which, together with the impact of the expected time taken and costs incurred to sublet the space, resulted in an impairment. Of the $43m, $32m was borne by the System Fund in line with the principles for cost allocation relating to this facility with the remaining $11m recognised in the Americas region ($5m) and Central ($6m). An additional $7m was recorded in property, plant and equipment. The recoverable amount was measured at fair value less costs of disposal. This was equivalent to value in use given subletting the floors was considered to represent the highest and best use of the asset and so the cash flows were the same in both scenarios. |
Currency |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
US dollars |
363 |
374 |
||||||||||||||
Sterling |
31 |
6 |
||||||||||||||
Euros |
5 |
5 |
||||||||||||||
Other |
28 |
34 |
||||||||||||||
427 |
419 |
|||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
Current |
26 |
35 |
||||||||||||||
Non-current |
401 |
384 |
||||||||||||||
427 |
419 |
|||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
189 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation of right-of-use |
25 |
27 |
35 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund depreciation of right-of-use |
3 |
3 |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net impairment (reversal)/charge |
– |
– |
16 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund impairment (reversal)/charge |
– |
(3 |
) |
32 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Derecognition of right-of-use |
– |
– |
(22 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on lease termination |
– |
– |
(30 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expense relating to variable lease payments |
47 |
31 |
7 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Expense relating to short-term leases and low-value assets |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Income from operating subleases of right-of-use |
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Recognised in operating profit/(loss) |
75 |
58 |
43 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest on lease liabilities |
29 |
29 |
37 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total recognised in the Group income statement |
104 |
87 |
80 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Operating sublease payments receivable |
Less than 1 year $m |
Between 1 and 2 years $m |
Between 2 and 5 years $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance lease payments receivable |
More than 5 years $m |
Total undiscounted lease receivable $m |
Unearned finance income $m |
Finance lease receivable $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
2 |
2 |
– |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
72 |
55 |
39 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(6 |
) |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
Financing activities |
36 |
32 |
65 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash paid |
102 |
87 |
104 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
190 |
IHG |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Cost |
||||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
132 |
136 |
||||||||||||||
Additions |
1 |
4 |
||||||||||||||
Share of profits/(losses) a |
(41 |
) |
(8 |
) | ||||||||||||
System Fund share of losses |
(1 |
) |
(2 |
) | ||||||||||||
Dividends and distributions |
(1 |
) |
– |
|||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
(1 |
) |
2 |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December |
89 |
132 |
||||||||||||||
Impairment |
||||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
(55 |
) |
(55 |
) | ||||||||||||
Impairment reversal |
2 |
– |
||||||||||||||
At 31 December |
(53 |
) |
(55 |
) | ||||||||||||
Net book value |
36 |
77 |
||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
| Material associates |
– |
42 |
||||||||||||||
| Other associates |
36 |
35 |
||||||||||||||
36 |
77 |
|||||||||||||||
a |
In 2022, comprises $42m losses presented as exceptional (note 6) and $1m share of profits from other associates. The total share of losses in the Group income statement includes a further $18m recognised as a liability within other payables (note 19). |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
191 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Non-current assets |
472 |
485 |
||||||||||||||
Current assets |
64 |
38 |
||||||||||||||
Current liabilities |
(33 |
) |
(32 |
) | ||||||||||||
Non-current liabilities |
(250 |
) |
(246 |
) | ||||||||||||
Net assets |
253 |
245 |
||||||||||||||
Group share of reported net assets at 19.9% |
50 |
49 |
||||||||||||||
Adjustments to reflect impairment, capitalised costs, and additional rights and obligations under the shareholder agreement |
(8 |
) |
(7 |
) | ||||||||||||
Effect of specially allocated expenses (note 6) |
(42 |
) |
– |
|||||||||||||
Carrying amount |
– |
42 |
||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Revenue |
106 |
42 |
||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) from continuing operations and total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year |
8 |
(24 |
) | |||||||||||||
Group’s share of profit/(loss) for the year a |
(42 |
) |
(5 |
) | ||||||||||||
a |
Includes specially allocated expenses and the cost of funding owner returns. |
| Associates |
Joint ventures |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profits/(losses) from continuing operations and total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year |
1 |
(3 |
) |
(3 |
) |
– |
– |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Equity securities |
103 |
106 |
||||||||||||||
Restricted funds: |
||||||||||||||||
| Shortfall reserve deposit a |
– |
6 |
||||||||||||||
| Ring-fenced amounts to satisfy insurance claims: |
||||||||||||||||
| Cash a |
2 |
4 |
||||||||||||||
| Money market funds |
3 |
8 |
||||||||||||||
| Bank accounts pledged as security |
39 |
42 |
||||||||||||||
| Other |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||||
45 |
61 |
|||||||||||||||
Trade deposits and loans |
8 |
8 |
||||||||||||||
156 |
175 |
|||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
| Current |
– |
2 |
||||||||||||||
| Non-current |
156 |
173 |
||||||||||||||
156 |
175 |
|||||||||||||||
a |
As described on page 168, amounts within these lines have been re-presented as cash and cash equivalents. |
192 |
IHG |
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value $m |
Dividend income $m |
Fair value $m |
Dividend income $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in entity which owns: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
InterContinental The Willard Washington DC |
27 |
– |
25 |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
InterContinental San Francisco |
16 |
– |
17 |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
InterContinental Grand Stanford Hong Kong |
35 |
– |
35 |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade deposits and loans |
Gross $m |
Credit loss allowance $m |
Net $m |
Gross $m |
Credit loss allowance $m |
Net $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts due with no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition |
8 |
– |
8 |
6 |
– |
6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts due with significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not past due |
1 |
(1 |
) |
– |
7 |
(5 |
) |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past due |
11 |
(11 |
) |
– |
10 |
(10 |
) |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 |
(12 |
) |
8 |
23 |
(15 |
) |
8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Movement in the allowance for expected credit losses |
2022 $m |
2021 a $m |
||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
(15 |
) |
(15 |
) | ||||||||||||
Amounts written off |
2 |
– |
||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
1 |
– |
||||||||||||||
At 31 December |
(12 |
) |
(15 |
) |
a |
In 2021, $4m was collected in respect of an asset which was measured at $nil at initial recognition as part of a business acquisition. This did not impact the allowance for expected credit losses. |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Americas |
54 |
66 |
||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
62 |
67 |
||||||||||||||
Greater China |
40 |
42 |
||||||||||||||
156 |
175 |
|||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
193 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Trade receivables |
493 |
399 |
||||||||||||||
Other receivables |
49 |
102 |
||||||||||||||
Prepayments |
104 |
73 |
||||||||||||||
646 |
574 |
|||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross $m |
Credit loss allowance $m |
Net $m |
Gross $m |
Credit loss allowance $m |
Net $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not past due |
307 |
(1 |
) |
306 |
249 |
(2 |
) |
247 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past due 1 to 30 days |
76 |
(7 |
) |
69 |
66 |
(5 |
) |
61 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past due 31 to 90 days |
57 |
(6 |
) |
51 |
52 |
(7 |
) |
45 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past due 91 to 180 days |
46 |
(9 |
) |
37 |
36 |
(9 |
) |
27 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past due 181 to 360 days |
34 |
(11 |
) |
23 |
38 |
(21 |
) |
17 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past due more than 361 days |
90 |
(83 |
) |
7 |
91 |
(89 |
) |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
610 |
(117 |
) |
493 |
532 |
(133 |
) |
399 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Movement in the allowance for expected lifetime credit losses |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
(133 |
) |
(78 |
) | ||||||||||||
Fully provided receivables reinstated a |
– |
(60 |
) | |||||||||||||
Reclassification to other receivables b |
9 |
– |
||||||||||||||
Impairment loss c |
(5 |
) |
(4 |
) | ||||||||||||
System Fund impairment (loss)/reversal |
(7 |
) |
6 |
|||||||||||||
Amounts written off |
17 |
8 |
||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
2 |
(5 |
) | |||||||||||||
At 31 December |
(117 |
) |
(133 |
) | ||||||||||||
a |
In 2021, fully provided receivables were reinstated reflecting the Group’s increased focus on older receivables. There was no impact to total amounts receivable, total credit loss provisions or the impairment loss recorded in the Group income statement. |
b |
In 2022, net receivables of $1m relating to finance charges on overdue receivables have been reclassified to other receivables. Provisions of $9m, which includes expected credit losses at initial recognition, associated with these receivables have been removed from the reconciliation. Expected credit losses following initial recognition are immaterial. |
c |
In 2021, the impairment loss on financial assets disclosed on the face of the Group income statement also included a gain of $4m related to trade deposits and loans. |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Americas |
318 |
275 |
||||||||||||||
EMEAA |
152 |
172 |
||||||||||||||
Greater China |
72 |
54 |
||||||||||||||
542 |
501 |
|||||||||||||||
194 |
IHG |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Cash at bank and in hand |
165 |
124 |
||||||||||||||
Short-term deposits |
421 |
301 |
||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
360 |
1,025 |
||||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements |
30 |
– |
||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents as recorded in the Group statement of financial position |
976 |
1,450 |
||||||||||||||
Bank overdrafts (note 21) |
(55 |
) |
(59 |
) | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents as recorded in the Group statement of cash flows |
921 |
1,391 |
||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Countries with restrictions on repatriation |
24 |
77 |
||||||||||||||
Capital expenditure under lease agreements |
11 |
9 |
||||||||||||||
Other restrictions |
12 |
– |
||||||||||||||
47 |
86 |
|||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Current |
||||||||||||||||
Trade payables |
152 |
109 |
||||||||||||||
Other tax and social security payable |
37 |
29 |
||||||||||||||
Other payables |
173 |
119 |
||||||||||||||
Accruals |
335 |
322 |
||||||||||||||
697 |
579 |
|||||||||||||||
Non-current |
||||||||||||||||
Other payables |
4 |
4 |
||||||||||||||
Deferred purchase consideration |
12 |
12 |
||||||||||||||
Contingent purchase consideration (note 24) |
65 |
73 |
||||||||||||||
81 |
89 |
|||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
195 |
Commercial litigation and disputes $m |
Insurance reserves $m |
Onerous contractual expenditure $m |
Dilapidations and other $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
37 |
39 |
8 |
6 |
90 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Provided, of which $28m is recorded within exceptional items (note 6) |
28 |
18 |
2 |
6 |
54 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Utilised |
(31 |
) |
(7 |
) |
(7 |
) |
– |
(45 |
) | |||||||||||||||
Released |
(1 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
– |
(2 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
33 |
50 |
1 |
12 |
96 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current |
32 |
15 |
1 |
5 |
53 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Non-current |
1 |
35 |
– |
7 |
43 |
|||||||||||||||||||
33 |
50 |
1 |
12 |
96 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Incurred but not reported claims (‘IBNR’) a |
Reported but not yet settled claims |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate operations and owned and leased properties |
11 |
11 |
7 |
3 |
18 |
14 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Managed hotels |
25 |
19 |
7 |
6 |
32 |
25 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 |
30 |
14 |
9 |
50 |
39 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Includes unallocated loss expenses. |
196 |
IHG |
Maturity date |
Discount at issue % |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Current |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank overdrafts (note 18) |
n/a |
n/a |
55 |
59 |
||||||||||||||||||||
£173m 3.875% bonds 2022 |
28 November 2022 |
1.213 |
– |
233 |
||||||||||||||||||||
55 |
292 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-current |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 1.625% bonds |
8 October 2024 | 0.437 |
534 |
565 |
||||||||||||||||||||
£300m 3.75% bonds |
14 August 2025 | 0.986 |
365 |
408 |
||||||||||||||||||||
£350m 2.125% bonds |
24 August 2026 | 0.550 |
423 |
473 |
||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 2.125% bonds |
15 May 2027 | 0.470 |
539 |
570 |
||||||||||||||||||||
£400m 3.375% bonds |
8 October 2028 | 1.034 |
480 |
537 |
||||||||||||||||||||
2,341 |
2,553 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans and other borrowings |
2,396 |
2,845 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Denominated in the following currencies: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sterling |
1,269 |
1,652 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
US dollars |
53 |
57 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Euros |
1,073 |
1,135 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
2,396 |
2,845 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
197 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
976 |
1,450 |
||||||||||||||||
Loans and other borrowings |
– current |
(55 |
) |
(292 |
) | |||||||||||||
– non-current |
(2,341 |
) |
(2,553 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Lease liabilities |
– current |
(26 |
) |
(35 |
) | |||||||||||||
– non-current |
(401 |
) |
(384 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments hedging debt values (note 23) |
(4 |
) |
(67 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Net debt |
(1,851 |
) |
(1,881 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Movement in net debt |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents, net of overdrafts |
(393 |
) |
(236 |
) | ||||||||||||
Add back financing cash flows in respect of other components of net debt: |
||||||||||||||||
Principal element of lease payments |
36 |
32 |
||||||||||||||
Repayment of £600m commercial paper a |
– |
828 |
||||||||||||||
Repayment of long-term bonds |
209 |
– |
||||||||||||||
245 |
860 |
|||||||||||||||
(Increase)/decrease in net debt arising from cash flows |
(148 |
) |
624 |
|||||||||||||
Other movements: |
||||||||||||||||
Lease liabilities |
(48 |
) |
(7 |
) | ||||||||||||
Increase in accrued interest |
(1 |
) |
(1 |
) | ||||||||||||
Disposals |
– |
3 |
||||||||||||||
Exchange and other adjustments |
227 |
29 |
||||||||||||||
178 |
24 |
|||||||||||||||
Decrease in net debt |
30 |
648 |
||||||||||||||
Net debt at beginning of the year |
(1,881 |
) |
(2,529 |
) | ||||||||||||
Net debt at end of the year |
(1,851 |
) |
(1,881 |
) | ||||||||||||
a |
Under the UK Government’s Covid Corporate Financing Facility (‘CCFF’). |
|
|
Information concerning Non-GAAP measures can be found in the Strategic Report. | |
|
|
Net debt as calculated for bank covenants can be found on page 201. | |
198 |
IHG |
At 1 January 2022 $m |
Financing cash flows $m |
Exchange adjustments $m |
Disposal $m |
Other $m |
a,b |
At 31 December 2022 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease liabilities |
419 |
(36 |
) |
(4 |
) |
– |
48 |
427 |
||||||||||||||||||||
£173m 3.875% bonds 2022 |
233 |
(209 |
) |
(24 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 1.625% bonds 2024 |
565 |
– |
(32 |
) |
– |
1 |
534 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
£300m 3.75% bonds 2025 |
408 |
– |
(45 |
) |
– |
2 |
365 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
£350m 2.125% bonds 2026 |
473 |
– |
(50 |
) |
– |
– |
423 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 2.125% bonds 2027 |
570 |
– |
(32 |
) |
– |
1 |
539 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
£400m 3.375% bonds 2028 |
537 |
– |
(57 |
) |
– |
– |
480 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
3,205 |
(245 |
) |
(244 |
) |
– |
52 |
2,768 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Currency swaps |
62 |
– |
– |
– |
(58 |
) |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
3,267 |
(245 |
) |
(244 |
) |
– |
(6 |
) |
2,772 |
At 1 January 2021 $m |
Financing cash flows $m |
Exchange adjustments $m |
Disposal $m |
Other $m |
b |
At 31 December 2021 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease liabilities |
450 |
(32 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(3 |
) |
7 |
419 |
|||||||||||||||||||
£173m 3.875% bonds 2022 |
235 |
– |
(3 |
) |
– |
1 |
233 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 1.625% bonds 2024 |
611 |
– |
(48 |
) |
– |
2 |
565 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
£300m 3.75% bonds 2025 |
413 |
– |
(5 |
) |
– |
– |
408 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
£350m 2.125% bonds 2026 |
479 |
– |
(6 |
) |
– |
– |
473 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 2.125% bonds 2027 |
618 |
– |
(48 |
) |
– |
– |
570 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
£400m 3.375% bonds 2028 |
542 |
– |
(7 |
) |
– |
2 |
537 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial paper |
818 |
(828 |
) |
13 |
– |
(3 |
) |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||
4,166 |
(860 |
) |
(107 |
) |
(3 |
) |
9 |
3,205 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Currency swaps |
17 |
– |
– |
– |
45 |
62 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
4,183 |
(860 |
) |
(107 |
) |
(3 |
) |
54 |
3,267 |
a |
The non-cash increase in lease liabilities principally arises from additions. |
b |
The change in value of currency swaps represents fair value movements. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
199 |
De r ivatives |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
Currency swaps |
(4 |
) |
(62 |
) | ||||||||||||
Analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||
Non-current assets |
7 |
– |
||||||||||||||
Non-current liabilities |
(11 |
) |
(62 |
) | ||||||||||||
(4 |
) |
(62 |
) | |||||||||||||
Date of designation |
Pay leg |
Interest rate |
Receive leg |
Interest rate |
Maturity |
Risk |
Hedge type |
Hedged item | ||||||||||||
November 2018 |
£436m |
3.5% |
€ 500m |
2.125% |
May 2027 |
Foreign exchange |
Cash flow |
€ 500m 2.125% bonds 2027 | ||||||||||||
October 2020 |
£454m |
2.7% |
€ 500m |
1.625% |
October 2024 |
Foreign exchange |
Cash flow |
€ 500m 1.625% bonds 2024 | ||||||||||||
• |
Borrowings under the RCF; and |
• |
Short-dated foreign exchange swaps. |
200 |
IHG |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in profit before tax |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sterling: US dollar exchange rate |
$0.05 fall |
(2.9 |
) |
7.0 |
5.9 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Euro: US dollar exchange rate |
$0.05 fall |
(0.3 |
) |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
US dollar interest rates |
1% increase |
4.2 |
7.1 |
2.2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Sterling interest rates |
1% increase |
3.6 |
5.2 |
12.9 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Decrease in net liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sterling: US dollar exchange rate |
$0.05 fall |
26.5 |
29.1 |
30.2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Euro: US dollar exchange rate |
$0.05 fall |
49.6 |
49.7 |
50.6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Sterling: euro exchange rate |
€ 0.05 fall |
60.2 |
67.4 |
68.2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December 2022 |
31 December 2020 and 2021 |
|||||||||||
Covenant test levels for RCF |
||||||||||||
Leverage |
<4.0x |
waived |
||||||||||
Interest cover |
>3.5x |
waived |
||||||||||
Liquidity |
n/a |
$400m a |
||||||||||
a |
Defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents (net of bank overdrafts) plus undrawn facilities with a remaining term of at least six months. |
2022 |
2021 |
a |
2020 |
a | ||||||||||||||||||||
Covenant measures |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covenant EBITDA ($m) |
896 |
601 |
272 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Covenant net debt ($m) |
1,898 |
1,801 |
2,375 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Covenant interest payable ($m) |
109 |
133 |
111 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Leverage |
2.12 |
3.00 |
8.73 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest cover |
8.22 |
4.52 |
2.45 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Liquidity ($m) |
n/a |
2,655 |
2,925 |
a |
At 31 December 2021 and 2020, the leverage and interest covenants under the previous facilities were waived and replaced with a liquidity requirement of $400m. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
201 |
31 December 2022 |
Less than 1 year $m |
Between 1 and 2 years $m |
Between 2 and 5 years $m |
More than 5 years $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Non-derivative financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank overdrafts |
55 |
– |
– |
– |
55 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| € 500m 1.625% bonds 2024 |
9 |
543 |
– |
– |
552 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 |
14 |
14 |
375 |
– |
403 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 |
9 |
9 |
439 |
– |
457 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| € 500m 2.125% bonds 2027 |
11 |
11 |
568 |
– |
590 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £400m 3.375% bonds 2028 |
16 |
16 |
49 |
498 |
579 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities |
53 |
50 |
126 |
3,201 |
3,430 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and other payables (excluding deferred and contingent purchase consideration) |
660 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
664 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred and contingent purchase consideration |
– |
13 |
39 |
42 |
94 |
|||||||||||||||||||
31 December 2021 |
Less than 1 year $m |
Between 1 and 2 years $m |
Between 2 and 5 years $m |
More than 5 years $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||||
Non-derivative financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank overdrafts |
59 |
– |
– |
– |
59 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £173m 3.875% bonds 2022 |
241 |
– |
– |
– |
241 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| € 500m 1.625% bonds 2024 |
9 |
9 |
575 |
– |
593 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 |
15 |
15 |
435 |
– |
465 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 |
10 |
10 |
502 |
– |
522 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| € 500m 2.125% bonds 2027 |
12 |
12 |
36 |
578 |
638 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| £400m 3.375% bonds 2028 |
18 |
18 |
55 |
575 |
666 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities |
58 |
49 |
123 |
3,212 |
3,442 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and other payables (excluding deferred and contingent purchase consideration) |
550 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
555 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred and contingent purchase consideration |
– |
– |
52 |
42 |
94 |
|||||||||||||||||||
202 |
IHG |
31 December 2022 |
AAA $m |
AA+ $m |
AA $m |
AA- $m |
A+ $m |
A $m |
A- $m |
BBB+ and below $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term deposits |
– |
– |
– |
66 |
127 |
141 |
50 |
37 |
421 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
360 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
360 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase agreement collateral |
22 |
2 |
6 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
30 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 December 2021 |
AAA $m |
AA+ $m |
AA $m |
AA- $m |
A+ $m |
A $m |
A- $m |
BBB+ $m |
Total $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term deposits |
– |
– |
– |
87 |
45 |
169 |
– |
– |
301 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
1,025 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1,025 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hierarchy of fair value measurement |
Fair value $m |
a |
Amortised cost $m |
Not categorised as a financial instrument $m |
Total $m |
Fair value $m |
a |
Amortised cost $m |
Not categorised as a financial instrument $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other financial assets |
1,3 b |
106 |
50 |
– |
156 |
114 |
61 |
– |
175 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
1 |
360 |
616 |
– |
976 |
1,025 |
425 |
– |
1,450 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments |
2 |
7 |
– |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation plan investments |
1 |
216 |
– |
– |
216 |
256 |
– |
– |
256 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade and other receivables |
– |
– |
542 |
104 |
646 |
– |
501 |
73 |
574 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments |
2 |
(11 |
) |
– |
– |
(11 |
) |
(62 |
) |
– |
– |
(62 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation plan liabilities |
1 |
(216 |
) |
– |
– |
(216 |
) |
(256 |
) |
– |
– |
(256 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans and other borrowings |
– |
– |
(2,396 |
) |
– |
(2,396 |
) |
– |
(2,845 |
) |
– |
(2,845 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade and other payables |
3 |
(83 |
) |
(658 |
) |
(37 |
) |
(778 |
) |
(73 |
) |
(566 |
) |
(29 |
) |
(668 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
With the exception of equity securities of $88m (2021: $106m) measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, all are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Of those, the financial assets related to the deferred compensation plan investments were designated as such upon initial recognition. |
b |
Of those measured at fair value, $3m (2021: $8m) are Level 1 and $103m (2021: $106m) are Level 3. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
203 |
Hierarchy of |
2022 |
2021 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
fair value measurement |
Carrying value $m |
Fair value $m |
Carrying value $m |
Fair value $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
£173m 3.875% bonds 2022 |
1 |
– |
– |
(233 |
) |
(239 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 1.625% bonds 2024 |
1 |
(534 |
) |
(511 |
) |
(565 |
) |
(585 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
£300m 3.75% bonds 2025 |
1 |
(365 |
) |
(344 |
) |
(408 |
) |
(428 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
£350m 2.125% bonds 2026 |
1 |
(423 |
) |
(367 |
) |
(473 |
) |
(471 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
€ 500m 2.125% bonds 2027 |
1 |
(539 |
) |
(492 |
) |
(570 |
) |
(601 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
£400m 3.375% bonds 2028 |
1 |
(480 |
) |
(417 |
) |
(537 |
) |
(566 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
204 |
IHG |
Other financial assets $m |
Derivative financial instruments $m |
Other payables $m |
Contingent purchase consideration $m |
|||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2021 |
88 |
4 |
– |
(79 |
) | |||||||||||||||
Additions |
3 |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||
Valuation gains recognised in other comprehensive income |
15 |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||
Unrealised changes in fair value a |
– |
(4 |
) |
– |
6 |
|||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
106 |
– |
– |
(73 |
) | |||||||||||||||
Valuation losses recognised in other comprehensive income |
(1 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||
Unrealised changes in fair value b |
– |
– |
(18 |
) |
8 |
|||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
(2 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
|||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
103 |
– |
(18 |
) |
(65 |
) | ||||||||||||||
a |
The change in the fair value of derivative financial instruments was recognised within other net impairment charges in the Group income statement and was presented as an exceptional item. |
b |
The change in the fair value of other payables was recognised within share of losses from associates in the Group income statement and is presented as an exceptional item. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
205 |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit/(loss) for the year |
376 |
265 |
(260 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments for: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net financial expenses |
96 |
139 |
140 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
(8 |
) |
(6 |
) |
(13 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income tax charge/(credit) |
164 |
96 |
(20 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit adjustments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss on financial assets |
5 |
– |
88 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Other net impairment (reversals)/charges |
(5 |
) |
4 |
226 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating exceptional items |
100 |
25 |
(4 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation |
68 |
98 |
110 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
168 |
127 |
420 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract assets deduction in revenue |
32 |
35 |
25 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based payments cost |
30 |
28 |
21 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Share of (profits)/losses of associates and joint ventures (before exceptional items) |
(1 |
) |
8 |
14 |
||||||||||||||||||||
61 |
71 |
60 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund adjustments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation |
86 |
94 |
62 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss/(reversal) on financial assets |
7 |
(6 |
) |
24 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Other impairment (reversals)/charges |
– |
(3 |
) |
41 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating exceptional items |
– |
– |
20 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based payments cost |
16 |
13 |
11 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses of associates |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
110 |
100 |
159 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Working capital and other adjustments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in deferred revenue |
108 |
39 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Decrease in inventories |
– |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables |
(132 |
) |
(75 |
) |
38 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables |
121 |
153 |
(69 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other adjustments |
4 |
(8 |
) |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||
101 |
110 |
(27 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows relating to exceptional items |
(43 |
) |
(12 |
) |
(87 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Contract acquisition costs, net of repayments |
(64 |
) |
(42 |
) |
(64 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total adjustments |
585 |
583 |
568 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from operations |
961 |
848 |
308 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
206 |
IHG |
Defined benefit obligation |
Fair value of plan assets |
Net defined benefit obligation |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January |
92 |
103 |
96 |
– |
– |
– |
92 |
103 |
96 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognised in profit or loss |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
2 |
2 |
3 |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 |
2 |
3 |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
2 |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognised in other comprehensive income |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial (gain)/loss arising from changes in: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Demographic assumptions |
(1 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(3 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(1 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(3 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assumptions |
(22 |
) |
(3 |
) |
10 |
– |
– |
– |
(22 |
) |
(3 |
) |
10 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experience adjustments |
2 |
(1 |
) |
1 |
– |
– |
– |
2 |
(1 |
) |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Re-measurement (gain)/loss |
(21 |
) |
(7 |
) |
8 |
– |
– |
– |
(21 |
) |
(7 |
) |
8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
(2 |
) |
(1 |
) |
2 |
– |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
(1 |
) |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(23 |
) |
(8 |
) |
10 |
– |
– |
– |
(23 |
) |
(8 |
) |
10 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group contributions |
– |
– |
– |
(5 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(6 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(6 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(5 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(6 |
) |
5 |
5 |
6 |
– |
– |
– |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(5 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(6 |
) |
– |
– |
– |
(5 |
) |
(5 |
) |
(6 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December |
66 |
92 |
103 |
– |
– |
– |
66 |
92 |
103 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprising: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UK plan |
18 |
30 |
31 |
– |
– |
– |
18 |
30 |
31 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US plans |
35 |
45 |
50 |
– |
– |
– |
35 |
45 |
50 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US post-retirement plan |
13 |
17 |
22 |
– |
– |
– |
13 |
17 |
22 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 |
92 |
103 |
– |
– |
– |
66 |
92 |
103 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 % |
2021 % |
2020 % |
||||||||||||||||||||||
UK plan only: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension increases |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Inflation rate |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Discount rate: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
UK plan |
5.0 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
US plans |
4.9 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
US post-retirement plan |
4.9 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
US healthcare cost trend rate assumed for the next year: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-65 (ultimate rate reached in 2032) |
6.9 |
6.2 |
6.4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Post-65 (ultimate rate reached in 2032) |
7.3 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Ultimate rate that the cost rate trends to |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
207 |
UK |
US |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 years |
2021 years |
2020 years |
2022 years |
2021 years |
2020 years |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current pensioners at 65 a |
– male |
24 |
24 |
24 |
22 |
22 |
22 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– female |
26 |
26 |
26 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Future pensioners at 65 b |
– male |
25 |
25 |
25 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
– female |
27 |
28 |
28 |
25 |
25 |
24 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
Relates to assumptions based on longevity following retirement at the end of the reporting period. |
b |
Relates to assumptions based on longevity relating to an employee retiring in 2042. |
2022 $m |
2021 a $m |
|||||||||||||||||
Discount rate |
1% decrease |
6.6 |
11.4 |
|||||||||||||||
1% increase |
(5.4 |
) |
(11.2 |
) | ||||||||||||||
Inflation rate |
0.25% decrease |
(0.5 |
) |
(1.2 |
) | |||||||||||||
0.25% increase |
0.6 |
1.3 |
||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate |
One-year increase |
2.5 |
5.1 |
|||||||||||||||
Healthcare costs trend rate |
1% decrease |
(0.8 |
) |
(1.2 |
) | |||||||||||||
1% increase |
0.8 |
1.3 |
||||||||||||||||
a |
2021 sensitivities have been re-presented to show the effect of a 1% change in discount rate, consistent with 2022. |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Within one year |
5 |
5 |
||||||||||||||
Between one and five years |
20 |
21 |
||||||||||||||
More than five years |
89 |
96 |
||||||||||||||
114 |
122 |
|||||||||||||||
2022 years |
2021 years |
|||||||||||||||
UK plan |
14.0 |
19.0 |
||||||||||||||
US plans |
7.6 |
9.0 |
||||||||||||||
US post-retirement plan |
8.0 |
9.4 |
||||||||||||||
208 |
IHG |
|
|
More detailed information on the performance measures for awards to Executive Directors is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 114 to 136. |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit before System Fund and exceptional items |
28 |
26 |
19 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
System Fund |
16 |
13 |
11 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
44 |
39 |
30 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash-settled |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit before System Fund and exceptional items |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
46 |
41 |
32 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
APP |
LTIP |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Binomial valuation model |
Monte Carlo Simulation, Binomial and Finnerty valuation models |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Option pricing models and assumptions |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average share price (pence) |
5,018.3 |
5,009.0 |
3,771.0 |
4,875.0 |
4,980.0 |
3,450.0 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected dividend yield |
2.29% to 2.67% |
1.11% |
1.48% |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
1.29% |
0.09% |
0.02% |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volatility a |
35% to 45% |
43% |
33% |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Term (years) |
1.7 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
The expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price corresponding to the expected life of the share award. |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
209 |
APP |
LTIP |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of share awards (thousands) |
Performance-related awards |
Restricted stock units |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at 1 January 2020 |
496 |
695 |
1,275 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
138 |
383 |
696 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(188 |
) |
(179 |
) |
(413 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Lapsed or cancelled |
(33 |
) |
(85 |
) |
(137 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at 31 December 2020 |
413 |
814 |
1,421 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
90 |
281 |
442 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(147 |
) |
(70 |
) |
(391 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Lapsed or cancelled |
(8 |
) |
(153 |
) |
(122 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at 31 December 2021 |
348 |
872 |
1,350 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
236 |
323 |
706 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(254 |
) |
(23 |
) |
(391 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Lapsed or cancelled |
(9 |
) |
(239 |
) |
(90 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at 31 December 2022 |
321 |
933 |
1,575 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value of awards granted during the year (cents) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
6,180.2 |
3,770.0 |
5,656.4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
2021 |
6,888.5 |
4,676.3 |
6,559.7 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
2020 |
4,965.9 |
2,473.5 |
4,397.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average remaining contract life (years) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2020 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Allotted, called up and fully paid |
Number of shares millions |
Nominal value $m |
Share premium $m |
Equity share capital $m |
||||||||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2020 (ordinary shares of 20 340 /399 p each) |
187 |
52 |
99 |
151 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
– |
1 |
4 |
5 |
||||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2020 (ordinary shares of 20 340 /399 p each) |
187 |
53 |
103 |
156 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
– |
– |
(2 |
) |
(2 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 (ordinary shares of 20 340 /399 p each) |
187 |
53 |
101 |
154 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchased and cancelled under share repurchase programme |
(4 |
) |
(1 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
– |
(6 |
) |
(10 |
) |
(16 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 (ordinary shares of 20 340 /399 p each) |
183 |
46 |
91 |
137 |
||||||||||||||||||||
210 |
IHG |
Number of shares millions |
Carrying value $m |
Market value $m |
||||||||||||||||||
31 December 2022 |
1.1 |
37.0 |
62.8 |
|||||||||||||||||
31 December 2021 |
0.9 |
21.7 |
57.3 |
|||||||||||||||||
31 December 2020 |
0.1 |
1.4 |
3.1 |
|||||||||||||||||
Number of shares millions |
Nominal value $m |
|||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2020 |
5.7 |
1.6 |
||||||||||||||
Transferred to employee share trusts |
(0.6 |
) |
(0.2 |
) | ||||||||||||
At 31 December 2020 |
5.1 |
1.4 |
||||||||||||||
Transferred to employee share trusts |
(1.4 |
) |
(0.4 |
) | ||||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
3.7 |
1.0 |
||||||||||||||
Transferred to employee share trusts |
(0.7 |
) |
(0.2 |
) | ||||||||||||
Repurchased under share repurchase programme |
4.5 |
1.1 |
||||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
7.5 |
1.9 |
||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge reserve $m |
Cost of hedging reserve $m |
Total $m |
||||||||||||||
At 1 January 2020 |
1 |
(7 |
) |
(6 |
) | |||||||||||
Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income |
– |
(6 |
) |
(6 |
) | |||||||||||
Change in fair value of currency swaps recognised in other comprehensive income |
(1 |
) |
– |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||
Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses |
(13 |
) |
– |
(13 |
) | |||||||||||
Deferred tax |
4 |
– |
4 |
|||||||||||||
Exchange adjustments |
(2 |
) |
– |
(2 |
) | |||||||||||
At 31 December 2020 |
(11 |
) |
(13 |
) |
(24 |
) | ||||||||||
Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income |
– |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||||||
Change in fair value of currency swaps recognised in other comprehensive income |
(62 |
) |
– |
(62 |
) | |||||||||||
Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses |
96 |
– |
96 |
|||||||||||||
Deferred tax |
(7 |
) |
– |
(7 |
) | |||||||||||
At 31 December 2021 |
16 |
(11 |
) |
5 |
||||||||||||
Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income |
– |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||||||
Change in fair value of currency swaps recognised in other comprehensive income |
33 |
– |
33 |
|||||||||||||
Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses |
(43 |
) |
– |
(43 |
) | |||||||||||
Deferred tax |
2 |
– |
2 |
|||||||||||||
At 31 December 2022 |
8 |
(8 |
) |
– |
||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
Contracts placed for expenditure not provided in the Group Financial Statements |
||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
5 |
13 |
||||||||||||||
Intangible assets |
1 |
4 |
||||||||||||||
6 |
17 |
|||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
211 |
212 |
IHG |
Total compensation |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term employment benefits |
18.7 |
19.3 |
10.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions to defined contribution pension plans |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Equity compensation benefits a |
13.4 |
8.1 |
2.3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
32.6 |
27.9 |
13.1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
a |
As measured in accordance with IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payment’. |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee revenue |
9 |
3 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts receivable |
10 |
11 |
11 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts payable |
– |
– |
(4 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Assessment fees and contributions received from hotels and other revenues |
989 |
727 |
490 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Loyalty programme revenues, net of the cost of point redemptions |
228 |
201 |
275 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
1,217 |
928 |
765 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing |
408 |
147 |
109 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Staff costs (note 4) |
341 |
304 |
242 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortisation |
86 |
94 |
62 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss/(reversal) on trade receivables (note 17) |
7 |
(6 |
) |
24 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Other net impairment (reversals)/charges |
– |
(3 |
) |
41 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
213 |
Fully owned subsidiaries |
10000 Champion Acquisition LLC (k) 24th Street Operator Sub, LLC (k) 36th Street IHG Sub, LLC (k) 426 Main Ave, LLC (k) 46 Nevins Street Associates, LLC (k) 2250 Blake Street Hotel, LLC (k) |
Alpha Kimball Hotel, LLC (k) |
Asia Pacific Holdings Limited (n) |
Barclay Operating Corp. (cj) |
BHMC Canada Inc. (o) |
BHR Holdings B.V. (p) |
BHR Pacific Holdings, Inc. (k) |
BHTC Canada Inc. (o) |
Blythswood Square Glasgow Hotel OpCo Ltd. (n) |
BOC Barclay Sub, LLC (cj) |
Bristol Oakbrook Tenant Company (k) |
Cambridge Lodging, LLC (k) |
Capital Lodging, LLC (k) |
CECNY Land Holdings, LLC (k) |
CF Irving Owner, LLC (k) |
CF McKinney Owner, LLC (k) |
El Salvador SA (n) |
Crowne Plaza, LLC (k) |
Cumberland Akers Hotel, LLC (k) |
Dunwoody Operations, LLC (k) |
Edinburgh George Street Hotel OpCo Ltd. (n) |
Edinburgh IC Limited (cr) |
EVEN Real Estate Holding, LLC (k) |
General Innkeeping Acceptance Corporation (b) (l) |
Grand Central Glasgow Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
Guangzhou SC Hotels Services Ltd. (t) |
Hawthorne Land Holdings LLC (k) |
H.I. Soaltee Management Company Ltd. (ac) |
HC International Holdings, Inc. (w) |
HH France Holdings SAS (x) |
HH Hotels (EMEA) B.V. (p) |
HH Hotels (Romania) SRL (y) |
HIM (Aruba) NV (z) |
Hoft Properties, LLC (k) |
Holiday Hospitality Franchising, LLC (k) |
Holiday Inn Mexicana S.A. de C.V. (ab) |
Holiday Inns (China) Ltd. (ac) |
Holiday Inns (Courtalin) Holding SAS (x) |
Holiday Inns (Courtalin) SAS (x) |
Holiday Inns (England) Limited (cy) (dissolved on 2 |
Feburary 2023) |
Holiday Inns (Germany), LLC (l) |
Holiday Inns (Jamaica) Inc. (l) |
Holiday Inns (Middle East) Limited (ac) |
Holiday Inns (Philippines), Inc. (l) |
Holiday Inns (Saudi Arabia), Inc. (l) |
Holiday Inns (Thailand) Limited (ac) |
Holiday Inns (UK), Inc. (l) |
Holiday Inns Crowne Plaza (Hong Kong), Inc. (l) |
Holiday Inns Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited (aa) |
Holiday Inns Inc. (k) |
Holiday Inns Investment (Nepal) Limited (ac) |
Holiday Inns of America (UK) Limited (cb) |
Holiday Inns of Belgium N.V. (ad) |
Holiday Pacific Equity Corporation (k) |
Holiday Pacific, LLC (k) |
Holiday Pacific Partners, LP (k) |
Hotel InterContinental London (Holdings) Limited (n) |
Hotel Inter-Continental London Limited (n) |
Hoteles Y Turismo HIH SRL (n) |
IC Hotelbetriebsführungs GmbH (ae) |
IC Hotels Management (Portugal) Unipessoal, Lda (af) |
IC International Hotels Limited Liability Company (ag) |
IHC Arabia for Management, LLC (u) |
IHC Buckhead, LLC (ci) |
IHC Hopkins (Holdings) Corp. (k) |
IHC Hotel Limited (n) |
IHC Inter-Continental (Holdings) Corp. (k) |
IHC London (Holdings) (n) |
IHC May Fair (Holdings) Limited (cb) |
IHC May Fair Hotel Limited (n) |
IHC M-H (Holdings) Corp. (k) |
IHC Overseas (U.K.) Limited (n) |
IHC United States (Holdings) Corp. (b) (k) |
IHC Willard (Holdings) Corp. (k) |
IHG (Marseille) SAS (x) |
IHG (Myanmar) Limited (ah) |
IHG (Thailand) Limited (bu) |
IHG Amsterdam Management BV (p) |
IHG Bangkok Ltd. (v) |
IHG Brasil Administracao de Hoteis e Servicos Ltd (ak) |
IHG Commissions Services SRL (co) |
IHG de Argentina SA (al) |
IHG ECS (Barbados) SRL (co) |
IHG Franchising Brasil Ltda. (bd) |
IHG Franchising DR Corporation (k) |
IHG Franchising, LLC (k) |
IHG Hotels (New Zealand) Limited (an) |
IHG Hotels Limited (n) |
Pty Limited (b) (aa) |
IHG Hotels Nigeria Limited (ao) |
IHG Hotels South Africa (Pty) Limited (ap) |
IHG International Partnership (n) |
IHG Istanbul Otel Yönetim Limited Sirketi (bx) |
IHG Japan (Management), LLC (ar) |
IHG Japan (Osaka), LLC (ar) |
IHG Management (Maryland), LLC (as) |
IHG Management (Netherlands ) B.V. (p) |
IHG Management d.o.o. Beograd (cc) |
IHG Management MD Barclay Sub, LLC (cj) |
IHG Management SL d.o.o. (bo) |
IHG Mexico Operaciones SA de CV (ab) |
IHG Middle East Management Consultancies LLC (br) |
IHG Peru SRL (cf) |
IHG PS Nominees Limited (n) |
IHG Sermex SA de CV (ab) |
IHG Systems Pty Ltd. (b) (aa) |
IHG Szalloda Budapest Szolgaltato Kft. (at) |
IHG Technology Solutions, LLC (k) |
InterContinental Berlin Service Company GmbH (au) |
InterContinental (Branston) 1 Limited (c) (cy) |
InterContinental (PB) 1 (n) |
InterContinental (PB) 3 Limited (n) |
Intercontinental D.C. Operating Corp. (k) |
Inter-Continental Florida Investment Corp. (k) |
Inter-Continental Florida Partner Corp. (k) |
InterContinental Gestion Hotelera SLU (by) |
Intercontinental Hospitality Corporation (k) |
InterContinental Hotel Berlin GmbH (au) |
Inter-Continental Hoteleira Limitada (aw) |
Inter-Continental Hotels (Montreal) Operating Corp. (ax) |
Inter-Continental Hotels (Montreal) Owning Corp. (ax) |
InterContinental Hotels (Puerto Rico) Inc. (az) |
Inter-Continental Hotels (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (ai) |
Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation (k) |
Intercontinental Hotels Corporation de Venezuela C.A. |
Intercontinental Hotels Corporation Limited (b) (m) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd. (ai) |
InterContinental Hotels Group Pty Limited |
InterContinental Hotels Group (Canada) Inc. (o) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (España) SAU (by) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (Greater China) Limited (ac) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (India) Pvt. Ltd. (aq) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (Japan) Inc. (l) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (New Zealand) Limited (an) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (Shanghai) Ltd. (bb) |
InterContinental Hotels Group (Vietnam) Company Limited (q) |
InterContinental Hotels Group Customer Services Limited (n) |
InterContinental Hotels Group do Brasil Limitada (bc) |
InterContinental Hotels Group Healthcare Trustee Limited (n) |
InterContinental Hotels Group Operating Corp. (e) (k) |
InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, LLC (b) (k) |
InterContinental Hotels Group Services Company (n) |
InterContinental Hotels Italia, S.r.L. (be) |
InterContinental Hotels Limited (a) (n) |
InterContinental Hotels Management GmbH (bf) |
InterContinental Hotels Management Montenegro d.o.o. (ce) |
InterContinental Hotels Nevada Corporation (ck) |
InterContinental Hotels of San Francisco Inc. (k) |
Intercontinental IOHC (Mauritius) Limited (bg) |
InterContinental Management AM, LLC (cm) |
InterContinental Management Bulgaria EOOD (bp) |
InterContinental Management France SAS (x) |
InterContinental Management Poland sp. Z.o.o (cn) |
InterContinental Overseas Holdings, LLC (k) |
KG Benefits, LLC (aj) |
KG Gift Card Inc. (aj) |
KG Liability, LLC (k) |
KG Technology, LLC (k) |
KHRG 851, LLC (k) |
KHRG Aertson, LLC (k) |
KHRG Allegro, LLC (k) |
KHRG Argyle, LLC (k) |
KHRG Atlanta Midtown, LLC (k) |
KHRG Austin Beverage Company, LLC (k) |
KHRG Baltimore, LLC (k) |
KHRG Born, LLC (k) |
KHRG Boston Hotel, LLC (k) |
KHRG Bozeman, LLC (k) |
KHRG Buckhead, LLC (k) |
KHRG Canary, LLC (k) |
KHRG Cayman, LLC (k) |
KHRG Cayman Employer Ltd. (k) |
KHRG Dallas, LLC (k) |
KHRG Dallas Beverage Company, LLC (k) |
KHRG Employer, LLC (k) |
KHRG Charlottesville LLC (k) |
KHRG Goleta, LLC (k) |
KHRG Gray, LLC (k) |
KHRG Gray U2, LLC (k) |
KHRG Huntington Beach, LLC (k) |
KHRG Key West, LLC (k) |
KHRG King Street, LLC (k) |
KHRG La Peer, LLC (k) |
KHRG Miami Beach, LLC (k) |
KHRG Muse, LLC (k) |
KHRG New Orleans, LLC (k) |
KHRG NPC, LLC (k) |
KHRG Palladian, LLC (k) |
KHRG Palomar Phoenix, LLC (k) |
KHRG Philly Monaco, LLC (k) |
KHRG Pittsburgh, LLC (k) |
KHRG Porsche Drive, LLC (k) |
KHRG Reynolds, LLC (k) |
214 |
IHG |
Fully owned subsidiaries |
KHRG Riverplace, LLC (k) |
KHRG Sacramento, LLC (k) |
KHRG Schofield, LLC (k) |
KHRG SFD, LLC (k) |
KHRG SF Wharf, LLC (k) |
KHRG SF Wharf U2, LLC (k) |
KHRG South Beach, LLC (k) |
KHRG State Street, LLC (k) |
KHRG Sutter, LLC (k) |
KHRG Sutter Union, LLC (k) |
KHRG Taconic, LLC (k) |
KHRG Tariff, LLC (k) |
KHRG Texas Hospitality, LLC (k) |
KHRG Texas Operations, LLC (k) |
KHRG Tryon, LLC (k) |
KHRG Vero Beach, LLC (k) |
KHRG Vintage Park, LLC (k) |
KHRG VZ Austin, LLC (k) |
KHRG Wabash, LLC (k) |
KHRG Westwood, LLC (k) |
KHRG Wilshire, LLC (k) |
Kimpton Hollywood Licenses, LLC (k) |
Kimpton Hotel & Restaurant Group, LLC (k) |
Kimpton Hotel Frankfurt GmbH (bf) |
Kimpton Phoenix Licenses Holdings, LLC (k) |
Louisiana Acquisitions Corp. (k) |
Luxury Resorts and Spas (France) SAS (ct) |
Manchester Oxford Street Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
Mercer Fairview Holdings, LLC (k) |
Met Leeds Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
MH Lodging, LLC (k) |
Oxford Spires Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
Oxford Thames Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
PML Services, LLC (as) |
Pollstrong Limited (n) |
Powell Pine, Inc. (k) |
Priscilla Holiday of Texas, Inc. (cl) |
PT Regent Indonesia (bh) |
PT SC Hotels & Resorts Indonesia (bh) |
Raison d’Etre Holdings (BVI) Limited (v) |
Raison d’Etre Services (BVI) Limited (v) |
Raison d’Etre Spas, Sweden AB (db) |
Regent Asia Pacific Hotel Management Ltd. (bw) |
Regent Asia Pacific Management Ltd. (cp) |
Regent Berlin GmbH (cq) |
Regent International Hotels Ltd (bw) |
Resort Services International (Cayo Largo) L.P. (ci) |
Roxburghe Hotel Edinburgh OpCo Limited (n) |
Russell London Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
SBS Maryland Beverage Company, LLC (as) |
SC Hotels International Services, Inc. (k) |
SC Leisure Group Limited (n) |
SC NAS 2 Limited (n) |
SC Quest Limited (n) |
SC Reservations (Philippines) Inc. (l) |
SCH Insurance Company (bi) |
Semiramis for training of Hotel Personnel and Hotels Management SAE (ch) |
SF MH Acquisition, LLC (k) |
Six Continents Holdings Limited (n) |
Six Continents Hotels de Colombia SA (bj) |
Six Continents Hotels International Limited (n) |
Six Continents Hotels, Inc. (k) |
Six Continents International Holdings B.V. (p) |
Six Continents Investments Limited (f) (n) |
Six Continents Limited (n) |
Six Continents Overseas Holdings Limited (n) |
Six Continents Restaurants Limited (cy) |
SixCo North America, Inc (w) |
Six Senses Americas IP, LLC (k) |
Six Senses North America Management, LLC (k) |
SLC Sustainable Luxury Cyprus Limited (cs) |
SPHC Management Ltd. (bq) |
St David’s Cardiff Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
Sustainable Luxury Holdings (BVI) Limited (v) |
Sustainable Luxury Lanka Pvt. Ltd (cv) |
Sustainable Luxury Maldives Private Limited (cw) |
Sustainable Luxury Mauritius Limited (cx) |
Sustainable Luxury Services (BVI) Limited (v) |
Sustainable Luxury Singapore Private Limited (ai) |
Sustainable Luxury UK Limited (n) |
The Grand Central Hotel Glasgow Limited (n) |
The Met Hotel Leeds Limited (n) |
The Principal Edinburgh George Street Limited (n) |
The Principal London Limited (n) |
The Principal Manchester Limited (n) |
The Principal York Limited (n) |
The Roxburghe Hotel Edinburgh Limited (s) |
White Shield Company Limited (bk) |
Wotton House Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
WY BLL Owner, LLC (k) |
York Station Road Hotel OpCo Limited (n) |
Subsidiaries where the effective interest is less than 100% |
IHG ANA Hotels Group Japan LLC (74.66%) (ar) |
IHG ANA Hotels Holdings Co., Ltd. (66%) (ar) |
Regent Hospitality Worldwide, Inc. (51%) (bt) |
Sustainable Luxury Holding (Thailand) Limited (49%) (c) (j) (cu) |
Sustainable Luxury Hospitality (Thailand) Limited (73.99%) (c) (j) (cu) |
Sustainable Luxury Management (Thailand) Limited (73.99%) (c) (j) (cu) |
Sustainable Luxury Operations (Thailand) Ltd. (99.99%) (j) (cu) |
Universal de Hoteles SA (99.99%) (j) (bj) |
World Trade Centre Montreal Hotel Corporation (74.11%) (bl) |
Associates, joint ventures and other |
111 East 48th Street Holdings LLC (19.9%) (g) (h) (k) |
Alkoer, Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable (50%) (h) (cg) |
Beijing Orient Express Hotel Co., Ltd. (16.25%) (bm) |
Blue Blood (Tianjin) Equity Investment Management Co., Limited (30.05%) (bn) |
Carr Clark SWW Subventure, LLC (26.67%) (g) (ca) |
Carr Waterfront Hotel, LLC (11.46%) (g) (h) (ca) |
China Hotel Investment Limited (30.05%) (i) (am) |
Desarrollo Alkoer Irapuato S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (cg) |
Desarrollo Alkoer Saltillo S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (cg) |
Desarrollo Alkoer Silao S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (cg) |
EDG Alpharetta EH, LLC (0%) (d) (h) (r) |
Gestion Hotelera Gestel, C.A. (50%) (c) (h) (ba) |
Groups360, LLC (10.60%) (h) (da) |
Inter-Continental Hotels Saudi Arabia Limited (40%) (bs) |
NF III Seattle, LLC (25%) (g) (r) |
NF III Seattle Op Co, LLC (25%) (g) (r) |
Nuevas Fronteras S.A. (23.66%) (cd) |
President Hotel & Tower Co Ltd. (30%) (bu) |
Shanghai Yuhuan Industrial Development Co., Ltd. (1%) (da) |
Sustainable Luxury Gravity Global Private Limited (51%) (h) (bz) |
SURF-Samui Pte. Ltd. (49%) (ay) |
Tianjin ICBCI IHG Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Limited (21.04%) (bv) |
Key |
||
(a) |
Directly owned by InterContinental Hotels Group PLC | |
(b) |
Ordinary shares and preference shares | |
(c) |
and ordinary B shares | |
(d) |
shares | |
(e) |
1 ⁄4 vote ordinary shares and ordinary shares | |
(f) |
Ordinary shares, 5% cumulative preference shares and 7% cumulative preference shares | |
(g) |
The entities do not have share capital and are governed by an operating agreement | |
(h) |
and joint rights in the partnership agreement | |
(i) |
Accounted for as an other financial asset due to IHG being unable to exercise significant influence over the financial and operating policy decisions of the entity | |
(j) |
or more individual shareholders who are employed or were previously employed by the entity | |
Notes to the Group Financial Statements |
IHG |
215 |
Registered addresses | ||
(k) |
3411 Silverside Road, Tatnall Building #104, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA | |
(l) |
205 Powell Place, 37027 Brentwood, TN 37027, USA | |
(m) |
Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda | |
(n) |
, , , – , Windsor, Berkshire, SL4 1RS, UK | |
(o) |
333 Bay Street, Suite 400, Toronto M5H 2R2, Ontario, Canada | |
(p) |
, , The Netherlands | |
(q) |
Room No. 38, Floor 16, Saigon Tower Building, No. 29 Le Duan Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District I, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | |
(r) |
The Corporation Trust Centre, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801, USA | |
(s) |
Caledonian Exchange, 19a Canning Street, Edinburgh, EH3 8HE, UK | |
(t) |
4, No 13 Xiao Gang Zhong Ma Road, Z huhai District, Guangzhou, Guangdong,P.R. China | |
(u) |
Level 6, Akaria Plaza, North Wing, Gate D, Olaya Street, PO Box 93228, Riyadh 1148, Saudi Arabia | |
(v) |
Flemming House, Wickhams Cay, P.O. Box 662, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands | |
(w) |
Wilmington Trust SP Services, Inc. 1105 North Market Street, Suite 1300, Wilmington, DE 19801, USA | |
(x) |
31-33 rue Mogador, 75009 Paris, France | |
(y) |
Bucharest 011015, 1st District, 50-52 Buzesti St, 83 module, 11 floor, Romania | |
(z) |
230 J E Irausquin Boulevard, 11025 Palm Beach, Aruba | |
(aa) |
Level 11, 20 Bond Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia | |
(ab) |
Ontario # 1050, Col. Providencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP44630, Mexico | |
(ac) |
5/F, Manulife Place, 348 Kwung Tong Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong | |
(ad) |
Rond-Point Robert Schuman 11, 1040 Brussels, Belgium | |
(ae) |
QBC 4 – Am Belvedere 4, 1100, Vienna, Austria | |
(af) |
Avenida da Republica, no 52 – 9, 1069 – 211, Lisbon, Portugal | |
(ag) |
Room 60, Section 11 Floor 3 Premises I, Building 1, House 125, Varshavskoye shosse Str, Vn.Ter.G. Municipal District Severnoye Chertanovo, Moscow City, 117587, Russia | |
(ah) |
No. 84, Pan Haliain Street, Unit #1, Level 8, Uniteam Marine Office Building, Sanchuang Township, Yangon, Myanmar | |
(ai) |
230 Victoria Street, #13-00 Bugis Junction Towers, 188024, Singapore | |
(aj) |
4640 Admiralty Way, 5th Floor, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA | |
(ak) |
Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-E, 01420-000 Sao Paulo, Brasil | |
(al) |
Avenida Cordoba 1547, piso 8, oficina A, 1055 Buenos Aires, Argentina | |
(am) |
The Phoenix Centre, George Street, Belleville St. Michael, Barbados | |
(an) |
Level 10, 55 Shortland Street, Auckland Central, Auckland 1010, New Zealand | |
(ao) |
1, Murtala Muhammed Drive, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria | |
(ap) |
Central Office Park Unit 4, 257 Jean Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa | |
(aq) |
11th Floor, Building No. 10, Tower C, DLF Phase-II, DLF Cyber City, Gurgaon, Haryana-122002, India | |
(ar) |
20th Floor, Toranomon Kotoshira Tower, 2-8, Toranomon 1-chom, Minato-ku, 105-0001, Tokyo, Japan | |
(as) |
2 Wisconsin Circle #700, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA | |
(at) |
1052 Budapest, Apáczai Csere Jánus u. 12-14A, Hungary | |
(au) |
Budapester Str. 2, 10787 Berlin, Germany | |
(av) |
Grevgatan 13, 11453 Stockholm, Sweden | |
(aw) |
Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-E, 01420-000 São Paulo, Brazil | |
(ax) |
1980 Pérodeau Street, Vaudreuil-Dorion, J7V 8P7, Quebec, Canada | |
(ay) |
168 Robinson Road, #16-01 SIF Building, 068899, Singapore | |
(az) |
361 San Francisco Street Penthouse, San Juan, PR 00901, Puerto Rico | |
(ba) |
Hotel Tamanaco Inter-Continental, Final Av. Ppal, Mercedes, Caracas, Venezuela | |
(bb) |
22nd Floor, Citigroup Tower, No. 33 Huayanshiqiao Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, P.R. China | |
(bc) |
Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-C, 01420-000 São Paulo, Brazil | |
(bd) |
Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-D, 01420-000 São Paulo, Brazil | |
(be) |
Viale Monte Nero n.84, 20135 Milano, Italy | |
(bf) |
Thurn-und-Taxis-Platz 6 – 60313 Frankfurt am Main, Germany | |
(bg) |
Juris Tax Services Ltd. Level 12, NeX Teracom Tower II, Ebene, Mauritius | |
(bh) |
Menara Imperium 22nd Floor, Suite D, JI. HR. Rasuna Said Kav.1, Guntur Sub-district, Setiabudi District, South Jakarta 12980, Indonesia | |
(bi) |
Primmer Piper Eggleston & Cramer PC, 30 Main St., Suite 500, P.O. Box 1489, Burlington, VT 05402-1489, USA | |
(bj) |
Calle 49, Sur 45 A 300, Oficina 1102, 055422 Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia | |
(bk) |
21 Engineer Lane, Gibraltar, GX11 1AA, Gibraltar | |
(bl) |
Suite 2500, 1000 de La Gauchetiere St. West, Montreal C H3B OA2, Canada | |
(bm) |
Room 311, Building 1, No. 6 East Wen Hua Yuan Road, Beijing Economy and Technology Development Zone, Beijing, P.R. China | |
(bn) |
Room N306, 3rd Floor, Building 6, Binhai Financial Street, No. 52 West Xincheng Road, Tianjin Economy and Technology Development Zone, Tianjin, P.R. China | |
(bo) |
Cesta v Mestni log 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia | |
(bp) |
37A Professor Fridtjof Nansen Street, 5th Floor, District Sredets, Sofia, 1142, Bulgaria | |
(bq) |
C/o Holiday Inn & Suites, Cnr Waigani Drive & Wards Road, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea | |
(br) |
Suite 2201, Festival Tower, Dubai Festival City, Al Rebbat St., P.O. Box 58191, Dubai, United Arab Emirates | |
(bs) |
Madinah Road, Jeddah, P.O Box 9456, Post Code 21413, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | |
(bt) |
Maples Corporate Services Ltd. – PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman – KY-1104, Cayman Islands | |
(bu) |
971, 973 Ploenchit Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand | |
(bv) |
Room R316, 3rd Floor, Building 6, Binhai Financial Street, No. 52 West Xincheng Road, Tianjin Economy and Technology Development Zone, Tianjin, P.R. China |
(bw) |
14th Floor, South China Building, 1-3 Wyndham Street, Hong Kong, SAR | |
(bx) |
Eski Büyükdere Cd. Park Plaza No:14 K:4 Maslak – Sarıyer, 34398, Istanbul, Turkey | |
(by) |
Paseo de Recoletos 37 – 41, 28004 Madrid, Spain | |
(bz) |
B-11515 Bhikaj Cama Place, New Delhi, South Delhi, 110066 India | |
(ca) |
Carr Hospitality, LLC, 1455 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20004, USA | |
(cb) |
Two Snowhill, Snow Hill, Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6GA, UK | |
(cc) |
Krunska 73, Beograd, 11000, Serbia | |
(cd) |
Moreno 809 2 Piso, C1091AAQ Buenos Aires, Argentina | |
(ce) |
Bulevar Svetog Petra Cetinjskog 149 – 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro | |
(cf) |
Bernard Monteagudo 201, 15076, Lima, Peru | |
(cg) |
Avenida Ejercito Nacional Mexicano No. 769, Torre B Piso 8, Granada, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico, CP 11520, Mexico | |
(ch) |
Ground Floor, Al Kamel Law Building, Plot 52-b, Banks Area, Six of October City, Egypt | |
(ci) |
2985 Gordy Parkway, 1st Floor, Marietta, GA 30066, USA | |
(cj) |
600 Mamaroneck Avenue #400, 10528 Harrison, NY 10528, USA | |
(ck) |
8275 South Eastern Avenue #200, Las Vegas, NV 89123, USA | |
(cl) |
5444 Westheimer #1000, Houston, TX 77056, USA | |
(cm) |
23/6 D, Anhaght Str., Yerevan, 0069, Armenia | |
(cn) |
Generation Park Z – ul. Towarowa 28, 00-839 Warsaw, Poland | |
(co) |
Suite 1, Ground Floor, The Financial Services Centre, Bishops Court Hill, St. Michael, BB14004, Barbados | |
(cp) |
Brumby Centre, Lot 42, Jalan Muhibbah, 87000 Labuan F.T., Malaysia | |
(cq) |
Charlottenstrasse 49, 10117 Berlin, Germany | |
(cr) |
C/O BDO LLP, 4 Atlantic Quay, 70 York Street, Glasgow, G2 8JX, UK | |
(cs) |
ATS Services Limited, Capital Center, 9th Floor, 2-4 Arch, Makarios III Ave., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus | |
(ct) |
95 Blvd. Berthier, 75017 Paris, France | |
(cu) |
57, 9th Floor, Park Ventures Ecoplex, Unit 902-904, Wireless Road, Limpini, Pathum Wan Bangkok 103330, Thailand | |
(cv) |
Shop No. L3-6, Amity Building, No. 125, High Level Road, Maharagama, Colombo, Sri Lanka | |
(cw) |
Premier Chambers, M. Lux Lodge, 1st Floor, Orchid Magu, Male, Republic of Maldives | |
(cx) |
Venture Corporate Services (Mauritius) Ltd, Level 3, Tower 1, Nexteracom Towers, Cybercity, Ebene, Mauritius | |
(cy) |
5 Temple Square, Temple Street, Liverpool, L2 5RH, UK | |
(cz) |
1st Floor, No. 68, Zhupan Road, Zhuqiao Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, P.R. China | |
(da) |
251 Little Falls Drive, Suite 400, Wilmington, New Castle County, DE 19808, USA |
216 |
IHG |
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| 226 | Other financial information | |
| 235 | Directors’ Report | |
| 240 | Group information | |
| 252 | Shareholder information | |
| 259 | Exhibits | |
| 260 | Forward-looking statements | |
| 261 | Form 20-F cross-reference guide | |
| 264 | Glossary | |
| 266 | Useful information |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Other financial information
Use of Non-GAAP measures
In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures.
|
|
Further explanation in relation to these measures and their definitions can be found on pages 85 to 88. |
Revenue and operating profit Non-GAAP reconciliations
Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2022
Reportable segments
| Revenue |
Operating profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Group income statement | 3,892 | 2,907 | 985 | 33.9 | 628 | 494 | 134 | 27.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System Fund | (1,217 | ) | (928 | ) | (289 | ) | 31.1 | 105 | 11 | 94 | 854.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of costs | (832 | ) | (589 | ) | (243 | ) | 41.3 | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | – | – | – | – | 95 | 29 | 66 | 227.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments | 1,843 | 1,390 | 453 | 32.6 | 828 | 534 | 294 | 55.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 1,449 | 1,153 | 296 | 25.7 | 809 | 570 | 239 | 41.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 394 | 237 | 157 | 66.2 | 19 | (36 | ) | 55 | NM | a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,843 | 1,390 | 453 | 32.6 | 828 | 534 | 294 | 55.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit
| Revenue | Operating profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments (see above) | 1,843 | 1,390 | 453 | 32.6 | 828 | 534 | 294 | 55.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damagesb | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | 16.7 | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | 16.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned and leased asset disposalsc | (19 | ) | (36 | ) | 17 | (47.2 | ) | (2 | ) | 8 | (10 | ) | NM | a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | (40 | ) | 40 | – | – | 1 | (1 | ) | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit | 1,817 | 1,308 | 509 | 38.9 | 819 | 537 | 282 | 52.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
| b | $7m recognised in 2022 reflects the significant liquidated damages related to one hotel in EMEAA. The $6m recognised in 2021 reflects the significant liquidated damages related to one hotel in Greater China. |
| c | The results of three UK Portfolio hotels and one InterContinental Hotel have been removed in 2022 (being the year of disposal) and the prior year to determine underlying growth. The results of the hotels removed in 2021 (being the year of disposal of these hotels) have also been removed to determine underlying growth. |
Underlying fee revenue and underlying fee operating profit
| Revenue | Operating profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments fee business (see above) | 1,449 | 1,153 | 296 | 25.7 | 809 | 570 | 239 | 41.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damagesa | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | 16.7 | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | 16.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | (22 | ) | 22 | – | – | (2 | ) | 2 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying fee revenue and underlying fee operating profit | 1,442 | 1,125 | 317 | 28.2 | 802 | 562 | 240 | 42.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | $7m recognised in 2022 reflects the significant liquidated damages related to one hotel in EMEAA. The $6m recognised in 2021 reflects the significant liquidated damages related to one hotel in Greater China. |
| 226 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Revenue and operating profit Non-GAAP reconciliations continued
Americas
| Revenue | Operating profitb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Group financial statements, note 2 | 1,005 | 774 | 231 | 29.8 | 761 | 559 | 202 | 36.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed asa: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 879 | 691 | 188 | 27.2 | 741 | 568 | 173 | 30.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 126 | 83 | 43 | 51.8 | 20 | (9 | ) | 29 | NM | d | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,005 | 774 | 231 | 29.8 | 761 | 559 | 202 | 36.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments (see above) | 1,005 | 774 | 231 | 29.8 | 761 | 559 | 202 | 36.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned and leased asset disposalsc | – | (11 | ) | 11 | – | – | 3 | (3 | ) | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | (1 | ) | 1 | – | – | (1 | ) | 1 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit | 1,005 | 762 | 243 | 31.9 | 761 | 561 | 200 | 35.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Revenues as included in the Group Financial Statements, note 3. |
| b | Before exceptional items. |
| c | The results of hotels removed in 2021 (being the year of disposal or lease termination for these hotels) have also been removed to determine underlying growth. |
| d | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
EMEAA
| Revenue | Operating profitb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2022 $m |
2021 $m |
Change $m |
Change % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Group financial statements, note 2 | 552 | 303 | 249 | 82.2 | 152 | 5 | 147 | NMe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed asª: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 284 | 149 | 135 | 90.6 | 153 | 32 | 121 | 378.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 268 | 154 | 114 | 74.0 | (1 | ) | (27 | ) | 26 | (96.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 552 | 303 | 249 | 82.2 | 152 | 5 | 147 | NMe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments (see above) | 552 | 303 | 249 | 82.2 | 152 | 5 | 147 | NMe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damagesc | (7 | ) | – | (7 | ) | – | (7 | ) | – | (7 | ) | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned asset disposalsd | (19 | ) | (25 | ) | 6 | (24.0 | ) | (2 | ) | 5 | (7 | ) | NMe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | (30 | ) | 30 | – | – | (2 | ) | 2 | NMe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit | 526 | 248 | 278 | 112.1 | 143 | 8 | 135 | NMe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Revenues as included in the Group Financial Statements, note 3. |
| b | Before exceptional items. |
| c | $7m recognised in 2022 reflects the significant liquidated damages related to one hotel in EMEAA. |
| d | The results of three UK Portfolio hotels and one InterContinental Hotel have been removed in 2022 (being the year of disposal) and the prior year to determine underlying growth. The results of the hotels removed in 2021 (being the year of disposal of these hotels) have also been removed to determine underlying growth. |
| e | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
| Other financial information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 227 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Other financial information continued
Revenue and operating profit Non-GAAP reconciliations continued
Greater China
| Revenue | Operating profitb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
2022 $m |
|
|
2021 $m |
|
|
Change $m |
|
|
Change % |
|
|
2022 $m |
|
|
2021 $m |
|
|
Change $m |
|
Change % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Group financial statements, note 2 | 87 | 116 | (29 | ) | (25.0 | ) | 23 | 58 | (35 | ) | (60.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed asª: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 87 | 116 | (29 | ) | (25.0 | ) | 23 | 58 | (35 | ) | (60.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments (see above) | 87 | 116 | (29 | ) | (25.0 | ) | 23 | 58 | (35 | ) | (60.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damagesc | – | (6 | ) | 6 | – | – | (6 | ) | 6 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | (4 | ) | 4 | – | – | (2 | ) | 2 | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit | 87 | 106 | (19 | ) | (17.9 | ) | 23 | 50 | (27 | ) | (54.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Revenues as included in the Group Financial Statements, note 3. |
| b | Before exceptional items. |
| c | $6m recognised in 2021 reflects the significant liquidated damages related to one property. |
Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2021
Reportable segments
| Revenue | Operating profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 $m |
2020 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
Change $m |
Change % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Group income statement | 2,907 | 2,394 | 513 | 21.4 | 494 | (153 | ) | 647 | NMa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System Fund | (928 | ) | (765 | ) | (163 | ) | 21.3 | 11 | 102 | (91 | ) | (89.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of costs | (589 | ) | (637 | ) | 48 | (7.5 | ) | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | – | – | – | – | 29 | 270 | (241 | ) | (89.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments | 1,390 | 992 | 398 | 40.1 | 534 | 219 | 315 | 143.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 1,153 | 823 | 330 | 40.1 | 570 | 278 | 292 | 105.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 237 | 169 | 68 | 40.2 | (36 | ) | (59 | ) | 23 | 39.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,390 | 992 | 398 | 40.1 | 534 | 219 | 315 | 143.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underlying fee revenue
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 $m |
2020 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments fee business (see above) | 1,153 | 823 | 330 | 40.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (5 | ) | 500.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | 11 | (11 | ) | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying fee revenue | 1,147 | 833 | 314 | 37.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
| 228 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Revenue and operating profit Non-GAAP reconciliations continued
Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2020
Reportable segments
| Revenue | Operating profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 $m |
2019 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
2020 $m |
2019 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Group income statement | 2,394 | 4,627 | (2,233 | ) | (48.3 | ) | (153 | ) | 630 | (783 | ) | NM | a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System Fund | (765 | ) | (1,373 | ) | 608 | (44.3 | ) | 102 | 49 | 53 | 108.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of costs | (637 | ) | (1,171 | ) | 534 | (45.6 | ) | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items | – | – | – | – | 270 | 186 | 84 | 45.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments | 992 | 2,083 | (1,091 | ) | (52.4 | ) | 219 | 865 | (646 | ) | (74.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee business | 823 | 1,510 | (687 | ) | (45.5 | ) | 278 | 813 | (535 | ) | (65.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned, leased and managed lease | 169 | 573 | (404 | ) | (70.5 | ) | (59 | ) | 52 | (111 | ) | NM | a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 992 | 2,083 | (1,091 | ) | (52.4 | ) | 219 | 865 | (646 | ) | (74.7 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underlying fee revenue
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 $m |
2019 $m |
Change $m |
Change % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments fee business (see above) | 823 | 1,510 | (687 | ) | (45.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | (1 | ) | (11 | ) | 10 | (90.9 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency impact | – | (4 | ) | 4 | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying fee revenue | 822 | 1,495 | (673 | ) | (45.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| a | Percentage change considered not meaningful, such as where a positive balance in the latest period is comparable to a negative or zero balance in the prior period. |
Fee margin reconciliation
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2019 $m |
2018 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as fee business (page 171) | 1,449 | 1,153 | 823 | 1,510 | 1,486 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (11 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Captive insurance company | (21 | ) | (17 | ) | (19 | ) | (19 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,421 | 1,130 | 803 | 1,480 | 1,462 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as fee business (pages 226 to 229) | 809 | 570 | 278 | 813 | 793 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (11 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Captive insurance company (note 20) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 798 | 561 | 274 | 801 | 779 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee margina | 56.2% | 49.6% | 34.1% | 54.1% | 53.3% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Reported as a KPI on page 64. |
| Other financial information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 229 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Other financial information continued
Fee margin reconciliation continued
Fee margin is broken down by region as follows:
| Year ended 31 December 2022 | Americas | EMEAA | Greater China |
Central | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as fee business (see above) | 879 | 284 | 87 | 199 | 1,449 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | – | (7 | ) | – | – | (7 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Captive insurance company | – | – | – | (21 | ) | (21 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 879 | 277 | 87 | 178 | 1,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as fee business (see above) | 741 | 153 | 23 | (108 | ) | 809 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | – | (7 | ) | – | – | (7 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Captive insurance company | – | – | – | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 741 | 146 | 23 | (112 | ) | 798 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee margin | 84.3 | % | 52.7 | % | 26.4 | % | (62.9 | )% | 56.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended 31 December 2021 | Americas | EMEAA | Greater China |
Central | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as fee business (see above) | 691 | 149 | 116 | 197 | 1,153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | – | – | (6 | ) | – | (6 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Captive insurance company | – | – | – | (17 | ) | (17 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 691 | 149 | 110 | 180 | 1,130 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit $m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable segments analysed as fee business (see above) | 568 | 32 | 58 | (88 | ) | 570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant liquidated damages | – | – | (6 | ) | – | (6 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Captive insurance company | – | – | – | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 568 | 32 | 52 | (91 | ) | 561 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee margin | 82.2 | % | 21.5 | % | 47.3 | % | (50.6 | )% | 49.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net capital expenditure reconciliation
| 12 months ended 31 December |
||||||||||||||||
| $m | 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
| Net cash from investing activities | (78 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted for: | ||||||||||||||||
| Contract acquisition costs net of repayments |
(64 | ) | (42 | ) | ||||||||||||
| System Fund depreciation and amortisationa |
83 | 91 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred purchase consideration paid |
– | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| Net capital expenditure | (59 | ) | 50 | |||||||||||||
| Analysed as: | ||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: maintenance (including contract acquisition costs, net of repayments, of $64m (2021: $42m)) |
(108 | ) | (75 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: recyclable investments |
1 | 53 | ||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: System Fund capital investments |
48 | 72 | ||||||||||||||
| Net capital expenditure | (59 | ) | 50 | |||||||||||||
| a | Excludes depreciation on right-of-use assets. |
| 230 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Gross capital expenditure reconciliation
| 12 months ended 31 December |
||||||||||||||||
| $m | 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
||||||||||||||
| Net capital expenditure | (59 | ) | 50 | |||||||||||||
| Add back: | ||||||||||||||||
| Disposal receipts |
(16 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Repayments of contract acquisition costs |
(3 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||
| System Fund depreciation and amortisationa |
(83 | ) | (91 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Gross capital expenditure | (161 | ) | (100 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Analysed as: | ||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: maintenance (including gross contract acquisition costs of $67m (2021: $43m)) |
(111 | ) | (76 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: recyclable investments |
(15 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: System Fund capital investments |
(35 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Gross capital expenditure | (161 | ) | (100 | ) | ||||||||||||
| a | Excludes depreciation on right-of-use assets. |
Adjusted free cash flow reconciliation
| 12 months ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
2020 $m |
2019 $m |
2018 $m |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash from operating activities | 646 | 636 | 137 | 653 | 709 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted for: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment of contingent purchase consideration |
– | – | – | 6 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal element of lease payments |
(36 | ) | (32 | ) | (65 | ) | (59 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of shares by employee share trusts |
(1 | ) | – | – | (5 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure: maintenance (excluding contract acquisition costs) |
(44 | ) | (33 | ) | (43 | ) | (86 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted free cash flowa | 565 | 571 | 29 | 509 | 611 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | Reported as a KPI on page 64. |
Adjusted interest reconciliation
| 12 months ended 31 December |
||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
| Net financial expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Financial income | 22 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| Financial expenses | (118 | ) | (147 | ) | ||||||||||||
| (96 | ) | (139 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted for: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest attributable to the System Fund |
(16 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gainsa |
(10 | ) | – | |||||||||||||
| (26 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted interest | (122 | ) | (142 | ) | ||||||||||||
| ª | The definition of adjusted interest has been updated. The impact to the prior year is not material, and as such has not been restated. |
| Other financial information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 231 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Other financial information continued
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share reconciliation
| 12 months ended 31 December |
||||||||||||||||
| 2022 $m |
2021 $m |
|||||||||||||||
| Profit/(loss) available for equity holders | 375 | 266 | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusting items: | ||||||||||||||||
| System Fund revenues and expenses |
105 | 11 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest attributable to the System Fund |
(16 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Operating exceptional items |
95 | 29 | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
(8 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Tax on fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration |
– | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gainsª |
(10 | ) | – | |||||||||||||
| Tax on foreign exchange gainsª |
(4 | ) | – | |||||||||||||
| Tax on exceptional items |
(26 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Exceptional tax |
– | (26 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted earnings | 511 | 269 | ||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | 181 | 183 | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (cents) | 282.3 | 147.0 | ||||||||||||||
| a | The definition of adjusted earnings per share has been updated. The impact to the prior year is not material, and as such has not been restated. |
Revenue per available room (RevPAR), average daily rate and occupancy
RevPAR is the primary metric used by management to track hotel performance across regions and brands. RevPAR is also a commonly used performance measure in the hotel industry. RevPAR comprises IHG system rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights available and can be mathematically derived from occupancy rate multiplied by average daily rate (ADR). Occupancy rate is rooms occupied by hotel guests expressed as a percentage of rooms that are available. ADR is rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights sold.
References to RevPAR, occupancy and ADR are presented on a comparable basis comprising groupings of hotels that have traded in both the current and prior year, including the impact of hotels temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19. The principal exclusions in deriving this measure are new hotels, hotels closed for major refurbishment and hotels sold in either of the two years. RevPAR and ADR are quoted at a constant US$ conversion rate, in order to allow a better understanding of the comparable year-on-year trading performance excluding distortions created by fluctuations in exchange rates.
The following tables present RevPAR statistics for the year ended 31 December 2022 and a comparison to 2021. Fee business and owned, leased and managed lease statistics are for comparable hotels and include only those hotels in the Group’s System at 31 December 2022 and franchised, managed, owned, leased or managed lease by the Group since 1 January 2021. The comparison with 2021 is at constant US$ exchange rates.
| Fee business | Owned, leased and managed lease |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | Change vs 2021 |
2022 | Change vs 2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 61.9% | 21.0ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $225.40 | 22.7% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $139.63 | 85.7% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 66.7% | 15.5ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $288.11 | 21.9% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $192.07 | 58.7% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 65.1% | 9.7ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $179.16 | 15.9% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $116.64 | 36.1% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 55.6% | 12.3ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $131.97 | 17.8% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $73.32 | 51.4% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 232 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
RevPAR, average daily rate and occupancy continued
| Fee business | Owned, leased and managed lease |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | Change vs 2021 |
2022 | Change vs 2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EVEN Hotels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 69.2% | 15.4ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $160.15 | 31.1% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $110.85 | 68.6% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 60.5% | 9.0ppt | 62.9% | 7.9ppt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $123.25 | 12.7% | $210.04 | 28.6% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $74.51 | 32.3% | $132.04 | 47.1% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 67.2% | 5.2ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $125.29 | 11.8% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $84.18 | 21.2% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| avid hotels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 65.0% | 7.4ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $98.26 | 15.4% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $63.83 | 30.2% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 76.0% | 3.5ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $123.47 | 13.2% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $93.81 | 18.7% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Candlewood Suites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 74.5% | 0.4ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $95.83 | 11.0% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $71.41 | 11.6% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EMEAA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Senses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 41.2% | 17.9ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $913.47 | 27.1% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $376.39 | 124.3% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 42.2% | (2.5)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $235.87 | 77.3% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $99.47 | 67.5% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 58.3% | 19.6ppt | 41.1% | 22.5ppt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $229.30 | 32.1% | $281.35 | 18.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $133.66 | 99.1% | $115.63 | 161.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimpton | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 57.6% | 29.9ppt | 66.3% | 37.7ppt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $207.05 | 68.0% | $294.94 | 9.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $119.23 | 249.5% | $195.64 | 153.1% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 68.1% | 30.2ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $161.12 | 24.1% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $109.74 | 122.8% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| voco | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 72.1% | 18.4ppt | 71.9% | 28.2ppt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $136.65 | 13.2% | $186.28 | (1.8)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $98.55 | 52.0% | $134.01 | 61.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 233 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Other financial information continued
RevPAR, average daily rate and occupancy continued
| Fee business | Owned, leased and managed lease |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | Change vs 2021 |
2022 | Change vs 2021 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 61.4% | 20.9ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $130.76 | 23.1% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $80.22 | 86.5% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 62.4% | 21.1ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $105.09 | 26.0% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $65.56 | 90.3% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 67.5% | 21.8ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $97.09 | 28.9% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $65.57 | 90.3% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Staybridge Suites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 78.2% | 16.2ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $118.03 | 14.4% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $92.28 | 44.2% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater China | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 45.9% | 1.4ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $146.56 | (7.4)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $67.30 | (4.6)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterContinental | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 41.6% | (9.1)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $117.13 | (5.3)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $48.75 | (22.4)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel Indigo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 44.5% | (4.0)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $135.43 | 1.8% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $60.24 | (6.6)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HUALUXE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 46.2% | (1.1)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $68.98 | (6.3)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $31.89 | (8.5)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crowne Plaza | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 42.8% | (4.8)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $76.57 | (1.1)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $32.79 | (11.0)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 44.7% | (2.9)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $55.84 | (2.6)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $24.98 | (8.7)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holiday Inn Express | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 43.1% | (6.9)ppt | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily rate | $43.56 | 2.1% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RevPAR | $18.77 | (11.9)% | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 234 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Directors’ Report
This Directors’ Report includes the information required to be given in line with the Companies Act or, where provided elsewhere, an appropriate cross reference is given. The Governance Report approved by the Board is provided on pages 89 to 138 and incorporated by reference herein.
Subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated undertakings
The Group has around 380 subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and related undertakings (including branches outside of the United Kingdom). A list of subsidiaries and associated undertakings disclosed in accordance with the Companies Act is provided at note 33 of the Group Financial Statements on pages 214 to 216.
Directors
The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company, subject to the Articles of Association, legislation and regulation. This includes the ability to exercise the authority to allot or purchase the Company’s shares pursuant to authorities granted by shareholders at the Company’s AGM every year. Further details of the powers of the Company’s Directors can be found on page 248.
|
|
For biographies of the current Directors see pages 92 to 94. |
Directors’ and Officers’ (D&O) liability insurance and existence of qualifying indemnity provisions
The Company maintains the Group’s D&O liability insurance policy, which covers Directors and Officers of the Company defending civil proceedings brought against them in their capacity as Directors or Officers of the Company (including those who served as Directors or Officers during the year). There were no indemnity provisions relating to the UK pension plan for the benefit of the Directors during 2022.
Articles of Association
|
|
A summary is provided on pages 248 and 249. | |
|
|
The Company’s Articles of Association may only be amended by special resolution and are available on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. |
Shares
Share capital
The Company’s issued share capital at 31 December 2022 consisted of 183,112,379 ordinary shares of 20 340/399 pence each, including 7,506,782
shares held in treasury, which constituted 4.10% of the total issued share capital (including treasury shares). All ordinary shares purchased as part of the share buyback programme as at 31 December 2022 which were subject to cancellation by the Company have been treated as such for the purposes of these calculations.
There are no special control rights or restrictions on share transfers or limitations on the holding of any class of shares.
During 2022, 650,000 shares were transferred from treasury to the employee share ownership trust.
As far as is known to management, IHG is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another company or by any government. The Board focuses on shareholder value creation. When it decides to return capital to shareholders, it considers all of its options, including share buybacks and special dividends.
Share issues and buybacks
On 31 January 2023, we completed our $500m share buyback programme which was announced, and commenced, on 9 August 2022. As part of the buyback, 4,817,620 shares were bought back and cancelled and 4,455,374 shares were bought back and transferred to treasury.
The current share buyback authority remains in force until the 2023 AGM, and a resolution to renew the authority will be put to the shareholders at that AGM. Further information on the transactions that took place this year can be found on page 257.
Dividends
| Dividends | Ordinary |
ADRs | ||||||||||||
| Interim dividend | ||||||||||||||
| An interim dividend was paid on 6 October 2022 to shareholders on the register at the close of business on 2 September 2022. |
37.8p | 43.9¢ | ||||||||||||
| Final dividend | ||||||||||||||
| Subject to approval at the 2023 AGM, a final dividend of 94.5¢ in respect of 2022 will be payable on 16 May 2023 to shareholders on the register at the close of business on 31 March 2023.
|
94.5¢a | 94.5 | ¢ | |||||||||||
| a | The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 26 April 2023 using the average of the daily exchange rates for the three working days commencing 21 April 2023. |
Major institutional shareholders
As at 17 February 2023, being the last practicable date, the Company had been notified of the following significant holdings in its ordinary shares under section 5 of the UK Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (DTRs).
| As at 17 February 2023 | As at 21 February 2022 | As at 22 February 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholder | |
Ordinary shares/ADSsa |
|
%a | |
Ordinary shares/ADSsa |
|
%a | |
Ordinary shares/ADSsa |
|
%a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BlackRock, Inc. | 11,247,319 | b | 6.12 | 11,247,319 | b | 6.12 | 10,429,827 | c | 5.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boron Investments B.V. | 6,890,000 | 3.77 | 6,890,000 | 3.77 | 6,890,000 | 3.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiera Capital Corporation | 11,037,891 | 6.06 | 11,037,891 | 6.06 | 11,037,891 | 6.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royal Bank of Canada | 9,189,549 | 5.02 | 9,189,549 | 5.02 | 9,161,021 | d | 5.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Capital Group Companies, Inc.e | 8,980,505 | 5.12 | 9,071,574 | 4.98 | 9,071,574 | 4.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | The number of shares and percentage of voting rights was determined at the time of the relevant disclosures made in accordance with Rule 5 of the DTRs and doesn’t necessarily reflect the impact of any share consolidation or any changes in shareholding subsequent to the date of notification that are not required to be notified to us under the DTRs. |
| b | Total shown includes 2,080,427 qualifying financial instruments to which voting rights are attached. |
| c | Total shown includes 1,431,074 qualifying financial instruments to which voting rights are attached. |
| d | Total shown includes 123,160 qualifying financial instruments to which voting rights are attached. |
| e | The Capital Group Companies, Inc. notified the Company on 13 January 2023 that it had increased its holding in the Company to 5.12%. |
The Company’s major shareholders have the same voting rights as other shareholders. The Company does not know of any arrangements the operation of which may result in a change in its control.
|
|
For further details on shareholder profiles see page 258. |
| Additional Information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 235 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Directors’ Report continued
The Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulations 2018
Set out below is our employee engagement statement and on page 237, our statement summarising how the Directors have had regard to the need to foster the Company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others.
|
|
Details of how the Directors have had regard to the matters set forth in Section 172(1)(a) to (f) of the Companies Act are provided on pages 100 and 101. |
Employee engagement statement
Our statement relates to IHG’s directly employed individuals and should be read in conjunction with our people section, Section 172 statement, Voice of the Employee and wider workforce remuneration and employee engagement disclosures on pages 29 to 33, 100 and 101, 111, 114, 117, 124 and 126.
During 2022, the main communication channels to provide information of concern to employees included weekly newsletters, virtual town halls, CEO and regional leadership calls, podcasts, blogs, email broadcasts, videos and business function team meetings.
Employees have been consulted and given opportunities to express their views and concerns through participation in the employee engagement survey, Voice of the Employee feedback sessions, ERGs, Next events (interactive sessions relating to IHG’s strategy and behaviours), quarterly performance, development and wellbeing meetings, team meetings and the Q&A session as part of the CEO quarterly business update call.
Each December, employees are invited to join the employee share plan. The plan is available to around 96% of our corporate employees below the senior/mid-management level (who receive LTIP and restricted stock units awards). Further details are on page 237.
Employees have been made aware of the financial and economic factors affecting the performance of the Company through quarterly business update calls with the CEO, as well as business function team meetings, and other regional leadership calls.
The Chair and other Directors have engaged with employees through a number of means, including direct interactions, Voice of the Employee sessions, Next events and a series of opportunities held during the year to meet Executive Directors via video meetings or in person.
Details of how Directors have had regard to employee interests, and the effect of that regard, including principal decisions taken by IHG during the year can be found on pages 100 and 101, 111, 114, 117, 124 and 126.
Employee numbers
Having a predominantly franchised and managed business model means that many of those people who work at hotels operated under our brands are not our employees. When the Group’s entire estate is taken into account (including those working in our franchised and managed hotels), approximately 345,000 people worked globally across IHG’s brands as at 31 December 2022.
The average number of IHG employees, including part-time employees, during 2022 were as follows:
| • | 7,047 people worldwide (including those in our corporate offices, central reservations offices and owned and leased hotels (excluding those in a category below)), whose costs were borne by the Group; |
| • | 5,655 people who worked directly on behalf of the System Fund and whose costs were borne by the System Fund; and |
| • | 13,178 General Managers and (in the US predominantly) other hotel workers, who work in managed hotels, who have contracts or are directly employed by IHG and whose costs are borne by those hotel owners. |
|
|
See note 4 of the Group Financial Statements on page 174. |
Employment of disabled persons
IHG continues to focus on providing an inclusive environment, in which employees are valued for who they are and what they bring to the Group, and in which talented individuals are retained through all levels of the organisation.
We look to appoint the most appropriate person for the job and are committed to providing equality of opportunity to all employees without discrimination. Every effort is made to ensure that applications for employment from disabled employees are fully and fairly considered and that disabled employees have equal opportunities to training, career development and promotion.
|
|
See our people disclosures on pages 29 to 33. | |
|
|
Visit www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for more information. |
2022 share awards and grants to employees
Our current policy is to settle the majority of awards or grants under the Company’s share plans with shares purchased in the market or from shares held in treasury; however, the Company continues to review this policy. The Company’s share plans incorporate the current Investment Association’s guidelines on dilution which provide that commitments to issue new shares or re-issue treasury shares under executive plans should not exceed 5%, and under all plans should not exceed 10%, of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company (adjusted for share issuance and cancellation) in any 10-year period. During the financial year ended 31 December 2022, the Company transferred 650,000 treasury shares (0.35%) of the total issued share capital to satisfy obligations under its share plans.
The estimated maximum dilution from awards made under the Company’s share plans over the last 10 years is 4.4%.
As at 31 December 2022, there were no options outstanding. The Company has not utilised the authority given by shareholders at any of its AGMs to allot shares for cash without first offering such shares to existing shareholders.
Employee share ownership trust (ESOT)
IHG operates an ESOT for the benefit of employees and former employees. The ESOT receives treasury shares from the Company and purchases ordinary shares in the market and releases them to current and former employees in satisfaction of share awards. During 2022, the ESOT released 708,078 shares and at 31 December 2022 it held 864,147 ordinary shares in the Company. The ESOT adopts a prudent approach to purchasing shares, using funds provided by the Group, based on expectations of future requirements.
Certain shares that have been allocated to share plan participants under the Annual Performance Plan (APP) are held in a nominee account on behalf of those participants by Computershares Investors Plc (Nominee). As at 31 December 2022 the Nominee held 235,132 forfeitable shares as part of the APP. The shares held by the Nominee have been allocated to share plan participants on terms that entitle those participants to request or require the Nominee to exercise the voting rights relating to those shares. The Nominee exercises those votes in accordance with the directions of the participants. Shares that have not been allocated to share plan participants under such terms are held by the ESOT and although the trustee has the right to vote or abstain from exercising their voting rights in relation to those shares, it has a policy of not voting, which is in line with guidelines. The trustee also has the right to accept or reject any offer relating to the shares, in any way it sees fit.
The Nominee holds ordinary shares in the Company, in the form of unvested share plan awards, allocated to Annual Performance Plan share plan participants. The number of shares can be found in note 27 to the Group Financial Statements on pages 209 and 210.
| 236 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Unless otherwise requested by the Company, the trustee of the ESOT waives all ordinary dividends on the shares held in the ESOT, other than shares which have been allocated to participants on terms which entitle them to the benefit of dividends, except for such amount per share as shall, when multiplied by the number of shares held by it on the relevant date, equal one pence or less.
Colleague Share Plan
The Company’s employee share plan, known as the Colleague Share Plan, was first introduced in 2019 following approval by shareholders at the Company’s 2019 AGM.
In accordance with the Colleague Share Plan Rules, participants’ contributions are used to purchase shares on a monthly basis on behalf of the individuals (Purchased Shares) and held within the Nominee. At the end of the Plan Year, the participants receive a conditional right to receive one share (Matching Share) for every one Purchased Share that they have purchased. Provided the participants hold the Purchased Shares in the Nominee until the second anniversary of the end of the Plan Year, the conditional right to Matching Shares will vest.
In 2022, 73 shares vested outside of the usual timetable due to deaths or good leavers, and in January 2023, over 26,200 shares vested as part of the second Plan Year. As at 17 February 2023, the Nominee held 33,255 Purchased Shares in relation to the third Plan Year.
Code of Conduct
The Code of Conduct (our Code) applies to all Directors, officers and employees and complies with the NYSE rules as set out in Section 406 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. Further details on our Code are set out in the Strategic Report on pages 41 and 42 and the Board’s oversight of the Code is set out on page 105.
Business relationships with suppliers, customers and others
Our business relationships with our guests, hotel owners and suppliers are fundamental to our commercial success. During the year, the Board considered matters related to them and had regard to the impact of decisions on them as detailed in the key matters discussed by the Board on pages 100 and 101. These included strategic and operational matters relating to our brand portfolio, loyalty strategy, technology and operating regions.
The Board monitors relationships through a mixture of presentations, reports and direct engagement. The Responsible Business Committee specifically reviews responsible procurement processes, targets and the Supplier Code of Conduct.
Details of how relationships have been maintained during the year are set out in the key stakeholder engagement tables on pages 38 and 39.
The Group is party to a technology agreement with Amadeus Hospitality Americas, Inc. (Amadeus), for the next generation central reservation system used by the Group. The initial term of 10 years will expire in 2028, and the Group has the right to extend this agreement for two additional periods of up to 10 years each on the same terms, conditions and pricing. The financial and performance obligations in this agreement are guaranteed by Amadeus IT Group S.A., the parent company of Amadeus.
Otherwise, there are no specific individual contracts or arrangements considered to be essential to the business of the Group as a whole.
Future business developments of the Group
|
|
Details on these are set out in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 88. |
Finance
Political donations
The Group made no political donations under the Companies Act during the year and proposes to maintain this policy in respect of such donations. The Group’s wider political donations policy continues to be kept under review.
Financial risk management
|
|
The Group’s financial risk management objectives and policies, including its use of financial instruments, are set out in note 23 to the Group Financial Statements on pages 199 to 203. |
Significant agreements and change of control provisions
The Group is a party to the following arrangements which could be terminated upon a change of control of the Company and which are considered significant in terms of their potential impact on the business of the Group as a whole:
| • | The $1.35 billion syndicated loan facility agreement dated 28 April 2022 and (unless extended) maturing in April 2027, under which a change of control of the Company would entitle each lender to cancel its commitment and declare all amounts due to it payable. |
| • | The 10-year £300 million bond issued by the Company on 14 August 2015, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued. |
| • | The 10-year £350 million bond issued by the Company on 24 August 2016, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued. |
| • | The 8.5-year €500 million bond issued by the Company on 15 November 2018, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued. |
| • | The four-year €500 million bond issued by the Company on 8 October 2020, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued. |
| • | The eight-year £400 million bond issued by the Company on 8 October 2020, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued. |
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Further details on material contracts are set out on page 250. |
Disclosure of information to Auditor
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For details, see page 140. |
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
By delivering more environmentally sustainable hotels, we create value for IHG, our hotel owners and all our stakeholders. We recognise the risks from climate change and the importance of reducing our carbon footprint and our 2030 Science Based Target (SBT) reflects this. Our SBT is approved by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and aligns with the most ambitious goals of the Paris Agreement to keep global warming within 1.5°C and requires us to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 46% across our Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, as well as our Scope 3 GHG emissions covering both our Fuel and Energy Related Activities (FERA) and Franchise estate. During 2022, we have maintained a reduction in our absolute GHG emissions, with our Scope 1 and 2 location-based emissions from our owned, leased, managed, managed lease hotels and corporate offices reducing by 7.1% from our 2019 base year. Total Scope 1, 2 and 3 GHG emissions from the whole estate fell by 3.4% from the base year (towards a 2030 reduction target of 46%). As the industry
| Additional Information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 237 |
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Additional Information
Directors’ Report continued
recovers, we will continue to focus on achieving our carbon reduction goals by delivering the actions outlined in our Transition Plan (see pages 56 to 57 for more details) which includes driving
energy efficiency improvements across our existing estate hotels and developing very low carbon and net-zero new-builds, as well as implementing, where possible, renewable energy solutions.
| 2022 |
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reporting boundary | Measure | Global | UK and UK offshore only |
Global | UK and UK offshore only |
Global | UK and UK offshore only |
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| Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions from operations under our direct control – IHG managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels and corporate offices. | Total Energy – fuel use from hotel operations and hotel transport services, purchased electricity, heat, steam and cooling (kWh) | 6,051,717,997 | 56,865,500 | 5,386,682,959 | 45,904,803 | 4,566,467,608 | 39,077,437 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy – fuel use from hotel operations and hotel transport services (kWh) | 2,093,660,811 | 27,407,539 | 2,035,865,452 | 23,563,410 | 1,537,208,264 | 20,155,641 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy – purchased electricity, heat, steam and cooling (kWh) | 3,958,057,186 | 29,457,961 | 3,350,817,507 | 22,341,393 | 3,029,259,244 | 18,921,795 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scope 1 Direct emissions (tCO2 e from fuel use and refrigerants) | 482,917 | 5,306 | 456,515 | 4,463 | 341,101 | 3,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scope 2 Indirect emissions, Location-based (tCO2 e from purchased energy) | 1,999,890 | 5,683 | 1,765,642 | 4,744 | 1,584,397 | 4,411 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scope 2 Indirect emissions, Market-based (tCO2 e from purchased energy) | 1,995,125 | 4,373 | 1,773,745 | 5,664 | 1,592,407 | 6,575 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Scope 1 and 2 emissions, Location-based (tCO2 e) | 2,482,807 | 10,989 | 2,222,158 | 9,207 | 1,925,498 | 8,199 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scope 1 and 2 intensity, Location-based (tCO2 e per ($000 revenue)* | 0.2742 | 0.0491 | 0.3312 | 0.0757 | 0.3603 | 0.1230 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scope 3 GHG Emissions from operations outside our direct operational control – franchised hotels. | Scope 3 Indirect emissions from franchised hotel operations (tCO2 e) | 2,972,102 | 119,594 | 2,884,212 | 128,447 | 2,199,529 | 111,831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scope 3 GHG Emissions from operations outside our direct operational control – Fuel and Energy Related Activities (FERA) emissions. | Scope 3 Indirect emissions from FERA (tCO2 e) | 732,731 | 2,846 | 624,281 | 2,510 | 396,487 | 1,528 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emissions from all operations – IHG franchised, managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels and corporate offices | Total scope 1, 2 and 3 (franchise) GHG emissions (tCO2 e) | 5,454,909 | 130,582 | 5,106,369 | 137,655 | 4,125,027 | 120,030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emissions from all operations – IHG franchised, managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels, corporate offices and FERA | Total scope 1, 2 and 3 (FERA and Franchise) GHG emissions (tCO2 e) | 6,187,640 | 133,428 | 5,730,651 | 140,165 | 4,521,514 | 121,558 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | This carbon intensity metric is calculated using total gross revenue generated by the owned, leased, managed lease and managed hotels. |
GHG Scope boundaries
We report Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions to the nearest tonne (tCO2e) as defined by the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard methodology, under the operational control approach:
| • | Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from the burning of fuels or from refrigerant losses from our owned, leased, managed, managed lease hotels and corporate offices. |
| • | Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions generated by the energy purchased or acquired from our owned, leased, managed, managed lease hotels and corporate offices. A location-based and market-based method has been used to calculate emissions as outlined in the table above. |
| • | Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions that occur in a company’s value chain. IHG report Scope 3 emissions category 3 – Fuel and Energy Related Activities (FERA) and category 14 – Franchises, which includes the Scope 1 and 2 emissions of our Franchise estate and their Scope 3 FERA emissions, as these emissions are covered by IHG’s Science Based Target (SBT). |
Methodology
We work with external consultants to give us a representative picture of IHG’s carbon footprint to assess IHG’s calendar year performance for the period 1 January to 31 December 2022, compared to previous years and our 2019 baseline year. Our consultants have used energy use data, as reported by hotels on IHG’s Green Engage system, combined with reported occupancy room night data for the period
1 January 2022 to 30 September 2022. To estimate our global energy use, outlier checks were completed, and a gap filling, and extrapolation methodology was applied, where necessary.
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Any missing datapoints for energy use were filled using average consumption per room night from the nearest 12-month period. Energy use for the final three months of 2022 has been estimated using an average consumption from the previous 12 months, applied to a projected number of occupied room nights to ensure that all hotels have a consumption figure corresponding to their likely occupancy. This approach was not used for fuel where it was not possible to determine whether data was missed or fuel was not used, or only purchased intermittently/seasonally. The IHG system size and number of occupied room nights used for our energy use estimations, was based on nine months of actual data and three months of data projections. The data projections used for quarter 4 of 2022 were based on operational forecasts and therefore do not directly correlate to the actual system size and occupancy data reported in the other sections of IHG’s Annual Report and Responsible Business Report. Estimating quarter 4 enables us to report verifiable data for the calendar year, and this aligns with our financial reporting period, to enable analysis of both financial and non-financial indicators for the same period. As IHG’s system size is continually changing, 2021, 2020, and 2019 data sets have been restated.
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For more information on our restatement method and 2019 data, see our ESG databook at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business/reporting |
To calculate our emissions, we use the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard methodology. Energy use (kWh) was converted to GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting Conversions and reported to the nearest tonne, in tCO2e, across Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions (as defined above). The most recent published emissions factors were used for all regions and applied to each energy data point to give associated GHG emissions. These were combined to produce average carbon footprints per occupied room night by region and region-brand group. Each average was calculated from the total carbon footprint in the group sample, divided by the total room nights in the group sample. For 2022, after outlier checks the sample covers 84% of UK hotels reporting energy use and 79% of our global hotels.
Energy reduction initiatives
IHG hotels globally use the IHG Green Engage system, a comprehensive online environmental management platform that helps them measure, track and report their utility consumption and carbon footprint, as well as providing over 200 ‘Green Solutions’
with detailed guidance to support hotels in reducing their energy, water and waste impacts. To comply with the IHG Green Engage standard, hotels are required among others to report their monthly energy consumption and complete key energy saving actions. In 2021, hotels were set an annual carbon reduction target to drive continuous improvement and in 2022 we have replaced this with a brand-new energy metric for hotels, which ensures the hotel targets set are relatable to hotels and within their control. To incentivise and facilitate our hotels reporting into Green Engage, IHG has been working on a more streamlined process for collecting centralised data. We have partnered with an energy specialist to collect data from utility companies or hotels directly and feed data directly into Green Engage, at no additional cost to our hotels. The information generated provides more accurate insights into a property’s performance and how it might save money, as well as strengthening hotel request for proposal (RFP) responses to corporate clients. In 2022, we updated our brand standards to integrate energy conservation measures (ECMs); these include high-efficiency, low-flow aerated showerheads and tap faucets, and LED lighting. We have also been working to develop our decarbonisation roadmap which outlines our plan to deliver our SBT, see further details of our Transition Plan on pages 56 and 57. Further to this, the 2023-2025 cycle for Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) measures will include a new ESG measure, part of which will be targets related to decarbonisation actions.
Hotel Energy Reduction Opportunities (HERO) tool
Being part of IHG means hotel owners receive a range of support to empower them with the knowledge and resources they need to meet their energy reduction targets, and in 2022 we launched the Hotel Energy Reduction Opportunities (HERO) toolkit to guide hotels on the most effective energy conservation measures for their specific building. This provides indicative capital costs, energy reductions and payback periods for each one based on the hotel’s facilities, climate and energy use. With the tool’s assessment taking only 10 minutes to complete, we are aiming to significantly expand its use across all our hotels in 2023, which we are facilitating through the addition of six more languages and the development of a separate HERO tool in Chinese for our Greater China region which includes China-specific climate zones.
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See our Responsible Business Report and ESG databook at www.Ihgplc.com/responsible-business/reporting |
Listing Rules – compliance with LR 9.8.4C
The below table sets out only those sections of LR 9.8.4C which are relevant. The remaining sections of LR 9.8.4 are not applicable.
| Section | Applicable sub-paragraph within LR 9.8.4C | Location | ||||||
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| 1 | Interest capitalised | Group Financial Statements, note 7, page 178 | ||||||
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| 4 | Details of long-term incentive schemes | Directors’ Remuneration Report, pages 114 to 136 | ||||||
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Going concern
An overview of the business activities of IHG, including a review of the key business risks that the Group faces, is given in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 88 and in the Group information on pages 240 to 251.
As at 31 December 2022 the Group had total liquidity of $2,224m, comprising $1,350m of undrawn bank facilities and $774m of cash and cash equivalents (net of overdrafts and restricted cash).
There remains a wide range of possible planning scenarios over the going concern period. The scenarios considered and assessment made by the Directors in adopting the going concern basis for preparing these financial statements is included on page 157.
Based on the assessment completed, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has sufficient resources to continue operating until at least 30 June 2024 and there are no material uncertainties that may cast doubt on the Group’s going concern status. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the Financial Statements.
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Please see the viability statement on pages 52 and 53. |
By order of the Board,
Nicolette Henfrey
Company Secretary
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
Registered in England and Wales, Company number 5134420
20 February 2023
| Additional Information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 239 |
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Additional Information
Group information
History and developments
The Company was incorporated and registered in England and Wales with registered number 5134420 on 21 May 2004 as a limited company under the Companies Act 1985 with the name Hackremco (No. 2154) Limited. In 2004/05, as part of a scheme of arrangement to facilitate the return of capital to shareholders, the following structural changes were made to the Group: (i) on 24 March 2005, Hackremco (No. 2154) Limited changed its name to New InterContinental Hotels Group Limited; (ii) on 27 April 2005, New InterContinental Hotels Group Limited re-registered as a public limited company and changed its name to New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC; and (iii) on 27 June 2005, New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC changed its name to InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and became the holding company of the Group.
The Group, formerly known as Bass, and then Six Continents, was historically a conglomerate operating as, among other things, a brewer, soft drinks manufacturer, hotelier, leisure operator, and restaurant, pub and bar owner. In 1988 Bass acquired Holiday Inn International and the remainder of the Holiday Inn brand in 1990. The InterContinental brand was acquired by Bass in 1998 and the Candlewood Suites brand was acquired by Six Continents in 2003.
On 15 April 2003, following shareholder and regulatory approval, Six Continents PLC separated into two new listed groups, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, comprising the hotels and soft drinks businesses, and Mitchells & Butler plc, comprising the retail and standard commercial property developments business.
The Group disposed of its interests in the soft drinks business by way of an initial public offering of Britvic (Britannia Soft Drinks Limited for the period up to 18 November 2005, and thereafter, Britannia SD Holdings Limited (renamed Britvic plc on 21 November 2005), which became the holding company of the Britvic Group on 18 November 2005), a manufacturer and distributor of soft drinks in the UK, in December 2005. The Group now continues as a stand-alone hotels business.
Recent acquisitions and divestitures
The Group made no acquisitions nor disposals in 2022. In 2021, the Group disposed of a portfolio of three EVEN Hotels in the Americas region resulting in a net cash inflow of $44m.
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Further information is included in note 11 to the Group Financial Statements on page 184. |
Capital expenditure
| • | Gross capital expenditure in 2022 totalled $161 million compared with $100 million in 2021 and $148 million in 2020, see page 231. |
| • | At 31 December 2022, capital committed (being contracts placed for expenditure on property, plant and equipment and intangible assets not provided for in the Group Financial Statements) totalled $6 million, see page 211. |
Risk factors
The Group is subject to a variety of inherent risks that may have an adverse impact on its business operations, financial condition, turnover, profits, brands and reputation. This section describes the main risks that could materially affect the Group’s business. The risks below are not the only ones that the Group faces. Some risks are not yet known to the Group and some risks that the Group does not currently believe to be material could later turn out to be material.
During 2022, the Group continued to face risks relating to macro external factors, including the impact of extended Covid-19 lockdowns in its Greater China market and then the sudden release of restrictions, continuing challenges with labour availability in key markets, exposure to ongoing geopolitical uncertainty and the war in Ukraine. These factors contributed to additional political, economic and financial market developments and uncertainties throughout 2022, including global supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures, increases to the cost of borrowing due to rising interest rates and cybersecurity.
Following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, the Group has now ceased all operations in Russia due to the ongoing and increasing challenges of operating there and consistent with evolving UK, US and EU sanction regimes. The Group continues to monitor the impact of the war in relation to our two hotels in Ukraine, one of which has remained open throughout the conflict.
While our strategy and ambition remains stable, the business is moving at a high speed as the industry recovers following the easing of Covid-19 restrictions. As a result, the Group must balance short-term execution and long-term goals, along with resilience in an environment of uncertainties relating to, for example, how it uses, stores, secures and transfers data; its ability to deliver innovation at scale and speed; owner preferences for and ability to invest in its brands; global and local supply chain efficiency and resiliency; and legal and regulatory complexity and litigation trends.
Several other factors will continue to remain important to the Group’s outlook, including those relating to operational resilience, such as the safety and security of hotel operations; guest preferences for branded hotel experiences and loyalty in a competitive industry where expectations can evolve rapidly and where booking windows remain short; and its ability to attract and retain talent and capability where key aspects of the Group’s growth ambitions and operations are dependent on access to experience and knowledge while salary inflation remains volatile.
The Group also faces emerging risks where the impact and likelihood are not yet fully understood or factors that may become significant in the medium- to long-term. This includes uncertainty linked to the rapidly evolving wider macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, including government policy and how this might impact travel patterns and business relationships.
To enable focus on the material risk factors facing the Group, the detail below has been organised under headings corresponding to the ordering of the principal risks outlined earlier in this document and considers the assessment of inherent risk trend and speed of potential impact on IHG objectives.
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The principal risks are on pages 47 to 51, the cautionary statements regarding forward-looking statements are on page 260 and financial and forward-looking information including note 8 on pages 179 to 183, and note 23 on pages 199 to 203. |
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1. Owner preferences for or ability to invest in our brands
The Group is exposed to a variety of risks related to identifying, securing and retaining franchise and management agreements
The Group’s growth strategy depends on its success in identifying, securing and retaining franchise and management agreements. This is an inherent risk for the hotel industry and the franchising business and management model. Competition with other hotel companies may generally reduce the number of suitable franchise, management and investment opportunities offered to the Group and increase the bargaining position of property owners seeking to become a franchisee or engage a manager. The terms of new franchise or management agreements may not be as favourable as current arrangements; the Group may not be able to renew existing arrangements on similarly favourable terms, or at all.
There can also be no assurance that the Group will be able to identify, retain or add franchisees to the IHG System, to secure management contracts or open hotels in our development pipeline. For example, the availability of suitable sites, market saturation, planning and other local regulations or the availability and affordability of finance, which has been exacerbated in 2022, may restrict the supply of suitable hotel development opportunities under franchise or management agreements and mean that not every hotel in our development pipeline may develop into a new hotel that enters our system. In connection with entering into franchise or management agreements, the Group may be required to make investments in, or guarantee the obligations of, third parties or guarantee minimum income to third parties. There are also risks that significant franchisees or groups of franchisees may have interests that conflict, or are not aligned, with those of the Group, including, for example, the unwillingness of franchisees to support individual or master brand or system improvement initiatives. This could result in franchisees prematurely terminating contracts, which could lead to disputes, litigation, damages and other expenses and would adversely impact the overall IHG System size and the Group’s financial performance.
The Group is exposed to the risks of hotel industry overcapacity
The future operating results of the Group could be adversely affected by industry overcapacity (by number of rooms) and weak demand due, for example, to additional Covid-19 restrictions on travel and customer confidence in business and leisure travel, whether related to pandemics, war, or otherwise, the cyclical nature of the hotel industry, other differences between planning assumptions and actual operating conditions, the cost-of-living crisis and changes in stakeholder expectations around environmental factors. These conditions could result in reductions in room rates and occupancy levels, which would adversely impact the financial performance of the Group.
2. Data and information usage, storage, security and transfer
The Group is exposed to cybersecurity and data privacy risks
The Group is increasingly dependent upon the collection, usage, retention, availability, integrity and confidentiality of information, including, but not limited to: guest, employee and owner credit card, financial and personal data, business performance, financial reporting and commercial development. The information is sometimes held in different formats, such as digital, paper, voice recordings and video, and could be stored in many places, including cloud-based storage and facilities managed by third-party service providers, in our Company managed hotels, and by our independently owned and operated hotels, that are all subject to the same or similar risks.
Cyber breaches increasingly appear to be an unfortunate reality for most firms and risks relating to cybersecurity appear to be heightened in light of the war in Ukraine. The threats towards the hospitality industry and the Group’s information are dynamic, and include cyber-attacks, fraudulent use, loss or misuse by employees and breaches of our vendors’ security arrangements, among others.
For example, in 2022, parts of the Group’s technology systems were subject to unauthorised activity, causing disruption to the Group’s booking channels and other applications. A putative class action suit has been filed by a small group of hotel owners related to the incident. This cybersecurity breach follows additional previous cybersecurity incidents of a different nature in 2016.
The legal and regulatory environment around data privacy and requirements set out by the payment card industry surrounding information security across the many jurisdictions in which the Group operates are constantly evolving (such as the EU GDPR, China cybersecurity law, and California privacy law). If the Group fails to protect information and ensure relevant controls are in place to enable the acceptable use and release of information through the appropriate channels in a timely and accurate manner, IHG System performance, guest experience and the reputation of the Group may be adversely affected. This could lead to revenue losses, fines, penalties, litigation and other additional costs.
We are also required to comply with marketing and advertising laws relating to our direct marketing practices, including email marketing, online advertising, and postal mailings. Further restrictions to the content or interpretations of these laws could adversely impact our current and planned activities and the effectiveness or viability of our marketing strategies to maintain, extend and acquire relationships with customers, and impact the amount and timing of our sales of certain products.
The Group is exposed to intellectual property risks
Given the importance of brand recognition to the Group’s business, the protection of its intellectual property poses a risk due to the variability and changes in controls, laws and effectiveness of enforcement globally, particularly in jurisdictions that may not have developed levels of protection for corporate assets, such as intellectual property, trade secret, know-how and customer information and records. Any widespread infringement, misappropriation or weakening of the control environment could materially harm the value of the Group’s brands and its ability to develop the business and compete currently or in the future. Third-party claims that we infringe their intellectual property could lead to disputes, litigation, damages and other expenses.
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For information of incidents relating to cybersecurity and data privacy, see pages 212 and 251. |
3. Our ability to deliver technological or digital performance or innovation (at scale, speed, etc.)
The Group is exposed to inherent risks in relation to changing technology and systems
As the use of the internet, artificial intelligence, mobile and data technology grows, and new and disruptive technology solutions are developed, customer needs and expectations evolve at pace. The Group may find that its evolving technology capability is not sufficient and may have to make substantial additional investments in new technologies or systems to remain competitive. Failure to keep pace with developments in technologies or systems, and also with regulatory, risk and ethical considerations of how these developments are used, may put the Group at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, the technologies or systems that the Group chooses to deploy may not be commercially successful or the technology or system strategy may not be sufficiently aligned with the needs of the business. Any such failure could adversely affect guest experiences, and the Group may lose customers, fail to attract new customers, impact our appeal to owners, incur substantial costs or face other losses. This could further impact the Group’s reputation in regards to innovation. (See also “2. Data and information usage, storage, security and transfer”.)
| Group information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 241 |
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Additional Information
Group information continued
Risk factors continued
The Group is exposed to competition from online travel agents and intermediaries
A proportion of the Group’s bookings originate from large multinational, regional and local online travel agents and intermediaries with which the Group has contractual arrangements and to which it pays commissions. These platforms offer a wide range of products, often across multiple brands, have growing booking and review capabilities, and may create the perception that they offer the lowest prices. Some of these online travel agents and intermediaries have strong marketing budgets and aim to create brand awareness and brand loyalty among consumers, which may impact the Group’s profitability, undermine the Group’s own booking channels and value to its hotel owners.
4. Global and local supply chain efficiency and resiliency
The Group is dependent upon a wide range of external stakeholders and business partners
The Group relies on the performance, behaviours and reputation of a wide range of business partners and external stakeholders, including, but not limited to, owners, contractors, lenders, suppliers, outsourced providers, vendors, joint-venture partners, online travel agents, third-party intermediaries and other business partners which may have different ethical values, interests and priorities. Further, the number and complexity of interdependencies with stakeholders is evolving. Breakdowns in relationships, contractual disputes, deterioration of the financial health of our partners, poor vendor performance, sub-standard control procedures, business continuity arrangements, insolvency, stakeholder behaviours or adverse reputations, which may be outside of the Group’s control, could adversely impact on the Group’s performance and competitiveness, delivery of projects, guest experiences or the reputation of the Group or its brands.
5. Legal and regulatory complexity or litigation trends
The Group is required to comply with existing and changing regulations and act in accordance with societal expectations across numerous countries, territories and jurisdictions
Government regulations affect countless aspects of the Group’s business including corporate governance, health and safety, the environment, social responsibility, bribery and corruption, employment law and diversity, franchise laws and regulation, disability access, data privacy and information protection, financial, accounting and tax. Regulatory changes may require significant changes in the way the business operates and may inhibit the Group’s strategy, including the markets the Group operates in, brand protection, and use or transmittal of personal data. If the Group fails to comply with existing or changing regulations, the Group may be subject to fines, prosecution, loss of licence to operate or reputational damage.
The Group is exposed to the risk of litigation
Certain companies in the Group are the subject of various claims and proceedings. The ultimate outcome of these matters is subject to many uncertainties, including future events and uncertainties inherent in litigation. In addition, the Group could be at risk of litigation claims made by many parties, including but not limited to: guests, customers, joint venture partners, suppliers, employees, regulatory authorities, franchisees and/or the owners of the hotels it manages. Claims filed may include requests for punitive damages as well as compensatory damages. Unfavourable outcomes of claims or proceedings could have a material adverse impact on the Group’s results of operations, cash flow and/or financial position. Exposure to significant litigation or fines may also affect the reputation of the Group and its brands. (See also legal proceedings on page 251.)
Domestic and international environmental laws and regulations may cause us to incur substantial costs or subject us to potential liabilities
The Group is exposed to certain compliance costs and potential liabilities under various foreign and US federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These laws and regulations govern actions and reporting requirements relating to matters including air emissions, the use, storage and disposal of hazardous and toxic substances, and wastewater disposal. The Group’s failure to comply with such laws, including any required permits or licences, could result in substantial fines or possible revocation of our authority to conduct some of our operations. We could also be liable under such laws for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at our currently or formerly franchised, managed, owned, leased or managed lease hotels or at third-party locations in connection with our waste disposal operations, regardless of whether or not we knew of, or caused, the presence or release of such substances. The Group may also be required to remediate such substances or remove, abate or manage asbestos, mould, radon gas, lead or other hazardous conditions at our properties. The presence or release of such toxic or hazardous substances could result in third-party claims for personal injury, property or natural resource damages, business interruption or other losses. Such claims and the need to investigate, remediate or otherwise address hazardous, toxic or unsafe conditions could adversely affect the Group’s operations, the value of any affected property, or our ability to sell, lease or assign our rights in any such property, or could otherwise harm our business or reputation. Environmental, health and safety requirements are increasingly stringent, and our costs may increase as a result.
The Group’s financial performance may be affected by changes in tax laws
Many factors will affect the Group’s future tax rate, the key ones being legislative developments, future profitability of underlying subsidiaries and tax uncertainties. Tax liabilities or refunds may also differ from those anticipated, in particular as a result of changes in tax law, changes in the interpretation of tax law, or clarification of uncertainties in the application of tax law. The Group continues to monitor significant tax reform proposals, most notably the development of the OECD’s ‘Pillar 2’ Global Anti-Base Erosion rules.
6. Ethical and social expectations
The Group’s reputation and the value of its brands are influenced by the perception of various stakeholders of the Group
The reputation of the Group and the value of its brands are influenced by a wide variety of factors, including the perception of stakeholder groups, such as guests, owners, suppliers and communities in which the Group operates. The social and environmental impacts of its business are under increasing scrutiny, and the Group is exposed to the risk of damage to its reputation if it fails to (or fails to influence its business partners to) undertake responsible practices and engage in ethical behaviour, or fails to comply with relevant regulatory requirements.
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7. Guest preferences for branded hotel experiences and loyalty
The Group is subject to a competitive and changing industry
The Group operates in a competitive industry and must compete effectively against traditional competitors such as other global hotel chains, local hotel companies and independent hotels to win the loyalty of guests, employees and owners. The competitive landscape also includes other types of businesses, both global and specific to certain markets, such as web-based booking channels (which include online travel agents and intermediaries), and alternative sources of accommodation such as short-term lets of private property. Failure to compete effectively in traditional and emerging areas of the business could impact the Group’s market share, system size, profitability and relationships with owners and guests. The hospitality industry has previously experienced consolidation and further such activity may result in such competitors having access to increased resources, capabilities or capacity and provide advantages from scale of revenues, marketing funds and/or cost structures.
The Group is reliant on the reputation of its existing brands and is exposed to inherent reputation risks
Any event that materially damages the reputation of one or more of the Group’s brands and/or fails to sustain the appeal of the Group’s brands to its customers and owners may have an adverse impact on the value of that brand and subsequent revenues from that brand or business. In particular, if the Group is unable to create consistent, valued and quality products and guest experiences across the franchised, managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels or if the Group, its franchisees or business partners fail to act responsibly, this could result in an adverse impact on its brand reputation. In addition, the value of the Group’s brands could be influenced by a number of external factors outside the Group’s control, such as, but not limited to, changes in sentiments against global brands, changes in applicable regulations related to the hotel industry or to franchising, successful commoditisation of hotel brands by online travel agents and intermediaries, or changes in owners’ perceptions of the value of the Group.
The Group is exposed to inherent uncertainties associated with brand development and expansion
In recent years the Group has launched or acquired a number of brands, such as EVEN Hotels, HUALUXE Hotels and Resorts, avid hotels, voco Hotels, Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants, Regent, Six Senses, Atwell Suites and Vignette Collection and has entered into an agreement with Iberostar. The Group also maintains co-branded credit card relationships to support the IHG Rewards programme and an exclusive loyalty partnership with Mr & Mrs Smith. Since the rollout, integration and growth of these brands (including associated loyalty programmes) is dependent on market conditions, guest preference and owner investment, as well as continued cooperation with third parties, there are inherent risks that we will be unable to recover costs incurred in developing or acquiring the brands or any new programmes or products, or those brands, programmes, or products will not succeed as we intend. The Group’s ongoing agenda to deliver industry-leading net rooms growth creates risks relating to the transition of systems, new or changed operating models, services and processes, and may result in failures to improve commercial performance, leading to financial loss and undermining stakeholder confidence.
8. Our ability to attract and retain talent and capability
The Group requires the right people, skills and capability to manage growth and change
In order to remain competitive, the Group relies upon hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with particular expertise or leadership capability. The Group’s strategic business plans could be undermined by failure to build and sustain a resilient corporate culture, failure to recruit or retain key personnel, unexpected loss of key senior employees, inadequate succession planning and incentive plans, or failure to invest in the development of key skills.
The Group must compete against other companies inside and outside the hospitality industry for suitably qualified or experienced employees, up to and including Executive Directors. Some of the markets in which the Group operates may experience economic growth and/or low levels of unemployment, pay compression, and there may be attractive roles and competitive rewards available elsewhere which limit the ability to attract and retain talent.
Some emerging markets may not have the required local expertise to operate a hotel, particularly for luxury and lifestyle brands, and may not be able to attract the right talent. Failure to attract and retain employees and increasing labour costs may threaten the ability to operate hotels and our corporate support functions, achieve business growth targets or impact the profitability of our operations. Additionally, unless the Group maintains a sufficient infrastructure to enable knowledge and skills to be passed on, the Group risks losing accumulated knowledge if key employees leave.
Collective bargaining activity could disrupt operations, increase our labour costs or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies
A significant number of the Group’s colleagues at its managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels in the US, Canada, Mexico, Grand Cayman and Dutch Antilles are covered by collective bargaining agreements and similar agreements. If relationships with those colleagues or the unions that represent them deteriorate, the properties we own, lease or manage could experience labour disruptions such as strikes, lockouts, boycotts and public demonstrations. Collective bargaining agreements representing half of our organised colleagues in the US expired during 2022. These agreements were successfully renegotiated and extended to 2024. Agreements in Los Angeles are expected to be renewed during 2023. Hotel sector union member participation continues to increase in key markets within the Americas region, which may require IHG to enter into new labour agreements as more employees become unionised in the future. Labour disputes, which are generally more likely when collective bargaining agreements are being renegotiated, could harm our relationship with our colleagues, result in increased regulatory inquiries and enforcement by governmental authorities and deter guests. Further, adverse publicity related to a labour dispute could harm our reputation and reduce customer demand for our services.
Labour regulation and the negotiation of new or existing collective bargaining agreements could lead to higher wage and benefit costs, changes in work rules that raise operating expenses, legal costs and limitations on our ability or the ability of our third-party property owners to take cost-saving measures during economic downturns. We do not have the ability to control the negotiations of collective bargaining agreements covering unionised labour employed by our third-party property owners and franchisees. Increased unionisation of our workforce, new labour legislation or changes in regulations could disrupt our operations, reduce our profitability or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies.
| Group information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 243 |
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Additional Information
Group information continued
Risk factors continued
9. Operational resilience to incidents or disruption or control breakdown (including safety and security, geopolitical, health-related and fraud)
The Group is exposed to a variety of risks associated with safety, security and crisis management
There is a constant need to protect the safety and security of our guests, employees and assets against natural and man-made threats. These include, but are not limited to, exceptional events, such as extreme weather, civil or political unrest, violence and terrorism, serious and organised crime, fraud, employee dishonesty, cyber crime, pandemics or contagious diseases (including but not limited to Covid-19), fire and day-to-day accidents, incidents and petty crime, which impact the guest or employee experience, could cause loss of life, sickness or injury and result in compensation claims, fines from regulatory bodies, litigation and impact reputation. Serious incidents or a combination of events could escalate into a crisis that, if managed poorly, could further expose the Group and its brands to significant reputational damage.
The Group is reliant upon the resilience of its reservation system and other key technology platforms and is exposed to risks that could disrupt their operation and/or integrity
The value of the Group is partly derived from the ability to drive reservations through its reservation system and technology platforms which are highly integrated with other processes and systems and linked to multiple sales channels, including the Group’s own websites, in-house and third-party managed call centres, hotels, third-party intermediaries and travel agents.
The scope and complexity of our technology infrastructure, including increasing reliance on third-party suppliers to support and protect our systems and information, as well as the rapidly evolving cyber threats, means that we are inherently vulnerable to physical damage, failures, disruptions, denial of service, phishing or other malware attacks, ransomware, cyber terrorism and fraud, as well as human error, negligence and wilful misuse. These risks may be heightened when these capabilities are provided off shore or in cloud-based environments. Our franchisees and suppliers are also inherently vulnerable to the same risks.
Lack of resilience and operational availability of these systems provided by the Group or third-party technology providers and inability or difficulty in updating existing or implementing new functionality could lead to prolonged service disruption. This might result in significant business interruption, impact the guest booking experience, lead to loss of or theft of data, and subsequently adversely impact Group revenues, incur financial costs to remediate or investigate, lead to regulatory and/or contractual enforcement actions or lawsuits, or damage the Group’s reputation and relationships with hotel owners.
The Group is exposed to political and economic developments
The Group is exposed to political, economic and financial market developments such as recession, inflation and availability and/or cost of credit (due to rising interest rates) and currency fluctuations that could lower revenues and reduce income. The outlook for 2023 may worsen due to continuing disruption from Covid-19 on domestic and international travel patterns; potential disruptions in the US economy; the impact of fluctuating commodity prices (including oil) on economies dependent on such exports; continued unrest in parts of the Middle East, Africa and Asia; the war in Ukraine; and barriers to global trade, including unforeseeable changes in regulations, imposition of tariffs or embargoes and other trade restrictions or controls. The interconnected nature of economies suggests any of these events, or other events, could trigger a recession that reduces leisure and business travel as demand for our services is closely associated with the performance of the general economy and is sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels. Decreased global or regional demand for hospitality products and services can be especially pronounced during economic downturns or low levels of economic growth, and the recovery period in our
industry may fail to keep pace with overall economic improvement. Such declines in demand for our products and services could adversely affect room rates and/or occupancy levels and other income-generating activities. Specifically, the Group is most exposed to the impact of political and economic risk factors in relation to the US market and to Greater China. The owners or potential owners of hotels franchised or managed by the Group face similar risks that could adversely impact their solvency and the Group’s ability to secure and retain franchise or management agreements.
Accordingly, the Group is particularly susceptible to adverse changes in these economies, as well as changes in their currencies. In addition to trading conditions, the economic outlook also affects the financial health of current and potential owners and their ability to access capital, which could impact existing operations, timely payment of IHG fees and the health of the pipeline.
The Group is exposed to continued disruption and consequences from the war in Ukraine
The Group has ceased all operations in Russia. Although these operations were not material to consolidated financial results, the Group continues to face uncertainty relating to the broader consequences of this conflict on global macroeconomic conditions. These uncertainties include the potential for governments to impose additional sanctions or other economic or military measures. Further expansion or escalation of military confrontations or related geopolitical tensions, including increased restrictions on global trade, could also result in, among other things, depressed or restricted travel demand, declines in consumer confidence and economic growth, an increased likelihood of cyber attacks or information technology disruption, supply chain disruptions, increases in inflation rates, changes to foreign currency exchange rates, constraints, volatility or disruption in financial markets, the decreased availability of raw materials, supplies, freight and labour, and uncertainty about economic and global stability.
The Group may face difficulties insuring its business
Historically, the Group has maintained insurance at levels determined to be appropriate in light of the cost of cover and the risk profile of the business. However, the Group’s claims experience and wider external market forces may limit the scope of coverage the Group can obtain and the Group’s ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Other forces beyond the Group’s control, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters, may be uninsurable or simply too expensive to insure. Inadequate or insufficient insurance carried by the Group, our owners or other partners for damage, other potential losses or liabilities to third parties involving properties that we own, manage or franchise could expose the Group to large claims or could result in the loss of capital invested in properties.
The Group is exposed to risks related to executing and realising benefits from strategic transactions, including acquisitions and restructuring
The Group may seek to make strategic transactions, including acquisitions, divestments or investments in the future. The Group may not be able to identify opportunities or complete transactions on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and may not realise the anticipated benefits from such transactions. Strategic transactions come with inherent valuation, financial and commercial risks, and regulatory and insider information risks during the execution of the transactions. The Group may also continue to make organisational adjustments to support delivery of our growth ambitions, including the integration of acquisitions into the Group’s operating processes and systems. This creates inherent risks of complexity and that any changes made could be unsustainable or that we are unable to achieve the return envisaged through reinvestment. In addition, the Group may face unforeseen costs and liabilities, diversion of management attention, as well as longer-term integration and operational risks, which could result in a failure to realise benefits, financial losses, lower employee morale and loss of talent.
| 244 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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The Group is exposed to a variety of risks associated with its financial stability and ability to borrow and satisfy debt covenants
While the strategy of the Group is to grow through activities that do not involve significant amounts of its own capital, the Group does require capital to fund some development opportunities, technological innovations and strategic acquisitions; and to maintain and improve owned, leased and managed lease hotels. The Group is reliant upon having financial strength and access to borrowing facilities to meet these expected capital requirements. The majority of the Group’s borrowing facilities are only available if the financial covenants in the facilities are complied with. Non-compliance with covenants could result in the Group’s lenders demanding repayment of the funds advanced and any undrawn facilities could be unavailable. If the Group’s financial performance does not meet market expectations, it may not be able to refinance existing facilities on terms considered favourable.
The Group’s operations are dependent on maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet all foreseeable medium-term requirements and provide headroom against unforeseen obligations
Cash and cash equivalents is held in short-term deposits and money market with short maturities. Most of the Group’s funds are held in the UK or US, although $24 million (2021: $77 million) is held in countries where repatriation is restricted as a result of foreign exchange regulations. Medium- and long-term borrowing requirements are met through committed bank facilities and bonds. Short-term borrowing requirements may be met from drawings under uncommitted overdrafts and facilities.
The Group is exposed to an impairment of the carrying value of our brands, goodwill or other tangible and intangible assets negatively affecting our consolidated operating results
Significant amounts of goodwill, intangible assets, right-of-use assets, property, plant and equipment, investments and contract assets are recognised on the Group balance sheet. We review the value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually (or whenever events or circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred). Changes to estimated values can result from political, economic and financial market developments or other shifts in the business climate, the competitive environment, the perceived reputation of our brands (by guests or owners), or changes in interest rates, operating cash flows, market capitalisation, or developments in the legal or regulatory environment.
Because of the significance of our goodwill and other non-current assets, we have incurred and may incur future impairment charges on these assets which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results or result in reversals of impairments not being correctly identified and recorded.
Due to significant challenges and uncertainty in the data associated with both risks and opportunities, the Group is not yet able to fully quantify the potential financial impacts of climate change. The Group continues to refine its workplan to enable quantification in the future and is focused on ensuring the identified risks and opportunities are integrated into our business strategy.
The Group is exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates, currency devaluations or restructurings and to interest rate risk in relation to its borrowings
The US dollar is the predominant currency of the Group’s revenue and cash flows. Movements in foreign exchange rates can affect the Group’s reported profit, net liabilities and interest cover. The most significant exposures of the Group are in currencies that are freely convertible. The Group’s reported debt has an exposure to borrowings held in pounds sterling (including €1,000 million euro bonds which have been swapped into sterling using currency swaps). Conducting business in currencies other than US dollars exposes us to fluctuations in exchange rates, currency devaluations, or restructurings. This could potentially lower our reported revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits or disrupt our operations.
Our exposure to these factors is linked to the pace of our growth in territories outside the US and, if the proportion of our revenues grows, this may increase the potential sensitivity to currency movements having an adverse impact on our results. The Group is also exposed to interest rate risk in relation to its fixed and floating rate borrowings and may use interest rate swaps to manage the exposure.
The Group could be affected by credit risk on treasury transactions
The Group uses long-term credit ratings from Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings as a basis for setting its counterparty limits. In order to manage the Group’s credit risk exposure, the treasury function sets counterparty exposure limits using metrics including credit ratings, the relative placing of credit default swap pricings, tier 1 capital and share price volatility of the relevant counterparty. The Group trades only with recognised, creditworthy third parties. It is the Group’s policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. In respect of credit risk arising from financial assets, the Group’s exposure to credit risk arises from default of the counterparty, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of these instruments. The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum exposure to credit risk.
10. The impact of climate change on hospitality
(physical and transition risks for IHG)
The Group is exposed to the risk of events or stakeholder expectations that adversely impact domestic or international travel, including climate change
The room rates and occupancy levels of the Group could be adversely impacted by events that reduce domestic or international travel, such as actual or threatened acts of terrorism or war, political or civil unrest, epidemics and pandemics or threats thereof, travel-related accidents or industrial action, natural or man-made disasters, or other local factors impacting specific countries, cities or individual hotels, as well as increased transportation and fuel costs. Additionally, the Group may be impacted by increasing stakeholder and societal expectations and attitudes in relation to factors contributing to climate change including overtravel and overtourism, and those linked directly to hotels including waste, water, energy, or impact on local communities. A decrease in the demand for business and/or leisure hotel rooms as a result of such events or attitudinal and demand shifts may have an adverse impact on the Group’s operations or growth prospects and financial results. In addition, inadequate planning, preparation, response or recovery in relation to a major incident or crisis may cause loss of life, prevent operational continuity, or result in financial loss, and consequently impact the value of our brands and/or the reputation of the Group.
The Group is exposed to risks relating to our commitments in relation to Climate Change
In line with our commitment to reduce our energy use and carbon emissions in line with climate science, the Group has implemented a 2030 science-based target to reduce absolute scope 1, 2, and scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions from fuel and energy-related activities and franchises by 46.2% by 2030 from a 2019 base year. This ambition is challenging to implement and will require significant transformation across IHG, hotel owners and supply chain partners, including investment in physical assets and operational procedures. If these changes, many of which are outside of IHG’s control, do not occur, the Group may have difficulty achieving its public commitments, which may impact the reputation of the Group.
| Group information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 245 |
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Additional Information
Group information continued
Directors’ and Executive Committee
members’ shareholdings
As at 17 February 2023: (i) Executive Directors had the number of beneficial interests in shares (including Directors’ share awards under IHG’s share plans) set out in the table on page 131; (ii) Non-Executive Directors had the number of beneficial interests in shares set out in the table on page 134; and (iii) Executive Committee members had the number of beneficial interests in shares (including members’ share awards under IHG’s share plans) set out in the table below. These shareholdings indicate all Directors’ or Executive Committee members’ beneficial interests and those held by their spouses and other connected persons. As at 17 February 2023, no Director or Executive Committee member held more than 1.0% of the total issued share capital. None of the Directors have a beneficial interest in the shares of any subsidiary.
| Executive Committee |
Number of shares held outright | APP deferred share awards | LTIP share awards (unvested) | Total number of shares held | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 Feb 2023 |
31 Dec 2022 |
31 Dec 2021 |
17 Feb 2023 |
31 Dec 2022 |
31 Dec 2021 |
17 Feb 2023 |
31 Dec 2022 |
31 Dec 2021 |
17 Feb 2023 |
31 Dec 2022 |
31 Dec 2021 |
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| Keith Barr | 93,263 | 93,263 | 81,830 | 29,090 | 29,090 | 26,696 | 173,441 | 173,441 | 143,231 | 295,794 | 295,794 | 251,757 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | 66,869 | 66,869 | 58,723 | 21,389 | 21,389 | 19,137 | 107,945 | 107,945 | 95,959 | 196,203 | 196,203 | 173,819 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elie Maalouf | 83,340 | 83,340 | 74,698 | 21,308 | 21,308 | 19,625 | 111,089 | 111,089 | 96,790 | 215,737 | 215,737 | 191,113 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Claire Bennett | 30,070 | 30,070 | 22,045 | 13,906 | 13,906 | 13,144 | 57,019 | 57,019 | 54,499 | 100,995 | 100,995 | 89,688 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jolyon Bulley | 52,164 | 52,164 | 52,164 | 14,228 | 14,228 | 10,219 | 57,380 | 57,380 | 53,683 | 123,772 | 123,772 | 116,066 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yasmin Diamond | 2,902 | 2,902 | 2,902 | 9,877 | 9,877 | 8,557 | 39,070 | 39,070 | 37,836 | 51,849 | 51,849 | 49,295 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nicolette Henfrey | 4,815 | 4,815 | 1,801 | 8,981 | 8,981 | 3,594 | 43,417 | 43,417 | 38,996 | 57,213 | 57,213 | 44,391 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wayne Hoare | 5,700 | 5,700 | 2,714 | 9,408 | 9,408 | 1,867 | 48,516 | 48,516 | 38,945 | 63,624 | 63,624 | 43,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kenneth Macpherson | 24,060 | 24,060 | 24,060 | 14,088 | 14,088 | 13,066 | 55,719 | 55,719 | 54,202 | 93,867 | 93,867 | 91,328 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George Turner | 37,059 | 37,059 | 30,100 | 14,052 | 14,052 | 12,920 | 57,616 | 57,616 | 55,070 | 108,727 | 108,727 | 98,090 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Executive Directors’ benefits upon termination of office
All current Executive Directors have a rolling service contract with a notice period from the Group of 12 months. As an alternative, the Group may, at its discretion, pay in lieu of that notice. Neither notice nor a payment in lieu of notice will be given in the event of gross misconduct.
Payment in lieu of notice could potentially include up to 12 months’ salary and the cash equivalent of 12 months’ pension contributions, and other contractual benefits. Where possible, the Group will seek to ensure that, where a leaver mitigates their losses by, for example, finding new employment, there will be a corresponding reduction in compensation payable for loss of office.
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Visit www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy section, for further details about the determination of termination payments in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy. |
| 246 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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Description of securities other than equity securities
Fees and charges payable to a depositary
| Category (as defined by SEC) |
Depositary actions | Associated fee | ||||||
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| Depositing or substituting the underlying shares | Each person to whom ADRs are issued against deposits of shares, including deposits and issuances in respect of:
• Share distributions, stock splits, rights, mergers
• Exchange of securities or any other transactions or event or other distribution affecting the ADSs or the deposited securities |
$5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) | ||||||
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| Receiving or | Distribution of stock dividends | $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) | ||||||
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| distributing dividends | Distribution of cash | $0.05 or less per ADS (or portion thereof) | ||||||
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| Selling or exercising rights | Distribution or sale of securities, the fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been charged as a result of the deposit of such securities | $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) | ||||||
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| Withdrawing an underlying security | Acceptance of ADRs surrendered for withdrawal of deposited securities | $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) | ||||||
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| Transferring, splitting or grouping receipts | Transfers, combining or grouping of depositary receipts | $1.50 per ADS | ||||||
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| General depositary services, particularly those charged on an annual basis | Other services performed by the depositary in administering the ADRs | $0.05 per ADS (or portion thereof) not more than once each calendar year and payable at the sole discretion of the ADR Depositary by billing ADR holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions | ||||||
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| Expenses of the depositary | Expenses incurred on behalf of ADR holders in connection with:
• Compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment
• The ADR Depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with applicable laws, rules or regulations
• Stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges
• Cable, telex, facsimile transmission/delivery
• Transfer or registration fees in connection with the deposit and withdrawal of deposited securities
• Expenses of the ADR Depositary in connection with the conversion of foreign currency into US dollars (which are paid out of such foreign currency)
• Any other charge payable by the ADR Depositary or its agents |
Expenses payable at the sole discretion of the ADR Depositary by billing ADR holders or by deducting charges from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions are $20 per transaction | ||||||
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Fees and charges payable by a depositary
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A. (the ADR Depositary) is the depositary for IHG’s ADR programme. The ADR Depositary’s principal executive office is at: J.P. Morgan Depositary Receipts, 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, NY 10179. The ADR Depositary has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable Company expenses related to the Company’s ADR programme and incurred by the Company in connection with the ADR programme. The Company did not receive any payments from the ADR Depositary during the year ended 31 December 2022 in respect of legal, accounting and other fees incurred in connection with the preparation of the Annual Report and Form 20-F, ongoing SEC compliance and listing requirements, investor relations programmes, and advertising and public relations expenditure.
| Group information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 247 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Group information continued
Articles of Association
The Company’s Articles of Association (the Articles) were first adopted with effect from 27 June 2005 and were most recently amended at the AGM held on 7 May 2020 and are available on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. The following summarises material rights of holders of the Company’s ordinary shares under the material provisions of the Articles and English law. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Companies Act and the Articles.
The Company’s shares may be held in certificated or uncertificated form. No holder of the Company’s shares will be required to make additional contributions of capital in respect of the Company’s shares in the future.
In the following description, a ‘shareholder’ is the person registered in the Company’s register of members as the holder of the relevant share.
Principal objects
The Company is incorporated under the name InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and is registered in England and Wales with registered number 5134420. The Articles do not restrict its objects or purposes.
Directors
Under the Articles, a Director may have an interest in certain matters (‘Permitted Interest’) without the prior approval of the Board, provided they have declared the nature and extent of such Permitted Interest at a meeting of the Directors or in the manner set out in Section 184 or Section 185 of the Companies Act.
Any matter in which a Director has a material interest, and which does not comprise a Permitted Interest, must be authorised by the Board in accordance with the procedure and requirements contained in the Articles. In particular, this includes the requirement that a Director may not vote on a resolution to authorise a matter in which they are interested, nor may they count in the quorum of the meeting at which such business is transacted.
Further, a Director may not vote in respect of any proposal in which they, or any person connected with them, has any material interest other than by virtue of their interests in securities of, or otherwise in or through, the Company, nor may they count in the quorum of the meeting at which such business is transacted. This is subject to certain exceptions, including in relation to proposals: (a) indemnifying them in respect of obligations incurred on behalf of the Company; (b) indemnifying a third party in respect of obligations of the Company for which the Director has assumed responsibility under an indemnity or guarantee; (c) relating to an offer of securities in which they will be interested as an underwriter; (d) concerning another body corporate in which the Director is beneficially interested in less than one per cent of the issued shares of any class of shares of such a body corporate; (e) relating to an employee benefit in which the Director will share equally with other employees; and (f) relating to liability insurance that the Company is empowered to purchase for the benefit of Directors of the Company in respect of actions undertaken as Directors (or officers) of the Company.
The Directors have authority under the Articles to set their own remuneration (provided certain criteria are met). While an agreement to award remuneration to a Director is an arrangement with the Company that comprises a Permitted Interest (and therefore does not require authorisation by the Board in that respect), it is nevertheless a matter that would be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest between the Director concerned and the Company, and such conflict must be authorised by a resolution of the Board. The Director that is interested in such a matter may neither vote on the resolution to authorise such conflict, nor count in the quorum of the meeting at which it was passed. Furthermore, as noted above, the interested Director is not permitted to vote in respect of any proposal in which they have any material interest (except in respect of the limited exceptions outlined above) nor may they count in the quorum of the meeting at which such business is transacted.
As such, a Director has no power, in the absence of an independent quorum, to vote on compensation to themselves, but may vote on a resolution (and may count in the quorum of the meeting at which it was passed) to award compensation to Directors provided those arrangements do not confer a benefit solely on them.
The Directors are empowered to exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money, subject to any limitation in the Articles, unless sanctioned by an ordinary resolution of the Company. At the Company’s AGM on 7 May 2021, shareholders approved the amendment of the borrowing limit in the Articles from an amount equal to three times the share capital and consolidated reserves, to $5 billion.
Under the Articles, there are no age-limit requirements relating to a person’s qualification to hold office as a Director of the Company.
Directors are not required to hold any shares of the Company by way of qualification.
The Articles require annual retirement and re-election of all Directors at the AGM.
Rights attaching to shares
Dividend rights and rights to share in the Company’s profits
Under English law, dividends are payable on the Company’s ordinary shares only out of profits available for distribution, as determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the UK and by the Companies Act. No dividend will bear interest as against the Company.
Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the shareholders in general meeting, rateably according to the amounts paid up on such shares, provided that the dividend cannot exceed the amount recommended by the Directors.
The Company’s Board of Directors may declare and pay to shareholders such interim dividends as appear to them to be justified by the Company’s financial position. If authorised by an ordinary resolution of the shareholders, the Board of Directors may also direct payment of a dividend in whole or in part by the distribution of specific assets (and in particular of paid-up shares or debentures of any other company).
Any dividend unclaimed by a member (or by a person entitled by virtue of transmission on death or bankruptcy or otherwise by operation of law) after six years from the date the dividend was declared, or became due for payment, will be forfeited and will revert to the Company.
Voting rights
The holders of ordinary shares are entitled, in respect of their holdings of such shares, to receive notice of general meetings and to attend, speak and vote at such meetings in accordance with the Articles.
Voting at any general meeting of shareholders is by a show of hands unless a poll, which is a written vote, is duly demanded. On a show of hands, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy at a general meeting has one vote regardless of the number of shares held. Resolutions put to the members at electronic general meetings shall be voted on by a poll, which poll votes may be cast by such electronic means as the Board in its sole discretion deems appropriate for the purposes of the meeting.
On a poll, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy has one vote for every share held by that shareholder. A poll may be demanded by any of the following:
| • | the Chair of the meeting; |
| • | at least five shareholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting; |
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| • | any shareholder or shareholders present in person or by proxy representing in the aggregate not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting; or |
| • | any shareholder or shareholders present in person or by proxy holding shares conferring a right to vote at the meeting and on which there have been paid up sums in the aggregate at least equal to one-tenth of the total sum paid up on all the shares conferring that right. |
A proxy form will be treated as giving the proxy the authority to demand a poll, or to join others in demanding one.
The necessary quorum for a general meeting is two persons carrying a right to vote upon the business to be transacted, whether present in person or by proxy.
Matters are transacted at general meetings of the Company by the proposing and passing of resolutions, of which there are two kinds:
| • | an ordinary resolution, which includes resolutions for the election of Directors, the approval of financial statements, the cumulative annual payment of dividends, the appointment of the Auditor, the increase of share capital or the grant of authority to allot shares; and |
| • | a special resolution, which includes resolutions amending the Articles, disapplying statutory pre-emption rights, modifying the rights of any class of the Company’s shares at a meeting of the holders of such class or relating to certain matters concerning the Company’s winding up or changing the Company’s name. |
An ordinary resolution requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes of those persons present and entitled to vote at a meeting at which there is a quorum.
Special resolutions require the affirmative vote of not less than three-quarters of the persons present and entitled to vote at a meeting at which there is a quorum.
AGMs must be convened upon advance written notice of 21 days. Other meetings must be convened upon advance written notice of 14 days. The days of delivery or receipt of the notice are not included. The notice must specify the nature of the business to be transacted.
The Board of Directors may, if they choose, make arrangements for shareholders, who are unable to attend the place of the meeting, to participate at other places or to allow for shareholders to attend and participate in shareholder meetings by electronic means.
Variation of rights
If, at any time, the Company’s share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class may be varied, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, with the consent in writing of holders of three-quarters in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or upon the adoption of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. At every such separate meeting, all of the provisions of the Articles relating to proceedings at a general meeting apply, except that the quorum is to be the number of persons (which must be two or more) who hold or represent by proxy not less than one-third in nominal value of the issued shares of that class.
Rights in a winding-up
Except as the Company’s shareholders have agreed or may otherwise agree, upon the Company’s winding up, the balance of assets available for distribution is to be distributed among the holders of ordinary shares according to the amounts paid up on the shares held by them:
| • | after the payment of all creditors including certain preferential creditors, whether statutorily preferred creditors or normal creditors; and |
| • | subject to any special rights attaching to any class of shares. |
This distribution is generally to be made in cash. A liquidator may, however, upon the adoption of a special resolution of the shareholders, divide among the shareholders the whole or any part of the Company’s assets in kind.
Limitations on voting and shareholding
There are no limitations imposed by English law or the Articles on the right of non-residents or foreign persons to hold or vote the Company’s ordinary shares or ADSs, other than the limitations that would generally apply to all of the Company’s shareholders.
Working Time Regulations 1998
In the UK, many employees of Group companies are covered by the Working Time Regulations which came into force on 1 October 1998. These regulations implemented the EU Working Time Directive and parts of the Young Workers Directive, and lay down rights and protections for employees in areas such as maximum working hours, minimum rest time, minimum days off and paid leave. The Working Time Regulations continue to apply in the UK following the UK’s exit from the EU as retained EU law under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, as amended.
In the UK, there is in place a national minimum wage under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998, as amended. At 31 December 2022, the minimum wage for individuals aged 18 to 20 was £6.83 per hour, aged 21 to 22 was £9.18 per hour and for those aged 23 or over was £9.50 per hour in each case, excluding apprentices aged under 19 years or, otherwise, in the first year of their apprenticeships.
This particularly impacts businesses in the hospitality and retailing sectors. Compliance with the National Minimum Wage Act is being monitored by the Low Pay Commission, an independent statutory body established by the UK Government.
None of the Group’s UK employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with trade unions.
Continual attention is paid to the external market in order to ensure that terms of employment are appropriate. The Group believes the Group companies will be able to conduct their relationships with trade unions and employees in a satisfactory manner.
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Additional Information
Group information continued
Material contracts
The following contracts have been entered into otherwise than in the course of ordinary business by members of the Group: (i) in the two years immediately preceding the date of this document in the case of contracts which are or may be material; or (ii) that contain provisions under which any Group member has any obligation or entitlement that is material to the Group as at the date of this document. To the extent that these agreements include representations, warranties and indemnities, such provisions are considered standard in an agreement of that nature, save to the extent identified below.
Syndicated Facility
On 28 April 2022, the Company signed a five-year $1.35 billion bank facility agreement (Syndicated Facility) with Bank of America Europe Designated Activity Company, Bank of China Limited, London Branch, Barclays Bank PLC, BNP Paribas, London Branch, Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft, London Branch, DBS Bank Ltd, London Branch, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., MUFG Bank, Ltd., Standard Chartered Bank, Truist Securities, Inc., Unicredit Bank AG, U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., London Branch all acting as lenders, mandated lead arrangers and joint bookrunners and MUFG Bank, Ltd. as facility agent. The interest margin payable on borrowings under the Syndicated Facility is linked to the long-term credit rating assigned to the senior unsecured and unsubordinated debt of the Company. The margin can vary between the applicable reference rate + 0.50% and the applicable reference rate + 1.00% depending on the credit rating. The Syndicated Facility was undrawn as at 31 December 2022.
£3 billion Euro Medium Term Note programme
In 2020, the Group updated its Euro Medium Term Note programme (Programme) and issued a tranche of €500 million 1.625% notes due 8 October 2024 (2020 Euro Issuance) and a tranche of £400 million 3.375% notes due 8 October 2028 (2020 GBP Issuance).
On 14 September 2020, an amended and restated trust deed (Trust Deed) was executed by InterContinental Hotels Group PLC as issuer (Issuer), Six Continents Limited and InterContinental Hotels Limited as guarantors (Guarantors) and HSBC Corporate Trustee Company (UK) Limited as trustee (Trustee), pursuant to which the trust deed dated 27 November 2009, as supplemented by four supplemental trust deeds dated 7 July 2011, 9 November 2012, 16 June 2015 and 11 August 2016 between the same parties relating to the Programme, were amended and restated. Under the Trust Deed, the Issuer may issue notes (Notes) unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by the Guarantors, up to a maximum nominal amount from time to time outstanding of £3 billion (or its equivalent in other currencies).
Notes are to be issued in series (each a Series) in bearer form. Each Series may comprise one or more tranches (each a Tranche) issued on different issue dates. A Tranche of Notes may be issued on the terms and conditions set out in a base prospectus as amended and/or supplemented by a document setting out the final terms (Final Terms) of such Tranche or in a separate prospectus specific to such Tranche.
Under the Trust Deed, each of the Issuer and the Guarantors has given certain customary covenants in favour of the Trustee.
The Final Terms issued under each of the 2020 Euro Issuance and the 2020 GBP Issuance provide that the holders of the Notes have the right to repayment if the Notes (a) become non-investment grade within the period commencing on the date of announcement of a change of control and ending 90 days after the change of control (Change of Control Period) and are not subsequently, within the Change of Control Period, reinstated to investment grade; (b) are downgraded from a non-investment grade and are not reinstated to its earlier credit rating or better within the Change of Control Period; or (c) are not credit rated and do not become investment grade credit rated by the end of the Change of Control Period.
On 14 September 2020, the Issuer and the Guarantors entered into an amended and restated agency agreement (Agency Agreement) with HSBC Bank plc as principal paying agent and the Trustee, pursuant to which the Issuer and the Guarantors appointed paying agents and calculation agents in connection with the Programme and the Notes.
Under the Agency Agreement, each of the Issuer and the Guarantors has given a customary indemnity in favour of the paying agents and the calculation agents.
On 14 September 2020, the Issuer and the Guarantors entered into an amended and restated dealer agreement (Dealer Agreement) with HSBC Bank plc as arranger and Barclays Bank PLC, Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft, HSBC Bank plc, Merrill Lynch International, MUFG Securities EMEA plc, Truist Securities, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities International Limited as dealers (Dealers), pursuant to which the Dealers were appointed in connection with the Programme and the Notes.
Under the Dealer Agreement, each of the Issuer and the Guarantors has given customary warranties and indemnities in favour of the Dealers.
Exchange controls and restrictions on payment of dividends
There are no restrictions on dividend payments to US citizens.
Although there are currently no UK foreign exchange control restrictions on the export or import of capital or the payment of dividends on the ordinary shares or the ADSs, economic sanctions which may be in force in the UK from time to time impose restrictions on the payment of dividends to persons resident (or treated as so resident) in or governments of (or persons exercising public functions in) certain countries.
Other than economic sanctions which may be in force in the UK from time to time, there are no restrictions under the Articles of Association or under English law that limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote the ordinary shares or the ADSs. In addition, the Articles contain certain limitations on the voting and other rights of any holder of ordinary shares whose holding may, in the opinion of the Directors, result in the loss or failure to secure the reinstatement of any licence or franchise from any US governmental agency held by Six Continents Hotels, Inc. or any subsidiary thereof.
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Legal proceedings
Group companies have extensive operations in the UK, as well as internationally, and are involved in a number of legal claims and proceedings incidental to those operations. These legal claims and proceedings are in various stages and include disputes related to specific hotels where the potential materiality is not yet known. It is the Company’s view that such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, have not in the recent past and are not likely to have a significant effect on the Group’s financial position or profitability.
Notwithstanding the above, the Company notes the matters set out below, which are ongoing. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and, as of 20 February 2023, unless stated otherwise, the outcome of these matters cannot be reasonably determined.
A claim was filed on 5 July 2016 by CPTS Hotel Lessee, LLC (CPTS) against Holiday Hospitality Franchising, LLC (HHF). The claimant alleges breach of the licence agreement and seeks a declaratory judgement from the court that it has the right to terminate its licence with HHF. HHF and InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc. filed a claim against CPTS Hotel Lessee, LLC also seeking a declaratory judgement and alleging breach of contract and fraud. On 1 May 2018, the court granted IHG’s motion for preliminary injunction and ruled that the licence agreement at issue is not terminable at will by CPTS. As of 20 February 2023, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined, and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss.
A claim was filed on 26 June 2017 against InterContinental Hotels Corporation, InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc., and InterContinental Hotels Group (Canada), Inc. seeking class action status and alleging breach of fiduciary duty, negligence, breach of confidence, intrusion upon seclusion, breach of contract, breach of privacy legislation, and unjust enrichment regarding an alleged data breach. The claim was amended in March 2018 to name Six Continents Hotels, Inc. as the sole defendant. The claimant alleges that security failures allowed customers’ financial information to be compromised. As of 20 February 2023, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined, and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss.
A claim was filed on 5 April 2019 and amended on 16 December 2019 against Kimpton seeking class action status and alleging harm related to the compromise of personal information due to a data security breach. The allegations relate to a breach of the reservation system previously used by Kimpton. This matter has been resolved.
Seven claims were filed in March 2022 against Holiday Hospitality Franchising LLC, Six Continents Hotels, Inc., and the IHG Owner’s Association, seeking class action status on behalf of IHG franchisees. Following dismissal of two claims and consolidation of the remaining, an amended claim was filed against Holiday Hospitality Franchising LLC and Six Continents Hotels, Inc., alleging claims for breach of contract, breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of fiduciary duty, declaratory judgement, violation of the Sherman Act and demand for accounting. The claims allege that IHG, as franchisor, is engaged in unlawful business practices relating to numerous programmes, products and requirements which are purportedly part of IHG’s franchise system. As of 20 February 2023, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss.
A claim was filed on 15 September 2022 against Holiday Hospitality Franchising LLC, Six Continents Hotels, Inc., and IHG Technology Solutions, Inc. seeking class action status and damages for alleged claims for breach of contract, deceptive trade practices under state law, negligence and unjust enrichment. The allegations relate to the criminal, unauthorised access into IHG’s systems. As of 20 February 2023, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined, and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss.
An arbitration was filed on December 11, 2022, alleging that Holiday Inns Middle East Limited breached its contractual obligations by causing delay in relation to the opening of a hotel. The claim seeks monetary damages for various alleged losses. As of 20 February 2023, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined, and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss.
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Additional Information
Shareholder information
Taxation
This section provides a summary of material US federal income tax and UK tax consequences to the US holders, described below, of owning and disposing of ordinary shares or ADSs of the Company. This section addresses only the tax position of a US holder who holds ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets. This section does not, however, discuss all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to any particular US holder, such as the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (IR Code) known as the Medicare Contribution tax or tax consequences to US holders subject to special rules, such as:
| • | certain financial institutions; |
| • | insurance companies; |
| • | dealers and traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting; |
| • | persons holding ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a straddle, conversion transaction, integrated transaction or wash sale, or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the ordinary shares or ADSs; |
| • | persons whose functional currency for US federal income tax purposes is not the US dollar; |
| • | partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for US federal income tax purposes; |
| • | persons liable for the alternative minimum tax; |
| • | tax-exempt organisations; |
| • | persons who acquired the Company’s ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise in connection with employment; and |
| • | persons who, directly or indirectly, own ordinary shares or ADSs representing 10% or more of the Company’s voting power or value. |
This section does not generally deal with the position of a US holder who is resident in the UK for UK tax purposes or who is subject to UK taxation on capital gains or income by virtue of carrying on a trade, profession or vocation in the UK through a branch, agency or permanent establishment to which such ADSs or ordinary shares are attributable (‘trading in the UK’).
As used herein, a ‘US holder’ is a person who, for US federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or ADSs and is: (i) a citizen or individual resident of the US; (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organised in or under the laws of the US, any state therein or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate whose income is subject to US federal income tax regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust, if a US court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more US persons are authorised to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
This section is based on the IR Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, and on UK tax laws and the published practice of HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC), all as of the date hereof. These laws, and that practice, are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.
This section is further based in part upon the representations of the ADR Depositary and assumes that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. For US federal income tax purposes, an owner of ADRs evidencing ADSs will generally be treated as the owner of the underlying shares represented by those ADSs. For UK tax purposes, in practice, HMRC will also regard holders of ADSs as the beneficial owners of the ordinary shares represented by those ADSs (although case law has cast some doubt on this). The discussion below assumes that HMRC’s position is followed.
Generally, exchanges of ordinary shares for ADSs, and ADSs for ordinary shares, will not be subject to US federal income tax or UK taxation on capital gains, although UK stamp duty or stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) may arise as described below.
Investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the US federal, state and local, the UK and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of ordinary shares or ADSs in their particular circumstances.
The following disclosures assume that the Company is not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company (PFIC), except as described below.
Taxation of dividends
UK taxation
Under current UK tax law, the Company will not be required to withhold tax at source from dividend payments it makes.
A US holder who is not resident for UK tax purposes in the UK and who is not trading in the UK will generally not be liable for UK taxation on dividends received in respect of the ADSs or ordinary shares.
US federal income taxation
A US holder is generally subject to US federal income taxation on the gross amount of any dividend paid by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for US federal income tax purposes). Distributions in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for US federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the US holder’s basis in the shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. Because the Company has not historically maintained, and does not currently maintain, books in accordance with US tax principles, the Company does not expect to be in a position to determine whether any distribution will be in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits as computed for US federal income tax purposes. As a result, it is expected that amounts distributed will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as dividends.
Subject to applicable limitations, dividends paid to certain non-corporate US holders will be taxable at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gain if the dividends constitute ‘qualified dividend income’. The Company expects that dividends paid by the Company with respect to the ADSs will constitute qualified dividend income. Non-corporate US holders should consult their own tax advisers to determine whether they are subject to any special rules that limit their ability to be taxed at these preferential rates.
Dividends must be included in income when the US holder, in the case of shares, or the ADR Depositary, in the case of ADSs, actually or constructively receives the dividend, and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to US corporations in respect of dividends received from other US corporations. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, dividends will generally be income from sources outside the US.
The amount of any dividend paid in pounds sterling will be the US dollar value of the sterling payments made, determined at the spot sterling/US dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into US dollars. If the dividend is converted into US dollars on that date, a US holder should not be required to recognise foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in income to the date the payment is converted into US dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss from sources within the US.
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Taxation of capital gains
UK taxation
A US holder who is not resident for UK tax purposes in the UK and who is not trading in the UK will not generally be liable for UK taxation on capital gains, or eligible for relief for allowable losses, realised or accrued on the sale or other disposal of ADSs or ordinary shares. A US holder of ADSs or ordinary shares who is an individual and who, broadly, has temporarily ceased to be resident in the UK or has become temporarily treated as non-resident for UK tax purposes for a period of not more than five years and who disposes of ordinary shares or ADSs during that period may, for the year of assessment when that individual becomes resident again in the UK, be liable to UK tax on capital gains (subject to any available exemption or relief), notwithstanding the fact that such US holder was not treated as resident in the UK at the time of the sale or other disposal.
US federal income taxation
A US holder who sells or otherwise disposes of ordinary shares or ADSs will recognise a capital gain or loss for US federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realised and its tax basis in the ordinary shares or ADSs, each determined in US dollars. Such capital gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss where the US holder has a holding period greater than one year. Losses may also be treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of certain ‘extraordinary dividends’ that qualified for the preferential tax rates on qualified dividend income described above. The capital gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the US for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
PFIC rules
Based on the manner in which the Group operates its business and estimates of the value of its assets (which estimates are based, in part, on the market value of the Company’s ADSs) the Company believes that it was not a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes for its 2022 taxable year. However, the Company’s PFIC status is an annual factual determination and thus may be subject to change. If the Company were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a US holder owned ordinary shares or ADSs, gain realised on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs would, in general, not be treated as capital gain. Instead, gain would be treated as if the US holder had realised such gain rateably over the holding period for the ordinary shares or ADSs and, to the extent allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and to any year before the Company became a PFIC, would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect (for individuals or corporations, as applicable) for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. In addition, similar rules would apply to any ‘excess distribution’ received on the ordinary shares or ADSs (generally, the excess of distributions received on the ordinary shares or ADSs during the taxable year over 125% of the average amount of distributions received during a specified prior period). The preferential rates for qualified dividend income described above would not apply if the Company were a PFIC for the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year.
Certain elections may be available (including a market-to-market election) to US holders that would result in alternative treatments of the ordinary shares or ADSs. If the Company were a PFIC for any taxable year in which a US holder held ordinary shares or ADSs, a US holder would generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 with their annual US federal income tax returns, subject to certain exceptions.
Additional tax considerations
UK inheritance tax
An individual who is neither domiciled nor deemed domiciled in the UK is only chargeable to UK inheritance tax to the extent the individual owns assets situated in the UK. As a matter of UK law, it is not clear whether the situs of an ADS for UK inheritance tax purposes is determined by the place where the depositary is established and records the entitlements of the deposit holders, or by the situs of the underlying share which the ADS represents, but HMRC may take the view that the ADSs, as well as the ordinary shares, are or represent UK-situs assets.
However, an individual who is domiciled in the US (for the purposes of the Estate and Gift Tax Convention (the Convention)), and is not a UK national as defined in the Convention, will not be subject to UK inheritance tax (to the extent UK inheritance tax applies) in respect of the ordinary shares or ADSs on the individual’s death or on a transfer of the ordinary shares or ADSs during their lifetime, provided that any applicable US federal gift or estate tax is paid, unless the ordinary shares or ADSs are part of the business property of a UK permanent establishment or pertain to a UK fixed base of an individual used for the performance of independent personal services. Where the ordinary shares or ADSs have been placed in trust by a settlor, they may be subject to UK inheritance tax unless, when the trust was created, the settlor was domiciled in the US and was not a UK national. If no relief is given under the Convention, inheritance tax may be charged on death and also on the amount by which the value of an individual’s estate is reduced as a result of any transfer made by way of gift or other undervalue transfer, broadly within seven years of death, and in certain other circumstances. Where the ordinary shares or ADSs are subject to both UK inheritance tax and to US federal gift or estate tax, the Convention generally provides for either a credit against US federal tax liabilities for UK inheritance tax paid or for a credit against UK inheritance tax liabilities for US federal tax paid, as the case may be.
UK stamp duty and SDRT
Neither stamp duty nor Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (SDRT) will generally be payable in the UK on the purchase or transfer of an ADS, provided that the ADS and any separate instrument or written agreement of transfer are executed and remain at all times outside the UK. UK legislation does however provide for stamp duty (in the case of transfers) or SDRT to be payable at the rate of 1.5% on the amount or value of the consideration (or, in some cases, the value of the ordinary shares) where ordinary shares are issued or transferred to a person (or a nominee or agent of a person) whose business is or includes issuing depositary receipts or the provision of clearance services. In accordance with the terms of the deposit agreement, any tax or duty payable on deposits of ordinary shares by the depositary or by the custodian of the depositary will typically be charged to the party to whom ADSs are delivered against such deposits.
Following litigation on the subject, HMRC has accepted that it will no longer seek to apply the 1.5% SDRT charge when new shares are issued to a clearance service or depositary receipt system on the basis that the charge is not compatible with EU law. HMRC’s published practice states that the disapplication of the 1.5% charge on the issue of shares (and transfers integral to the raising of capital) into clearance services or depositary receipt systems in accordance with the relevant principles of EU law will remain the position following the UK’s exit from the EU unless the relevant UK statutory provisions are amended. In HMRC’s view, the 1.5% SDRT or stamp duty charge will continue to apply to transfers of shares into a clearance service or depositary receipt system unless they are an integral part of an issue of share capital. Specific professional advice should be sought before paying the 1.5% SDRT or stamp duty charge in any circumstances.
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Additional Information
Shareholder information continued
Taxation continued
A transfer of the underlying ordinary shares will generally be subject to stamp duty or SDRT, normally at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration (rounded up to the next multiple of £5 in the case of stamp duty). A transfer of ordinary shares from a nominee to its beneficial owner, including the transfer of underlying ordinary shares from the depositary to an ADS holder, under which no beneficial interest passes, will not be subject to stamp duty or SDRT.
Any UK stamp duty or SDRT imposed upon transfers of ADSs or ordinary shares will not be creditable for US federal income tax purposes. US Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding whether any such UK stamp duty or SDRT may be deductible or reduce the amount of gain (or increase the amount of loss) recognized upon a sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares.
US backup withholding and information reporting
Payments of dividends and sales proceeds with respect to ADSs and ordinary shares may be reported to the IRS and to the US holder. Backup withholding may apply to these reportable payments if the
US holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status or fails to report all interest and dividends required to be shown on its US federal income tax returns. Certain US holders (including, among others, corporations) are not subject to information reporting and backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a US holder will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s US federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. US holders should consult their tax advisers as to their qualification for exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining an exemption.
Certain US holders who are individuals (and certain specified entities), may be required to report information relating to their ownership of non-US securities unless the securities are held in accounts at financial institutions (in which case the accounts may be reportable if maintained by non-US financial institutions). US holders should consult their tax advisers regarding any reporting obligations they may have with respect to the Company’s ordinary shares or ADSs.
Disclosure controls and procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Group carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Group’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Group’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act 1934).
These are defined as those controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act 1934 is recorded, processed, summarised and reported within the specified periods. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Group’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
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Summary of significant corporate governance
differences from NYSE listing standards
The Group’s statement of compliance with the principles and provisions specified in the UK Corporate Governance Code issued in July 2018 by the Financial Reporting Council (the Code) is set out on pages 137 and 138.
IHG has also adopted the corporate governance requirements of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules and of the NYSE, to the extent that they are applicable to it as a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer, IHG is required to disclose any significant ways in which its corporate governance practices differ from those followed by US companies. These are as follows:
Basis of regulation
The Code contains a series of principles and provisions. Listed companies are required to state how they have applied the Code’s principles and the provisions operate on a ‘comply or explain’ basis, where any areas of non-compliance should be disclosed with an explanation for the non-compliance.
In contrast, US companies listed on the NYSE are required to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines adopted by the NYSE.
Independent Directors
The Code’s principles recommend that at least half the Board, excluding the Chair, should consist of independent non-executive directors. As at 20 February 2023, the Board consisted of the Chair, independent at the time of her appointment, three Executive Directors and nine independent Non-Executive Directors. NYSE listing rules applicable to US companies state that companies must have a majority of independent directors. The NYSE has set out six bright line tests for director independence. The Board’s judgement is that all of its Non-Executive Directors are independent. However, it did not explicitly take into consideration the NYSE’s tests in reaching this determination.
Chair and Chief Executive Officer
The Code recommends that the Chair and Chief Executive Officer should not be the same individual to ensure that there is a clear division of responsibility for the running of the Company’s business. There is no corresponding requirement for US companies. The roles of Chair and Chief Executive Officer were, as at 20 February 2023 and throughout 2022, fulfilled by separate individuals.
Committees
The Company has a number of Board Committees which are similar in purpose and constitution to those required for domestic companies under NYSE rules. The NYSE requires US companies to have audit, remuneration and nominating/corporate governance committees composed entirely of independent directors, as defined under the NYSE rules. The Company’s Nomination, Audit and Remuneration Committees consist entirely of Non-Executive Directors who are independent under the standards of the Code, which may not necessarily be the same as the NYSE independence standards. The nominating/governance committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to become Board members and to recommend to the Board a set of corporate governance principles. As the Company is subject to the Code, the Company’s Nomination Committee is responsible for nominating, for approval by the Board, candidates for appointment to the Board, including recommending suitable candidates for the role of Senior Independent Non-Executive Director. The Company’s Nomination Committee consists of the Chair and independent Non-Executive Directors.
The Chair of the Company is not a member of either the Remuneration or Audit Committees. As set out on page 105, the Audit Committee is chaired by an independent Non-Executive Director who, in the Board’s view, has the experience and qualifications to satisfy the criterion under US rules for an ‘audit committee financial expert’.
Non-Executive Director meetings
NYSE rules require that non-management Directors of US companies must meet on a regular basis without management present, and independent Directors must meet separately at least once per year. The Code recommends: (i) the Board Chair to hold meetings with the Non-Executive Directors without the Executive Directors present; and (ii) the Non-Executive Directors to meet at least annually without the Chair present to appraise the Chair’s performance. The Company’s Non-Executive Directors have met frequently without Executive Directors being present, and intend to continue this practice, after every Board meeting if possible.
Shareholder approval of equity compensation plans
The NYSE rules require that shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans. The Company complies with UK requirements which are similar to the NYSE rules. The Board does not, however, explicitly take into consideration the NYSE’s detailed definition of ‘material revisions’.
Code of Conduct
The NYSE requires companies to adopt a code of business conduct and ethics, applicable to Directors, officers and employees. Any waivers granted to Directors or officers under such a code must be promptly disclosed. As set out on pages 41 and 42, IHG’s Code of Conduct is applicable to all Directors, officers and employees, and is available on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business. No waivers have been granted under the Code of Conduct.
Compliance certification
Each chief executive of a US company must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the Company of any NYSE corporate governance listing standard. As the Company is a foreign private issuer, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is not required to make this certification. However, he is required to notify the NYSE promptly in writing after any of the Company’s executive officers become aware of any non-compliance with those NYSE corporate governance rules applicable to the Company.
| Shareholder information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 255 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Shareholder information continued
Return of funds
Since March 2003, the Group has returned over £7 billion of funds to shareholders by way of special dividends, capital returns and share repurchase programmes.
| Return of funds programme | Timing | Total return | Returned to date | |||||||||||||||
| £501m special dividenda | Paid in December 2004 | £501m | £501m | |||||||||||||||
| £250m share buyback | Completed in 2004 | £250m | £250m | |||||||||||||||
| £996m capital returna | Paid in July 2005 | £996m | £996m | |||||||||||||||
| £250m share buyback | Completed in 2006 | £250m | £250m | |||||||||||||||
| £497m special dividenda | Paid in June 2006 | £497m | £497m | |||||||||||||||
| £250m share buyback | Completed in 2007 | £250m | £250m | |||||||||||||||
| £709m special dividenda | Paid in June 2007 | £709m | £709m | |||||||||||||||
| £150m share buyback | N/A | b | £150m | £120m | ||||||||||||||
| $500m special dividendac | Paid in October 2012 | £315m | d | £315m | e | |||||||||||||
| ($500m | ) | ($505m | ) | |||||||||||||||
| $500m share buyback | Completed in 2014 | £315m | d | £315m | ||||||||||||||
| ($500m | ) | ($500m | )f | |||||||||||||||
| $350m special dividend | Paid in October 2013 | £229m | g | £228m | ||||||||||||||
| ($350m | ) | ($355m | )h | |||||||||||||||
| $750m special dividenda | Paid in July 2014 | £447m | i | £446m | ||||||||||||||
| ($750m | ) | ($763m | )j | |||||||||||||||
| $1,500m special dividenda | Paid in May 2016 | £1,038m | k | £1,038m | ||||||||||||||
| ($1,500m | ) | ($1,500m | ) | |||||||||||||||
| $400m special dividenda | Paid in May 2017 | £309m | l | £310m | ||||||||||||||
| ($400m | ) | ($404m | ) | |||||||||||||||
| $500m special dividenda | Paid in January 2019 | £389m | m | £388m | ||||||||||||||
| ($500m | ) | ($510m | ) | |||||||||||||||
| $500m share buyback | Completed in January 2023 | £432m | £432m | |||||||||||||||
| ($496m | ) | ($496m | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total | £7,077m | £7,045m | ||||||||||||||||
| a | Accompanied by a share consolidation. |
| b | This programme was superseded by the share buyback programme announced on 7 August 2012. |
| c | IHG changed the reporting currency of its Consolidated Financial Statements from sterling to US dollars effective from the Half-Year Results as at 30 June 2008. |
| d | The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling immediately before announcement at the rate of $1=£0.63, as set out in the circular detailing the special dividend and share buyback programme published on 14 September 2012. |
| e | Sterling dividend translated at $1=£0.624. |
| f | Translated into US dollars at the average rates of exchange for the relevant years (2014 $1=£0.61; 2013 $1=£0.64; 2012 $1 = £0.63). |
| g | The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling immediately before announcement at the rate of $1=£0.65, as announced in the Half-Year Results to 30 June 2013. |
| h | Sterling dividend translated at $1=£0.644. |
| i | The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling immediately before announcement at the rate translated at $1=£0.597. |
| j | Sterling dividend translated at $1=£0.5845. |
| k | The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling at the rate of $1 = £0.6923, as announced on 12 May 2016. |
| l | The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling at the rate of $1 = £0.7724, as announced on 11 May 2017. |
| m | The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling at the rate of £1 = $1.2860, as announced on 17 January 2019. |
| 256 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Purchases of equity securities by
the Company and affiliated purchaser
The Group’s $500m share buyback programme was announced on 9 August 2022 and completed on 31 January 2023.
As at 31 December 2022, 9,060,715 shares had been repurchased at an average price of 47.1702 pence per share (approximately £427m).
| Total number of shares (or units) purchased |
Average price paid per share (or unit) (£) |
Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or |
Maximum number of shares (or units) that |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Month 1 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,321,631 | a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 2 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,321,631 | a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 3 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,321,631 | a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 4 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,321,631 | a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 5 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 6 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 7 (no purchases this month) | nil | nil | nil | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 8 | 553,681 | 49.7082 | 553,681 | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 9 | 3,426,985 | 45.9347 | 3,426,985 | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 10 | 3,315,974 | 45.1271 | 3,315,974 | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 11 | 1,410,242 | 47.4133 | 1,410,242 | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| Month 12 | 353,833 | 48.2675 | 353,833 | 18,401,631 | b | |||||||||||||||||||
| a | Reflects the resolution passed at the Company’s AGM held on 7 May 2021. |
| b | Reflects the resolution passed at the Company’s AGM held on 6 May 2022. |
Dividend history
The table below sets forth the amounts of ordinary dividends on each ordinary share and special dividends, in respect of each financial year indicated.
| Interim dividend | Final dividend |
Total dividend |
Special dividend | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pence | cents | pence | cents | pence | cents | pence | cents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 37.8 | 43.9 | N/A | a | 94.5 | N/A | a | 94.5 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | – | – | 67.50 | 85.9 | 67.50 | 85.9 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 32.0 | 39.9 | – | b | – | b | 32.0 | 39.9 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 27.7 | 36.3 | 60.4 | 78.1 | 88.1 | 114.4 | 203.8 | ce | 262.1 | ce | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 24.4 | 33.0 | 50.2 | 71.0 | 74.6 | 104.0 | 156.4 | c | 202.5 | c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 22.6 | 30.0 | 49.4 | 64.0 | 72.0 | 94.0 | 438.2 | c | 632.9 | c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2015 | 17.7 | 27.5 | 40.3 | 57.5 | 58.0 | 85.0 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 14.8 | 25.0 | 33.8 | 52.0 | 48.6 | 77.0 | 174.9 | c | 293.0 | c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2013 | 15.1 | 23.0 | 28.1 | 47.0 | 43.2 | 70.0 | 87.1 | 133.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 13.5 | 21.0 | 27.7 | 43.0 | 41.2 | 64.0 | 108.4 | c | 172.0 | c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 9.8 | 16.0 | 24.7 | 39.0 | 34.5 | 55.0 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 8.0 | 12.8 | 22.0 | 35.2 | 30.0 | 48.0 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 7.3 | 12.2 | 18.7 | 29.2 | 26.0 | 41.4 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008c | 6.4 | 12.2 | 20.2 | 29.2 | 26.6 | 41.4 | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 5.7 | 11.5 | 14.9 | 29.2 | 20.6 | 40.7 | 200 | c | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | 5.1 | 9.6 | 13.3 | 25.9 | 18.4 | 35.5 | 118 | c | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 26 April 2023 using the average of the daily exchange rates for the three working days commencing 21 April 2023. |
| b | The Board withdrew its recommendation of a final dividend in respect of 2019 of 85.9¢ per share. |
| c | Accompanied by a share consolidation. |
| d | IHG changed the reporting currency of its Consolidated Financial Statements from sterling to US dollars effective from the Half-Year Results as at 30 June 2008. Starting with the interim dividend for 2008, all dividends have first been determined in US dollars and converted into sterling prior to payment. |
| e | This special dividend was announced on 19 October 2018 and paid on 29 January 2019. |
| Shareholder information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 257 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Shareholder information continued
Shareholder profiles
Shareholder profile by type as at 31 December 2022
| Category of shareholder |
Number of shareholders |
Percentage of total shareholders |
Number of ordinary shares |
Percentage of issued share capital | ||||||||||||||||||
| Private individuals | 29,444 | 95.41% | 7,327,530 | 4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Nominee companies | 1,096 | 3.55% | 147,449,376 | 80.51% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Limited and public limited companies | 173 | 0.56% | 16,090,951 | 8.79% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other corporate bodies | 140 | 0.45% | 12,258,775 | 6.69% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pension funds, insurance companies and banks | 7 | 0.02% | 9,774 | 0.01% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 30,860 | 100% | 183,136,406 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||
Shareholder profile by size as at 31 December 2022
| Range of shareholdings |
Number of shareholders |
Percentage of total shareholders |
Number of ordinary shares |
Percentage of issued share capital | ||||||||||||||||
| 1–199 | 21,394 | 69.33% | 1,254,486 | 0.69% | ||||||||||||||||
| 200–499 | 5,224 | 16.93% | 1,633,004 | 0.89% | ||||||||||||||||
| 500–999 | 2,074 | 6.72% | 1,436,995 | 0.78% | ||||||||||||||||
| 1,000–4,999 | 1,429 | 4.63% | 2,797,081 | 1.53% | ||||||||||||||||
| 5,000–9,999 | 187 | 0.61% | 1,309,645 | 0.72% | ||||||||||||||||
| 10,000–49,999 | 283 | 0.92% | 6,494,922 | 3.55% | ||||||||||||||||
| 50, 000–99,999 | 83 | 0.27% | 5,817,510 | 3.18% | ||||||||||||||||
| 100,000–499,999 | 123 | 0.40% | 27,100,941 | 14.80% | ||||||||||||||||
| 500,000–999,999 | 34 | 0.11% | 23,510,051 | 12.84% | ||||||||||||||||
| 1,000,000 and above | 29 | 0.09% | 111,781,771 | 61.04% | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 30,860 | 100% | 183,136,406 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||
Shareholder profile by geographical location as at 31 December 2022
| Country/Jurisdiction |
Percentage of issued share capital | |||
| UK | 45.8% | |||
| Rest of Europe | 21.1% | |||
| US (including ADRs) | 30.7% | |||
| Rest of world | 2.4% | |||
| Total | 100% |
The geographical profile presented is based on an analysis of shareholders (by manager) of 10,000 shares or above where geographical ownership is known. This analysis only captures 92% of total issued share capital. Therefore, the known percentage distributions have been multiplied by 100/92.4 to achieve the figures shown in the table above.
As of 17 February 2023, 9,416,733 ADRs equivalent to 9,416,733 ordinary shares, or approximately 5.3% of the total issued share capital, were outstanding and were held by 411 holders. Since certain ordinary shares are registered in the names of nominees, the number of shareholders on record may not be representative of the number of beneficial owners.
As of 17 February 2023, there were a total of 30,692 recorded holders of ordinary shares, of whom 243 had registered addresses in the US and held a total of 305,114 ordinary shares (0.17% of the total issued share capital).
| 258 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F with the SEC, and are publicly available through the SEC’s website.
|
Visit www.sec.gov and search InterContinental Hotels Group PLC under Company Filings. |
| a | Incorporated by reference. |
| Exhibits | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 259 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Forward-looking statements
The Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 contains certain forward-looking statements as defined under US legislation (Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of the Group and certain plans and objectives of the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC with respect thereto. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in the Chair’s statement and in the Chief Executive Officer’s review. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as ‘anticipate’, ‘target’, ‘expect’, ‘estimate’, ‘intend’, ‘plan’, ‘goal’, ‘believe’, or other words of similar meaning. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by the Group’s management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate.
By their nature, forward-looking statements are inherently predictive, speculative and involve risk and uncertainty. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: the Group’s exposure to a variety of risks related to identifying, securing and retaining franchise and management agreements; the Group’s exposure to the risks of hotel industry overcapacity; the Group’s exposure to the risks related to cybersecurity and data privacy; the Group’s exposure to risks associated with its intellectual property; the Group’s exposure to inherent risks in relation to changing technology and systems; the Group’s exposure to increasing competition from online travel agents and intermediaries; the Group’s dependence upon a wide range of external stakeholders and business partners; the Group’s requirement to comply with existing and changing regulations and act in accordance with societal expectations across numerous countries, territories and jurisdictions; the Group’s exposure to the risk of litigation; the risks associated with domestic and international environmental laws and regulations that may cause us to incur substantial costs or subject us to potential liabilities; the risk that the Group’s financial performance may be affected by changes in tax laws; the Group’s reputation and
the value of its brands being influenced by the perception of various stakeholders of the Group; the Group being subject to a competitive and changing industry; the Group’s reliance on the reputation of its existing brands and exposure to inherent reputation risks; the Group’s exposure to inherent uncertainties associated with brand development and expansion; the Group’s requirement for the right people, skills and capability to manage growth and change; the risks associated with collective bargaining activity which could disrupt operations, increase labour costs or interfere with the ability of management to focus on executing business strategies; the Group’s exposure to a variety of risks associated with safety, security and crisis management; the Group’s reliance upon the resilience of its reservation system and other key technology platforms, and the risks that could disrupt their operation and/or integrity; the risks of political and economic developments; the Group’s exposure to continued disruption and consequences from the war in Ukraine; the risks associated with insuring the Group’s business; the Group’s exposure to risks related to executing and realising benefits from strategic transactions, including acquisitions and restructuring; the Group’s exposure to a variety of risks associated with its financial stability and ability to borrow and satisfy debt covenants; the Group’s operations being dependent on maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet all foreseeable medium-term requirements and provide headroom against unforeseen obligations; the Group’s exposure to an impairment of the carrying value of its brands, goodwill or other tangible and intangible assets negatively affecting its consolidated operating results; the Group’s exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates, currency devaluations or restructurings and to interest rate risk in relation to its borrowings; the risk that the Group may be affected by credit risk on treasury transactions; the Group’s exposure to the risk of events or stakeholder expectations that adversely impact domestic or international travel, including climate change; and the Group’s exposure to risks relating to our commitments in relation to climate change.
The main factors that could affect the business and financial results are described in the Strategic Report of the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022.
| 260 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Form 20-F cross-reference guide
The table below references information in this document that will be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2022 filed with the SEC.
| Item | Form 20-F caption | Location in this document | Page | |||||||||
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| 1 | Identity of Directors, senior management and advisers | Not applicable | – | |||||||||
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| 2 | Offer statistics and expected timetable | Not applicable | – | |||||||||
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| 3 | Key information | |||||||||||
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| 3A – Selected financial data | Shareholder information: Dividend history | 257 | ||||||||||
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| 3B – Capitalisation and indebtedness | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 3C – Reason for the offer and use of proceeds | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 3D – Risk factors | Group information: Risk factors | 240-245 | ||||||||||
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| 4A – History and development of the Company | Group information: History and developments | 240 | ||||||||||
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| Shareholder information: Return of funds | 256 | |||||||||||
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| Useful information: Contacts | 267 | |||||||||||
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| 4B – Business overview | Strategic Report | 2-88 | ||||||||||
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| Group information: Working Time Regulations 1998 | 249 | |||||||||||
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| Group Information: Risk factors | 240-245 | |||||||||||
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| 4C – Organisational structure | Strategic Report: Our Culture | 40-42 | ||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 33 – Group companies | 214-216 | |||||||||||
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| Group Information: History and developments | 240 | |||||||||||
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| 4D – Property, plant and equipment | Strategic Report: Key performance indicators | 62-65 | ||||||||||
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| Directors’ Report: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions | 237-239 | |||||||||||
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Group Financial Statements: Note 13 – Property, plant and equipment |
187-188 | |||||||||
| 4A | Unresolved staff comments | None | – | |||||||||
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| 5 | Operating and financial review and prospects | |||||||||||
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| 5A – Operating results | Strategic Report: Key performance indicators | 62-65 | ||||||||||
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| Strategic Report: Performance | 67-74 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Accounting policies | 157-168 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: New accounting standards | 168 | |||||||||||
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| Viability statement | 52-53 | |||||||||||
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| 5B – Liquidity and capital resources | Strategic Report: Our Business Model – Capital allocation and | 12-13 | ||||||||||
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| Viability statement | 52-53 | |||||||||||
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| Strategic Report: Performance – Sources of liquidity | 72 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 18 – Cash and cash equivalents | 195 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 21 – Loans and other borrowings | 197 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 23 – Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments | 199-203 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 24 – Classification and measurement of financial instruments | 203-205 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 25 – Reconciliation of (loss)/profit for the year to cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs | 206 | |||||||||||
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| 5C – Research and development; intellectual property | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 5D – Trend information | Strategic Report: Performance | 67-74 | ||||||||||
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| Strategic Report: Trends shaping our industry | 14-15 | |||||||||||
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| 5E – Off-balance sheet arrangements | Strategic Report: Performance – Off-balance sheet arrangements | 72 | ||||||||||
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| 5G – Safe harbour | Additional Information: Forward-looking statements | 260 | ||||||||||
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| Non-GAAP financial measures | Strategic Report: Performance | 67-74 | ||||||||||
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| Other financial information | 226-234 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 6 – Exceptional items | 175-178 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 10 – (Loss)/earnings per ordinary share | 184 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 22 – Net debt | 198-199 | |||||||||||
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| Form 20-F cross-reference guide | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 261 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Form 20-F cross-reference guide continued
| Item | Form 20-F caption | Location in this document | Page | |||||||||
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| 6 | Directors, senior management and employees | |||||||||||
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| 6A – Directors and senior management | Governance: Our Board of Directors and Our Executive Committee | 92-97 | ||||||||||
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| 6B – Compensation | Directors’ Remuneration Report | 114-136 | ||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 26 – Retirement benefits | 206-208 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 31 – Related party disclosures | 213 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 27 – Share-based payments | 209-210 | |||||||||||
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| 6C – Board practices | Governance structure and Board activities | 98-102 | ||||||||||
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| Executive Directors’ benefits upon termination of office | 246 | |||||||||||
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| 6D – Employees | Group Financial Statements: Note 4 – Staff costs and Directors’ remuneration | 174 | ||||||||||
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| Group information: Working Time Regulations 1998 | 249 | |||||||||||
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| Directors’ Report: Employees and Code of Conduct | 236-237 | |||||||||||
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| 6E – Share ownership | Directors’ Remuneration Report: Annual Report on Directors’ remuneration – Scheme interests awarded during 2021 and 2022 | 130 | ||||||||||
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| Directors’ Remuneration Report: Annual Report on Directors’ remuneration – Shares and awards held by Executive Directors at 31 December 2022: number of shares | 131 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 27 – Share-based payments | 209-210 | |||||||||||
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| Group information: Directors’ and Executive Committee members’ shareholdings | 246 | |||||||||||
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| 6F – Disclosure of a registrant’s action to recover erroneously awarded compensation |
Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 7 | Major shareholders and related party transactions | |||||||||||
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| 7A – Major shareholders | Directors’ Report: Major institutional shareholders | 235 | ||||||||||
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| Shareholder information: Shareholder profiles | 258 | |||||||||||
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| 7B – Related party transactions | Group Financial Statements: Note 15 – Investment in associates | 191-192 | ||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 31 – Related party disclosures | 213 | |||||||||||
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| 7C – Interests of experts and counsel | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 8 | Financial Information | |||||||||||
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| 8A – Consolidated statements and other financial | Directors’ Report: Dividends | 235 | ||||||||||
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| information | Group Financial Statements |
139-216 | ||||||||||
| Group information: Legal proceedings | 251 | |||||||||||
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| Other financial information | 226-234 | |||||||||||
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| 8B – Significant changes | None | – | ||||||||||
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| 9 | The offer and listing | |||||||||||
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| 9A – Offer and listing details | Useful information: Trading markets | 266 | ||||||||||
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| 9B – Plan of distribution | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 9C – Markets | Useful information: Trading markets | 266 | ||||||||||
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| 9D – Selling shareholders | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 9E – Dilution | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 9F – Expenses of the issue | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 10 | Additional information | |||||||||||
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| 10A – Share capital | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 10B – Memorandum and articles of association | Group information: Articles of Association | 248-249 | ||||||||||
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| Group information: Rights attaching to shares | 248-249 | |||||||||||
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| 10C – Material contracts | Group information: Material contracts | 250 | ||||||||||
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| 10D – Exchange controls | Group information: Exchange controls and restrictions on payment of dividends |
250 | ||||||||||
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| 10E – Taxation | Shareholder information: Taxation | 252-254 | ||||||||||
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| 10F – Dividends and paying agents | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 10G – Statement by experts | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 10H – Documents on display | Useful information: Investor information – Documents on display | 266 | ||||||||||
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| 10I – Subsidiary information | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 262 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
| Item | Form 20-F caption | Location in this document | Page | |||||||||
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| 11 | Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk | Group Financial Statements: Note 23 – Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments | 199-203 | |||||||||
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| 12 | Description of securities other than equity securities | |||||||||||
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| 12A – Debt securities | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 12B – Warrants and rights | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 12C – Other securities | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 12D – American depositary shares | Group information: Description of securities other than equity securities | 247 | ||||||||||
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| Additional Information: Investor Information | 266 | |||||||||||
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| Additional Information: Contacts | 267 | |||||||||||
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| 13 | Defaults, dividend arrearages and delinquencies | Not applicable | – | |||||||||
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| 14 | Material modifications to the rights of security holders and use of proceeds | Not applicable | – | |||||||||
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| 15 | Controls and Procedures | |||||||||||
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| Shareholder information: Disclosure controls and procedures | 254 | |||||||||||
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| Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities: Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting | 140 | |||||||||||
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| Independent Auditor’s US Report | 147-149 | |||||||||||
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| 16 | 16A – Audit committee financial expert | Governance: Audit Committee Report | 105-109 | |||||||||
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| Shareholder information: Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards – Committees | 255 | |||||||||||
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| 16B – Code of ethics | Directors’ Report: Employees and Code of Conduct | 236-237 | ||||||||||
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| Strategic Report: Our culture | 40-43 | |||||||||||
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| Shareholder information: Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards | 255 | |||||||||||
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| 16C – Principal accountant fees and services | Governance: Audit Committee Report – External auditor | 107-108 | ||||||||||
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| Governance: Audit Committee Report – Non-audit services | 107 | |||||||||||
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| Group Financial Statements: Note 5 – Auditor’s remuneration | 174 | |||||||||||
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| 16D – Exemptions from the listing standards for audit committees |
Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 16E – Purchase of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers |
Shareholder information: Purchases of equity securities by the Company and affiliated purchasers | 257 | ||||||||||
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| 16F – Change in registrant’s certifying accountant | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 16G – Corporate Governance | Shareholder information: Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards | 255 | ||||||||||
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| 16H – Mine safety disclosure | Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 16I – Disclosure regarding foreign jurisdictions that prevent inspections |
Not applicable | – | ||||||||||
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| 17 | Financial statements | Not applicable | – | |||||||||
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| 18 | Financial statements | Group Financial Statements | 139-216 | |||||||||
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| 19 | Exhibits | Additional Information: Exhibits | 259 | |||||||||
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| Form 20-F cross-reference guide | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 263 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Glossary
ADR
an American Depositary Receipt, being a receipt evidencing title to an ADS.
ADR Depositary
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A.
ADS
an American Depositary Share as evidenced by an ADR, being a registered negotiable security, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, representing one ordinary share of 20 340/399 pence each of the Company.
AGM
Annual General Meeting.
APP
Annual Performance Plan.
Average daily rate
rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights sold.
Capital expenditure
purchases of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, associate and joint venture investments, and other financial assets, plus contract acquisition costs (key money).
Captive
the Group’s captive insurance company, SCH Insurance Company.
Code
IHG’s Code of Conduct.
Colleague
individuals who work at IHG corporate offices, reservation centres, managed, owned, leased, managed lease and franchised hotels collectively.
Companies Act
the UK Companies Act 2006, as amended from time to time.
Company or Parent Company
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC.
Comparable RevPAR
a comparison for a grouping of hotels that have traded in all months in financial years being compared. Principally excludes new hotels, hotels closed for major refurbishment and hotels sold in either of the two years. Hotels which have been temporarily closed as a result of Covid-19 are not excluded from comparable RevPAR.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
growth over a period of years expressed as the constant rate of growth that would produce the same growth if compounded annually.
Constant currency
a prior-year value translated using the current year’s average exchange rates.
Currency swap
an exchange of a deposit and a borrowing, each denominated in a different currency, for an agreed period of time.
Deferred Compensation Plan
a US plan that allows for the additional provision for retirement within a dedicated trust, either through employee deferral of salary with matching company contributions, deferral of APP earnings or through direct company contribution.
Derivatives
financial instruments used to reduce risk, the price of which is derived from an underlying asset, index or rate.
DE&I
Diversity, equity & inclusion.
DR Policy
Directors’ Remuneration Policy.
EMEAA
Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa (excludes Greater China).
Employee engagement survey
our employee engagement survey, known as the Colleague HeartBeat, completed by IHG employees or those colleagues who are employed at managed or managed lease hotels.
Enterprise contribution to revenue
the percentage of room revenue booked through IHG managed channels and sources: direct via our websites, apps and call centres; through our interfaces with Global Distribution Systems (GDS) and agreements with Online Travel Agencies (OTAs); other distribution partners directly connected to our reservation system; and Global Sales Office business or IHG Reward members that book directly at a hotel.
ERG
employee resource group.
ESG
Environmental, social and governance.
Executive officers
defined by the SEC as the president, any vice president in charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales, administration or finance), any officer who performs a policy making function, or any other person who performs similar policy making functions.
Fee business
IHG’s franchised and managed businesses combined.
FERA
Fuel and energy related emissions.
Franchised hotels
hotels operated under an IHG brand license by a franchisee. IHG receives a fixed percentage of rooms revenue and neither owns, leases nor operates the property.
Franchisee
an owner who uses a brand under licence from IHG.
FRC
UK Financial Reporting Council.
Group or IHG
the Company and its subsidiaries.
Guest Love
IHG’s guest satisfaction measurement tool used to measure brand preference and guest satisfaction.
Guest Reservation System or GRS
our global electronic guest reservation system.
Hedging
the reduction of risk, normally in relation to foreign currency or interest rate movements, by making offsetting commitments.
Hotel revenue
revenue from all revenue-generating activity undertaken by managed and owned, leased and managed lease hotels, including room nights, food and beverage sales.
IASB
International Accounting Standards Board.
IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB and adopted under UK law.
IHG PLC
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC.
International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB)
formed by the IFRS to create sustainability-related disclosure standards that provide investors with consistent and comparable information about companies’ sustainability-related risks and opportunities.
Journey to Tomorrow
IHG’s responsible business plan to create positive change by 2030.
Liquidated damages
payments received in respect of the early termination of franchise and management agreements.
Listing Rules
regulations subject to the oversight of the Financial Conduct Authority, which set out the obligations of UK listed companies.
| 264 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
LTIP
Long Term Incentive Plan.
Managed hotels
hotels operated by IHG under a management agreement on behalf of the hotel owner. IHG generates revenue through a fixed percentage of the total hotel revenue and a proportion of hotel profit, and neither leases nor owns the property.
Managed lease
properties which are held through a lease but with the same characteristics as management agreements.
Management agreement
a contract to operate a hotel on behalf of the hotel owner.
Market capitalisation
the value attributed to a listed company by multiplying its share price by the number of shares in issue.
Net rooms supply
net total number of IHG System hotel rooms.
NYSE
New York Stock Exchange.
Occupancy rate
rooms occupied by hotel guests, expressed as a percentage of rooms that are available.
Ordinary share
ordinary shares of 20 340/399 pence each in the Company.
Owned, leased and managed lease hotels
hotels operated by IHG where IHG is, or effectively acts as, the owner, with responsibility for assets, employees and running costs. The entire revenue and profit of the hotels are recorded in IHG’s financial statements.
Owner
the owner of a hotel property.
Pipeline
hotels/rooms due to enter the IHG System at a future date. A hotel enters the pipeline once a contract has been signed and appropriate fees paid.
ppt
a percentage point is the unit for the arithmetic difference of two percentages.
Reimbursable revenues
reimbursements from managed and franchised hotels for costs incurred by IHG, for example the cost of IHG employees working in managed hotels. The related revenues and costs are presented gross in the Group income statement and there is no impact to profit.
Revenue management
the employment of pricing and segment strategies to optimise the revenue generated from the sale of room nights.
RevPAR or Revenue per available room
rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights that are available (can be mathematically derived from occupancy rate multiplied by average daily rate).
Revolving Credit Facility or RCF
the Group’s syndicated bank revolving credit facility.
Room count
number of rooms franchised, managed, owned, leased or managed lease by IHG.
Room revenue
revenue generated from the sale of room nights.
Royalties
fees, based on rooms revenue, that a franchisee pays to the Group.
Science-based targets (SBTs)
measurable, actionable and time-bound carbon reduction targets, based on the best avaliable science and in line with the scale of reductions required to keep global warming below 2°C or 1.5°C from pre-industrial levels.
Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)
helps businesses commit to and meet SBTs by independently assessing and approving any targets that are set.
SEC
US Securities and Exchange Commission.
Subsidiary
a company over which the Group exercises control.
System
hotels/rooms operating under franchise and management agreements together with IHG owned, leased and managed lease hotels/ rooms, globally (the IHG System) or on a regional basis, as the context requires.
System Fund or Fund
assessment fees and contributions collected from hotels within the IHG System which fund activities that drive revenue to our hotels including marketing, the IHG One Rewards loyalty programme and our distribution channels.
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
created by the Financial Stability Board to improve and increase reporting of climate-related financial information and to help inform investors and others about the risks they face related to climate change.
Technology fee income
income received from hotels under franchise and management agreements for the use of IHG’s Guest Reservation System.
Total Shareholder Return or TSR
the theoretical growth in value of a shareholding over a period, by reference to the beginning and ending share price, and assuming that dividends, including special dividends, are reinvested to purchase additional units of the equity.
UK Corporate Governance Code
a Code issued in 2018 by the Financial Reporting Council in the UK which guides best practice for the governance of listed companies.
US 401(k) Plan
the defined contribution retirement plan for US employees governed by IRS Code § 401(k).
Workforce
IHG employees.
Working capital
the sum of inventories, receivables and payables of a trading nature, excluding financing and taxation items.
Yield
the income received from an investment, in relation to the price paid for it, expressed as a percentage.
|
For the definitions of our Key performance measures (including Non-GAAP measures) see pages 62 to 65. |
| Glossary | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 265 |
Table of Contents
Additional Information
Useful information
Investor information
Website and electronic communication
As part of IHG’s commitment to reduce the cost and environmental impact of producing and distributing printed documents in large quantities, this Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 has been made available to shareholders through our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Annual Report.
Shareholders may electronically appoint a proxy to vote on their behalf at the 2023 AGM. Shareholders who hold their shares through CREST may appoint proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service, by using the procedures described in the CREST Manual.
Shareholder hotel discount
IHG offers discounted hotel stays (subject to availability) for registered shareholders only, through a controlled-access website. This is not available to shareholders who hold shares through nominee companies, ISAs or ADRs. For further details please contact the Company Secretary’s office (see page 267).
Responsible Business Report
In line with our commitment to responsible business practices, this year we have produced a Responsible Business Report showcasing our approach to responsible business and progress against our Responsible Business Targets.
|
|
Visit www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for further information. |
Registrar
For information on a range of shareholder services, including enquiries concerning individual shareholdings, notification of a shareholder’s change of address and amalgamation of shareholder accounts (in order to avoid duplicate mailing of shareholder communications), shareholders should contact the Company’s Registrar, Equiniti, on +44 (0) 371 384 2132a.
Dividend services
Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)
The Company offers a DRIP for shareholders to purchase additional IHG shares with their cash dividends. For further information about the DRIP, please contact our Registrar helpline on +44 (0) 371 384 2132a.
|
|
Visit www.shareview.co.uk/info/drip for a DRIP application form and information booklet. |
Bank mandate
We encourage shareholders to have their dividends paid directly into their UK bank or building society accounts, to ensure efficient payment and clearance of funds on the payment date. For further information, please contact our Registrar (see page 267).
Overseas payment service
It is also possible for shareholders to have their dividends paid directly to their bank accounts in a local currency. Charges are payable for this service.
|
|
Visit www.shareview.co.uk/info/ops for further information. |
Out-of-date/unclaimed dividends
If you think that you have out-of-date dividend cheques or unclaimed dividend payments, please contact our Registrar (see page 267).
Individual Savings Account (ISA)
Equiniti offers a Stocks and Shares ISA that can invest in IHG shares.
For further information, please contact Equiniti on +44 (0) 345 300 0430a.
Share-dealing services
Equiniti offers the following share-dealing facilities.
Postal dealing
+44 (0) 371 384 2132 from the UK and overseasa
Telephone dealing
For more information, call +44 (0)345 603 7037b
Internet dealing
Visit www.shareview.co.uk for more information.
Changes to the base cost of IHG shares
Details of all the changes to the base cost of IHG shares held from April 2004 to January 2019, for UK Capital Gains Tax purposes, may be found on our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Shareholder centre in the Tax information section.
‘Gone away’ shareholders
Working with ProSearch (an asset reunification company), we continue to look for shareholders who have not kept their contact details up to date. We have funds waiting to be claimed and are committed to doing what we can to pay these to their rightful owners. Please contact ProSearch on +44 (0) 371 384 2735c or visit www.prosearchassets.com for further details.
| a | Lines are open from 08:30 to 17:30 Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays. |
| b | Lines are open from 08:00 to 18:00 Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays. |
| c | Lines are open from 09:00 to 17:00 Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays. |
Shareholder security
Many companies have become aware that their shareholders have received unsolicited telephone calls or correspondence concerning investment matters. These are typically from ‘brokers’ who target UK shareholders, offering to sell them what often turn out to be worthless or high-risk shares in US or UK investments. These operations are commonly known as ‘boiler rooms’. More detailed information on this or similar activity can be found at www.fca.org.uk/consumers on the Financial Conduct Authority website.
Details of any share dealing facilities that the Company endorses will be included in Company mailings.
Trading markets
The principal trading market for the Company’s ordinary shares is the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The ordinary shares are also listed on the NYSE, trading in the form of ADSs evidenced by ADRs. Each ADS represents one ordinary share. The Company has a sponsored ADR facility with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as ADR Depositary.
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
The Company’s shares are listed on the NYSE in the form of American Depositary Shares, evidenced by ADRs and traded under the symbol ‘IHG’. Each ADR represents one ordinary share. All enquiries regarding ADR holder accounts and payment of dividends should be directed to J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., our ADR Depositary bank (contact details shown on the opposite page).
Documents on display
Documents referred to in this Annual Report and Form 20-F that are filed with the SEC can be found at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, NE Washington, DC 20549. For further information and copy charges please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically and the Company’s SEC filings since 22 May 2002 are also publicly available through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov Copies of the Company’s Articles of Association can be obtained via the website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance or from the Company’s registered office on request.
| 266 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
Table of Contents
Financial calendars
| Dividends | ||||||
| 2022 | ||||||
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| 2022 Interim dividend | ||||||
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| Ex-dividend date | 1 September | |||||
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| Record date | 2 September | |||||
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||||
| Payment date | 6 October | |||||
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| 2023 | ||||||
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|
||||
| 2022 Final dividend of 94.5¢ per ordinary sharea | ||||||
|
|
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|
||||
| Ex-dividend date | 30 March | |||||
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||||
| Record date | 31 March | |||||
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| Payment date | 16 May | |||||
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| a | The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 26 April 2023 using the average of the daily exchange rates for the three working days commencing 21 April 2023. |
| Other dates | ||||
| 2022 | ||||
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| |||
| Financial year end | 31 December | |||
|
|
| |||
| 2023 | ||||
|
|
| |||
| Announcement of Preliminary Results for 2022 | 21 February | |||
|
|
| |||
| Announcement of 2023 First Quarter Trading Update | 5 May | |||
|
|
| |||
| Annual General Meeting | 5 May | |||
|
|
| |||
| Announcement of Half-Year Results for 2023 | 8 August | |||
|
|
| |||
| Announcement of 2023 Third Quarter Trading Update | 20 October | |||
|
|
| |||
| Financial year end | 31 December | |||
|
|
| |||
| 2024 | ||||
|
|
| |||
| Announcement of Preliminary Results for 2023 | February | |||
|
|
| |||
Contacts
Registered office
IHG Hotels & Resorts, 1 Windsor Dials, Arthur Road, Windsor,
SL4 1RS, United Kingdom
Telephone:
+44 (0) 1753 972000
www.ihgplc.com
For general information about the Group’s business, please contact the Corporate Affairs department at the above address. For all other enquiries, please contact the Company Secretary’s office at the above address.
Registrar
Equiniti, Aspect House, Spencer Road, Lancing, West Sussex,
BN99 6DA, United Kingdom
Telephone:
+44 (0) 371 384 2132
www.shareview.co.uk
ADR Depositary
Shareowner Services, PO Box 64504, St. Paul, MN 55164-0504,
United States of America
Telephone:
+1 800 990 1135 (US calls) (toll-free)
+1 651 453 2128 (non-US calls)
Enquiries: www.shareowneronline.com under contact us
www.adr.com
Auditor
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Investment bankers
BofA Securities
Goldman Sachs
Solicitors
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP
Stockbrokers
BofA Securities
IHG® One Rewards
If you wish to enquire about, or join, IHG Rewards, visit
www.ihg.com/onerewards or telephone:
+800 2222 7172b (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and UK)
+44 1950 499004c (all other countries/regions in Europe and Africa)
1 888 211 9874 (US and Canada)
001 800 272 9273c (Mexico)
+1 801 975 3013c (Spanish) (Central and South America)
+1 801 975 3063c (English) (Central and South America)
+973 6 500 9 296a (Middle East)
+800 2222 7172b (Australia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand,
Philippines, Singapore and Thailand)
800 830 1128a or 021 20334848a (Mainland China)
800 965 222 (China Hong Kong)
0800 728 (China Macau)
00801 863 366 (China Taiwan)
+632 8857 8788c (all other countries/regions in Asia Pacific)
| + | Denotes international access code. 00 or 011 in most countries. |
| a | Toll charges apply. |
| b | Universal international freephone number. |
| c | International calling rates may apply. |
| Useful information | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 | 267 |
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| 268 | IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 |
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IHG is proud of its people and the care shown for the communities in which it operates. We are pleased to feature photos of some of our people, as well as some of our community activities throughout this Annual Report and Form 20-F.
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InterContinental Hotels Group PLC 1 Windsor Dials Arthur Road Windsor Berkshire SL4 1RS Switchboard +44 (0) 1753 972000 www.ihgplc.com Make a booking at www.ihg.com
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SIGNATURE
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on Form 20-F on its behalf.
| INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC (Registrant) | ||
| By: | /s/ Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | |
| Name: | Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
| Date: | March 2, 2023 | |
